WO2013068714A1 - Lighting arrangements - Google Patents

Lighting arrangements Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013068714A1
WO2013068714A1 PCT/GB2012/000831 GB2012000831W WO2013068714A1 WO 2013068714 A1 WO2013068714 A1 WO 2013068714A1 GB 2012000831 W GB2012000831 W GB 2012000831W WO 2013068714 A1 WO2013068714 A1 WO 2013068714A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
lighting
ball
lighting arrangement
units
arrangement according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/GB2012/000831
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
David Morgan
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to DK12795580.5T priority Critical patent/DK2776756T3/en
Priority to CN201280054813.8A priority patent/CN104114943B/en
Priority to ES12795580.5T priority patent/ES2654313T3/en
Priority to US14/356,491 priority patent/US9464770B2/en
Priority to EP12795580.5A priority patent/EP2776756B1/en
Publication of WO2013068714A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013068714A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S2/00—Systems of lighting devices, not provided for in main groups F21S4/00 - F21S10/00 or F21S19/00, e.g. of modular construction
    • F21S2/005—Systems of lighting devices, not provided for in main groups F21S4/00 - F21S10/00 or F21S19/00, e.g. of modular construction of modular construction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S4/00—Lighting devices or systems using a string or strip of light sources
    • F21S4/20—Lighting devices or systems using a string or strip of light sources with light sources held by or within elongate supports
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S4/00—Lighting devices or systems using a string or strip of light sources
    • F21S4/20—Lighting devices or systems using a string or strip of light sources with light sources held by or within elongate supports
    • F21S4/22—Lighting devices or systems using a string or strip of light sources with light sources held by or within elongate supports flexible or deformable, e.g. into a curved shape
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S4/00—Lighting devices or systems using a string or strip of light sources
    • F21S4/20—Lighting devices or systems using a string or strip of light sources with light sources held by or within elongate supports
    • F21S4/28—Lighting devices or systems using a string or strip of light sources with light sources held by or within elongate supports rigid, e.g. LED bars
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V21/00—Supporting, suspending, or attaching arrangements for lighting devices; Hand grips
    • F21V21/005—Supporting, suspending, or attaching arrangements for lighting devices; Hand grips for several lighting devices in an end-to-end arrangement, i.e. light tracks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V23/00—Arrangement of electric circuit elements in or on lighting devices
    • F21V23/001—Arrangement of electric circuit elements in or on lighting devices the elements being electrical wires or cables
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V23/00—Arrangement of electric circuit elements in or on lighting devices
    • F21V23/06—Arrangement of electric circuit elements in or on lighting devices the elements being coupling devices, e.g. connectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V29/00—Protecting lighting devices from thermal damage; Cooling or heating arrangements specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • F21V29/50—Cooling arrangements
    • F21V29/70—Cooling arrangements characterised by passive heat-dissipating elements, e.g. heat-sinks
    • F21V29/74—Cooling arrangements characterised by passive heat-dissipating elements, e.g. heat-sinks with fins or blades
    • F21V29/76—Cooling arrangements characterised by passive heat-dissipating elements, e.g. heat-sinks with fins or blades with essentially identical parallel planar fins or blades, e.g. with comb-like cross-section
    • F21V29/763—Cooling arrangements characterised by passive heat-dissipating elements, e.g. heat-sinks with fins or blades with essentially identical parallel planar fins or blades, e.g. with comb-like cross-section the planes containing the fins or blades having the direction of the light emitting axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V29/00—Protecting lighting devices from thermal damage; Cooling or heating arrangements specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • F21V29/50—Cooling arrangements
    • F21V29/70—Cooling arrangements characterised by passive heat-dissipating elements, e.g. heat-sinks
    • F21V29/83—Cooling arrangements characterised by passive heat-dissipating elements, e.g. heat-sinks the elements having apertures, ducts or channels, e.g. heat radiation holes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2101/00—Point-like light sources
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2103/00—Elongate light sources, e.g. fluorescent tubes
    • F21Y2103/10—Elongate light sources, e.g. fluorescent tubes comprising a linear array of point-like light-generating elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2115/00—Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
    • F21Y2115/10—Light-emitting diodes [LED]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to lighting arrangements, particularly but not exclusively, for providing distinctive lighting patterns to areas such as auditoria, commercial reception areas public spaces and hotel lounges.
  • the present invention seeks to provide a solution to this problem by providing lighting units which can be rapidly assembled into a lighting arrangement to provide the required amount of light and to enable the individual lights to be directed in the required direction substantially independently of the other light units in the system.
  • Such systems typically include a large number of lighting elements which generate a great deal of heat, and the present invention also seeks to provide an arrangement to facilitate the removal of heat from the units
  • an electric lighting arrangement including at least two lighting units each containing at least one light source, the units being adapted to be joined together by means of a universal joint mechanism to enable the units to be pivotable one relative to the other in all planes, wherein each lighting unit includes a main body incorporating a heat sink in the form of heat conducting fins.
  • the fins are formed integrally with the main body.
  • each unit has a plurality of light sources, and the light sources may be arranged linearly along the length of the unit.
  • the unit is preferably elongate and the light sources are preferably arranged along the longitudinal axis of the unit.
  • the light sources are LEDs.
  • the universal joint mechanism comprises a ball joint arrangement, which preferably comprises two conjoined balls, each ball being adapted to be mounted in a retaining ball cup in a lighting unit, ball cups being provided on opposed ends of the unit.
  • the or each ball joint arrangement has a through bore through which a power cable passes to provide power to the light sources.
  • a plurality of said lighting units are adapted to be joined together to form a strip of lights.
  • a common power cable passes through all the units, power for the individual light sources being tapped from the power cable.
  • the ball joints are a snap fit in the associated ball cup
  • the ball joints and ball caps may be formed of a synthetic plastics material.
  • the balls and associated cups include electrical contacts through which the light sources are electrically connected to a power source.
  • Figure 1 shows a perspective view of two conjoined lighting units of a lighting arrangement
  • Figure 2 shows a plan view of Figure 1
  • Figure 3 shows a sectional view along the line CC of Figure 2
  • Figure 4 shows an exploded view of Figure 1
  • Figure 5 shows a perspective you of a further embodiment of two conjoined lighting units
  • Figure 6 shows a plan view of Figure 1 ,
  • Figure 7 shows a cross-sectional view along the line BB of Figure 6
  • FIG 8 shows an exploded view of Figure 5.
  • a lighting arrangement consisting of two lighting units 1 joined together by a ball joint arrangement 2.
  • Each lighting unit 1 consists of a main body 3 in the form of an elongate holder having mounted on one face a series of linearly aligned light sources 4 in the form of LEDs mounted on a plate which is secured to the main body 1.
  • the light sources 4 are linearly aligned along the central axis of the light units 1.
  • the main body 3 also forms a heat sink to assist in dissipating the heat generated by the light sources 4 in use.
  • the electrical wiring for the lights, and a power cable are contained, in use, within the main body 3 but are not shown.
  • the opposite face of the main body to the light sources is closed by a retaining plate 5.
  • the two light units 1 are adjoined by a ball joint arrangement 2 each of which comprises a pair 6 of conjoined balls 7 the balls 7 being spaced by a short joining sleeve 8.
  • Each ball 7 is adapted to be pivotally retained in a ball cup 9 located in the end of an associated one of the light units 1.
  • the ball cup 9 consists of a first part 10 formed in or secured to the main body 3 and a second part in the form of a closure cap 11 secured by screws to the first part 10 to retain the ball 7 in the cup in such a way as to enable the ball 7 to pivot relative to the main body 3 in all planes.
  • a second light unit 1 is secured to the other ball 7 of the ball arrangement 2 to thus secure the two light units together so that they are pivotable one relative to the other in all planes. It can thus be seen that a plurality of light units can be secured together to form a long strip of lights. Sufficient friction is provided in the pivotal engagement so that the two units remain in the orientation set by the installer but can be readily adjusted manually to the required position
  • FIG. 5-8 there is shown a modified embodiment in which like parts bear like references.
  • This embodiment is identical in construction to that shown in Figures 1-4 except that the main body 3 incorporates a heat sink in the form of fins 12 which dissipate heat generated by the light sources.
  • the fins 12 are formed on a separate body which is secured to the main body 3 but, in an alternative embodiment are, formed integrally with the main body which may be formed of a one piece alloy diecasting, for example.
  • the ball joint arrangement 2 and the associated cups 9 are formed of a synthetic plastics material, which is electrically non- conductive.
  • the ball cup is an integral unit which is secured to the main body and the balls 7 are a snap fit in the cups 9.
  • the light sources of each unit may be hardwired and the light sources connected to electrical contacts on the cups which are automatically engaged by contacts on the balls, when units are joined together, to form an electrical path to an external power source .
  • the retaining ball cups may consist of a fixed hemispherical base part secured in the unit into which the ball can be inserted, with a retaining ring having a part spherical inner face engaging the ball and being retained in position by means of a circlip or threaded ring to thereby secure the ball to the unit.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)
  • Arrangement Of Elements, Cooling, Sealing, Or The Like Of Lighting Devices (AREA)

Abstract

An electric lighting arrangement including a plurality of lighting units (1) each containing a plurality of LED lights (4), to form a strip of lights. The units (1) are adapted to be joined together by means of a ball joint arrangement (2), which comprises two conjoined balls (7), each ball (7) being adapted to be mounted in a retaining bail cup (9) in a lighting unit, ball cups (9) being provided on opposed ends of the units (1) to enable the units to be pivotable one relative to the other in all planes. Each lighting unit (1) includes a main body (3) incorporating a heat sink in the form of heat conducting fins (12).

Description

Lighting arrangements
The present invention relates to lighting arrangements, particularly but not exclusively, for providing distinctive lighting patterns to areas such as auditoria, commercial reception areas public spaces and hotel lounges.
In such large areas there is a requirement for lighting systems which, particularly when dealing with complex shaped spaces, require a significant amount of flexibility to enable the light to be directed in the direction and with the intensity required for the desired lighting effect. Typically, a solution to this problem is achieved by individually designing and assembling a bespoke lighting system for each installation. Such an installation is therefore almost inevitably extremely expensive to design, manufacture and install.
The present invention seeks to provide a solution to this problem by providing lighting units which can be rapidly assembled into a lighting arrangement to provide the required amount of light and to enable the individual lights to be directed in the required direction substantially independently of the other light units in the system. Such systems typically include a large number of lighting elements which generate a great deal of heat, and the present invention also seeks to provide an arrangement to facilitate the removal of heat from the units
According to the present invention there is provided an electric lighting arrangement including at least two lighting units each containing at least one light source, the units being adapted to be joined together by means of a universal joint mechanism to enable the units to be pivotable one relative to the other in all planes, wherein each lighting unit includes a main body incorporating a heat sink in the form of heat conducting fins.
In a preferred embodiment, the fins are formed integrally with the main body.
In a preferred arrangement each unit has a plurality of light sources, and the light sources may be arranged linearly along the length of the unit. The unit is preferably elongate and the light sources are preferably arranged along the longitudinal axis of the unit. Advantageously, the light sources are LEDs.
In a preferred embodiment, the universal joint mechanism comprises a ball joint arrangement, which preferably comprises two conjoined balls, each ball being adapted to be mounted in a retaining ball cup in a lighting unit, ball cups being provided on opposed ends of the unit.
Preferably, the or each ball joint arrangement has a through bore through which a power cable passes to provide power to the light sources.
In a preferred arrangement, a plurality of said lighting units are adapted to be joined together to form a strip of lights.
Preferably, a common power cable passes through all the units, power for the individual light sources being tapped from the power cable.
In an alternative embodiment, the ball joints are a snap fit in the associated ball cup the ball joints and ball caps may be formed of a synthetic plastics material. In a further improvement, the balls and associated cups include electrical contacts through which the light sources are electrically connected to a power source.
Preferred embodiment of the present invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, in whicrv-
Figure 1 shows a perspective view of two conjoined lighting units of a lighting arrangement,
Figure 2 shows a plan view of Figure 1,
Figure 3 shows a sectional view along the line CC of Figure 2,
Figure 4 shows an exploded view of Figure 1,
Figure 5 shows a perspective you of a further embodiment of two conjoined lighting units, Figure 6 shows a plan view of Figure 1 ,
Figure 7 shows a cross-sectional view along the line BB of Figure 6, and
Figure 8 shows an exploded view of Figure 5. Referring now to Figures 1-4, there is shown an embodiment of a lighting arrangement consisting of two lighting units 1 joined together by a ball joint arrangement 2. Each lighting unit 1 consists of a main body 3 in the form of an elongate holder having mounted on one face a series of linearly aligned light sources 4 in the form of LEDs mounted on a plate which is secured to the main body 1. As shown in Figure 2, the light sources 4 are linearly aligned along the central axis of the light units 1. The main body 3 also forms a heat sink to assist in dissipating the heat generated by the light sources 4 in use.
The electrical wiring for the lights, and a power cable are contained, in use, within the main body 3 but are not shown. The opposite face of the main body to the light sources is closed by a retaining plate 5.
As shown particularly in Figures 3 and 4, the two light units 1 are adjoined by a ball joint arrangement 2 each of which comprises a pair 6 of conjoined balls 7 the balls 7 being spaced by a short joining sleeve 8. Each ball 7 is adapted to be pivotally retained in a ball cup 9 located in the end of an associated one of the light units 1. The ball cup 9 consists of a first part 10 formed in or secured to the main body 3 and a second part in the form of a closure cap 11 secured by screws to the first part 10 to retain the ball 7 in the cup in such a way as to enable the ball 7 to pivot relative to the main body 3 in all planes.
A second light unit 1 is secured to the other ball 7 of the ball arrangement 2 to thus secure the two light units together so that they are pivotable one relative to the other in all planes. It can thus be seen that a plurality of light units can be secured together to form a long strip of lights. Sufficient friction is provided in the pivotal engagement so that the two units remain in the orientation set by the installer but can be readily adjusted manually to the required position
Referring now to Figures 5-8 there is shown a modified embodiment in which like parts bear like references. This embodiment is identical in construction to that shown in Figures 1-4 except that the main body 3 incorporates a heat sink in the form of fins 12 which dissipate heat generated by the light sources. In one form the fins 12 are formed on a separate body which is secured to the main body 3 but, in an alternative embodiment are, formed integrally with the main body which may be formed of a one piece alloy diecasting, for example. In an alternative arrangement, not shown in the drawings, the ball joint arrangement 2 and the associated cups 9 are formed of a synthetic plastics material, which is electrically non- conductive. In such an arrangement the ball cup is an integral unit which is secured to the main body and the balls 7 are a snap fit in the cups 9. Such an arrangement would facilitate assembly of a plurality of the light units. It is envisaged that the light sources of each unit may be hardwired and the light sources connected to electrical contacts on the cups which are automatically engaged by contacts on the balls, when units are joined together, to form an electrical path to an external power source .
In a further embodiment {not shown), the retaining ball cups may consist of a fixed hemispherical base part secured in the unit into which the ball can be inserted, with a retaining ring having a part spherical inner face engaging the ball and being retained in position by means of a circlip or threaded ring to thereby secure the ball to the unit.

Claims

CLAIMS 1. An electric lighting arrangement including at least two lighting units each containing at least one light source, the units being adapted to be joined together by means of a universal joint mechanism to enable the units to be pivotable one relative to the other in all planes, wherein each lighting unit includes a main body incorporating a heat sink in the form of heat conducting fins.
2. A lighting arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the fins are formed integrally with the main body.
3. A lighting arrangement according to any one of the preceding claims wherein each unit has a plurality of light sources.
4. A lighting arrangement according to claim 3, wherein each unit is elongate and the light sources are arranged linearly along the length of the unit.
5. A lighting arrangement according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the light sources comprise LEDs.
6. A lighting arrangement according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the universal joint mechanism comprises a ball joint arrangement.
7. A lighting arrangement according to claim 6, wherein the ball joint arrangement comprises two conjoined balls and each ball being adapted to be mounted in a pivotable manner in a retaining ball cup in a lighting unit, ball cups being provided on opposed ends of the unit.
8. A lighting arrangement according to claim 6 or 7 wherein the or each ball joint arrangement has a through bore through which a power cable passes to provide power to the light sources.
9. A lighting arrangement according to any one of the preceding claims wherein a plurality of said lighting units are adapted to be joined together to form a strip of lights.
10. A lighting arrangement according to claim 8 or 9 when dependent on thereon, wherein a common power cable passes through all the units, power for the individual light sources being tapped from the power cable.
1 1. A lighting arrangement and according to claim 6 or any one of claims 7 to 10 when dependent thereon, wherein the ball joints are a snap fit in the associated ball cup.
12. A lighting arrangement according to claim 11 , wherein the ball joints and ball caps are formed of a synthetic plastics material.
13. A lighting arrangement as claimed in claim 11 or 12, wherein the balls and associated cups include co-operating electrical contacts through which the light sources are electrically connected to a power source.
PCT/GB2012/000831 2011-11-07 2012-11-06 Lighting arrangements Ceased WO2013068714A1 (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DK12795580.5T DK2776756T3 (en) 2011-11-07 2012-11-06 LIGHTING ARRANGEMENT
CN201280054813.8A CN104114943B (en) 2011-11-07 2012-11-06 Lighting device
ES12795580.5T ES2654313T3 (en) 2011-11-07 2012-11-06 Lighting arrangements
US14/356,491 US9464770B2 (en) 2011-11-07 2012-11-06 LED lighting strip
EP12795580.5A EP2776756B1 (en) 2011-11-07 2012-11-06 Lighting arrangements

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1119163.2A GB2496189A (en) 2011-11-07 2011-11-07 Articulated lights.
GB1119163.2 2011-11-07

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2013068714A1 true WO2013068714A1 (en) 2013-05-16

Family

ID=45421356

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB2012/000831 Ceased WO2013068714A1 (en) 2011-11-07 2012-11-06 Lighting arrangements

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US9464770B2 (en)
EP (1) EP2776756B1 (en)
CN (1) CN104114943B (en)
DK (1) DK2776756T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2654313T3 (en)
GB (1) GB2496189A (en)
WO (1) WO2013068714A1 (en)

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US9464770B2 (en) 2016-10-11
EP2776756B1 (en) 2017-09-27
EP2776756A1 (en) 2014-09-17
CN104114943B (en) 2018-03-20
CN104114943A (en) 2014-10-22
GB2496189A (en) 2013-05-08
GB201119163D0 (en) 2011-12-21
ES2654313T3 (en) 2018-02-13
DK2776756T3 (en) 2018-01-02
US20140313721A1 (en) 2014-10-23

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