WO2013076402A1 - Procédé pour détecter la présence de bulles lors des opérations d'injection de résine pour la fabrication de pièces en composites fibreux - Google Patents
Procédé pour détecter la présence de bulles lors des opérations d'injection de résine pour la fabrication de pièces en composites fibreux Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2013076402A1 WO2013076402A1 PCT/FR2012/052614 FR2012052614W WO2013076402A1 WO 2013076402 A1 WO2013076402 A1 WO 2013076402A1 FR 2012052614 W FR2012052614 W FR 2012052614W WO 2013076402 A1 WO2013076402 A1 WO 2013076402A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- electrodes
- resin
- bubbles
- voltage
- mold
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C45/0025—Preventing defects on the moulded article, e.g. weld lines, shrinkage marks
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/22—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance
- G01N27/221—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance by investigating the dielectric properties
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/44—Resins; Plastics; Rubber; Leather
- G01N33/442—Resins; Plastics
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2063/00—Use of EP, i.e. epoxy resins or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2101/00—Use of unspecified macromolecular compounds as moulding material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
- B29K2105/12—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of short lengths, e.g. chopped filaments, staple fibres or bristles
Definitions
- the present patent application relates to a method for detecting the presence of bubbles and resin front during resin injection operations for the manufacture of fibrous composite parts.
- the fibrous composite parts comprise a network of fibers (carbon or glass for example) taken in a resin matrix cured by heat polymerization.
- the resin may be for example an organic resin (this is called "CMO”: composite organic matrix - epoxy for example), a geopolymer resin, a pre-ceramic resin.
- CMO organic resin
- geopolymer resin a pre-ceramic resin.
- Such parts are used in many industries, and especially in the aeronautical industry, because of their excellent strength / weight ratio, and their moderate manufacturing cost.
- liquid composite molding (LCM) type processes of the liquid composite molding (LCM) type, and more particularly methods of the resin transfer molding (RTM) type, consisting in injecting the resin under vacuum. through the fiber fabrics.
- RTM resin transfer molding
- a recurring disadvantage associated with these resin injection type processes is the appearance of air bubbles, resulting from competition between capillary forces and viscous forces.
- the present invention aims to remedy this penalizing situation.
- This object of the invention is achieved with a method of detecting bubbles during resin injection operations for the manufacture of fibrous composite parts by means of an installation comprising:
- This method makes it possible, thanks to electrical measurements that can be performed in a very simple way, to know the level of bubbles in the resin of the composite.
- said capacitance measurement is used to deduce the depolarization coefficients of said bubbles, and thus the shapes and sizes of these bubbles;
- a relatively low frequency is used for said input AC voltage source, said reference AC voltage is compared with a voltage value representing the theoretical value of whether the resin circulating between said electrodes was completely free of bubbles, and deduces said bubble ratio from the proportionality ratio between these two values.
- FIG. 1 represents the electrical diagram of the installation according to the invention
- FIG. 2 represents two electrodes of the installation according to the invention, with visualization of the edge effect parasitizing the measurements
- FIG. 3 represents the two electrodes of FIG. 2, to which two guard electrodes have been added in order to limit edge effects, and
- FIG. 4 represents the variation of the modulus of the reference AC voltage over time, as well as the variation of the module of a theoretical maximum AC voltage, corresponding to a total absence of bubbles in the medium on which the measurements are made. (Note that the measurement is a voltage that the sensor operates in capacitive or conductive mode).
- FIG. 1 on which two electrodes 1 and 3 have been represented, intended to be integrated in the mold and against the mold of an apparatus for manufacturing a fibrous composite part according to a method of the type with liquid resin injection (LCM process).
- LCD process liquid resin injection
- such a method consists in placing fiber fabrics, for example carbon or glass, between the mold and the counter-mold, and injecting a resin (epoxy, geopolymer or preceramic for example) into these tissues: the resin impregnates the fiber tissues by moving with a progression front.
- a resin epoxy, geopolymer or preceramic for example
- the progression of the resin through the fibers is very frequently accompanied by the creation of air bubbles, which can subsequently cause porosity. of the final part, which is not acceptable from the point of view of the mechanical strength of the part.
- the two electrodes 1 and 3 placed on either side of the medium formed by the liquid resin and the fibers will make it possible to detect the presence of bubbles before the polymerization step of the resin, as follows from the explanations that follow.
- An alternating voltage V in (t) is applied to the electrode 1 and a reference voltage V ref (t) is measured on the other electrode 3.
- V ref (t) is taken at the terminals of a circuit of the RC type comprising a resistor R ref and a capacitor C ref , this circuit being interposed between the mass M and the electrode 3.
- the two electrodes 1 and 3 are separated by a distance d substantially corresponding to the thickness of the part to be manufactured.
- the medium formed by the resin and the fibers can itself be modeled as a RC type circuit, having its own resistance R cap and its own capacity C cap .
- the method according to the invention consists in measuring the capacitance C ca p, which it was realized that it was representative of the presence, the quantity and the shape of the air bubbles trapped in the resin.
- This parasitic capacitance can be evaluated by filling the volume between electrodes of a material whose capacity is known, giving the evolution of Cparasite as a function of the capacitance variation between the electrodes.
- the other possibility is to take a simultaneous measurement on both sides of the electrode by swapping the electrodes and the reference.
- the ratio of these two voltages makes it possible to eliminate the parasitic capacitance.
- the last possibility is to keep the guard electrode at the same potential as the sensor, enabling both the suppression of edge effects and the elimination of external interference.
- EAIS E R j, e i fonctiennaixt sensor on the model of the electric conductivlté
- V ref thus making it possible to know the equivalent resistance R cap of the medium formed by the liquid resin and the fibers: the sensor formed by the electrodes 1 and 3 then operates according to the model of the electrical conductivity (it may then be judicious to suppress the capacitance reference which is then of no use).
- V ref (t) information relating to the presence, number and shape of the bubbles in the liquid resin can be accessed just before the polymerization.
- certain process parameters such as the injection pressure of the resin, can be corrected so as to try to absorb the bubbles present in the resin, and thus to avoid finding themselves in fine. with a polymerized part having an unacceptable porosity.
- the equipment required for the analysis of the voltage V ref (t) is a signal processing equipment, which may comprise a new condit ion of signals, f rding an analog signal to a sample-and-hold device, itself connected to an analog-to-digital converter.
- the role of the sample-and-hold device is to take instantaneous values and hold them at the input of the analog-to-digital converter for at least the time necessary for conversion.
- the digital sampler and digital frequency converter can be controlled by a logic circuit which gives the sampling order at the selected times.
- Such a logic function can be realized by a simple wired logic system or by a microprocessor which offers the possibility of programming the desired management.
- the output of the analog-to-digital converter may be either processed by a computer (see the following for bubble rate), or stored for later analysis, or further reconstituted in its original analog form by a digital-to-analog converter and exploited for the control of the process.
- FIG. 4 shows results that are typically obtained with the measuring device that has just been described.
- the abscissa of the graph of FIG. 4 represents the time, and the ordinate of this graph represents the value of the measured voltage V ref (t).
- the line F indicates the passage of the resin front to the right of the two electrodes 1 and 3.
- V re f (t) increases sharply upon the arrival of the front of the resin F, then continues to increase less significantly once the front has passed.
- V max represents the theoretical value of V re f if the liquid resin circulating between the two electrodes 1 and 3 was completely free of bubbles: it can be seen that in this case, the voltage V re f (t) would reach a plateau rigorously flat shortly after the passage of the resin front.
- a first way of determining the rate of bubbles in the resin is to operate the device described above, according to the capacitive mode, that is to say with high frequencies for the alternating voltage Vin (t) applied to the electrode 1.
- Another way to determine this rate is to operate the above-mentioned measuring device in resistive mode, that is to say with relatively low frequencies for the alternating voltage V in (t).
- the void ratio (bubble ratio) can be expressed as (1 - S) * 100.
- This signal in fact includes information relating to the permittivity of the various constituents of the medium (fibers, resin, vacuum), this permittivity being a function of the volume ratio of each of these constituents and their shape (more exactly of the arrangement of the surfaces in question). contact between the constituents in the measured volume).
- the method and the installation according to the invention make it possible, in a very simple way, to measure certain factors, such as the presence, the rate and the shape of the bubbles located at the interior of the liquid resin which will infuse through the fiber fabrics, just before the polymerization step.
- a single pair of electrodes 1, 3 has been shown in the context of the present description, but it should of course be understood that several pairs of electrodes can be arranged in several places of the mold and the counter-mold for making the part composite, in order to detect the presence of bubbles in different parts of the medium formed by the liquid resin and the fibers.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
- Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Measurement Of Resistance Or Impedance (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP12795535.9A EP2788743A1 (fr) | 2011-11-23 | 2012-11-13 | Procédé pour détecter la présence de bulles lors des opérations d'injection de résine pour la fabrication de pièces en composites fibreux |
| BR112014012130A BR112014012130A2 (pt) | 2011-11-23 | 2012-11-13 | método para detectar durante operações de injeção de resina para a fabricação de partes de compósitos de fibras, por meio de uma instalação |
| RU2014124911/28A RU2014124911A (ru) | 2011-11-23 | 2012-11-13 | Способ детектирования наличия пузырьков при операциях инжекции смолы для изготовления деталей из волокнистых композитов |
| CN201280057590.0A CN104053988A (zh) | 2011-11-23 | 2012-11-13 | 在制造纤维复合材料部件的树脂注塑操作期间检测气泡存在的方法 |
| CA2856269A CA2856269A1 (fr) | 2011-11-23 | 2012-11-13 | Procede pour detecter la presence de bulles lors des operations d'injection de resine pour la fabrication de pieces en composites fibreux |
| US14/285,894 US20140252686A1 (en) | 2011-11-23 | 2014-05-23 | Method for detecting the presence of bubbles during operations of injecting resin for the manufacture of fibre composite components |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1103562A FR2982954A1 (fr) | 2011-11-23 | 2011-11-23 | Procede pour detecter la presence de bulles lors des operations d'injection de resine pour la fabrication de pieces en composites fibreux |
| FR11/03562 | 2011-11-23 |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US14/285,894 Continuation US20140252686A1 (en) | 2011-11-23 | 2014-05-23 | Method for detecting the presence of bubbles during operations of injecting resin for the manufacture of fibre composite components |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2013076402A1 true WO2013076402A1 (fr) | 2013-05-30 |
Family
ID=47291129
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR2012/052614 Ceased WO2013076402A1 (fr) | 2011-11-23 | 2012-11-13 | Procédé pour détecter la présence de bulles lors des opérations d'injection de résine pour la fabrication de pièces en composites fibreux |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20140252686A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP2788743A1 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN104053988A (fr) |
| BR (1) | BR112014012130A2 (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2856269A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2982954A1 (fr) |
| RU (1) | RU2014124911A (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2013076402A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2018152211A1 (fr) * | 2017-02-14 | 2018-08-23 | Rolls-Royce Corporation | Capteur de capacité de propriété de matériau |
| CN110873737B (zh) * | 2018-09-03 | 2024-04-26 | 株式会社斯巴鲁 | 树脂含浸测定系统 |
| US10935477B2 (en) | 2019-03-27 | 2021-03-02 | Ford Motor Company | Method and apparatus for automatic detection of entrapped gas bubble location and repairing the same in dispensed adhesives, sealants, and mastics |
| CN118425486B (zh) * | 2024-07-03 | 2024-09-20 | 徐州鸿丰高分子材料有限公司 | 一种树脂产品检测分析方法、设备及存储介质 |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4288742A (en) * | 1979-12-18 | 1981-09-08 | Dartmouth College | Electrical moisture sensor |
| DE10004146A1 (de) * | 2000-01-25 | 2000-07-13 | Inst Verbundwerkstoffe Gmbh | Einrichtung zur Messung der Fließfront in Verstärkungsstrukturen |
| US6510358B1 (en) * | 1997-10-14 | 2003-01-21 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Impregnation process and device for monitoring the impregnation of a carrier material |
| FR2857752A1 (fr) * | 2003-07-16 | 2005-01-21 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Dispositif de mesure de la temperature de transition vitreuse d'un film de polymere. |
| WO2007120044A1 (fr) * | 2006-04-19 | 2007-10-25 | Kema Nederland B.V. | Capteur capacitif, procédé de fabrication d'un tel capteur et moule fourni avec un tel capteur. |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0871880A1 (fr) * | 1995-06-08 | 1998-10-21 | Instituut voor Milieu- en Agritechniek (IMAG-DLO) | Procede de determination du degre de durcissement d'un materiau |
| JP2001041918A (ja) * | 1999-08-03 | 2001-02-16 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | オイルの気体濃度検出装置 |
| CN100495268C (zh) * | 2004-03-11 | 2009-06-03 | 特征控制系统股份有限公司 | 用于改进和控制天然的和合成的可模塑化合物的固化的方法和设备 |
| US20130293246A1 (en) * | 2010-11-17 | 2013-11-07 | Advanced Liquid Logic Inc. | Capacitance Detection in a Droplet Actuator |
-
2011
- 2011-11-23 FR FR1103562A patent/FR2982954A1/fr active Pending
-
2012
- 2012-11-13 CA CA2856269A patent/CA2856269A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2012-11-13 WO PCT/FR2012/052614 patent/WO2013076402A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2012-11-13 EP EP12795535.9A patent/EP2788743A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-11-13 RU RU2014124911/28A patent/RU2014124911A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2012-11-13 CN CN201280057590.0A patent/CN104053988A/zh active Pending
- 2012-11-13 BR BR112014012130A patent/BR112014012130A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2014
- 2014-05-23 US US14/285,894 patent/US20140252686A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4288742A (en) * | 1979-12-18 | 1981-09-08 | Dartmouth College | Electrical moisture sensor |
| US6510358B1 (en) * | 1997-10-14 | 2003-01-21 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Impregnation process and device for monitoring the impregnation of a carrier material |
| DE10004146A1 (de) * | 2000-01-25 | 2000-07-13 | Inst Verbundwerkstoffe Gmbh | Einrichtung zur Messung der Fließfront in Verstärkungsstrukturen |
| FR2857752A1 (fr) * | 2003-07-16 | 2005-01-21 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Dispositif de mesure de la temperature de transition vitreuse d'un film de polymere. |
| WO2007120044A1 (fr) * | 2006-04-19 | 2007-10-25 | Kema Nederland B.V. | Capteur capacitif, procédé de fabrication d'un tel capteur et moule fourni avec un tel capteur. |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20140252686A1 (en) | 2014-09-11 |
| EP2788743A1 (fr) | 2014-10-15 |
| CN104053988A (zh) | 2014-09-17 |
| FR2982954A1 (fr) | 2013-05-24 |
| CA2856269A1 (fr) | 2013-05-30 |
| RU2014124911A (ru) | 2015-12-27 |
| BR112014012130A2 (pt) | 2017-05-30 |
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