WO2013075303A1 - 对电极活性材料、其制备方法、使用该对电极活性材料的太阳能电池对电极及其制备方法 - Google Patents

对电极活性材料、其制备方法、使用该对电极活性材料的太阳能电池对电极及其制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2013075303A1
WO2013075303A1 PCT/CN2011/082752 CN2011082752W WO2013075303A1 WO 2013075303 A1 WO2013075303 A1 WO 2013075303A1 CN 2011082752 W CN2011082752 W CN 2011082752W WO 2013075303 A1 WO2013075303 A1 WO 2013075303A1
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Prior art keywords
carbon aerogel
counter electrode
chloroplatinic acid
active material
electrode active
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
周明杰
王平
冯小明
陈吉星
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Oceans King Lighting Science and Technology Co Ltd
Shenzhen Oceans King Lighting Engineering Co Ltd
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Oceans King Lighting Science and Technology Co Ltd
Shenzhen Oceans King Lighting Engineering Co Ltd
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Priority to EP11876070.1A priority Critical patent/EP2784792A4/en
Priority to US14/360,295 priority patent/US20140332066A1/en
Priority to CN201180074536.2A priority patent/CN103918049A/zh
Priority to JP2014542658A priority patent/JP2015502046A/ja
Priority to PCT/CN2011/082752 priority patent/WO2013075303A1/zh
Publication of WO2013075303A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013075303A1/zh
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
    • H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
    • H01G9/2022—Light-sensitive devices characterized by he counter electrode
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/02—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition
    • C23C18/08—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition characterised by the deposition of metallic material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
    • H01G9/0029—Processes of manufacture
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/542—Dye sensitized solar cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of capacitors, and in particular to a counter electrode active material, a preparation method thereof, a solar cell counter electrode using the pair of electrode active materials, and a preparation method thereof.
  • Photovoltaic cells are usually composed of a nanocrystalline TiO 2 photoanode (working electrode) to which a dye is adsorbed, an electrolyte containing an I ⁇ /I 3 ⁇ redox couple, and a counter electrode.
  • the role of the electrode is to collect the electrons in the circuit outside the battery and transfer it to the electrolyte quickly and in a low-cost manner, while catalyzing the reduction of I 3 ⁇ in the electrolyte.
  • the counter electrode can also reflect the light that is not absorbed by the working electrode back to the working electrode for secondary absorption, thereby improving the absorption efficiency of sunlight. Therefore, as the counter electrode of DSSCs, it must have high catalytic activity, high carrier transport ability and good stability.
  • Porous carbon aerogels, activated carbon and other materials have a high specific surface area, and the catalytic reduction reaction has a large number of active centers, and is suitable for the counter electrode of a dye-sensitized solar cell.
  • the catalytic reduction ability of porous carbon aerogel, activated carbon, etc. to I 3 ⁇ is not high, resulting in low photoelectric conversion efficiency of the prepared solar cell.
  • a counter electrode active material comprising a carbon aerogel and platinum supported on the carbon aerogel, wherein the mass of the platinum in the electrode active material is 1% ⁇ 5%.
  • a method for preparing a counter electrode active material comprises the following steps: Step 1: providing a carbon aerogel and a chloroplatinic acid solution, the carbon aerogel having a specific surface area of 200 m 2 /g to 1000 m 2 /g; 2. The carbon aerogel is placed in the chloroplatinic acid solution to be ultrasonically dispersed to support chloroplatinic acid on the surface of the carbon aerogel.
  • the ratio of the carbon aerogel to the chloroplatinic acid solution is 1 g: 1000ml ⁇ 1g: 200mL, and then filtering and drying the obtained carbon aerogel loaded with chloroplatinic acid; Step 3, heating the carbon aerogel loaded with chloroplatinic acid under the protection of inert gas to load The chloroplatinic acid on the carbon aerogel is decomposed to form platinum, thereby obtaining a platinum-loaded carbon aerogel; in step 4, the platinum-loaded carbon aerogel is cooled and ground into a powder to obtain a counter electrode active material. .
  • the chloroplatinic acid solution has a mass concentration of 3% to 20%. .
  • the carbon aerogel in step two, is ultrasonically dispersed in the chloroplatinic acid solution for 2 hours to 10 hours. In an hour, the carbon aerogel loaded with chloroplatinic acid is vacuum dried at 80 ° C for 12 hours; in the third step, the inert gas is nitrogen, and the carbon aerogel loaded with chloroplatinic acid is in an inert gas. Heated to 300 under protection °C ⁇ 450 °C and keep warm for 5 minutes ⁇ 30 minutes.
  • a solar cell counter electrode comprising a conductive substrate and an active layer formed on the conductive substrate, the material of the active layer comprising a counter electrode active material, the counter electrode active material comprising a carbon aerogel and a load Platinum on a carbon aerogel having a mass content of the platinum in the counter electrode active material 1% ⁇ 5%.
  • the material of the active layer further comprises a binder, and the mass ratio of the counter electrode active material to the binder is 1:0.1 ⁇ 1:0.2.
  • the binder is hydroxymethylcellulose, ethylcellulose, polyvinylidene fluoride - Hexafluoropropylene copolymer or polytetrafluoroethylene.
  • a method for preparing a solar cell counter electrode comprises the following steps: Step 1: providing a carbon aerogel and a chloroplatinic acid solution, the carbon aerogel having a specific surface area of 200 m 2 /g to 1000 m 2 /g; 2. The carbon aerogel is placed in the chloroplatinic acid solution to be ultrasonically dispersed to support chloroplatinic acid on the surface of the carbon aerogel.
  • the ratio of the carbon aerogel to the chloroplatinic acid solution is 1 g: 1000ml ⁇ 1g: 200mL, and then filtering and drying the obtained carbon aerogel loaded with chloroplatinic acid; Step 3, heating the carbon aerogel loaded with chloroplatinic acid under the protection of inert gas to load The chloroplatinic acid on the carbon aerogel is decomposed to form platinum, thereby obtaining a platinum-loaded carbon aerogel; in step 4, the platinum-loaded carbon aerogel is cooled and ground into a powder to obtain a counter electrode active material. Step 5: Applying the counter electrode active material to the surface of the conductive substrate to obtain a solar cell counter electrode.
  • the chloroplatinic acid solution has a mass content of 3% to 20%.
  • the carbon aerogel is ultrasonically dispersed in the chloroplatinic acid solution for 2 hours to 10 hours, and the carbon aerogel loaded with chloroplatinic acid is vacuum dried at 80 ° C. 12
  • the inert gas is nitrogen, and the carbon aerogel loaded with chloroplatinic acid is heated to 300 ° C to 450 ° C under the protection of an inert gas for 5 minutes to 30 minutes.
  • the counter electrode active material and the binder are mixed and applied to the surface of the conductive substrate, and the binder is hydroxymethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, and polyposition.
  • Vinyl fluoride - The hexafluoropropylene copolymer or polytetrafluoroethylene has a mass ratio of the counter electrode active material to the binder of 1:0.1 to 1:0.2.
  • carbon aerogel has good electrical conductivity and high specific surface area, which makes the catalytic reduction reaction have more active centers and improves the overall catalytic ability. Platinum is supported on carbon aerogel, platinum.
  • the catalytic reduction ability to I 3 ⁇ is strong, thereby improving the catalytic reduction ability of the electrode active material to I 3 ⁇ while using the carbon aerogel to reduce the cost, thereby improving the solar cell using the pair of electrode active materials. Photoelectric conversion efficiency.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for preparing a counter electrode active material according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for preparing a solar cell counter electrode according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a solar cell prepared by an embodiment
  • Example 4 is a graph showing current density and voltage characteristics of a solar cell prepared in Example 1, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 2.
  • the electrode active material, the preparation method thereof, the solar cell counter electrode using the pair of electrode active materials and the preparation method thereof will be further described in detail below mainly with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
  • the counter electrode active material of one embodiment includes a carbon aerogel and platinum supported on the carbon aerogel, and the mass content of platinum in the counter electrode active material is 1% ⁇ 5%.
  • the carbon aerogel has a specific surface area of from 200 m 2 /g to 1000 m 2 /g.
  • carbon aerogel has good electrical conductivity and high specific surface area, which makes the catalytic reduction reaction have more active centers and improves the overall catalytic ability. Platinum is supported on carbon aerogel, platinum.
  • the catalytic reduction ability of I 3 ⁇ is strong, thereby improving the catalytic reduction ability of the electrode active material to I 3 ⁇ while using the carbon aerogel to reduce the cost, thereby improving the solar cell using the pair of electrode active materials. Photoelectric conversion efficiency.
  • a method for preparing a counter electrode active material includes the following steps:
  • Step S11 providing a carbon aerogel and a chloroplatinic acid solution, the carbon aerogel having a specific surface area of 200 m 2 /g to 1000 m 2 /g.
  • the solution of chloroplatinic acid is prepared by dissolving chloroplatinic acid hexahydrate (H 2 PtCl 6 ⁇ 6H 2 O) in a suitable solvent to prepare a solution having a mass concentration of 3% to 20%.
  • the pH of the solution is between 8.0 and 9.5 and the solvent is n-butanol, ethylene glycol or isopropanol.
  • Step S12 The carbon aerogel is placed in a chloroplatinic acid solution and ultrasonically dispersed to support the chloroplatinic acid on the surface of the carbon aerogel.
  • the ratio of the carbon aerogel to the chloroplatinic acid solution is 1 g: 1000 ml ⁇ 1 g: 200 mL. After that, the obtained carbonaceous aerogel loaded with chloroplatinic acid was filtered and dried.
  • the carbon aerogel is ultrasonically dispersed in a chloroplatinic acid solution for 2 hours to 10 hours. After an hour, the carbon aerogel loaded with chloroplatinic acid was vacuum dried at 80 °C for 12 hours.
  • Step S13 The carbon aerogel loaded with chloroplatinic acid is heated under the protection of an inert gas to decompose chloroplatinic acid supported on the carbon aerogel to form platinum, thereby obtaining a platinum-loaded carbon aerogel.
  • the inert gas is nitrogen
  • the carbon aerogel loaded with chloroplatinic acid is heated to 300 ° C under the protection of an inert gas. ⁇ 450 ° C and keep warm for 5 minutes ⁇ 30 minutes.
  • Step S14 cooling the platinum-loaded carbon aerogel and grinding it into a powder to obtain a counter electrode active material.
  • the platinum-carrying carbon aerogel is cooled to room temperature and then ground into a powder by a ball mill.
  • the preparation method of the pair of electrode active materials is relatively simple, and the prepared electrode active material has high catalytic reduction ability to I 3 ⁇ , thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell using the pair electrode active material.
  • the solar cell counter electrode of an embodiment includes a conductive substrate and an active layer formed on the conductive substrate, the material of the active layer comprises a counter electrode active material, the counter electrode active material comprises a carbon aerogel and platinum supported on the carbon aerogel, and the platinum is in the counter electrode active material Mass content is 1% ⁇ 5%.
  • the carbon aerogel has a specific surface area of from 200 m 2 /g to 1000 m 2 /g.
  • the conductive substrate is a conductive glass or a metal foil.
  • the thickness of the active layer is from 18 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m.
  • the carbon aerogel has good electrical conductivity and high specific surface area, which makes the catalytic reduction reaction have more active centers and improves the overall catalytic ability.
  • the platinum is supported on the carbon gas.
  • platinum has a strong catalytic reduction ability to I 3 ⁇ , which improves the catalytic reduction ability of the electrode active material to I 3 ⁇ while using carbon aerogel to reduce the cost, thereby improving the use of the pair of electrodes. Photoelectric conversion efficiency of solar cells.
  • the material of the active layer further comprises a binder, and the mass ratio of the electrode active material to the binder is 1:0.1 ⁇ 1:0.2 .
  • the binder is hydroxymethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, polyvinylidene fluoride - Hexafluoropropylene copolymer or polytetrafluoroethylene.
  • an active layer is formed by mixing a platinum-carrying carbon aerogel with a binder and coating the conductive substrate.
  • a method for preparing a solar cell counter electrode includes the following steps:
  • Step S21 providing a carbon aerogel and a chloroplatinic acid solution, the carbon aerogel having a specific surface area of 200 m 2 /g to 1000 m 2 /g.
  • the solution of chloroplatinic acid is prepared by dissolving chloroplatinic acid hexahydrate (H 2 PtCl 6 ⁇ 6H 2 O) in a suitable solvent to prepare a solution having a mass concentration of 3% to 20%.
  • the pH of the solution is 8.0-9.5 and the solvent is n-butanol, ethylene glycol or isopropanol.
  • When adjusting the pH of the solution add sodium bicarbonate or acetic acid to adjust. If you need to increase the pH of the solution, add sodium bicarbonate. When you need to lower the pH of the solution, add acetic acid.
  • Step S22 The carbon aerogel is placed in a chloroplatinic acid solution and ultrasonically dispersed to support the chloroplatinic acid on the surface of the carbon aerogel.
  • the ratio of the carbon aerogel to the chloroplatinic acid solution is 1 g: 1000 ml ⁇ 1 g: 200 mL. After that, the obtained carbonaceous aerogel loaded with chloroplatinic acid was filtered and dried.
  • the carbon aerogel is ultrasonically dispersed in a chloroplatinic acid solution for 2 hours to 10 hours. After an hour, the carbon aerogel loaded with chloroplatinic acid was vacuum dried at 80 °C for 12 hours.
  • Step S23 The carbon aerogel loaded with chloroplatinic acid is heated under the protection of an inert gas to decompose chloroplatinic acid supported on the carbon aerogel to form platinum, thereby obtaining a platinum-loaded carbon aerogel.
  • the inert gas is nitrogen
  • the carbon aerogel loaded with chloroplatinic acid is heated to 300 ° C under the protection of an inert gas. ⁇ 450 ° C and keep warm for 5 minutes ⁇ 30 minutes.
  • Step S24 cooling the platinum-carrying carbon aerogel and grinding it into a powder to obtain a counter electrode active material.
  • the platinum-carrying carbon aerogel is cooled to room temperature and then ground into a powder by a ball mill.
  • Step S25 applying a counter electrode active material to the surface of the conductive substrate to obtain a solar cell counter electrode.
  • the electrode active material is applied to the surface of the conductive substrate to form an active layer having a thickness of 18 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m.
  • the active layer further comprises a binder, and the mass ratio of the carbon aerogel to the binder is 1:0.1 to 1:0.2.
  • the binder is hydroxymethylcellulose, ethylcellulose, polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer or polytetrafluoroethylene.
  • the binder is prepared by dissolving hydroxymethyl cellulose in ethanol, ethyl cellulose in ethanol, and polyvinylidene fluoride.
  • the hexafluoropropylene copolymer was dissolved in N-methylpyrrolidone, and polytetrafluoroethylene was used as a dispersing agent to form a suspension emulsion.
  • the mass concentration of hydroxymethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer is 2%, the concentration of polytetrafluoroethylene is 6%.
  • the mass ratio of the electrode active material to the binder is 1:0.1 ⁇ 1:0.2
  • the mixture was mixed, uniformly stirred, and covered on the surface of the conductive substrate to form an active layer by knife coating, followed by vacuum drying at 50 ° C for 10 hours to obtain a solar cell counter electrode.
  • the preparation method of the solar cell counter electrode is relatively simple, and the prepared counter electrode active material has high catalytic reduction ability to I 3 ⁇ , thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell using the pair electrode active material.
  • the titanium dioxide photoanode After preparing the solar cell counter electrode, the titanium dioxide photoanode is overlapped with the counter electrode, sealed, and then filled with the electrolyte to be assembled into a solar cell.
  • the titanium dioxide photoanode is prepared by coating the nano titanium dioxide colloid onto the conductive substrate by means of knife coating or printing, and then calcining at a high temperature, and then immersing the titanium dioxide photoanode in the dye solution to soak The photosensitive dye was adsorbed for 24 hours.
  • Ethyl cellulose was dissolved in ethanol, and the above prepared platinum-supported carbon aerogel was added, wherein the mass ratio of carbon aerogel to ethyl cellulose was 1:0.1. .
  • the surface of the fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) conductive glass was covered by a doctor blade method, and then vacuum-dried at 50 ° C for 10 hours to obtain a thickness of the active layer of 18 ⁇ m.
  • the prepared counter electrode was sealed with a dye-adsorbed nano-titanium dioxide photoanode, and then the electrolyte was poured to assemble a dye-sensitized solar cell.
  • FIG. 3 is a structural diagram of the prepared solar cell.
  • the solar cell 100 includes a counter electrode 10 and a photoanode. 30, sealing material 50, porous semiconductor film 70 and electrolyte 90.
  • the counter electrode includes a conductive substrate 12 and an active layer 14 formed on the conductive substrate 12.
  • Conductive substrate 12 A substrate 122 and a conductive film 124 covering the substrate 122 are included.
  • the photoanode 30 includes a substrate 32 and a conductive film 34 overlying the substrate 32. Photoanode 30 and counter electrode 10 Interval settings and parallel to each other.
  • the porous semiconductor film 70 is disposed on the side of the photoanode 30 adjacent to the counter electrode 10.
  • Sealing material 50 is disposed on photoanode 30 and counter electrode 10 The edges are sealed to seal the photoanode 30 and the counter electrode 10.
  • the electrolyte 90 is housed in an enclosed space formed by the photoanode 30, the counter electrode 10, and the sealing material 50.
  • a 1 g carbon aerogel was placed in a 500 mL isopropyl alcohol solution having a 5% concentration of chloroplatinic acid.
  • the specific surface area of the carbon aerogel was 450 m 2 /g, the pH was adjusted to 9.5, and the ultrasonic dispersion was carried out for 8 hours. Filtration was then carried out and the filter cake was dried under vacuum at 80 °C for 12 hours. It was then transferred to a tube furnace and heated to 400 ° C under N 2 protection for 20 minutes to decompose chloroplatinic acid into platinum, then cooled to room temperature and ground to a powder.
  • the prepared counter electrode was sealed with a dye-adsorbed nano-titanium dioxide photoanode, and then the electrolyte was poured to assemble a dye-sensitized solar cell.
  • the prepared counter electrode was sealed with a dye-adsorbed nano-titanium dioxide photoanode, and then the electrolyte was poured to assemble a dye-sensitized solar cell.
  • the prepared platinum-loaded carbon aerogel is added to a polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion (PTFE), wherein the mass ratio of the polytetrafluoroethylene to the carbon aerogel is 1:0.2, after uniformly mixing, the surface of the stainless steel foil was covered by a doctor blade method, and then vacuum dried at 50 ° C for 10 hours to obtain a thickness of the active layer of 50 ⁇ m.
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion
  • the prepared counter electrode was sealed with a dye-adsorbed nano-titanium dioxide photoanode, and then the electrolyte was poured to assemble a dye-sensitized solar cell.
  • Comparative Example 1 The prepared solar cell was substantially the same as the solar cell prepared in Example 1, except that: Comparative Example 1 There is no platinum supported in the carbon aerogel of the counter electrode.
  • the solar cell prepared in Comparative Example 2 was substantially the same as the solar cell prepared in Example 1, except that the preparation process of the counter electrode in Comparative Example 2 was: dissolving chloroplatinic acid hexahydrate (H 2 PtCl 6 ⁇ 6H 2 O) In isopropyl alcohol, a solution having a concentration of 3% by mass is prepared; then, chloroplatinic acid is spin-coated on the surface of a clean conductive glass by spin coating, dried at 40 ° C, and spin-coated after drying. Dry, so repeated four times. Then, it was placed in a muffle furnace and fired at 400 ° C for 20 minutes. After being cooled, it was taken out to obtain a platinum-plated counter electrode.
  • chloroplatinic acid hexahydrate H 2 PtCl 6 ⁇ 6H 2 O
  • isopropyl alcohol a solution having a concentration of 3% by mass is prepared; then, chloroplatinic acid is spin-coated on the surface of a clean conductive glass by spin
  • FIG. 4 is a graph showing current density-voltage characteristics of the solar cells prepared in Example 1, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 2.
  • Table 1 shows the photovoltaic performance data of the solar cells prepared in Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2. It can be seen from Fig. 4 and Table 1 that the counter electrode made of platinum-loaded carbon aerogel is assembled, and after being assembled into a solar cell, the obtained photovoltaic performance data is close to or exceeds that of the solar cell fabricated by platinized electrode, and its performance is also It is significantly higher than the carbon aerogel counter electrode without platinum. This is because a large amount of platinum supported on the carbon aerogel has a very high catalytic ability.
  • the carbon aerogel material of the invention Since the comparative area of the carbon aerogel is large, the catalytic active center is increased, and the catalytic reduction ability of the pair of electrodes I 3 ⁇ is improved, so It is advantageous for the improvement of photoelectric conversion efficiency, and the carbon aerogel material of the invention has wide sources and low price.

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Abstract

一种对电极活性材料，包括碳气凝胶及负载在所述碳气凝胶上的铂，所述铂在所述对电极活性材料中的质量含量为1%~5%。上述对电极活性材料具有较高的光电转换效率。此外，还提供了一种该对电极活性材料的制备方法、使用该对电极活性材料的太阳能电池对电极及该太阳能电池对电极的制备方法。

Description

对电极活性材料、其制备方法、使用该对电极活性材料的太阳能电池对电极及其制备方法
【技术领域】
本发明涉及电容器领域，特别涉及一种对电极活性材料、其制备方法、使用该对电极活性材料的太阳能电池对电极及其制备方法。
【背景技术】
自 1991 年瑞士洛桑工学院的 Grätzel 教授等人首次利用纳米技术，对染料敏化太阳能电池的光电转化效率取得突破性进展以来，染料敏化太阳能电池 (DSSCs) 以其简单的制作工艺，低廉的成本和良好的应用前景而备受关注。这种光伏电池的制作成本仅为硅太阳能电池的 1/5 ～ 1/10 ，使用寿命能够达到 20 年以上，被人们认为是最有希望取代硅基太阳能电池的下一代太阳能电池。
光伏电池通常是由吸附有染料的纳米晶 TiO2 光 阳极 ( 工作电极 ) 、含有 I−/I3 − 氧化还原电对的电解质和对电极三部分组成。对电极的作用是收集电池外电路的电子，并把它快速、低耗地传递给电解质，同时催化还原电解质中的 I3 − 。此外对电极还可以将工作电极未吸收的光反射回到工作电极进行二次吸收，提高太阳光的吸收效率。因此，作为 DSSCs 的对电极，必须具备有高催化活性、高载流子传输能力以及良好的稳定性。
多孔碳气凝胶、活性炭等材料由于有 高比表面积，使催化还原反应的活性中心特别多，适合制作 染料敏化太阳能电池的对电极。然而，多孔碳气凝胶、活性炭等对 I3 − 的催化还原能力不高，致使制备的太阳能电池的光电转换效率较低。
【发明内容】
基于此，有必要提供一种光电转换效率较高的电极活性材料、其制备方法、使用该对电极活性材料的太阳能电池对电极及其制备方法。
一种对电极活性材料，包括碳气凝胶及负载在所述碳气凝胶上的铂，所述铂在所述电极活性材料中的质量含量为 1%~5% 。
一种对电极活性材料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：步骤一、提供碳气凝胶及氯铂酸溶液，所述碳气凝胶的比表面积为 200m2/g~1000 m2/g ；步骤二、将所述碳气凝胶放入所述氯铂酸溶液中超声分散使氯铂酸负载在所述碳气凝胶表面，所述碳气凝胶与氯铂酸溶液的比例为 1g :1000ml~1g ： 200mL ，之后过滤并将得到的负载有氯铂酸的碳气凝胶干燥；步骤三、将所述负载有氯铂酸的碳气凝胶在惰性气体的保护下加热使负载在所述碳气凝胶上的氯铂酸分解生成铂，从而得到负载有铂的碳气凝胶；步骤四、将所述负载有铂的碳气凝胶冷却后研磨成粉末得到对电极活性材料。
在优选的实施例中，步骤一中，所述氯铂酸溶液的质量浓度为 3%~20% 。。
在优选的实施例中，步骤二中，所述碳气凝胶放入所述氯铂酸溶液中超声分散 2 小时 ~10 小时，所述负载有氯铂酸的碳气凝胶在 80 ℃ 下真空干燥 12 小时；步骤三中，所述惰性气体为氮气，所述负载有氯铂酸的碳气凝胶在惰性气体的保护下加热到 300 ℃ ~450℃并保温5 分钟 ~30 分钟。
一种太阳能电池对电极，包括导电基底及形成于所述导电基底上的活性层，所述活性层的材料包括对电极活性材料，所述对电极活性材料包括碳气凝胶及负载在所述碳气凝胶上的铂，所述铂在所述对电极活性材料中的质量含量为 1%~5% 。
在优选的实施例中，所述活性层的材料还包括粘合剂，所述对电极活性材料和所述粘合剂的质量比为 1:0.1~1:0.2 。
在优选的实施例中，所述粘结剂为羟甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素、聚偏氟乙烯 - 六氟丙烯共聚物或聚四氟乙烯。
一种太阳能电池对电极的制备方法，包括如下步骤：步骤一、提供碳气凝胶及氯铂酸溶液，所述碳气凝胶的比表面积为 200m2/g~1000 m2/g ；步骤二、将所述碳气凝胶放入所述氯铂酸溶液中超声分散使氯铂酸负载在所述碳气凝胶表面，所述碳气凝胶与氯铂酸溶液的比例为 1g :1000ml~1g ： 200mL ，之后过滤并将得到的负载有氯铂酸的碳气凝胶干燥；步骤三、将所述负载有氯铂酸的碳气凝胶在惰性气体的保护下加热使负载在所述碳气凝胶上的氯铂酸分解生成铂，从而得到负载有铂的碳气凝胶；步骤四、将所述负载有铂的碳气凝胶冷却后研磨成粉末得到对电极活性材料；步骤五、将所述对电极活性材料涂敷至导电基底表面得到太阳能电池对电极。
在优选的实施例中，步骤一中，所述氯铂酸溶液的质量含量为 3%~20% ；步骤二中，所述碳气凝胶放入所述氯铂酸溶液中超声分散 2 小时 ~10 小时，所述负载有氯铂酸的碳气凝胶在 80 ℃ 下真空干燥 12 小时；步骤三中，所述惰性气体为氮气，所述负载有氯铂酸的碳气凝胶在惰性气体的保护下加热到 300 ℃ ~450℃并保温5 分钟 ~30 分钟。
在优选的实施例中，步骤五中，将所述对电极活性材料和粘合剂混合后涂敷至导电基底表面，所述粘合剂为羟甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素、聚偏氟乙烯 - 六氟丙烯共聚物或聚四氟乙烯，所述对电极活性材料与粘合剂的质量比为 1:0.1~1:0.2 。
该对电极活性材料中，碳气凝胶的导电性能较好，且具有高比表面积，使催化还原反应的活性中心较多，提高了整体的催化能力，铂负载在碳气凝胶上，铂对 对 I3 − 的催化还原能力较强，从而在使用碳气凝胶降低成本的同时提高了对电极活性材料对 I3 − 的催化还原能力，进而提高了使用该对电极活性材料的太阳能电池的光电转换效率。
【附图说明】
图 1 为一实施方式的对电极活性材料的制备方法流程图；
图 2 为一实施方式的太阳能电池对电极的制备方法流程图；
图 3 为一实施方式制备的太阳能电池的结构示意图；
图 4 为实施例 1 、对比例 1 及对比例 2 制备的太阳能电池的电流密度与电压特性曲线图。
【具体实施方式】
下面主要结合附图及具体实施例对对电极活性材料、其制备方法、使用该对电极活性材料的太阳能电池对电极及其制备方法作进一步详细的说明。
一实施方式的对电极活性材料包括碳气凝胶及负载在碳气凝胶上的铂，铂在对电极活性材料中的质量含量为 1%~5% 。
碳气凝胶的比表面积为 200m2/g~1000 m2/g 。
该对电极活性材料中，碳气凝胶的导电性能较好，且具有高比表面积，使催化还原反应的活性中心较多，提高了整体的催化能力，铂负载在碳气凝胶上，铂对 I3 − 的催化还原能力较强，从而在使用碳气凝胶降低成本的同时提高了对电极活性材料对 I3 − 的催化还原能力，进而提高了使用该对电极活性材料的太阳能电池的光电转换效率。
请参阅图 1 ，一实施方式的对电极活性材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤 S11 、提供碳气凝胶及氯铂酸溶液，碳气凝胶的比表面积为 200m2/g~1000 m2/g 。
本实施方式中， 氯铂酸的溶液是将六水合氯铂酸 (H2PtCl6·6H2O) 溶于适当溶剂中，配制成质量浓度为 3%~20% 之间的溶液，并调节溶液的 PH 值为 8.0-9.5 之间，溶剂为正丁醇、乙二醇或异丙醇。调节溶液的 PH 值时，加入碳酸氢钠或醋酸进行调节，如需要调高溶液的 PH 值时，则加入碳酸氢钠，需要调低溶液的 PH 值时，则加入醋酸。
步骤 S12 、将碳气凝胶放入氯铂酸溶液中超声分散使氯铂酸负载在碳气凝胶表面，碳气凝胶与氯铂酸溶液的比例为 1g :1000ml~1g ： 200mL ，之后过滤并将得到的负载有氯铂酸的碳气凝胶干燥。
本实施方式中，将碳气凝胶放入氯铂酸溶液中超声分散 2 小时 ~10 小时，过滤后将负载有氯铂酸的碳气凝胶在 80 ℃ 下真空干燥 12 小时。
步骤 S13 、将负载有氯铂酸的碳气凝胶在惰性气体的保护下加热使负载在碳气凝胶上的氯铂酸分解生成铂，从而得到负载有铂的碳气凝胶。
本实施方式中，惰性气体为氮气，负载有氯铂酸的碳气凝胶在惰性气体的保护下加热到 300 ℃ ~450℃并保温5 分钟 ~30 分钟。
步骤 S14 、将负载有铂的碳气凝胶冷却后研磨成粉末得到对电极活性材料。
本实施方式中，将负载有铂的碳气凝胶冷却至室温后用球磨机研磨成粉末。
该对电极活性材料的制备方法较为简单，制备的对电极活性材料 对 I3 − 的催化还原能力 较高 ，进而提高了使用该对电极活性材料的太阳能电池的光电转换效率。
一实施方式的太阳能电池对电极包括 导电基底及形成于导电基底上的活性层，活性层的材料包括对电极活性材料，对电极活性材料包括碳气凝胶及负载在碳气凝胶上的铂，铂在对电极活性材料中的质量含量为 1%~5% 。
碳气凝胶的比表面积为 200m2/g~1000 m2/g 。
本实施方式中，导电基底为导电玻璃或金属薄片。活性层的厚度为 18μm~50μm 。
该天阳能电池对电极的活性材料中，碳气凝胶的导电性能较好，且具有高比表面积，使催化还原反应的活性中心较多，提高了整体的催化能力，铂负载在碳气凝胶上，铂对 I3 − 的催化还原能力较强，从而在使用碳气凝胶降低成本的同时提高了对电极活性材料对 I3 − 的催化还原能力，进而提高了使用该对电极的太阳能电池的光电转换效率。
进一步的，活性层的材料还包括粘合剂， 对电极活性材料 和粘合剂的质量比为 1:0.1~1:0.2 。粘结剂为羟甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素、聚偏氟乙烯 - 六氟丙烯共聚物或聚四氟乙烯。本实施方式中，通过将负载有铂的碳气凝胶与粘合剂混合后涂敷在导电基底上面形成活性层。
请参阅图 2 ，一实施方式的太阳能电池对电极的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤 S21 、提供碳气凝胶及氯铂酸溶液，碳气凝胶的比表面积为 200m2/g~1000 m2/g 。
本实施方式中， 氯铂酸的溶液是将六水合氯铂酸 (H2PtCl6·6H2O) 溶于适当溶剂中，配制成质量浓度为 3%~20% 之间的溶液，并调节溶液的 PH 值为 8.0-9.5 ，溶剂为正丁醇、乙二醇或异丙醇。调节溶液的 PH 值时，加入碳酸氢钠或醋酸进行调节，如需要调高溶液的 PH 值时，则加入碳酸氢钠，需要调低溶液的 PH 值时，则加入醋酸。
步骤 S22 、将碳气凝胶放入氯铂酸溶液中超声分散使氯铂酸负载在碳气凝胶表面，碳气凝胶与氯铂酸溶液的比例为 1g :1000ml~1g ： 200mL ，之后过滤并将得到的负载有氯铂酸的碳气凝胶干燥。
本实施方式中，将碳气凝胶放入氯铂酸溶液中超声分散 2 小时 ~10 小时，过滤后将负载有氯铂酸的碳气凝胶在 80 ℃ 下真空干燥 12 小时。
步骤 S23 、将负载有氯铂酸的碳气凝胶在惰性气体的保护下加热使负载在碳气凝胶上的氯铂酸分解生成铂，从而得到负载有铂的碳气凝胶。
本实施方式中，惰性气体为氮气，负载有氯铂酸的碳气凝胶在惰性气体的保护下加热到 300 ℃ ~450℃并保温5 分钟 ~30 分钟。
步骤 S24 、将负载有铂的碳气凝胶冷却后研磨成粉末得到对电极活性材料。
本实施方式中，将负载有铂的碳气凝胶冷却至室温后用球磨机研磨成粉末。
步骤 S25 、将对电极活性材料涂敷至导电基底表面得到太阳能电池对电极。
本实施方式中对电极活性材料涂敷至导电基底表面形成厚度为 18μm~50μm 的活性层。
进一步的，活性层还包括粘合剂， 碳气凝胶和粘合剂的质量比为 1:0.1~1:0.2 。粘合剂为羟甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素、聚偏氟乙烯 - 六氟丙烯共聚物或聚四氟乙烯。该粘合剂是将羟甲基纤维素采用乙醇溶解，乙基纤维素采用乙醇溶解，聚偏氟乙烯 - 六氟丙烯共聚物采用 N- 甲基吡咯烷酮溶解，聚四氟乙烯采用乙醇作为分散剂形成悬浮乳液。其中羟甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素、聚偏氟乙烯 - 六氟丙烯共聚物的质量浓度为 2% ，聚四氟乙烯的质量浓度为 6% 。制备时，将对电极活性材料与粘合剂按质量比为 1:0.1~1:0.2 进行混合，搅拌均匀后通过刮涂的方式覆盖于导电基底表面形成活性层，之后在 50 ℃ 下真空干燥 10 小时得到太阳能电池对电极。
该对太阳能电池对电极的制备方法较为简单，制备的对电极活性材料 对 I3 − 的催化还原能力 较高 ，进而提高了使用该对电极活性材料的太阳能电池的光电转换效率。
制备太阳能电池对电极后将二氧化钛光阳极与对电极重叠、密封后灌注电解质即可组装成为太阳能电池。其中，二氧化钛光阳极制备过程为，将纳米二氧化钛胶体通过刮涂或印刷的方式覆盖至导电基底上，之后经过高温煅烧，之后将二氧化钛光阳极浸入染料溶液中浸泡 24 小时吸附光敏染料。
以下为具体实施例部分：
实施例 1
将 1g 碳气凝胶置于 200mL 氯铂酸质量浓度为 3% 的异丙醇溶液中，碳气凝胶的比表面积为 200 m2/g ，调节 PH 值为 9 ，超声分散 10 小时，然后进行过滤，将滤饼在 80℃ 下真空干燥 12 小时。随后转入管式炉中，在 N2 保护下，加热到 80℃ 并保温 20 分钟，使氯铂酸分解成铂，然后冷却至室温并研磨成粉末。
将乙基纤维素用乙醇溶解，加入上述制备好的铂负载的碳气凝胶，其中碳气凝胶与乙基纤维素的质量比为 1:0.1 。混合均匀后，用刮涂的方法覆盖在氟掺杂氧化锡（ FTO ）导电玻璃表面，然后在 50℃ 下真空干燥 10 小时，得到活性层的厚度为 18μm 。
将上述制备好的对电极与吸附有染料的纳米二氧化钛光阳极进行密封，然后灌注电解质，组装成染料敏化太阳能电池。
请参阅图 3 ，图 3 所示为制备的太阳能电池的结构图，太阳能电池 100 包括对电极 10 、光阳极 30 、密封材料 50 、多孔半导体薄膜 70 及电解质 90 。对电极包括导电基底 12 及形成于导电基底 12 上的活性层 14 。导电基底 12 包括基板 122 及覆盖于基板 122 上的导电薄膜 124 。光阳极 30 包括基板 32 及覆盖于基板 32 上的导电薄膜 34 。光阳极 30 与对电极 10 间隔设置且相互平行。多孔半导体薄膜 70 设置于光阳极 30 邻近对电极 10 的一侧。密封材料 50 设置于光阳极 30 及对电极 10 的边缘以将光阳极 30 及对电极 10 密封。电解质 90 收容于由光阳极 30 、对电极 10 及密封材料 50 形成的封闭空间内。
实施例 2
将 1g 碳气凝胶置于 500 mL 氯铂酸质量浓度为 5% 的异丙醇溶液中，碳气凝胶的比表面积为 450 m2/g ， 调节 PH 值为 9.5 ，超声分散 8 小时。然后进行过滤，将滤饼在 80℃ 下真空干燥 12 小时。随后转入管式炉中，在 N2 保护条件下，加热到 400℃ 并保温 20 分钟，使氯铂酸分解成铂，然后冷却至室温并研磨成粉末。
将羟甲基纤维素用正丁醇溶解，然后加入上述制备好的铂负载的碳气凝胶，其中碳气凝胶与羟甲基纤维素的质量比为 1:0.15 。混合均匀后，用刮涂的方法覆盖在氟掺杂氧化锡（ FTO ）导电玻璃表面，然后在 50℃ 下真空干燥 10 小时，得到活性层的厚度为 15μm 。
将上述制备好的对电极与吸附有染料的纳米二氧化钛光阳极进行密封，然后灌注电解质，组装成染料敏化太阳能电池。
实施例 3
将 1g 碳气凝胶置于 1000 mL 氯铂酸质量浓度为 10% 的异丙醇溶液中， 所述碳气凝胶的比表面积为 1000 m2/g ， 调节 PH 值为 8 ，超声分散 5 小时。然后进行过滤，将滤饼在 80℃ 下真空干燥 10 小时。随后转入管式炉中，在 N2 保护条件下，加热到 300℃ 并保温 30 分钟，使氯铂酸分解成铂，然后冷却至室温并研磨成粉末。
将聚偏氟乙烯 - 六氟丙烯共聚物用 N- 甲基吡咯烷酮溶解，然后加入上述制备好的铂负载的碳气凝胶，其中碳气凝胶与聚偏氟乙烯 - 六氟丙烯共聚物的质量比为 1:0.1 。混合均匀后，用刮涂的方法覆盖在不锈钢金属薄片表面，然后在 50℃ 下真空干燥 10 小时，得到活性层的厚度为 35μm 。
将上述制备好的对电极与吸附有染料的纳米二氧化钛光阳极进行密封，然后灌注电解质，组装成染料敏化太阳能电池。
实施例 4
将 1g 碳气凝胶置于 800 mL 氯铂酸质量浓度为 20% 的乙二醇溶液中， 所述碳气凝胶的比表面积为 600 m2/g ， 调节 PH 值为 8.5 ，超声分散 2 小时。然后进行过滤，将滤饼在 80℃ 下真空干燥 10 小时。随后转入管式炉中，在 N2 保护条件下，加热到 450℃ 并保温 5 分钟，使氯铂酸分解成铂，然后冷却至室温并研磨成粉末。
上述制备好的铂负载的碳气凝胶加入到聚四氟乙烯乳液（ PTFE ）中，其中聚四氟乙烯与碳气凝胶的质量比为 1:0.2 ，混合均匀后，用刮涂的方法覆盖在不锈钢金属薄片表面，然后在 50℃ 下真空干燥 10 小时，得到活性层的厚度为 50μm 。
将上述制备好的对电极与吸附有染料的纳米二氧化钛光阳极进行密封，然后灌注电解质，组装成染料敏化太阳能电池。
对比例 1
对比例 1 制备的太阳能电池与实施例 1 中制备的太阳能电池大致相同，其不同在于：对比例 1 的对电极的碳气凝胶中没有负载铂。
对比例 2
对比例 2 制备的太阳能电池与实施例 1 中制备的太阳能电池大致相同，其不同在于：对比例 2 中对电极制备过程为：将六水合氯铂酸 (H2PtCl6·6H2O) 溶于异丙醇中，配制成浓度为质量浓度为 3% 的溶液；然后通过旋涂的方法，将氯铂酸旋涂在干净的导电玻璃表面，在 40 ℃ 干燥，干燥完毕后继续旋涂，干燥，如此反复四次。随后将其置于马福炉中在 400 ℃ 烧制 20 分钟，待降温后取出，即制得镀铂对电极。
表 1
短路电流 (mA/cm2) 开路电压 (V) 填充因子 转换效率 (%)
实施例 1 12.74 0.74 0.71 6.69
实施例 2 12.25 0.74 0.72 6.52
实施例 3 11.95 0.73 0.71 6.19
实施例 4 11.67 0.74 0.70 6.05
对比例 1 11.15 0.74 0.70 5.78
对比例 2 12.36 0.74 0.73 6.68
请参阅图 4 及表 1 ，图 4 所示为实施例 1 、对比例 1 及对比例 2 制备的太阳能电池的电流密度 - 电压特性曲线。表 1 为实施例 1~4 、对比例 1~2 制备的太阳能电池的光伏性能数据。从图 4 及表 1 可以看出发明采用铂负载的碳气凝胶制作的对电极，经组装成太阳能电池后，所得光伏性能数据接近甚至超过以镀铂电极制作的太阳能电池，同时其性能也明显高于未负载有铂的碳气凝胶对电极。这是由于碳气凝胶上负载的大量铂具有非常高的催化能力，由于碳气凝胶的比较面积大，因此催化活性中心多，提高了该对电极 I3 − 的催化还原能力， 因此有利于光电转换效率的提高，且本发明中碳气凝胶材料来源广泛，价格低廉。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此，本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种对电极活性材料，包括碳气凝胶，其特征在于，所述对电极活性材料还包括负载在所述碳气凝胶上的铂，所述铂在所述对电极活性材料中的质量含量为 1%~5% 。
  2. 一种对电极活性材料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
    步骤一、提供碳气凝胶及氯铂酸溶液，所述碳气凝胶的比表面积为 200m2/g~1000 m2/g ；
    步骤二、将所述碳气凝胶放入所述氯铂酸溶液中超声分散使氯铂酸负载在所述碳气凝胶表面，所述碳气凝胶与氯铂酸溶液的比例为 1g :1000ml~1g ： 200mL ，之后过滤并将得到的负载有氯铂酸的碳气凝胶干燥；
    步骤三、将所述负载有氯铂酸的碳气凝胶在惰性气体的保护下加热使负载在所述碳气凝胶上的氯铂酸分解生成铂，从而得到负载有铂的碳气凝胶；
    步骤四、将所述负载有铂的碳气凝胶冷却后研磨成粉末得到对电极活性材料。
  3. 根据权利要求 2 所述的对电极活性材料的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤一中，所述氯铂酸溶液的质量浓度为 3%~20% 。
  4. 根据权利要求 2 所述的对电极活性材料的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤二中，所述碳气凝胶放入所述氯铂酸溶液中超声分散 2 小时 ~10 小时，所述负载有氯铂酸的碳气凝胶在 80 ℃ 下真空干燥 12 小时；步骤三中，所述惰性气体为氮气，所述负载有氯铂酸的碳气凝胶在惰性气体的保护下加热到 300 ℃ ~450℃并保温5 分钟 ~30 分钟。
  5. 一种太阳能电池对电极，包括导电基底及形成于所述导电基底上的活性层，所述活性层的材料包括对电极活性材料，所述对电极活性材料包括碳气凝胶，其特征在于，所述对电极活性材料还包括负载在所述碳气凝胶上的铂，所述铂在所述对电极活性材料中的质量含量为 1%~5% 。
  6. 根据权利要求 5 所述的太阳能电池对电极，其特征在于，所述活性层的材料还包括粘合剂，所述对电极活性材料和所述粘合剂的质量比为 1:0.1~1:0.2 。
  7. 根据权利要求 5 所述的太阳能电池，其特征在于，所述粘结剂为羟甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素、聚偏氟乙烯 - 六氟丙烯共聚物或聚四氟乙烯。
  8. 一种太阳能电池对电极的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
    步骤一、提供碳气凝胶及氯铂酸溶液，所述碳气凝胶的比表面积为 200m2/g~1000 m2/g ；
    步骤二、将所述碳气凝胶放入所述氯铂酸溶液中超声分散使氯铂酸负载在所述碳气凝胶表面，所述碳气凝胶与氯铂酸溶液的比例为 1g :1000ml~1g ： 200mL ，之后过滤并将得到的负载有氯铂酸的碳气凝胶干燥；
    步骤三、将所述负载有氯铂酸的碳气凝胶在惰性气体的保护下加热使负载在所述碳气凝胶上的氯铂酸分解生成铂，从而得到负载有铂的碳气凝胶；
    步骤四、将所述负载有铂的碳气凝胶冷却后研磨成粉末得到对电极活性材料；
    步骤五、将所述对电极活性材料涂敷至导电基底表面得到太阳能电池对电极。
  9. 根据权利要求 8 所述的太阳能电池对电极的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤一中，所述氯铂酸溶液的质量含量为 3%~20% ；步骤二中，所述碳气凝胶放入所述氯铂酸溶液中超声分散 2 小时 ~10 小时，所述负载有氯铂酸的碳气凝胶在 80 ℃ 下真空干燥 12 小时；步骤三中，所述惰性气体为氮气，所述负载有氯铂酸的碳气凝胶在惰性气体的保护下加热到 300 ℃ ~450℃并保温5 分钟 ~30 分钟。
  10. 根据权利要求 8 所述的太阳能电池对电极的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤五中，将所述对电极活性材料和粘合剂混合后涂敷至导电基底表面，所述粘合剂为羟甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素、聚偏氟乙烯 - 六氟丙烯共聚物或聚四氟乙烯，所述对电极活性材料与粘合剂的质量比为 1:0.1~1:0.2 。
PCT/CN2011/082752 2011-11-23 2011-11-23 对电极活性材料、其制备方法、使用该对电极活性材料的太阳能电池对电极及其制备方法 Ceased WO2013075303A1 (zh)

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