WO2013118760A1 - アイスプラント由来の機能性素材の製法技術と機能性成分 - Google Patents
アイスプラント由来の機能性素材の製法技術と機能性成分 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013118760A1 WO2013118760A1 PCT/JP2013/052702 JP2013052702W WO2013118760A1 WO 2013118760 A1 WO2013118760 A1 WO 2013118760A1 JP 2013052702 W JP2013052702 W JP 2013052702W WO 2013118760 A1 WO2013118760 A1 WO 2013118760A1
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- ice plant
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- pinitol
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/105—Plant extracts, their artificial duplicates or their derivatives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/15—Vitamins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
- A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/31—Hydrocarbons
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/49—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds
- A61K8/4906—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds with one nitrogen as the only hetero atom
- A61K8/4913—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds with one nitrogen as the only hetero atom having five membered rings, e.g. pyrrolidone carboxylic acid
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/60—Sugars; Derivatives thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/67—Vitamins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/96—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution
- A61K8/97—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution from algae, fungi, lichens or plants; from derivatives thereof
- A61K8/9783—Angiosperms [Magnoliophyta]
- A61K8/9789—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
- A61Q19/08—Anti-ageing preparations
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a functional material derived from an ice plant and the functional material.
- the present invention relates to a method for increasing functional components in an ice plant and an ice plant with increased functional components.
- Ice plant (scientific name: Mesembryanthemum crystallinum; English name: common ice plant) is an annual herb belonging to the genus Aizoaseae, and is a salty plant native to the Namib Desert in South Africa.
- the ice plant is a vegetable with a unique texture and salty taste, with leaves and side branch tips being used as raw or cooking ingredients.
- trade names such as “Tubrina”, “Baraf”, and “Puccina”.
- CAM-type photosynthesis is a form of photosynthesis often found in succulent plants that inhabit deserts and epiphyte plants that also inhabit environments with high water stress. It captures carbon dioxide at night and reduces it during the day. Features. Such a plant is referred to as a “CAM plant”. CAM plants open pores during cool nights to capture carbon dioxide and close the pores during the day to minimize moisture loss due to transpiration. By switching to CAM-type photosynthesis, the ice plant prevents moisture loss in the body due to drying, and absorbs the absorbed salt in a bag-like transparent cell called “Bladder cells” formed on the stem and leaf surfaces. Can drain and withstand adverse conditions. Due to the presence of these “Bladder cells”, the ice plant has a unique texture and flavor.
- Ice plants include minerals (sodium, potassium, calcium, manganese, magnesium, zinc, etc.), vitamins A such as ⁇ -carotene and retinol, vitamin K, pantothenic acid, inositols (ononitol, myo-inositol, pinitol, etc.) ), Rich in various functional components such as organic acids (malic acid, citric acid, etc.) and expected to prevent lifestyle-related diseases, blood glucose level lowering action, antioxidant action, anti-aging action, etc. (for example, Non-Patent Document 3). These functional components in ice plants are known to accumulate in response to salt stress and drought stress (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 4), but which components are produced under increased conditions. I don't know in detail about this.
- the present invention focuses on the functional components contained in the ice plant and aims to produce a functional material derived from the ice plant.
- the present invention [1] A method for producing an ice plant with increased content of pinitol, ⁇ -carotene, vitamin K and proline, characterized by stressing the ice plant during cultivation, [2] The method according to [1] above, wherein the cultivation is hydroponics.
- the method according to any one of [6] The content ratio of pinitol, ⁇ -carotene, vitamin K and proline in the obtained ice plant is 1: 0.01 to 0.05: 0.001 to 0.005: 0.2 to 1.2 , The method according to any one of [1] to [5] above, [7] The method according to any one of [3] to [6] above, wherein the stress is one or more selected from (1), (6) and (7), [8] Increasing the content of pinitol, ⁇ -carotene, vitamin K and proline in the ice plant characterized by applying one or more stresses selected from the following (1) to (8) in cultivation of the ice plant How to: (1) pH fluctuation, (2) temperature rise, (3) decrease in humidity, (4) UV irradiation, (5) Increasing the amount of light, (6) decrease in dissolved oxygen, (7) root cutting, (8) Increase in potassium concentration, [9] The method according to [8] above, wherein nitrate nitrogen in the ice plant is further reduced, [10
- Ice plant according to [13] The natural functional material obtained from the ice plant according to any one of [10] to [12], and [14] the natural functional material according to [13], which is a powdered product, [15] A supplement containing the natural functional material according to [13] or [14], and [16] a supplement according to [15] above, which is a powder or a tablet.
- the present invention it is possible to increase the contents of the functional components pinitol, ⁇ -carotene, vitamin K and proline in the ice plant by applying stress during the cultivation of the ice plant. Can be obtained efficiently.
- any type of ice plant may be used.
- the ice plant may be cultivated by any of hydroponics, soil cultivation, or medium cultivation.
- hydroponics is not particularly limited, and a general hydroponics method may be followed.
- ice plant seeds are sown in water-retaining materials such as urethane mats and grown in a seedling box or the like from the 2nd to 4th leaf age. After that, it is planted and cultivated in a hydroponic device.
- a sowing material a seedling box, a hydroponic device and the like used for cultivation, a general hydroponic cultivation one may be used.
- hydroponics of an ice plant is carried out in a hydroponic solution not containing sodium chloride until around the 4th to 5th leaf age, and about 50 mM sodium chloride is added around the 6th to 7th leaf age.
- concentration of sodium chloride added to the hydroponic solution is appropriately adjusted so that the obtained plant exhibits a desired salty taste.
- the hydroponic liquid those for normal plant cultivation can be used, and examples thereof include Otsuka House Fertilizer A prescription and a half-concentrated hydroponic liquid.
- hydroponics may be performed according to a conventional method.
- the composition of the hydroponic solution, the concentration and timing of addition of sodium chloride, the cultivation period, and the like may be appropriately changed. In the present invention, it is not always necessary to add sodium chloride.
- soil cultivation may be performed in accordance with general pot cultivation or house cultivation methods.
- seeds of an ice plant are sown in a pot or a medium, and cultivated by applying a nutrient solution obtained by diluting liquid fertilizer such as Hyponex (registered trademark) (manufactured by Hyponex) about 1000 times.
- Hyponex registered trademark
- a sowing material and a seedling box used for cultivation those for general soil cultivation may be used.
- Culture medium cultivation is a cultivation method using artificially prepared soil such as rice bran charcoal, coconut husk, peat moss, vermiculite, etc., and is cultivated by appropriately applying liquid fertilizer etc. as in the case of soil cultivation.
- medium cultivation may be performed according to a conventional method using the artificially prepared soil as described above.
- hydroponics is preferably used because stress stress conditions can be easily controlled.
- the ice plant is cultivated in a house or a plant factory using sunlight.
- the cultivation of the ice plant in the present invention is performed in a closed environment such as a room, for example, in a fully controlled plant factory.
- Ice plant cultivation in plant factories, regardless of hydroponics, soil, or medium culture, is stable production throughout the year that is not affected by the weather, safe and secure production without using pesticides, vacant land and farmland using empty warehouses and containers There is an advantage that production is possible.
- stress refers to an unfavorable condition for the growth of an ice plant.
- the stress applied to the ice plant may be any stress as long as the ice plant is shifted, but is preferably stress other than salt stress. More preferably, the stress is one or more selected from the following (1) to (8): (1) pH fluctuation, (2) temperature rise, (3) decrease in humidity, (4) UV irradiation, (5) Increasing the amount of light, (6) decrease in dissolved oxygen, (7) root cutting, (8) Increase in potassium concentration.
- one or more stresses selected from (1) pH variation, (6) decrease in dissolved oxygen, and (7) root cutting are loaded. These stress loads significantly increase the content of pinitol, ⁇ -carotene, vitamin K and proline in the ice plant. These stress loads are also preferable because they are particularly easy to control in hydroponics.
- transition refers to showing the same characteristics as when the ice plant is converted to CAM.
- an ice plant “transformed” according to the present invention exhibits an increase in the content of organic acids (malic acid, citric acid, etc.) in the plant body or dark greening of the chlorophyll pigment.
- CAM-type photosynthesis opens pores at night, captures carbon dioxide, converts it into malic acid, accumulates it, closes the pores in the daytime, and uses the malic acid accumulated at night to generate carbon dioxide for metabolism. It is characterized by that.
- CAM conversion the expression of the enzymes necessary for the ice plant to carry out CAM-type photosynthesis and the formation of a metabolic pathway (CAM pathway) is called “CAM conversion”.
- the term “transformed ice plant” or “transformed strain” refers to a CAM including a CAM that is actually CAM-type photosynthesis and a CAM that is not CAM-type photosynthesis. It means what shows the same characteristics as the ice plant. Therefore, the “transformed ice plant” or the “transformed strain” includes the same characteristics as the CAM-ized ice plant, but actually includes an CAM-ized ice plant.
- the “transformed ice plant” or “transformed strain” can be selected by visual observation based on the dark greening of the appearance of the plant (crop hue), for example.
- the chlorophyll pigment content can be measured with a chlorophyll meter (SPAD meter), and a strain having a measured value higher than that of a strain not applied with stress can be selected as a transition strain.
- the organic acid content (malic acid or citric acid content) of the plant body may be measured and selected.
- the stress load may be applied at any stage of the ice plant cultivation period.
- stress is applied about 35-45 days after sowing, about 55-60 days, or about 65-90 days.
- the ice plant will change about 5-15 days after stress loading.
- the method of applying stress is not particularly limited, and any method that can achieve the target stress load may be used.
- the stress may be applied stepwise, intermittently or continuously, or may be applied at once. Although depending on the type of stress, it is preferable to apply stress at once. Further, when two or more different types of stress are applied, they may be applied simultaneously or sequentially.
- the stress is applied by lowering or raising the pH of the hydroponic liquid using a pH adjusting liquid or the like.
- pH control is very important, and usually, when water and fertilizer are mixed to prepare a hydroponic solution, the pH value is controlled to be about 5.5 to 6.5.
- the stress of (1) is applied in the method of the present invention, for example, the pH value of the hydroponic liquid is varied up and down by about 3.
- the pH value of the hydroponic solution is lowered to about 3.5 to 4.5, preferably about 3.0 to 4.0, more preferably about 2.5 to 3.5.
- the ice plant changes about 10 days after stress loading.
- the pH value of the hydroponic solution is increased to about 7.5 to 8.5, preferably about 8.0 to 9.0, and more preferably about 8.5 to 9.5.
- pH adjusters include acidic substances that are usually used for pH adjustment, such as phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, citric acid, and alkaline substances that are usually used for pH adjustment, such as sodium hydroxide, potassium bicarbonate, water, and the like.
- potassium oxide, coral whose main component is calcium carbonate, or the like, or a commercially available pH adjuster for example, pH down (Otsuka Chemical Co., Ltd.), pH up (Otsuka Chemical Co., Ltd.) or the like may be used. .
- the temperature of the hydroponic solution is about 20-23 ° C. to about 25-28 ° C., preferably about 27 ° C.-30 ° C., more preferably Stresses by raising the temperature to about 28 ° C. to 32 ° C.
- the indoor humidity is about 50 to 40% RH, preferably about 45 to 35% RH, more preferably about 40 to 30% in a closed environment. Stress is applied by reducing to RH. In this invention, it turned out that an ice plant is easy to change especially when humidity becomes below 40% RH.
- the stress is applied by irradiating ultraviolet rays having a wavelength of 360 to 390 nm and an ultraviolet intensity of about 150 to 1000 uW / cm 2 .
- a strong light amount of about 150 to 180, preferably about 170 to 200, more preferably about 200 to 250 ⁇ mol / m 2 / second is applied for about 5 to 10 days.
- the stress is applied by irradiation for about 7 to 12 days, more preferably about 9 to 15 days.
- the stress load is performed by stopping the circulation of the hydroponic liquid.
- the circulation stop of the hydroponic liquid is performed intermittently, for example.
- the hydroponic circulation pump is operated for about 0 to 23 hours, preferably about 0 to 16 hours, more preferably about 0 to 8 hours, and then about 1 to 24 hours, preferably about 1 hour to The cycle of stopping the pump for 16 hours, more preferably about 1-8 hours, is repeated for about 1-40 days, preferably about 1-30 days, more preferably about 1-20 days.
- the minimum control value of the dissolved oxygen concentration in hydroponic liquid is about 5.5 mg / L.
- the dissolved oxygen concentration in the hydroponic liquid is, for example, about 5 mg / L or less, preferably about 4 mg / L or less, more preferably about 3 mg / L or less, and still more preferably about 2 mg / L or less.
- the dissolved oxygen in a hydroponic liquid can also be reduced also by guide
- root cutting stress of (7) above for example, cutting the roots of the ice plant about 35 to 50 days after sowing, preferably about 50 to 60 days, and more preferably about 50 to 55 days. By doing stress load.
- stress loading is performed by adding, for example, potassium sulfate having a concentration of 40 to 250 mM, preferably 40 to 170 mM, more preferably 90 to 170 mM to the hydroponic solution. .
- Potassium may be added instead of sodium chloride added to the hydroponic solution.
- a potassium source to be added to the hydroponic liquid in addition to potassium sulfate, for example, Otsuka No. 10 (manufactured by Otsuka Chemical Co., Ltd.) can be used.
- Ice plants are known to accumulate functional ingredients due to the osmotic effect of sodium, but when grown under high salt stress, the salt concentration absorbed into the ice plant increases and the taste becomes very salty In addition, it is not preferable from the health-oriented viewpoint of low salt. Therefore, it is very useful to produce an osmotic effect with potassium without using sodium chloride. Furthermore, in this invention, when potassium was used, it turned out that the stress stronger than sodium is loaded.
- the content of pinitol in the ice plant is, for example, at least about 1.5 times, preferably at least about 2.0 times, more preferably at least About 2.5 times, more preferably at least about 3.0 times, and ⁇ -carotene content is at least about 1.2 times, such as at least about 1.5 times, preferably at least about 1.8 times, more preferably Increases at least about 2.0 times, more preferably at least about 2.5 times, and the content of vitamin K is at least about 1.2 times, such as at least about 1.5 times, preferably at least about 2.0 times, Preferably at least about 2.5 times, more preferably at least about 3.0 times, and the proline content is at least about 3.0 times, preferably less Least about 5.0 times, more preferably at least about 7.0 times, more preferably by at least about 9.0-fold.
- “normal cultivation without applying stress” means cultivation in the same manner except that no stress is applied in the method of the present invention described above.
- the ice plant transformed by the method of the present invention has a pinitol of about 30 mg or more, for example, about 60 mg or more, preferably about 100 mg or more, more preferably about 120 mg or more, more preferably about 150 mg or more, per 100 g of the raw weight of the plant.
- About 1000 ⁇ g or more for example, about 1400 ⁇ g or more, preferably about 2500 ⁇ g or more, more preferably about 3500 ⁇ g or more, more preferably about 4000 ⁇ g or more, ⁇ -carotene, about 40 ⁇ g or more, for example about 120 ⁇ g or more, preferably about 200 ⁇ g or more, more preferably Contains about 250 ⁇ g or more, more preferably about 300 ⁇ g or more of vitamin K, and about 7 mg or more, such as about 40 mg or more, preferably about 60 mg or more, more preferably about 80 mg or more, more preferably about 100 mg or more. To do.
- the content ratio of pinitol, ⁇ -carotene, vitamin K and proline in the transformed ice plant is preferably 1: 0.01 to 0.05: 0.001 to 0.005: 0.2 to 1. 2, more preferably 1: 0.01 to 0.04: 0.001 to 0.003: 0.4 to 1.1, still more preferably 1: 0.02 to 0.04: 0.001 to 0.00. 003: 0.5 to 1.1.
- Nitrate nitrogen in the plant is reduced.
- Nitrogen is important as a component of chlorophyll necessary for photosynthetic proteins and proteins essential for plants, and contributes to nutrient absorption, assimilation, leaf stem / root elongation.
- Nitrate nitrogen is preferred for plants, but nitrate nitrogen absorbed by plants is assimilated in the plant, and if this assimilation process does not proceed smoothly, a large amount of nitrate accumulates in the plant. It becomes.
- Nitrate-nitrogen oxidizes hemoglobin in the blood to methemoglobin, causing methemoglobinemia, especially in infants, reducing vitamin A availability in the body, liver function and thyroid function, etc. The effects of have been reported. Therefore, it is desirable to reduce nitrate in the plant body.
- the nitrate nitrogen in the ice plant is reduced by at least about 30%, for example at least about 40%, as compared to the case of normal cultivation without applying stress, preferably at least about 40%, preferably It is at least about 50% lower, more preferably at least about 60% lower, more preferably at least about 70% lower.
- the ice plant transformed by the method of the present invention contains nitrate nitrogen as a nitrate ion concentration of about 5000 ppm or less, preferably about 4000 ppm or less, more preferably about 3000 ppm or less, more preferably about 2000 ppm or less.
- an ice plant containing pinitol, ⁇ -carotene, vitamin K and proline in a higher content than a normal ice plant can be obtained.
- an ice plant containing pinitol, ⁇ -carotene, vitamin K and proline in a higher content than a normal ice plant, and having a reduced nitrate nitrogen content than a normal ice plant. can get.
- an ice plant containing pinitol, ⁇ -carotene, vitamin K and proline in a higher content than a normal ice plant.
- the “ordinary ice plant” means an ice plant cultivated without applying stress in the method of the present invention described above.
- the ice plant of the present invention is at least about 1.5 times, preferably at least about 2 times, more preferably at least about 2.5 times, more preferably at least about 3 times, ⁇ - Carotene at least about 1.2 times, such as at least about 1.5 times, preferably at least about 1.8 times, more preferably at least about 2.0 times, more preferably at least about 2.5 times, vitamin K at least About 1.2 times, such as at least about 1.5 times, preferably at least about 2.0 times, more preferably at least about 2.5 times, more preferably at least about 3.0 times, and proline at least about 3 times , Preferably at least about 5 times, more preferably at least about 7 times, more preferably at least about 9 times higher content
- the ice plant of the present invention has about 30 mg or more, for example about 60 mg or more, preferably about 100 mg or more, more preferably about 120 mg or more, more preferably about 150 mg or more pinitol, about 1000 ⁇ g or more, per 100 g of the raw weight of the plant body.
- the content ratio of pinitol, ⁇ -carotene, vitamin K and proline in the ice plant of the present invention based on the weight is preferably 1: 0.01 to 0.05: 0.001 to 0.005: 0.2 to 1. .2, more preferably 1: 0.01 to 0.04: 0.001 to 0.003: 0.4 to 1.1, more preferably 1: 0.02 to 0.04: 0.001 to 0 .003: 0.5 to 1.1.
- the present invention provides an ice plant containing pinitol, ⁇ -carotene, vitamin K and proline at a higher content than a normal ice plant, and having a nitrate nitrogen content lower than that of a normal ice plant.
- the nitrate nitrogen content in the ice plant is reduced by at least about 30%, for example, at least about 40%, preferably at least about 50% lower than the normal ice plant, as the nitrate ion concentration. More preferably at least about 60%, more preferably at least about 70%.
- the ice plant of the present invention contains nitrate nitrogen in a nitrate ion concentration of about 5000 ppm or less, preferably about 4000 ppm or less, more preferably about 3000 ppm or less, more preferably about 2000 ppm or less.
- Pinitol is a methoxy derivative of kilo-inositol and is known to have an insulin-like hypoglycemic action. Pinitol can make somatic cells more sensitive to the action of insulin, making glucose uptake from the bloodstream into cells easier during insulin secretion. While research on pinitol is ongoing, it has been shown that regular administration of pinitol was beneficial to patients with type II diabetes. Pinitol is thought to help stabilize blood glucose levels. ⁇ -carotene is an antioxidant active substance that scavenges oxygen radicals and is also known to have an anticancer effect. Vitamin K is an essential substance for normal coagulation of blood and is also required for calcium fixation in bones. Proline is one of 20 important amino acids and is known to have a water-retaining effect, and is also required for collagen production.
- the ice plant of the present invention is useful as a functional food because it contains the functional components pinitol, ⁇ -carotene, vitamin K and proline having a useful action as described above in a high content.
- the ice plant of this invention can be utilized as a functional material derived from nature by processing into an extract, powder, or an extract.
- the ice plant extract extraction method and powdering method of the present invention may follow conventional methods.
- it can be extracted by water, alcohol, supercritical high pressure technique.
- it can be dried and powdered by vacuum freeze drying, far-infrared drying, or hot air drying.
- the apparatus used for powdering include a vacuum freeze dryer [(FD-15-FL) manufactured by Nippon Techno Service Co., Ltd.], a far-infrared food dryer [(V7513-S) manufactured by Vianova Co., Ltd.], A constant temperature and constant temperature dryer [(NDO-410) manufactured by Tokyo Rika Kikai Co., Ltd.], a pulverizer [(WM-10) manufactured by Sanjo Industry Co., Ltd.], and the like.
- the functional material obtained from the ice plant of the present invention can be used as a material for various products such as supplements such as nutritional supplements and health supplements, drinks, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics.
- the above products are appropriately prepared in a desired manner such as tablets, powders, solutions, capsules, creams, gels, aerosols, ointments, poultices, etc., using excipients well known in the art.
- the functional material of the present invention, together with excipients such as crystalline cellulose, fatty acid ester, fine silicon dioxide, and optionally other active ingredients such as soluble dietary fiber, carob extract, edible yeast, various vitamins, Can be granulated and mixed and tableted.
- the product using the functional material obtained from the ice plant of the present invention is, for example, a lifestyle habit including diabetes. It is effective in preventing disease, anti-aging, beauty, moisturizing effect, improving polycystic ovary syndrome, reducing indefinite complaints, recovery from fatigue, improving immunity, and improving liver function.
- an ice plant was cultivated using the following method.
- the seeds of the ice plant were sown on a salad urethane for hydroponics (trade name, manufactured by M-type Hydroponics Laboratory Co., Ltd.), germinated in a seedling tray, and grown to 2 to 4 leaf stages. Then, it attached
- Otsuka formulation including nitrogen, phosphoric acid, potash, lime, magnesium, manganese, boron, iron, copper, zinc, molybdenum, etc. was used for the hydroponic solution.
- Example 1 Stress test by temperature increase The ice plant was cultivated as described in Example 1, and the room temperature was raised from 22 ° C. to 30 ° C. over about 40 hours 55 days after sowing. The liquid temperature was also the same temperature. Thereafter, the room temperature was returned to 22 ° C. in 3 hours. The ice plant changed on the fifth day after stress loading.
- Example 1 Stress test by lowering humidity
- the ice plant was cultivated as described in Example 1, and all the nutrient solution in the cultivation bed was drained 55 days after sowing, and the roots were in a dry state where the roots were in contact with air. As a result, the ice plant changed on the fifth day after stress loading.
- the ice plant was cultivated as described in Example 1, and from the 54th day after sowing, the nutrient solution was fed in a cycle of "After 1 hour pump operation, 3 hours pump stop".
- the dissolved oxygen concentration in the solution at this time was about 2 mg / L to 4 mg / L.
- the whole plant body was changed.
- the ice plant was cultivated as described in Example 1 and the roots were cut 50, 55, 56 or 60 days after sowing. As a result, the ice plant completely changed 10 to 15 days after stress loading. In the test group in which the roots were cut 50 and 55 days after sowing, 100% of the plants were changed. In the test group in which the roots were cut on the 56th day after sowing, 89% of the plants were changed. On the other hand, in the test group in which the roots were cut 60 days after sowing, 100% of the plants did not change.
- Example 2 Stress test by increasing potassium concentration An ice plant was cultivated according to the method described in Example 1 except for the sodium chloride concentration added to the hydroponic solution. To the hydroponic solution, equimolar potassium sulfate was added instead of sodium chloride. As a control, the experiment was performed in a group to which neither sodium chloride nor potassium sulfate was added, or an equimolar amount of sodium chloride was not added.
- Functional component analysis experiment 1 The ice plant was cultivated as described in Example 1 and the roots were cut 55 days after sowing. Plants that had changed 10 days after root cutting were collected. This is referred to as a transition strain A. The ice plant was cultivated as described in Example 1 except that sodium chloride was not added to the hydroponic solution, and the roots were cut 55 days after sowing. Plants that had changed 10 days after root cutting were collected. This is referred to as transition strain B. As a control, an ice plant cultivated as described in Example 1 was collected 65 days after sowing. This is called a control strain. The collected transition strain A, transition strain B and control strain were subjected to the following functional component analysis.
- HPLC high performance liquid chromatography
- Proline analysis was performed according to the method of Bates (Bates, LS, RP Waldren, IDTeare, Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. Plant and Soil 39, 205-207 (1973)). Briefly, 2 mL of an acid ninhydrin solution and 2 mL of glacial acetic acid were added to 2 mL of a sample extract that was crushed and centrifuged by adding 3% (W / V) sulfosalicylic acid, and reacted at 100 ° C. for 1 hour. After adding 4 mL and stirring vigorously, the absorbance at 520 nm was measured.
- ⁇ -carotene was analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (Hitachi High-Technologies, detector: L-2455 type diode array detector).
- HPLC high performance liquid chromatography
- the sample solution was injected at a temperature of 40 ° C. under conditions of flowing through a Hitachi LaChromC18 (4.6 mm ID ⁇ 150 mmL) column, and ⁇ -carotene was detected at a wavelength of 455 nm.
- three strains A, B and B were added. Specifically, the following procedure was followed.
- the obtained extract was concentrated under reduced pressure at 40 ° C., and the residue was dissolved in 5 mL of hexane and poured into a silica gel mini-packed column. Then, vitamin K held on the column is eluted with 30 mL of hexane-diethyl ether (85:15 V / V), the eluate is concentrated under reduced pressure at 40 ° C., and the residue is dissolved in a certain amount of methanol. The filtrate filtered through a 20 ⁇ m membrane was used as a sample solution.
- Malic acid analysis Malic acid was analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography / high performance liquid chromatography (Hitachi High-Technologies organic acid (BTB method) analysis system, detector: L-2420 UV-VIS detector). As a mobile phase, 3 mmol / L perchloric acid was added at a flow rate of 0.5 mL / min. The sample solution was injected under the conditions of flowing through a Hitachi GL-C610H-S (7.8 mm ID x 300 mmL) column at a temperature of 40 ° C., and after column separation, reacted with the BTB solution, and apples at a wavelength of 440 nm. Acid was detected. For analysis, three strains A, B and B were added. Specifically, the following procedure was followed.
- antioxidant capacity analysis Furthermore, the antioxidant capacity of the ice plant was analyzed.
- the antioxidant ability indicates the function of antioxidant components including ⁇ -carotene.
- antioxidant components include betacyanin, vitamin E, vitamin C, polyphenol, and the like.
- Antioxidant activity was analyzed by Ikeha et al. (Tomoko Ikeba, Atsuko Kashima “Evaluation of antioxidant properties of vegetables produced by the prefecture and changes by cooking” Ibaraki Agricultural Research Center Horticultural Research Institute Research Report No. 14, 27-33 (2006)).
- linoleic acid- ⁇ -carotene solution is added to a sample crushed by adding 80% ethanol, quickly placed in a thermostat at 50 ° C, and absorbance A (wavelength 470 nm) is measured after 15 and 45 minutes.
- ⁇ A A15 minutes ⁇ A45 minutes was obtained.
- BHA butylhydroxyanisole
- each functional component content of the analytical sample was plotted on the vertical axis and the pinitol content on the horizontal axis, and the correlation coefficient was calculated. As a result, as shown in FIG. 1, it was found that there was a correlation between pinitol contained in the transferred strain and each functional component.
- nitrate nitrogen in the ice plant was measured with a compact nitrate ion meter B-341 manufactured by HORIBA. Briefly, the entire ice plant stock was squeezed with a squeezer, and the homogenized sample was applied to the measuring instrument sensor for measurement.
- the nitrate nitrogen content in the transformed strain was 1,900 ppm as the nitrate ion concentration.
- the nitrate nitrogen content in the control strain was 2,800 ppm as the nitrate ion concentration. Therefore, the nitrate nitrogen content in the transformed strain was reduced by about 32% compared to the control strain.
- the transformed strain A, transformed strain B, and control strain ice plant raw materials obtained according to the description in Example 10 were dried in either a vacuum freeze dryer, hot air dryer, or far-infrared dryer and pulverized.
- a powder having a particle size of 200 ⁇ m or less was used.
- the yield from raw weight to powder was about 3-5%, and the water content of the powder was less than 5%.
- vacuum freeze dryer FD-15-FL manufactured by Nippon Techno Service Co., Ltd.
- far-infrared food dryer V7513-S manufactured by Vianova Co., Ltd.
- constant temperature and constant temperature dryer NDO-410 Tokyo Rika Co., Ltd.
- the pulverizer WM-10 manufactured by Sanjo Industry Co., Ltd. was used as the pulverizer.
- Nitrate nitrogen measurement The iced plant freeze-dried powders of the transformed strain A and the control strain obtained by the above method were subjected to the same nitrate nitrogen measurement as described in Example 11.
- the nitrate nitrogen content in the transformed strain powder was 34,000 ppm as the nitrate ion concentration.
- the nitrate nitrogen content in the control strain powder was 120,000 ppm as the nitrate ion concentration. Therefore, the nitrate nitrogen content in the transformed strain was reduced by about 72% compared to the control strain.
- the ice plant was cultivated as described in Example 1 except that sodium chloride was not added to the hydroponic solution, and from the 54th day after sowing, the nutrient solution supply was "pumped for 1 hour and then pumped for 3 hours. The cycle was “stop”. The dissolved oxygen concentration in the solution at this time was about 2 mg / L to 4 mg / L. Plants that changed on the 9th day after stress loading were collected. This is referred to as a transition strain C.
- the ice plant was cultivated as described in Example 1 except that sodium chloride was not added to the hydroponic solution, and 150 ml / 1000 L of pH down solution was added to the hydroponic solution on the 50th day after sowing. The pH of the liquid was varied from 6.1 to 3.2.
- transition strain D The ice plant that changed on the 10th day after the stress load was collected. This is referred to as transition strain D.
- the collected transition strain C and transition strain D were subjected to functional component analysis in the same manner as described in Example 10.
- the control strain is the same as in Example 10.
- the present invention it is possible to increase the content of functional components pinitol, ⁇ -carotene, vitamin K and proline in an ice plant by applying stress in ice plant cultivation.
- a rich ice plant can be obtained efficiently.
- Such an ice plant containing abundant functional components can be used as a natural functional material in a wide range of fields such as food, medicine and cosmetics.
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Abstract
Description
[1]ピニトール、β-カロテン、ビタミンKおよびプロリンの含量が増加したアイスプラントの生産方法であって、栽培においてアイスプラントにストレスを与えることを特徴とする方法、
[2]栽培が水耕栽培である、上記[1]記載の方法、
[3]ストレスが下記(1)~(8)から選択される1以上である、上記[1]または[2]記載の方法:
(1)pHの変動、
(2)温度の上昇、
(3)湿度の低下、
(4)紫外線照射、
(5)光量の増加、
(6)溶存酸素の低下、
(7)根の切断、
(8)カリウム濃度の増加、
[4]さらに硝酸態窒素含量が低減したアイスプラントが得られる、上記[1]~[3]のいずれか1つに記載の方法、
[5]得られるアイスプラントが植物体の生重量100gあたり、30mg以上のピニトール、1000μg以上のβ-カロテン、40μg以上のビタミンK、7mg以上のプロリンを含有する、上記[1]~[4]のいずれか1つに記載の方法、
[6]得られるアイスプラント中のピニトール、β-カロテン、ビタミンKおよびプロリンの含有比率が1:0.01~0.05:0.001~0.005:0.2~1.2である、上記[1]~[5]のいずれか1つに記載の方法、
[7]ストレスが(1)、(6)および(7)から選択される1以上である、上記[3]~[6]のいずれか1つに記載の方法、
[8]アイスプラントの栽培において下記(1)~(8)から選択される1以上のストレスを与えることを特徴とする、アイスプラント中のピニトール、β-カロテン、ビタミンKおよびプロリンの含量を増加させる方法:
(1)pHの変動、
(2)温度の上昇、
(3)湿度の低下、
(4)紫外線照射、
(5)光量の増加、
(6)溶存酸素の低下、
(7)根の切断、
(8)カリウム濃度の増加、
[9]さらにアイスプラント中の硝酸態窒素が低減される、上記[8]記載の方法、
[10]上記[1]~[9]のいずれか1つに記載の方法によって得られたアイスプラント、
[11]植物体の生重量100gあたり、30mg以上のピニトール、1000μg以上のβ-カロテン、40μg以上のビタミンK、7mg以上のプロリンを含有するアイスプラント、
[12]植物中のピニトール、β-カロテン、ビタミンKおよびプロリンの含有比率が1:0.01~0.05:0.001~0.005:0.2~1.2である、上記[11]記載のアイスプラント、
[13]上記[10]~[12]のいずれか1項記載のアイスプラントから得られる天然機能性素材、および
[14]粉末化物である、上記[13]記載の天然機能性素材、
[15]上記[13]または[14]記載の天然機能性素材を含むサプリメント、および
[16]粉末または錠剤である、上記[15]記載のサプリメント
を提供する。
(1)pHの変動、
(2)温度の上昇、
(3)湿度の低下、
(4)紫外線照射、
(5)光量の増加、
(6)溶存酸素の低下、
(7)根の切断、
(8)カリウム濃度の増加。
全実施例において、下記の方法を用いてアイスプラントを栽培した。
アイスプラントの種子を水耕栽培用のサラダウレタン(商品名、株式会社M式水耕研究所製)に播種し、育苗トレイで発芽させ、2~4葉期まで育成した。その後、閉鎖式植物工場内でのNFT循環栽培(薄膜循環水耕栽培)に付した。水耕液には、大塚処方(窒素、リン酸、カリ、石灰、マグネシウム、マンガン、ホウ素、鉄、銅、亜鉛、モリブデンなどを含む)を用いた。各ストレスを負荷するまで、pH5.5~6.5、日照時間24時間、栽培密度40.7株/m2、EC(電気伝導度)0.23~0.27、室温22℃の条件下で栽培し、播種後15日目に100mM濃度の塩化ナトリウムを水耕液に添加した。ただし、本発明において、塩化ナトリウムは必ずしも添加しなくともよい。
アイスプラントの変移は、茎葉のクロロフィル色素の濃緑化を目視によって確認した。このクロロフィル色素含量を葉緑素計(SPAD計)で計測したところ、変移していない健全株では35~45SPAD前後であったのに対して、変移株では50SPAD以上となった。
アイスプラントを実施例1に記載のとおり栽培し、播種後50日目に水耕液にpHダウン液、もしくはpHアップ液を150ml/1000L添加し、水耕液のpHをpH3.0程度上下に変動させた。ストレス負荷後10日目にアイスプラントが変移した。
アイスプラントを実施例1に記載のとおり栽培し、播種後55日目に室内温度を約40時間かけ22℃から30℃まで上昇させた。なお液温も同温度とした。その後3時間で室内温度を22℃に戻した。ストレス負荷後5日目にアイスプラントが変移した。
アイスプラントを実施例1に記載のとおり栽培し、播種後55日目に栽培ベッド内の養液を全て排水し、根が空気に触れる乾燥状態にした。その結果、ストレス負荷後5日目にアイスプラントが変移した。
アイスプラントを実施例1に記載のとおり栽培し、播種後55日目に紫外線照射(150~1000uW/cm2)を開始した。その結果、ストレス負荷後10日目にアイスプラントが変移した。
アイスプラントを実施例1に記載のとおり発芽、育成し、定植と同時に190μmol/m2/sの強光を照射した。その結果、定植後10日目に定植を行った全植物が変移した。
アイスプラントを実施例1に記載のとおり栽培し、播種後54日目から、養液供給を「1時間ポンプ稼働した後、3時間ポンプ停止」のサイクルで行った。このときの溶液中の溶存酸素濃度は、約2mg/L~4mg/Lであった。ストレス負荷後9日目に全植物体が変移した。
アイスプラントを実施例1に記載のとおり栽培し、播種後50、55、56または60日目に根を切断した。その結果、アイスプラントは、ストレス負荷後10~15日で完全に変移した。播種後50および55日目に根を切断した試験群では、100%の植物体が変移した。播種後56日目に根を切断した試験群では、89%の植物体が変移した。一方、播種後60日目に根を切断した試験群では、100%の植物体が変移しなかった。
水耕液に添加する塩化ナトリウム濃度以外は実施例1に記載の方法にしたがって、アイスプラントを栽培した。水耕液には、塩化ナトリウムの代わりに等モルの硫酸カリウムを添加した。対照として、塩化ナトリウムも硫酸カリウムも添加しない群、等モルの塩化ナトリウムを添加しない群において実験を行った。1群につき6株のアイスプラントを用い、播種後40日後に、塩化ナトリウム86mM(0.5%)、171mM(1%)、342mM(2%)、513mM(3%)または硫酸カリウム43mM、85.5mM、171mM、256.5mMを水耕液に添加した。
その結果、342mMの塩化ナトリウムを添加した群は、添加後15日目に40%の株が変移した。一方、171mMの硫酸カリウムを添加した群は、添加後15日目に90%の株が変移した。
アイスプラントを実施例1に記載のとおり栽培し、播種後55日目に根を切断した。根切断後10日で変移した植物体を採取した。これを変移株Aという。
塩化ナトリウムを水耕液に添加しなかったこと以外は実施例1に記載のとおりにアイスプラントを栽培し、播種後55日目に根を切断した。根切断後10日で変移した植物体を採取した。これを変移株Bという。
対照として、実施例1に記載のとおり栽培したアイスプラントを播種後65日目に採取した。これを対照株という。
採取した変移株Aおよび変移株Bおよび対照株を下記の機能性成分分析に付した。
ピニトール分析は、高速液体クロマトグラフィー(HPLC)(島津製作所、検出器:示唆屈折検出器)を用いて行った。移動相としてアセト二トリル/水=75/25(V/V)を流速1.0mL/min.、温度70℃でShodexDC-613(6.0mmI.D.x150mmL)カラムに流した条件下において、試料溶液を注入し、ピ二トールを検出した。分析には、変移株A、変移株Bおよび対照株各3個体を付した。具体的には、以下の手順に従った。まず、適量の植物体全体に純水を添加し、ホモジナイザーで破砕処理した。次いで、10000rpmで遠心分離し、その濾過液を定容後、0.20μmメンブレンフィルターに通し、試料溶液とした。
プロリン分析は、Bates(Bates,L.S., R.P.Waldren, I.D.Teare, Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. Plant and Soil 39,205-207(1973))の方法に従った。簡単に言うと、3%(W/V)スルホサリチル酸を加え破砕、遠心分離した検体抽出液2mLに、酸ニンヒドリン溶液2mLと氷酢酸2mLを添加し、100℃で1時間反応させた後、トルエン4mLを加え、強く攪拌後、520nmの吸光度を測定した。
β-カロテンの分析は、高速液体クロマトグラフィー(HPLC)(日立ハイテクノロジーズ 、検出器:L-2455形ダイオードアレイ検出器)を用いて行った。移動相としてメタノール/エタノール=5/1(V/V)を流速0.8mL/min.、温度40℃で、日立LaChromC18(4.6mmI.D.x150mmL)カラムに流した条件下において、試料溶液を注入し、波長455nmにてβ-カロテンを検出した。分析には、変移株A、変移株Bおよび対照株各3個体を付した。具体的には、以下の手順に従った。まず、適量の植物体全体に3%(W/V)ピロガロール-エタノール5mLと60%(W/V)水酸化カリウム0.5mLを添加し、70℃で30分間けん化した。その後、水冷し、1%(W/V)塩化ナトリウム11.25mLを加えた後、ヘキサン-酢酸エチル混液(9:1V/V)7.5mLにて、振盪、遠心分離による抽出操作を3回行った。得られた抽出液を40℃で減圧濃縮し、残留物を一定量のクロロホルムに溶解させ、0.20μmメンブレンで濾過した濾液を試料溶液とした。
ビタミンKの分析は、高速液体クロマトグラフィー(日立ハイテクノロジーズ、検出器:L-2455形ダイオードアレイ検出器)を用いて行った。移動相としてアセト二トリル/メタノール=60/40(V/V)を流速1.0mL/min.、温度40℃で、日立LaChromC18(4.6mmI.D.x150mmL)カラムに流した条件下において、試料溶液を注入し、波長265nmにてビタミンKを検出した。分析には、変移株および対照株各3個体を付した。具体的には、以下の手順に従った。まず、適量の植物体全体に1%(W/V)クエン酸溶液5mLを添加し、60℃で5分間処理した。次いで、アセトンにて定容し、これを10分間超音波槽に浸け、一晩静置して抽出液を得た。この得られた抽出液5mLにエタノール5mL、1%(W/V)クエン酸溶液5mLを加えた後、ヘキサン-酢酸エチル混液(9:1V/V)7.5mLにて、振盪、遠心分離による抽出操作を3回行った。得られた抽出液を40℃で減圧濃縮し、残留物をヘキサン5mLに溶解させ、シリカゲルミニ充填カラムに流し込んだ。そして、カラムに保持させたビタミンKを、ヘキサン-ジエチルエーテル(85:15V/V)30mLで溶出させ、溶出液を40℃で減圧濃縮後、残留物を一定量のメタノールに溶解させ、0.20μmメンブレンで濾過した濾液を試料溶液とした。
リンゴ酸の分析は、高速液体クロマトグラフィー高速液体クロマトグラフィー(日立ハイテクノロジーズ 有機酸(BTB法)分析システム、検出器:L-2420形UV-VIS検出器)を用いて行った。移動相として3mmol/L過塩素酸を流速0.5mL/min.、温度40℃で、日立GL-C610H-S(7.8mmI.D.x300mmL)カラムに流した条件下において、試料溶液を注入し、カラム分離後、BTB溶液と反応させ、波長440nmにてリンゴ酸を検出した。分析には、変移株A、変移株Bおよび対照株各3個体を付した。具体的には、以下の手順に従った。まず、適量の植物体全体に純水を添加し、ホモジナイザーで破砕処理した。次いで、10000rpmで遠心分離し、その濾過液を定容後、0.20μmメンブレンフィルターに通し、試料溶液とした。
さらに、アイスプラントの抗酸化能を分析した。ここで、抗酸化能とは、β-カロテンを含めた抗酸化成分の機能を示す。抗酸化成分には、β-カロテンの他に、ベタシアニンやビタミンE、ビタミンC、ポリフェノールなどが含まれる。
抗酸化能の分析は、池羽ら(池羽智子、鹿島恭子「県産野菜の抗酸化性の評価と加熱調理による変化」茨城県農業総合センター園芸研究所研究報告 第14号、27-33(2006))の方法に従った。簡単に言うと、80%エタノールを加え破砕した試料に、リノール酸-βカロテン溶液を添加し、50℃の恒温槽に素早く入れ、15分後と45分後の吸光度A(波長470nm)を測定して、ΔA=A15分-A45分を求めた。ΔAの値と合成抗酸化剤であるブチルヒドロキシアニソール(以後BHAと略記)濃度のlog対数値が直線関係にあることを利用し、BHA標準液でΔAを求めて作成した検量線から、被検液の抗酸化性をBHA濃度に換算して評価した。
アイスプラント中の硝酸態窒素の測定は、HORIBA製コンパクト硝酸イオンメーターB-341によって行った。簡単に言うと、アイスプラントの株全体をしぼり器でしぼり、均一化した試料を測定器センサーにたらし測定した。
実施例10の記載にしたがって得られた変移株A、変移株Bおよび対照株アイスプラント生原材料を真空凍結乾燥機、温風乾燥機、または遠赤外線乾燥機のいずれかで乾燥し、粉砕機で粒径200μm以下の粉末にした。生重量から粉末への歩留まりは約3-5%であり、粉末の水分量は5%未満にした。乾燥機として、真空凍結乾燥機 FD-15-FL(日本テクノサービス株式会社製)、遠赤外線食品乾燥機 V7513-S(株式会社ヴィアノーベ製)、または定温恒温乾燥器 NDO-410(東京理化器機株式会社製)を使用し、粉砕機として粉砕機WM-10(三庄インダストリー株式会社製)を使用した。
上記の方法によって得られたアイスプラント凍結乾燥粉末を実施例10に記載と同様の機能性成分分析に付した。
結果を下記の表2に示す。
上記の方法によって得られた変移株Aおよび対照株のアイスプラント凍結乾燥粉末を実施例11の記載と同様の硝酸態窒素測定に付した。
変移株粉末中の硝酸態窒素含量は、硝酸イオン濃度として34,000ppmであった。一方、対照株粉末中の硝酸態窒素含量は、硝酸イオン濃度として120,000ppmであった。したがって、変移株中の硝酸態窒素含量は、対照株と比べて約72%低下した。
塩化ナトリウムを水耕液に添加しなかったこと以外は実施例1に記載のとおりにアイスプラントを栽培し、播種後54日目から、養液供給を「1時間ポンプ稼働した後、3時間ポンプ停止」のサイクルで行った。このときの溶液中の溶存酸素濃度は、約2mg/L~4mg/Lであった。ストレス負荷後9日目に変移した植物体を採取した。これを変移株Cという。
塩化ナトリウムを水耕液に添加しなかったこと以外は実施例1に記載のとおりにアイスプラントを栽培し、播種後50日目に水耕液にpHダウン液を150ml/1000L添加し、水耕液のpHを6.1から3.2に変動させた。ストレス負荷後10日目に変移したアイスプラントを採取した。これを変移株Dという。
採取した変移株C、および変移株Dを実施例10の記載と同様に機能性成分分析に付した。なお、対照株については実施例10と同様である。
実施例13の記載にしたがって得られた変移株Cおよび変移株Dのアイスプラント生原材料を実施例12の記載と同様に粉末化した。生重量から粉末への歩留まりは約3-5%であり、粉末の水分量は5%未満にした。
上記の方法によって得られたアイスプラント凍結乾燥粉末を実施例10に記載と同様の機能性成分分析に付した。なお、対照株については実施例12と同様である。
結果を下記の表4に示す。
実施例12または実施例14の記載にしたがって製造されたアイスプラント粉末を可溶性食物繊維、食用酵母、イナゴマメ抽出物、各種ビタミン類、結晶性セルロース、脂肪酸エステル、および微粒二酸化ケイ素と共に、常法にしたがって造粒および混合し、打錠することにより、天然由来の機能性成分を含むサプリメントを製造した。
Claims (16)
- ピニトール、β-カロテン、ビタミンKおよびプロリンの含量が増加したアイスプラントの生産方法であって、栽培においてアイスプラントにストレスを与えることを特徴とする方法。
- 栽培が水耕栽培である、請求項1記載の方法。
- ストレスが下記(1)~(8)から選択される1以上である、請求項1または2記載の方法:
(1)pHの変動、
(2)温度の上昇、
(3)湿度の低下、
(4)紫外線照射、
(5)光量の増加、
(6)溶存酸素の低下、
(7)根の切断、
(8)カリウム濃度の増加。 - さらに硝酸態窒素含量が低減したアイスプラントが得られる、請求項1~3のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 得られるアイスプラントが植物体の生重量100gあたり、30mg以上のピニトール、1000μg以上のβ-カロテン、40μg以上のビタミンK、7mg以上のプロリンを含有する、請求項1~4のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 得られるアイスプラント中のピニトール、β-カロテン、ビタミンKおよびプロリンの含有比率が1:0.01~0.05:0.001~0.005:0.2~1.2である、請求項1~5のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- ストレスが(1)、(6)および(7)から選択される1以上である、請求項3~6のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- アイスプラントの栽培において下記(1)~(8)から選択される1以上のストレスを与えることを特徴とする、アイスプラント中のピニトール、β-カロテン、ビタミンKおよびプロリンの含量を増加させる方法:
(1)pHの変動、
(2)温度の上昇、
(3)湿度の低下、
(4)紫外線照射、
(5)光量の増加、
(6)溶存酸素の低下、
(7)根の切断、
(8)カリウム濃度の増加。 - さらにアイスプラント中の硝酸態窒素が低減される、請求項8記載の方法。
- 請求項1~9のいずれか1項記載の方法によって得られたアイスプラント。
- 植物体の生重量100gあたり、30mg以上のピニトール、1000μg以上のβ-カロテン、40μg以上のビタミンK、7mg以上のプロリンを含有するアイスプラント。
- 植物中のピニトール、β-カロテン、ビタミンKおよびプロリンの含有比率が1:0.01~0.05:0.001~0.005:0.2~1.2である、請求項11記載のアイスプラント。
- 請求項10~12のいずれか1項記載のアイスプラントから得られる天然機能性素材。
- 粉末化物である、請求項13記載の天然機能性素材。
- 請求項13または14記載の天然機能性素材を含むサプリメント。
- 粉末または錠剤である、請求項15記載のサプリメント。
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| JP2013547419A JP5590429B2 (ja) | 2012-02-06 | 2013-02-06 | アイスプラント由来の機能性素材の製法技術と機能性成分 |
| US14/376,719 US20150030705A1 (en) | 2012-02-06 | 2013-02-06 | Technique and method for producing functional material originated from ice plant, and functional component |
| EP13746154.7A EP2813138A4 (en) | 2012-02-06 | 2013-02-06 | TECHNOLOGY AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING A FUNCTIONAL MATERIAL FROM THE MIDDLE FLOWER AND FUNCTIONAL COMPONENT THEREOF |
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| JP2014176310A (ja) * | 2013-03-13 | 2014-09-25 | Tsujiko Co Ltd | 塩生植物から脱塩された糖アルコール濃縮抽出物を得る方法 |
| CN105265290A (zh) * | 2014-07-04 | 2016-01-27 | 北京中环易达设施园艺科技有限公司 | Led光源下冰叶日中花的栽培方法 |
| JP2017200448A (ja) * | 2016-05-02 | 2017-11-09 | 株式会社大林組 | 機能性野菜の生産方法 |
| JP2019054733A (ja) * | 2017-09-19 | 2019-04-11 | 学校法人近畿大学 | アイの栽培収穫方法及び栽培収穫装置とアイの栽培収穫装置を配置した植物工場 |
| JP2019146521A (ja) * | 2018-02-27 | 2019-09-05 | 三菱ケミカル株式会社 | 植物栽培方法 |
| JP2020043804A (ja) * | 2018-09-18 | 2020-03-26 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 植物栽培方法および植物栽培システム |
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| JP2019146521A (ja) * | 2018-02-27 | 2019-09-05 | 三菱ケミカル株式会社 | 植物栽培方法 |
| JP2020043804A (ja) * | 2018-09-18 | 2020-03-26 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 植物栽培方法および植物栽培システム |
| US11310975B2 (en) * | 2019-04-23 | 2022-04-26 | 4D Bios Inc. | Method for cultivating Mesembryanthemum crystallinum |
| WO2022225284A1 (ko) * | 2021-04-19 | 2022-10-27 | 서울바이오시스주식회사 | 식물 재배용 광원 모듈 및 식물 재배 방법 |
| JP2022186537A (ja) * | 2021-06-04 | 2022-12-15 | ヨシ子 下 | 還元電位を有する水の製造方法 |
| JP7722653B2 (ja) | 2021-06-04 | 2025-08-13 | ヨシ子 下 | 還元電位を有する水の製造方法 |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| JP5590429B2 (ja) | 2014-09-17 |
| JP5648880B2 (ja) | 2015-01-07 |
| JP2014128285A (ja) | 2014-07-10 |
| EP2813138A1 (en) | 2014-12-17 |
| JPWO2013118760A1 (ja) | 2015-05-11 |
| CN103607882A (zh) | 2014-02-26 |
| US20150030705A1 (en) | 2015-01-29 |
| EP2813138A4 (en) | 2015-08-12 |
| CN103607882B (zh) | 2016-05-18 |
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