WO2013111734A1 - 車両の制御装置及び車両の制御方法 - Google Patents
車両の制御装置及び車両の制御方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013111734A1 WO2013111734A1 PCT/JP2013/051171 JP2013051171W WO2013111734A1 WO 2013111734 A1 WO2013111734 A1 WO 2013111734A1 JP 2013051171 W JP2013051171 W JP 2013051171W WO 2013111734 A1 WO2013111734 A1 WO 2013111734A1
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- attitude
- vehicle
- control
- control device
- vehicle body
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G17/00—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load
- B60G17/015—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load the regulating means comprising electric or electronic elements
- B60G17/016—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load the regulating means comprising electric or electronic elements characterised by their responsiveness, when the vehicle is travelling, to specific motion, a specific condition, or driver input
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G17/00—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load
- B60G17/015—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load the regulating means comprising electric or electronic elements
- B60G17/016—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load the regulating means comprising electric or electronic elements characterised by their responsiveness, when the vehicle is travelling, to specific motion, a specific condition, or driver input
- B60G17/0165—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load the regulating means comprising electric or electronic elements characterised by their responsiveness, when the vehicle is travelling, to specific motion, a specific condition, or driver input to an external condition, e.g. rough road surface, side wind
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G17/00—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load
- B60G17/015—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load the regulating means comprising electric or electronic elements
- B60G17/0195—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load the regulating means comprising electric or electronic elements characterised by the regulation being combined with other vehicle control systems
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G17/00—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load
- B60G17/06—Characteristics of dampers, e.g. mechanical dampers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
- B60T13/10—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
- B60T13/66—Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems
- B60T13/662—Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems characterised by specified functions of the control system components
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T7/00—Brake-action initiating means
- B60T7/12—Brake-action initiating means for automatic initiation; for initiation not subject to will of driver or passenger
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
- B60T8/17—Using electrical or electronic regulation means to control braking
- B60T8/1755—Brake regulation specially adapted to control the stability of the vehicle, e.g. taking into account yaw rate or transverse acceleration in a curve
- B60T8/17555—Brake regulation specially adapted to control the stability of the vehicle, e.g. taking into account yaw rate or transverse acceleration in a curve specially adapted for enhancing driver or passenger comfort, e.g. soft intervention or pre-actuation strategies
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
- B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
- B60W10/06—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
- B60W10/18—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of braking systems
- B60W10/184—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of braking systems with wheel brakes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
- B60W10/22—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of suspension systems
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
- B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
- B60W30/20—Reducing vibrations in the driveline
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G2400/00—Indexing codes relating to detected, measured or calculated conditions or factors
- B60G2400/80—Exterior conditions
- B60G2400/82—Ground surface
- B60G2400/821—Uneven, rough road sensing affecting vehicle body vibration
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G2400/00—Indexing codes relating to detected, measured or calculated conditions or factors
- B60G2400/90—Other conditions or factors
- B60G2400/91—Frequency
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G2500/00—Indexing codes relating to the regulated action or device
- B60G2500/10—Damping action or damper
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T2260/00—Interaction of vehicle brake system with other systems
- B60T2260/06—Active Suspension System
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
- B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
- B60W30/20—Reducing vibrations in the driveline
- B60W2030/206—Reducing vibrations in the driveline related or induced by the engine
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2520/00—Input parameters relating to overall vehicle dynamics
- B60W2520/16—Pitch
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2710/00—Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
- B60W2710/06—Combustion engines, Gas turbines
- B60W2710/0666—Engine torque
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2710/00—Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
- B60W2710/18—Braking system
- B60W2710/182—Brake pressure, e.g. of fluid or between pad and disc
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2710/00—Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
- B60W2710/22—Suspension systems
- B60W2710/223—Stiffness
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2710/00—Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
- B60W2710/22—Suspension systems
- B60W2710/226—Damping
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a control device and control method for controlling the state of a vehicle.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a technique of controlling a vehicle body posture by using a driving force of a power source.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a control device of a vehicle and a control method of the vehicle capable of reducing a sense of discomfort given to a driver.
- the vehicle body attitude is controlled by the power source attitude control means. Is greater than a predetermined value, the vehicle attitude is controlled by the second attitude control means instead of the power source attitude control means.
- the vehicle body posture control by the driving force of the power source is not performed, so that the fluctuation of the driving force can be suppressed, and the discomfort given to the driver can be reduced.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic system diagram showing a control device of a vehicle of a first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a control block diagram showing a control configuration of a control device of a vehicle according to a first embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a control block diagram illustrating a configuration of roll rate suppression control according to the first embodiment.
- 5 is a time chart illustrating an envelope waveform forming process of roll rate suppression control according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a control block diagram showing a configuration of a traveling state estimation unit of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a control block diagram showing control contents in a stroke speed calculation unit of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a reference wheel speed calculation unit of Embodiment 1. It is the schematic showing a vehicle body vibration model.
- FIG. 6 is a control block diagram showing calculation processing of each actuator control amount when performing pitch control according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a control block diagram showing brake pitch control of the first embodiment. It is the figure which wrote simultaneously and represented the wheel speed frequency characteristic detected by the wheel speed sensor, and the stroke frequency characteristic of the stroke sensor which is not mounted in the Example.
- FIG. 6 is a control block diagram showing frequency sensitive control in sprung mass damping control according to the first embodiment. It is a correlation diagram showing the human sense characteristic in each frequency domain.
- FIG. 7 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the vibration mixing ratio in the fluffy region and the damping force in the frequency sensitive control of the first embodiment. It is a figure showing the wheel speed frequency characteristic detected by the wheel speed sensor in a certain driving condition.
- FIG. 5 is a control block diagram showing brake pitch control of the first embodiment. It is the figure which wrote simultaneously and represented the wheel speed frequency characteristic detected by the wheel speed sensor, and the stroke frequency characteristic of the stroke sensor which is not mounted in the Example.
- FIG. 6 is
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a control configuration of unsprung mass damping control according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a control block diagram illustrating a control configuration of a damping force control unit of the first embodiment.
- 7 is a flowchart illustrating attenuation coefficient arbitration processing in a standard mode according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing damping coefficient arbitration processing in the sport mode of the first embodiment.
- FIG. FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing damping coefficient arbitration processing in the comfort mode according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing damping coefficient arbitration processing in the highway mode of the first embodiment.
- FIG. It is a time chart showing change of a damping coefficient at the time of driving on a wavy road surface and an uneven road surface.
- 5 is a flowchart showing mode selection processing based on a traveling state in the damping coefficient mediation unit of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a control block diagram illustrating actuator control amount calculation processing when
- FIG. 1 is a schematic system diagram showing a control device of a vehicle according to a first embodiment.
- the engine 1 which is a power source
- the brake 20 which generates a braking torque by friction on each wheel
- S / A a shock absorber 3
- S / A a shock absorber 3
- the engine 1 includes an engine controller (hereinafter, also referred to as an engine control unit) 1a that controls a torque output from the engine 1.
- the engine controller 1a includes the throttle valve opening degree of the engine 1, the fuel injection amount, and ignition. By controlling timing etc., a desired engine operating condition (engine speed and engine output torque) is controlled.
- the brake 20 also generates a braking torque based on the hydraulic pressure supplied from the brake control unit 2 that can control the brake hydraulic pressure of each wheel according to the traveling state.
- the brake control unit 2 includes a brake controller (hereinafter, also referred to as a brake control unit) 2a that controls a braking torque generated by the brake 20, and a master cylinder pressure generated by a driver's operation of a brake pedal or a built-in motor.
- a pump pressure generated by the drive pump is used as a hydraulic pressure source, and a desired hydraulic pressure is generated in the brakes 20 of each wheel by opening and closing operations of a plurality of solenoid valves.
- S / A 3 is a damping force generator for damping the elastic motion of a coil spring provided between the unsprung (axle, wheels, etc.) and sprung (vehicle body, etc.) of the vehicle, and the damping force by the operation of the actuator. It is configured to be variable.
- the S / A 3 has a cylinder in which the fluid is enclosed, a piston that travels in the cylinder, and an orifice that controls fluid movement between fluid chambers formed above and below the piston. Furthermore, an orifice having a plurality of orifice diameters is formed in this piston, and when the S / A actuator is operated, an orifice corresponding to the control command is selected from the plurality of orifices.
- the damping force according to the orifice diameter can be generated. For example, if the orifice diameter is small, the movement of the piston is likely to be limited, and the damping force is high. If the orifice diameter is large, the movement of the piston is not likely to be limited, and the damping force is small.
- an electromagnetic control valve is disposed on the communication path connecting the fluid formed above and below the piston, and the damping force is set by controlling the opening / closing amount of this electromagnetic control valve. Also, it is not particularly limited.
- the S / A 3 includes an S / A controller 3a that controls the damping force of the S / A 3.
- the orifice diameter is operated by the S / A actuator to control the damping force.
- wheel speed sensor 5 for detecting the wheel speed of each wheel (hereinafter, when displaying the wheel speed corresponding to an individual wheel, right front wheel speed: 5FR, left front wheel speed: 5FL, right rear wheel speed: 5RR , Left rear wheel wheel speed: 5RL), integrated sensor 6 for detecting longitudinal acceleration acting on the center of gravity of the vehicle, yaw rate and lateral acceleration, and a steering angle which is a driver's steering operation amount Steering angle sensor 7, vehicle speed sensor 8 for detecting vehicle speed, engine torque sensor 9 for detecting engine torque, engine revolution sensor 10 for detecting engine revolution speed, and master pressure sensor 11 for detecting master cylinder pressure And a brake switch 12 for outputting an on-state signal when a brake pedal operation is performed, and an accelerator opening sensor 13 for detecting an accelerator pedal opening.
- the signals of these various sensors are input to the S / A controller 3a.
- the position of the integrated sensor 6 may be the position of the center of gravity of the vehicle, or may be any configuration other than that as long as the various values at the position of the center of gravity can be estimated. Moreover, it does not need to be integral type, It is good also as a structure which detects a yaw rate, longitudinal acceleration, and lateral acceleration separately.
- FIG. 2 is a control block diagram showing a control configuration of the control device of the vehicle according to the first embodiment.
- the controller includes three components of an engine controller 1a, a brake controller 2a, and an S / A controller 3a.
- a driver input control unit 31 for performing driver input control to achieve a desired vehicle posture based on a driver's operation (steering operation, accelerator operation, brake pedal operation, etc.), and various sensors
- a traveling state estimation unit 32 that estimates a traveling state based on detected values
- a sprung mass damping control unit 33 that controls a vibration state on a spring based on the estimated traveling state
- a traveling state estimated based on the estimated traveling state a traveling state estimated based on the estimated traveling state.
- An unsprung mass damping control unit 34 for controlling an unsprung vibration state; a shock absorber posture control amount output from the driver input control portion 31; and a sprung mass damping control amount output from the sprung mass damping control unit 33
- the damping force control unit 3 that determines the damping force to be set to S / A 3 based on the unsprung mass damping control amount output from the unsprung mass damping control unit 34 and performs S / A damping force control With the door.
- the controller includes three controllers.
- the damping force control unit 35 is excluded from the S / A controller 3a to be a posture control controller, and the damping force control unit 35 is S / S.
- the configuration may be such that four controllers are provided as the A controller, or each controller may be configured as one integrated controller, and is not particularly limited.
- the engine controller and the brake controller in the existing vehicle are used as they are to form the engine control unit 1a and the brake control unit 2a, and the S / A controller 3a is separately mounted. It is assumed that the control device for a vehicle according to the first embodiment is realized.
- S / A3 can control all of roll movement, bounce movement and pitch movement, but when all control is performed by S / A3, it causes an increase in the manufacturing cost of S / A3, and the damping force
- the high frequency vibration from the road surface side is easily input since it tends to be high, which also makes the driver feel uncomfortable.
- the control by the brake 20 does not cause deterioration of the high frequency vibration but causes an increase in the feeling of deceleration
- the control by the S / A 3 does not cause the feeling of deceleration but has a trade-off of causing the input of the high frequency vibration Do.
- the driver input control unit 31 achieves the vehicle attitude requested by the driver by the engine side driver input control unit 31a that achieves the vehicle attitude requested by the driver by the torque control of the engine 1 and damping force control of S / A3. And S / A driver input control unit 31b.
- the engine-side driver input control unit 31a based on the signals from the steering load sensor 7 and the vehicle speed sensor 8 on the ground load fluctuation suppression control amount for suppressing the ground load fluctuation of the front and rear wheels, The corresponding yaw response control amount is calculated and output to the engine control unit 1a.
- the S / A driver input control unit 31b calculates a driver input damping force control amount corresponding to the vehicle behavior desired by the driver based on the signals from the steering angle sensor 7 and the vehicle speed sensor 8, and the damping force control unit 35b. Output to For example, if the nose side of the vehicle is lifted while the driver is turning, the driver's visibility is likely to be out of the road surface. In this case, the damping force of the four wheels is reduced to the driver input damping force to prevent the nose lifting. Output as a control amount. In addition, the driver input damping force control amount that suppresses the roll generated at the time of turning is output.
- FIG. 3 is a control block diagram showing the configuration of roll rate suppression control according to the first embodiment.
- the lateral acceleration estimation unit 31b1 the front wheel steering angle ⁇ f detected by the steering angle sensor 7 and the rear wheel steering angle ⁇ r (if a rear wheel steering apparatus is provided, the actual rear wheel steering angle is used, and 0 otherwise as appropriate
- the vehicle speed VSP detected by the vehicle speed sensor 8 to estimate the lateral acceleration Yg.
- the lateral acceleration Yg is calculated by the following equation using the yaw rate estimated value ⁇ .
- Yg VSP ⁇ ⁇
- the yaw rate estimated value ⁇ is calculated by the following equation.
- the 90 ° phase lead component creation unit 31 b 2 differentiates the estimated lateral acceleration Yg to output a lateral acceleration differential value dYg.
- the 90 ° phase delay component creation unit 31b3 outputs a component F (dYg) obtained by delaying the phase of the lateral acceleration differential value dYg by 90 °.
- the component F (dYg) is the DC cut component of the lateral acceleration Yg, that is, the lateral, in which the phase of the component from which the low frequency region has been removed in the 90 ° phase lead component creation unit 31b2 is returned to the phase of the lateral acceleration Yg. It is a transient component of the acceleration Yg.
- the 90 ° phase delay component creation unit 31b4 outputs a component F (Yg) obtained by delaying the phase of the estimated lateral acceleration Yg by 90 °.
- the gain multiplication unit 31b5 multiplies the lateral acceleration Yg, the lateral acceleration differential value dYg, the lateral acceleration DC cut component F (dYg), and the 90 ° phase delay component F (Yg) by gains. Each gain is set based on the roll rate transfer function with respect to the steering angle. Each gain may be adjusted according to four control modes described later.
- the square operation unit 31b6 outputs the square of each component multiplied by the gain.
- the combining unit 31b7 adds the values output from the square operation unit 31b6.
- the gain multiplication unit 31b8 multiplies the gain by the value of the square of each component added and outputs the result.
- the square root calculator 31b9 calculates the square root of the value output from the gain multiplier 31b7 to calculate the driver input attitude control amount for roll rate suppression control, and outputs the calculated amount to the damping force controller 35.
- 90 ° phase lead component creation unit 31b2, 90 ° phase delay component creation unit 31b3, 90 ° phase delay component creation unit 31b4, gain multiplication unit 31b5, square operation unit 31b6, synthesis unit 31b7, gain multiplication unit 31b8, square root operation unit 31b9 Corresponds to the Hilbert transformer 31 b 10 that generates an envelope waveform using Hilbert transform.
- FIG. 4 is a time chart showing an envelope waveform forming process of roll rate suppression control according to the first embodiment.
- a roll rate gradually starts to occur.
- the 90 ° phase lead component dYg is added to form an envelope waveform, and the driver input attitude control amount is calculated based on the scalar amount based on the envelope waveform to suppress the generation of the roll rate at the initial stage of steering.
- the lateral acceleration DC cut component F (dYg) is added to form an envelope waveform, thereby efficiently suppressing the roll rate that occurs in a transient state when the driver starts or ends steering.
- phase delay component F (Yg) If the phase delay component F (Yg) is not added, the damping force from time t2 to time t3 is set to a small value, which may cause the vehicle behavior to be destabilized by the roll rate resonance component. In order to suppress this roll rate resonance component, a 90 ° phase delay component F (Yg) is applied.
- FIG. 5 is a control block diagram showing the configuration of the traveling state estimation unit of the first embodiment.
- the traveling state estimation unit 32 of the first embodiment the stroke speed of each wheel used for skyhook control of the on-spring damping control unit 33 described later based on the wheel speed basically detected by the wheel speed sensor 5; Calculate bounce rate, roll rate and pitch rate.
- the value of the wheel speed sensor 5 of each wheel is input to the stroke speed calculator 321, and the sprung speed is calculated from the stroke speed of each wheel calculated by the stroke speed calculator 321.
- FIG. 6 is a control block diagram showing control contents in the stroke speed calculation unit of the first embodiment.
- the stroke speed calculation unit 321 is provided individually for each wheel, and the control block diagram shown in FIG. 6 is a control block diagram focusing on a certain wheel.
- the value of the wheel speed sensor 5, the front wheel steering angle ⁇ f detected by the steering angle sensor 7, and the rear wheel steering angle ⁇ r (if a rear wheel steering device is provided, the actual rear wheel steering) In other cases, the angle may be 0 as appropriate)
- the reference wheel speed calculation unit 300 that calculates the reference wheel speed based on the vehicle lateral velocity and the actual yaw rate detected by the integrated sensor 6
- a tire rotation vibration frequency calculation unit 321a that calculates a tire rotation vibration frequency based on the calculated reference wheel speed
- a deviation calculation unit 321b that calculates a deviation (wheel speed fluctuation) between the reference wheel speed and a wheel speed sensor value
- a GEO conversion unit 321c that converts the deviation calculated by the deviation calculation unit 321b into
- FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the reference wheel speed calculation unit of the first embodiment.
- the reference wheel speed refers to a value obtained by removing various disturbances among the wheel speeds.
- the difference between the wheel speed sensor value and the reference wheel speed is a value that is related to the component that fluctuated according to the bounce behavior of the vehicle body, the roll behavior, the pitch behavior or the stroke generated by the unsprung vertical vibration.
- the stroke speed is estimated based on this difference.
- the planar motion component extraction unit 301 receives the wheel speed sensor value and calculates a first wheel speed V0 that is a reference wheel speed of each wheel based on the vehicle body plan view model.
- the wheel speed sensor value detected by the wheel speed sensor 5 is ⁇ (rad / s)
- the front wheel actual steering angle detected by the steering angle sensor 7 is ⁇ f (rad)
- the rear wheel actual steering angle is ⁇ r (rad )
- the wheel speeds are VFL, VFR, VRL, VRR, the tread of the front wheel is Tf, the tread of the rear wheel is Tr, the distance from the vehicle center of gravity to the front wheel is Lf, and the distance from the vehicle center of gravity to the rear wheel is Lr.
- the vehicle body plan view model is expressed as follows.
- VFL (V ⁇ Tf / 2 ⁇ ⁇ ) cos ⁇ f + (Vx + Lf ⁇ ⁇ ) sin ⁇ f
- VFR (V + Tf / 2 ⁇ ⁇ ) cos ⁇ f + (Vx + Lf ⁇ ⁇ ) sin ⁇ f
- VRL (V ⁇ Tr / 2 ⁇ ⁇ ) cos ⁇ r + (Vx ⁇ Lr ⁇ ⁇ ) sin ⁇ r
- VRR (V + Tr / 2 ⁇ ⁇ ) cos ⁇ r + (Vx ⁇ Lr ⁇ ⁇ ) sin ⁇ r
- V is described as V0FL, V0FR, V0RL, V0RR (corresponding to the first wheel speed) as a value corresponding to each wheel.
- V0FL ⁇ VFL ⁇ Lf ⁇ ⁇ sin ⁇ f ⁇ / cos ⁇ f + Tf / 2 ⁇ ⁇
- V0FR ⁇ VFR ⁇ Lf ⁇ ⁇ sin ⁇ f ⁇ / cos ⁇ f ⁇ Tf / 2 ⁇ ⁇
- V0RL ⁇ VRL + Lr ⁇ ⁇ sin ⁇ r ⁇ / cos ⁇ r + Tr / 2 ⁇ ⁇
- V0RR ⁇ VRR + Lf ⁇ ⁇ sin ⁇ f ⁇ / cos ⁇ r ⁇ Tr / 2 ⁇ ⁇
- the roll disturbance removing unit 302 receives the first wheel speed V0 and calculates second wheel speeds V0F and V0R as reference wheel speeds of the front and rear wheels based on the vehicle body front view model.
- the vehicle body front view model is intended to remove the wheel speed difference caused by the roll movement generated around the roll rotation center on the vertical line passing the vehicle center of gravity when the vehicle is viewed from the front, and is represented by the following equation Be done.
- V0F (V0FL + V0FR) / 2
- V0R (V0RL + V0RR) / 2
- the second wheel speeds V0F and V0R from which the disturbance based on the roll is removed are obtained.
- the pitch disturbance removing unit 303 receives the second wheel speeds V0F and V0R and calculates third wheel speeds VbFL, VbFR, VbRL, and VbRR as reference wheel speeds of all the wheels based on the vehicle body side view model.
- the vehicle body side view model is to remove the wheel speed difference caused by the pitch movement generated around the pitch rotation center on the vertical line passing the vehicle center of gravity when the vehicle is viewed from the side direction, and the following It is expressed by the equation of (Equation 3)
- VRR is calculated and divided by the tire radius
- the deviation between the reference wheel speed ⁇ 0 and the wheel speed sensor value is calculated, and this deviation is the wheel speed fluctuation associated with the suspension stroke, It is converted to the stroke speed Vz_s.
- the suspension does not stroke only in the vertical direction when holding each wheel, the wheel rotation center moves back and forth along with the stroke, and the axle itself on which the wheel speed sensor 5 is mounted is also inclined. Hold, causing a rotation angle difference with the wheel. Since the wheel speed changes with this back and forth movement, the deviation between the reference wheel speed and the wheel speed sensor value can be extracted as a change associated with this stroke.
- the degree of fluctuation may be set appropriately according to the suspension geometry.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing a vehicle body vibration model.
- Fig. 8 (a) is a model of a vehicle (hereinafter referred to as "combe vehicle") provided with a constant damping force S / A
- Fig. 8 (b) is provided with a damping force variable S / A. It is a model when performing skyhook control.
- Ms represents a mass on a spring
- Mu represents a mass under a spring
- Ks represents a modulus of elasticity of a coil spring
- Cs represents a damping coefficient of S / A
- Ku is an unsprung (tire)
- Cu represents the unsprung (tire) damping coefficient
- Cv represents the variable damping coefficient.
- z2 represents a sprung position
- z1 represents an unsprung position
- z0 represents a road surface position.
- dz2 - (1 / Ms) ⁇ (1 / s 2) ⁇ (Cs ⁇ s + Ks) (dz2-dz1)
- dz2-dz1 is a stroke speed (Vz_sFL, Vz_sFR, Vz_sRL, Vz_sRR)
- the sprung speed can be calculated from the stroke speed.
- the estimation accuracy is significantly reduced, which causes a problem that a large attitude control force (damping force change) can not be given in the motor vehicle model.
- each variable corresponds to a filter coefficient, and a pseudodifferential term ⁇ Since (Cs + Cv) ⁇ s + Ks ⁇ includes a discontinuous variable damping coefficient Cv, the filter response becomes unstable, and appropriate estimation accuracy can not be obtained. In particular, when the filter response becomes unstable, the phase shifts. Skyhook control can not be achieved if the correspondence relationship between the phase and the sign of the sprung velocity is broken.
- the sprung mass is obtained using an active skyhook model that can directly use a stable Csky without depending on the sign relationship between the sprung velocity and the stroke velocity. It was decided to estimate the speed.
- the active skyhook model is adopted and the sprung velocity is obtained, it is expressed as follows.
- the magnitude of the estimated sprung velocity is smaller than the actual value in the frequency band below sprung resonance, the most important factor in skyhook control is phase, and if the correspondence between phase and sign can be maintained, skyhook Control is achieved and there is no problem as the magnitude of the sprung velocity can be adjusted by other factors etc.
- the bounce term of the stroke amount is xsB
- the roll term is xsR
- the pitch term is xsP
- the warp term is xsW
- the stroke amount corresponding to Vz_sFL, Vz_sFR, Vz_sRL, Vz_sRR is z_sFL, z_sFR, z_sRL, z_sRR, the following equation Is true.
- xsB, xsR, xsP, the derivative dxsB of xsW, etc. are expressed by the following equations.
- dxsB 1/4 (Vz_sFL + Vz_sFR + Vz_sRL + Vz_sRR)
- dxsR 1/4 (Vz_sFL-Vz_sFR + Vz_sRL-Vz_sRR)
- dxsP 1/4 (-Vz_sFL-Vz_sFR + Vz_sRL + Vz_sRR)
- dxsW 1/4 (-Vz_sFL + Vz_sFR + Vz_sRL-Vz_sRR)
- the sprung mass damping control section 33 performs a skyhook control section 33 a that performs attitude control based on the sprung speed estimation value described above, and frequency sensitivity that suppresses sprung mass vibration based on the road surface input frequency. And a control unit 33b.
- the engine 1, the brake 20, and the S / A 3 are provided as actuators for achieving the sprung attitude control.
- the skyhook control unit 33a controls the bounce rate, the roll rate, and the pitch rate for S / A 3 as a control target, the bounce rate and the pitch rate for the engine 1 as a control target, and the pitch for the brake 20. Let late be the control target.
- the control amount for each actuator can be determined by using the sprung speed estimated by the traveling state estimation unit 32 described above.
- FIG. 9 is a control block diagram showing each actuator control amount calculation process when performing pitch control according to the first embodiment.
- the skyhook control unit 33 a is achieved by the first target attitude control amount calculation unit 331 that calculates a target pitch rate, which is a first target attitude control amount that is a control amount that can be used commonly to all actuators, and the engine 1.
- the engine attitude control amount computing unit 332 that computes the engine attitude control amount to be selected, the brake attitude control amount computing unit 334 that computes the brake attitude control amount achieved by the brake 20, and the S / A attitude control amount achieved by the S / A 3 And an operation switching unit 337 that selectively switches operation / non-operation of each actuator with respect to pitch control.
- the first target posture control amount calculation unit 331 outputs the pitch rate as it is (hereinafter, this pitch rate is Described as a first target attitude control amount).
- the operation switching unit 337 receives the pitch rate calculated by the traveling state estimation unit 32, and when the absolute value of the amplitude of the pitch rate is less than a first predetermined value, the operation switching unit 337 outputs it from the first target attitude control amount calculation unit 331.
- the first target attitude control amount is output to the engine attitude control amount calculation unit 332, and the first target attitude control amount is output if the absolute value of the pitch rate amplitude is less than the second predetermined value larger than the first predetermined value. It is output to the S / A attitude control amount calculation unit 336, and the first target attitude control amount is output to the brake attitude control amount calculation unit 334 when the absolute value of the amplitude of the pitch rate is equal to or larger than the second predetermined value.
- the engine posture control amount calculation unit 332 calculates an engine posture control amount which is a control amount that can be achieved by the engine 1 based on the input first target posture control amount.
- a limit value is set that limits the engine torque control amount according to the engine attitude control amount so as not to give the driver a sense of discomfort.
- the engine control unit 1 a calculates an engine torque control amount based on the engine attitude control amount corresponding to the limit value, and outputs the calculated engine torque control amount to the engine 1.
- the brake attitude control calculation unit 334 calculates a brake attitude control amount which is a control amount that can be achieved by the brake 20 based on the input first target attitude control amount.
- a limit value for limiting the braking torque control amount is set in the brake attitude control amount calculation unit 334 in order to prevent the driver from feeling uncomfortable as in the engine 1 (the details of the limit value will be described later) ).
- the brake control unit 2 a calculates a braking torque control amount (or deceleration) based on the brake attitude control amount corresponding to the limit value, and outputs the calculated amount to the brake control unit 2.
- the S / A attitude control amount calculation unit 336 calculates the pitch attitude control amount of S / A 3 based on the input first target attitude control amount.
- the damping force control unit 35 calculates the damping force control amount based on the bounce attitude control amount, the roll attitude control amount, and the pitch attitude control amount (hereinafter collectively referred to as S / A attitude control amount). , S / A3.
- FIG. 10 is a control block diagram showing brake pitch control of the first embodiment.
- the mass of the vehicle is m
- the braking force of the front wheel is BFf
- the braking force of the rear wheel is BFr
- the height between the vehicle center of gravity and the road surface is Hcg
- the acceleration of the vehicle is a
- the pitch moment is Mp
- the pitch rate is Vp
- the inside of the brake posture control amount calculation unit 334 is configured of the following control blocks.
- Dead zone processing code determination section 3341 determines the sign of the input pitch rate Vp, and outputs 0 to deceleration feeling reduction processing section 3342 when it is positive, and determines that control is possible when it is negative.
- the pitch rate signal is output to the deceleration feeling reduction processing unit 3342.
- the deceleration feeling reduction process is a process corresponding to the restriction by the restriction value performed in the brake posture control amount calculation unit 334.
- the square processing unit 3342 a performs square processing on the pitch rate signal. This reverses the sign and smoothes the rise of the control force.
- the pitch rate squared damping moment calculation unit 3342b calculates the pitch moment Mp by multiplying the pitch rate subjected to the square processing by the skyhook gain CskyP of the pitch term in consideration of the square processing.
- the target deceleration calculation unit 3342c calculates the target deceleration by dividing the pitch moment Mp by the mass m and the height Hcg between the vehicle center of gravity and the road surface.
- the calculated change rate of the target deceleration that is, whether the jerk falls within the range between the preset deceleration jerk threshold and the removal jerk threshold, and the target deceleration is the longitudinal acceleration limit value. It is determined whether or not it is within the range, and if any threshold is exceeded, the target deceleration is corrected to a value that falls within the range of the jerk threshold, and if the target deceleration exceeds the limit value, the limit is limited. Set in the value. Thus, the deceleration can be generated so as not to give the driver a sense of discomfort.
- the target pitch moment converter 3343 calculates the target pitch moment by multiplying the target deceleration limited by the jerk threshold limiter 3342 d by the mass m and the height Hcg, and calculates the brake controller 2 a and the target pitch rate converter 3344. Output to The target pitch rate conversion unit 3344 divides the target pitch moment by the skyhook gain CskyP of the pitch term to convert it into a target pitch rate (corresponding to a brake posture control amount), and sends a third target posture control amount calculation unit 335 Output.
- the pitch control when the absolute value of the pitch rate amplitude is less than the first predetermined value by the action of the operation switching unit 337, the pitch control is performed only with the engine 1 and the absolute value of the pitch rate amplitude is the first predetermined value.
- the pitch control is performed only with the brake 2 when the absolute value of the amplitude of the pitch rate is more than the second predetermined value.
- the S / A3 controllable area can be narrowed by not performing the pitch control by S / A3, which is inexpensive.
- the pitch control can be achieved by the following S / A3.
- the damping force control amount when the damping force control amount is increased, the damping force basically increases.
- the increase in damping force means that the suspension characteristics become hard. Therefore, when high frequency vibration is input from the road surface side, high frequency input is easily transmitted, and the comfort of the occupant is impaired (hereinafter referred to as high frequency vibration characteristics). State it worse.).
- high frequency vibration characteristics hereinafter referred to as high frequency vibration characteristics
- the pitch control is not performed by the brake 20 and the pitch rate is medium or less In the scene of (1), it is possible to avoid an increase in the feeling of deceleration caused by the increase in braking torque. Furthermore, since a scene with a large pitch rate (the absolute value of the amplitude of the pitch rate is equal to or greater than a second predetermined value) is rare, the scene generating the deceleration can be reduced, and the durability of the brake system can be improved.
- the pitch rate is large, by not performing the pitch control by S / A3, the controllable area of S / A3 can be narrowed, and the pitch control can be achieved by inexpensive S / A3. In addition, it is possible to avoid the deterioration of the high frequency vibration in the scene where the pitch rate is large.
- the sprung speed is basically estimated based on the detection value of the wheel speed sensor 5, and the skyhook control based on that is performed to achieve the sprung mass damping control.
- the traveling condition softer than the flat feeling of the vehicle
- vector control where the relationship between the stroke velocity and the sign of the sprung velocity (such as phase) becomes important like skyhook control, a slight phase shift may make it difficult to perform appropriate control. From this, it is decided to introduce frequency sensitive control which is sprung mass damping control according to the scalar quantity of the vibration characteristic.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram in which the wheel speed frequency characteristics detected by the wheel speed sensor and the stroke frequency characteristics of the stroke sensor not mounted in the embodiment are simultaneously written.
- the frequency characteristic is a characteristic in which the magnitude of the amplitude with respect to the frequency is taken on the vertical axis as a scalar amount.
- the entire body of the occupant shakes the sensation as if the occupant was thrown into the air, in other words, the sensation that the gravitational acceleration acting on the occupant is reduced.
- a frequency range that brings about (flipping) 0.5 to 3 Hz
- the range between the on-spring resonance frequency component and the Sense that the human body jumps up little by little when performing trot in other words, a frequency range that brings up and down movement that can be followed by the whole body as a harmonic range (3 to 6 Hz)
- a range where the unsprung resonance frequency component exists Is not a vertical movement until the mass of the human body follows, but it is a frequency range where small vibrations are transmitted to a part of the body such as the occupant's thighs (6 ⁇ It is defined as 23 Hz).
- FIG. 12 is a control block diagram showing frequency sensitive control in sprung mass damping control according to the first embodiment.
- the predetermined frequency domain dividing unit 351 divides the frequency band into each of the frequency domain, the frequency domain, and the frequency domain.
- the Hilbert transform processing unit 352 Hilbert transforms each of the divided frequency bands, and converts it into a scalar quantity (specifically, an area calculated by the amplitude and the frequency band) based on the amplitude of the frequency.
- the vehicle vibration system weight setting unit 353 sets weights by which the vibration of each frequency band in the fluffy region, the chick region and the bull region is actually transmitted to the vehicle.
- the human sense weight setting unit 354 sets weights by which the vibration of each frequency band in the fluffy region, the chick region and the bull region is propagated to the occupant.
- FIG. 13 is a correlation diagram showing human sense characteristics with respect to frequency.
- the occupant's sensitivity to the frequency is relatively low, and the sensitivity gradually increases as the frequency region is shifted.
- the high frequency area above the bull area is less likely to be transmitted to the occupant.
- the human sense weight Wf of the fluff region is set to 0.17
- the human sense weight Wh of the flop region is set to 0.34, which is larger than Wf
- the human sense weight Wb of the bull region is larger than Wf and Wh. Set to 0.38.
- the correlation between the scalar quantity of each frequency band and the vibration actually transmitted to the occupant can be further enhanced.
- These two weighting factors may be changed as appropriate depending on the vehicle concept and the preference of the occupant.
- the weight determination means 355 calculates the ratio of the weight of each frequency band to the weight of each frequency band. Assuming that the weight of the fluffy region is a, the weight of the chick region is b, and the weight of the bull region is c, the weight coefficient of the fluffy region is (a / (a + b + c)) and the weight coefficient of the chick region is (b / (a + b + c) ), And the weighting factor of the bull area is (c / (a + b + c)).
- the scalar quantity calculator 356 multiplies the scalar quantity of each frequency band calculated by the Hilbert transform processor 352 by the weight calculated by the weight determination unit 355, and outputs the final scalar quantity. The processing so far is performed on the wheel speed sensor value of each wheel.
- the maximum value selection unit 357 selects the maximum value among the final scalar quantities calculated respectively for the four wheels. Note that 0.01 in the lower part is set to avoid that the denominator becomes 0, because the sum of maximum values is used as the denominator in the later processing.
- the ratio calculation unit 358 calculates a ratio with the sum of the scalar quantity maximum values of the frequency bands as a denominator and the scalar quantity maximum value of the frequency band corresponding to the fluffy region as a numerator. In other words, the mixing ratio (hereinafter, simply referred to as a ratio) of the fluff region included in all vibration components is calculated.
- the sprung resonance filter 359 performs filtering of about 1.2 Hz of the sprung resonance frequency with respect to the calculated ratio, and extracts a component of the sprung resonance frequency band representing a fluff region from the calculated ratio. In other words, since the fluff region is present at about 1.2 Hz, the ratio of this region is also considered to change at about 1.2 Hz. Then, the ratio that is finally extracted is output to the damping force control unit 35, and the frequency sensitive damping force control amount according to the ratio is output.
- FIG. 14 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the vibration mixing ratio in the flash region and the damping force in the frequency sensitive control of the first embodiment.
- the vibration level of the on-spring resonance is reduced by setting the damping force high when the ratio of the fluffy region is large.
- the damping force is set high, since the ratio of the area of the chick and the area of the bull is small, high frequency vibrations and vibrations that move like chicks are not transmitted to the occupant.
- the ratio of the fluff region is small, by setting the damping force low, the vibration transfer characteristics above the on-spring resonance decrease, high frequency vibrations are suppressed, and a smooth ride can be obtained.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing the wheel speed frequency characteristics detected by the wheel speed sensor 5 under certain traveling conditions. This is a characteristic that appears particularly when traveling on a road surface where small irregularities such as cobblestones are continuous. If skyhook control is performed while traveling on a road surface exhibiting such characteristics, the skyhook control determines the damping force by the peak value of the amplitude, so if the estimation of the phase for the input of high frequency vibration worsens, There is a problem that a very high damping force is set at the wrong timing and the high frequency vibration is deteriorated.
- FIG. 16 is a block diagram showing a control configuration of unsprung mass damping control according to the first embodiment.
- the unsprung resonance component extraction unit 341 causes the band pass filter to act on the wheel speed fluctuation output from the deviation calculation unit 321 b in the traveling state estimation unit 32 to extract the unsprung resonance component.
- the unsprung resonance component is extracted from a region of approximately 10 to 20 Hz of the wheel speed frequency component.
- the envelope waveform shaping unit 342 scalarizes the extracted unsprung resonance component and shapes the envelope waveform using the Envelope Filter.
- the gain multiplication unit 343 multiplies the gain by the unsprung resonance component that has been scalarized, calculates the unsprung mass damping damping force control amount, and outputs the calculated amount to the damping force control unit 35.
- the unsprung resonance component is extracted by causing the band pass filter to act on the wheel speed fluctuation output from the deviation calculation unit 321b in the traveling state estimation unit 32, but the wheel speed sensor detection value
- the unsprung resonance component is extracted by applying a band-pass filter to it, or the unsprung resonance component is extracted by calculating the unsprung speed together with the sprung speed in the traveling state estimation unit 32. Good.
- FIG. 17 is a control block diagram showing a control configuration of the damping force control unit of the first embodiment.
- the equivalent viscosity damping coefficient conversion unit 35a the driver input damping force control amount output from the driver input control unit 31, the S / A attitude control amount output from the skyhook control unit 33a, and the output from the frequency sensitive control unit 33b
- the calculated frequency sensitive damping force control amount, the unsprung mass damping force control amount output from the unsprung mass damping control unit 34, and the stroke speed calculated by the traveling state estimation unit 32 are input, and these values are equivalent Convert to viscous damping coefficient.
- damping coefficient arbitration unit 35b the damping coefficients converted by the equivalent viscosity damping coefficient conversion unit 35a (hereinafter, the respective damping coefficients are referred to as driver input damping coefficient k1, S / A attitude damping coefficient k2, frequency sensitive damping coefficient k3, unsprung Arbitrary damping coefficients (described as damping damping coefficient k4) are arbitrated based on which damping coefficient, and a final damping coefficient is output.
- the control signal conversion unit 35c converts the control signal (command current value) for the S / A 3 based on the attenuation coefficient and the stroke speed arbitrated by the attenuation coefficient arbitration unit 35b, and outputs the control signal to the S / A3.
- the control device for a vehicle has four control modes.
- the control that gives priority to the unsprung mass damping control by the unsprung mass damping control unit 34 is performed.
- the sport mode while giving priority to driver input control by the driver input control unit 31, skyhook control by the skyhook control unit 33a and unsprung mass damping control by the unsprung mass damping control unit 34 are performed.
- the comfort mode while performing frequency sensitive control by the frequency sensitive control unit 33 b, control is performed to give priority to unsprung damping control by the unsprung damping control unit 34.
- FIG. 18 is a flowchart showing damping coefficient arbitration processing in the standard mode of the first embodiment.
- step S1 it is determined whether the S / A posture damping coefficient k2 is larger than the unsprung mass damping damping coefficient k4. If so, the process proceeds to step S4 to set k2 as the damping coefficient.
- step S2 the scalar quantity ratio of the bull area is calculated based on the scalar quantity of the fluffy area, the chick area and the bull area described in the frequency sensitive control unit 33b.
- step S3 it is determined whether the ratio of the bull area is equal to or more than a predetermined value.
- step S4 If the ratio is equal to or more than the predetermined value, the process proceeds to step S4 because there is concern that the ride comfort may be deteriorated due to high frequency vibration.
- the ratio of the bull area is less than the predetermined value, there is little concern about the deterioration of the ride comfort due to the high frequency vibration even if the damping coefficient is set high.
- FIG. 19 is a flowchart illustrating damping coefficient arbitration processing in the sport mode according to the first embodiment.
- step S11 a four-wheel damping force distribution ratio is calculated based on the driver input attenuation coefficient k1 of four wheels set by driver input control.
- step S12 it is determined whether the damping force distribution ratio x is within a predetermined range (greater than ⁇ and less than ⁇ ). If within the predetermined range, it is determined that the distribution to each wheel is substantially equal, and the process proceeds to step S13. If any one is out of the predetermined range, the process proceeds to step S16. In step S13, it is determined whether the unsprung mass damping damping coefficient k4 is larger than the driver input damping coefficient k1. If it is determined that the unsprung mass damping damping coefficient k4 is larger, the process proceeds to step S15 and k4 is set as the first damping coefficient k.
- step S14 when it is determined that the unsprung mass damping attenuation coefficient k4 is equal to or less than the driver input attenuation coefficient k1, the process proceeds to step S14, and k1 is set as the first damping coefficient k.
- step S16 it is determined whether or not the unsprung mass damping damping coefficient k4 is the settable maximum value max of S / A3. If it is determined to be the maximum value max, the process proceeds to step S17. Otherwise, the process proceeds to step S18. move on.
- step S17 the maximum value of the driver input damping coefficient k1 of the four wheels is the unsprung mass damping damping coefficient k4, and the damping coefficient satisfying the damping force distribution rate is computed as the first damping coefficient k. In other words, a value at which the damping coefficient becomes the highest while satisfying the damping force distribution rate is calculated.
- a damping coefficient satisfying the damping force distribution ratio is calculated as the first damping coefficient k in a range where the driver input damping coefficients k1 of the four wheels are all k4 or more.
- a value is calculated that satisfies the damping force distribution ratio set by the driver input control and also satisfies the request on the unsprung damping control side.
- step S19 it is determined whether the first damping coefficient k set in each of the above steps is smaller than the S / A posture damping coefficient k2 set by the skyhook control, and if it is determined that it is smaller, the skyhook control Since the damping coefficient required on the side is larger, the process proceeds to step S20 and k2 is set. On the other hand, if it is determined that k is k2 or more, the process proceeds to step S21 and k is set.
- the damping force distribution ratio required from the driver input control side is closely related to the vehicle attitude, and in particular, it is closely related to the driver's line of sight change due to the roll mode. It is not the very thing, but securing the damping force distribution rate is the top priority. Further, a stable vehicle posture can be maintained by selecting the skyhook control with select high for a motion that brings about a posture change to the vehicle posture while the damping force distribution ratio is maintained.
- FIG. 20 is a flowchart showing damping coefficient arbitration processing in the comfort mode according to the first embodiment.
- step S30 it is determined whether the frequency sensitive damping coefficient k3 is larger than the unsprung mass damping damping coefficient k4. If it is determined that it is larger, the process proceeds to step S32 to set the frequency sensitive damping coefficient k3. On the other hand, when it is determined that the frequency sensitive damping coefficient k3 is equal to or less than the unsprung mass damping coefficient k4, the process proceeds to step S32, and the unsprung mass damping coefficient k4 is set.
- the unsprung resonance control that basically suppresses the unsprung resonance.
- frequency sensitive control was performed as anti-sprung mass damping control, and the optimum damping coefficient was set according to the road surface condition, so control that secures riding comfort can be achieved, and the feeling of ground contact due to flapping unsprung Can be avoided by the unsprung mass damping control.
- the attenuation coefficient may be switched according to the bull ratio of the frequency scalar quantity. As a result, the ride quality can be further secured in the super comfort mode.
- FIG. 21 is a flowchart showing damping coefficient arbitration processing in the highway mode of the first embodiment. Note that steps S11 to S18 are the same as the arbitration process in the sport mode, so the description will be omitted.
- step S40 the S / A posture attenuation coefficient k2 by the skyhook control is added to the first attenuation coefficient k arbitrated up to step S18 and output.
- FIG. 22 is a time chart showing a change in attenuation coefficient when traveling on an undulating road surface and an uneven road surface. For example, when trying to suppress the movement of the vehicle body to move swayingly under the influence of slight road surface undulations when traveling at high vehicle speeds, it is necessary to detect slight wheel speed fluctuation when trying to achieve only sky hook control. Therefore, it is necessary to set the skyhook control gain fairly high.
- the first damping coefficient k is always set as in the highway mode, a certain level of damping force is always secured, and the vehicle body moves swaying even if the damping coefficient by the skyhook control is small. Such movements can be suppressed. Further, since it is not necessary to increase the skyhook control gain, it is possible to appropriately cope with the road surface unevenness by the normal control gain. In addition, since the skyhook control is performed in a state where the first damping coefficient k is set, in the semi-active control region, unlike the damping coefficient limitation, the operation of the damping coefficient reduction step becomes possible, and at high speed traveling Stable vehicle attitude can be secured.
- FIG. 23 is a flowchart showing mode selection processing based on a traveling state in the damping coefficient mediation unit of the first embodiment.
- step S50 it is determined based on the value of the steering angle sensor 7 whether or not the vehicle is in the straight traveling state. If it is determined that the vehicle is traveling straight, the process proceeds to step S51. If it is determined that the vehicle is in the turning state, the process proceeds to step S54. move on.
- step S51 it is determined based on the value of the vehicle speed sensor 8 whether or not it is a predetermined vehicle speed VSP1 or more representing a high vehicle speed state.
- step S52 determines whether VSP1 or more. If it is determined that VSP1 or more, the process proceeds to step S52 to select a standard mode. On the other hand, if it is determined that the pressure is less than VSP1, the process proceeds to step S53 to select the comfort mode. In step S54, it is determined based on the value of the vehicle speed sensor 8 whether or not it is a predetermined vehicle speed VSP1 or more representing a high vehicle speed state. If it is determined that VSP1 or more, the process proceeds to step S55 to select a highway mode. On the other hand, if it is determined that the difference is less than VSP1, the process proceeds to step S56 to select the sport mode.
- the standard mode when traveling at a high vehicle speed in a straight running state, the standard mode is selected when traveling at a high vehicle speed, thereby stabilizing the vehicle posture by skyhook control and suppressing a high frequency vibration such as a yoko or a bull.
- a high frequency vibration such as a yoko or a bull.
- the comfort mode when traveling at a low vehicle speed, by selecting the comfort mode, it is possible to suppress the unsprung resonance while suppressing the input of the vibration such as a cub or a cub to the occupant as much as possible.
- Example 1 the control example which detects a driving
- An engine attitude control amount calculation unit 332 power source attitude control that calculates the engine attitude control amount of the engine 1 of the vehicle as the first attitude control device with the attitude of the vehicle body as the target attitude and outputs it to the engine 1 Means
- a second attitude control means for calculating a second attitude control amount of the second attitude control device with the attitude of the vehicle body as the target attitude, and outputting it to the second attitude control device
- a state quantity representing the body attitude When the absolute value of the amplitude of the detected state amount is less than the second predetermined value, the vehicle attitude is controlled by the engine attitude control amount calculation unit 332, When the absolute value of the amplitude is equal to or greater than a second predetermined value, a skyhook control unit 33a (posture control means) for controlling the vehicle body attitude by the second attitude control means instead of the engine attitude control amount calculation unit 332 is provided. . Therefore, when the amplitude is large, the vehicle body posture control by the driving force of the engine 1 is not performed
- the second attitude control device is the brake 20, and the second attitude control means calculates the brake attitude control amount of the brake 20 as the second attitude control amount, and outputs the brake attitude control amount to the brake 20.
- the calculation unit 334 (friction brake posture control means). Therefore, the attitude control can be performed by the engine 1 and the brake 20, which are actuators having nothing to do with the deterioration of the high frequency vibration characteristic, and the deterioration of the high frequency vibration characteristic can be avoided. That is, the attitude control can be performed by the engine 1 and the brake 20 which are actuators having nothing to do with the deterioration of the high frequency vibration characteristic, and the deterioration of the high frequency vibration characteristic can be avoided.
- posture control is performed only with the engine posture control amount of the engine 1 and the brake posture control amount of the brake 20 is made zero. It is possible to reduce the scene that generates deceleration during attitude control, and to improve the durability of the brake system.
- the engine attitude control amount computing unit 332 is replaced with the S / A attitude control amount computing unit
- the vehicle attitude is controlled by the brake attitude control amount computing unit 334 instead of the S / A attitude control amount computing unit 336.
- the shock absorber posture control amount of S / A3 is zero, so the S / A3 controllable region Can be narrowed, and vehicle attitude control can be achieved with an inexpensive configuration. Furthermore, since the range of the amplitude at which the pitch control is performed by S / A 3 is narrow, it is possible to avoid the deterioration of the high frequency vibration characteristics.
- the vehicle body posture control by the brake 20 is not performed, so it is possible to reduce the scene generating the deceleration, and the durability of the brake system Can be improved.
- the second attitude control device is S / A3, and the second attitude control means calculates the shock absorber attitude control amount of S / A3 as the second attitude control amount and outputs it to S / A3.
- S / A attitude control amount calculation unit 336 (damping force control means). Therefore, when the absolute value of the amplitude of the state quantity representing the vehicle body posture is less than the first predetermined value, the shock absorber posture control amount of S / A3 is zero, so the S / A3 controllable area is narrowed.
- the vehicle attitude control can be achieved by an inexpensive configuration.
- a brake attitude control amount calculation unit 334 (friction brake attitude control means) that calculates the brake attitude control amount of the brake 20 as the third attitude control device that sets the attitude of the vehicle body as the target attitude, and outputs it to the brake 20
- the skyhook control unit 33a (attitude control means) controls the vehicle attitude by means of the engine attitude control amount calculation unit 332 and
- the absolute value of the target value is equal to or greater than the first predetermined value and less than the second predetermined value larger than the first predetermined value
- the vehicle attitude is calculated by the S / A attitude control amount computing unit 336 instead of the engine attitude control amount computing unit 332.
- the vehicle attitude is controlled by the brake attitude control amount computing unit 334 instead of the S / A attitude control amount computing unit 336. Therefore, when the absolute value of the amplitude of the state quantity representing the vehicle body posture is less than the first predetermined value or greater than or equal to the second predetermined value, the shock absorber posture control amount of S / A3 is zero, so the S / A3 controllable region Can be narrowed, and vehicle attitude control can be achieved with an inexpensive configuration. Furthermore, since the range of the amplitude at which the pitch control is performed by S / A 3 is narrow, it is possible to avoid the deterioration of the high frequency vibration characteristics.
- the vehicle body posture control by the brake 20 is not performed, so it is possible to reduce the scene generating the deceleration, and the durability of the brake system Can be improved.
- the vehicle has a traveling state estimation unit 32 (traveling state detection means) that detects the pitch rate of the vehicle, and the brake posture control amount calculation unit 334 calculates the brake posture control amount based on the detected pitch rate.
- the brake posture control amount calculation unit 334 calculates the brake posture control amount based on the detected pitch rate.
- the braking force is applied when the pitch rate Vp is positive, that is, the front wheel side is sunk, the front wheel side is sunk further and the pitch movement is promoted, and in this case, the braking force is not applied.
- the pitch rate Vp is negative, that is, when the front wheel side is lifted, the braking pitch moment applies a braking force to suppress the floating of the front wheel side. This contributes to the improvement of the sense of security and the sense of flatness by securing the driver's visibility and making it easy to look ahead.
- the braking torque is generated only when the front side of the vehicle body floats up, the generated deceleration can be reduced compared to the case where the braking torque is generated for both the floating up and sinking.
- the actuator operation frequency can be halved, a low cost actuator can be employed.
- the traveling state estimation unit 32 (traveling state detection means) estimates the pitch rate of the vehicle based on the change in the wheel speed. As a result, it is not necessary to provide an expensive sensor such as a sprung vertical acceleration sensor or a stroke sensor, and the number of parts can be reduced by estimating the pitch rate from the wheel speed sensor 5 generally mounted on any vehicle. And, the cost can be reduced, and the vehicle mountability can be improved.
- the running state estimation unit 32 (running state detection means) includes a bounce term representing the vertical motion of the four wheels, a pitch term representing the vertical motion of the front and rear wheels, and a roll term representing the vertical motion of the left and right wheels.
- the pitch rate of the vehicle is estimated by developing the four-wheel model on the basis of the warp term representing the vertical movement of the diagonal wheels and. That is, when mode decomposition is performed from the sprung speed of four wheels to a roll term, a pitch term and a bounce term, one corresponding component is not sufficient, and the solution becomes indefinite. Therefore, each term can be estimated by introducing a warp term that represents the movement of the diagonal ring.
- the engine attitude control amount operation unit 332 power source attitude control unit
- the brake attitude control amount operation unit 334 gear brake attitude control unit
- the S / A attitude control amount operation unit 336 damping force control unit
- Each posture control amount is calculated based on the skyhook control law. That is, by applying a control amount based on the skyhook control to the engine 1, the brake 20, and the S / A 3, a stable sprung attitude can be obtained.
- the traveling state estimation unit 32 estimates the pitch rate of the vehicle. Therefore, when the pitch rate is large, the engine attitude control amount becomes zero, so that the fluctuation of the driving force can be suppressed, and the discomfort given to the driver can be reduced. In addition, since the pitch attitude control amount of S / A3 is zero when the pitch rate is small and large, the roll attitude control amount and the bounce attitude control amount can be increased by that amount, and the skyhook controllability is improved. it can.
- the driving state estimation unit 32 for detecting the state quantity representing the vehicle body attitude, and the vehicle body attitude by the driving force of the engine 1 when the absolute value of the amplitude of the detected state quantity is less than the second predetermined value.
- the skyhook control unit 33a controls the vehicle body attitude by the generated force of the second attitude control device instead of the driving force of the engine 1 when the absolute value of the amplitude is the second predetermined value or more; Equipped with Therefore, when the amplitude is large, the vehicle body posture control by the driving force of the engine 1 is not performed, so that the driving force fluctuation can be suppressed, and the discomfort given to the driver can be reduced.
- the skyhook control unit 33a controls the vehicle body attitude by the driving force of the engine 1 when the absolute value of the amplitude of the state quantity representing the vehicle body attitude is less than the second predetermined value, and the absolute value of the amplitude is the second When it is equal to or more than a predetermined value, the vehicle body attitude is controlled by the generated force of the second attitude control device instead of the engine 1. Therefore, when the amplitude is large, the vehicle body posture control by the driving force of the engine 1 is not performed, so that the driving force fluctuation can be suppressed, and the discomfort given to the driver can be reduced.
- FIG. 24 is a control block diagram showing each actuator control amount calculation process when performing pitch control according to the second embodiment.
- the second embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that the operation switching unit 337 switches the operation / non-operation of each actuator based on the roll rate instead of the pitch rate.
- pitch control when the absolute value of the roll rate amplitude is less than the first predetermined value by the action switching unit 337, pitch control is performed only with the engine torque control amount, and the absolute value of the roll rate amplitude is When one or more predetermined values and less than the second predetermined value, pitch control is performed using the damping force control amount instead of the engine torque control amount, and when the absolute value of the roll rate amplitude is the second predetermined value or more, the damping force control The pitch control is performed by the braking torque control amount instead of the amount.
- the traveling state estimation unit 32 (state amount detection means) is a means for detecting the roll rate of the vehicle. Therefore, when the roll rate is large, the engine attitude control amount becomes zero, so that the fluctuation of the driving force can be suppressed, and the discomfort given to the driver can be reduced. In addition, when the roll rate is small and large, the amount of brake attitude control is suppressed, and the amount of roll attitude control in S / A 3 can be increased by that amount, so that roll motion can be suppressed early.
- the Example of this invention was described based on drawing, the specific structure of this invention is not limited to an Example.
- the power source attitude control means, the damping force control means, and the friction brake attitude control means individually control the control amounts for setting the attitude of the vehicle body to the target attitude and control the engine, the brake and the variable damping force shock absorber.
- the operation / non-operation of each actuator may be switched according to the absolute value of the amplitude of the detected state quantity.
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Abstract
Description
本発明の目的は、運転者に与える違和感を軽減できる車両の制御装置及び車両の制御方法を提供することを目的とする。
1a エンジンコントローラ
2 ブレーキコントロールユニット
2a ブレーキコントローラ
3 S/A(減衰力可変ショックアブソーバ)
3a S/Aコントローラ
5 車輪速センサ
6 一体型センサ
7 舵角センサ
8 車速センサ
20 ブレーキ
31 ドライバ入力制御部
32 走行状態推定部(状態量検出手段)
33 ばね上制振制御部
33a スカイフック制御部(姿勢制御手段)
33b 周波数感応制御部
34 ばね下制振制御部
35 減衰力制御部
331 第1目標姿勢制御量演算部
332 エンジン姿勢制御量演算部(動力源姿勢制御手段)
333 第2目標姿勢制御量演算部
334 ブレーキ姿勢制御量演算部(摩擦ブレーキ姿勢制御手段)
335 第3目標姿勢制御量演算部
336 ショックアブソーバ姿勢制御量演算部(減衰力制御手段)
図1は実施例1の車両の制御装置を表すシステム概略図である。車両には、動力源であるエンジン1と、各輪に摩擦力による制動トルクを発生させるブレーキ20(以下、個別の輪に対応するブレーキを表示するときには右前輪ブレーキ:20FR、左前輪ブレーキ:20FL、右後輪ブレーキ:20RR、左後輪ブレーキ:20RLと記載する。)と、各輪と車体との間に設けられ減衰力を可変に制御可能なショックアブソーバ3(以下、S/Aと記載する。個別の輪に対応するS/Aを表示するときには右前輪S/A:3FR、左前輪S/A:3FL、右後輪S/A:3RR、左後輪S/A:3RLと記載する。)と、を有する。
実施例1の車両の制御装置にあっては、ばね上に生じる振動状態を制御するために、3つのアクチュエータを使用する。このとき、それぞれの制御がばね上状態を制御するため、相互干渉が問題となる。また、エンジン1によって制御可能な要素と、ブレーキ20によって制御可能な要素と、S/A3によって制御可能な要素はそれぞれ異なり、これらをどのように組み合わせて制御するべきかが問題となる。
例えば、ブレーキ20はバウンス運動とピッチ運動の制御が可能であるが、両方を行なうと減速感が強く運転者に違和感を与えやすい。また、S/A3はロール運動とバウンス運動とピッチ運動の全てを制御可能であるが、S/A3によって全ての制御を行う場合、S/A3の製造コストの上昇を招き、また、減衰力が高くなる傾向があることから路面側からの高周波振動が入力されやすく、やはり運転者に違和感を与えやすい。言い換えると、ブレーキ20による制御は高周波振動の悪化を招くことは無いが減速感の増大を招き、S/A3による制御は減速感を招くことは無いが高周波振動の入力を招くというトレードオフが存在する。
(1)車体姿勢を表す状態量(実施例1ではピッチレイト)の振幅の大きさに応じて各アクチュエータのピッチ制御に対する作動、非作動を選択的に切り替えることで、上記トレードオフの関係を改善する。
(2)ブレーキ20の制御対象運動をピッチ運動に限定することで、ブレーキ20による制御での減速感を解消する。
(3)エンジン1及びブレーキ20による制御量を実際に出力可能な制御量よりも制限して出力することで、S/A3での負担を低減しつつ、エンジン1やブレーキ20の制御に伴って生じる違和感を抑制する。
(4)全てのアクチュエータによりスカイフック制御を行う。このとき、一般にスカイフック制御に必要とされるストロークセンサやばね上上下加速度センサ等を使用することなく、全ての車両に搭載されている車輪速センサを利用して安価な構成でスカイフック制御を実現する。
(5)S/A3によるばね上制御を行なう際、スカイフック制御のようなベクトル制御では対応が困難な高周波振動の入力に対し、新たにスカラー制御(周波数感応制御)を導入する。
(6)走行状態に応じて、S/A3が実現する制御状態を適宜選択することで、走行状況に応じた適切な制御状態を提供する。
以上が、実施例において構成した全体の制御システムの概要である。以下、これらを実現する個別の内容について、順次説明する。
まず、ドライバ入力制御部について説明する。ドライバ入力制御部31は、エンジン1のトルク制御によって運転者の要求する車両姿勢を達成するエンジン側ドライバ入力制御部31aと、S/A3の減衰力制御によって運転者の要求する車両姿勢を達成するS/A側ドライバ入力制御部31bと、を有する。エンジン側ドライバ入力制御部31a内では、前輪と後輪の接地荷重変動を抑制する接地荷重変動抑制制御量、舵角センサ7や車速センサ8からの信号に基づいて運転者の達成したい車両挙動に対応するヨー応答制御量を演算し、エンジン制御部1aに対して出力する。
S/A側ドライバ入力制御部31bでは、舵角センサ7や車速センサ8からの信号に基づいて運転者の達成したい車両挙動に対応するドライバ入力減衰力制御量を演算し、減衰力制御部35に対して出力する。例えば、運転者が旋回中において、車両のノーズ側が浮き上がると、運転者の視界が路面から外れやすくなることから、この場合にはノーズ浮き上がりを防止するように4輪の減衰力をドライバ入力減衰力制御量として出力する。また、旋回時に発生するロールを抑制するドライバ入力減衰力制御量を出力する。
ここで、S/A側ドライバ入力制御によって行われるロール抑制制御について説明する。図3は実施例1のロールレイト抑制制御の構成を表す制御ブロック図である。横加速度推定部31b1では、舵角センサ7により検出された前輪舵角δfと、後輪舵角δr(後輪操舵装置を備えた場合は実後輪舵角を、それ以外の場合は適宜0でよい。)と、車速センサ8により検出された車速VSPに基づいて横加速度Ygを推定する。この横加速度Ygは、ヨーレイト推定値γを用いて以下の式により算出される。
Yg=VSP・γ
なおヨーレイト推定値γは以下の式により算出される。
ゲイン乗算部31b5では、横加速度Yg、横加速度微分値dYg、横加速度DCカット成分F(dYg)、90°位相遅れ成分F(Yg)にそれぞれゲインを乗算する。各ゲインは、操舵角に対するロールレイト伝達関数に基づいて設定する。また各ゲインは、後述する4つの制御モードに応じて調整しても良い。二乗演算部31b6では、ゲインを乗算した各成分の二乗して出力する。合成部31b7では、二乗演算部31b6が出力した値を足し合わせる。ゲイン乗算部31b8では、足し合わせた各成分の二乗の値にゲインを乗算して出力する。平方根演算部31b9は、ゲイン乗算部31b7が出力した値の平方根を演算することで、ロールレイト抑制制御用のドライバ入力姿勢制御量を演算し、減衰力制御部35に対して出力する。
90°位相進み成分作成部31b2、90°位相遅れ成分作成部31b3、90°位相遅れ成分作成部31b4、ゲイン乗算部31b5、二乗演算部31b6、合成部31b7、ゲイン乗算部31b8、平方根演算部31b9は、ヒルベルト変換を利用した包絡波形を生成するヒルベルト変換部31b10に相当する。
時刻t1において、運転者が操舵を開始すると、ロールレイトが徐々に発生し始める。このとき、90°位相進み成分dYgを加算して包絡波形を形成し、包絡波形に基づくスカラー量に基づいてドライバ入力姿勢制御量を演算することで、操舵初期におけるロールレイトの発生を抑制することができる。さらに、横加速度DCカット成分F(dYg)を加算して包絡波形を形成することで、運転者が操舵を開始もしくは終了する際の過渡的な状態において発生するロールレイトを効率的に抑制することができる。言い換えると、ロールの発生が安定している定常旋回状態では、過度に減衰力を高めることがなく、乗り心地の悪化を回避できる。
次に、時刻t2において、運転者が保舵状態となると、90°位相進み成分dYgおよび横加速度DCカット成分F(dYg)は無くなり、今度は90°位相遅れ成分F(Yg)が加算される。このとき、定常旋回状態でロールレイト自体の変化はさほどない場合であっても、一旦ロールした後に、ロールの揺り返しに相当するロールレイト共振成分が発生する。仮に、位相遅れ成分F(Yg)が加算されていないと、時刻t2から時刻t3における減衰力は小さな値に設定されてしまい、ロールレイト共振成分による車両挙動の不安定化を招くおそれがある。このロールレイト共振成分を抑制するために90°位相遅れ成分F(Yg)を付与するものである。
次に、走行状態推定部について説明する。図5は実施例1の走行状態推定部の構成を表す制御ブロック図である。実施例1の走行状態推定部32では、基本的に車輪速センサ5により検出された車輪速に基づいて、後述するばね上制振制御部33のスカイフック制御に使用する各輪のストローク速度、バウンスレイト、ロールレイト及びピッチレイトを算出する。まず、各輪の車輪速センサ5の値がストローク速度演算部321に入力され、ストローク速度演算部321において演算された各輪のストローク速度からばね上速度を演算する。
ここで、基準車輪速演算部300について説明する。図7は実施例1の基準車輪速演算部の構成を表すブロック図である。基準車輪速とは、各車輪速のうち、種々の外乱が除去された値を指すものである。言い換えると、車輪速センサ値と基準車輪速との差分は、車体のバウンス挙動、ロール挙動、ピッチ挙動又はばね下上下振動によって発生したストロークに応じて変動した成分と関連がある値であり、実施例では、この差分に基づいてストローク速度を推定する。
VFL=(V-Tf/2・γ)cosδf+(Vx+Lf・γ)sinδf
VFR=(V+Tf/2・γ)cosδf+(Vx+Lf・γ)sinδf
VRL=(V-Tr/2・γ)cosδr+(Vx-Lr・γ)sinδr
VRR=(V+Tr/2・γ)cosδr+(Vx-Lr・γ)sinδr
尚、車両に横滑りが発生してない通常走行時を仮定すると、車体横速度Vxは0を入力すればよい。これをそれぞれの式においてVを基準とする値に書き換えると以下のように表される。この書き換えにあたり、Vをそれぞれの車輪に対応する値としてV0FL、V0FR、V0RL、V0RR(第1車輪速に相当)と記載する。
(式2)
V0FL={VFL-Lf・γsinδf}/cosδf+Tf/2・γ
V0FR={VFR-Lf・γsinδf}/cosδf-Tf/2・γ
V0RL={VRL+Lr・γsinδr}/cosδr+Tr/2・γ
V0RR={VRR+Lf・γsinδf}/cosδr-Tr/2・γ
V0F=(V0FL+V0FR)/2
V0R=(V0RL+V0RR)/2
これにより、ロールに基づく外乱を除去した第2車輪速V0F、V0Rが得られる。
(式3)
VbFL=VbFR=VbRL=VbRR={Lr/(Lf+Lr)}V0F+{Lf/(Lf+Lr)}V0R
基準車輪速再配分部304では、(式1)に示す車体プランビューモデルのVにVbFL(=VbFR=VbRL=VbRR)をそれぞれ代入し、最終的な各輪の基準車輪速VFL、VFR、VRL、VRRを算出し、それぞれタイヤ半径r0で除算して基準車輪速ω0を算出する。
スカイフック制御とは、S/A3のストローク速度とばね上速度の関係に基づいて減衰力を設定し、ばね上を姿勢制御することでフラットな走行状態を達成するものである。ここで、スカイフック制御によってばね上の姿勢制御を達成するには、ばね上速度をフィードバックする必要がある。今、車輪速センサ5から検出可能な値はストローク速度であり、ばね上に上下加速度センサ等を備えていないことから、ばね上速度は推定モデルを用いて推定する必要がある。以下、推定モデルの課題及び採用すべきモデル構成について説明する。
(推定式1)
Ms・ddz2=-Ks(z2-z1)-Cs(dz2-dz1)
この関係式をラプラス変換して整理すると下記のように表される。
(推定式2)
dz2=-(1/Ms)・(1/s2)・(Cs・s+Ks)(dz2-dz1)
ここで、dz2-dz1はストローク速度(Vz_sFL、Vz_sFR、Vz_sRL、Vz_sRR)であることから、ばね上速度はストローク速度から算出できる。しかし、スカイフック制御によって減衰力が変更されると、推定精度が著しく低下するため、コンベ車両モデルでは大きな姿勢制御力(減衰力変更)を与えられないという問題が生じる。
(推定式3)
dz2=-(1/Ms)・(1/s2)・{(Cs+Cv)・s+Ks}(dz2-dz1)
ただし、
dz2・(dz2-dz1)≧0のとき Cv=Csky・{dz2/(dz2-dz1)}
dz2・(dz2-dz1)<0のとき Cv=0
すなわち、Cvは不連続な値となる。
dz2=-(1/s)・{1/(s+Csky/Ms)}・{(Cs/Ms)s+(Ks/Ms)}(dz2-dz1)
この場合、擬似微分項{(Cs/Ms)s+(Ks/Ms)}には不連続性が生じず、{1/(s+Csky/Ms)}の項はローパスフィルタで構成できる。よって、フィルタ応答が安定し、適切な推定精度を得ることができる。尚、ここで、アクティブスカイフックモデルを採用しても、実際にはセミアクティブ制御しかできないことから、制御可能領域が半分となる。よって、推定されるばね上速度の大きさはばね上共振以下の周波数帯で実際よりも小さくなるが、スカイフック制御において最も重要なのは位相であり、位相と符号との対応関係が維持できればスカイフック制御は達成され、ばね上速度の大きさは他の係数等によって調整可能であることから問題はない。
以上の関係式から、xsB、xsR、xsP、xsWの微分dxsB等は以下の式で表される。
dxsB=1/4(Vz_sFL+Vz_sFR+Vz_sRL+Vz_sRR)
dxsR=1/4(Vz_sFL-Vz_sFR+Vz_sRL-Vz_sRR)
dxsP=1/4(-Vz_sFL-Vz_sFR+Vz_sRL+Vz_sRR)
dxsW=1/4(-Vz_sFL+Vz_sFR+Vz_sRL-Vz_sRR)
dB=GB・dxsB
dR=GR・dxsR
dP=GP・dxsP
以上から、各輪のストローク速度に基づいて、実際の車両におけるばね上の状態推定が達成できる。
次に、ばね上制振制御部33の構成について説明する。図2に示すように、ばね上制振制御部33は、上述のばね上速度推定値に基づいて姿勢制御を行うスカイフック制御部33aと、路面入力周波数に基づきばね上振動を抑制する周波数感応制御部33bとを有する。
実施例1の車両の制御装置にあっては、ばね上姿勢制御を達成するアクチュエータとして、エンジン1と、ブレーキ20と、S/A3の三つを備えている。このうち、スカイフック制御部33aでは、S/A3についてはバウンスレイト、ロールレイト、ピッチレイトの3つを制御対象とし、エンジン1についてはバウンスレイト及びピッチレイトを制御対象とし、ブレーキ20についてはピッチレイトを制御対象とする。ここで、作用の異なる複数のアクチュエータに対して制御量を割り付けてばね上状態を制御するには、それぞれに共通の制御量を用いる必要がある。実施例1では、上述の走行状態推定部32により推定されたばね上速度を用いることで、各アクチュエータに対する制御量を決定することができる。
FB=CskyB・dB
ロール方向のスカイフック制御量は、
FR=CskyR・dR
ピッチ方向のスカイフック制御量は、
FP=CskyP・dP
となる。FBはエンジン1及びS/A3にバウンス姿勢制御量として送信され、FRはS/A3においてのみ実施される制御であることから、ロール姿勢制御量として減衰力制御部35に送信される。
図9は実施例1のピッチ制御を行う際の各アクチュエータ制御量算出処理を表す制御ブロック図である。スカイフック制御部33aは、全てのアクチュエータに共通して使用可能な制御量である第1目標姿勢制御量である目標ピッチレイトを演算する第1目標姿勢制御量演算部331と、エンジン1によって達成するエンジン姿勢制御量を演算するエンジン姿勢制御量演算部332と、ブレーキ20によって達成するブレーキ姿勢制御量を演算するブレーキ姿勢制御量演算部334と、S/A3によって達成するS/A姿勢制御量を演算するS/A姿勢制御量演算部336と、各アクチュエータのピッチ制御に対する作動/非作動を選択的に切り替える作動切り替え部337と、を有する。
ここで、ブレーキピッチ制御について説明する。一般に、ブレーキ20については、バウンスとピッチの両方を制御可能であることから、両方を行うことが好ましいとも言える。しかし、ブレーキ20によるバウンス制御は4輪同時に制動力を発生させるため、制御優先度が低い方向にもかかわらず、制御効果が得にくい割には減速感が強く、運転者にとって違和感となる傾向があった。そこで、ブレーキ20についてはピッチ制御に特化した構成とした。図10は実施例1のブレーキピッチ制御を表す制御ブロック図である。車体の質量をm、前輪の制動力をBFf、後輪の制動力をBFr、車両重心点と路面との間の高さをHcg、車両の加速度をa、ピッチモーメントをMp、ピッチレイトをVpとすると、以下の関係式が成立する。
m・a・Hcg=Mp
Mp=(BFf+BFr)・Hcg
ここで、ピッチレイトVpが正、つまり前輪側が沈み込んでいるときには制動力を与えてしまうと、より前輪側が沈み込み、ピッチ運動を助長してしまうため、この場合は制動力を付与しない。一方、ピッチレイトVpが負、つまり前輪側が浮き上がっているときには制動ピッチモーメントが制動力を与えて前輪側の浮き上がりを抑制する。これにより、運転者の視界を確保し、前方を見やすくすることで、安心感、フラット感の向上に寄与する。以上から、
Vp>0(前輪沈み込み)のとき Mp=0
Vp≦0(前輪浮き上がり)のとき Mp=CskyP・Vp
の制御量を与えるものである。これにより、車体のフロント側の浮き上がり時のみ制動トルクを発生させるため、浮き上がりと沈み込み両方に制動トルクを発生する場合に比べて、発生する減速度を小さくすることができる。また、アクチュエータ作動頻度も半分で済むため、低コストなアクチュエータを採用できる。
次に、減速感低減処理について説明する。この処理は、ブレーキ姿勢制御量演算部334内で行なわれる上記制限値による制限に対応する処理である。2乗処理部3342aでは、ピッチレイト信号を2乗処理する。これにより符号を反転させると共に、制御力の立ち上がりを滑らかにする。ピッチレイト2乗減衰モーメント演算部3342bでは、2乗処理されたピッチレイトに2乗処理を考慮したピッチ項のスカイフックゲインCskyPを乗算してピッチモーメントMpを演算する。目標減速度算出部3342cでは、ピッチモーメントMpを質量m及び車両重心点と路面との間の高さHcgにより除算して目標減速度を演算する。
次に、ばね上制振制御部内における周波数感応制御処理について説明する。実施例1では、基本的に車輪速センサ5の検出値に基づいてばね上速度を推定し、それに基づくスカイフック制御を行うことでばね上制振制御を達成する。しかしながら、車輪速センサ5では十分に推定精度が担保出来ないと考えられる場合や、走行状況や運転者の意図によっては積極的に快適な走行状態(車体フラット感よりも柔らかな乗り心地)を担保したい場合もある。このような場合には、スカイフック制御のようにストローク速度とばね上速度の符号の関係(位相等)が重要となるベクトル制御では僅かな位相ずれによって適正な制御が困難となる場合があることから、振動特性のスカラー量に応じたばね上制振制御である周波数感応制御を導入することとした。
車両振動系重み設定部353では、フワ領域、ヒョコ領域及びブル領域の各周波数帯の振動が実際に車両に伝播される重みを設定する。人間感覚重み設定部354では、フワ領域、ヒョコ領域及びブル領域の各周波数帯の振動が乗員に伝播される重みを設定する。
スカラー量演算部356では、ヒルベルト変換処理部352により算出された各周波数帯のスカラー量に重み決定手段355において算出された重みを乗算し、最終的なスカラー量を出力する。ここまでの処理は、各輪の車輪速センサ値に対して行なわれる。
これに対し、周波数感応制御のようにベクトルではなくスカラー量に基づいて制御する場合、図15に示すような路面にあってはフワ領域の比率が小さいことから低い減衰力が設定されることになる。これにより、ブル領域の振動の振幅が大きい場合であっても十分に振動伝達特性が減少するため、高周波振動の悪化を回避することができるものである。以上から、例え高価なセンサ等を備えてスカイフック制御を行ったとしても位相推定精度が悪化することで制御が困難な領域では、スカラー量に基づく周波数感応制御によって高周波振動を抑制できるものである。
次に、ばね下制振制御部の構成について説明する。図8(a)のコンベ車両において説明したように、タイヤも弾性係数と減衰係数を有することから共振周波数帯が存在する。ただし、タイヤの質量はばね上の質量に比べて小さく、弾性係数も高いため、ばね上共振よりも高周波数側に存在する。このばね下共振成分により、ばね下においてタイヤがバタバタ動いてしまい、接地性が悪化するおそれがある。また、ばね下でのバタつきは乗員に不快感を与えるおそれもある。そこで、ばね下共振によるバタつきを抑制するために、ばね下共振成分に応じた減衰力を設定するものである。
次に、減衰力制御部35の構成について説明する。図17は実施例1の減衰力制御部の制御構成を表す制御ブロック図である。等価粘性減衰係数変換部35aでは、ドライバ入力制御部31から出力されたドライバ入力減衰力制御量と、スカイフック制御部33aから出力されたS/A姿勢制御量と、周波数感応制御部33bから出力された周波数感応減衰力制御量と、ばね下制振制御部34から出力されたばね下制振減衰力制御量と、走行状態推定部32により演算されたストローク速度が入力され、これらの値を等価粘性減衰係数に変換する。
次に、減衰係数調停部35bの調停内容について説明する。実施例1の車両の制御装置にあっては、4つの制御モードを有する。第1に一般的な市街地などを走行しつつ適度な旋回状態が得られる状態を想定したスタンダードモード、第2にワインディングロードなどを積極的に走行しつつ安定した旋回状態が得られる状態を想定したスポーツモード、第3に低車速発進時など、乗り心地を優先して走行する状態を想定したコンフォートモード、第4に直線状態の多い高速道路等を高車速で走行する状態を想定したハイウェイモードである。
スポーツモードでは、ドライバ入力制御部31によるドライバ入力制御を優先しつつ、スカイフック制御部33aによるスカイフック制御とばね下制振制御部34によるばね下制振制御とを実施する。
コンフォートモードでは、周波数感応制御部33bによる周波数感応制御を行いつつ、ばね下制振制御部34によるばね下制振制御を優先する制御を実施する。
ハイウェイモードでは、ドライバ入力制御部31によるドライバ入力制御を優先しつつ、スカイフック制御部33aによるスカイフック制御にばね下制振制御部34によるばね下制振制御の制御量を加算する制御を実施する。
以下、これら各モードにおける減衰係数の調停について説明する。
図18は実施例1のスタンダードモードにおける減衰係数調停処理を表すフローチャートである。
ステップS1では、S/A姿勢減衰係数k2がばね下制振減衰係数k4より大きいか否かを判断し、大きいときはステップS4に進んで減衰係数としてk2を設定する。
ステップS2では、周波数感応制御部33bにおいて説明したフワ領域、ヒョコ領域及びブル領域のスカラー量に基づいて、ブル領域のスカラー量比率を演算する。
ステップS3では、ブル領域の比率が所定値以上か否かを判断し、所定値以上の場合は高周波振動による乗り心地悪化が懸念されることからステップS4に進み、減衰係数として低い値であるk2を設定する。一方、ブル領域の比率が上記所定値未満の場合は減衰係数を高く設定しても高周波振動による乗り心地悪化の心配が少ないことからステップS5に進んでk4を設定する。
図19は実施例1のスポーツモードにおける減衰係数調停処理を表すフローチャートである。
ステップS11では、ドライバ入力制御により設定された4輪のドライバ入力減衰係数k1に基づいて4輪減衰力配分率を演算する。右前輪のドライバ入力減衰係数をk1fr、左前輪のドライバ入力減衰係数をk1fl、右後輪のドライバ入力減衰係数をk1rr、左後輪のドライバ入力減衰係数をk1rl、各輪の減衰力配分率をxfr、xfl、xrr、xrlとすると、
xfr=k1fr/(k1fr+k1fl+k1rr+k1rl)
xfl=k1fl/(k1fr+k1fl+k1rr+k1rl)
xrr=k1rr/(k1fr+k1fl+k1rr+k1rl)
xrl=k1rl/(k1fr+k1fl+k1rr+k1rl)
により算出される。
ステップS13では、ばね下制振減衰係数k4がドライバ入力減衰係数k1より大きいか否かを判断し、大きいと判断した場合はステップS15に進み、第1減衰係数kとしてk4を設定する。一方、ばね下制振減衰係数k4がドライバ入力減衰係数k1以下であると判断した場合はステップS14に進み、第1減衰係数kとしてk1を設定する。
ステップS17では、4輪のドライバ入力減衰係数k1の最大値がばね下制振減衰係数k4となり、かつ、減衰力配分率を満たす減衰係数を第1減衰係数kとして演算する。言い換えると、減衰力配分率を満たしつつ減衰係数が最も高くなる値を演算する。
ステップS18では、4輪のドライバ入力減衰係数k1がいずれもk4以上となる範囲で減衰力配分率を満たす減衰係数を第1減衰係数kとして演算する。言い換えると、ドライバ入力制御によって設定される減衰力配分率を満たし、かつ、ばね下制振制御側の要求をも満たす値を演算する。
図20は実施例1のコンフォートモードにおける減衰係数調停処理を表すフローチャートである。
ステップS30では、周波数感応減衰係数k3がばね下制振減衰係数k4より大きいか否かを判断し、大きいと判断した場合はステップS32に進んで周波数感応減衰係数k3を設定する。一方、周波数感応減衰係数k3がばね下制振減衰係数k4以下であると判断した場合はステップS32に進んでばね下制振減衰係数k4を設定する。
図21は実施例1のハイウェイモードにおける減衰係数調停処理を表すフローチャートである。尚、ステップS11からS18までは、スポーツモードにおける調停処理と同じであるため、説明を省略する。
ステップS40では、ステップS18までで調停された第1減衰係数kにスカイフック制御によるS/A姿勢減衰係数k2を加算して出力する。
次に、上記各走行モードを選択するモード選択処理について説明する。図23は実施例1の減衰係数調停部において走行状態に基づくモード選択処理を表すフローチャートである。
ステップS50では、舵角センサ7の値に基づいて直進走行状態か否かを判断し、直進走行状態と判断された場合にはステップS51に進み、旋回状態と判断された場合にはステップS54に進む。
ステップS51では、車速センサ8の値に基づいて高車速状態を表す所定車速VSP1以上か否かを判断し、VSP1以上と判断された場合にはステップS52に進んでスタンダードモードを選択する。一方、VSP1未満と判断された場合にはステップS53に進んでコンフォートモードを選択する。
ステップS54では、車速センサ8の値に基づいて高車速状態を表す所定車速VSP1以上か否かを判断し、VSP1以上と判断された場合にはステップS55に進んでハイウェイモードを選択する。一方、VSP1未満と判断された場合にはステップS56に進んでスポーツモードを選択する。
(1)車体の姿勢を目標姿勢とする第1姿勢制御装置としての車両のエンジン1のエンジン姿勢制御量を演算し、エンジン1に対して出力するエンジン姿勢制御量演算部332(動力源姿勢制御手段)と、車体の姿勢を目標姿勢とする第2姿勢制御装置の第2姿勢制御量を演算し、第2姿勢制御装置に対して出力する第2姿勢制御手段と、車体姿勢を表す状態量を検出する走行状態推定部32(状態量検出手段)と、検出された状態量の振幅の絶対値が第二所定値未満のときは、エンジン姿勢制御量演算部332により車体姿勢を制御し、振幅の絶対値が第二所定値以上のときは、エンジン姿勢制御量演算部332に代えて第2姿勢制御手段により車体姿勢を制御するスカイフック制御部33a(姿勢制御手段)と、を備えた。
よって、振幅が大きい場合にはエンジン1の駆動力による車体姿勢制御を行わないため、駆動力変動を抑制でき、運転者に与える違和感を軽減できる。
よって、高周波振動特性の悪化と何ら関係の無いアクチュエータであるエンジン1及びブレーキ20によって姿勢制御をすることができ、高周波振動特性の悪化を回避できる。すなわち、高周波振動特性の悪化と何ら関係の無いアクチュエータであるエンジン1及びブレーキ20によって姿勢制御をすることができ、高周波振動特性の悪化を回避できる。また、車体姿勢を表す状態量の振幅の絶対値が第二所定値未満のときはエンジン1のエンジン姿勢制御量のみで姿勢制御を行い、ブレーキ20のブレーキ姿勢制御量をゼロとするため、車体姿勢制御中に減速度を発生させるシーンを減らすことができ、ブレーキシステムの耐久性を向上できる。
よって、車体姿勢を表す状態量の振幅の絶対値が第一所定値未満または第二所定値以上のときはS/A3のショックアブソーバ姿勢制御量がゼロであるため、S/A3の制御可能領域を狭くすることができ、安価な構成により車体姿勢制御を達成できる。更に、S/A3によりピッチ制御を行う振幅の領域が狭いため、高周波振動特性の悪化を回避できる。また、車体姿勢を表す状態量の振幅の絶対値が第二所定値未満のときはブレーキ20による車体姿勢制御を行わないため、減速度を発生させるシーンを減らすことができ、ブレーキシステムの耐久性を向上できる。
よって、車体姿勢を表す状態量の振幅の絶対値が第一所定値未満のときはS/A3のショックアブソーバ姿勢制御量がゼロであるため、S/A3の制御可能領域を狭くすることができ、安価な構成により車体姿勢制御を達成できる。
よって、車体姿勢を表す状態量の振幅の絶対値が第一所定値未満または第二所定値以上のときはS/A3のショックアブソーバ姿勢制御量がゼロであるため、S/A3の制御可能領域を狭くすることができ、安価な構成により車体姿勢制御を達成できる。更に、S/A3によりピッチ制御を行う振幅の領域が狭いため、高周波振動特性の悪化を回避できる。また、車体姿勢を表す状態量の振幅の絶対値が第二所定値未満のときはブレーキ20による車体姿勢制御を行わないため、減速度を発生させるシーンを減らすことができ、ブレーキシステムの耐久性を向上できる。
一般に、ブレーキ20については、バウンスとピッチの両方を制御可能であることから、両方を行うことが好ましいとも言える。しかし、ブレーキ20によるバウンス制御は4輪同時に制動力を発生させるため、制御優先度が低い方向にも関わらず、制御効果が得にくい割には減速感が強く、運転者にとって違和感となる傾向があった。そこで、ブレーキ20についてはピッチ制御に特化した構成とした。
ここで、ピッチレイトVpが正、つまり前輪側が沈み込んでいるときには制動力を与えてしまうと、より前輪側が沈み込み、ピッチ運動を助長してしまうため、この場合は制動力を付与しない。一方、ピッチレイトVpが負、つまり前輪側が浮き上がっているときには制動ピッチモーメントが制動力を与えて前輪側の浮き上がりを抑制する。これにより、運転者の視界を確保し、前方を見やすくすることで、安心感、フラット感の向上に寄与する。また、車体のフロント側の浮き上がり時のみ制動トルクを発生させるため、浮き上がりと沈み込み両方に制動トルクを発生する場合に比べて、発生する減速度を小さくすることができる。また、アクチュエータ作動頻度も半分で済むため、低コストなアクチュエータを採用できる。
これにより、ばね上上下加速度センサや、ストロークセンサといった高価なセンサを備える必要がなく、一般的にどの車両にも搭載されている車輪速センサ5からピッチレイトを推定することで、部品点数の削減及びコストの削減を図ることができ、車両搭載性を向上できる。
すなわち、4輪のばね上速度からロール項、ピッチ項及びバウンス項にモード分解する際、対応する成分が一つ足りず、解が不定となる。そこで、対角輪の動きを表すワープ項を導入することで、上記各項を推定することができる。
すなわち、エンジン1、ブレーキ20及びS/A3に対してスカイフック制御に基づく制御量を付与することで、安定したばね上姿勢を得ることができる。
よって、ピッチレイトが大きいときにはエンジン姿勢制御量がゼロとなるため、駆動力変動を抑制でき、運転者に与える違和感を軽減できる。また、ピッチレイトが小さいときと大きいときにはS/A3のピッチ姿勢制御量がゼロとなるため、その分だけロール姿勢制御量及びバウンス姿勢制御量を大きくすることができ、スカイフックの制御性を向上できる。
よって、振幅が大きい場合にはエンジン1の駆動力による車体姿勢制御を行わないため、駆動力変動を抑制でき、運転者に与える違和感を軽減できる。
よって、振幅が大きい場合にはエンジン1の駆動力による車体姿勢制御を行わないため、駆動力変動を抑制でき、運転者に与える違和感を軽減できる。
図24は、実施例2のピッチ制御を行う際の各アクチュエータ制御量算出処理を表す制御ブロック図である。実施例2では、作動切り替え部337において、ピッチレイトに代えてロールレイトに基づいて各アクチュエータの作動/非作動を切り替える点で実施例1と相違する。
(13)走行状態推定部32(状態量検出手段)は、車両のロールレイトを検出する手段である。
よって、ロールレイトが大きいときにはエンジン姿勢制御量がゼロとなるため、駆動力変動を抑制でき、運転者に与える違和感を軽減できる。また、ロールレイトが小さいときと大きいときにはブレーキ姿勢制御量が抑えられ、その分だけS/A3におけるロール姿勢制御量を大きくできるため、ロール運動を早期に抑制できる。
以上、本発明の実施例を図面に基づいて説明したが、本発明の具体的な構成は実施例に限定されるものではない。
例えば、動力源姿勢制御手段、減衰力制御手段、摩擦ブレーキ姿勢制御手段が車体の姿勢を目標姿勢とする制御量をそれぞれ個別に演算してエンジン、ブレーキ及び減衰力可変ショックアブソーバを制御するものにおいて、検出された状態量の振幅の絶対値に応じて各アクチュエータの作動/非作動を切り替える構成としてもよい。
Claims (13)
- 車体の姿勢を目標姿勢とする第1姿勢制御装置としての車両の動力源の動力源姿勢制御量を演算し、前記動力源に対して出力する動力源姿勢制御手段と、
車体の姿勢を目標姿勢とする第2姿勢制御装置の第2姿勢制御量を演算し、前記第2姿勢制御装置に対して出力する第2姿勢制御手段と、
車体姿勢を表す状態量を検出する状態量検出手段と、
前記検出された状態量の振幅の絶対値が所定値未満のときは、前記動力源姿勢制御手段により車体姿勢を制御し、前記振幅の絶対値が前記所定値以上のときは、前記動力源姿勢制御手段に代えて前記第2姿勢制御手段により車体姿勢を制御する姿勢制御手段と、
を備えたことを特徴とする車両の制御装置。 - 請求項1に記載の車両の制御装置において、
前記第2姿勢制御装置は、摩擦ブレーキであり、
前記第2姿勢制御手段は、前記第2姿勢制御量として摩擦ブレーキのブレーキ姿勢制御量を演算し、前記摩擦ブレーキに対して出力する摩擦ブレーキ姿勢制御手段であることを特徴とする車両の制御装置。 - 請求項2に記載の車両の制御装置において、
車体の姿勢を目標姿勢とする第3姿勢制御装置としての減衰力可変ショックアブソーバのショックアブソーバ姿勢制御量を演算し、前記減衰力可変ショックアブソーバに対して出力する減衰力制御手段を備え、
前記姿勢制御手段は、前記検出された状態量の振幅の絶対値が第一所定値未満のときは、前記動力源姿勢制御手段により車体姿勢を制御し、前記振幅の絶対値が前記第一所定値以上、かつ、前記第一所定値よりも大きな第二所定値未満のときは、前記動力源姿勢制御手段に代えて前記減衰力制御手段により車体姿勢を制御し、前記振幅の絶対値が前記第二所定値以上のときは、前記減衰力制御手段に代えて前記摩擦ブレーキ姿勢制御手段により車体姿勢を制御する姿勢制御手段と、
を備えたことを特徴とする車両の制御装置。 - 請求項1に記載の車両の制御装置において、
前記第2姿勢制御装置は、減衰力可変ショックアブソーバであり、
前記第2姿勢制御手段は、前記第2姿勢制御量として前記減衰力可変ショックアブソーバのショックアブソーバ姿勢制御量を演算し、前記減衰力可変ショックアブソーバに対して出力する減衰力制御手段であることを特徴とする車両の制御装置。 - 請求項4に記載の車両の制御装置において、
車体の姿勢を目標姿勢とする第3姿勢制御装置としての摩擦ブレーキのブレーキ姿勢制御量を演算し、前記摩擦ブレーキに対して出力する摩擦ブレーキ姿勢制御手段を備え、
前記姿勢制御手段は、前記検出された状態量の振幅の絶対値が第一所定値未満のときは、前記動力源姿勢制御手段により車体姿勢を制御し、前記振幅の絶対値が前記第一所定値以上、かつ、前記第一所定値よりも大きな第二所定値未満のときは、前記動力源姿勢制御手段に代えて前記減衰力制御手段により車体姿勢を制御し、前記振幅の絶対値が前記第二所定値以上のときは、前記減衰力制御手段に代えて前記摩擦ブレーキ姿勢制御手段により車体姿勢を制御する姿勢制御手段と、
を備えたことを特徴とする車両の制御装置。 - 請求項2、請求項3又は請求項5に記載の車両の制御装置において、
車両のピッチレイトを検出する走行状態検出手段を有し、
前記摩擦ブレーキ姿勢制御手段は、前記検出されたピッチレイトに基づいて前記ブレーキ姿勢制御量を演算することを特徴とする車両の制御装置。 - 請求項6に記載の車両の制御装置において、
前記走行状態検出手段は、車輪速の変化に基づいて車両のピッチレイトを推定することを特徴とする車両の制御装置。 - 請求項6又は請求項7に記載の車両の制御装置において、
前記走行状態検出手段は、4輪の上下方向運動を表すバウンス項と、前後輪の上下方向運動を表すピッチ項と、左右輪の上下方向運動を表すロール項と、対角輪の上下方向運動を表すワープ項と、に基づいて4輪モデルに展開することで、車両のピッチレイトを推定することを特徴とする車両の制御装置。 - 請求項1ないし請求項8のいずれか一つに記載の車両の制御装置において、
前記各姿勢制御手段は、スカイフック制御則に基づいて各姿勢制御量を演算することを特徴とする車両の制御装置。 - 請求項1ないし請求項9のいずれか一つに記載の車両の制御装置において、
前記状態量検出手段は、車両のピッチレイトを検出する手段であることを特徴とする車両の制御装置。 - 請求項1ないし請求項9のいずれか一つに記載の車両の制御装置において、
前記状態量検出手段は、車両のロールレイトを検出する手段であることを特徴とする車両の制御装置。 - 車体姿勢を表す状態量を検出するセンサと、
前記検出された状態量の振幅の絶対値が所定値未満のときは、車両の動力源の駆動力により車体姿勢を制御し、前記振幅の絶対値が前記所定値以上のときは、前記動力源の駆動力に代えて第2姿勢制御装置の発生力により車体姿勢を制御するコントローラと、
を備える車両の制御装置。 - コントローラが、
車体姿勢を表す状態量の振幅の絶対値が所定値未満のときは、車両の動力源の駆動力により車体姿勢を制御し、前記振幅の絶対値が前記所定値以上のときは、前記動力源の駆動力に代えて第2姿勢制御装置の発生力により車体姿勢を制御することを特徴とする車両の制御方法。
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- 2013-01-22 CN CN201380006742.9A patent/CN104105628B/zh active Active
- 2013-01-22 EP EP13741116.1A patent/EP2808214B1/en active Active
- 2013-01-22 US US14/365,664 patent/US9061561B2/en active Active
- 2013-01-22 WO PCT/JP2013/051171 patent/WO2013111734A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2013-01-22 JP JP2013555261A patent/JP5741719B2/ja active Active
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2808214A1 (en) | 2014-12-03 |
| JP5741719B2 (ja) | 2015-07-01 |
| US20140358370A1 (en) | 2014-12-04 |
| CN104105628B (zh) | 2016-08-24 |
| US9061561B2 (en) | 2015-06-23 |
| CN104105628A (zh) | 2014-10-15 |
| JPWO2013111734A1 (ja) | 2015-05-11 |
| EP2808214A4 (en) | 2015-06-03 |
| EP2808214B1 (en) | 2017-08-02 |
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