WO2013023367A1 - 光伏逆变器的校正、驱动方法及装置 - Google Patents

光伏逆变器的校正、驱动方法及装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013023367A1
WO2013023367A1 PCT/CN2011/078511 CN2011078511W WO2013023367A1 WO 2013023367 A1 WO2013023367 A1 WO 2013023367A1 CN 2011078511 W CN2011078511 W CN 2011078511W WO 2013023367 A1 WO2013023367 A1 WO 2013023367A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pulse width
module
photovoltaic inverter
power component
controlled module
Prior art date
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2011/078511
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
迟屹楠
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Shenzhen Invt Electric Co Ltd
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Shenzhen Invt Electric Co Ltd
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Publication date
Application filed by Shenzhen Invt Electric Co Ltd filed Critical Shenzhen Invt Electric Co Ltd
Priority to EP11858473.9A priority Critical patent/EP2582003A4/en
Priority to PCT/CN2011/078511 priority patent/WO2013023367A1/zh
Priority to CN201180004260.0A priority patent/CN103004076B/zh
Publication of WO2013023367A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013023367A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
    • H02M7/42Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/493Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode the static converters being arranged for operation in parallel
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/38Arrangements for feeding a single network from two or more generators or sources in parallel; Arrangements for feeding already energised networks from additional generators or sources in parallel
    • H02J3/381Dispersed generators
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/38Arrangements for feeding a single network from two or more generators or sources in parallel; Arrangements for feeding already energised networks from additional generators or sources in parallel
    • H02J3/46Controlling the sharing of generated power between the generators, sources or networks
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/08Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
    • H02M1/088Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters for the simultaneous control of series or parallel connected semiconductor devices
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2101/00Supply or distribution of decentralised, dispersed or local electric power generation
    • H02J2101/20Dispersed power generation using renewable energy sources
    • H02J2101/22Solar energy
    • H02J2101/24Photovoltaics
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/18Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
    • H02M7/42Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02M7/487Neutral point clamped inverters
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/30Reactive power compensation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of electronic power technologies, and in particular, to a method and apparatus for correcting and driving a photovoltaic inverter.
  • PV inverter In the field of photovoltaic inverter technology, grid-connected photovoltaic inverters generally adopt multi-level topology and have high efficiency. In general, the PV inverter will adopt a modular design, which makes the PV inverter's power configuration flexible and easy to maintain.
  • An existing photovoltaic inverter mainly includes at least two power modules, one of which is a main module, and the other power modules are controlled modules.
  • the main module specifically includes a controller such as a digital signal processing (DSP), a power component, and a detection circuit such as a Hall element, wherein the main module can control a hardware driver, that is, a power component, in the main module through a controller. Drive, and detect the output current of the main module through the detection loop and feedback; and the controlled module only includes the respective power components, and the controller of the main module controls the driving of the power components in the controlled module.
  • DSP digital signal processing
  • a detection circuit such as a Hall element
  • the above-mentioned existing photovoltaic inverter design needs to ensure that there is no difference between the controlled module and the power component in the main module, so that multiple power modules in the photovoltaic inverter can evenly distribute the total output current to achieve current sharing.
  • the hardware driving circuits ie, the driving circuits of the power components
  • the optocouplers in the driving circuits of the respective power modules which may affect the driving signals of the power components. That is, the width of the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) signal eventually leads to a non-uniform current flow between the various power modules in the photovoltaic inverter.
  • PWM Pulse Width Modulation
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a calibration and driving method and device for a photovoltaic inverter, which realize current sharing of respective power modules in a photovoltaic inverter.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a method for correcting a photovoltaic inverter, including:
  • Information about the difference between the adjusted on-off pulse width and the current on-off pulse width of the power component in the main module is stored in the photovoltaic inverter.
  • the embodiment of the invention further provides a driving method for a photovoltaic inverter, which is applied to a photovoltaic inverter comprising a main module and at least one controlled module, the method comprising:
  • a controller in the main module issues a control signal for controlling the driving of the power components in the main module and the controlled module;
  • a driving circuit of the power component in the main module drives the power component in the main module according to an on-off pulse width of the control signal
  • a driving circuit of the power component in the controlled module acquires difference information stored in the photovoltaic inverter, and compensates for the on-off pulse width of the control signal according to the difference information, according to the compensated
  • the on-off pulse width drives the power component in the controlled module;
  • the difference information is difference information between the on-off pulse width of the power component in the controlled module and the on-off pulse width of the power component in the main module.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a calibration apparatus for a photovoltaic inverter, including:
  • a detecting unit configured to detect a first output current of the main module in the photovoltaic inverter, and a second output current of the controlled module
  • An adjusting unit configured to adjust an on-off pulse width of the power component in the controlled module according to the first output current and the second output current detected by the detecting unit, so that the power component in the controlled module is in accordance with the After the adjusted on-off pulse width is driven, the second output current is consistent with the peak value of the first output current;
  • a storage unit configured to store difference information between the adjusted on-off pulse width of the adjustment unit and a current on-off pulse width of the power component in the main module into the photovoltaic inverter.
  • the embodiment of the invention further provides a photovoltaic inverter, comprising: a storage module, a main module and at least one controlled module, wherein the main module comprises a controller, a power component and a driving circuit thereof, and the controlled module comprises power Component and its drive circuit;
  • the controller is configured to send a control signal, where the control signal is used to control driving of a power component in the main module and the controlled module;
  • a driving circuit of the power component in the main module configured to perform on-off pulse width according to the control signal Power components in the main module are driven;
  • a driving circuit of the power component in the controlled module configured to acquire difference information stored in the photovoltaic inverter, and compensate for the on-off pulse width of the control signal according to the difference information, according to the The compensated on-off pulse width drives the power component in the controlled module;
  • the difference information is a difference information between the on-off pulse width of the power component in the controlled module and the on-off pulse width of the power component in the main module ;
  • the storage module is configured to store difference information of the on-off pulse width corresponding to the main module corresponding to the on-off pulse width of each controlled module.
  • the first and second output currents of the main module and the controlled module in the photovoltaic inverter are respectively detected, and the on-off pulse width of the power component in the controlled module is determined according to the first and second output currents. Adjusting, so that the power component in the controlled module is driven according to the adjusted on-off pulse width, the second output current is consistent with the peak value of the first output current, and the adjusted on-off pulse width and the power component in the main module
  • the difference information of the current on-off pulse width is stored in the photovoltaic inverter. This ensures that multiple power modules in the PV inverter can evenly distribute the total output current to achieve current sharing.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a photovoltaic inverter according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for correcting a photovoltaic inverter according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of output current and output total current of each power module in the embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a two-level photovoltaic inverter according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart of adjusting driving of a power component in a controlled module included in a two-level photovoltaic inverter according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a structural diagram of performing power factor adjustment in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a three-level photovoltaic inverter in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram showing a relationship between current and voltage injected into a three-level photovoltaic inverter in an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 9 is a flowchart of adjusting driving of a power component in a controlled module included in a three-level photovoltaic inverter according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram showing a relationship between current and voltage injected into a three-level photovoltaic inverter in an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 9 is a flowchart of adjusting driving of a power component in a controlled module included in a three-level photovoltaic inverter according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a calibration device for a photovoltaic inverter according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of another calibration device for a photovoltaic inverter according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a photovoltaic inverter provided by an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 14 is a flowchart of a driving method of a photovoltaic inverter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a calibration method for a photovoltaic inverter, which is mainly an online calibration of a grid-connected photovoltaic inverter, that is, a calibration of a photovoltaic inverter currently connected to a power grid, wherein the structure of the photovoltaic inverter is as shown in FIG.
  • a photovoltaic inverter As shown in FIG. 1, at least two power modules are included in the photovoltaic inverter, and one of the power modules serves as a main module, and the other power modules are controlled modules.
  • the main module includes a controller, a power component and a detection loop, wherein the main module can control the driving of the hardware driver in the main module, that is, the power component, and detect the output current of the main module through the detection loop and feedback;
  • the controlled modules 1 to n only include the respective power components, and the controller of the main module controls the driving of the power components in the controlled module.
  • the controller may be a digital signal processing (DSP) or a central processing unit (CPU).
  • the power components can include devices such as switches.
  • the controller issues a control signal, that is, an on-off pulse signal (such as a PWM signal), and the driving circuit converts the signal into a driving power component that can be turned on and off. signal.
  • an optocoupler needs to be connected between the controller and the power component to isolate the strong and weak electricity.
  • Step 101 Detect a first output current of the main module in the photovoltaic inverter, and a second output power of the controlled module.
  • each power module in the PV inverter When the output current of each power module in the PV inverter is detected, it can be detected by a current test device connected to the output of each power module.
  • Step 102 Adjust, according to the first output current and the second output current, an on-off pulse width of the power component in the controlled module, so that the power component in the controlled module is driven according to the adjusted on-off pulse width, and second The output current coincides with the peak of the first output current.
  • a plurality of power modules (including the main module) in the photovoltaic inverter can evenly distribute the total output current, which is mainly reflected in the peak value of the output current of each power module, for example, as shown in FIG. 3, the main module and the controlled
  • the positive half-cycle peak and the negative half-cycle peak of the module's output current are the same, so that the total output current can be evenly distributed.
  • the driving of the corresponding power components in the power modules is consistent, the output current peaks of the power modules can be consistent.
  • the driving of the corresponding power components in the controlled module is adjusted by using the main module as a standard.
  • the driving of the power components in the plurality of controlled modules is consistent with the driving of the corresponding power components in the main module.
  • a control signal such as a PWM signal is sent by the controller in the main module, and the control circuit converts the control signal into a signal for turning on and off the corresponding power component in each power module, Specifically, when the driving of the power component of the controlled module is adjusted, the on-off pulse width of the power component in the controlled module, that is, the pulse width of the turn-on and turn-off, may be adjusted.
  • an on-off pulse width compensation module may be connected between the controller of the main module and the power component of the controlled module for compensating the on-off pulse width of the control signal sent by the controller, wherein
  • the compensation module can be a logic device such as a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), a Complex Programmable Logic Device (CPLD), or the like.
  • FPGA Field-Programmable Gate Array
  • CPLD Complex Programmable Logic Device
  • the user can set the setting parameter through the user interface of the compensation module, and the compensation module calculates the pulse width compensation amount according to the set setting parameter, and the user sets the The setting parameters can be displayed on the display.
  • the pulse width of each switching cycle is reduced by 320 ns.
  • 40ns is the minimum pulse width adjustment capability of the logic device.
  • This value can be preset in a memory. The value can be defined by itself, such as 10ns or 100ns, and the smaller the value, the higher the adjustment accuracy, such as the adjustment accuracy of 10ns. A lot higher than 100ns.
  • first output current and the second output current do not represent the sequential relationship of the output currents, but represent different output currents.
  • the above steps 101 and 102 are based on the main module, and the adjustment of the driving of the power components in one controlled module is performed. The adjustment of the driving of the power components in the other controlled modules is similar, and will not be described herein.
  • Step 103 Store difference information of the adjusted on-off pulse width in step 102 and the current on-off pulse width of the power component in the main module into the photovoltaic inverter.
  • the difference information can be adjusted by the difference between the on-off pulse width and the current on-off pulse width, and the user-set setting parameters mentioned above, or the pulse width compensation amount corresponding to the setting parameter.
  • the difference information is stored in the controlled module, and the driving circuit of the power component in the controlled module compensates the current switching pulse width according to the difference information to drive the power component in the controlled module.
  • the difference between the adjusted on-off pulse width corresponding to each controlled module and the on-off pulse width corresponding to the main module may be stored in the same memory in the photovoltaic inverter respectively.
  • the first and second output currents of the main module and the controlled module in the photovoltaic inverter are respectively detected, and the power components in the controlled module are turned on and off according to the first and second output currents.
  • the pulse width is adjusted such that after the power component in the controlled module is driven according to the adjusted on-off pulse width, the second output current coincides with the peak value of the first output current, and the adjusted on-off pulse width is matched with the main module.
  • the difference information of the current on-off pulse width of the power component is stored in the photovoltaic inverter. This ensures that multiple power modules in the PV inverter can evenly distribute the total output current for current sharing.
  • the power components of the controlled module and the main module are respectively in the two-level photovoltaic inverter.
  • the two switch tubes specifically:
  • the main module includes a controller, and the power components are switch tubes Q11 and Q12, including Huo.
  • the total input of the two-level PV inverter is bus capacitances C1 and C2, and the total output is output I ⁇ N.
  • the controller in the main module needs to control the switch tube Q11 of the main module and the switch tube Q21 of the controlled module through the control terminals g11 and g21, respectively, so that the switch tubes Q11 and Q21 are turned on and off uniformly;
  • the control terminals gl2 and g22 respectively control the opening and closing of the switching tube Q12 of the main module and the switching tube Q22 of the controlled module, so that the switching tubes Q12 and Q22 are turned on and off.
  • the output currents of the main module and the controlled module can evenly distribute the total output current, specifically, the peak currents flowing through the inductor L1 and the inductor L2 are identical.
  • the unipolar correction is more effective, and the unipolar control wave is taken as an example.
  • the switch Q11 is high.
  • the switch Q12 is normally off; the switch Q12 is turned on and off at a high frequency during the negative half cycle of the voltage, that is, the high-frequency switch is turned on for the switch Q12, the switch tube Q11 is always off.
  • the two-level photovoltaic inverter In the two-level photovoltaic inverter:
  • the output current i (ie, the inductor current) of the two-level PV inverter is greater than 0 and the output voltage is greater than 0 (ie, 1>0, U>0), and the controller controls the switching transistors Q11 and Q21 to be turned on.
  • the paths through which the current mainly flows are Ql 1 L1 and Q21 L2.
  • the output current i (ie, the inductor current) of the two-level PV inverter is less than 0 and the output voltage is less than 0 (ie, 1 ⁇ 0, U ⁇ 0), the controller controls the switches Q12 and Q22 to conduct, In this case, the paths through which the current mainly flows are L1 Q12 and L2 Q22.
  • the driving difference of the driving circuit to the switching transistors Q11 and Q21 will affect the positive half cycle of the output current of the main module and the controlled module.
  • the peak value, and the driving difference of the driving circuit to the switching transistors Q12 and Q22 affects the peak value of the negative half cycle of the output current of the main module and the controlled module.
  • the on-off pulse width of the power component in the controlled module included in the two-level photovoltaic inverter can be adjusted by the following method:
  • A1 Adjust the power factor of the two-level PV inverter to 1.
  • the power factor of 1 means that there is no phase difference between the output current and the output voltage.
  • the specific adjustment it can be realized by software running on the controller, or by an adjustment circuit between the controller and the detection circuit. specifically:
  • a structure as shown in FIG. 6 may be connected between the controller and the detection circuit, mainly including a difference unit and a regulator.
  • the detection circuit detects the output current/voltage
  • the feedback amount is transmitted to the difference unit, wherein the feedback amount
  • the instantaneous value of the current/voltage, including the phase and the amplitude; the difference between the feedback amount and the given amount given by the controller is made by the difference unit, wherein the given amount includes the phase and the amplitude correspondingly; Phase and amplitude current/voltage. This allows adjustment of the voltage and current phases to adjust the power factor in the circuit.
  • the switch Q21 (or Q22)
  • the setting parameter corresponds to the pulse width compensation amount superimposed on the current on-off pulse width to form an adjusted on-off pulse width.
  • the controller issues a control signal
  • the switch Q11 (or Q12) in the main module is turned on and off according to the on-off pulse width in the control signal, and the controlled module
  • the switch Q21 (or Q22) is turned on and off according to the adjusted on-off pulse width during each switching cycle.
  • the above step B1 may be performed before step C1 or after step C1.
  • the difference information corresponding to each controlled module may be stored in a different address space of the same memory in the photovoltaic inverter, or stored in a respective memory in each controlled module.
  • the driving of the two switching tubes in the controlled module included in the two-level photovoltaic inverter is independently adjusted based on the main module, so that the driving circuit pairs the controlled module and the main The driving of the corresponding power components in the module is consistent, achieving current sharing.
  • the above calibration method is applicable to both three-phase and single-phase two-level photovoltaic inverters.
  • a single-phase two-level photovoltaic inverter is taken as an example, and the two-phase two-level inverse is applied.
  • the correction of the transformer is similar to the correction of the single-phase two-level photovoltaic inverter, and will not be described here.
  • the following describes the correction method of the embodiment of the present invention by taking the online correction of the three-level photovoltaic inverter as an example.
  • the power components of the controlled module and the main module are respectively in the three-level photovoltaic inverter.
  • the main module includes a controller (not shown in FIG. 7), and the power components include The switch tubes Ql 1 to Q14 and the two diodes D1 1 and D12 connected in the same direction, including the detection circuit of the Hall element HI, and the output circuit, that is, the inductor L1; and the power module including the switch tubes Q21 to Q24 in the controlled module and Two diodes D21 and D22 connected in the same direction, and an output circuit, that is, an inductor L2.
  • the total input of the three-level PV inverter is bus capacitances C1 and C2, and the total output is output I ⁇ PN. These components are all important components in a three-level photovoltaic inverter. Other components such as an optocoupler connected between the controller and the switch tube are included in the three-level photovoltaic inverter. The feedback circuit and the like between the elements HI are not shown in FIG.
  • the controller in the main module needs to control the switch tube Q11 of the main module and the switch tube Q21 of the controlled module through the control terminals g11 and g21, respectively, so that the switch tubes Q11 and Q21 are turned on and off uniformly;
  • the control terminals gl2 and g22 respectively control the switch tube Q12 of the main module and the switch tube Q22 of the controlled module, so that the switch tubes Q12 and Q22 are turned on and off uniformly; through the control terminals gl3 and g23 Do not control the switch module Q13 of the main module and the switch tube Q23 of the controlled module, so that the switch tubes Q13 and Q23 are turned on and off uniformly;
  • the switch terminals Q14 and controlled modules of the main module are controlled by the control terminals gl4 and g24, respectively.
  • the switch tube Q24 makes the switching tubes Q14 and Q24 open and close. In this way, the respective output currents of the main module and the controlled module can evenly distribute the total output current, and specifically, the peak values of the current flowing through the inductor L1 and the inductor L2 are identical.
  • the switch tubes Q11 and Q13 are complementary, that is, when the controller controls one of the switch tubes to be turned on, it is necessary to control the other switch tube to be turned off, and the switch tubes Q12 and Q14 are complementary;
  • the switch tubes Q21 and Q23 are complementary, and the switch tubes Q22 and Q24 are complementary.
  • the controller controls the switching transistors Q12 and Q22 to be turned on.
  • the path through which the current mainly flows is D11 - Q12 - L1 and D22 - Q22 - L2.
  • the controller passes the control switch Q13 and Q23 is turned on.
  • the paths through which the current mainly flows are L1 - Q13 - D 12 and L21 - Q23 - D22.
  • the controller passes the control switch Q13, Q14 and Q23, Q24 are turned on.
  • the path through which the current mainly flows is LI-Q13-Q14 and L2-Q23-Q24.
  • the driving difference of the driving circuit to the switching transistors Q12 and Q22 will affect the peak value of the positive half cycle of the output current of the main module and the controlled module. , also affects the positive half-cycle effective value; and since the switching tubes Q12 and Q22 are normally open in the positive half cycle, in the second interval, although the current flows through the switching tubes Q12 and Q22, only the driving circuit pairs the switching tube Q 11
  • the difference in driving with Q21 will affect the peak value of the positive half cycle of the output current of the main module and the controlled module, and will also affect the positive value of the positive half cycle.
  • the driving difference of the driving circuit to the switching transistors Q13 and Q23 will affect the peak of the negative half cycle of the output current of the main module and the controlled module.
  • the value also affects the negative half-cycle effective value; and since the switching transistors Q13 and Q23 are normally open in the negative half cycle, in the fourth interval, although the current flows through the switching transistors Q13 and Q23, only the driving circuit pairs the switching transistor Q14
  • the difference in driving with Q24 will affect the peak value of the negative half cycle of the output current of the main module and the controlled module, and will also affect the negative half cycle effective value.
  • the on-off pulse width of the power component in the controlled module included in the three-level photovoltaic inverter can be adjusted by the following method:
  • A2 Adjust the power factor of the three-level PV inverter to 1.
  • the power factor is 1 means that the output current (ie, the inductor current) and the output voltage have no phase difference.
  • the specific adjustment it can be realized by software running on the controller, or by the controller and the detection circuit. Adjustment circuit implementation. In this case, the relationship between the output current and the voltage of the three-level photovoltaic inverter can only occur in the second and fourth intervals described above.
  • the switch tube Q21 (or Q24) can be realized by adding a logic device between the controller and the control terminal g21 (or g24) of the switch tube Q21 (or Q24), that is, inputting a setting parameter in the logic device, and the logic device according to the input
  • the setting parameter calculates the pulse width compensation amount and superimposes it on the current on-off pulse width to form an adjusted on-off pulse width. Therefore, when the controller issues a control signal, the switch tube Q11 (or Q24) in the main module is turned on and off according to the on-off pulse width in the control signal, and the switch tube Q21 (or Q24) in the controlled module. Turn-on and turn-off are performed according to the adjusted on-off pulse width during each switching cycle.
  • step B2 may be performed before step C2 or after step C2.
  • steps A2 to C2 it is necessary to store the difference between the first on-off pulse width and the fourth on-off pulse width adjusted by the controlled module and the current on-off pulse width of the main module to the photovoltaic inverter.
  • the difference information corresponding to each controlled module may be stored in different address spaces of the same memory in the photovoltaic inverter, or separately stored in respective memories in the respective controlled modules.
  • the power factor adjustment to the preset value advance refers to the value of the output current phase leading the output voltage phase preset, for example, a value between 0 and 0.8, and in the specific adjustment, the software can be run on the controller. This can also be achieved by an adjustment circuit between the controller and the detection loop. As shown in FIG. 9, when the power factor is ahead of the preset value, according to the relationship between the current i and the voltage U, it can be divided into four sections, that is, the first section to the fourth section.
  • the first in the controlled module is complementary to the fourth switch Q24.
  • the second on-off pulse width of the second switch tube Q22 is adjusted such that the second output current coincides with the positive half-cycle peak of the first output current, specifically, the positive half-cycle effective value is consistent, wherein the second switch tube Q22 is in the positive half cycle Pass, and high frequency turn-on and turn-off in the negative half cycle of the voltage.
  • the first output current and the second output current are detected by the current testing device at a negative half cycle of the current, that is, the currents on the inductors L1 and L2 are in a negative half cycle, and the first module in the controlled module is complementary to the first switching transistor Q21.
  • the third on-off pulse width of the three-switching tube Q23 is adjusted such that the second output current coincides with the negative half-cycle peak of the first output current, specifically, the negative half-cycle effective value is consistent, wherein the third switching transistor Q23 is at a negative voltage half-cycle. Pass, and high frequency turn-on and turn-off in the positive half cycle of the voltage.
  • the switch tube Q12 (or Q23) in the main module is turned on and off according to the on-off pulse width in the control signal, and the switch tube Q22 (or Q23) in the controlled module. Turn-on and turn-off are performed according to the adjusted on-off pulse width during each switching cycle.
  • step E2 may be performed before step F2 or after step F2.
  • the second on-off pulse width and the third on-off which are adjusted after the controlled module are required
  • the difference between the pulse width and the current on-off pulse width of the main module is stored in the photovoltaic inverter.
  • the difference information corresponding to each controlled module can be stored in a different address of the same memory in the photovoltaic inverter. Space, or separately stored in their respective memories in each controlled module.
  • the driving of the four switching tubes in the controlled module included in the three-level photovoltaic inverter is independently adjusted based on the main module, so that the driving circuit is controlled to the controlled module and the main module.
  • the driving of the corresponding power components is consistent, and current sharing is achieved.
  • the above correction method is applicable to the three-phase and single-phase three-level photovoltaic inverters.
  • a single-phase three-level photovoltaic inverter is taken as an example, and the three-phase three-phase inverse is applied.
  • the correction of the transformer is similar to the correction of the single-phase three-level photovoltaic inverter, and will not be described here.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a calibration device for a photovoltaic inverter.
  • the structure diagram is shown in FIG. 10, and includes:
  • a detecting unit 10 configured to detect a first output current of the main module in the photovoltaic inverter, and a second output current of the controlled module
  • the adjusting unit 20 is configured to adjust an on-off pulse width of the power component in the controlled module according to the first output current and the second output current detected by the detecting unit, so that the power component in the controlled module is configured according to After the adjusted on-off pulse width is driven, the second output current is consistent with a peak value of the first output current;
  • the storage unit 30 is configured to store difference information of the on-off pulse width adjusted by the adjustment unit 20 and the current on-off pulse width of the power component in the main module into the photovoltaic inverter.
  • the storage unit 30 may store the difference between the adjusted on-off pulse width corresponding to each controlled module and the on-off pulse width corresponding to the main module in different address spaces in the same memory in the photovoltaic inverter; or They are stored in their respective corresponding memories in each controlled module.
  • the detecting unit 10 respectively detects the first and second output currents of the main module and the controlled module in the photovoltaic inverter, and the controlled power source 20 controls the controlled module according to the first and second output currents.
  • the on-off pulse width of the medium power component is adjusted such that after the power component in the controlled module is driven according to the adjusted on-off pulse width, the second output current coincides with the peak value of the first output current, and is adjusted by the storage unit 20.
  • the difference between the subsequent on-off pulse width and the current on-off pulse width of the power component in the main module is stored in the photovoltaic inverter. This ensures that multiple power modules in the PV inverter can evenly distribute the total output current to achieve current sharing.
  • the adjusting unit 20 of the calibration device of the photovoltaic inverter of the embodiment of the present invention may include a setting unit 201, a display unit 202, a controller 203, and a programmable logic device 204, where:
  • the setting unit 201 is configured to set a setting parameter, for example, a value between -10 and 10, and the setting unit 201 can be a user interface, and the user can input the same to the correcting device by the setting unit 201.
  • Setting parameters for example, a value between -10 and 10.
  • the display unit 202 is configured to display setting parameters set by the setting unit 201.
  • the controller 203 can be a DSP or a CPU for issuing control signals to control driving of the power modules in the main module and the controlled module.
  • the programmable logic device 204 which may be an FPGA or a CPLD, is configured to adjust the on-off pulse width of the power component in the controlled module, so that the power component in the controlled module is driven according to the adjusted on-off pulse width Thereafter, the second output current coincides with a peak of the first output current.
  • the user can input setting parameters through the setting unit 201, for example, any value between -10 and 10; the storage unit 30 can store the setting parameters to the PV inverse.
  • the device of the embodiment can be prevented from being lost after power-off; and the set parameter is visually displayed for convenience of correction; wherein the setting unit 201 can detect the first output current and the second output detected by the detecting unit 10 Comparison of currents, such as comparison of the effective values of the two output current half cycles, setting appropriate setting parameters;
  • the setting unit 201 can send a preset setting parameter to the controller 203 through a communication protocol with the controller 203, and the controller 203 issues a power component driver for controlling the controlled module.
  • the setting parameters stored in the storage unit 30 are read and transmitted to the programmable logic device 204, so that the programmable logic device 204 calculates a corresponding pulse width compensation amount according to the input setting parameter, and the calculated The pulse width compensation amount is superimposed on the current on-off pulse width to form an adjusted on-off pulse width, and the power component in the controlled module is driven by the adjusted on-off pulse width signal.
  • the programming logic 204 is a device connected between the control terminal of the power component in the controlled module and the controller 203.
  • the current on-off pulse width refers to the pulse width of the control signal (ie, the pulse signal) sent by the controller 203.
  • the programmable logic device 204 calculates the pulse width compensation amount, the set parameter can be multiplied by the pulse width adjustment capability value to obtain a pulse width compensation amount, wherein the pulse width adjustment capability value is a time value of the pulse width.
  • the specific structure of the adjusting unit 20 and FIG. 11 The structure of the adjustment unit 20 is similar in the illustrated embodiment. The difference is: In this embodiment, after the user inputs the setting parameters through the setting unit 201, the programmable logic device 204 directly calculates the corresponding pulse width compensation amount according to the setting parameters. And superimposing the on-off pulse width of the control signal sent by the controller 203 and the calculated pulse width compensation amount to form an adjusted on-off pulse width, and driving the controlled module through the adjusted on-off pulse width signal Power components in .
  • the row calibration is taken as an example to illustrate the structure of the three-level photovoltaic inverter. As shown in FIG. 7 , four power switches are respectively included in the power modules of the main module and the controlled module, and when the adjustment unit 20 performs adjustment, Specifically, it can be adjusted by the following methods:
  • the setting unit 201 in the adjusting unit 20 sets a setting parameter, thereby
  • the first on-off pulse width of the first switch tube of the four switch tubes of the control module is adjusted such that the second output current coincides with the positive half-cycle peak of the first output current, wherein the first switch tube performs high frequency in the positive half cycle of the current Turning on and off; and in the negative half cycle of the first and second output currents detected by the detecting unit 10, the setting unit 201 in the adjusting unit 20 sets another setting parameter, thereby being in the four switching tubes of the controlled module
  • the fourth on-off pulse width of the fourth switch tube is adjusted such that the second output current coincides with the negative half-cycle peak of the first output current, wherein the fourth switch tube performs high-frequency turn-on and turn-off during the negative half-cycle of the current;
  • the setting unit 201 in the adjusting unit 20 sets another setting parameter, thereby The second on-off pulse width of the second switch tube of the four switch tubes of the control module is adjusted such that the second output current coincides with the positive half-cycle peak of the first output current, wherein the second switch tube is always open during the positive half cycle of the voltage.
  • the setting unit 201 in the adjusting unit 20 sets another setting parameter, thereby the four controlled modules
  • the third on-off pulse width of the third switch tube in the switch tube is adjusted such that the second output current coincides with the negative half-cycle peak of the first output current, wherein the third switch tube is normally open during the negative half-cycle of the voltage, and is in the positive half cycle of the voltage Perform high frequency turn-on and turn-off;
  • the storage unit 30 stores the four setting parameters set by the setting unit 201 corresponding to the four switch tubes into the photovoltaic inverter.
  • the row calibration is taken as an example to illustrate the structure of the two-level photovoltaic inverter.
  • two power switches are respectively included in the power modules of the main module and the controlled module, and when the adjustment unit 20 performs adjustment, Specifically, it can be adjusted by the following methods:
  • the setting unit 201 in the adjusting unit 20 sets a setting parameter, thereby
  • the first on-off pulse width of the first switch tube of the two switch tubes of the control module is adjusted such that the second output current coincides with the positive half-cycle peak of the first output current, wherein the first switch tube performs high frequency in the positive half cycle of the current Turning on and off; and in the negative half cycle of the first and second output currents detected by the detecting unit 10, the setting unit 201 in the adjusting unit 20 sets another setting parameter, thereby being in the two switching tubes of the controlled module
  • the second on-off pulse width of the second switch tube is adjusted such that the second output current coincides with the negative half-cycle peak of the first output current, wherein the second switch tube performs high-frequency turn-on and turn-off during the negative half-cycle of the current;
  • the storage unit 30 stores the two setting parameters of the setting unit 201 corresponding to the two switching tubes to the photovoltaic inverter.
  • the storage module 60, the main module 40 and the at least one controlled module 50 (in FIG. 13
  • the controlled module is taken as an example.
  • the main module 40 includes a controller 401, a power component 402 and a driving circuit 403 thereof.
  • the controlled module 50 includes a power component 502 and a driving circuit 503 thereof, wherein:
  • a controller 401 configured to send a control signal for controlling driving of the power components in the main module 40 and the controlled module 50;
  • the driving circuit 403 is configured to drive the power component 402 in the main module 40 according to the on-off pulse width of the control signal sent by the controller 401;
  • the drive circuit 403 can convert the control signal from the controller 401 into a signal that can drive the power component 402 to be turned off or on during a particular drive process.
  • the driving circuit 503 is configured to acquire difference information stored in the storage module 30 of the photovoltaic inverter, and compensate the on-off pulse width of the control signal according to the difference information, according to the compensated on-off pulse width
  • the power component 502 of the controlled module 50 is driven; the difference information is the difference between the on-off pulse width of the power component 502 in the controlled module 50 and the on-off pulse width of the control signal.
  • the storage module 60 is configured to store difference information of the on-off pulse width corresponding to the main module corresponding to the on-off pulse width of each controlled module.
  • a storage module 60 (shown in FIG. 13) stores the difference information corresponding to the controlled module 50.
  • the difference information may be a setting parameter preset by the user, or a pulse width compensation amount corresponding to the setting parameter.
  • the driving circuit 503 can be specifically implemented by the superimposing unit and the driving unit, specifically:
  • a superimposing unit configured to: when the acquired difference information is a setting parameter preset by a user, calculate a corresponding pulse width compensation amount according to the preset setting parameter, and superimpose the pulse width compensation amount on the control signal A new on-off pulse width is formed after the pulse width is turned on; and a driving unit is configured to drive the power component 502 in the controlled module 50 according to a new on-off pulse width formed by the superimposing unit.
  • the photovoltaic inverter of this embodiment can perform the driving of the photovoltaic inverter according to the following steps, including:
  • Step 701 the controller 401 in the main mode, 40 issues a control signal for controlling the driving of the power components in the main module 40 and the controlled module 50.
  • Step 702 the driving circuit 403 of the power component 402 in the main module 40 drives the power component 403 in the main module 40 according to the on-off pulse width of the control signal.
  • Step 703 the driving circuit 503 of the power component 502 of the controlled module 50 acquires the difference information stored in the storage module 60 of the photovoltaic inverter, and compensates the on-off pulse width of the control signal according to the difference information, according to the compensated The on-off pulse width drives the power component 502 in the controlled module 50.
  • the difference information here is the difference information between the on-off pulse width of the power component 502 in the controlled module 50 and the on-off pulse width of the power component in the main module, which may be a preset parameter set by the user, or a corresponding parameter setting parameter.
  • the pulse width compensation amount if the difference information is the setting parameter, in the specific driving process, the driving circuit 503 calculates the pulse width compensation amount according to the difference parameter, and superimposes the pulse width compensation amount on the switching pulse width of the control signal. After the formation of a new on-off pulse width, and according to the new on-off pulse width to the controlled module 50 Rate group 502 pieces are driven.
  • the calibration device of the photovoltaic inverter of the embodiment of the present invention uses the main module in the photovoltaic inverter as a reference, the driving of the power component in each controlled module is corrected, and the correction amount is stored in the storage module.
  • the driving circuit of the power component in the controlled module reads the difference information stored in the storage module, and compensates according to the difference information and the on-off pulse width of the control signal sent by the controller, according to the compensation
  • the on-off pulse width drives the power components in the controlled module, so that the driving of each power component is consistent, and the total output current can be evenly distributed to achieve current sharing.

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Abstract

一种光伏逆变器的校正、驱动方法及装置,应用于电子信息技术领域。该光伏逆变器的校正方法包括:检测光伏逆变器中主模块和受控模块的第一输出电流和第二输出电流,并根据第一输出电流和第二输出电流,对受控模块中功率组件的通断脉宽进行调节,使得受控模块中功率组件按照调节后的通断脉宽进行驱动后,第二输出电流与第一输出电流的峰值一致,并将调节后的通断脉宽与主模块中功率组件的当前通断脉宽的差别信息储存到光伏逆变器中。从而保证光伏逆变器中的多个功率模块能够平均分配输出总电流,实现电流均流。

Description

光伏逆变器的校正、 驱动方法及装置
技术领域
本发明涉及电子电力技术领域,特别涉及光伏逆变器的校正、驱动方法及 装置。
背景技术
在光伏逆变技术领域中, 并网光伏逆变器普遍采用多电平的拓朴结构, 具有效率高的特点。一般情况下光伏逆变器会采用模块化设计,使得光伏逆变 器的功率配置灵活且维修方便。
现有的一种光伏逆变器主要包括至少两个功率模块, 其中一个功率模块 为主模块, 其它功率模块都为受控模块。主模块具体包括控制器比如数字信号 处理器( Digital Signal Processing, DSP )、 功率组件和检测回路比如霍尔元件, 该主模块中可以通过控制器来控制该主模块中的硬件驱动即功率组件的驱动, 并通过检测回路检测该主模块的输出电流并反馈;而受控模块只包括各自的功 率组件 , 并由主模块的控制器来控制受控模块中功率组件的驱动。
上述现有光伏逆变器的设计需要保证受控模块与主模块中功率组件的驱 动没有差异, 才能使得光伏逆变器中的多个功率模块能够平均分配总输出电 流, 实现电流均流。 但是在实际的电路中, 由于各个功率模块间的硬件驱动电 路(即功率组件的驱动电路)存在一定的差异, 比如各个功率模块的驱动电路 中光耦存在一定差异, 会影响功率组件的驱动信号即脉沖宽度调制 (Pulse Width Modulation, PWM )信号的宽度, 最终导致光伏逆变器中各个功率模块 之间出现电流的不均流现象。
发明内容
本发明实施例提供光伏逆变器的校正、驱动方法及装置, 实现光伏逆变器 中各个功率模块的电流均流。
本发明实施例提供一种光伏逆变器的校正方法, 包括:
检测所述光伏逆变器中主模块的第一输出电流,和受控模块的第二输出电 流;
根据所述第一输出电流和第二输出电流,对所述受控模块中功率组件的通 断脉宽进行调节,使得所述受控模块中功率组件按照所述调节后的通断脉宽进 行驱动后, 所述第二输出电流与第一输出电流的峰值一致;
将所述调节后的通断脉宽与主模块中功率组件的当前通断脉宽的差别信 息储存到所述光伏逆变器中。
本发明实施例还提供一种光伏逆变器的驱动方法,应用于包括一个主模块 和至少一个受控模块的光伏逆变器中, 所述方法包括:
主模块中的控制器发出控制信号,所述控制信号用于控制主模块和受控模 块中功率组件的驱动;
所述主模块中功率组件的驱动电路按照所述控制信号的通断脉宽对所述 主模块中功率组件进行驱动;
所述受控模块中功率组件的驱动电路获取所述光伏逆变器中储存的差别 信息, 并根据所述差别信息对所述控制信号的通断脉宽进行补偿后,按照所述 补偿后的通断脉宽对所述受控模块中功率组件进行驱动;所述差别信息是对受 控模块中功率组件的通断脉宽与主模块中功率组件的通断脉宽之间的差别信 息。
本发明实施例提供一种光伏逆变器的校正装置, 包括:
检测单元, 用于检测所述光伏逆变器中主模块的第一输出电流, 和受控模 块的第二输出电流;
调节单元, 用于根据所述检测单元检测的第一输出电流和第二输出电流, 对所述受控模块中功率组件的通断脉宽进行调节,使得所述受控模块中功率组 件按照所述调节后的通断脉宽进行驱动后,所述第二输出电流与第一输出电流 的峰值一致;
储存单元,用于将所述调节单元调节后的通断脉宽与主模块中功率组件的 当前通断脉宽的差别信息储存到所述光伏逆变器中。
本发明实施例还提供一种光伏逆变器, 包括: 储存模块, 主模块和至少一 个受控模块, 所述主模块中包括控制器、 功率组件及其驱动电路, 所述受控模 块包括功率组件及其驱动电路;
所述控制器, 用于发出的控制信号, 所述控制信号用于控制主模块和受控 模块中功率组件的驱动;
所述主模块中功率组件的驱动电路,用于按照所述控制信号的通断脉宽对 所述主模块中功率组件进行驱动;
所述受控模块中功率组件的驱动电路,用于获取所述光伏逆变器中储存的 差别信息, 并根据所述差别信息对所述控制信号的通断脉宽进行补偿后,按照 所述补偿后的通断脉宽对所述受控模块中功率组件进行驱动;所述差别信息是 对受控模块中功率组件的通断脉宽与主模块中功率组件的通断脉宽的差别信 息;
所述储存模块,用于储存每个受控模块对应的通断脉宽分别与主模块对应 的通断脉宽的差别信息。
本发明实施例中分别检测到光伏逆变器中主模块和受控模块的第一和第 二输出电流, 并根据第一和第二输出电流,对受控模块中功率组件的通断脉宽 进行调节,使得受控模块中功率组件按照调节后的通断脉宽进行驱动后, 第二 输出电流与第一输出电流的峰值一致,并将调节后的通断脉宽与主模块中功率 组件的当前通断脉宽的差别信息储存到光伏逆变器中。这样就能保证光伏逆变 器中的多个功率模块能够平均分配输出总电流, 实现电流均流。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施 例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作筒单地介绍,显而易见地, 下面描述 中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例, 对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付 出创造性劳动性的前提下, 还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图 1是本发明实施例提供的一种光伏逆变器的结构示意图;
图 2是本发明实施例提供的一种光伏逆变器的校正方法流程图;
图 3是本发明实施例中各个功率模块的输出电流及输出总电流的示意图; 图 4是本发明实施例中二电平光伏逆变器的结构示意图;
图 5是本发明实施例提供的对二电平光伏逆变器包括的受控模块中功率组 件的驱动进行调节的流程图;
图 6是本发明实施例中进行功率因数调节的结构图;
图 7是本发明实施例中三电平光伏逆变器的结构示意图;
图 8是本发明实施例中注入三电平光伏逆变器的电流和电压的关系结构示 意图; 图 9是本发明实施例提供的对三电平光伏逆变器包括的受控模块中功率组 件的驱动进行调节的流程图;
图 10是本发明实施例提供的一种光伏逆变器的校正装置的结构示意图; 图 11是本发明实施例提供的另一种光伏逆变器的校正装置的结构示意图; 图 12是本发明实施例提供的另一种光伏逆变器的校正装置的结构示意图; 图 13是本发明实施例提供的一种光伏逆变器的结构示意图;
图 14是本发明实施例提供的一种光伏逆变器的驱动方法流程图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清 楚、 完整地描述, 显然, 所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例, 而不是 全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例, 本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造 性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例, 都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明实施例提供一种光伏逆变器的校正方法,主要是并网光伏逆变器的 在线校正, 即对当前接入电网的光伏逆变器的校正, 其中光伏逆变器的结构如 图 1所示, 在该光伏逆变器中包括至少两个功率模块, 而其中一个功率模块作 为主模块, 其它功率模块都为受控模块。 其中主模块包括控制器、 功率组件和 检测回路,该主模块中可以通过控制器来控制该主模块中的硬件驱动即功率组 件的驱动, 并通过检测回路检测该主模块的输出电流并反馈; 而受控模块 1到 n 只包括各自的功率组件,并由主模块的控制器来控制受控模块中功率组件的驱 动。 其中控制器可以是数字信号处理器(Digital Signal Processing, DSP ), 也 可以是中央处理器(Central Processing Unit, CPU )等。 这里功率组件可以包 括开关管等器件。
可以理解,控制器在控制功率组件的驱动的过程中,控制器发出控制信号 即通断脉沖信号(比如 PWM信号 ), 并由驱动电路将该信号转化为能够驱动功 率组件导通和关断的信号。其中在控制器和功率组件之间需要连接光耦, 进行 强电和弱电的隔离。
为了使得光伏逆变器中的多个功率模块(包括主模块)能够平均分配总输 出电流, 实现电流均流, 需要对光伏逆变器中功率组件的驱动进行校正, 使得 各个功率模块(包括主模块)中相应硬件的驱动无差异, 具体地, 可以通过如 下方法进行校正, 流程图如图 2所示:
步骤 101 , 检测光伏逆变器中主模块的第一输出电流, 和受控模块的第二 输出电 ¾ϊ。
在对光伏逆变器中各个功率模块的输出电流进行检测时,可以通过连接在 各个功率模块输出端的电流测试设备来进行检测。
步骤 102, 根据第一输出电流和第二输出电流, 对受控模块中功率组件的 通断脉宽进行调节,使得受控模块中功率组件按照调节后的通断脉宽进行驱动 后, 第二输出电流与第一输出电流的峰值一致。
可以理解, 光伏逆变器中的多个功率模块(包括主模块)能够平均分配输 出总电流, 主要是体现在各个功率模块的输出电流的峰值一致, 例如图 3所示, 主模块和受控模块的输出电流的正半周峰值和负半周峰值都相同,这样就可以 平均分配输出总电流。 而对各个功率模块中相应功率组件的驱动一致时, 才能 保证各个功率模块的输出电流峰值一致, 则本实施例中以主模块为标准,对受 控模块中相应功率组件的驱动进行调节,使得对多个受控模块中功率组件的驱 动与对主模块中相应功率组件的驱动一致。
由于在功率组件的驱动过程中,是由主模块中的控制器发出控制信号比如 PWM信号, 并由驱动电路将该控制信号转化为各个功率模块中相应功率组件 导通和断开的信号, 则具体在调节受控模块的功率组件的驱动时, 可以调节该 受控模块中功率组件的通断脉宽, 即开通和关断的脉宽。
在具体实现过程中,可以在主模块的控制器和受控模块的功率组件之间连 接一个通断脉宽的补偿模块,用于对控制器发出的控制信号的通断脉宽进行补 偿, 其中补偿模块可以是逻辑器件比如现场可编程门阵列 ( Field - Programmable Gate Array , FPGA ) , 复杂可编程逻辑器件 ( Complex Programmable Logic Device, CPLD )等。 在具体的补偿过程中, 需要将获取到 的脉宽补偿量输入到补偿模块中,并将输入的脉宽补偿量叠加到控制信号的当 前通断脉宽形成调节后的通断脉宽,并通过调节后的通断脉宽来控制功率组件 的导通和断开。其中为了方便对功率组件的通断脉宽进行调节, 用户可以通过 该补偿模块的用户接口设定设置参数,则该补偿模块会根据设定的设置参数计 算脉宽补偿量, 且用户设定的设置参数可以通过显示器进行显示。 比如设定的设置参数为 _ 8, 则补偿模块即逻辑器件计算该设置参数对应 脉宽补偿量为 -40ns*8=-320ns, 并将该脉宽补偿量叠加到当前脉宽, 则功率组 件的每个开关周期的脉宽减小 320ns。 其中 40ns为该逻辑器件的最小脉宽调节 能力,这个值可以预置在一个存储器中,该值可以自己定义,如 10ns或者 100ns, 且该值越小调节精度越高, 如 10ns的调节精度要比 100ns高很多。
需要说明的是,上述第一输出电流和第二输出电流并不表示输出电流的顺 序关系, 而是表示不同的输出电流。 且上述步骤 101和 102是以主模块为基准, 对一个受控模块中功率组件的驱动进行的调节,对其它受控模块中功率组件的 驱动进行的调节类似, 在此不进行赘述。
且由于半周期有效值和峰值成一定比例的, 且半周期有效值比较容易获 取, 上述在保证第二输出电流和第一输出电流的峰值一致时, 具体可以通过保 证两个输出电流的正、 负半周期有效值一致来实现。
步骤 103 ,将步骤 102中调节后的通断脉宽与主模块中功率组件的当前通断 脉宽的差别信息储存到光伏逆变器中。
这里差别信息可以调节后的通断脉宽与当前通断脉宽之差,还可以上述提 到的用户设定的设置参数, 或设置参数对应的脉宽补偿量等。这样将差别信息 储存到受控模块中,受控模块中功率组件的驱动电路会按照差别信息对当前通 断脉宽进行补偿后, 来驱动受控模块中的功率组件。
且在储存差别信息时, 可以将每个受控模块对应的调节后通断脉宽, 与主 模块对应的通断脉宽的差别信息,分别储存在光伏逆变器中同一个存储器中的 不同地址空间; 或是分别储存在每个受控模块中各自对应的存储器中。
可见,本发明实施例中分别检测到光伏逆变器中主模块和受控模块的第一 和第二输出电流, 并根据第一和第二输出电流,对受控模块中功率组件的通断 脉宽进行调节, 使得受控模块中功率组件按照调节后的通断脉宽进行驱动后, 第二输出电流与第一输出电流的峰值一致,并将调节后的通断脉宽与主模块中 功率组件的当前通断脉宽的差别信息储存到光伏逆变器中。这样就能保证光伏 逆变器中的多个功率模块能够平均分配输出总电流, 实现电流均流。
以下以对二电平光伏逆变器的在线校正为例来说明本发明实施例的校正 方法, 如图 4所示, 在二电平光伏逆变器中受控模块和主模块的功率组件分别 包括两个开关管, 具体地:
以二电平光伏逆变器中包括两个功率模块为例说明, 其中一个为主模块, 另一个为受控模块, 在主模块中包括控制器, 功率组件即开关管 Q11和 Q12, 包括霍尔元件 HI的检测回路, 及输出电路即电感 L1 ; 在受控模块中包括功率 组件即开关管 Q21和 Q22, 及输出电路即电感 L2。 该二电平光伏逆变器的总输 入端为母线电容 C1和 C2, 总输出端为输出端 I^^N。 上述这些组成部件都是二 电平光伏逆变器中的重要组成部分,在二电平光伏逆变器中还包括其它器件如 在控制器与开关管之间连接的光耦, 控制器与霍尔元件 HI之间的反馈电路等 都没有在图 4中画出。
可以理解,在主模块中的控制器需要通过控制端 gll和 g21分别控制开主模 块的开关管 Q11和受控模块的开关管 Q21 ,使得开关管 Q11和 Q21的开通和关断 一致; 并通过控制端 gl2和 g22分别控制开主模块的开关管 Q12和受控模块的开 关管 Q22, 使得开关管 Q12和 Q22的开通和关断一致。 这样使得主模块和受控 模块各自的输出电流能平均分配输出总电流, 具体地, 体现在电感 L1和电感 L2上流过的电流峰值一致。
需要说明的是, 对于主模块的两个开关管 Q11和 Q12的控制方式可以是单 说采用单极性校正更有效, 以单极性控制发波为例, 在电压正半周开关管 Q11 以高频率开通和关断, 即为开关管 Q11进行高频开关, 开关管 Q12常断; 在电 压负半周开关管 Q12以高频率开通和关断,即为开关管 Q12进行高频开关开通, 开关管 Q11常断。 在该二电平光伏逆变器中:
( 1 ) 二电平光伏逆变器的输出电流 i (即电感电流) 大于 0且输出电压大 于 0 (即1>0, U>0 ), 控制器控制开关管 Q11和 Q21导通, 在这种情况下, 电流 主要流经的路径为 Ql 1 L1和 Q21 L2。
( 2 ) 二电平光伏逆变器的输出电流 i (即电感电流) 小于 0且输出电压小 于 0 (即1<0, U<0 ), 控制器控制开关管 Q12和 Q22导通, 在这种情况下, 电流 主要流经的路径为 L1 Q12和 L2 Q22。
从而得出, 当二电平光伏逆变器的输出电流和输出电压同相位时,驱动电 路对开关管 Q11和 Q21的驱动差异会影响主模块和受控模块的输出电流正半周 的峰值, 而驱动电路对开关管 Q12和 Q22的驱动差异会影响主模块和受控模块 的输出电流负半周的峰值。
则参考图 5所示的流程图, 本实施例中可以通过如下方法对二电平光伏逆 变器所包括的受控模块中功率组件的通断脉宽进行调节:
A1: 将二电平光伏逆变器的功率因数调节为 1。
这里功率因数为 1是指输出电流和输出电压无相位差, 在具体调节时, 可 以通过在控制器上运行的软件来实现,也可以通过在控制器与检测回路之间的 调节电路实现。 具体地:
可以在控制器与检测回路之间连接如图 6所示的结构, 主要包括作差单元 和调节器, 当检测回路检测到输出电流 /电压, 则将反馈量传送给作差单元, 其中反馈量为电流 /电压的瞬时值, 包括相位和幅值; 由作差单元将反馈量和 控制器给定的给定量作差, 其中给定量相应地包括相位和幅值; 最后经过调节 器, 输出一定相位和幅值的电流 /电压。 这样就可以实现对电压和电流相位的 调节, 从而可以调节电路中的功率因数。
B1: 当通过电流测试设备检测到第一输出电流和第二输出电流在电流正 半周时, 即电感 L1和 L2上的电流在正半周, 对受控模块的两个开关管中第一 开关管 Q21的第一通断脉宽进行调节, 使得第二输出电流与第一输出电流的正 半周峰值一致, 具体地为正半周有效值一致, 其中第一开关管 Q21在电流正半 周进行高频开通和关断。
C1: 当通过电流测试设备检测到第一输出电流和第二输出电流在电流负 半周时, 即电感 L1和 L2上的电流在负半周, 对受控模块的两个开关管中第二 开关管 Q22的第二通断脉宽进行调节, 使得第二输出电流与第一输出电流的负 半周峰值一致, 具体地为负半周有效值一致, 其中第二开关管 Q22在电流负半 周进行高频开通和关断。
具体调节时, 可以通过在控制器与开关管 Q21 (或 Q22 )的控制端 g21 (或 g22 )之间增加一个逻辑器件来实现, 即输入该逻辑器件中一个设置参数, 由 该逻辑器件计算输入的设置参数对应脉宽补偿量叠加到当前的通断脉宽上形 成调节后的通断脉宽。 使得当控制器发出控制信号后, 主模块中的开关管 Q11 (或 Q12 )会按照该控制信号中的通断脉宽进行开通和关断, 而受控模块中的 开关管 Q21 (或 Q22 )在每个开关周期都会按照调节后的通断脉宽进行开通和 关断。
且上述步骤 B1可以在步骤 C1之前, 也可以在步骤 C1之后执行。 通过上述 步骤 A1到 C1的调节后, 需要将对受控模块调节后的第一通断脉宽和第二通断 脉宽, 分别与主模块的当前通断脉宽的差别信息储存到光伏逆变器中, 具体地 可以是将每个受控模块对应的差别信息储存到光伏逆变器中同一个存储器的 不同地址空间, 或储存到各个受控模块中各自的存储器中。
且通过上述步骤 A1到 C1 , 以主模块为基准, 对二电平光伏逆变器所包括 的受控模块中的两个开关管的驱动进行独立调节,从而使得驱动电路对受控模 块与主模块中相应功率组件的驱动一致, 实现电流均流。
且上述校正方法对于三相和单相的二电平光伏逆变器都适用,本实施例中 是以单相的二电平光伏逆变器为例说明的,对三相的二电平逆变器的校正与单 相的二电平光伏逆变器的校正类似, 在此不进行赘述。
以下以对三电平光伏逆变器的在线校正为例来说明本发明实施例的校正 方法, 如图 7所示, 在三电平光伏逆变器中受控模块和主模块的功率组件分别 包括四个开关管, 具体地:
以三电平光伏逆变器中包括两个功率模块为例说明, 其中一个为主模块, 另一个为受控模块, 在主模块中包括控制器(图 7中没有画出), 功率组件包括 开关管 Ql 1到 Q14及两个同向连接的二极管 Dl 1和 D12 ,包括霍尔元件 HI的检测 回路,及输出电路即电感 L1;在受控模块中包括功率组件包括开关管 Q21到 Q24 及两个同向连接的二极管 D21和 D22, 及输出电路即电感 L2。 该三电平光伏逆 变器的总输入端为母线电容 C1和 C2, 总输出端为输出端 I^PN。 上述这些组成 部件都是三电平光伏逆变器中的重要组成部分,在三电平光伏逆变器中还包括 其它器件如在控制器与开关管之间连接的光耦, 控制器与霍尔元件 HI之间的 反馈电路等都没有在图 7中画出。
可以理解,在主模块中的控制器需要通过控制端 gll和 g21分别控制开主模 块的开关管 Q11和受控模块的开关管 Q21 ,使得开关管 Q11和 Q21的开通和关断 一致; 并通过控制端 gl2和 g22分别控制开主模块的开关管 Q12和受控模块的开 关管 Q22, 使得开关管 Q12和 Q22的开通和关断一致; 通过控制端 gl3和 g23分 别控制开主模块的开关管 Q13和受控模块的开关管 Q23,使得开关管 Q13和 Q23 的开通和关断一致; 通过控制端 gl4和 g24分别控制开主模块的开关管 Q14和受 控模块的开关管 Q24, 使得开关管 Q14和 Q24的开通和关断一致。 这样使得主 模块和受控模块各自的输出电流能平均分配输出总电流, 具体地,体现在电感 L1和电感 L2上流过的电流峰值一致。
需要说明的是, 对于主模块的四个开关管中, 开关管 Q11和 Q13互补, 即 控制器控制其中一个开关管开通时, 需要控制另一开关管关断, 且开关管 Q12 和 Q14互补; 相应地受控模块中四个开关管中, 开关管 Q21和 Q23互补, 且开 关管 Q22和 Q24互补。 在该三电平光伏逆变器中:
( 1 )三电平光伏逆变器的输出电流 i大于 0且输出电压小于 0 (即1>0, U<0 ) 时, 即在第一区间时, 控制器控制开关管 Q12和 Q22导通, 在这种情况下, 电 流主要流经的路径为 Dll— Q12— L1和 D22— Q22— L2。
( 2 ) 当三电平光伏逆变器的输出电流 i大于 0且输出电压大于 0 (即 i>0, U>0 ) 时, 即在第二区间时, 控制器是通过控制开关管 Qll、 Q12和 Q21、 Q22 导通, 在这种情况下, 电流主要流经的路径为 Qll— Q12— L1和 Q21— Q22— L2。
( 3 ) 当三电平光伏逆变器的输出电流 i小于 0且输出电压大于 0 (即 i<0, U>0 ) 时, 即在第三区间时, 控制器是通过控制开关管 Q13和 Q23导通, 在这 种情况下, 电流主要流经的路径为 L1— Q13— D 12和 L21-Q23-D22。
( 4 ) 当三电平光伏逆变器的输出电流 i小于 0且输出电压小于 0 (即 i<0, U<0 ) 时, 即在第四区间时, 控制器是通过控制开关管 Q13、 Q14和 Q23、 Q24 导通, 在这种情况下, 电流主要流经的路径为 LI— Q13— Q14和 L2— Q23— Q24。
从而得出, 当三电平光伏逆变器在电流正半周时, 如果在第一区间, 驱 动电路对开关管 Q12和 Q22的驱动差异会影响主模块和受控模块的输出电流正 半周的峰值, 也会影响正半周有效值; 而由于开关管 Q12和 Q22在正半周是常 通的, 因此在第二区间, 虽然电流流经了开关管 Q12和 Q22, 但是只有驱动电 路对开关管 Q 11和 Q21的驱动差异才会影响主模块和受控模块的输出电流正半 周的峰值, 也会影响正半周有效值。
当三电平光伏逆变器在电流负半周时, 如果在第三区间, 驱动电路对开 关管 Q13和 Q23的驱动差异会影响主模块和受控模块的输出电流负半周的峰 值, 也会影响负半周有效值; 而由于开关管 Q13和 Q23在负半周是常通的, 因 此在第四区间, 虽然电流流经了开关管 Q13和 Q23, 但是只有驱动电路对开关 管 Q14和 Q24的驱动差异才会影响主模块和受控模块的输出电流负半周的峰 值, 也会影响负半周有效值。
则参考图 8所示的流程图, 本实施例中可以通过如下方法对三电平光伏逆 变器所包括的受控模块中功率组件的通断脉宽进行调节:
A2: 将三电平光伏逆变器的功率因数调节为 1。
这里功率因数为 1是指输出电流(即电感电流)和输出电压无相位差, 在 具体调节时, 可以通过在控制器上运行的软件来实现,也可以通过在控制器与 检测回路之间的调节电路实现。这种情况下, 三电平光伏逆变器的输出电流和 电压的关系只能出现在上述的第二和第四区间。
B2: 当通过电流测试设备检测到第一输出电流和第二输出电流在电流正 半周时, 即电感 L1和 L2上的电流在正半周, 对受控模块的第四开关管中第一 开关管 Q21的第一通断脉宽进行调节, 使得第二输出电流与第一输出电流的正 半周峰值一致, 具体地为正半周有效值一致, 其中第一开关管 Q21在电流正半 周进行高频开通和关断。
C2: 当通过电流测试设备检测到第一输出电流和第二输出电流在电流负 半周时, 即电感 L1和 L2上的电流在负半周, 对受控模块中第四开关管 Q24的第 四通断脉宽进行调节, 使得第二输出电流与第一输出电流的负半周峰值一致, 具体地为负半周有效值一致, 其中第四开关管 Q24在电流负半周进行高频开通 和关断。
具体调节时, 可以通过在控制器与开关管 Q21 (或 Q24 )的控制端 g21 (或 g24 )之间增加一个逻辑器件来实现, 即输入该逻辑器件中一个设置参数, 由 该逻辑器件根据输入的设置参数计算脉宽补偿量并叠加到当前的通断脉宽上 形成调节后的通断脉宽。 使得当控制器发出控制信号后, 主模块中的开关管 Q11 (或 Q24 )会按照该控制信号中的通断脉宽进行开通和关断, 而受控模块 中的开关管 Q21 (或 Q24 )在每个开关周期都会按照调节后的通断脉宽进行开 通和关断。
且上述步骤 B2可以在步骤 C2之前, 也可以在步骤 C2之后执行。 通过上述 步骤 A2到 C2的调节后, 需要将对受控模块调节后的第一通断脉宽和第四通断 脉宽, 分别与主模块的当前通断脉宽的差别信息储存到光伏逆变器中, 具体地 可以将每个受控模块对应的差别信息储存到光伏逆变器中同一个存储器的不 同地址空间, 或分别储存到各个受控模块中各自的存储器中。
D2: 将三电平光伏逆变器的功率因数调节为预置的值超前。
这里功率因数调节为预置的值超前是指输出电流相位超前输出电压相位 预置的值, 比如可以是 0到 0.8之间的一个值, 在具体调节时, 可以通过在控制 器上运行的软件来实现, 也可以通过在控制器与检测回路之间的调节电路实 现。 如图 9所示, 当功率因数为预置的值超前时, 根据电流 i和电压 U的关系, 可以分为四个区间, 即第一区间到第四区间。
E2: 当通过电流测试设备检测到第一输出电流和第二输出电流在电流正 半周时, 即电感 L1和 L2上的电流在正半周, 对受控模块中与第四开关管 Q24 互补的第二开关管 Q22的第二通断脉宽进行调节, 使得第二输出电流与第一输 出电流的正半周峰值一致, 具体地为正半周有效值一致, 其中第二开关管 Q22 在电压正半周常通, 且在电压负半周进行高频开通和关断。
F2:当通过电流测试设备检测到第一输出电流和第二输出电流在电流负半 周时, 即电感 L1和 L2上的电流在负半周, 对受控模块中与第一开关管 Q21互补 的第三开关管 Q23的第三通断脉宽进行调节, 使得第二输出电流与第一输出电 流的负半周峰值一致, 具体地为负半周有效值一致, 其中第三开关管 Q23在电 压负半周常通, 且在电压正半周进行高频开通和关断。
具体调节时, 可以通过在控制器与开关管 Q22 (或 Q23 )的控制端 g22 (或 g23 )之间增加一个逻辑器件来实现, 即输入该逻辑器件中一个设置参数, 由 该逻辑器件根据输入的设置参数计算脉宽补偿量并叠加到当前的通断脉宽上 形成调节后的通断脉宽。 使得当控制器发出控制信号后, 主模块中的开关管 Q12 (或 Q23 )会按照该控制信号中的通断脉宽进行开通和关断, 而受控模块 中的开关管 Q22 (或 Q23 )在每个开关周期都会按照调节后的通断脉宽进行开 通和关断。
且上述步骤 E2可以在步骤 F2之前, 也可以在步骤 F2之后执行。 通过上述 步骤 D2到 F2的调节后, 需要将对受控模块调节后的第二通断脉宽和第三通断 脉宽, 分别与主模块的当前通断脉宽的差别信息储存到光伏逆变器中, 具体地 可以将每个受控模块对应的差别信息储存到光伏逆变器中同一个存储器的不 同地址空间, 或分别储存到各个受控模块中各自的存储器中。
通过上述步骤 A2到 F2, 以主模块为基准, 对三电平光伏逆变器所包括的 受控模块中的四个开关管的驱动进行独立调节,从而使得驱动电路对受控模块 和主模块中相应功率组件的驱动一致, 实现电流均流。
且上述校正方法对于三相和单相的三电平光伏逆变器都适用,本实施例中 是以单相的三电平光伏逆变器为例说明的,对三相的三电平逆变器的校正与单 相的三电平光伏逆变器的校正类似, 在此不进行赘述。
本发明实施例还提供一种光伏逆变器的校正装置, 结构示意图如图 10所 示, 包括:
检测单元 10, 用于检测所述光伏逆变器中主模块的第一输出电流, 和受控 模块的第二输出电流;
调节单元 20 , 用于根据所述检测单元检测的第一输出电流和第二输出电 流,对所述受控模块中功率组件的通断脉宽进行调节,使得所述受控模块中功 率组件按照所述调节后的通断脉宽进行驱动后,所述第二输出电流与第一输出 电流的峰值一致;
储存单元 30,用于将所述调节单元 20调节后的通断脉宽与主模块中功率组 件的当前通断脉宽的差别信息储存到所述光伏逆变器中。
储存单元 30可以将每个受控模块对应的调节后通断脉宽,与主模块对应的 通断脉宽的差别信息,分别储存在光伏逆变器中同一个存储器中的不同地址空 间; 或是分别储存在每个受控模块中各自对应的存储器中。
可见,本发明实施例中检测单元 10分别检测到光伏逆变器中主模块和受控 模块的第一和第二输出电流, 由调节电源 20根据第一和第二输出电流,对受控 模块中功率组件的通断脉宽进行调节,使得受控模块中功率组件按照调节后的 通断脉宽进行驱动后, 第二输出电流与第一输出电流的峰值一致, 并通过储存 单元 20将调节后的通断脉宽与主模块中功率组件的当前通断脉宽的差别信息 储存到光伏逆变器中。这样就能保证光伏逆变器中的多个功率模块能够平均分 配输出总电流, 实现电流均流。 可以理解,本发明实施例的光伏逆变器的校正装置中调节单元 20可以包括 设定单元 201、 显示单元 202、 控制器 203、 可编程逻辑器件 204, 其中:
设定单元 201 , 用于设定设置参数, 比如设定为 -10到 10之间的一个数值, 该设定单元 201可以是一个用户接口,用户可以同多设定单元 201向校正装置中 输入设定参数。
显示单元 202, 用于显示设定单元 201设定的设置参数。
控制器 203 , 可以是 DSP或是 CPU, 用于发出控制信号来控制对所述主模 块和受控模块中功率组件的驱动。
可编程逻辑器件 204, 可以是 FPGA或 CPLD, 用于对受控模块中功率组件 的通断脉宽进行调节,使得所述受控模块中功率组件按照所述调节后的通断脉 宽进行驱动后, 所述第二输出电流与第一输出电流的峰值一致。
参考图 11所示, 在一个具体的实施例中, 用户可以通过设定单元 201输入 设置参数, 比如可以是 -10到 10之间的任意数值; 储存单元 30可以将该设置参 数储存到光伏逆变器中, 可以防止本实施例的装置掉电后丟失; 且为了方便校 正, 设定的设置参数直观地显示; 其中设定单元 201可以通过检测单元 10检测 的第一输出电流和第二输出电流的比较,比如对两个输出电流半周期有效值的 比较, 设定适当的设置参数;
在具体的实现过程中,设定单元 201可以通过与控制器 203之间的通讯协议 将预先设定的设置参数发送给控制器 203 ,控制器 203在发出用来控制受控模块 中功率组件驱动的控制信号时,会读取储存单元 30储存的设置参数, 并传送给 可编程逻辑器件 204,这样可编程逻辑器件 204会根据该输入的设置参数计算对 应的脉宽补偿量, 并将计算的脉宽补偿量叠加到当前通断脉宽, 形成调节后的 通断脉宽, 并通过该调节后的通断脉宽信号来驱动受控模块中的功率组件。 这 里编程逻辑器件 204是连接在受控模块中功率组件的控制端与控制器 203之间 的器件。
其中当前通断脉宽是指控制器 203发送的控制信号(即脉沖信号 )的脉宽。 且可编程逻辑器件 204在计算脉宽补偿量时, 可以将该设置参数与脉宽调节能 力值相乘得到脉宽补偿量, 其中该脉宽调节能力值为脉宽的时间值。
参考图 12所示, 在另一个具体的实施例中,调节单元 20的具体结构与图 11 所示的实施例中调节单元 20的结构类似, 不同的是: 本实施例中, 用户通过设 定单元 201输入设置参数后,直接由可编程逻辑器件 204根据设置参数计算对应 的脉宽补偿量, 并将控制器 203发出的控制信号的通断脉宽与计算的脉宽补偿 量进行叠加, 形成调节后的通断脉宽, 并通过该调节后的通断脉宽信号来驱动 受控模块中的功率组件。 行校正为例来说明, 三电平光伏逆变器的结构示意图如图 7所示, 在主模块和 受控模块的功率组件中分别包括四个开关管, 则调节单元 20在进行调节时, 具 体可以通过如下方法来调节:
当三电平光伏逆变器的功率因数为 1时, 在检测单元 10检测的第一和第二 输出电流的正半周, 调节单元 20中设定单元 201会设定一个设置参数, 从而对 受控模块的四个开关管中第一开关管的第一通断脉宽进行调节,使得第二输出 电流与第一输出电流的正半周峰值一致,其中第一开关管在电流正半周进行高 频开通和关断; 且在检测单元 10检测的第一和第二输出电流的负半周,调节单 元 20中设定单元 201会设定另一个设置参数, 从而对受控模块的四个开关管中 第四开关管的第四通断脉宽进行调节,使得第二输出电流与第一输出电流的负 半周峰值一致, 其中第四开关管在电流负半周进行高频开通和关断;
当三电平光伏逆变器的功率因数为预置的值超前时,在第一和第二输出电 流的正半周, 调节单元 20中设定单元 201会设定又一个设置参数, 从而对受控 模块的四个开关管中第二开关管的第二通断脉宽进行调节,使得第二输出电流 与第一输出电流的正半周峰值一致, 其中第二开关管在电压正半周常通,且在 电压负半周进行高频开通和关断; 且在第一和第二输出电流的负半周,调节单 元 20中设定单元 201会设定又一个设置参数, 从而对受控模块的四个开关管中 第三开关管的第三通断脉宽进行调节,使得第二输出电流与第一输出电流的负 半周峰值一致, 其中第三开关管在电压负半周常通,且在电压正半周进行高频 开通和关断;
则储存单元 30会将设定单元 201对应四个开关管设定的四个设置参数储存 到光伏逆变器中。 行校正为例来说明, 二电平光伏逆变器的结构示意图如图 4所示, 在主模块和 受控模块的功率组件中分别包括两个开关管, 则调节单元 20在进行调节时, 具 体可以通过如下方法来调节:
当二电平光伏逆变器的功率因数为 1时, 在检测单元 10检测的第一和第二 输出电流的正半周, 调节单元 20中设定单元 201会设定一个设置参数, 从而对 受控模块的两个开关管中第一开关管的第一通断脉宽进行调节,使得第二输出 电流与第一输出电流的正半周峰值一致,其中第一开关管在电流正半周进行高 频开通和关断; 且在检测单元 10检测的第一和第二输出电流的负半周,调节单 元 20中设定单元 201会设定另一个设置参数, 从而对受控模块的两个开关管中 第二开关管的第二通断脉宽进行调节,使得第二输出电流与第一输出电流的负 半周峰值一致, 其中第二开关管在电流负半周进行高频开通和关断;
则储存单元 30会将设定单元 201对应两个开关管设定的两个设置参数储存 到光伏逆变器中。
通过上述对光伏逆变器的并网校正后, 参考图 13所示, 在光伏逆变器中, 就可以包括: 储存模块 60, 主模块 40和至少一个受控模块 50 (图 13中以两个受 控模块为例说明), 在主模块 40中包括控制器 401、 功率组件 402及其驱动电路 403 , 在受控模块 50中包括功率组件 502及其驱动电路 503 , 其中:
( 1 )在主模块 40中:
控制器 401 , 用于发出的控制信号, 该控制信号用于控制主模块 40和受控 模块 50中功率组件的驱动;
驱动电路 403 ,用于按照控制器 401发出的控制信号的通断脉宽对主模块 40 中功率组件 402进行驱动;
驱动电路 403在具体的驱动过程中,可以将控制器 401发出的控制信号转换 为能驱动功率组件 402断开或导通的信号。
( 2 )在受控模块 50中:
驱动电路 503 , 用于获取光伏逆变器的储存模块 30中储存的差别信息, 并 根据所述差别信息对所述控制信号的通断脉宽进行补偿后,按照补偿后的通断 脉宽对所述受控模块 50中功率组件 502进行驱动; 该差别信息是受控模块 50中 功率组件 502的通断脉宽与所述控制信号的通断脉宽之差。 而储存模块 60,用于储存每个受控模块对应的通断脉宽分别与主模块对应 的通断脉宽的差别信息。
可以理解,在光伏逆变器中可以使用同一个储存模块 60的不同地址空间储 存着每个受控模块 50对应的差别信息;也可以在光伏逆变器的每个受控模块 50 中有对应的一个储存模块 60 (如图 13所示), 并储存着该受控模块 50对应的差 别信息。且差别信息可以是用户预先设定的设置参数, 或设置参数对应的脉宽 补偿量等。
在受控模块 50中, 当驱动电路 503获取的差别信息为用户预先设定的设置 参数, 则在对功率组件 502进行驱动时, 可以通过如下的结构来实现对功率组 件 502进行驱动。 则该驱动电路 503具体可以通过叠加单元和驱动单元来实现, 具体地:
叠加单元, 用于当获取的差别信息为用户预先设定的设置参数,根据所述 预先设定的设置参数计算对应的脉宽补偿量,将所述脉宽补偿量叠加到所述控 制信号的通断脉宽后形成新的通断脉宽; 驱动单元, 用于按照所述叠加单元形 成的新的通断脉宽对所述受控模块 50中功率组件 502进行驱动。
参考图 14所示,本实施例的光伏逆变器可以按照如下的步骤来进行光伏逆 变器的驱动, 包括:
步骤 701 , 主模, 40中的控制器 401发出控制信号, 该控制信号用于控制主 模块 40和受控模块 50中功率组件的驱动。
步骤 702, 主模块 40中功率组件 402的驱动电路 403按照控制信号的通断脉 宽对主模块 40中功率组件 403进行驱动。
步骤 703 , 受控模块 50中功率组件 502的驱动电路 503获取光伏逆变器的储 存模块 60中储存的差别信息,并根据差别信息对控制信号的通断脉宽进行补偿 后, 按照补偿后的通断脉宽对受控模块 50中功率组件 502进行驱动。
这里差别信息是对受控模块 50中功率组件 502的通断脉宽与主模块中功率 组件的通断脉宽之间的差别信息, 可以是用户预先设定的设置参数, 或是设置 参数对应的脉宽补偿量,则如果差别信息是设置参数时,在具体的驱动过程中, 驱动电路 503是根据差别参数计算得到脉宽补偿量, 将脉宽补偿量叠加到控制 信号的通断脉宽后形成新的通断脉宽,并按照新的通断脉宽对受控模块 50中功 率组 502件进行驱动。
可见,如果采用本发明实施例光伏逆变器的校正装置以光伏逆变器中主模 块为基准,对各个受控模块中功率组件的驱动进行校正, 并将校正量储存到储 存模块中, 则在进行驱动时, 受控模块中功率组件的驱动电路就会读取储存模 块中储存的差别信息,根据该差别信息及对控制器发出的控制信号的通断脉宽 进行补偿后,按照补偿后通断脉宽对受控模块中功率组件进行驱动, 这样保证 各个功率组件的驱动一致, 能够平均分配输出总电流, 实现电流均流。
以上对本发明实施例所提供的光伏逆变器的校正、驱动方法及装置, 进行 以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想; 同时,对于 本领域的一般技术人员,依据本发明的思想,在具体实施方式及应用范围上均 会有改变之处, 综上所述, 本说明书内容不应理解为对本发明的限制。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 一种光伏逆变器的校正方法, 其特征在于, 包括:
检测所述光伏逆变器中主模块的第一输出电流,和受控模块的第二输出电 流;
根据所述第一输出电流和第二输出电流,对所述受控模块中功率组件的通 断脉宽进行调节,使得所述受控模块中功率组件按照所述调节后的通断脉宽进 行驱动后, 所述第二输出电流与第一输出电流的峰值一致;
将所述调节后的通断脉宽与主模块中功率组件的当前通断脉宽的差别信 息储存到所述光伏逆变器中。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 若所述光伏逆变器为三电平光 伏逆变器,且所述三电平光伏逆变器中主模块和受控模块的功率组件分别包括 四个开关管;
则所述对所述受控模块中功率组件的通断脉宽进行调节具体包括: 在所述三电平光伏逆变器的功率因数为 1时, 在所述第一和第二输出电流 的正半周,对所述受控模块的四个开关管中第一开关管的第一通断脉宽进行调 节,使得所述第二输出电流与第一输出电流的正半周峰值一致, 其中所述第一 开关管在电流正半周进行高频开通和关断;且在所述第一和第二输出电流的负 半周,对所述四个开关管中第四开关管的第四通断脉宽进行调节,使得所述第 二输出电流与第一输出电流的负半周峰值一致,其中所述第四开关管在电流负 半周进行高频开通和关断;
在所述三电平光伏逆变器的功率因数为预置的值超前时,在所述第一和第 二输出电流的正半周,对所述受控模块的四个开关管中第二开关管的第二通断 脉宽进行调节,使得所述第二输出电流与第一输出电流的正半周峰值一致, 其 中所述第二开关管在电压正半周常通, 且在电压负半周进行高频开通和关断; 且在所述第一和第二输出电流的负半周,对所述受控模块的四个开关管中在电 流负半周常通的第四开关管的第四通断脉宽进行调节,使得所述第二输出电流 与第一输出电流的负半周峰值一致, 其中所述第三开关管在电压负半周常通, 且在电压正半周进行高频开通和关断;
将所述调节后的通断脉宽与主模块中功率组件的当前通断脉宽的差别信 息储存到所述光伏逆变器中具体包括:
将所述调节后的第一通断脉宽、第二通断脉宽、第三通断脉宽及第四通断 脉宽, 分别与所述当前通断脉宽的差别信息储存到光伏逆变器中。
3、 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 若所述光伏逆变器为二电平光 伏逆变器,且所述二电平光伏逆变器中主模块和受控模块的功率组件分别包括 两个开关管;
则所述对所述受控模块中功率组件的通断脉宽进行调节具体包括: 在所述二电平光伏逆变器的功率因数为 1时, 在所述第一和第二输出电流 的正半周,对所述受控模块的两个开关管中第一开关管的第一通断脉宽进行调 节,使得所述第二输出电流与第一输出电流的正半周峰值一致, 其中所述第一 开关管在电流正半周进行高频开通和关断;且在所述第一和第二输出电流的负 半周, 对所述受控模块的两个开关管中第二开关管的第二通断脉宽进行调节, 使得所述第二输出电流与第一输出电流的负半周峰值一致,其中所述第二开关 管在电流负半周进行高频开通和关断;
将所述调节后的通断脉宽与主模块中功率组件的当前通断脉宽的差别信 息储存到所述光伏逆变器中具体包括:
将所述调节后的第一通断脉宽和第二通断脉宽,分别与所述当前通断脉宽 的差别信息储存到光伏逆变器中。
4、 如权利要求 2或 3所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述对通断脉宽进行调节 具体包括:
设定设置参数,根据所述设置参数计算对应的脉宽补偿量, 并将所述计算 的脉宽补偿量叠加到当前脉宽形成调节后的通断脉宽;
所述将调节后的通断脉宽与主模块中功率组件的当前通断脉宽的差别信 息储存到所述光伏逆变器中具体包括:将所述设定的设置参数储存到光伏逆变 器中, 且每个开关管对应一个设置参数;
所述方法还包括: 显示所述设置参数。
5、 一种光伏逆变器的驱动方法, 其特征在于, 应用于包括一个主模块和 至少一个受控模块的光伏逆变器中, 所述方法包括:
主模块中的控制器发出控制信号,所述控制信号用于控制主模块和受控模 块中功率组件的驱动;
所述主模块中功率组件的驱动电路按照所述控制信号的通断脉宽对所述 主模块中功率组件进行驱动;
所述受控模块中功率组件的驱动电路获取所述光伏逆变器中储存的差别 信息, 并根据所述差别信息对所述控制信号的通断脉宽进行补偿后,按照所述 补偿后的通断脉宽对所述受控模块中功率组件进行驱动;所述差别信息是对受 控模块中功率组件的通断脉宽与主模块中功率组件的通断脉宽之间的差别信 息。
6、 如权利要求 5所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述获取的差别信息为用户预 先设定的设置参数,则所述受控模块中功率组件的驱动电路根据所述差别信息 对所述控制信号的通断脉宽进行补偿后,按照所述补偿后的通断脉宽对所述受 控模块中功率组件进行驱动具体包括:
根据所述预先设定的设置参数计算对应的脉宽补偿量,将所述脉宽补偿量 叠加到所述控制信号的通断脉宽后形成新的通断脉宽;
按照所述新的通断脉宽对所述受控模块中功率组件进行驱动。
7、 如权利要求 5或 6所述的方法, 其特征在于, 在所述光伏逆变器中使用 同一个存储器的不同地址空间储存着每个受控模块对应的差别信息;
或,在所述光伏逆变器的每个受控模块中储存着该受控模块对应的差别信 息。
8、 一种光伏逆变器的校正装置, 其特征在于, 包括:
检测单元, 用于检测所述光伏逆变器中主模块的第一输出电流, 和受控模 块的第二输出电流;
调节单元, 用于根据所述检测单元检测的第一输出电流和第二输出电流, 对所述受控模块中功率组件的通断脉宽进行调节,使得所述受控模块中功率组 件按照所述调节后的通断脉宽进行驱动后,所述第二输出电流与第一输出电流 的峰值一致;
储存单元,用于将所述调节单元调节后的通断脉宽与主模块中功率组件的 当前通断脉宽的差别信息储存到所述光伏逆变器中。
9、 如权利要求 8所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述调节单元具体包括: 控制 器和可编程逻辑器件;
所述控制器,用于发出控制信号来控制对所述主模块和受控模块中功率组 件的驱动;
所述可编程逻辑器件, 用于对受控模块中功率组件的通断脉宽进行调节, 使得所述受控模块中功率组件按照所述调节后的通断脉宽进行驱动后,所述第 二输出电流与第一输出电流的峰值一致。
10、 如权利要求 9所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述调节单元还包括设定单 元, 用于设定设置参数;
所述可编程逻辑器件,用于根据所述设定单元设定的设置参数计算对应的 脉宽补偿量,并将所述计算的脉宽补偿量叠加到当前脉宽形成调节后的通断脉 宽;
所述储存单元,用于将所述设定单元设定的设置参数储存到所述光伏逆变 器中。
11、 如权利要求 10所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述装置还包括: 显示单元, 用于显示所述设定单元设定的设置参数。
12、 一种光伏逆变器, 其特征在于, 包括: 储存模块, 主模块和至少一个 受控模块, 所述主模块中包括控制器、 功率组件及其驱动电路, 所述受控模块 包括功率组件及其驱动电路;
所述控制器, 用于发出的控制信号, 所述控制信号用于控制主模块和受控 模块中功率组件的驱动;
所述主模块中功率组件的驱动电路,用于按照所述控制信号的通断脉宽对 所述主模块中功率组件进行驱动;
所述受控模块中功率组件的驱动电路,用于获取所述光伏逆变器中储存的 差别信息, 并根据所述差别信息对所述控制信号的通断脉宽进行补偿后,按照 所述补偿后的通断脉宽对所述受控模块中功率组件进行驱动;所述差别信息是 对受控模块中功率组件的通断脉宽与主模块中功率组件的通断脉宽的差别信 息;
所述储存模块,用于储存每个受控模块对应的通断脉宽分别与主模块对应 的通断脉宽的差别信息。
13、 如权利要求 12所述的光伏逆变器, 其特征在于, 所述受控模块中功率 组件的驱动电路具体包括:
叠加单元, 用于当获取的差别信息为用户预先设定的设置参数,根据所述 预先设定的设置参数计算对应的脉宽补偿量,将所述脉宽补偿量叠加到所述控 制信号的通断脉宽后形成新的通断脉宽;
驱动单元,用于按照所述叠加单元形成的新的通断脉宽对所述受控模块中 功率组件进行驱动。
14、 如权利要求 12或 13所述的光伏逆变器, 其特征在于, 在所述光伏逆变 器中使用同一个储存模块的不同地址空间储存着每个受控模块对应的差别信 息;
或,在所述光伏逆变器的每个受控模块的储存模块中储存着该受控模块对 应的差别信息。
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