WO2013078595A1 - 一种具有三元掺杂空穴传输层的有机电致发光器件及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种具有三元掺杂空穴传输层的有机电致发光器件及其制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2013078595A1
WO2013078595A1 PCT/CN2011/083053 CN2011083053W WO2013078595A1 WO 2013078595 A1 WO2013078595 A1 WO 2013078595A1 CN 2011083053 W CN2011083053 W CN 2011083053W WO 2013078595 A1 WO2013078595 A1 WO 2013078595A1
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layer
electroluminescent device
organic electroluminescent
transport layer
doping
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English (en)
French (fr)
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周明杰
王平
黄辉
陈吉星
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Oceans King Lighting Science and Technology Co Ltd
Shenzhen Oceans King Lighting Engineering Co Ltd
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Oceans King Lighting Science and Technology Co Ltd
Shenzhen Oceans King Lighting Engineering Co Ltd
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Priority to EP11876608.8A priority Critical patent/EP2787548A4/en
Priority to US14/347,039 priority patent/US20140319506A1/en
Priority to JP2014534909A priority patent/JP5781700B2/ja
Priority to CN201180073513.XA priority patent/CN103797600A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2011/083053 priority patent/WO2013078595A1/zh
Publication of WO2013078595A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013078595A1/zh
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
    • H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
    • H10K50/14—Carrier transporting layers
    • H10K50/15—Hole transporting layers
    • H10K50/155—Hole transporting layers comprising dopants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K71/00—Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K71/00—Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass
    • H10K71/10—Deposition of organic active material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K71/00—Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass
    • H10K71/30—Doping active layers, e.g. electron transporting layers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10K85/30—Coordination compounds
    • H10K85/321—Metal complexes comprising a group IIIA element, e.g. Tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) gallium [Gaq3]
    • H10K85/324—Metal complexes comprising a group IIIA element, e.g. Tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) gallium [Gaq3] comprising aluminium, e.g. Alq3
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
    • H10K85/631—Amine compounds having at least two aryl rest on at least one amine-nitrogen atom, e.g. triphenylamine
    • H10K85/636—Amine compounds having at least two aryl rest on at least one amine-nitrogen atom, e.g. triphenylamine comprising heteroaromatic hydrocarbons as substituents on the nitrogen atom

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of organic electroluminescence, and in particular relates to an organic electroluminescent device having a ternary doped hole transport layer and a preparation method thereof. Background technique
  • the principle of luminescence of organic electroluminescent devices is based on the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of electrons injected from the cathode into the organic matter under the action of an applied electric field, and the highest occupied orbit (HOMO) of holes injected from the anode to the organic matter.
  • the electrons and holes meet and combine in the luminescent layer to form excitons.
  • the excitons migrate under the action of the electric field, transfer energy to the luminescent material, and excite the electrons from the ground state to the excited state.
  • the excited state energy is deactivated by radiation to generate photons. , translation of light energy.
  • the current method for increasing the injection and transport rate of carriers is to dope into a hole transport material with a small amount of p-type materials (such as Mo0 3 , F4-TCNQ, 1-TANA, 2-TANA, etc.). (m-MTDATA, NPB, etc.).
  • p-type materials such as Mo0 3 , F4-TCNQ, 1-TANA, 2-TANA, etc.
  • the present invention provides an organic electroluminescent device having a ternary doped hole transport layer and a method of fabricating the same.
  • the present invention improves the hole injection and transport ability by doping the onium salt and the hole transport material into the metal compound to form p-doping, and finally improves the light-emitting efficiency, and the ternary-doped hole transport layer in the present invention
  • the material is mainly composed of metal compounds, and the preparation process is relatively difficult, which is beneficial to the industrial production of the device, and the processing cost is low, which is beneficial to future commercial applications.
  • the present invention provides an organic electroluminescent device having a ternary doped hole transport layer, the structure comprising a conductive anode substrate, a ternary doped hole transport layer, a light emitting layer, and an electron transport layer which are sequentially stacked.
  • the electron injecting layer and the cathode layer are made of a mixed material formed by doping a hole transporting material into a metal compound.
  • the conductive anode substrate may be a conductive glass substrate selected from the group consisting of indium tin oxide glass (ITO), fluorine-doped tin oxide glass (FTO), aluminum-doped zinc oxide glass ( ⁇ ) or indium-doped zinc oxide glass ( ⁇ ).
  • ITO indium tin oxide glass
  • FTO fluorine-doped tin oxide glass
  • ⁇ aluminum-doped zinc oxide glass
  • ⁇ indium-doped zinc oxide glass
  • the material of the ternary doped hole transport layer is mainly composed of a metal compound, and the cesium salt and the hole transporting material are doped in the metal compound to form a mixed material.
  • the ternary doped hole transport layer can be obtained by the following method: doping a cerium salt, a hole transporting material, and a metal compound by electron beam evaporation to form a mixed material.
  • a ternary doped hole transport layer is deposited on the conductive anode substrate.
  • the metal compound is a metal oxide (e.g., zinc oxide (ZnO) or titanium dioxide (Ti0 2 )) or a metal sulfide (e.g., zinc sulfide (ZnS) or lead sulfide (PbS)).
  • a metal oxide e.g., zinc oxide (ZnO) or titanium dioxide (Ti0 2 )
  • a metal sulfide e.g., zinc sulfide (ZnS) or lead sulfide (PbS)
  • the onium salt is azide (CsN 3 ), cesium fluoride (CsF ), cesium carbonate (Cs 2 C0 3 ) or cesium oxide (Cs 2 0 ).
  • the doping salt has a doping mass fraction of from 1% to 5%.
  • the hole transporting material is 1,1-di[4-[indole, ⁇ '-bis(P-fluorenylphenyl)amino]phenyl]cyclohexane (TAPC), N, N,-bis(3-mercaptophenyl)-N,N,-diphenyl-4,4,-biphenylenediamine (TPD), 4,4',4"-three (carbazole-9-yl)triphenylamine (TCTA) or N,N,-(1-naphthyl)-N,N,-diphenyl-4,4,-biphenyldiamine (NPB).
  • TAPC 1,1-di[4-[indole, ⁇ '-bis(P-fluorenylphenyl)amino]phenyl]cyclohexane
  • TPD N, N,-bis(3-mercaptophenyl)-N,N,-diphenyl-4,4,-bipheny
  • the thickness of the ternary doped hole transport layer is from 20 to 60 nm.
  • the metal compound can improve the work function and reduce the hole injection barrier, and the doping of the strontium salt can form p-doping, which facilitates hole injection and transport, and holes.
  • the doping of the transport material can effectively further increase the transport rate of holes, improve the film formation quality (good film formation of small organic molecules), and further improve the recombination probability of the exciton of the light-emitting layer.
  • the material of the ternary doped hole transporting layer in the present invention is mainly composed of a metal compound.
  • the preparation process is less difficult, which is beneficial to the industrial production of the device, and the low processing cost, which is beneficial to future commercial applications.
  • the luminescent layer is deposited on the ternary doped hole transport layer.
  • the material of the luminescent layer is 4-(disilery fluorenyl)-2-butyl-6-(1,1,7,7-tetradecyl galostazone-9-vinyl)-4H-pyridyl J(DCJTB), 8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum (Alq 3 ), bis(4,6-difluorophenylpyridine-N,C 2 )pyridinyl hydrazide (FIrpic), bis(4,6-difluoro Phenylpyridine)-tetrakis(1-pyrazolyl)borate (FIr6), bis(2-indolyl-diphenyl[f,h]quinoxaline)(acetylacetonate) ruthenium (IR(MDQ)) At least one of 2 (acac)) and tris(2-phenylpyridine) ruthenium (Ir(ppy) 3 ). More preferably, the luminescent material is 8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum.
  • the material of the light-emitting layer is a host material doped with a guest material, and the doping quality fraction of the guest material is 1% to 20%; wherein:
  • the guest material is 4-(disanimidyl)-2-butyl-6- (1,1,7,7-tetradecyl sulpirine-9-ethylglycosyl)-4H-pyran, 8- Aluminum hydroxyquinolate, bis(4,6-difluorophenylpyridine-N,C 2 )pyridinium hydrazide, bis(4,6- Difluorophenylpyridine)-tetrakis(4-pyrazolyl)borate, bis(2-indenyl-diphenyl[f,h]quinoxaline) (acetylacetone) ruthenium or tris(2-benzene) Pyridine
  • the host material is 1,1-di[4-[indole, ⁇ '-bis(P-nonylphenyl)amino]phenyl]cyclohexane (TAPC), N, N, -di(3-nonylphenyl) ) - N, N, -diphenyl-4,4,-biphenylenediamine (TPD), 4,4',4"-tris(carbazol-9-yl)triphenylamine (TCTA), N, N , - (1-Naphthyl)-N, N, -diphenyl-4,4,-biphenyldiamine (NPB), 2-(4-biphenyl)-5-(4-tert-butyl) Phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole (PBD), 8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum (Alq 3 ), 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen), 1,2, One or both of a 4-triazo
  • the thickness of the light-emitting layer is 2 to 50 nm. More preferably, the thickness of the light-emitting layer is 20 nm.
  • An electron transport layer is deposited on the light emitting layer.
  • the material of the electron transport layer is 2-(4-biphenyl)-5-(4-tert-butyl)phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole (PBD), 8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum (Alq 3 ), 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen), 1,2,4-triazole derivative (such as TAZ) or N-arylbenzimidazole (TPBI).
  • the electronic material is 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline.
  • the electron transport layer has a thickness of 40 to 80 nm. More preferably, the thickness of the electron transport layer is 60 nm
  • the material of the electron injecting layer is LiF, CaF 2 or NaF. More preferably, the electron injection layer is
  • the electron injecting layer has a thickness of 0.5 to 5 nm. More preferably, the thickness of the electron injecting layer is 0.7 nm.
  • the cathode may be silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), platinum (Pt) or gold (Au). More preferably, the cathode is aluminum.
  • the thickness of the cathode is 80 to 250 nm. More preferably, the thickness of the cathode is 150 nm.
  • the conductive anode substrate is ultrasonically cleaned, and then cleaned and then subjected to oxygen plasma treatment;
  • electron beam evaporation of the ternary doped hole transport layer on the surface of the conductive anode substrate after oxygen plasma treatment The material of the ternary doped hole transport layer is a mixed material formed by doping a hole salt and a hole transport material into the metal compound;
  • the organic contaminants on the surface of the conductive anode substrate are removed by ultrasonic cleaning.
  • the conductive anode substrate may be a conductive glass substrate selected from the group consisting of indium tin oxide glass (ITO), fluorine-doped tin oxide glass (FTO), aluminum-doped zinc oxide glass ( ⁇ ) or indium-doped zinc oxide glass ( ⁇ ).
  • ITO indium tin oxide glass
  • FTO fluorine-doped tin oxide glass
  • ⁇ aluminum-doped zinc oxide glass
  • ⁇ indium-doped zinc oxide glass
  • the conductive anode substrate is sequentially sonicated with detergent, deionized water, acetone, ethanol and isopropanol for 15 min.
  • the oxygen plasma treatment time is 5 to 15 minutes, and the power is 10 to 50 W.
  • the ternary doped hole transport layer is vapor-deposited on the surface of the conductive anode substrate after the oxygen plasma treatment.
  • the material of the ternary doped hole transport layer is a mixed material formed by doping a metal compound with a cerium salt and a hole transporting material.
  • the metal compound is a metal oxide (e.g., zinc oxide (ZnO) or titanium dioxide (Ti0 2 )) or a metal sulfide (e.g., zinc sulfide (ZnS) or lead sulfide (PbS)).
  • a metal oxide e.g., zinc oxide (ZnO) or titanium dioxide (Ti0 2 )
  • a metal sulfide e.g., zinc sulfide (ZnS) or lead sulfide (PbS)
  • the onium salt is azide (CsN 3 ), cesium fluoride (CsF ), cesium carbonate (Cs 2 C0 3 ) or cesium oxide (Cs 2 0 ).
  • the doping salt has a doping mass fraction of from 1% to 5%.
  • the hole transporting material is 1,1-bis[4-[indole, ⁇ '-bis(P-fluorenylphenyl)amino]phenyl]cyclohexane (TAPC), hydrazine, hydrazine, -di(3) -nonylphenyl) - hydrazine, hydrazine, -diphenyl-4,4,-biphenylenediamine (TPD), 4,4',4"-tris(carbazol-9-yl)triphenylamine (TCTA) Or ⁇ , ⁇ , -( 1-naphthyl) - fluorene, fluorene, -diphenyl-4,4,-biphenyldiamine ( ⁇ ).
  • the hole transporting material has a doping mass fraction of 10 % ⁇ 40%.
  • the thickness of the ternary doped hole transport layer is from 20 to 60 nm.
  • the metal compound can improve the work function and reduce the hole injection barrier, and the doping of the strontium salt can form p-doping, which facilitates hole injection and transport, and holes.
  • the doping of the transport material can effectively further increase the transport rate of holes, improve the film formation quality (good film formation of small organic molecules), and further improve the recombination probability of the exciton of the light-emitting layer.
  • the material of the ternary doped hole transporting layer in the present invention is mainly composed of a metal compound.
  • the preparation process is less difficult, which is beneficial to the industrial production of the device, and the low processing cost, which is beneficial to future commercial applications.
  • the light-emitting layer, the electron transport layer, the electron injecting layer, and the cathode are sequentially evaporated, and finally, the desired organic electroluminescent device is obtained.
  • the luminescent layer is deposited on the ternary doped hole transport layer.
  • the material of the luminescent layer is 4-(disilery fluorenyl)-2-butyl-6-(1,1,7,7-tetradecyl galostazone-9-vinyl)-4H-pyridyl J(DCJTB), 8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum (Alq 3 ), bis(4,6-difluorophenylpyridine-N,C 2 )pyridinyl hydrazide (FIrpic), bis(4,6-difluoro Phenylpyridine)-tetrakis(1-pyrazolyl)borate (FIr6), bis(2-indolyl-diphenyl[f,h]quinoxaline)(acetylacetonate) ruthenium (IR(MDQ)) At least one of 2 (acac)) and tris(2-phenylpyridine) ruthenium (Ir(ppy) 3 ). More preferably, the luminescent material is 8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum.
  • the material of the light-emitting layer is a host material doped guest material, and the dopant material of the guest material The amount fraction is 1% ⁇ 20%;
  • the guest material is 4-(disanimidyl)-2-butyl-6- (1,1,7,7-tetradecyl sulpirine-9-ethylglycosyl)-4H-pyran, 8- Aluminum hydroxyquinolate, bis(4,6-difluorophenylpyridine-N,C 2 )pyridinium oxime, bis(4,6-difluorophenylpyridine)-tetrakis(1-pyrazolyl)boronic acid Hydrazine, bis(2-indenyl-diphenyl[f,h]quinoxaline) (acetylacetone) ruthenium or tris(2-phenylpyridine) ruthenium;
  • the host material is 1,1-di[4-[indole, ⁇ '-bis(P-nonylphenyl)amino]phenyl]cyclohexane (TAPC), N, N, -di(3-nonylphenyl) ) - N, N, -diphenyl-4,4,-biphenylenediamine (TPD), 4,4',4"-tris(carbazol-9-yl)triphenylamine (TCTA), N, N , - (1-Naphthyl)-N, N, -diphenyl-4,4,-biphenyldiamine (NPB), 2-(4-biphenyl)-5-(4-tert-butyl) Phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole (PBD), 8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum (Alq 3 ), 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen), 1,2, One or both of a 4-triazo
  • the thickness of the light-emitting layer is 2 to 50 nm. More preferably, the thickness of the light-emitting layer is 20 nm.
  • An electron transport layer is deposited on the light emitting layer.
  • the material of the electron transport layer is 2-(4-biphenyl)-5-(4-tert-butyl)phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole (PBD), 8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum (Alq 3 ), 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen), 1,2,4-triazole derivative (such as TAZ) or N-arylbenzimidazole (TPBI).
  • the electronic material is 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline.
  • the electron transport layer has a thickness of 40 to 80 nm. More preferably, the thickness of the electron transport layer is 60 nm
  • the material of the electron injecting layer is LiF, CaF 2 or NaF. More preferably, the electron injection layer is
  • the electron injecting layer has a thickness of 0.5 to 5 nm. More preferably, the thickness of the electron injecting layer is 0.7 nm.
  • the cathode may be silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), platinum (Pt) or gold (Au). More preferably, The cathode is aluminum.
  • the thickness of the cathode is 80 to 250 nm. More preferably, the thickness of the cathode is 150 nm.
  • the invention provides an organic electroluminescent device having a ternary doped hole transport layer and a preparation method thereof, which have the following beneficial effects:
  • the material of the ternary doped hole transport layer in the present invention is a mixed material formed by doping a hole salt and a hole transporting material into a metal compound, and the metal compound can improve the work function and reduce the hole injection barrier.
  • the doping of cerium salt can form p-doping, which is beneficial to the injection and transport of holes.
  • the doping of hole transporting material can effectively increase the transport rate of holes and improve the film-forming quality. Good), thereby increasing the recombination probability of the exciton of the luminescent layer, and finally improving the luminous efficiency;
  • a small amount of p-type material (doping mass fraction of 0.5 to 2%) is doped into the hole transporting material, and the material of the ternary doped hole transporting layer in the present invention is made of metal.
  • the compound is the main body, the preparation process is less difficult, which is beneficial to the industrial production of the device, and the processing cost is low, which is beneficial to the commercial application in the future.
  • Example 2 is an organic electroluminescent device having a ternary doped hole transport layer prepared in Example 1 of the present invention: ITO / (ZnO: NPB: CsF) / Alq 3 / Bphen / LiF / Al and conventional Electroluminescence device: Comparison of current efficiency and current density of ITO/Mo0 3 /NPB/Alq 3 / Bphen/LiF/Al. detailed description
  • the present invention provides an organic electroluminescent device having a ternary doped hole transport layer, the structure comprising a conductive anode substrate, a ternary doped hole transport layer, a light emitting layer, and an electron transport layer which are sequentially stacked.
  • the electron injecting layer and the cathode layer are made of a mixed material formed by doping a hole transporting material into a metal compound.
  • the material of the ternary doped hole transport layer is a mixed material formed by doping a metal compound with a cerium salt and a hole transporting material.
  • the ternary doped hole transporting layer can be obtained by the following method: Doping a cerium salt, a hole transporting material and a metal compound by electron beam evaporation to form a mixed material.
  • a ternary doped hole transport layer is deposited on the conductive anode substrate.
  • the metal compound is a metal oxide (eg, zinc oxide ( ⁇ ) or titanium dioxide (Ti0 2 )) or a metal sulfide (eg, zinc sulfide (ZnS) or lead sulfide (PbS)), and the metal oxide or metal sulfide
  • the melting point is 1800 ° C or below, and can be prepared by a thermal evaporation method, and the crystal color is colorless or light-colored; among them, ZnO, Ti 2 or ZnS is preferred.
  • the cerium salt is azide strontium (CsN 3 ), cesium fluoride (CsF), cesium carbonate (Cs 2 C0 3 ) or cerium oxide (Cs 2 0 ).
  • the doping salt has a doping mass fraction of 1% to 5%.
  • the hole transporting material is 1,1-bis[4-[ ⁇ , ⁇ '-bis(P-fluorenylphenyl)amino]phenyl]cyclohexane (TAPC), N, N,-di(3-fluorenyl) Phenyl) - N, N,-diphenyl-4,4,-biphenylenediamine (TPD), 4,4',4"-tris (carbazole) -9-yl)triphenylamine (TCTA) or N,N,-(1-naphthyl)-N,N,-diphenyl-4,4,-biphenyldiamine (NPB).
  • the doping mass fraction of the hole transporting material is 10% to 40%.
  • the thickness of the ternary doped hole transport layer is 20 to 60 nm.
  • the metal compound can improve the work function and reduce the hole injection barrier, and the doping of the strontium salt can form p-doping, which facilitates hole injection and transport, and holes.
  • the doping of the transport material can effectively further increase the transport rate of holes, improve the film formation quality (good film formation of small organic molecules), and further improve the recombination probability of the exciton of the light-emitting layer.
  • the material of the ternary doped hole transporting layer in the present invention is mainly composed of a metal compound.
  • the preparation process is less difficult, which is beneficial to the industrial production of the device, and the low processing cost, which is beneficial to future commercial applications.
  • the luminescent layer is deposited on the ternary doped hole transport layer.
  • the material of the luminescent layer is 4-(disilery fluorenyl)-2-butyl-6-(1,7,7-tetradecyl galostazone-9-vinyl)-4H-pyran (DCJTB) ), 8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum (Alq 3 ), bis( 4,6-difluorophenylpyridine-N,C 2 )pyridinyl hydrazide (FIrpic), bis(4,6-difluorophenylpyridine) - tetrakis(1-pyrazolyl)borate ruthenium (FIr6), bis(2-indolyl-diphenyl[f,h]quinoxaline)(acetylacetonate) ruthenium (IR(MDQ) 2 (acac) And at least one of tris(2-phenylpyridine) ruthenium (Ir(ppy) 3 ); or the luminescent layer is made of a host material doped guest material, and the doping mass
  • the guest material is 4-(disanimidyl)-2-butyl-6- (1,1,7,7-tetradecyl sulpirine-9-ethylglycosyl)-4H-pyran, 8- Aluminum hydroxyquinolate, bis(4,6-difluorophenylpyridine-N,C 2 )pyridinium oxime, bis(4,6-difluorophenylpyridine)-tetrakis(1-pyrazolyl)boronic acid Hydrazine, bis(2-indenyl-diphenyl[f,h]quinoxaline) (acetylacetone) ruthenium or tris(2-phenylpyridine) ruthenium;
  • the host material is 1,1-di[4-[indole, ⁇ '-bis(P-fluorenylphenyl)amino]phenyl]cyclohexane (TAPC), N, N,-bis(3-mercaptophenyl)-N,N,-diphenyl-4,4,-biphenyldiamine (TPD), 4,4',4"-tris(carbazole-9- Triphenylamine ( TCTA ), N, N - ( 1-naphthyl) - N, N, -diphenyl-4,4, -biphenylenediamine ( NPB ), 2-(4-biphenyl) -5-(4-tert-butyl)phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole (PBD), 8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum (Alq 3 ), 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthrene One or both of porphyrin (Bphen), 1,2,4-triazole derivative
  • the thickness of the light-emitting layer is 2 to 50 nm.
  • An electron transport layer is deposited on the light emitting layer.
  • the material of the electron transport layer is 2-(4-biphenyl)-5-(4-tert-butyl)phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole (PBD), 8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum (Alq 3 , 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen), 1,2,4-triazole derivative (such as TAZ) or N-aryl benzimidazole (TPBI).
  • the electron transport layer has a thickness of 40 to 80 nm.
  • the material of the electron injecting layer is LiF, CaF 2 or NaF.
  • the thickness of the electron injecting layer is 0.5 to 5 nm.
  • the cathode can be silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), platinum (Pt) or gold (Au).
  • the thickness of the cathode is 80 ⁇ 250
  • the present invention provides a method of preparing an organic electroluminescent device having a ternary doped hole transport layer, comprising the steps of:
  • the conductive anode substrate is ultrasonically cleaned, and then cleaned and then subjected to oxygen plasma treatment;
  • electron beam evaporation of the ternary doped hole transport layer on the surface of the conductive anode substrate after oxygen plasma treatment The material of the ternary doped hole transport layer is a mixed material formed by doping a hole salt and a hole transport material into the metal compound;
  • the desired organic electroluminescent device is obtained.
  • the organic contaminants on the surface of the conductive anode substrate are removed by ultrasonic cleaning.
  • the conductive anode substrate may be a conductive glass substrate selected from the group consisting of indium tin oxide glass (ITO), fluorine-doped tin oxide glass (FTO), aluminum-doped zinc oxide glass ( ⁇ ) or indium-doped zinc oxide glass ( ⁇ ).
  • ITO indium tin oxide glass
  • FTO fluorine-doped tin oxide glass
  • ⁇ aluminum-doped zinc oxide glass
  • ⁇ indium-doped zinc oxide glass
  • the oxygen plasma treatment time is 5 to 15 minutes, and the power is 10 to 50 W.
  • the ternary doped hole transport layer is vapor-deposited on the surface of the conductive anode substrate after the oxygen plasma treatment.
  • the material of the ternary doped hole transport layer is a mixed material formed by doping a metal compound with a cerium salt and a hole transporting material.
  • the metal compound is a metal oxide (eg, zinc oxide (ZnO) or titanium dioxide (Ti0 2 )) or a metal sulfide (eg, zinc sulfide (ZnS) or lead sulfide (PbS)), and the metal oxide or metal sulfide
  • the melting point is 1800 ° C or below, and can be prepared by a thermal evaporation method, and the crystal color is colorless or light-colored; among them, ZnO, Ti 2 or ZnS is preferred.
  • the cerium salt is azide strontium (CsN 3 ), cesium fluoride (CsF), cesium carbonate (Cs 2 C0 3 ) or cerium oxide (Cs 2 0 ).
  • the doping salt has a doping mass fraction of 1% to 5%.
  • the hole transporting material is 1,1-bis[4-[ ⁇ , ⁇ '-bis(P-fluorenylphenyl)amino]phenyl]cyclohexane (TAPC), N, N,-di(3-fluorenyl) Phenyl) - N, N,-diphenyl-4,4,-biphenylenediamine (TPD), 4,4',4"-tris(carbazol-9-yl)triphenylamine (TCTA) or N , N,-(1-naphthyl)-N,N,-diphenyl-4,4,-biphenyldiamine (NPB).
  • the hole transporting material has a doping mass fraction of 10% to 40%.
  • the thickness of the ternary doped hole transport layer is 20 to 60 nm.
  • the metal compound can improve the work function and reduce the hole injection potential.
  • the doping of cerium salt can form p-doping, which is beneficial to the injection and transport of holes, and the doping of hole transporting materials can effectively further increase the transport rate of holes and improve the quality of film formation (organic small molecules).
  • the film forming property is good), thereby further increasing the recombination probability of the exciton of the luminescent layer.
  • the light-emitting layer, the electron transport layer, the electron injecting layer, and the cathode are sequentially evaporated, and finally, the desired organic electroluminescent device is obtained.
  • the luminescent layer is deposited on the ternary doped hole transport layer.
  • the material of the luminescent layer is 4-(disilery fluorenyl)-2-butyl-6-(1,7,7-tetradecyl galostazone-9-vinyl)-4H-pyran (DCJTB) ), 8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum (Alq 3 ), bis( 4,6-difluorophenylpyridine-N,C 2 )pyridinyl hydrazide (FIrpic), bis(4,6-difluorophenylpyridine) - tetrakis(1-pyrazolyl)borate ruthenium (FIr6), bis(2-indolyl-diphenyl[f,h]quinoxaline)(acetylacetonate) ruthenium (IR(MDQ) 2 (acac) And at least one of tris(2-phenylpyridine) ruthenium (Ir(ppy) 3 ); or
  • the material of the luminescent layer is a host material doped with a guest material, and the doping mass fraction of the guest material is 1% to 20%; wherein:
  • the guest material is 4-(disanimidyl)-2-butyl-6- (1,1,7,7-tetradecyl sulpirine-9-ethylglycosyl)-4H-pyran, 8- Aluminum hydroxyquinolate, bis(4,6-difluorophenylpyridine-N,C 2 )pyridinium oxime, bis(4,6-difluorophenylpyridine)-tetrakis(1-pyrazolyl)boronic acid Hydrazine, bis(2-indenyl-diphenyl[f,h]quinoxaline) (acetylacetone) ruthenium or tris(2-phenylpyridine) ruthenium;
  • the host material is 1,1-di[4-[indole, ⁇ '-bis(P-nonylphenyl)amino]phenyl]cyclohexane (TAPC), N, N, -di(3-nonylphenyl) ) - N, N, -diphenyl-4,4,-biphenyldiamine (TPD), 4,4',4"-tris (carbazole) -9-yl)triphenylamine (TCTA), N, N, -(1-naphthyl)-N,N,-diphenyl-4,4,-biphenyldiamine (NPB), 2- (4- Biphenyl)-5-(4-tert-butyl)phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole (PBD), 8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum (Alq 3 ), 4,7-diphenyl-1 One or both of 10-phenanthroline (Bphen), a 1,2,4-triazole derivative
  • the thickness of the light-emitting layer is 2 to 50 nm.
  • An electron transport layer is deposited on the light emitting layer.
  • the material of the electron transport layer is 2-(4-biphenyl)-5-(4-tert-butyl)phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole (PBD), 8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum (Alq 3 , 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen), 1,2,4-triazole derivative (such as TAZ) or N-aryl benzimidazole (TPBI).
  • the electron transport layer has a thickness of 40 to 80 nm.
  • the material of the electron injecting layer is LiF, CaF 2 or NaF.
  • the thickness of the electron injecting layer is 0.5 to 5 nm.
  • a method for preparing an organic electroluminescent device having a ternary doped hole transport layer comprises the following steps:
  • ITO was sequentially ultrasonicated with detergent, deionized water, acetone, ethanol and isopropanol for 15 min to remove organic pollutants on the surface of ITO. After cleaning, it was subjected to oxygen plasma treatment.
  • the oxygen plasma treatment time was lOmin, the power is 35W;
  • the ternary doped hole transport layer being doped into a metal oxide by a cesium salt and a hole transport material Forming, the metal oxide material is ZnO, the strontium salt is CsF, the doping mass fraction of CsF is 2%, the hole transporting material is NPB, the doping mass fraction of NPB is 30%, and the ternary doping hole transport layer is The thickness is 50 nm; (3) first vapor-depositing the light-emitting layer, the light-emitting layer is Alq 3 , the doping mass fraction of the light-emitting layer is 10%, the thickness of the light-emitting layer is 20 nm, and then the electron transport layer is evaporated, and the electron transport layer is an electron transport material Bphen deposited on Formed on the light-emitting layer, the thickness of the electron transport layer is 60 nm, and then the electron injection layer and the anode are sequentially
  • the structure of the organic electroluminescent device having the ternary doped hole transport layer prepared in this embodiment is as follows: ITO / (ZnO: NPB: CsF) / Alq 3 / Bphen / LiF / AL
  • a method for preparing an organic electroluminescent device having a ternary doped hole transport layer comprises the following steps:
  • AZO was first ultrasonicated with detergent, deionized water, acetone, ethanol and isopropanol for 15 min to remove organic pollutants on the surface of AZO. After cleaning, it was subjected to oxygen plasma treatment.
  • the oxygen plasma treatment time was 5min, power is 50W;
  • the ternary doped hole transport layer being doped into a metal sulfide by a cesium salt and a hole transport material Forming, the metal sulfide material is ZnS, the cerium salt is Cs 2 C0 3 , the doping mass fraction of Cs 2 C0 3 is 1%, the hole transporting material is TCTA, the doping mass fraction of TCTA is 40%, ternary doping
  • the thickness of the hetero hole transport layer is 60 nm;
  • the light-emitting layer is doped with Firpic in TCTA, the doping mass fraction of Firpic is 20%, the thickness of the light-emitting layer is 15 nm, and then the electron transport layer is evaporated, and the electron transport layer is an electron transport material TPBI
  • the deposition is formed on the light-emitting layer, and then the electron injection layer and the anode are sequentially evaporated, the electron injection layer is NaF, the thickness of the electron injection layer is 0.5 nm, the cathode is Ag, and the thickness of the cathode is 80 nm, and finally the desired organic electrolysis is obtained.
  • Light emitting device is doped with Firpic in TCTA, the doping mass fraction of Firpic is 20%, the thickness of the light-emitting layer is 15 nm, and then the electron transport layer is evaporated, and the electron transport layer is an electron transport material TPBI
  • the deposition is formed on the light-emitting layer, and then the electron injection layer and the anode
  • the structure of the organic electroluminescent device having the ternary doped hole transport layer prepared in this embodiment is as follows: AZO/(ZnS: TCTA: Cs 2 C0 3 ) / (TCTA: Firpic) / TPBI/NaF/Ag .
  • a method for preparing an organic electroluminescent device having a ternary doped hole transport layer comprises the following steps:
  • IZO was sequentially sonicated with detergent, deionized water, acetone, ethanol and isopropanol for 15 min to remove organic pollutants on the surface of IZO. After cleaning, it was subjected to oxygen plasma treatment.
  • the oxygen plasma treatment time was 15min, power is 10W;
  • the ternary doped hole transport layer being doped into a metal oxide by a cesium salt and a hole transport material Forming, the metal oxide material is Ti0 2 , the cerium salt is Cs 2 0, the doping mass fraction of Cs 2 0 is 5%, the hole transporting material is TAPC, the doping mass fraction of TAPC is 10%, ternary doping
  • the thickness of the hole transport layer is 20 nm;
  • the luminescent layer is doped with Ir(ppy) 3 in TPBI, the doping mass fraction of Ir(ppy) 3 is 10%, the thickness of the luminescent layer is 10 nm, and then the electron transport layer is evaporated.
  • the electron transport layer is formed by depositing an electron transport material PBDI on the light-emitting layer, and then sequentially depositing the electron injection layer and the anode, the electron injection layer is CaF, the electron injection layer has a thickness of 5 nm, the cathode is Pt, and the cathode has a thickness of 250 nm.
  • the desired organic electroluminescent device is obtained.
  • a method for preparing an organic electroluminescent device having a ternary doped hole transport layer comprises the following steps:
  • the luminescent layer is doped with Ir(MDQ) 2 (acac) in TAPC, the doping mass fraction of Ir(MDQ) 2 (acac) is 1%, and the thickness of the luminescent layer is 2 nm, then
  • the electron transport layer is vapor-deposited, and the electron transport layer is formed by depositing an electron transport material TAZ on the light-emitting layer, and then sequentially depositing the electron injection layer and the anode, the electron injection layer is LiF, the thickness of the electron injection layer is 1 nm, the cathode is Au, and the cathode The thickness is 100 nm, and finally the desired organic electroluminescent device is obtained.
  • the structure of the organic electroluminescent device having the ternary doped hole transport layer prepared in this embodiment is as follows: FTO / (PbS: PBD: CsN 3 ) / (TAPC: Ir(MDQ) 2 (acac)) / TAZ/LiF/Au.
  • a method for preparing an organic electroluminescent device having a ternary doped hole transport layer comprises the following steps:
  • ITO was sequentially ultrasonicated with detergent, deionized water, acetone, ethanol and isopropanol for 15 min to remove organic pollutants on the surface of ITO. After cleaning, it was subjected to oxygen plasma treatment.
  • the oxygen plasma treatment time was lOmin, power is 30W;
  • the ternary doped hole transport layer being doped into a metal oxide by a cesium salt and a hole transport material Forming, the metal oxide material is ZnO, the cerium salt is Cs 2 C0 3 , the doping mass fraction of Cs 2 C0 3 is 2%, the hole transporting material is TAPC, the doping mass fraction of TAPC is 30%, ternary doping
  • the thickness of the hetero hole transport layer is 50nm;
  • the light-emitting layer is DCJTB, the doping mass fraction of the light-emitting layer is 10%, the thickness of the light-emitting layer is 50 nm, and then the electron transport layer is evaporated, and the electron transport layer is an electron transport material Bphen deposited on the light-emitting layer.
  • the layer was formed, and then the electron injecting layer and the anode were sequentially evaporated, the electron injecting layer was NaF, the thickness of the electron injecting layer was 4 nm, the cathode was A1, and the thickness of the cathode was 180 nm, and finally the desired organic electroluminescent device was obtained.
  • the preparation and testing instruments used in the present invention are: high vacuum coating equipment (Shenyang Scientific Instrument Development Center Co., Ltd., pressure ⁇ 1 X 10-3Pa), current-voltage tester (USA) Keithly, model: 2602), electroluminescence optical tester (photo research company, model: PR650) and screen brightness meter (Beijing Normal University, model: ST-86LA).
  • Example 2 is an organic electroluminescent device having a ternary doped hole transport layer prepared in Example 1 of the present invention: ITO / (ZnO: NPB: CsF) / Alq 3 / Bphen / LiF / Al and conventional organic electricity Photoluminescence device: Comparison of current efficiency and current density of ITO/Mo0 3 /NPB/Alq 3 /Bphen/LiF/Al.

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Abstract

一种具有三元掺杂空穴传输层的有机电致发光器件及其制备方法。有机电致发光器件包括依次层叠的导电阳极基底(1)、三元掺杂空穴传输层(2)、发光层(3)、电子传输层(4)、电子注入层(5)和阴极层(6),三元掺杂空穴传输层(2)的材质为铯盐和空穴传输材料掺杂到金属化合物中形成的混合材料。有机电致发光器件通过将铯盐和空穴传输材料掺杂到金属化合物中形成p掺杂,提高了空穴注入和传输能力,提高了发光效率,由于三元掺杂空穴传输层(2)的材质以金属化合物为主体,降低了工艺难度和制造成本,有利于产业化生产和商业化应用。

Description

一种具有三元掺杂空穴传输层的有机电致发光器件及其制备方法 技术领域
本发明属于有机电致发光领域, 具体涉及一种具有三元掺杂空穴传输层的 有机电致发光器件及其制备方法。 背景技术
1987年, 美国 Eastman Kodak公司的 C.W.Tang和 VanSlyke报道了有机电致发 光研究中的突破性进展。 他们利用超薄薄膜技术制备出了高亮度、 高效率的双 层有机电致发光器件(OLED )。 在该双层结构的器件中, 10V下亮度达到 1000 cd/m2, 其发光效率为 1.51 lm/W、 寿命大于 100小时。
有机电致发光器件的发光原理是基于在外加电场的作用下, 电子从阴极注 入到有机物的最低未占有分子轨道( LUMO ), 而空穴从阳极注入到有机物的最 高占有轨道(HOMO )。 电子和空穴在发光层相遇、 复合、 形成激子, 激子在电 场作用下迁移, 将能量传递给发光材料, 并激发电子从基态跃迁到激发态, 激 发态能量通过辐射失活, 产生光子, 译放光能。
要提高器件的发光效率,可以通过提高载流子的注入和传输速率从而提高激 子的复合几率来达到要求。 目前使用的比较多的提高载流子的注入和传输速率 的方法, 是用微量的 p型材料(如 Mo03、 F4-TCNQ、 1-TANA、 2-TANA等) 掺杂到空穴传输材料(m-MTDATA、 NPB等) 中。 但这类方法中所掺杂的 p型 材料质量分数往往在 0.5〜2%之间, 需要的量极少, 掺杂工艺难以控制, 另外, 要提高空穴注入, 往往需另外单独蒸镀一层空穴注入层加强空穴的注入, 这就 给制备工艺带来一定的复杂性。 发明内容
为克服上述现有技术的缺陷, 本发明提供了一种具有三元掺杂空穴传输层 的有机电致发光器件及其制备方法。 本发明通过将铯盐和空穴传输材料掺杂到 金属化合物中形成 p掺杂, 提高了空穴注入和传输能力, 最终提高了发光效率, 并且本发明中三元掺杂空穴传输层的材质以金属化合物为主体, 制备工艺难度 较低, 有利于器件的产业化生产, 以及加工成本低廉, 有利于未来的商业化应 用。
一方面, 本发明提供了一种具有三元掺杂空穴传输层的有机电致发光器件, 其结构包括依次层叠的导电阳极基底、 三元掺杂空穴传输层、 发光层、 电子传 输层、 电子注入层和阴极层, 三元掺杂空穴传输层的材质为铯盐和空穴传输材 料掺杂到金属化合物中形成的混合材料。
导电阳极基底可以为导电玻璃基板, 选自铟锡氧化物玻璃(ITO )、 掺氟的 氧化锡玻璃(FTO ), 掺铝的氧化锌玻璃 (ΑΖΟ )或掺铟的氧化锌玻璃 (ΙΖΟ )。
三元掺杂空穴传输层的材质以金属化合物为主体, 铯盐和空穴传输材料掺 杂在金属化合物中形成混合材料。 三元掺杂空穴传输层可以按照以下方法制得: 通过电子束蒸镀法将铯盐、 空穴传输材料和金属化合物掺杂形成混合材料。 三 元掺杂空穴传输层沉积在导电阳极基底上。
优选地,金属化合物为金属氧化物 (如,氧化锌 ( ZnO )或二氧化钛 ( Ti02 ) ) 或金属硫化物(如, 硫化锌(ZnS )或硫化铅(PbS ) )。
优选地, 铯盐为叠氮铯(CsN3 )、 氟化铯(CsF )、 碳酸铯 ( Cs2C03 )或氧化 铯(Cs20 )。 优选地, 铯盐的掺杂质量分数为 1%〜5%。
优选地, 空穴传输材料为 1 , 1-二 [4-[Ν, Ν'-二 (P-曱苯基)氨基]苯基]环己烷 ( TAPC )、 N, N,-二( 3-曱基苯基) - N, N,-二苯基 -4,4,-联苯二胺( TPD )、 4,4',4"- 三 (咔唑—9-基)三苯胺 ( TCTA )或 N, N,- ( 1-萘基) - N, N,-二苯基 -4,4,-联苯二 胺(NPB )。 优选地, 空穴传输材料的掺杂质量分数为 10%〜40%。
优选地, 三元掺杂空穴传输层的厚度为 20〜60nm。
三元掺杂空穴传输层的材质中, 金属化合物可提高功函, 降低空穴注入势 垒, 同时铯盐的掺杂可形成 p掺杂, 有利于空穴的注入和传输, 以及空穴传输材 料的掺杂可以有效的进一步提高空穴的传输速率, 提高成膜质量(有机小分子 成膜性较好), 进而提高发光层激子的复合几率。
相比现有技术中将微量的 p型材料(掺杂质量分数为 0.5〜2% )掺杂到空穴传 输材料中, 本发明中三元掺杂空穴传输层的材质以金属化合物为主体, 制备工 艺难度较低, 有利于器件的产业化生产, 以及加工成本低廉, 有利于未来的商 业化应用。
发光层沉积在三元掺杂空穴传输层上。
优选地, 发光层的材质为 4- (二腈曱基) -2-丁基 -6- ( 1,1,7,7-四曱基久洛呢 啶 -9-乙烯基) -4H-吡喃 (DCJTB )、 8-羟基喹啉铝(Alq3 )、 双(4,6-二氟苯基吡 啶 -N,C2 )吡啶曱酰合铱(FIrpic )、 双(4,6-二氟苯基吡啶) -四 (1-吡唑基)硼 酸合铱( FIr6 )、二( 2-曱基-二苯基 [f,h]喹喔啉)(乙酰丙酮)合铱( Ir(MDQ)2(acac) ) 及三 ( 2-苯基吡啶)合铱 (Ir(ppy)3)中的至少一种。 其中更优选地, 发光材料为 8- 羟基喹啉铝。
也优选地, 发光层的材质为主体材料掺杂客体材料, 且客体材料的掺杂质 量分数为 1%〜20%; 其中:
客体材料为 4- (二腈曱基) -2-丁基 -6- ( 1,1,7,7-四曱基久洛呢啶 -9-乙婦基) -4H-吡喃、 8-羟基喹啉铝、 双(4,6-二氟苯基吡啶 -N,C2 )吡啶曱酰合铱、 双(4,6- 二氟苯基吡啶) -四 ( 1-吡唑基)硼酸合铱、 二(2-曱基-二苯基 [f,h]喹喔啉) (乙 酰丙酮)合铱或三(2-苯基吡啶)合铱;
主体材料为 1 , 1-二 [4-[Ν, Ν'-二 (P-曱苯基)氨基]苯基]环己烷(TAPC )、 N, N, -二(3-曱基苯基) - N, N, -二苯基 -4,4, -联苯二胺(TPD )、 4,4',4"-三 (咔唑 -9-基)三苯胺 ( TCTA )、 N, N, - ( 1-萘基) - N, N, -二苯基 -4,4, -联苯二胺( NPB )、 2- ( 4-联苯基 ) -5- ( 4-叔丁基)苯基 -1,3,4-噁二唑( PBD )、 8-羟基喹啉铝( Alq3 )、 4,7-二苯基 -1,10-菲罗啉(Bphen )、 1,2,4-三唑衍生物(如 TAZ )和 N-芳基苯并咪 唑(TPBI ) 中的一种或两种。
优选地, 发光层的厚度为 2〜50nm。 更优选地, 发光层的厚度为 20nm。
电子传输层沉积在发光层上。 优选地, 电子传输层的材质为 2- ( 4-联苯基) -5- ( 4-叔丁基)苯基 -1,3,4-噁二唑(PBD )、 8-羟基喹啉铝( Alq3 )、 4,7-二苯基 -1,10- 菲罗啉(Bphen )、 1,2,4-三唑衍生物(如 TAZ )或 N-芳基苯并咪唑(TPBI )。 更 优选地, 电子材料为 4,7-二苯基 -1,10-菲罗啉。
优选地, 电子传输层的厚度为 40〜80nm。 更优选地, 电子传输层的厚度为 60nm„
优选地, 电子注入层的材质为 LiF、 CaF2或 NaF。 更优选地, 电子注入层为
LiF。
优选地, 电子注入层的厚度为 0.5〜5nm。 更优选地, 电子注入层的厚度为 0.7nm。
优选地, 阴极可以为银(Ag )、 铝(Al )、 铂(Pt )或金(Au )。 更优选地, 阴极为铝。
优选地, 阴极的厚度为 80〜250nm。 更优选地, 阴极的厚度为 150nm。
另一方面, 本发明提供了一种具有三元掺杂空穴传输层的有机电致发光器 件的制备方法, 包括以下步骤:
( 1 )先将导电阳极基底进行超声清洗,清洗干净后对其进行氧等离子处理; ( 2 )在经过氧等离子处理后的导电阳极基底表面电子束蒸镀三元掺杂空穴 传输层 , 所述三元掺杂空穴传输层的材质为铯盐和空穴传输材料掺杂到金属化 合物中形成的混合材料;
( 3 )在所述三元掺杂空穴传输层的表面依次层叠蒸镀发光层、电子传输层、 电子注入层和阴极层;
上述步骤完成后, 得到所需要的有机电致发光器件。
步骤(1 ) 中, 通过超声清洗去除导电阳极基底表面的有机污染物。
导电阳极基底可以为导电玻璃基板, 选自铟锡氧化物玻璃(ITO )、 掺氟的 氧化锡玻璃(FTO ), 掺铝的氧化锌玻璃 (ΑΖΟ )或掺铟的氧化锌玻璃 (ΙΖΟ )。
优选地, 将导电阳极基底依次用洗洁精、 去离子水、 丙酮、 乙醇和异丙醇 各超声 15min。
清洗干净后对其进行氧等离子处理。优选地,氧等离子处理时间为 5〜15min, 功率为 10〜50W。
步骤(2 ) 中, 在经过氧等离子处理后的导电阳极基底表面电子束蒸镀三元 掺杂空穴传输层。
三元掺杂空穴传输层的材质是以金属化合物为主体, 铯盐和空穴传输材料 掺杂在金属化合物中形成的混合材料。
优选地,金属化合物为金属氧化物 (如,氧化锌 ( ZnO )或二氧化钛 ( Ti02 ) ) 或金属硫化物(如, 硫化锌(ZnS )或硫化铅(PbS ) )。
优选地, 铯盐为叠氮铯(CsN3 )、 氟化铯(CsF )、 碳酸铯 ( Cs2C03 )或氧化 铯(Cs20 )。 优选地, 铯盐的掺杂质量分数为 1%〜5%。 优选地, 空穴传输材料为 1 , 1-二 [4-[Ν, Ν'-二 (P-曱苯基)氨基]苯基]环己烷 ( TAPC )、 Ν, Ν,-二( 3-曱基苯基) - Ν, Ν,-二苯基 -4,4,-联苯二胺( TPD )、 4,4',4"- 三 (咔唑—9—基)三苯胺 ( TCTA )或 Ν, Ν,- ( 1-萘基) - Ν, Ν,-二苯基 -4,4,-联苯二 胺(ΝΡΒ )。 优选地, 空穴传输材料的掺杂质量分数为 10%〜40%。
优选地, 三元掺杂空穴传输层的厚度为 20〜60nm。
三元掺杂空穴传输层的材质中, 金属化合物可提高功函, 降低空穴注入势 垒, 同时铯盐的掺杂可形成 p掺杂, 有利于空穴的注入和传输, 以及空穴传输材 料的掺杂可以有效的进一步提高空穴的传输速率, 提高成膜质量(有机小分子 成膜性较好), 进而提高发光层激子的复合几率。
相比现有技术中将微量的 p型材料(掺杂质量分数为 0.5〜2% )掺杂到空穴传 输材料中, 本发明中三元掺杂空穴传输层的材质以金属化合物为主体, 制备工 艺难度较低, 有利于器件的产业化生产, 以及加工成本低廉, 有利于未来的商 业化应用。
步骤(3 ) 中, 依次蒸镀发光层、 电子传输层、 电子注入层和阴极, 最后得 到所需要的有机电致发光器件。
发光层沉积在三元掺杂空穴传输层上。
优选地, 发光层的材质为 4- (二腈曱基) -2-丁基 -6- ( 1,1,7,7-四曱基久洛呢 啶 -9-乙烯基) -4H-吡喃 (DCJTB )、 8-羟基喹啉铝(Alq3 )、 双(4,6-二氟苯基吡 啶 -N,C2 )吡啶曱酰合铱(FIrpic )、 双(4,6-二氟苯基吡啶) -四 (1-吡唑基)硼 酸合铱( FIr6 )、二( 2-曱基-二苯基 [f,h]喹喔啉)(乙酰丙酮)合铱( Ir(MDQ)2(acac) ) 及三 ( 2-苯基吡啶)合铱 (Ir(ppy)3)中的至少一种。 其中更优选地, 发光材料为 8- 羟基喹啉铝。
也优选地, 发光层的材质为主体材料掺杂客体材料, 且客体材料的掺杂质 量分数为 1%〜20%; 其中:
客体材料为 4- (二腈曱基) -2-丁基 -6- ( 1,1,7,7-四曱基久洛呢啶 -9-乙婦基) -4H-吡喃、 8-羟基喹啉铝、 双(4,6-二氟苯基吡啶 -N,C2 )吡啶曱酰合铱、 双(4,6- 二氟苯基吡啶) -四 ( 1-吡唑基)硼酸合铱、 二(2-曱基-二苯基 [f,h]喹喔啉) (乙 酰丙酮)合铱或三(2-苯基吡啶)合铱;
主体材料为 1 , 1-二 [4-[Ν, Ν'-二 (P-曱苯基)氨基]苯基]环己烷(TAPC )、 N, N, -二(3-曱基苯基) - N, N, -二苯基 -4,4, -联苯二胺(TPD )、 4,4',4"-三 (咔唑 -9-基)三苯胺 ( TCTA )、 N, N, - ( 1-萘基) - N, N, -二苯基 -4,4, -联苯二胺( NPB )、 2- ( 4-联苯基 ) -5- ( 4-叔丁基 )苯基 -1,3,4-噁二唑( PBD )、 8-羟基喹啉铝( Alq3 )、 4,7-二苯基 -1,10-菲罗啉(Bphen )、 1,2,4-三唑衍生物(如 TAZ )和 N-芳基苯并咪 唑(TPBI ) 中的一种或两种。
优选地, 发光层的厚度为 2〜50nm。 更优选地, 发光层的厚度为 20nm。
电子传输层沉积在发光层上。 优选地, 电子传输层的材质为 2- ( 4-联苯基) -5- ( 4-叔丁基)苯基 -1,3,4-噁二唑(PBD )、 8-羟基喹啉铝( Alq3 )、 4,7-二苯基 -1,10- 菲罗啉(Bphen )、 1,2,4-三唑衍生物(如 TAZ )或 N-芳基苯并咪唑(TPBI )。 更 优选地, 电子材料为 4,7-二苯基 -1,10-菲罗啉。
优选地, 电子传输层的厚度为 40〜80nm。 更优选地, 电子传输层的厚度为 60nm„
优选地, 电子注入层的材质为 LiF、 CaF2或 NaF。 更优选地, 电子注入层为
LiF。
优选地, 电子注入层的厚度为 0.5〜5nm。 更优选地, 电子注入层的厚度为 0.7nm。
优选地, 阴极可以为银(Ag )、 铝(Al )、 铂(Pt )或金(Au )。 更优选地, 阴极为铝。
优选地, 阴极的厚度为 80〜250nm。 更优选地, 阴极的厚度为 150nm。
本发明提供了一种具有三元掺杂空穴传输层的有机电致发光器件及其制备 方法, 具有以下有益效果:
( 1 )本发明中三元掺杂空穴传输层的材质为铯盐和空穴传输材料掺杂到金 属化合物中形成的混合材料, 金属化合物可提高功函, 降低空穴注入势垒, 而 铯盐的掺杂可形成 p掺杂, 有利于空穴的注入和传输, 空穴传输材料的掺杂可以 有效的进一步提高空穴的传输速率, 提高成膜质量(有机小分子成膜性较好), 进而提高发光层激子的复合几率, 最终提高了发光效率;
( 2 )相比现有技术中将微量的 p型材料 (掺杂质量分数为 0.5〜2% )掺杂到 空穴传输材料中, 本发明中三元掺杂空穴传输层的材质以金属化合物为主体, 制备工艺难度较低, 有利于器件的产业化生产, 以及加工成本低廉, 有利于未 来的商业化应用。 附图说明
图 1是本发明有机电致发光器件的结构示意图, 部件 1〜6依次为导电阳极 基底、 三元掺杂空穴传输层、 发光层、 电子传输层、 电子注入层和金属阴极。
图 2是是本发明实施例 1制得的具有三元掺杂空穴传输层的有机电致发光 器件: ITO/ (ZnO: NPB: CsF)/Alq3/Bphen/LiF/Al 与常规的有机电致发光器件: ITO/Mo03/NPB/Alq3/ Bphen/LiF/Al的电流效率与电流密度的关系对比图。 具体实施方式
以下所述是本发明的优选实施方式。 应当指出, 对于本技术领域的普通技 术人员来说, 在不脱离本发明原理的前提下, 还可以做出若干改进和调整, 这 些改进和调整也视为在本发明的保护范围内。
一方面, 本发明提供了一种具有三元掺杂空穴传输层的有机电致发光器件, 其结构包括依次层叠的导电阳极基底、 三元掺杂空穴传输层、 发光层、 电子传 输层、 电子注入层和阴极层, 三元掺杂空穴传输层的材质为铯盐和空穴传输材 料掺杂到金属化合物中形成的混合材料。
图 1是本发明有机电致发光器件的结构示意图, 其中, 部件 1〜6依次为导电 阳极基底、 三元掺杂空穴传输层、 发光层、 电子传输层、 电子注入层和金属阴 极。
导电阳极基底可以为导电玻璃基板, 选自铟锡氧化物玻璃(ΙΤΟ )、 掺氟的 氧化锡玻璃(FTO ), 掺铝的氧化锌玻璃 (ΑΖΟ )或掺铟的氧化锌玻璃 (ΙΖΟ )。
三元掺杂空穴传输层的材质是以金属化合物为主体, 铯盐和空穴传输材料 掺杂在金属化合物中形成的混合材料。 三元掺杂空穴传输层可以按照以下方法 制得: 通过电子束蒸镀法将铯盐、 空穴传输材料和金属化合物掺杂形成混合材 料。 三元掺杂空穴传输层沉积在导电阳极基底上。
金属化合物为金属氧化物 (如, 氧化锌(ΖηΟ )或二氧化钛(Ti02 ) )或金 属硫化物 (如、 硫化锌(ZnS )或硫化铅(PbS ) ), 且金属氧化物或金属硫化物 的熔点均在 1800 °C或以下,可用热蒸镀方法制备,拥有晶体颜色是无色或者浅色 的特点; 其中, 优选 ZnO、 Ti02或 ZnS。
铯盐为叠氮铯 ( CsN3 )、 氟化铯 ( CsF )、碳酸铯 ( Cs2C03 )或氧化铯 ( Cs20 )。 铯盐的掺杂质量分数为 1%〜5%。
空穴传输材料为 1 , 1-二 [4-[Ν, Ν'-二 (P-曱苯基)氨基]苯基]环己烷(TAPC )、 N, N,-二(3-曱基苯基) - N, N,-二苯基 -4,4,-联苯二胺( TPD )、 4,4',4"-三 (咔唑 -9-基)三苯胺 ( TCTA )或 N, N,- ( 1-萘基 ) - N, N,-二苯基 -4,4,-联苯二胺( NPB )。 空穴传输材料的掺杂质量分数为 10%〜40%。
三元掺杂空穴传输层的厚度为 20〜60nm。
三元掺杂空穴传输层的材质中, 金属化合物可提高功函, 降低空穴注入势 垒, 同时铯盐的掺杂可形成 p掺杂, 有利于空穴的注入和传输, 以及空穴传输材 料的掺杂可以有效的进一步提高空穴的传输速率, 提高成膜质量(有机小分子 成膜性较好), 进而提高发光层激子的复合几率。
相比现有技术中将微量的 p型材料(掺杂质量分数为 0.5〜2% )掺杂到空穴传 输材料中, 本发明中三元掺杂空穴传输层的材质以金属化合物为主体, 制备工 艺难度较低, 有利于器件的产业化生产, 以及加工成本低廉, 有利于未来的商 业化应用。
发光层沉积在三元掺杂空穴传输层上。
发光层的材质为 4- (二腈曱基) -2-丁基 -6- ( 1,1,7,7-四曱基久洛呢啶 -9-乙烯 基) -4H-吡喃 (DCJTB )、 8-羟基喹啉铝(Alq3 )、 双( 4,6-二氟苯基吡啶 -N,C2 ) 吡啶曱酰合铱 ( FIrpic )、双 ( 4,6-二氟苯基吡啶 ) -四 ( 1-吡唑基 )硼酸合铱 ( FIr6 )、 二(2-曱基-二苯基 [f,h]喹喔啉)(乙酰丙酮)合铱 ( Ir(MDQ)2(acac) )及三 ( 2- 苯基吡啶)合铱 (Ir(ppy)3)中的至少一种; 或者发光层的材质为主体材料掺杂客体 材料, 且客体材料的掺杂质量分数为 1%〜20%; 其中:
客体材料为 4- (二腈曱基) -2-丁基 -6- ( 1,1,7,7-四曱基久洛呢啶 -9-乙婦基) -4H-吡喃、 8-羟基喹啉铝、 双(4,6-二氟苯基吡啶 -N,C2 )吡啶曱酰合铱、 双(4,6- 二氟苯基吡啶) -四 ( 1-吡唑基)硼酸合铱、 二(2-曱基-二苯基 [f,h]喹喔啉) (乙 酰丙酮)合铱或三(2-苯基吡啶)合铱;
主体材料为 1 , 1-二 [4-[Ν, Ν'-二 (P-曱苯基)氨基]苯基]环己烷(TAPC )、 N, N, -二(3-曱基苯基) - N, N, -二苯基 -4,4, -联苯二胺(TPD )、 4,4',4"-三 (咔唑 -9-基)三苯胺 ( TCTA )、 N, N - ( 1-萘基) - N, N, -二苯基 -4,4, -联苯二胺( NPB )、 2- ( 4-联苯基 ) -5- ( 4-叔丁基 )苯基 -1,3,4-噁二唑( PBD )、 8-羟基喹啉铝( Alq3 )、 4,7-二苯基 -1,10-菲罗啉(Bphen )、 1,2,4-三唑衍生物(如 TAZ )和 N-芳基苯并咪 唑(TPBI ) 中的一种或两种。
发光层的厚度为 2〜50nm。
电子传输层沉积在发光层上。 电子传输层的材质为 2- ( 4-联苯基) -5- ( 4- 叔丁基)苯基 -1,3,4-噁二唑(PBD )、 8-羟基喹啉铝(Alq3 )、 4,7-二苯基 -1,10-菲 罗啉(Bphen )、 1,2,4-三唑衍生物(如 TAZ )或 N-芳基苯并咪唑( TPBI )。
电子传输层的厚度为 40〜80nm。
电子注入层的材质为 LiF、 CaF2或 NaF。
电子注入层的厚度为 0.5〜5nm。
阴极可以为银(Ag )、 铝 (Al )、 铂(Pt )或金(Au
阴极的厚度为 80〜250
另一方面, 本发明提供了一种具有三元掺杂空穴传输层的有机电致发光器 件的制备方法, 包括以下步骤:
( 1 )先将导电阳极基底进行超声清洗,清洗干净后对其进行氧等离子处理; ( 2 )在经过氧等离子处理后的导电阳极基底表面电子束蒸镀三元掺杂空穴 传输层 , 所述三元掺杂空穴传输层的材质为铯盐和空穴传输材料掺杂到金属化 合物中形成的混合材料;
( 3 )在所述三元掺杂空穴传输层的表面依次层叠蒸镀发光层、电子传输层、 电子注入层和阴极层;
上述步骤完成后, 得到所需要的有机电致发光器件。 步骤(1 ) 中, 通过超声清洗去除导电阳极基底表面的有机污染物。
导电阳极基底可以为导电玻璃基板, 选自铟锡氧化物玻璃(ITO )、 掺氟的 氧化锡玻璃(FTO ), 掺铝的氧化锌玻璃 (ΑΖΟ )或掺铟的氧化锌玻璃 (ΙΖΟ )。
将导电阳极基底依次用洗洁精、 去离子水、 丙酮、 乙醇和异丙醇各超声
15min„
清洗干净后对其进行氧等离子处理。 氧等离子处理时间为 5〜15min, 功率为 10〜50W。
步骤(2 ) 中, 在经过氧等离子处理后的导电阳极基底表面电子束蒸镀三元 掺杂空穴传输层。
三元掺杂空穴传输层的材质是以金属化合物为主体, 铯盐和空穴传输材料 掺杂在金属化合物中形成的混合材料。
金属化合物为金属氧化物 (如, 氧化锌(ZnO )或二氧化钛(Ti02 ) )或金 属硫化物 (如、 硫化锌(ZnS )或硫化铅(PbS ) ), 且金属氧化物或金属硫化物 的熔点均在 1800 °C或以下,可用热蒸镀方法制备,拥有晶体颜色是无色或者浅色 的特点; 其中, 优选 ZnO、 Ti02或 ZnS。
铯盐为叠氮铯 ( CsN3 )、 氟化铯 ( CsF )、碳酸铯 ( Cs2C03 )或氧化铯 ( Cs20 )。 铯盐的掺杂质量分数为 1%〜5%。
空穴传输材料为 1 , 1-二 [4-[Ν, Ν'-二 (P-曱苯基)氨基]苯基]环己烷(TAPC )、 N, N,-二(3-曱基苯基) - N, N,-二苯基 -4,4,-联苯二胺( TPD )、 4,4',4"-三 (咔唑 -9-基)三苯胺 ( TCTA )或 N, N,- ( 1-萘基 ) - N, N,-二苯基 -4,4,-联苯二胺( NPB )。 空穴传输材料的掺杂质量分数为 10%〜40%。
三元掺杂空穴传输层的厚度为 20〜60nm。
三元掺杂空穴传输层的材质中, 金属化合物可提高功函, 降低空穴注入势 垒, 同时铯盐的掺杂可形成 p掺杂, 有利于空穴的注入和传输, 以及空穴传输材 料的掺杂可以有效的进一步提高空穴的传输速率, 提高成膜质量(有机小分子 成膜性较好), 进而提高发光层激子的复合几率。
相比现有技术中将微量的 p型材料(掺杂质量分数为 0.5〜2% )掺杂到空穴传 输材料中, 本发明中三元掺杂空穴传输层的材质以金属化合物为主体, 制备工 艺难度较低, 有利于器件的产业化生产, 以及加工成本低廉, 有利于未来的商 业化应用。
步骤(3 ) 中, 依次蒸镀发光层、 电子传输层、 电子注入层和阴极, 最后得 到所需要的有机电致发光器件。
发光层沉积在三元掺杂空穴传输层上。
发光层的材质为 4- (二腈曱基) -2-丁基 -6- ( 1,1,7,7-四曱基久洛呢啶 -9-乙烯 基) -4H-吡喃 (DCJTB )、 8-羟基喹啉铝(Alq3 )、 双( 4,6-二氟苯基吡啶 -N,C2 ) 吡啶曱酰合铱 ( FIrpic )、双 ( 4,6-二氟苯基吡啶 ) -四 ( 1-吡唑基 )硼酸合铱 ( FIr6 )、 二(2-曱基-二苯基 [f,h]喹喔啉)(乙酰丙酮)合铱 ( Ir(MDQ)2(acac) ) 及三 ( 2- 苯基吡啶 )合铱 (Ir(ppy)3)中的至少一种; 或者
发光层的材质为主体材料掺杂客体材料 , 且客体材料的掺杂质量分数为 1%〜20%; 其中:
客体材料为 4- (二腈曱基) -2-丁基 -6- ( 1,1,7,7-四曱基久洛呢啶 -9-乙婦基) -4H-吡喃、 8-羟基喹啉铝、 双(4,6-二氟苯基吡啶 -N,C2 )吡啶曱酰合铱、 双(4,6- 二氟苯基吡啶) -四 ( 1-吡唑基)硼酸合铱、 二(2-曱基-二苯基 [f,h]喹喔啉) (乙 酰丙酮)合铱或三(2-苯基吡啶)合铱;
主体材料为 1 , 1-二 [4-[Ν, Ν'-二 (P-曱苯基)氨基]苯基]环己烷(TAPC )、 N, N, -二(3-曱基苯基) - N, N, -二苯基 -4,4, -联苯二胺(TPD )、 4,4',4"-三 (咔唑 -9-基)三苯胺 ( TCTA )、 N, N, - ( 1-萘基) - N, N, -二苯基 -4,4, -联苯二胺( NPB )、 2- ( 4-联苯基 ) -5- ( 4-叔丁基 )苯基 -1,3,4-噁二唑( PBD )、 8-羟基喹啉铝( Alq3 )、 4,7-二苯基 -1,10-菲罗啉(Bphen )、 1,2,4-三唑衍生物(如 TAZ )和 N-芳基苯并咪 唑(TPBI ) 中的一种或两种。
发光层的厚度为 2〜50nm。
电子传输层沉积在发光层上。 电子传输层的材质为 2- ( 4-联苯基) -5- ( 4- 叔丁基)苯基 -1,3,4-噁二唑(PBD )、 8-羟基喹啉铝(Alq3 )、 4,7-二苯基 -1,10-菲 罗啉(Bphen )、 1,2,4-三唑衍生物(如 TAZ )或 N-芳基苯并咪唑( TPBI )。
电子传输层的厚度为 40〜80nm。
电子注入层的材质为 LiF、 CaF2或 NaF。
电子注入层的厚度为 0.5〜5nm。
阴极可以为银(Ag )、 铝 (Al )、 铂(Pt )或金(Au
阴极的厚度为 80〜250
实施例 1:
一种具有三元掺杂空穴传输层的有机电致发光器件的制备方法, 包括以下 步骤:
( 1 )先将 ITO依次用洗洁精、去离子水、 丙酮、 乙醇和异丙醇各超声 15min, 去除 ITO表面的有机污染物, 清洗干净后对其进行氧等离子处理, 氧等离子处理 时间为 lOmin, 功率为 35W;
( 2 )在经过氧等离子处理后的 ITO表面电子束蒸镀三元掺杂空穴传输层, 所述三元掺杂空穴传输层为铯盐和空穴传输材料掺杂到金属氧化物中形成, 金 属氧化物材料为 ZnO, 铯盐为 CsF, CsF的掺杂质量分数为 2%, 空穴传输材料为 NPB, NPB的掺杂质量分数为 30%, 三元掺杂空穴传输层的厚度为 50nm; ( 3 )先蒸镀发光层, 发光层为 Alq3, 发光层的掺杂质量分数为 10%, 发光 层的厚度为 20nm,接着蒸镀电子传输层, 电子传输层为电子传输材料 Bphen沉积 在发光层上形成, 电子传输层的厚度为 60nm, 随后依次蒸镀电子注入层和阳极, 电子注入层为 LiF, 电子注入层的厚度为 0.7nm, 阴极为 A1, 阴极的厚度为 150nm, 最后得到所需要的有机电致发光器件。
本实施例制得的具有三元掺杂空穴传输层的有机电致发光器件的结构依次 为: ITO/ (ZnO:NPB:CsF)/Alq3/Bphen/LiF/AL
实施例 2:
一种具有三元掺杂空穴传输层的有机电致发光器件的制备方法, 包括以下 步骤:
( 1 )先将 AZO依次用洗洁精、去离子水、丙酮、 乙醇和异丙醇各超声 15min, 去除 AZO表面的有机污染物, 清洗干净后对其进行氧等离子处理, 氧等离子处 理时间为 5min, 功率为 50W;
( 2 )在经过氧等离子处理后的 AZO表面电子束蒸镀三元掺杂空穴传输层, 所述三元掺杂空穴传输层为铯盐和空穴传输材料掺杂到金属硫化物中形成, 金 属硫化物材料为 ZnS, 铯盐为 Cs2C03, Cs2C03的掺杂质量分数为 1%, 空穴传输 材料为 TCTA, TCTA的掺杂质量分数为 40%, 三元掺杂空穴传输层的厚度为 60nm;
( 3 )先蒸镀发光层, 发光层为 TCTA中掺杂 Firpic, Firpic的掺杂质量分数为 20%, 发光层的厚度为 15nm, 接着蒸镀电子传输层, 电子传输层为电子传输材 料 TPBI沉积在发光层上形成, 随后依次蒸镀电子注入层和阳极, 电子注入层为 NaF, 电子注入层的厚度为 0.5nm, 阴极为 Ag, 阴极的厚度为 80nm, 最后得到所 需要的有机电致发光器件。 本实施例制得的具有三元掺杂空穴传输层的有机电致发光器件的结构依次 为: AZO/ (ZnS: TCTA: Cs2C03)/ (TCTA: Firpic)/ TPBI/NaF/Ag。
实施例 3:
一种具有三元掺杂空穴传输层的有机电致发光器件的制备方法, 包括以下 步骤:
( 1 )先将 IZO依次用洗洁精、去离子水、 丙酮、 乙醇和异丙醇各超声 15min, 去除 IZO表面的有机污染物, 清洗干净后对其进行氧等离子处理, 氧等离子处理 时间为 15min, 功率为 10W;
( 2 )在经过氧等离子处理后的 IZO表面电子束蒸镀三元掺杂空穴传输层, 所述三元掺杂空穴传输层为铯盐和空穴传输材料掺杂到金属氧化物中形成, 金 属氧化物材料为 Ti02, 铯盐为 Cs20, Cs20的掺杂质量分数为 5%, 空穴传输材料 为 TAPC, TAPC的掺杂质量分数为 10%, 三元掺杂空穴传输层的厚度为 20nm;
( 3 )先蒸镀发光层, 发光层为 TPBI中掺杂 Ir(ppy)3, Ir(ppy)3的掺杂质量分 数为 10%, 发光层的厚度为 10nm, 接着蒸镀电子传输层, 电子传输层为电子传 输材料 PBDI沉积在发光层上形成, 随后依次蒸镀电子注入层和阳极, 电子注入 层为 CaF, 电子注入层的厚度为 5nm, 阴极为 Pt, 阴极的厚度为 250nm, 最后得 到所需要的有机电致发光器件。
本实施例制得的具有三元掺杂空穴传输层的有机电致发光器件的结构依次 为: IZO/ (Ti02: TAPC: Cs20)/ (TPBI: Ir(ppy)3)/ PBDI/CaF/Pt。
实施例 4:
一种具有三元掺杂空穴传输层的有机电致发光器件的制备方法, 包括以下 步骤:
( 1 )先将 FTO依次用洗洁精、去离子水、丙酮、 乙醇和异丙醇各超声 15min, 去除 FTO表面的有机污染物,清洗干净后对其进行氧等离子处理, 氧等离子处理 时间为 8min, 功率为 40W;
( 2 )在经过氧等离子处理后的 FTO表面电子束蒸镀三元掺杂空穴传输层, 所述三元掺杂空穴传输层为铯盐和空穴传输材料掺杂到金属硫化物中形成, 金 属硫化物材料为 PbS, 铯盐为 CsN3, CsN3的掺杂质量分数为 1%, 空穴传输材料 为 PBD, PBD的掺杂质量分数为 30%, 三元掺杂空穴传输层的厚度为 60nm;
( 3 )先蒸镀发光层, 发光层为 TAPC中掺杂 Ir(MDQ)2(acac), Ir(MDQ)2(acac) 的掺杂质量分数为 1%, 发光层的厚度为 2nm, 接着蒸镀电子传输层, 电子传输 层为电子传输材料 TAZ沉积在发光层上形成, 随后依次蒸镀电子注入层和阳极, 电子注入层为 LiF, 电子注入层的厚度为 lnm, 阴极为 Au, 阴极的厚度为 lOOnm, 最后得到所需要的有机电致发光器件。
本实施例制得的具有三元掺杂空穴传输层的有机电致发光器件的结构依次 为: FTO/ (PbS: PBD: CsN3)/ (TAPC: Ir(MDQ)2(acac))/ TAZ/LiF/Au。
实施例 5:
一种具有三元掺杂空穴传输层的有机电致发光器件的制备方法, 包括以下 步骤:
( 1 )先将 ITO依次用洗洁精、去离子水、 丙酮、 乙醇和异丙醇各超声 15min, 去除 ITO表面的有机污染物, 清洗干净后对其进行氧等离子处理, 氧等离子处理 时间为 lOmin, 功率为 30W;
( 2 )在经过氧等离子处理后的 ITO表面电子束蒸镀三元掺杂空穴传输层, 所述三元掺杂空穴传输层为铯盐和空穴传输材料掺杂到金属氧化物中形成, 金 属氧化物材料为 ZnO, 铯盐为 Cs2C03, Cs2C03的掺杂质量分数为 2%, 空穴传输 材料为 TAPC, TAPC的掺杂质量分数为 30%, 三元掺杂空穴传输层的厚度为 50nm;
( 3 )先蒸镀发光层, 发光层为 DCJTB, 发光层的掺杂质量分数为 10%, 发 光层的厚度为 50nm, 接着蒸镀电子传输层, 电子传输层为电子传输材料 Bphen 沉积在发光层上形成, 随后依次蒸镀电子注入层和阳极, 电子注入层为 NaF, 电 子注入层的厚度为 4nm, 阴极为 A1, 阴极的厚度为 180nm, 最后得到所需要的有 机电致发光器件。
本实施例制得的具有三元掺杂空穴传输层的有机电致发光器件的结构依次 为: ITO/ (ZnO: TAPC: Cs2C03)/ DCJTB/Bphen/NaF/Al„
以上为本发明的五个实施例, 本发明所用到的制备与测试仪器为: 高真空 镀膜设备(沈阳科学仪器研制中心有限公司, 压强 <1 X 10-3Pa )、 电流-电压测试 仪(美国 Keithly公司, 型号: 2602 )、 电致发光光语测试仪(美国 photo research 公司, 型号: PR650 ) 以及屏幕亮度计 (北京师范大学, 型号: ST-86LA )。
效果实施例
图 2是本发明实施例 1制得的具有三元掺杂空穴传输层的有机电致发光器 件: ITO/ (ZnO:NPB:CsF)/Alq3/Bphen/LiF/Al与常规的有机电致发光器件: ITO/Mo03/NPB/Alq3/ Bphen/LiF/Al的电流效率与电流密度的关系对比图。
从图 2中可以看到, 本发明实施例 1的最大电流效率(为 19.5cd/A )比常规有 机电致发光器件的要大(为 16.1cd/A ), 这说明当采用本发明的三元掺杂 p型空穴 传输层结构时, 阳极和发光层之间的势垒降低, 有利于空穴的注入, 同时提高 空穴传输速率, 使空穴-电子的复合几率大大提高, 最终提高发光效率。
尽管结合目前认为是实用的示例性实施例, 已经对本发明进行了描述, 然 而, 应当理解, 本发明不应局限于所公开的示例性实施例, 相反, 凡在本发明 所附权利要求的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改, 等同替换和改进等, 均应包 含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims

1、 一种具有三元掺杂空穴传输层的有机电致发光器件, 其特征在于, 其结 构包括依次层叠的导电阳极基底、 三元掺杂空穴传输层、 发光层、 电子传输层、 电子注入层和阴极层, 所述三元掺杂空穴传输层的材质为铯盐和空穴传输材料 掺杂到金属化合物中形成的混合材料。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的有机电致发光器件, 其特征在于, 所述金属化合物 为金属氧化物或金属硫化物, 所述金属氧化物为氧化锌或二氧化钛; 所述金属 硫化物为硫化锌或硫化铅, 所述铯盐为叠氮铯、 氟化铯、 碳酸铯或氧化铯。
3、 如权利要求 1所述的有机电致发光器件, 其特征在于, 所述空穴传输材 料为 1 , 1-二 [4-[Ν, Ν'-二 (P-曱苯基)氨基]苯基]环己烷、 Ν, Ν,-二(3-曱基苯基) - Ν, Ν,-二苯基 -4,4,-联苯二胺、 4,4',4"-三 (咔唑 -9-基)三苯胺或 Ν, N,- ( l-萘基) - Ν, Ν,-二苯基 -4,4,-联苯二胺。
4、 如权利要求 1所述的有机电致发光器件, 其特征在于, 所述铯盐的掺杂 质量分数为 1%〜5%, 所述空穴传输材料的掺杂质量分数为 10%〜40%。
5、 如权利要求 1所述的有机电致发光器件, 其特征在于, 所述发光层的材 质为 4- (二腈曱基) -2-丁基 -6- ( 1,1,7,7-四曱基久洛呢啶 -9-乙婦基) -4Η-吡喃、 8-羟基喹啉铝、 双(4,6-二氟苯基吡啶 -N,C2 )吡啶曱酰合铱、 双(4,6-二氟苯基 吡啶) -四 (1-吡唑基)硼酸合铱、 二(2-曱基-二苯基 [f,h]喹喔啉) (乙酰丙酮) 合铱及三(2-苯基吡啶)合铱中的至少一种; 或者
所述发光层的材质为主体材料掺杂客体材料, 其中:
所述客体材料为 4- (二腈曱基) -2-丁基 -6- ( 1,1,7,7-四曱基久洛呢啶 -9-乙烯 基) -4H-吡喃、 8-羟基喹啉铝、 双(4,6-二氟苯基吡啶 -N,C2 )吡啶曱酰合铱、 双 ( 4,6-二氟苯基吡啶 ) -四 ( 1-吡唑基 )硼酸合铱、二 ( 2-曱基-二苯基 [f,h]喹喔啉 )
(乙酰丙酮)合铱或三(2-苯基吡啶)合铱;
所述主体材料为 1 , 1-二 [4-[Ν, Ν'-二 (P-曱苯基)氨基]苯基]环己烷、 Ν, Ν, -二(3-曱基苯基) - Ν, Ν, -二苯基 -4,4, -联苯二胺、 4,4',4"-三 (咔唑 -9-基)三苯 胺、 Ν, Ν, - ( 1-萘基) - Ν, Ν, -二苯基 -4,4, -联苯二胺、 2- ( 4-联苯基) -5-
( 4-叔丁基)苯基 -1,3,4-噁二唑、 8-羟基喹啉铝、 4,7-二苯基 -1,10-菲罗啉、 1,2,4- 三唑衍生物和 Ν-芳基苯并咪唑中的一种或两种。
6、 如权利要求 1所述的有机电致发光器件, 其特征在于, 所述电子传输层 的材质为 2- ( 4-联苯基) -5- ( 4-叔丁基)苯基 -1,3,4-噁二唑、 8-羟基喹啉铝、 4,7- 二苯基 -1,10-菲罗啉、 1,2,4-三唑衍生物或 Ν-芳基苯并咪唑。
7、 如权利要求 1所述的有机电致发光器件, 其特征在于, 所述电子注入层 的材质为 LiF、 CaF2或 NaF。
8、 如权利要求 1所述的有机电致发光器件, 其特征在于, 所述导电阳极基 底为铟锡氧化物玻璃、 掺氟的氧化锡玻璃, 掺铝的氧化锌玻璃或掺铟的氧化锌 玻璃。
9、 如权利要求 1所述的有机电致发光器件, 其特征在于, 所述阴极层为银、 铝、 铂或金。
10、 一种如权利要求 1所述的具有三元掺杂空穴传输层的有机电致发光器件 的制备方法, 其特征在于, 包括以下步骤:
( 1 )先将导电阳极基底进行超声清洗,清洗干净后对其进行氧等离子处理; ( 2 )在经过氧等离子处理后的导电阳极基底表面电子束蒸镀三元掺杂空穴 传输层 , 所述三元掺杂空穴传输层的材质为铯盐和空穴传输材料掺杂到金属化 合物中形成的混合材料; ( 3 )在所述三元掺杂空穴传输层的表面依次层叠蒸镀发光层、电子传输层、 电子注入层和阴极层;
上述步骤完成后, 得到所述有机电致发光器件。
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