WO2013038995A1 - 損傷評価方法およびメンテナンス評価指標の策定方法 - Google Patents
損傷評価方法およびメンテナンス評価指標の策定方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013038995A1 WO2013038995A1 PCT/JP2012/072858 JP2012072858W WO2013038995A1 WO 2013038995 A1 WO2013038995 A1 WO 2013038995A1 JP 2012072858 W JP2012072858 W JP 2012072858W WO 2013038995 A1 WO2013038995 A1 WO 2013038995A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/20—Metals
- G01N33/204—Structure thereof, e.g. crystal structure
- G01N33/2045—Defects
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M5/00—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
- G01M5/0033—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by determining damage, crack or wear
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N17/00—Investigating resistance of materials to the weather, to corrosion, or to light
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/026—Specifications of the specimen
- G01N2203/0296—Welds
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a damage evaluation method capable of evaluating with high accuracy damage such as creep, which occurs in a structural member in a specific use environment, and a maintenance evaluation index formulation method using the damage evaluation method.
- structural members such as piping and turbines of thermal power plants are used in a high-temperature environment (up to about 600 ° C) and stress is applied.
- Various deteriorations such as creep damage, are inevitable at the site.
- creep damage progresses, creep voids and microcracks are generated at the crystal grain boundaries of the metal member, and finally they are connected to form a crack, which may lead to damage. Therefore, in order to ensure the reliability of structural members used at high temperatures and ensure stable operation of power plants, etc., accurately evaluate the damage of the target part, obtain the accurate life, and perform appropriate maintenance management is important.
- a method of grasping the damage of the target part of the structural member As a method of grasping the damage of the target part of the structural member, a method of focusing on a specific physical quantity and evaluating it is used.
- the evaluation method a relationship between the damage level and a specific physical quantity is obtained in advance through experiments or simulations, and a damage evaluation index for evaluating the damage level is set. Then, the damage degree is evaluated by associating the damage evaluation index with the measured value of the specific physical quantity in the target part.
- Patent Document 1 a temporal change rate of the number density of creep voids is measured as a specific physical quantity, and the degree of damage is evaluated by associating the temporal creep void number density change rate with a damage evaluation index.
- Patent Document 2 the maximum value of the creep void grain boundary occupancy is measured as a specific physical quantity, and the degree of damage is evaluated by associating the maximum value of the creep void grain boundary occupancy with the damage evaluation index. Yes.
- the relationship between the specific physical quantity measured at the target part of the structural member actually used and the degree of damage may deviate greatly from the damage evaluation index created in advance.
- an error is inevitable in the prediction of damage obtained by the above-described method, and therefore, excessive maintenance is performed in consideration of the prediction error of damage when maintaining a plant or industrial equipment. .
- the damage is inevitably estimated including the error, there is a problem that the cost required for the maintenance increases. Therefore, it is required to reduce the cost required for maintenance management by reducing the error in prediction of damage and performing the minimum necessary inspection and maintenance at the optimum time.
- the present invention provides a damage evaluation method capable of evaluating with high accuracy damage such as creep, which occurs in a structural member in a specific use environment, and a maintenance evaluation index formulation method using the damage evaluation method.
- the purpose is to do.
- a first embodiment of the damage evaluation method of the present invention is a damage evaluation method for evaluating the degree of damage of a target portion that changes with time in a structural member, and a first measurement value of the target portion of a specific physical quantity is obtained.
- a second step of correlating the degree of damage calculated based on a time change corresponding to the second and subsequent measurements, the first and second and subsequent measurements, and the first Measurement after the second time Based on the relationship between the degree of damage that corresponds to includes a third step of calculating a new damage evaluation index approximately, the.
- the first measurement value in the target part of the specific physical quantity is associated with the damage evaluation index indicating the relationship between the specific physical quantity and the degree of damage based on the change over time.
- the degree of damage corresponding to the measured value is calculated.
- the specific physical quantity is measured at least once, and the measured value after this second measurement and the time change corresponding to each measurement are measured.
- the degree of damage calculated based on Next a new damage evaluation index is approximately calculated based on the relationship between the first and second and subsequent measurement values and the degree of damage. Based on the newly obtained damage evaluation index, the degree of damage is evaluated from the measured value of a specific physical quantity.
- this damage evaluation index uses a non-dimensionalized damage degree, it is possible to compare the measured values of the first and second times of different parts under the same index indicated by the damage degree.
- Examples of the damage evaluation index include an evaluation curve indicating a correspondence between a specific physical quantity and the degree of damage, a numerical table, a medium on which numerical data is electromagnetically recorded, and the like.
- the newly calculated damage evaluation index is created approximately based on the measured value of a specific physical quantity that changes with the state of the working stress in the actual usage environment and the time change of the target part at the usage temperature. Has been. Therefore, the accuracy of the damage evaluation index can be improved as compared with the initial damage evaluation index determined by experiment or simulation. Based on the newly created damage evaluation index, it is possible to evaluate the damage degree from the measured value of the specific physical quantity, and to evaluate the damage degree of the target portion of the structure with high accuracy.
- the first step, the second step, and the third step are repeated based on the new damage evaluation index.
- the difference between the damage evaluation index and the correspondence between the measured value of the specific physical quantity and the damage degree is reduced.
- the damage degree can be evaluated from the measured value of the specific physical quantity, and the damage degree can be evaluated with higher accuracy.
- the third embodiment of the damage evaluation method of the present invention uses a damage evaluation curve as the damage evaluation index in the first or second embodiment.
- the damage evaluation curve is a curve indicating a relationship between a specific physical quantity and a damage degree, and continuously represents a relationship between the specific physical quantity and the damage degree. Since the damage evaluation curve continuously represents a specific physical quantity and damage degree that change with time, it is easy to visually understand the relationship between the specific physical quantity and the damage degree. Further, by using the damage evaluation curve, it is possible to easily evaluate the degree of damage using the measured specific physical quantity.
- the damage degree is a creep damage rate.
- the creep damage rate indicates the degree of damage caused by creep of a structural member used in a high temperature environment. By making the degree of damage the creep damage rate, it becomes possible to easily grasp the creep damage rate from the measured specific physical quantity.
- the specific physical quantity is a number density of creep voids. That is, the number of creep voids per unit area.
- the structural member is a structural member formed of heat-resistant steel.
- the heat-resistant steel is used as a structural member used in a high-temperature and high-pressure environment such as a piping for a thermal power generation boiler.
- the target portion is a weld heat affected zone of a structural member formed of the heat resistant steel.
- the weld heat-affected zone of the heat-resistant steel has a metal structure different from that before being affected by heat due to the effect of heat input at the time of welding, resulting in structural changes and structural recovery due to reverse transformation.
- the creep strength is weaker than that of the portion not affected by the heat during welding, and creep deformation is concentrated to increase the multiaxiality, so that creep voids are likely to occur. For this reason, creep damage is more likely to occur than others.
- the embodiment of the maintenance evaluation index formulation method of the present invention is formulated using any one of the first to seventh embodiments of the damage evaluation method of the present invention.
- the maintenance evaluation index indicates a correspondence between a specific physical quantity of a target portion of the structural member and a damage degree, and is an evaluation index used for evaluating the damage degree of the target portion of the structural member at the time of maintenance.
- the maintenance evaluation index is formulated as follows. Using the measured value of the first specific physical quantity and the damage evaluation index that shows the relationship between the specific physical quantity and the degree of damage that occurs based on changes over time, the degree of damage corresponding to the first measured value is calculated. calculate. Next, at a different time from the first measurement, the specific physical quantity is measured at least once, and calculated based on the measured values after this second measurement and the time change at the time of the measurement. Corresponding to the degree of damage done. Next, a new damage evaluation index is approximately calculated based on the relationship between the first and second and subsequent measurement values and the damage rate. By obtaining a new damage evaluation index obtained in this manner, a maintenance evaluation index applicable to maintenance can be formulated with higher accuracy. According to this maintenance evaluation index, the degree of damage can be evaluated efficiently and easily with high accuracy from the measured value of a specific physical quantity according to various situations. As a result, maintenance can be made appropriate.
- the damage evaluation method and the maintenance evaluation index formulation method of the present invention it is possible to evaluate with high accuracy damage such as creep that occurs in a structural member in a specific use environment.
- FIG. 1 shows a boiler pipe 1 to be evaluated by the damage evaluation method of the present embodiment.
- the welded joint portion 10 of the pipe 1 is a joint portion in which a bent portion 20 and a straight portion 30 formed of heat-resistant steel are joined by welding.
- the number density of creep voids is measured from the weld heat affected part 11 (target part) adjacent to the welded joint part 10 in order to evaluate the creep damage rate.
- the number density of the creep voids is obtained as the number of creep voids per predetermined area by observing the creep voids using, for example, a replica method.
- the surface of the welding heat-affected zone 11 is subjected to a predetermined treatment to reveal a metal structure, the irregularities of the metal structure are transferred to a film, and the transferred irregularities are transferred to an optical microscope, a scanning electron microscope, or the like.
- Creep damage rate (Elapsed use time) / ⁇ (Elapsed use time) + (Remaining life of structural member) ⁇
- the elapsed time of use means the total time that the structural member has been used in a specific usage environment.
- the remaining life of the structural member means the remaining time until the structural member used in a specific environment is broken.
- the sum of the elapsed use time and the remaining life of the structural member is the time required for the structural member to be destroyed after being used in a specific use environment, and is called the total life.
- the heat-resistant steel used depending on the working temperature and working stress of piping and structural members is selected as appropriate. Typical materials used include 9Cr steel and 12Cr steel known as 2Cr steel and high strength ferritic steel. Other ferritic steels, austenitic steels, Fe-based alloys, Ni-based alloys and the like may be used at sites where more corrosion resistance and creep strength are required.
- the creep damage evaluation method of this embodiment is performed according to the procedure of the flowchart shown in FIG. That is, the optimum creep damage evaluation curve is obtained by reducing the difference between the relationship between the damage rate corresponding to the number density of the creep voids and the damage evaluation index.
- the creep damage rate is grasped using the optimum creep damage evaluation curve.
- the procedure for obtaining the creep damage evaluation curve includes, for example, a first step S10, a second step S20, a third step S30, and a determination step S40. In the determination step S40, the validity of the creep damage evaluation curve is determined.
- the first step S10 is a step of calculating a creep damage rate from the number density of creep voids.
- the calculation method will be described below.
- FIG. 3 is a creep damage evaluation curve 40 showing the relationship between the number density of creep voids and the creep damage rate in the weld heat affected zone of heat resistant steel used in a high temperature environment.
- the creep damage evaluation curve 40 is created in advance using, for example, laboratory experiments or database data accumulated so far.
- the measurement location at this time may be one or more.
- the measured value of the number density of the first creep void described above is made to correspond to the creep damage evaluation curve 40 of FIG. 3 to obtain the creep damage rate.
- the measured values D1-1, D2-1, D3-1 at each measurement point are plotted as shown in FIG.
- creep damage rates R1-1, R2-1 and R3-1 corresponding to D1-1, D2-1 and D3-1 of the creep damage evaluation curve 40 are calculated.
- the total lifetime of the welding heat affected zone 11 in each measurement location is calculated using the creep damage rate and the elapsed usage time.
- the second step S20 is a step of associating the measured value of the number density of the creep voids after the second time with the creep damage rate.
- the number density of the creep voids after the second time is measured at least once at a different time from the first measurement.
- the measurement location at this time is a location corresponding to the first measurement location.
- the part corresponding to the first measured part is, for example, the same part as the first part or the part having the same degree of damage as the first measured part.
- the creep damage rate at each measurement point is calculated using the elapsed use time in the second measurement, the number density of the creep voids, and the total lifetime calculated in the first step. To do.
- (R1-2, R2-2, R3-2) correspond to each other as shown in FIG.
- FIG. 5 shows a case where the second measurement is performed at three places in the same manner as the first measurement, and the measured value of the number density of the three creep voids is made to correspond to the creep damage rate once.
- the number density of the creep voids is measured at least once, and the third and subsequent measurements may be performed.
- the third step S30 is a step of calculating a new creep damage evaluation curve.
- a new creep damage evaluation curve 50 is obtained based on the relationship between the measured values of the number density of the creep voids in the first time and the second time and the creep damage rate corresponding to these measured values. Approximate calculation. In order to approximately calculate the new creep damage evaluation curve 50 based on the measurement data, for example, regression analysis may be used. Specifically, approximation by logarithmic approximation, polynomial approximation, least square method, or the like may be applied.
- the creep damage evaluation curve 50 shows the number density of the first and second creep voids. There is a slight discrepancy between the damage evaluation curve 50 and the measured number density of the creep voids.
- the determination step S40 is a step of determining whether or not the new creep damage evaluation curve 50 obtained in the third step S30 is appropriate. For example, if the relationship between the new creep damage evaluation curve 50 and the measured value of the number density of creep voids and the creep damage rate falls outside the predetermined range, the new creep damage evaluation curve 50 is used to It is preferable to perform the first step, the second step, and the third step. The relationship between the obtained creep damage evaluation curve, the measured number density of the first and second creep voids, and the creep damage rate is repeated until it falls within a predetermined target range. Then, a creep damage evaluation curve 60 having a small deviation from the measured value is obtained as shown in FIG. 7 (in FIG. 7, the creep after repeating the first step, the second step, and the third step N times) A damage evaluation curve 60 is shown.). In this example, the relationship between the measured number density of the first and second creep voids and the creep damage rate are in good agreement.
- the optimal damage evaluation curve is obtained. It is evaluated.
- the difference between the creep damage rate calculated from the measured value of the number density of the creep voids and the damage rate of the creep damage evaluation curve is more than a predetermined ratio (for example, 5%). If it is small, it is judged to be optimal. Whether or not the creep damage evaluation curve is appropriate is preferably determined comprehensively from a past database, a safety factor, or the like of the welding heat affected zone (target site) of the structural member.
- a new creep damage evaluation curve with high accuracy is obtained through the first step S10, the second step S20, and the third step S30.
- the creep damage evaluation curve uses a non-dimensionalized creep damage rate, so the measured values for the first and second rounds of different parts can be compared under the same index indicated by the degree of damage. .
- Whether or not the creep damage evaluation curve is valid can be determined by the determination step S40.
- the creep damage evaluation curve is set as the optimum creep damage evaluation curve. If it is determined that the creep damage evaluation curve is not valid, the first step, the second step, and the third step are performed based on the newly obtained creep damage evaluation curve. Repeat until the evaluation curve is judged valid. Thereby, an optimal creep damage evaluation curve can be obtained and the accuracy can be further increased.
- the creep damage rate can be evaluated with higher accuracy from the measured value of the number density of the creep voids. As a result, it is possible to accurately determine the remaining life even for a portion where creep damage is likely to occur, such as a heat-affected zone of heat-resistant steel. As a result, maintenance can be performed at an appropriate time, and the cost for maintaining the equipment can be kept low.
- the creep damage evaluation curve since the creep damage evaluation curve is used, it is easy to visually understand the relationship between the number density of creep voids and the creep damage rate. It is possible to grasp the creep damage rate easily and efficiently from the creep damage evaluation curve and the measured value of the number density of the creep voids.
- the method for evaluating the creep damage rate has been described.
- the number density of creep voids was used as a specific physical quantity, it can be detected by, for example, the hardness and elongation of the target part, the number and rate of change of creep voids at a specific part of the crystal grain, ultrasonic flaw inspection, radiation inspection, etc. Any other specific physical quantity may be measured as long as it is a specific physical quantity that changes with time in accordance with the degree of damage to the target site, such as a defect property inside the plate thickness.
- the present invention is not limited to the evaluation curve, and a numerical table indicating correspondence between a specific physical quantity and a damage degree, a medium on which numerical data is electromagnetically recorded, or the like is used. Also good.
- the pipe 1 is made of heat-resistant steel.
- any material may be used as long as it is a structural member having a target portion that is damaged with time. good.
- the place where the number density of the creep voids is measured is the weld heat affected zone of the pipe.
- the blade groove part of the turbine, the heat transfer pipe, and the base material part of the pipe depending on changes over time. It is good also as measuring the damaged part.
- the total life in the weld heat affected zone (target part) is calculated in the first step, but the remaining life may be calculated.
- Welded joint 11 Weld heat affected zone (target part) 40, 50, 60 Creep damage evaluation curve (damage evaluation index)
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2011年9月13日に、日本に出願された特願2011-199342号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
そこで、高温で使用される構造部材の信頼性を確保して発電プラントなどの安定運用のために、対象部位の損傷を精度良く評価し、正確な寿命を求めて、適切な保守管理を行うことが重要である。
特許文献2では、特定の物理量としてクリープボイドの結晶粒界占有率の最大値を測定し、クリープボイドの結晶粒界占有率の最大値と損傷評価指標を対応させて、損傷度を評価している。
そこで、損傷の予測における誤差を小さくして、最適な時期に必要最小限の検査とメンテナンスを行うことにより、保守管理に要するコストを低減することが要請されている。
第一の工程、第二の工程、第三の工程を繰り返すことにより、損傷評価指標と、特定の物理量の測定値と損傷度の対応との乖離が小さくなる。この新たな損傷評価指標に基づいて、特定の物理量の測定値から損傷度を評価し、損傷度をより高い精度で評価することができる。
損傷評価曲線は、特定の物理量と損傷度の関係を示す曲線であり、特定の物理量と損傷度の関係を連続的に表したものである。損傷評価曲線は、経時変化する特定の物理量と損傷度を連続的に表しているので、特定の物理量と損傷度の関係を視覚的に理解しやすい。
また、損傷評価曲線を用いることにより、測定した特定の物理量を用いて容易に損傷度を評価することが可能である。
クリープ損傷率は、高温環境下で使用される構造部材のクリープによる損傷の度合いを示すものである。損傷度をクリープ損傷率とすることにより、測定した特定の物理量から、容易にクリープ損傷率を把握することが可能となる。
特定の物理量をクリープボイドの個数密度とすることにより、物理量を容易に測定することができ、クリープ損傷率を効率的に評価可能となる。
耐熱鋼は、例えば火力発電用ボイラの配管のような高温・高圧環境で使用される構造部材として用いられる。これらに適用することによって、使用環境が厳しく、評価が難しい耐熱鋼の損傷度が高い精度で評価可能となる。
耐熱鋼の溶接熱影響部は、溶接時の入熱の影響によって、逆変態による組織変化や組織の回復が生じ、熱影響を受ける前とは異なる金属組織となっている。そのため、溶接時の熱の影響を受けていない箇所と比べて、クリープ強度が弱くなり、クリープ変形が集中して多軸度が増してクリープボイドが生じやすい。このため、クリープ損傷が他よりも顕著に生じやすい。特定の物理量の測定箇所を耐熱鋼の溶接熱影響部とすることにより、測定された特定の物理量から、耐熱鋼の溶接熱影響部の損傷が高い精度で評価可能となる。
メンテナンス評価指標とは、構造部材の対象部位の特定の物理量と損傷度との対応を示し、メンテナンス時における構造部材の対象部位の損傷度を評価するために用いる評価指標である。
このようにして得られた新たな損傷評価指標を得ることにより、より高い精度でメンテナンスに適用可能なメンテナンス評価指標を策定することができる。このメンテナンス評価指標によれば、様々な状況に応じて、特定の物理量の測定値から損傷度を効率的かつ容易に、高い精度で評価できる。その結果、メンテナンスを適切にすることができる。
本実施形態では、ボイラなどの高温高圧環境で使用される耐熱鋼の配管の溶接熱影響部(対象部位)に損傷評価方法を適用して、クリープ損傷の度合いを評価する例を示している。
配管1の内部には、図1の矢印で示す方向に高温蒸気が流れている。配管1の溶接継手部10は、耐熱鋼で形成された屈曲部20と直線部30とが溶接で接合された継手部である。
溶接継手部10では、クリープ損傷率の評価のために、溶接継手部10に隣接した溶接熱影響部11(対象部位)からクリープボイドの個数密度が測定される。クリープボイドの個数密度は、例えばレプリカ法を用いてクリープボイドを観察し、所定の面積当たりのクリープボイドの個数として求められる。レプリカ法は、溶接熱影響部11の表面に所定の処理を施して金属組織を現出させ、この金属組織の凹凸をフィルムに転写して、この転写した凹凸を光学顕微鏡や走査型電子顕微鏡などを用いて組織観察する方法である。
この実施形態の例は、溶接継手部10に設けられた溶接熱影響部11で測定されるクリープボイドの個数密度からクリープ損傷率を評価する。
クリープ損傷率=(使用経過時間)/{(使用経過時間)+(構造部材の余寿命)}
本実施形態のクリープ損傷評価方法は、図2で示すフロー図の手順に従って行われる。すなわち、クリープボイドの個数密度に対応する損傷率の関係と損傷評価指標との乖離を小さくして、最適なクリープ損傷評価曲線を得る。その最適なクリープ損傷評価曲線を用いて、クリープ損傷率が把握される。
クリープ損傷評価曲線を得るための手順は、例えば、第一の工程S10、第二の工程S20、第三の工程S30および判定工程S40を備えている。判定工程S40では、クリープ損傷評価曲線の妥当性を判定する。
第一の工程S10は、クリープボイドの個数密度からクリープ損傷率を算出する工程である。その算出方法を以下に説明する。
図3は、高温環境で使用されている耐熱鋼の溶接熱影響部におけるクリープボイドの個数密度とクリープ損傷率の関係を示したクリープ損傷評価曲線40である。このクリープ損傷評価曲線40は、例えば、実験室での実験やこれまでに蓄積されたデータベースのデータなどを用いて、あらかじめ作成しておく。
具体的には、第一回目のクリープボイドの測定箇所が3箇所の場合には、図4に示すように、各測定箇所における測定値D1-1、D2-1、D3-1をプロットして、クリープ損傷評価曲線40のD1-1、D2-1、D3-1に対応するクリープ損傷率R1-1、R2-1、R3-1を算出する。そして、クリープ損傷率と使用経過時間を用いて、各測定箇所における溶接熱影響部11の全寿命をそれぞれ算出する。
第二の工程S20は、第二回目以降のクリープボイドの個数密度の測定値とクリープ損傷率を対応させる工程である。
配管1の溶接熱影響部11に対して、第一回目の測定とは使用経過時間が異なる別の時期において、第二回目以降のクリープボイドの個数密度の測定を少なくとも一回行う。このときの測定箇所は、第一回目の測定箇所に対応する箇所である。
第一回目の測定した箇所に対応する箇所とは、例えば、第一回目と同一の箇所や損傷度が第一回目の測定箇所と同一の箇所のことである。
本実施形態では、図5に示すように、第二回目の測定における使用経過時間とクリープボイドの個数密度と第一の工程で算出した全寿命を用いて、各測定点におけるクリープ損傷率を算出する。
図5は、第一回目の測定と同様にして第二回目の測定を3箇所行い、3箇所のクリープボイドの個数密度の測定値とクリープ損傷率とを1回対応させた場合を示す。第二の工程において、クリープボイドの個数密度の測定は、少なくとも一回行うものとし、第三回目以降の測定を行っても良い。
第三の工程S30は、新たなクリープ損傷評価曲線を算出する工程である。
第一回目と第二回目以降のクリープボイドの個数密度の測定値と、これらの測定値に対応するクリープ損傷率の関係に基づいて、新たなクリープ損傷評価曲線50を、図6で示すように、近似的に算出する。
測定データに基づいて、新たなクリープ損傷評価曲線50を近似的に算出するには、例えば回帰分析を用いれば良い。具体的には、対数近似、多項式近似、最小2乗法などによる近似を適用すれば良い。
図6において、クリープ損傷評価曲線50には、第一回目と第二回目のクリープボイドの個数密度が示されている。損傷評価曲線50とクリープボイドの個数密度の測定値には若干の乖離が認められる。
判定工程S40は、第三の工程S30で得られた新たなクリープ損傷評価曲線50が妥当かどうかを判定する工程である。
例えば、新たなクリープ損傷評価曲線50と、クリープボイドの個数密度の測定値とクリープ損傷率の関係が、所定の範囲外となった場合は、新たなクリープ損傷評価曲線50を用いて、さらに第一の工程、第二の工程、第三の工程を行うことが好ましい。得られたクリープ損傷評価曲線と、第一回目と第二回目のクリープボイドの個数密度の測定値とクリープ損傷率の関係が、所定の目的の範囲内となるまで繰り返す。そして、図7で示すような、測定値との乖離が小さいクリープ損傷評価曲線60を得る(図7では、第一の工程、第二の工程、第三の工程をN回繰り返した後のクリープ損傷評価曲線60を示している。)。
この例では、第一回目と第二回目のクリープボイドの個数密度の測定値とクリープ損傷率の関係がよく一致している。
クリープ損傷評価曲線が妥当でないと判定された場合は、新たに得られたクリープ損傷評価曲線に基づいて、第一の工程、第二の工程、第三の工程を、新たに得られたクリープ損傷評価曲線が妥当と判定されるまで繰り返す。これにより、最適なクリープ損傷評価曲線を得られ、より精度を高くすることができる。
特定の物理量としてクリープボイドの個数密度を使用したが、例えば、対象部位の硬さ、伸び、結晶粒の特定箇所におけるクリープボイドの個数や変化率や、超音波探傷検査や放射線検査などで検出可能な板厚内部の欠陥性状など、対象部位の損傷度に応じて経時変化する特定の物理量であれば他の特定の物理量を測定することとしても良い。
上記の実施の形態では、クリープボイドの個数密度が測定される箇所を、配管の溶接熱影響部としたが、例えばタービンの翼溝部や伝熱管および配管の母材部など、経時変化に応じて損傷する箇所を測定することとしても良い。
11 溶接熱影響部(対象部位)
40、50、60 クリープ損傷評価曲線(損傷評価指標)
Claims (8)
- 構造部材において経時変化する対象部位の損傷度を評価する損傷評価方法であって、
特定の物理量の前記対象部位における第一回目の測定値を、前記特定の物理量と時間変化に基づいて生じる損傷度との関係を示した損傷評価指標に対応させて、前記第一回目の測定値に対応する損傷度を算出する第一の工程と、
前記第一回目の測定箇所に対応する箇所における前記特定の物理量を、第一回目の測定とは使用経過時間が異なる別の時期において、少なくとも一回測定し、この第二回目以降の測定値と、前記第二回目以降の測定時に対応する時間変化に基づいて算出された損傷度とを対応させる第二の工程と、
前記第一回目と前記第二回目以降の測定値と、前記第一回目と前記第二回目以降の測定値に対応する損傷度との関係に基づいて、新たな損傷評価指標を近似的に算出する第三の工程と、
を備える損傷評価方法。 - 前記新たな損傷評価指標に基づいて、
前記第一の工程、前記第二の工程、前記第三の工程を繰り返す請求項1に記載の損傷評価方法。 - 前記損傷評価指標として、損傷評価曲線を用いる請求項1または請求項2に記載の損傷評価方法。
- 前記損傷度は、クリープ損傷率である請求項1から請求項3のいずれか一項に記載の損傷評価方法。
- 前記特定の物理量は、クリープボイドの個数密度である請求項4に記載の損傷評価方法。
- 前記構造部材は、耐熱鋼で形成された構造部材である請求項1から請求項5のいずれか一項に記載の損傷評価方法。
- 前記対象部位は、前記耐熱鋼で形成された構造部材の溶接熱影響部である請求項6に記載の損傷評価方法。
- 請求項1から請求項7のいずれか一項に記載の損傷評価方法を用いたメンテナンス評価指標の策定方法。
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| JP2013061222A (ja) | 2013-04-04 |
| EP2757362A4 (en) | 2015-05-06 |
| US9689789B2 (en) | 2017-06-27 |
| KR101633563B1 (ko) | 2016-06-24 |
| JP5931381B2 (ja) | 2016-06-08 |
| CN103765192A (zh) | 2014-04-30 |
| EP2757362B1 (en) | 2017-07-05 |
| CN103765192B (zh) | 2016-08-17 |
| US20150019142A1 (en) | 2015-01-15 |
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| KR20140043160A (ko) | 2014-04-08 |
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