WO2013139281A1 - 条框沟槽封边低空、真空玻璃 - Google Patents

条框沟槽封边低空、真空玻璃 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013139281A1
WO2013139281A1 PCT/CN2013/072968 CN2013072968W WO2013139281A1 WO 2013139281 A1 WO2013139281 A1 WO 2013139281A1 CN 2013072968 W CN2013072968 W CN 2013072968W WO 2013139281 A1 WO2013139281 A1 WO 2013139281A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
glass
low
temperature
edge
furnace
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2013/072968
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
戴长虹
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Individual
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Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201210075601XA external-priority patent/CN102951787A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201210075435.3A external-priority patent/CN102701575B/zh
Priority claimed from CN2012103740437A external-priority patent/CN102951827A/zh
Priority claimed from CN2012103740278A external-priority patent/CN102951813A/zh
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to JP2015500758A priority Critical patent/JP5993514B2/ja
Priority to EP13764805.1A priority patent/EP2829521A4/en
Priority to EA201491744A priority patent/EA201491744A1/ru
Priority to US14/383,702 priority patent/US9688575B2/en
Publication of WO2013139281A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013139281A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C27/00—Joining pieces of glass to pieces of other inorganic material; Joining glass to glass other than by fusing
    • C03C27/06—Joining glass to glass by processes other than fusing
    • C03C27/10—Joining glass to glass by processes other than fusing with the aid of adhesive specially adapted for that purpose
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C27/00—Joining pieces of glass to pieces of other inorganic material; Joining glass to glass other than by fusing
    • C03C27/06—Joining glass to glass by processes other than fusing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C3/00—Glass compositions
    • C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
    • C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
    • C03C3/089—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing boron
    • C03C3/091—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing boron containing aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
    • C03C8/24—Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions, i.e. for use as seals between dissimilar materials, e.g. glass and metal; Glass solders
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
    • E06B3/6612—Evacuated glazing units
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
    • E06B3/663—Elements for spacing panes
    • E06B3/66304—Discrete spacing elements, e.g. for evacuated glazing units
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
    • E06B3/663—Elements for spacing panes
    • E06B3/66309—Section members positioned at the edges of the glazing unit
    • E06B3/66333—Section members positioned at the edges of the glazing unit of unusual substances, e.g. wood or other fibrous materials, glass or other transparent materials
    • E06B2003/66338—Section members positioned at the edges of the glazing unit of unusual substances, e.g. wood or other fibrous materials, glass or other transparent materials of glass
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/24—Structural elements or technologies for improving thermal insulation
    • Y02A30/249—Glazing, e.g. vacuum glazing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B80/00—Architectural or constructional elements improving the thermal performance of buildings
    • Y02B80/22—Glazing, e.g. vaccum glazing

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the manufacture of low-altitude glass or vacuum, and more particularly to a method of making low-altitude or vacuum glass and products thereof. Background technique
  • insulating glass has been widely promoted and applied, effectively improving the insulation and sound insulation performance of doors and windows.
  • the distance between the two flat glass sheets of the insulating glass that is, the thickness of the air layer determines the effect of heat insulation and sound insulation.
  • the thicker the air layer the better the heat preservation and sound insulation effect, but increasing the thickness of the air layer increases the door and window frame.
  • the thickness of the door and window will increase the manufacturing cost of the door and window; other methods such as coating glass, film, and filling the inert glass in the middle of the insulating glass have certain effects, but the cost is high and is not suitable for general application.
  • insulating glass Most of the existing insulating glass is a glass article sealed with an organic sealant at a periphery by a spacer frame with a desiccant between two or more sheets of glass. Because the organic sealant itself contains water, poor anti-aging performance, poor air tightness, etc., the hollow glass often fails, which seriously affects the service life of the insulating glass.
  • the air in the air layer of the insulating glass is sealed between the two glasses.
  • the pressure of the air layer changes due to the change of the external temperature.
  • the external temperature is high, the pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure, the glass is convex, and when the external temperature is low, the pressure is lower than atmospheric pressure.
  • the glass is concave, causing a so-called "breathing" phenomenon, which affects the normal service life of the insulating glass.
  • Vacuum glass is a new type of energy-saving and environmentally friendly product. It can be widely used in industrial and agricultural fields such as building doors and windows, glass curtain walls, solar energy products, agricultural greenhouses, refrigerators and refrigerators, and household daily necessities. It is excellent for heat insulation. Soundproofing and decorative materials.
  • the structure and technology of the edge sealing is the key technology to ensure that the periphery of the vacuum glass is not deformed, does not produce excessive stress, does not leak, and maintains the characteristics of the tempered glass.
  • the edge sealing structure is designed such that the upper glass of the two glasses is slightly smaller than the lower glass, and the low melting glass solder is placed on the edge step formed by the two glasses, the molten glass The solder flows into the gap between the two glasses due to capillary phenomenon.
  • This method is the most representative and practical edge-sealing technology at present, but has the disadvantages of large amount of solder, uneven edges, and large stress; Patent CN95108228.0”Vacuum In the flat glass and its manufacturing method “and CN96208977.X” vacuum flat glass", the edge of the glass plate is first “chamfered” and the solder is placed in the chamfer groove.
  • Patent CN201010228110.5 "A vacuum glass edge sealing method” is to put a glass welding material around the vacuum glass original plate, and a powder layer on the inner side of the glass welding material Or an inner barrier layer made of a fibrous material restricts the flow of the glass solder liquid into the interior of the vacuum glass. This method only limits the flow of the glass solder liquid into the interior of the vacuum glass compared to the prior art, and fails to overcome other disadvantages.
  • the main disadvantages of the existing edge sealing method are as follows: First, the structure and process are complex, not suitable for mechanization, automation and mass production; Second, it is difficult to evacuate during the edge sealing process, and it is necessary to provide a suction port on the glass. Not suitable for direct pumping from the sides of the glass.
  • the applicant of the present invention overcomes the main disadvantages of the prior vacuum glass edge sealing process by providing an edge banding frame at the periphery of the glass in the patent 2012100754353.
  • the disadvantage is that the etching process of the edge sealing groove is not only the etching process. It is not conducive to the physical and mental health of workers, and is not conducive to environmental protection.
  • the second is that the edge banding frame requires a certain height, resulting in a thick vacuum layer between the upper and lower glass.
  • the diameter and height of the support will be larger, not only the support It is clearly visible and delivers more heat and sound, which affects the visibility of vacuum glass as well as thermal and acoustic insulation.
  • the existing vacuum glass generally uses a multi-step production process of first high temperature sealing, vacuuming, and finally closing the suction port, and the vacuuming and closing suction ports are mostly performed in a single piece.
  • the low temperature glass solder used in vacuum glass edge sealing has a sealing temperature of generally not less than 400 ° C. Heating the glass for a long time at this sealing temperature causes the tempered glass to anneal and become ordinary glass, so the existing production technology 4 Difficult to make a tempered vacuum glass.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a novel low-pressure hollow glass and a manufacturing method thereof for the defects existing in the existing insulating glass, and the method has the advantages of simple manufacturing process, low cost, high production efficiency, and reliable sealing.
  • the sealing effect is good.
  • This method can be used to prepare new low-altitude glass in one step and large quantities. This method can not only produce ordinary low-altitude glass, but also is suitable for making tempered low-altitude glass.
  • the prepared low-altitude glass can overcome the shortage of existing insulating glass. Effectively guarantees the airtightness of low-altitude glass, prolongs service life, and increases strength as well as heat insulation and sound insulation.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a vacuum glass and a manufacturing method thereof, which not only has a simple manufacturing process, low cost, high production efficiency, but also has reliable sealing and good sealing effect, and can be used by the method.
  • a new type of vacuum glass without a suction port is prepared in one step and in large quantities. This method can not only make ordinary vacuum glass, but also is suitable for making tempered vacuum glass.
  • the present invention provides a low-altitude or vacuum glass, comprising an upper glass, a lower glass; the upper glass is a flat glass or a convex glass; the lower glass is a flat glass or a convex glass, the upper and lower glass
  • the periphery of the upper glass and the edge of the lower glass are welded together by low temperature solder, the low temperature solder is a low temperature glass solder, the upper glass and the lower
  • a closed low pressure air layer or vacuum layer is formed between the glass.
  • a closed vacuum layer is formed between the upper glass and the lower glass, and the vacuum layer has a support therein, and the support has one or two layers.
  • the low-altitude or vacuum glass further includes an intermediate glass sandwiched between the upper glass and the lower glass, the upper glass and the lower glass respectively forming two closed surfaces with the intermediate glass Air pressure layer or vacuum layer.
  • the upper glass, at least one of the lower glass and/or the intermediate glass is tempered or semi-tempered Glass.
  • the support is produced before glass tempering or after glass tempering.
  • the periphery of the upper glass soldering surface has at least one edge strip frame, and the periphery of the lower glass soldering surface has at least one edge sealing groove and two edge strip frames.
  • the edge strip frame is made by printing or spraying with low temperature glass frit.
  • the edge sealing groove is made by machining or laser processing.
  • the edge strip frame and/or support is made using a soft or hard mesh.
  • the edge strip frame and/or support are machined after curing.
  • the low-level layer is naturally formed after being sealed at a high temperature and lowered to room temperature, and the gas pressure in the low-level layer is 0.01 to 0.099 MPa, or 0.02 to 0.08 MPa.
  • the convex glass of the convex glass has a height of 0.1 to 200 mm.
  • the upper and lower glasses may have the same bow height, or may have different bow heights depending on actual needs.
  • the upper and lower glass have a small planar size or a large convex arch height, and can rely on the convex shape and strength of the glass itself to resist atmospheric pressure, no support is provided; when the upper and lower glass cannot rely on themselves When the convex shape and strength resist atmospheric pressure, a small amount of necessary support is provided, and the support together with the glass together resists atmospheric pressure.
  • the support is made of low temperature glass, metal, ceramic, glass and/or plastic, and is prepared by using low temperature glass powder or low temperature glass solder, and the low temperature glass powder has a melting temperature of 550 to 750 ° C.
  • the melting temperature of the solder is 350 to 550 °C.
  • the support is printed on a piece of glass or printed on two pieces of glass; the support is columnar or strip-shaped; when the support is printed on a piece of glass, it is cylindrical; when the support When printed on two pieces of glass at the same time, it is strip-shaped and stacked vertically.
  • the support is a lattice arrangement in which the smallest unit is an equilateral triangle, and the side length of the triangle is about 50 - 500 mm, preferably 100 ⁇ 300 mm; when the support is elongated, the length is 0.3 ⁇ 5.0 mm, preferably 0.5 ⁇ 2.0 mm, width 0.1 ⁇ 2.0mm, preferably 0.2 ⁇ 1.0mm, height 0.1 ⁇ 10.0mm, preferably 0.2 ⁇ 3.0mm, the height of the support can be higher than the height of the edge band 0 ⁇ 2.0mm , preferably 0.1 to 0.5 mm; when the support is cylindrical, the diameter is 0.1 to 3.0 mm, preferably 0.3 to 2.0 mm, the height is 0.1 to 5.0 mm, preferably 0.2 to 3.0 mm, and the height of the support can be high.
  • the space height of the support is 0 ⁇ 0.3 mm, preferably after the upper and lower glass splicing It is 0.1 ⁇ 0.2mm.
  • the supports are vertically stacked and supported.
  • the upper and lower glasses are in point contact when the top of the support is connected, and the support and the glass are Line or face contact.
  • the printing method includes stencil printing, screen printing or printer printing; the printing method includes hard board (net) printing and soft board (net) printing, the hard board (net) is a board made of metal material, net
  • the soft board (net) is a board or a net made of an organic material.
  • the edge strip frame is provided with a plurality of vent holes, that is, grooves or slits perpendicular to the edge strip frame and evenly distributed along the edge strip frame, the number is determined by the circumference of the upper and lower glass, and the spacing is about 50 to 500 mm, the vent hole can be closed after the low temperature solder is melted; or the vent hole is not provided, and the void formed by the 1HJ uneven surface of the coated low temperature solder or the pore of the powdered low temperature solder is used as Exhaust passage.
  • the periphery of the upper glass includes at least one edge strip frame, and the periphery of the lower glass includes at least one edge seal groove and two edge strip frames, and the edge glass groove of the lower glass is in the lower glass Between the two edge strips, the edge strip of the upper glass is inserted into the edge band of the lower glass.
  • the depth of the edge-sealing groove is preferably 0.05 to 10 mm, more preferably 0.1 to 2 mm, and the width is preferably 0.3 to 10 mm, and more preferably 2 to 6 mm.
  • the cross-section of the edge-sealing groove may be any shape, preferably a circular arc shape; the edge-sealing groove is mechanically or mechanically or laser-powered.
  • the mechanical processing method is a method of forming a groove recessed on the surface of the flat glass of any cross-sectional shape on the flat glass by mechanical grinding, mechanical cutting, machine milling, or the like; the laser processing method is utilized
  • a laser gun, a laser thinning machine, a laser engraving machine, and the like form a groove of 1HJ trapped on the surface of the flat glass in an arbitrary cross-sectional shape on the flat glass.
  • the present invention also provides a method for manufacturing a low-altitude glass, comprising: a first step of cutting two flat glass sheets of a desired size according to the shape and size of the low-altitude glass to be produced, in the periphery of the lower glass An edge sealing groove is formed at the welded portion, and the upper and lower glass are edging, chamfering, washing and drying;
  • the edge banding frame is sprayed or printed on the periphery of the upper and lower glass, and the edge banding frame of the upper glass can be embedded in the sealing groove of the lower glass, and then the two processed glass are loaded.
  • Into the mold placed in a hot bending furnace or tempering furnace, heating to a glass softening temperature of 550 ⁇ 750 ° C, relying on the gravity of the glass itself or the applied external force to make the glass down to the convex surface, and the furnace down to room temperature or tempering deal with;
  • the low-temperature solder is printed or sprayed on the edge-sealing frame and the edge-sealing groove of the glass obtained in the second step, or the low-temperature solder is directly loaded into the edge-sealing groove, and the two pieces of glass are placed up and down. Aligned and stacked together, an exhaust passage is left between the two glass, and then sent to the high temperature edge sealing furnace;
  • the high-temperature edge-sealing furnace is heated to rise above the melting temperature of the low-temperature solder; if the high-temperature edge-sealing furnace has a local heating system, the basic heating system is first heated to a base temperature, and then the local portion is activated. Heating system; reaching the sealing temperature, the low temperature solder is melted into a liquid, and the upper and lower edge strip frames are mutually fitted under the action of the glass itself; the heating is stopped, the temperature is lowered with the furnace, and the low temperature solder hermetically seals the two pieces of glass. Solder together and open the furnace door of the high temperature edger to get the low glass required.
  • the present invention further provides a method for manufacturing vacuum glass, comprising: a first step, cutting two flat glass sheets of a desired size according to the shape and size of the vacuum glass to be produced, in the periphery of the lower glass An edge sealing groove is formed at the welded portion, and the upper and lower glass are edging, chamfering, washing and drying;
  • an edge banding frame is prepared at the periphery of the upper and lower glass, and the edge banding frame of the upper glass can be embedded in the sealing groove between the edge glass strips of the lower glass; or on at least one piece of glass Printing the support, and then drying, then feeding the glass into a high temperature furnace or a tempering furnace for high temperature treatment or tempering treatment;
  • the edge banding frame and the edge sealing groove of the glass obtained in the second step are either printed or sprayed with low temperature solder, or directly filled with low temperature solder in the edge sealing groove, or printed on at least one piece of glass. Supporting, and stacking the two pieces of glass up and down together, leaving an air suction passage between the two glass, and then feeding into a vacuum edge sealing furnace;
  • the vacuum sealing furnace is subjected to vacuuming and heating operation, and vacuuming is performed below O.lPa, and the temperature is raised to above the melting temperature of the low temperature solder; if the vacuum edge sealing furnace has a local heating system, the basic heating is first performed. After the system is heated to a base temperature, the local heating system is activated; the edge sealing temperature is reached, and the low temperature solder is melted into a liquid. Under the action of the glass itself, the upper edge strip frame is embedded in the lower edge banding groove; Cooling with the furnace, the low temperature solder gas-tightly welds the two pieces of glass together, and opens the furnace door of the vacuum edge-sealing furnace to obtain the required vacuum glass.
  • the high temperature edge sealing furnace is a conventional heating furnace, and is heated by heating by an electric heating body, including a batch heating furnace and a continuous heating furnace.
  • the high-temperature edge-sealing furnace only seals one low-altitude glass at a time, or seals a plurality of low-altitude glass at the same time; when the tempered glass is prepared, the high-temperature edge-sealing furnace is provided with a basic heating system and a local heating system, and the basic heating system ⁇ The inside of the high-temperature edge-sealing furnace and the glass are heated to a base temperature by means of resistance heating or by means of circulating hot air heating; and the local heating system is used to locally heat the periphery of the glass, that is, the edge-sealing position, in a short time.
  • the low temperature solder is heated to the purpose of melting.
  • the base heating temperature ranges from 280 to 320 ° C and the local heating temperature ranges from 380 to 470 ° C.
  • the low-temperature glass solder production process includes: raw material purchase ⁇ drying room ⁇ moisture measurement ⁇ raw material acceptance ⁇ (sieving) ⁇ raw material storage ⁇ batching ⁇ mixing ⁇ feeding ⁇ firing ⁇ quenching ⁇ (drying room) ⁇ ball milling ⁇ Sieve powder ⁇ inspection ⁇ packaging ⁇ factory.
  • the production process of the low-temperature glass solder includes: according to the requirements of Table 3 in the manual, the raw materials are purchased, and the raw materials are weighed according to the ratio, and then uniformly mixed in a clean container, packed in a bag, fed, and rapidly heated.
  • the method of firing ignition, with 0. 8MPa ⁇ 1. 0MPa oil pressure, the wind pressure is gradually increased from small, let the oil fully atomized and burned.
  • the low-temperature glass solder production process includes: a clean pool filled with cold water under the furnace, when the furnace is placed in the pool, on the one hand, the cold water is continuously placed in the pool to keep the glass completely blasted.
  • the firepower can be appropriately reduced to maintain the temperature of the liquid material; the fritted glass frit is directly taken out from the cooling pool and added to the ball mill; the ratio of material to ball to water is: 1: ( 1. 3 ⁇ 2. 0): (0. 8 ⁇ 1. 2);
  • Alumina ceramic ball or natural vermiculite for ball stone, the size of ball stone is: ⁇ ( 37. 5 ⁇ 50.
  • the production process of the low-temperature glass solder comprises: adding the prepared low-temperature glass powder, adding copper powder or aluminum powder and bismuth-based fiber to a low-temperature glass ball mill, and then mixing and uniformly granulating.
  • the low-level layer (short for low-pressure air layer) or vacuum layer is naturally formed after sealing at a high temperature and falling to room temperature, and the gas pressure in the low-level layer is determined by the melting point of the low-temperature solder, generally 0.01 to 0.099 MPa, preferably 0.02 to 0.08 MPa.
  • the convex glass of the convex glass has a convex height of not less than 0.1 mm, preferably 0.1 to 200 mm.
  • the low-altitude glass may further include a middle glass, the intermediate glass is a flat glass, the intermediate glass is sandwiched between the upper glass and the lower glass, and the upper glass and the lower glass are respectively The intermediate glass forms two closed low-level layers.
  • the convex bow height of the upper and lower convex glass of the low-altitude glass is preferably 0.1 to 200 mm, further preferably 1 to 20 mm, and is preferably used as a door and window glass without protruding beyond the door and window frame.
  • the upper and lower glasses may have the same bow height, or may have different bow heights depending on actual needs.
  • the convex bow height of the convex low-altitude glass is determined by the shape and size of the glass and the use thereof. Under the premise of satisfying the atmospheric pressure and the use, the bow height is as small as possible, and is suitable for the ordinary door and window glass of 3 to 9 mm, that is, two There is a gap of 6 ⁇ 18mm between the block glasses, which is equivalent to the existing insulating glass. The approximate plane is optimal under atmospheric pressure to obtain better visual effect and reduce the cost and space occupied by the low-altitude glass.
  • the convex bow height of tempered or semi-tempered convex glass can be smaller in the same shape and size, and the tempered or semi-tempered convex glass can be flatter. Since the molding die having the upper and lower dies is used to sandwich the glass between the upper and lower dies by applying pressure, the convex glass has a more regular shape and prevents deformation during the tempering process, so the edge sealing is simpler. Sealing performance and strength are also higher.
  • the upper and lower glass have a small planar size or a large convex arch height, and can rely on the convex shape and strength of the glass itself to resist atmospheric pressure, there may be no support; when the upper and lower glasses cannot rely on When the convex shape and strength of the body are resistant to atmospheric pressure, a small amount of necessary support should be provided, and the support together with the glass together resists atmospheric pressure.
  • the low-altitude glass of the convex surface has better insulation and sound insulation.
  • the support is made of low temperature glass, metal, ceramic, glass or plastic, preferably prepared by printing a commercially available low temperature glass powder or a low temperature glass solder, and the low temperature glass powder has a melting temperature of 550 to 750 ° C.
  • the low temperature glass solder has a melting temperature of 350 to 550 °C.
  • the support is printed on a piece of glass or printed on two pieces of glass, preferably on two pieces of glass.
  • the support is columnar or strip-shaped; when the support is printed on a piece of glass, preferably cylindrical; when the support is simultaneously printed on two pieces of glass, preferably elongated, and vertically stacked put.
  • the support may be a lattice arrangement in which the smallest unit is an equilateral triangle, and the side length of the triangle is about 50 to 500 mm, preferably 100 to 300 mm; when the support is long, the length is 0.3 to 5.0 mm, preferably It is 0.5 ⁇ 2.0 mm, the width is 0.1 ⁇ 2.0mm, preferably 0.2 ⁇ 1.0mm, the height is 0.1 ⁇ 10.0mm, preferably 0.2 ⁇ 3.0mm, the height of the support can be higher than the height of the edge band 0 ⁇ 2.0 Mm, preferably 0.1 to 0.5 mm; when the support is cylindrical, the diameter is 0.1 to 3.0 mm, preferably 0.3 to 2.0 mm, the height is 0.1 to 5.0 mm, preferably 0.2 to 3.0 mm, and the height of the support can be The height of the space at which the support is located is higher than 0 to 0.3 mm, preferably 0.1 to 0.2 mm, above the upper and lower glass sheets.
  • the supports are vertically stacked and supported.
  • the top is rounded and the bottom is widened, and the upper and lower glass are still in point contact when connected through the top of the support.
  • the wire or surface contact between the support and the glass increases the contact area and reduces the tensile stress of the glass at the support, so the number of supports can be reduced, thereby further improving the transparency, heat insulation and sound insulation of the glass. performance.
  • the printing method includes stencil printing, screen printing, and printer printing; the printing method includes hard board (web) printing and soft board (net) printing, and the hard board (net) is mainly made of a metal material.
  • the board and the net are mainly boards and nets made of organic materials.
  • the support can be printed before or after hot bending of the glass, and is preferably printed with a hard plate (web) when printed after hot bending, and the top of the support can be placed on a flat surface by printing on the top of the support.
  • a hard plate web
  • the top of the support can be placed on a flat surface by printing on the top of the support.
  • it is preferably made of low-temperature glass solder.
  • the edge strip frame is made by printing or spraying, preferably by screen printing low temperature glass powder, and the low temperature glass powder is preferably a commercially available glass glaze having a melting temperature of 550 to 750 ° C; When the edge strip frame is prepared, it may be completed once or multiple times.
  • the printing method is a method of screen printing or stencil printing or a printer, and the low temperature glass powder is printed on the glass to form a rib protruding on the surface of the glass.
  • the height of the edge strip frame is preferably 0.1 to 10 mm, more preferably 0.5 to 2 mm, and the width is preferably 0.2 to 5 mm, and more preferably 1 to 2 mm.
  • a plurality of vent holes may be left on the edge strip frame, that is, perpendicular to the edge strip frame and along the edge strip
  • the number of grooves or slits in the frame is determined by the circumference of the upper and lower glasses, and the spacing is preferably about 50 to 500 mm, and the vent hole can be closed after the low temperature solder is melted;
  • the pores use the void formed by the 1HJ uneven surface of the coated low-temperature solder or the pores of the powdered low-temperature solder as the exhaust passage, but leaving the vent hole shortens the exhaust time.
  • the periphery of the upper glass includes at least one edge strip frame, and the periphery of the lower glass includes at least one edge seal groove and two edge strip frames, and the edge glass groove of the lower glass is in the lower glass Between the two edge strips, the edge strip of the upper glass is inserted into the edge band of the lower glass.
  • the depth of the edge-sealing groove is preferably 0.05 to 10 mm, more preferably 0.1 to 2 mm, and the width is preferably 0.3 to 10 mm, and more preferably 2 to 6 mm.
  • the cross-section of the edge-sealing groove may be of any shape, preferably a circular arc shape.
  • the edge sealing groove is formed by machining or laser machining, preferably by machining.
  • the machining method is a groove formed on the surface of the flat glass by forming an arbitrary cross-sectional shape on the flat glass by mechanical grinding, mechanical cutting, machine milling or the like.
  • the laser processing method is to form a groove of 1HJ trapped on the surface of the flat glass on the flat glass by using a laser gun, a laser thinning machine, a laser engraving machine or the like.
  • the lower glass when there is more than one edge strip frame of the upper glass, the lower glass includes at least one edge sealing groove, and when the lower glass contains at least two edge sealing grooves, the upper glass seal Inserting a side strip frame into the corresponding edge-sealing groove of the lower glass, the edge strip frame of the upper and lower glass and the edge-sealing groove are mutually fitted together, and performing a labyrinth seal on the low-altitude layer,
  • the edge-sealing groove is the same as the lower glass when the upper surface of the intermediate glass of the low-altitude glass having two low-altitude layers, the edge-sealing strip is framed on the lower surface of the intermediate glass, and the upper glass The same.
  • the materials of the upper glass, the lower glass and the intermediate glass are ordinary glass, or tempered glass, or semi-tempered glass, or low-emissivity glass, or tempered glass (including physical strengthening and chemical strengthening), or heat reflection. Glass, or wired glass, or calendered glass, or hot-melt glass, or a combination of any two or three of the above, further preferably tempered or semi-tempered glass, tempered glass and low combination, tempered or half A combination of tempered glass and low-emissivity tempered glass, a combination of tempered or semi-tempered glass and low-emissivity glass.
  • the high temperature edge sealing furnace is a conventional heating furnace, and is heated by heating by an electric heating body, including a batch heating furnace and a continuous heating furnace.
  • the high-temperature edge-sealing furnace can seal only one low-altitude glass at a time, and can also seal a plurality of low-altitude glass, that is, realize batch production of low-altitude glass.
  • the high temperature edge sealing furnace may have a basic heating system and a local heating system, and the basic heating system may adopt a resistance heating method such as a heating wire or an electric heating tube. , electric heating plate, etc., or by means of circulating hot air heating, heating the inside of the high temperature edge sealing furnace and the glass to a basic temperature; and then using local heating systems such as resistance heating, infrared heating, laser heating, electromagnetic heating, wave heating, etc.
  • the periphery of the glass that is, the edge-sealing position, is locally heated to heat the low-temperature solder to melt in a short time.
  • the base heating temperature is preferably in the range of 280 to 320 ° C, and the local heating temperature is preferably in the range of 380 to 470 °C.
  • the high-temperature edge-sealing furnace has a basic heating system and a local heating system, the temperature of the glass edge can be rapidly raised to the welding temperature, while the tempered or semi-tempered glass is at a lower base temperature, for a longer period of time and at a higher local temperature. In the short time, no obvious annealing will occur, so it is guaranteed to obtain tempered or semi-tempered low-altitude glass.
  • the upper glass and the lower glass of the convex low-altitude glass of the present invention utilize the convex shape of the glass to resist the atmospheric pressure, so that the two glasses are not pressed together, and the low-altitude layer between the two glass is maintained, thereby eliminating the difficulty in fabrication and installation.
  • the support without the support of the barrier, the transparency and visibility of the low-altitude glass is better; without the conduction of the support, the insulation and sound insulation of the low-altitude glass is better; the convex structure makes the glass more resistant Compressive strength and flexural strength, low-altitude glass has better wind pressure resistance; convex structure, which makes the low-altitude layer have more space, can keep the low-pressure state for a long time, and the life of the low-altitude glass is longer, even if the low air pressure is lost, Its performance is also superior to the general insulating glass.
  • the low-altitude glass of the invention has a beading frame on the periphery of the upper glass and a sealing groove on the periphery of the lower glass, so that the sealing of the low-altitude glass is simpler and more reliable, and the sealing of the edge-sealing strip frame and the edge-sealing groove
  • the sealing effect of the low-altitude glass even in the case of glass deformation is ensured, and the bonding strength between the edge-sealing strip frame and the upper glass is higher than that of the low-temperature soldering glass, and the fitting of the edge-sealing strip frame and the edge-sealing groove is increased.
  • the sealing area between the upper and lower glass and the thickness of the inner liner solve the problem that the existing low-altitude glass edge seals are uneven, greatly enhance the adhesion and adhesion strength of the sealing, and increase the sealing of the low-altitude layer between the upper and lower glass. Degree, improve the life of low-altitude glass, and realize one-step batch preparation of low-altitude glass and tempered low-altitude glass, which promotes the industrial production of low-altitude glass and tempered low-altitude glass, greatly The productivity and yield of low-altitude glass are increased, and the production cost of low-altitude glass is reduced.
  • the edge banding frame of the upper glass is embedded in the edge sealing groove of the lower glass, which not only ensures a high sealing height of the edge banding frame, but also ensures a small enough low layer thickness between the upper and lower glass to make the height of the support And the diameter can be arbitrarily small, to meet the requirements of transparency, visibility, thermal insulation performance and sound insulation performance of the low-altitude glass;
  • the edge banding frame of the upper glass is embedded in the edge-sealing groove of the lower glass, which can not only automatically adapt to the support The height of the change, and can automatically eliminate the deformation caused by the upper and lower glass at high temperatures, and can also accurately control the thickness of the low-altitude layer by designing the height of the edge-sealing frame and the depth of the edge-sealing groove; the edge band on the lower glass
  • the frame not only reduces the depth of the edge-sealing groove, but also prevents the outflow of the low-temperature solder, so that the edge is both neat and good-looking and sealed.
  • the edge-sealing frame seals the vacuum glass from the plane between the original glass and the low-temperature solder. It becomes a curved surface seal between the edge banding strip and the low-temperature solder, so the sealing performance is better; when the Low-E low-altitude glass is made, the sealing groove is opened On the surface where the Low-E film is located, the effect of the Low-E film on the welding can be effectively eliminated; or when the Low-E film of the glass welded portion is ground, the edge-sealing groove is opened by the side, and the edge-sealing frame is prepared.
  • the simplification of the process after the low temperature solder melts, the upper and lower glass are automatically closed together, and the thick solder strip ensures the reliability of the seal, thereby further simplifying the production process, increasing productivity and reducing production costs.
  • the low-altitude glass and the tempered or semi-tempered low-altitude glass prepared by the method not only have good sealing performance, but also can be industrially produced, so that the productivity and the yield of the low-altitude glass are greatly improved, and the production cost and the selling price are remarkably lowered.
  • the vacuum glass of the invention has a beading frame on the periphery of the glass and a sealing groove on the periphery of the lower glass, so that the sealing of the vacuum glass is simpler and more reliable, and the sealing of the edge banding frame and the edge sealing groove
  • the sealing effect of the vacuum glass even in the case of glass deformation is ensured, and the bonding strength between the edge banding frame and the upper glass is higher than that of the low temperature welding glass, and the fitting of the edge banding frame and the edge sealing groove is increased.
  • the sealing area between the upper and lower glass and the thickness of the inner liner solve the problem that the existing vacuum glass edge seal is uneven, greatly enhance the adhesion and adhesion strength of the sealing, and increase the sealing of the vacuum layer between the upper and lower glass.
  • the life of vacuum glass is improved, and the suction port which is difficult to manufacture and seal is omitted, and the one-step batch preparation of vacuum glass and tempered vacuum glass is realized, which promotes the industrial production of vacuum glass and tempered vacuum glass.
  • the earth improves the productivity and yield of vacuum glass, The production cost of vacuum glass is low.
  • the edge banding frame of the upper glass is embedded in the edge sealing groove of the lower glass, which not only ensures a high sealing height of the edge banding frame, but also ensures a small enough vacuum layer thickness between the upper and lower glass to make the height of the supporting object And the diameter can be arbitrarily small, to meet the requirements of vacuum glass in terms of transparency, visibility, thermal insulation performance, sound insulation performance, etc.; the edge banding frame of the upper glass is embedded in the edge sealing groove of the lower glass, which can not only automatically adapt to the support The height is changed, and the influence of the deformation of the upper and lower glass at high temperature can be automatically eliminated.
  • the thickness of the vacuum layer can be precisely controlled by designing the height of the edge frame and the depth of the edge groove; the edge band on the lower glass
  • the height of the frame is approximately equal to the height of the support, which can reduce the depth of the edge-sealing groove, prevent the outflow of the low-temperature solder, make the edge-sealing both neat and good-looking and reliable;
  • the edge-sealing frame makes the vacuum glass seal from the original glass and low temperature The flat seal between the solders becomes a curved seal between the edge strip and the low temperature solder, so the sealing performance is better; when making Low-E vacuum glass
  • the edge-sealing groove is opened on the surface of the Low-E film, which can effectively eliminate the influence of the Low-E film on the welding; or when the Low-E film of the glass-welded portion is ground, the edge-sealing groove is opened by the way, Compared with the preparation of the edge-sealing strip frame, the process is simplified; after the upper and lower glass sheets are s
  • the pumping efficiency and the vacuum degree are greatly improved; after the low-temperature solder is melted, the upper and lower glass are automatically closed together, and the thick solder strip ensures the reliability of the seal, so that the getter can be omitted in the vacuum glass, thereby further simplifying the production. Process, increase productivity and reduce production costs.
  • the vacuum glass and the tempered or semi-tempered vacuum glass prepared by the method not only have good sealing performance, but also can be industrially produced, so that the productivity and the yield of the vacuum glass are greatly improved, and the production cost and the selling price are remarkably lowered.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a convex low-altitude glass according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing a convex low-altitude glass structure with a single support of the present invention
  • 3 is a schematic view showing a convex low-altitude glass structure with double supports according to the present invention
  • 4 is a schematic view showing the structure of a convex low-altitude glass of a double low-altitude layer according to the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of a vacuum glass of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view showing the structure of a tempered vacuum glass having two layers of supports according to the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view showing the structure of a tempered vacuum glass having a double vacuum layer of the present invention.
  • the low-altitude glass is composed of two upper and lower glass, one of which is low-emissivity glass, and the manufacturing method is as follows: First, according to the shape and size of the low-altitude glass to be cut, a flat glass of a desired size and a low piece are cut. Radiant glass, open the edge-sealing groove at the surrounding weld of the lower glass, and perform edging, chamfering, cleaning and drying.
  • the low-temperature glass powder paste is printed on the upper and lower glass by the polyester mesh to form the edge banding frame; After the glass is laminated, the edge banding frame of the upper glass can be embedded in the sealing groove of the lower glass; secondly, two pieces of glass are placed in the mold, placed in a hot bending furnace, and heated to a softening temperature of 550-750 ° C.
  • the glass Relying on the gravity of the glass itself, the glass is formed into a convex surface downward and is cooled to room temperature with the furnace; if the shape of the edge banding frame changes during the sintering process, it can be smoothed by mechanical processing such as turning, grinding, etc.;
  • the edge-sealing groove of the lower glass is filled with low-temperature glass solder, and the two pieces of glass are stacked one on top of the other, leaving an exhaust passage and sent to the high-temperature edge-sealing furnace; Heating operation, heating up to the melting temperature of the low-temperature glass solder, such as 420 °C, the low-temperature glass solder is melted, and the edge banding frame of the upper glass is embedded in the edge-sealing groove of the lower glass under the action of gravity, the molten low-temperature glass solder Bonding the two pieces of glass together; stopping the heating and cooling down the furnace, the low-temperature glass solder gas-tightly welds the two pieces of
  • the sealing edge is neat and tidy, and plays a very good supporting role, so that the low temperature solder maintains a certain thickness, strengthens the sealing effect, and more importantly, the heating temperature is high, the bonding with the upper glass is more reliable, and the surface is rough. It has a stronger bond with low-temperature solder, which improves the airtightness and reliability of low-altitude glass.
  • the edge banding frame is also the key to the preparation of low-altitude glass in a one-step process. Machining the framed strip after sintering can solve the problem of affecting the appearance or use of the edge strip frame due to changes in volume and shape during the sintering and solidification process.
  • Embodiment 2 Referring to FIG. 2, one of the two glasses of the low-altitude glass is a low-emissivity glass, and the other is a tempered glass or a semi-tempered glass, and the manufacturing method is as follows: First, the required size is cut according to the shape and size of the produced low-altitude glass.
  • the edge banding frame of the upper glass can be fitted into the sealing groove of the lower glass; secondly, the upper glass is placed in a mold, placed in a hot bending furnace, and heated to a temperature at which the glass softens.
  • the furnace 550-750 ° C, relying on the gravity of the glass itself to make the glass down to the convex surface, and the furnace is cooled down to room temperature or quenched to room temperature to obtain the upper glass with the edge frame; the lower glass is loaded into the mold, and sent In the tempering furnace, the glass softens under the high temperature of 650 ⁇ 750 °C in the tempering furnace, and the glass is pressed down to the upper and lower molds to form a convex surface by the pressure applied to the upper mold.
  • the support is a circular or elliptical lattice arrangement suitable for the convex surface, which can be prepared in multiple times to adapt to the spatial variation of the convex surface;
  • the support is cylindrical, and its height is slightly higher than The height of the low-altitude layer;
  • the low-temperature glass solder is again coated in the edge-sealing groove of the lower glass, and several vent holes are left on the low-temperature glass solder, and the two pieces of glass are stacked one on top of the other, and sent
  • the high-temperature edge-sealing furnace has a basic heating system and a local heating system; finally, the heating operation is first performed by using a basic heating
  • the system such as an infrared heater, heats the low temperature glass solder to a melting temperature of 450 ° C or higher, the vent hole disappears, and the molten low temperature glass solder will be two pieces. Glass bonded together; the heating was stopped, the furnace cooling, two low-temperature glass solder glass hermetically welded together, the vertical support may also be integral sintered glass, open the door to give the desired low glass.
  • the support is made of low-temperature glass solder, which can be softened and solidified during the edge-sealing process.
  • the support is printed on the upper glass. Under the action of gravity, it can adapt to the change of the height of the low-altitude layer, ensuring that the upper and lower glass are integrated.
  • the support is printed on the lower glass, using its slightly higher height and softening during the edge-sealing process. It also ensures that the upper and lower glass are connected together to effectively support the upper and lower glass.
  • Printed support by hard net (board) The object can automatically level the deformed glass to ensure the reliability of the support.
  • the low-temperature glass powder for making the edge-sealing strip has a melting temperature much higher than that of the low-temperature solder for sealing, which is not only cheap, has good performance, but also has better bonding strength with glass; the edge-sealing frame and the edge-sealing groove of the upper and lower glass After the groove is fitted, the amount of low-temperature solder for sealing is reduced, the requirement for sealing low-temperature solder is reduced, the thickness of the inner liner is increased, the sealing strength of the upper and lower glass is increased, and more importantly, the factor can be solved.
  • the sealing problem caused by the warping deformation of the glass during the hot bending process, thereby improving the yield of the product.
  • the high-temperature edge-sealing furnace has a basic heating system and a local heating system, the temperature of the glass edge can be rapidly raised to the welding temperature, while the tempered or semi-tempered glass is at a lower base temperature, for a longer period of time and at a higher local temperature. In the short time, no obvious annealing will occur, so it is guaranteed to obtain tempered or semi-tempered low-altitude glass.
  • Embodiment 3 Referring to FIG. 3, two glasses of low-altitude glass are tempered glass or semi-tempered glass, one of which is also low-emissivity glass, and the manufacturing method is as follows: First, a piece of the required size is cut according to the shape and size of the low-altitude glass produced. Flat glass and a low-emissivity glass, the edge-sealing groove is opened at the periphery of the lower glass, and is edged, chamfered, cleaned and dried. The low-temperature glass paste is printed on the upper and lower glass by nylon mesh.
  • the edge banding frame of the upper glass can be fitted into the edge sealing groove of the lower glass; secondly, the two pieces of glass are respectively loaded into two forming molds, the forming mold has an upper mold and The lower mold, the glass is sandwiched between the upper mold and the lower mold, and can be pressed to close the upper and lower molds to form a convex surface of the glass; the molding mold with glass is placed in the tempering furnace, and the temperature is raised to the softening temperature of the glass.
  • the two pieces of glass are stacked one on top of the other, a certain exhaust passage is reserved, and sent to a high-temperature edge-sealing furnace, and the low-temperature glass solder is again coated in the edge-sealing groove of the lower glass.
  • a plurality of vent holes are left on the low-temperature glass solder, and the two pieces of glass are stacked one on top of the other and fed into a high-temperature edge-sealing furnace.
  • the high-temperature edge-sealing furnace has a basic heating system and a local heating system; First use the basic heating system, such as electric heating tube heating, to increase the base temperature to above 320 ° C, and then use a local heating system such as far infrared heater to low temperature glass Material plus Heat to the melting temperature above 430 °C, the vent hole disappears, the molten low-temperature glass solder bonds the two pieces of glass together, and the support of the upper and lower glass softens and contacts each other and overlaps into a cross shape; stops heating, cools down with the furnace, The low-temperature glass solder gas-tightly welds the two pieces of glass together, and the upper and lower supports are solidified together with the upper and lower glass, and the furnace door is opened to obtain the desired low-altitude glass.
  • the basic heating system such as electric heating tube heating
  • a local heating system such as far infrared heater to low temperature glass Material plus Heat to the melting temperature above 430 °C
  • the upper and lower glass have strip-shaped supports.
  • the supports are stacked vertically and supported.
  • the upper and lower glass are still in point contact through the support, and the support and the glass are in line or surface contact, which increases the contact area and reduces the glass.
  • the tensile stress at the support can reduce the amount of support, thereby further improving the transparency, thermal insulation and sound insulation of the glass.
  • double-layered supports not only allows the support to have a large height, but also corrects the flatness of the upper and lower glass at the same time, which is more conducive to obtaining a high degree of flatness and a more reliable support for the upper and lower glass.
  • Embodiment 4 Referring to FIG. 4, the upper and lower glass of the low-altitude glass is tempered glass or semi-tempered glass, and the middle glass is low-emissivity glass, and the manufacturing method is as follows: First, two pieces of the required size are cut according to the shape and size of the produced low-altitude glass. Flat glass and a low-emissivity glass, the edge-sealing groove is opened at the welded portion of the upper surface of the middle glass and the lower glass, and edging, chamfering, cleaning and drying are performed, and the spray gun is used around the welding surface of the upper middle and lower glass. The low-temperature glass powder paste is made into an edge-sealing strip frame.
  • the upper edge-sealing strip frame can be fitted into the lower edge-sealing groove; secondly, the upper and lower glass pieces are respectively loaded into two molding molds. Inside, the glass is sandwiched between the upper mold and the lower mold, and the mold containing the glass is placed in the tempering furnace, and the temperature is raised to the softening temperature of the glass, and the glass in the molding mold is formed into a convex surface by the pressure applied to the molding die. Immediately remove the upper mold and carry out air-cooling and tempering to obtain tempered or semi-tempered glass; the intermediate glass is directly into the high temperature furnace, and the edge banding frame is sintered in the middle.
  • the high-temperature edge-sealing furnace has a basic heating system and a local heating system; finally, the heating operation is first performed by using a basic heating system such as circulating hot air heating to raise the base temperature to above 320 ° C, and then using a local heating system such as an electric heating tube to cool the glass.
  • a basic heating system such as circulating hot air heating to raise the base temperature to above 320 ° C
  • a local heating system such as an electric heating tube to cool the glass.
  • the solder is heated to a melting temperature of 450 ° C or higher, and the molten low-temperature glass solder bonds the glass together; the heating is stopped, the temperature is lowered with the furnace, and the low-temperature glass solder gas-tightly welds the three pieces of glass together to open the furnace door to obtain the desired Low-altitude glass.
  • the vacuum glass is composed of two upper and lower glass sheets, one of which is a low-emissivity glass, and the manufacturing method is as follows: Firstly, according to the shape and size of the vacuum glass to be fabricated, A flat glass of a size and a low-emissivity glass, opening a sealing groove at the periphery of the lower glass, edging, chamfering, cleaning, drying, and using low-temperature glass paste on the upper and lower glass The edge banding frame is formed and the low temperature glass powder paste is printed on the upper or lower glass by using a polyester mesh to form a support; after the upper and lower glass are combined, the edge glass frame of the upper glass can be embedded in the edge sealing groove of the lower glass.
  • the two pieces of glass are respectively sent into the high temperature furnace, and the edge banding frame and the support are softened or melted and bonded to the glass under the high temperature of the high temperature furnace at 550 to 650 ° C, and then dropped to room temperature;
  • the shape of the edge banding frame or the support changes during the high-temperature sintering process, and can be uniformly formed by mechanical processing such as turning, grinding, etc.; again, the sealing groove between the edge-sealing strips of the lower glass is filled.
  • the low-temperature glass solder, the two pieces of glass are stacked one on top of the other, and the suction passage is left, and is sent to the vacuum sealing furnace; finally, the vacuuming and heating operations are performed, and the vacuum is evacuated to below 0.1 Pa, and the temperature is raised to
  • the melting temperature of the warm glass solder is 420 ° C or higher, the low temperature glass solder is melted, and the edge banding frame of the upper glass is embedded in the edge sealing groove of the lower glass by gravity, and the molten low temperature glass solder bonds the two pieces of glass. Together; stop heating, cool down with the furnace, low temperature glass solder gas tightly welds the two pieces of glass together, open the furnace door to get the desired vacuum glass.
  • the sealing edge is neat and tidy, and plays a very good supporting role, so that the low temperature solder maintains a certain thickness and strengthens the sealing effect.
  • the sealing frame has a high heating temperature and a more reliable bonding with the upper glass.
  • the edge banding frame and the edge sealing groove have a rough surface and a stronger combination with the low temperature solder, thereby improving the airtightness and reliability of the vacuum glass.
  • the edge strip frame and the edge seal groove are also the key to the one-step preparation of vacuum glass.
  • Machining the sintered support can solve the problem of varying sizes and affecting the appearance of the support due to changes in volume and shape during the sintering and solidification process.
  • Embodiment 6 Referring to FIG. 5, the vacuum glass is composed of two upper and lower glass, and both glass are ordinary float glass, and the manufacturing method is as follows: First, two plates of the required size are cut according to the shape and size of the vacuum glass to be fabricated. Glass, the edge-sealing groove is opened at the periphery of the lower glass, and the edging strip frame is arranged.
  • the edge-sealing strip frame of the upper glass can be embedded in the edge-sealing groove of the lower glass;
  • the edge banding frame is sintered with the glass under the high temperature of 550 ⁇ 650 °C, and then cooled to room temperature to obtain the upper and lower glass with the edge frame; the low temperature glass solder is used on the upper glass.
  • the support is the smallest unit is an equilateral triangle lattice ⁇ ij , the support is columnar; the inner glass edge groove is filled with low-temperature glass solder again, the two pieces of glass are stacked one on top of the other, and an air suction passage is left and sent to the vacuum edge sealing furnace; Finally, heating and vacuuming operation, vacuuming to below O.lPa, heating to low temperature glass solder melting temperature above 420 °C, low temperature glass solder melting, the glass edge banding frame embedded in the lower glass under the action of gravity In the edge-sealing groove, the molten low-temperature glass solder bonds the two pieces of glass together, while the support softens or melts and bonds with the upper and lower glass; stops heating, cools down with the furnace, and the low-temperature glass solder hermetically seals the two pieces of glass. Welded together, the support is also solidified with the upper and lower glass, and the furnace door is opened to obtain the desired vacuum glass.
  • the support is made of low-temperature glass solder, which can be softened and solidified during the edge-sealing process.
  • the support is printed on the upper glass. Under the action of gravity, it can adapt to the change of the height of the vacuum layer to ensure that the upper and lower glass are integrated. , the upper and lower glass are effectively supported; the edge banding frame and the edge sealing groove control the height of the vacuum layer, and the upper and lower glass are not closed due to the softening of the support.
  • Embodiment 7 Referring to FIG. 5, one of the two glasses of vacuum glass is a low-emissivity glass, and the other is a tempered glass or a semi-tempered glass, and the manufacturing method is as follows: First, the required size is cut according to the shape and size of the vacuum glass to be fabricated.
  • the edge banding frame of the upper glass can be fitted into the sealing groove of the lower glass; secondly, the upper glass is sent into the tempering furnace, and the tempering furnace is heated at a temperature of 650 to 750 ° C.
  • the edge strip frame is sintered with the glass, and then air-cooled and tempered to obtain tempered or semi-tempered glass; the low-temperature glass solder is used on the upper glass to print the support with a tensioned steel mesh or steel mesh to make the support
  • the top is on a plane to eliminate the influence of the glass tempering deformation on the flatness.
  • the minimum of the support is a lattice arrangement of equilateral triangles, and the support is cylindrical;
  • the lower glass is sent to the high temperature furnace, and the edge banding frame is sintered with the glass under the high temperature of 550 ⁇ 650 °C, and then cooled to room temperature to obtain the lower glass with the edge banding frame;
  • a low-temperature glass solder with a melting temperature of 380 ° C is placed in the side trench, and the two glasses are stacked one on top of the other, and a suction passage is reserved for feeding into a vacuum sealing furnace, and the vacuum sealing furnace has a basic heating.
  • heating and vacuuming operation first heating with basic heating system such as electric heating plate, raising the base temperature to above 300 °C, and vacuuming to below O.lPa, then using local heating system
  • basic heating system such as electric heating plate
  • the electric heating tube heats the low temperature glass solder to a melting temperature of 380 ° C or higher to reach the melting temperature of the low temperature glass solder, and the low temperature glass solder melts into a liquid, and the edge banding of the upper glass
  • the frame is embedded in the edge-sealing groove of the lower glass under the action of gravity.
  • the molten low-temperature glass solder bonds the two pieces of glass together, and the support softens or melts and bonds with the upper and lower glass; stops heating, cools down with the furnace
  • the low-temperature glass powder for making the edge-sealing strip has a melting temperature much higher than that of the low-temperature solder for sealing, which is not only cheap, has good performance, but also has better bonding strength with glass; the edge-sealing frame and the edge-sealing groove of the upper and lower glass After the groove is fitted, the amount of low-temperature solder for sealing is reduced, the requirement for sealing low-temperature solder is reduced, the thickness of the inner liner is increased, the sealing strength of the upper and lower glass is increased, and more importantly, the factor can be solved.
  • the sealing problem caused by the warpage deformation of the glass during the tempering process, thereby improving the yield of the product.
  • hard net (board) to print the support, it can automatically level the deformed tempered glass to ensure the reliability of the support; use low-temperature glass solder to make the support, soften and solidify during the edge-sealing process, and use it slightly higher The height ensures that the upper and lower glass are connected together to effectively support the upper and lower glass.
  • the vacuum edge banding furnace has a basic heating system and a local heating system, the temperature of the glass edge can be rapidly raised to the welding temperature, while the tempered or semi-tempered glass is at a lower base temperature, for a longer period of time and at a higher local temperature. In the short time, no obvious annealing will occur, so it is guaranteed to obtain tempered or semi-tempered vacuum glass.
  • Embodiment 8 Referring to FIG. 6, two glasses of vacuum glass are tempered glass or semi-tempered glass, one of which is also low-emissivity glass, and the manufacturing method is as follows: First, a piece of the required size is cut according to the shape and size of the vacuum glass to be fabricated. Flat glass and a low-emissivity glass, the edge-sealing groove is opened at the periphery of the lower glass, and is edged, chamfered, cleaned and dried. The low-temperature glass paste is printed on the upper and lower glass by nylon mesh.
  • the edge banding frame of the upper glass can be fitted into the edge sealing groove of the lower glass;
  • the support is that the smallest unit is a lattice arrangement of equilateral triangles, and the support is long Strips, the supports of the upper and lower glass are perpendicular to each other, and the support is overlapped into a cross shape after the upper and lower glass sheets are combined;
  • the two glasses are respectively sent into the tempering furnace, and the edge strip frame and the support are under the high temperature action of the tempering furnace
  • the glass is softened and bonded together, and then air-cooled and tempered to obtain tempered or semi-tempered glass.
  • the edge banding frame is Machining the support, so that the edge strip to the top frame and the support each on a plane; again filled with a low temperature glass solder edge seal groove under the glass, and vertically aligned superposed two glass Together with a certain suction gap, it is sent to the vacuum sealing furnace.
  • the vacuum sealing furnace has a basic heating system and a local heating system. Finally, the heating and vacuuming operations are performed, first using a basic heating system such as hot air heating.
  • the low-temperature glass solder is heated to a melting temperature of 430 °C or higher by a local heating system such as a far-infrared heater, and the low-temperature glass solder melts.
  • the edge banding of the glass is embedded in the edge-sealing groove of the lower glass under the action of gravity, and the molten low-temperature glass solder bonds the two pieces of glass together, and the support of the upper and lower glass contacts each other and overlaps into a cross shape; Heating, cooling with the furnace, low temperature glass solder gas-tightly welds the two pieces of glass together, opening the furnace door to obtain the required vacuum glass.
  • the upper and lower glass have strip-shaped supports.
  • the supports are stacked vertically and supported.
  • the upper and lower glass are still in point contact through the support, and the support and the glass are in line or surface contact, which increases the contact area and reduces the glass.
  • the tensile stress at the support so the number of supports can be reduced, thereby further improving the transparency, heat insulation and sound insulation of the glass; by machining the support, the influence of the glass tempering deformation is eliminated, so that the top ends are in the same plane , to ensure the reliability of the support.
  • double-layered supports not only allows the support to have a large machining space, but also corrects the flatness of the upper and lower glass at the same time, which is more conducive to obtaining high flatness and more reliable support for the upper and lower glass. .
  • Embodiment 9 Referring to FIG. 6, two pieces of glass are tempered glass or semi-tempered glass, one of which is also low-emissivity glass, and the manufacturing method is as follows: First, a flat glass of a desired size is cut according to the shape and size of the vacuum glass to be fabricated and A low-emissivity glass, opening the edge-sealing groove at the welded portion of the lower glass, and grinding, chamfering, cleaning and drying. The low-temperature glass powder paste is made into a sealing frame on the upper and lower glass by a spray gun, and the upper and lower glass are combined.
  • the edge banding frame of the upper glass can be fitted into the edge sealing groove of the lower glass; secondly, the two pieces of glass are sent into the tempering furnace, and the edge banding frame is sintered together with the glass under the high temperature of the tempering furnace.
  • the edge-sealing frame is machined, and the top end is in the same plane by cutting or grinding Simultaneous printing of the support on the upper and lower glass using low-temperature glass solder and wire mesh, the support is the smallest unit is the equilateral triangle lattice ⁇ ij
  • the support is elongated, the top end of the support is on a flat surface, the support of the upper and lower glass is perpendicular to each other, and the support is overlapped into a cross shape after the upper and lower glass are combined; the inner edge of the lower glass is filled again.
  • the vacuum edge-sealing furnace has a basic heating system and a local heating system; Heating and vacuuming, first using a basic heating system such as electric heating tube to raise the base temperature to
  • the low temperature glass solder After 330 ° C or more, and vacuuming to below 0.1 Pa, the low temperature glass solder is heated to a melting temperature of 430 ° C or more by a local heating system such as an infrared heater, and the low temperature glass solder is melted, and the edge banding of the upper glass is Under the action of gravity, it is embedded in the edge-sealing groove of the lower glass.
  • a local heating system such as an infrared heater
  • the molten low-temperature glass solder bonds the two pieces of glass together, and the support of the upper and lower glass contacts each other and overlaps into a cross shape; stopping heating, cooling with the furnace, low temperature
  • the edge banding frame is as high as possible at the beginning of the preparation. After the glass tempering, a large degree of machining can be performed to solve the problem of flatness.
  • the support is made of low-temperature glass solder, which is printed by steel mesh to solve the deformation problem of the tempered glass. With its lower sintering temperature, it can soften and solidify at a lower temperature, and with its slightly higher Its height makes it possible to reliably bond the upper and lower glass together for effective support.
  • Embodiment 10 Referring to FIG. 7, the upper and lower glass of the vacuum glass is tempered glass or semi-tempered glass, and the intermediate glass is low-emissivity glass, and the manufacturing method is as follows: First, two pieces of the required size are cut according to the shape and size of the vacuum glass to be fabricated.
  • the low temperature glass solder is printed on the machined support with a steel mesh, so that the top end of the support is in a On the surface, completely eliminate the influence of the deformation of the glass caused by the tempering on the flatness; the inner glass and the sealing groove of the lower glass are hooked into the low-temperature glass solder, and the three glasses are stacked one on top of the other, A certain pumping passage is sent to the vacuum sealing furnace.
  • the vacuum edge sealing furnace has a basic heating system and a local heating system.
  • the heating and vacuuming operations are performed, and the basic heating system, such as circulating hot air heating, is used to raise the base temperature to After 300 ° C or higher, after vacuuming to below 0.1 Pa, the low temperature glass solder is heated to a melting temperature of 400 ° C or higher by using a local heating system such as an infrared heater.
  • the upper edge strip is embedded in the underside groove under the action of gravity.
  • the molten low temperature glass solder bonds the three pieces of glass together, and the low temperature glass solder on the top of the support sticks the support to the upper, middle and lower glass. Integral; stop heating, cool down with the furnace, low temperature glass squeezing three pieces of glass are airtightly joined together, the support is solidified with the upper and lower glass, and the furnace door is opened to obtain the required vacuum glass.
  • the problem of large deformation of the tempered glass can be well solved.
  • Example 11 The specific chemical composition of the low temperature glass solder of the present invention is shown in Table 1.
  • the performance of low temperature glass powder is shown in Table 2.
  • Raw materials should not be damp, agglomerate, and must be dried in moisture. See Table 3 for specific requirements.
  • Low-temperature glass powder requires a total of six equipments. The key equipment is the converter, see Table 4.
  • the feeding cover quickly increase the oil pressure and wind pressure, start the converter again, heat the raw materials as soon as possible, after about 2 hours of heating, to 1220 ° C ⁇ 1250 ° C, keep warm for 30 min - 40 min, to the furnace After the liquid level is flat and the fluidity is good, the material can be discharged (the higher the temperature, the better, 1300 °C is the best; the faster the temperature, the better).
  • the firepower can be appropriately reduced to maintain the temperature of the liquid material (400 kg of material can be burned in one furnace; continuous firing without stopping the furnace to save energy and increase production).
  • the ball stone is made of alumina ceramic ball or natural vermiculite.
  • the size of the ball stone is: ⁇ ( 37. 5 ⁇ 50. 0) mm, the length is ( 30 ⁇ 70) mm, the ratio of the size sphere is 3: 8, the ball milling time is 22h. ⁇ 24h.
  • wet grinding use a plastic basin to pick up the material, leave it for 12h, then drain the water, and then dry the block. After passing through a 53Lm or 80Lm sieve, it can be placed in a plastic bucket (iron tools should be avoided during the manufacturing process, preferably stainless steel).
  • the glass frit is moved into the drying room, and after drying, it can be added to the ball mill ball mill.
  • the ratio of material to ball is: 1: ( 1. 8 ⁇ 2. 2).
  • the ball mill discharge must be dust-proof. It is better to seal the ball mill completely and install a stainless steel screen on the discharge port to prevent the ball from falling off and rotating.
  • the prepared low-temperature glass powder added to copper powder or aluminum powder and ruthenium-based fiber and the low-temperature glass ball mill, and then mixed and granulated, can be used in the manufacture of the low-altitude vacuum glass of the present invention.
  • the low-temperature glass solder of the invention has no crystal, has good processability and good effect.

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Description

说 明 书 条框沟槽封边低空、 真空玻璃 技术领域
本发明涉及低空玻璃或真空的加工制造， 特别是一种低空或真空玻璃的 制作方法及其产品。 背景技术
随着环保节能意识的加强， 中空玻璃得到了广泛的推广应用， 有效提高 了门窗的保温、 隔声性能。 中空玻璃的两片平板玻璃之间的距离， 即空气层 的厚度决定了保温、 隔声的效果， 空气层越厚， 则保温和隔声效果越好， 但 增加空气层的厚度会增加门窗框的厚度， 因而会增加门窗的制作成本； 其它 方法如釆用镀膜玻璃、 贴膜以及在中空玻璃中间填充惰性气体等措施， 虽有 一定的效果， 但成本 ^艮高， 不适合普遍应用。
现有的中空玻璃大都是在两片或两片以上的玻璃中间用带有干燥剂的 间隔框隔开周边用有机密封胶密封的玻璃制品。 由于有机密封胶自身含有水 分、抗老化性能较差、 气密性不好等原因， 致使中空玻璃经常发生失效现象， 严重影响了中空玻璃的使用寿命。
中空玻璃空气层中的空气被密封在两块玻璃之间， 由于外界温度的变 化， 会导致空气层的压力发生变化， 外界温度高时压力大于大气压、 玻璃外 凸， 外界温度低时压力小于大气压、 玻璃内凹， 产生所谓的 "呼吸" 现象， 从而影响中空玻璃的正常使用年限。
本发明申请人申请的专利 "凸面低空玻璃、平板低空玻璃及其制备方法" 所述低空玻璃的封边是在高温封边炉中通过封边条框将两块玻璃焊接在一 利于环境保护。
真空玻璃是一种新型节能、 环保产品， 可广泛应用于建筑物门窗、 玻璃 幕墙、 太阳能产品、 农业大棚、 冷藏拒和电冰箱等工农业领域和居民日常生 活用品中， 是优良的隔热、 隔音和装饰材料。 在真空玻璃的制作过程中， 边 缘封接的结构和技术是保证真空玻璃周边不变形、 不产生超标应力、 不漏气 和保持钢化玻璃特性的关键技术。 专利 CN94192667.2"制造真空玻璃窗的方 法"中，边缘封接结构设计成两块玻璃中上玻璃略小于下玻璃，低熔点玻璃焊 料置于两块玻璃形成的边缘台阶上， 熔化后的玻璃焊料由于毛细现象流入两 块玻璃间隙， 该方法是目前最有代表性和最具实用性的封边技术， 但具有焊 料用量大、 边缘不齐、 应力较大的缺点； 专利 CN95108228.0"真空平板玻璃 及其制造方法 "及 CN96208977.X"真空平板玻璃 "中， 釆用玻璃板边缘先行" 倒角"处理，将焊料放在倒角槽中，该方法存在布料难度大和低熔点玻璃焊料 在加热熔封时容易流失的不足；专利 CN02256440.3"真空玻璃边缘封接结构" 了焊料液的向外流失的问题， 但是工艺复杂、 助封条占用较大的空间， 也不 能解决焊料液流向玻璃内部的问题； 专利 CN200620070302.7 "全透明真空玻 璃"提出的真空玻璃的封边方法是在玻璃边缘与玻璃一起制成或经表面处理 制成封边条， 其缺点是封边条不仅制作成本高而且也不能限制低温焊料流向 玻璃内部； 专利 CN200920314752.X "真空玻璃的封边结构" 是在上片玻璃 及基片玻璃边缘之间的上片玻璃和 /或基片玻璃上制有几何形填料槽，虽然能 够提高密封填料在基片玻璃及上片玻璃之间的附着性， 但上下玻璃的填料槽 很难同时填满密封填料， 而且也不能限制密封填料的随意流动； 专利 CN201010228110.5 "一种真空玻璃边缘密封方法"是在真空玻璃原板周边放 上玻璃焊接材料， 在玻璃焊接材料的内侧设置一层由粉状或纤维状材料构成 的内防渗层， 限制玻璃焊料液流入真空玻璃内部， 与现有的技术相比， 该方 法仅是限制了玻璃焊料液流入真空玻璃内部， 未能克服其他缺点。 综上现有 封边方法的主要不足之处在于： 一是结构和工艺复杂， 不适合于机械化、 自 动化和批量化生产； 二是封边过程中抽气困难、 需要在玻璃上设置抽气口， 不适合于从玻璃的边部直接抽气。
本发明申请人在申请专利 2012100754353中利用在玻璃周边焊接处设置 封边条框克服了现有真空玻璃封边工艺中的主要缺点， 但其不足之处其一是 封边凹槽的蚀刻工艺不但不利于工人的身心健康， 也不利于环境保护； 其二 是封边条框需要一定的高度， 导致上下两块玻璃之间的真空层厚度较大， 对 于有支撑物的真空玻璃来说， 其支撑物的直径和高度就会较大， 不但支撑物 清晰可见、 而且也会传递更多的热量和声音， 从而影响真空玻璃的可视性以 及隔热和隔音性能。
现有真空玻璃一般釆用先高温封边、 再抽真空、 最后封闭抽气口的多步 生产工艺， 而且抽真空、 封闭抽气口多是单片进行。
现有真空玻璃封边所用的低温玻璃焊料其封接温度一般不小于 400°C , 在此封接温度下长时间加热玻璃， 会使钢化玻璃发生退火现象而成为普通玻 璃， 所以现有生产技术 4艮难制作出钢化真空玻璃。 发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是针对现有中空玻璃存在的缺陷， 提供一种 新型的低气压中空玻璃及其制作方法， 该方法不但制作工艺简单、 成本低、 生产效率高， 而且封接可靠、 密封效果好， 利用该方法可以一步法、 大批量 制备新型低空玻璃， 该方法不但可以制作普通低空玻璃， 尤其适合于制作钢 化低空玻璃； 所制备的低空玻璃能克服现有中空玻璃的不足， 可有效保证低 空玻璃的气密性、 延长使用寿命， 并能增加强度以及隔热、 隔音性能。 针对 现有技术存在的问题， 本发明的目的在于提供一种真空玻璃及其制作方法， 该方法不但制作工艺简单、 成本低、 生产效率高， 而且封接可靠、 密封效果 好， 利用该方法可以一步法、 大批量制备没有抽气口的新型真空玻璃， 该方 法不但可以制作普通真空玻璃， 尤其适合于制作钢化真空玻璃。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种低空或真空玻璃， 包括上玻璃、 下玻璃； 所述上玻璃是平面玻璃或凸面玻璃； 所述下玻璃是平面玻璃或凸面 玻璃， 所述上下玻璃的周边有封边条框和 /或封边沟槽， 所述上玻璃和所述下 玻璃的周边通过低温焊料焊接在一起， 所述低温焊料为低温玻璃焊料， 所述 上玻璃和所述下玻璃之间形成一个封闭的低压空气层或真空层。
所述上玻璃和所述下玻璃之间形成一个封闭的真空层， 所述真空层内有 支撑物， 所述支撑物有一层或两层。
所述低空或真空玻璃还包括一块中间玻璃， 所述中间玻璃夹在所述上玻 璃和所述下玻璃之间， 所述上玻璃和所述下玻璃分别和所述中间玻璃形成两 个封闭的氏压空气层或真空层。
所述上玻璃，所述下玻璃和 /或所述中间玻璃至少有一块是钢化或半钢化 玻璃。
所述支撑物在玻璃钢化前或玻璃钢化后制作。
所述上玻璃焊接面的周边至少有一个封边条框， 所述下玻璃焊接面的周 边至少有一个封边沟槽和两个封边条框。 根
所述封边条框釆用低温玻璃粉通过印刷或喷涂的方式制作。
所述封边沟槽釆用机械加工或激光加工的方式制作。
所述封边条框和 /或支撑物使用软网或硬网制作。
所述封边条框和 /或支撑物在固化后进行机械加工。
所述低空层是在高温下封边、 降至室温后自然形成的， 所述低空层内的 气压为 0.01〜0.099MPa, 或 0.02〜0.08MPa。
所述凸面玻璃的凸面弓高为 0.1〜200mm。
所述上、 下玻璃可以具有相同的弓高， 也可以根据实际需要有不同的弓 高。
所述低空层中， 当上、 下玻璃的平面尺寸较小或者凸面弓高较大、 能够 依靠玻璃自身的凸面形状和强度抵抗大气压时， 不设支撑物； 当上、 下玻璃 不能够依靠自身的凸面形状和强度抵抗大气压时， 设置少量必要的支撑物， 支撑物与玻璃一起共同抵抗大气压。
所述支撑物由低温玻璃、 金属、 陶瓷、 玻璃和 /或塑料制成， 釆用低温玻 璃粉或低温玻璃焊料制备， 所述低温玻璃粉的熔化温度为 550〜750°C , 所述 低温玻璃焊料的熔化温度为 350〜550°C。
所述支撑物印制在一块玻璃上， 或印制在两块玻璃上； 所述支撑物为柱 状， 或为条状； 当支撑物印制在一块玻璃上时， 为圓柱状； 当支撑物同时印 制在两块玻璃上时， 为长条状， 并垂直叠放。
所述支撑物是最小单元为等边三角形的点阵排列， 三角形的边长约为 50 - 500mm, 优选为 100 ~ 300mm; 当支撑物为长条状， 其长度为 0.3 ~ 5.0 mm、 优选为 0.5 ~ 2.0 mm, 宽度为 0.1 ~ 2.0mm、 优选为 0.2 ~ 1.0mm, 高度 为 0.1 ~ 10.0mm, 优选为 0.2 ~ 3.0mm, 支撑物的高度可高于封边条框的高度 0 ~ 2.0mm,优选为 0.1 ~ 0.5mm; 当支撑物为圓柱状， 其直径为 0.1 ~ 3.0mm, 优选为 0.3 ~ 2.0mm, 高度为 0.1 ~ 5.0 mm、 优选为 0.2 ~ 3.0mm, 支撑物的高 度可以高于上下两块玻璃合片后支撑物所在位置空间高度 0 ~ 0.3 mm、 优选 为 0.1 ~ 0.2mm。
所述上、 下玻璃均有条状支撑物时， 支撑物垂直叠放支撑， 支撑物在熔 融烧结过程中， 上下玻璃通过支撑物的顶部连接时为点接触， 而支撑物与玻 璃之间为线或面接触。
所述印刷方式包括模板印刷、 丝网印刷或打印机打印； 所述印刷方式包 括硬板 (网）印刷和软板 (网）印刷， 所述硬板 (网）是金属材料制成的板、 网， 所述软板 (网）是有机材料制成的板、 网。
所述封边条框上设置有数个排气孔， 即垂直于封边条框、 并沿封边条框 均匀分布的沟槽或狭缝，数量由上、下玻璃的周长决定， 间距约 50 ~ 500mm, 在所述低温焊料熔化后能够封闭所述排气孔； 或不设置排气孔， 利用涂覆的 低温焊料的 1HJ凸不平的表面所形成的空隙或粉末状低温焊料的孔隙作为排 气通道。
所述上玻璃的周边至少含有一个封边条框， 所述下玻璃的周边至少含有 一个封边沟槽和两个封边条框， 所述下玻璃的封边沟槽在所述下玻璃的两个 封边条框之间， 所述上玻璃的封边条框插在所述下玻璃的封边沟槽内。
所述封边沟槽的深度优选为 0.05 ~ 10mm, 进一步优选为 0.1 ~ 2mm, 宽 度优选为 0.3 ~ 10mm, 进一步优选为 2 ~ 6mm。
所述封边沟槽的横截面可为任意形状， 优选圓弧形； 所述封边沟槽由机 械力口工或激光力。工而成， 优选机械加工方式； 所述机械加工方式是利用机械 研磨、 机械切削、 机铣等在平板玻璃上形成任意截面形状的凹陷于平板玻璃 表面的沟槽； 所述激光加工方式是利用激光枪、 激光减薄机、 激光雕刻机等 设备在平板玻璃上形成任意截面形状的 1HJ陷于平板玻璃表面的沟槽。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明还提供了一种低空玻璃的制作方法， 包括： 第一步， 根据所需要制作的低空玻璃的形状和大小切割所需尺寸的两块 平板玻璃， 在下玻璃的周边焊接处开设封边沟槽， 并对上下两块玻璃进行磨 边、 倒角、 清洗和干燥处理；
第二步， 在上下玻璃的周边焊接处喷涂或印制封边条框， 并使上玻璃的 封边条框能够嵌于下玻璃的封边沟槽内， 然后将两块处理后的玻璃装入模 具、 放在热弯炉或钢化炉中， 升温至玻璃软化的温度 550 ~ 750°C , 依靠玻璃 自身的重力或施加的外力使玻璃向下形成凸面， 并随炉降至室温或进行钢化 处理；
第三步， 将第二步获得的玻璃的封边条框和封边沟槽处印制或喷涂低温 焊料， 或直接在封边沟槽内装入低温焊料， 并将所述两块玻璃上下对齐叠放 在一起， 两玻璃之间留有排气通道， 然后送入高温封边炉中；
第四步， 对所述高温封边炉进行加热操作， 升温至低温焊料的熔融温度 以上； 若高温封边炉有局部加热系统， 则先通过基础加热系统加热至一基础 温度后， 再启动局部加热系统； 达到封边温度， 低温焊料熔化成液体， 在玻 璃自身重力的作用下， 上下封边条框互相嵌合在一起； 停止加热、 随炉降温， 低温焊料将两块玻璃气密性地焊接在一起， 打开高温封边炉的炉门得到所需 的低空玻璃。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明又提供了一种真空玻璃的制作方法， 包括： 第一步， 根据所需要制作的真空玻璃的形状和大小切割所需尺寸的两块 平板玻璃， 在下玻璃的周边焊接处开设封边沟槽， 并对上下两块玻璃进行磨 边、 倒角、 清洗和干燥处理；
第二步， 在上下玻璃的周边焊接处制备封边条框， 并使上玻璃的封边条 框能够嵌于下玻璃的封边条框之间封边沟槽内； 或在至少一块玻璃上印制支 撑物， 然后经干燥后， 将玻璃送入高温炉或钢化炉中进行高温处理或钢化处 理；
第三步， 将第二步获得的玻璃的封边条框和封边沟槽处或印制或喷涂低 温焊料， 或直接在封边沟槽内装入低温焊料， 或在至少一块玻璃上印制支撑 物， 并将所述两块玻璃上下对齐叠放在一起， 两玻璃之间留有抽气通道， 然 后送入真空封边炉中；
第四步， 对所述真空封边炉进行抽真空和加热操作， 抽真空至 O.lPa以 下， 升温至低温焊料的熔融温度以上； 若真空封边炉有局部加热系统， 则先 通过基础加热系统加热至一基础温度后， 再启动局部加热系统； 达到封边温 度， 低温焊料熔化成液体， 在玻璃自身重力的作用下， 上部的封边条框嵌入 下部的封边沟槽中； 停止加热、 随炉降温， 低温焊料将两块玻璃气密性地焊 接在一起， 打开真空封边炉的炉门得到所需的真空玻璃。
所述高温封边炉是常规加热炉， 通过电热体加热升温， 包括间歇式加热 炉和连续式加热炉。 所述高温封边炉每次只封接一块低空玻璃， 或同时封接多块低空玻璃； 当制备的是钢化玻璃时， 高温封边炉设置有基础加热系统和局部加热系统， 基础加热系统釆用电阻加热的方式， 或釆用循环热风加热的方式， 将高温封 边炉内部及玻璃加热至一基础温度； 再利用局部加热系统对玻璃的周边即封 边位置进行局部加热， 达到在短时间内将低温焊料加热至熔融的目的。
所述基础加热温度的范围为 280 ~ 320°C , 所述局部加热温度的范围为 380 ~ 470°C。
所述低温玻璃焊料的生产工艺流程包括： 原料购进→ 烘房→ 测水分→ 原料验收→( 过筛）→ 原料库→ 配料→ 混和→ 加料→ 烧成→ 急冷→ ( 烘房） → 球磨→ 筛粉→ 检验→ 包装→出厂。
所述低温玻璃焊料的生产工艺流程包括： 按说明书中表 3 的要求， 选购 原料，按配比要求称量后,在一干净的容器中混合均匀， 分袋装好， 加料， 釆 取快速升温的办法烧制： 点火， 用 0. 8MPa ~ 1. 0MPa 的油压，风压由小逐步 调大， 让油充分雾化燃烧即可。 边转动炉子， 边将空炉烧至 1100°C以上，停 炉打开加料口,加入配好的原料（ 高温投料） ， 防止有效物质的挥发，保证有效 物质的含量稳定； 盖好加料盖， 快速加大油压、风压， 再一次启动转炉，尽快 将原料加热， 经过约 2h 的加热，到 1220°C ~ 1250°C时，保温 30min ~ 40min, 到炉内见衬， 液面平整， 流动性好后， 即可出料。
所述低温玻璃焊料的生产工艺流程包括： 炉子下面有一盛满冷水的干净 池， 当停炉将热料放入池中时， 一方面要不断往池中放入冷水， 保持玻璃液 完全炸开、 炸碎， 另一方面可适当减小火力， 以维持液料的温度； 将炸开的 玻璃料直接从冷却池中取出加入球磨机；料、球、水之比为： 1： ( 1. 3 ~ 2. 0)： ( 0. 8 ~ 1. 2) ； 球石用氧化铝瓷球或天然燧石，球石尺寸为： <( 37. 5 ~ 50. 0) mm, 长度为（ 30 ~ 70) mm,大小球之比为 3： 8, 球磨时间为 22h ~ 24h。 湿磨 时,用塑料盆接料，放置 12h后放掉清水， 再将块料烘干； 将料过 53um或 80um 筛后， 装入塑料桶内。
所述低温玻璃焊料的生产工艺流程包括： 将制好的低温玻璃粉， 加入铜 粉或铝粉及曱基纤维等与低温玻璃球磨后再混和均匀造粒。
所述低空层（低压空气层的简称）或真空层是在高温下封边、 降至室温 后自然形成的， 所述低空层内的气压由低温焊料的熔点决定， 一般为 0.01〜0.099MPa, 优选为 0.02〜0.08MPa。
所述凸面玻璃的凸面弓高不小于 0.1mm, 优选为 0.1〜200mm。
所述低空玻璃还可以包括一块中间玻璃， 所述中间玻璃是平面玻璃， 所 述中间玻璃夹在所述上玻璃和所述下玻璃之间， 所述上玻璃和所述下玻璃分 别和所述中间玻璃形成两个封闭的低空层。
所述低空玻璃的上、 下两块凸面玻璃的凸面弓高优选为 0.1 ~ 200mm , 进一步优选为 l ~ 20mm, 用作门窗玻璃时以不突出于门窗框之外为宜。
所述上、 下玻璃可以具有相同的弓高， 也可以根据实际需要有不同的弓 高。
所述凸面低空玻璃的凸面弓高由玻璃的形状和大小及用途决定， 在满足 抵抗大气压和用途的前提下， 弓高尽量小些，用于普通门窗玻璃时以 3〜9mm 为宜， 即两块玻璃之间有 6〜18mm的空隙， 相当于现有的中空玻璃， 在大气 压下近似平面为最佳， 以获得较好的视觉效果以及减小所述低空玻璃的成本 和占用的空间。
由于钢化和半钢化玻璃有更高的强度， 所以在相同的形状和尺寸下， 钢 化或半钢化凸面玻璃的凸面弓高可以更小些， 钢化或半钢化凸面玻璃可以更 扁平些。 由于利用具有上、 下模具的成型模具、 将玻璃夹在上、 下模具之间 依靠施加压力成型， 所以凸面玻璃具有更规则的形状， 并防止在钢化过程中 的变形， 所以封边更简单， 密封性能和强度也更高。
所述低空层中， 当上、 下玻璃的平面尺寸较小或者凸面弓高较大、 能够 依靠玻璃自身的凸面形状和强度抵抗大气压时， 可以不设支撑物； 当上、 下 玻璃不能够依靠自身的凸面形状和强度抵抗大气压时， 应设置少量必要的支 撑物， 支撑物与玻璃一起共同抵抗大气压。
没有了支撑物的阻挡， 凸面低空玻璃的透明度和可视度更好； 没有了支 撑物的传导， 凸面低空玻璃的隔热和隔音性能更佳。
所述支撑物由低温玻璃、 金属、 陶瓷、 玻璃或塑料制成， 优选釆用印刷 市售的低温玻璃粉或低温玻璃焊料制备， 所述低温玻璃粉的熔化温度为 550〜750°C , 所述低温玻璃焊料的熔化温度为 350〜550°C。
所述支撑物印制在一块玻璃上， 或印制在两块玻璃上， 优选印制在两块 玻璃上。 所述支撑物为柱状， 或为条状； 当支撑物印制在一块玻璃上时， 优选为 圓柱状； 当支撑物同时印制在两块玻璃上时， 优选为长条状， 并垂直叠放。
所述支撑物可以是最小单元为等边三角形的点阵排列， 三角形的边长约 为 50 ~ 500mm, 优选为 100 ~ 300mm; 当支撑物为长条状， 其长度为 0.3 ~ 5.0 mm, 优选为 0.5 ~ 2.0 mm, 宽度为 0.1 ~ 2.0mm、 优选为 0.2 ~ 1.0mm, 高 度为 0.1 ~ 10.0mm, 优选为 0.2 ~ 3.0mm, 支撑物的高度可高于封边条框的高 度 0 ~ 2.0mm、优选为 0.1 ~ 0.5mm;当支撑物为圓柱状，其直径为 0.1 ~ 3.0mm、 优选为 0.3 ~ 2.0mm, 高度为 0.1 ~ 5.0 mm、 优选为 0.2 ~ 3.0mm, 支撑物的高 度可以高于上下两块玻璃合片后支撑物所在位置空间高度 0 ~ 0.3 mm、 优选 为 0.1 ~ 0.2mm。
所述上、 下玻璃均有条状支撑物时， 支撑物垂直叠放支撑， 支撑物在熔 融烧结过程中， 顶部变圓、 底部变宽， 上下玻璃通过支撑物的顶部连接时仍 为点接触， 而支撑物与玻璃之间为线或面接触， 增大了接触面积， 减小了玻 璃在支撑处的张应力， 所以可以减少支撑物的数量， 从而进一步提高玻璃的 透明度、 隔热和隔音性能。
所述印刷方式包括模板印刷、 丝网印刷和打印机打印等方式； 所述印刷 方式包括硬板 (网） 印刷和软板 (网） 印刷， 所述硬板 (网）主要是金属材 料制成的板、 网， 所述软板（网）主要是有机材料制成的板、 网。
所述支撑物可在玻璃热弯前或热弯后印制， 热弯后印制时优选釆用硬板 (网） 印制， 硬板（网） 印刷可以使支撑物的顶部处于一个平面上， 以消除 玻璃热弯变形带来的对玻璃平整度的影响； 当所述支撑物在玻璃热弯后印制 时， 优选低温玻璃焊料制成。
所述封边条框通过印刷或喷涂等方式制成， 优选釆用丝网印刷低温玻璃 粉制成， 所述低温玻璃粉优选为市售的熔融温度为 550〜750°C的玻璃釉料； 所述封边条框制备时， 可以是一次完成， 也可以是多次完成。
所述印刷方式是釆用丝网印刷或模板印刷或打印机等方法， 将低温玻璃 粉印在玻璃上形成凸起于玻璃表面的凸棱。
所述封边条框的高度优选为 0.1 ~ 10mm, 进一步优选为 0.5 ~ 2mm, 宽 度优选为 0.2 ~ 5mm, 进一步优选为 1 ~ 2mm。
所述封边条框上可以留有数个排气孔， 即垂直于封边条框、 并沿封边条 框均勾分布的沟槽或狭缝，数量由上、下玻璃的周长决定，间距约 50 ~ 500mm 为宜， 在所述低温焊料熔化后能够封闭所述排气孔； 也可以不留排气孔， 利 用涂覆的低温焊料的 1HJ凸不平的表面所形成的空隙或粉末状低温焊料的孔 隙作为排气通道， 但留有排气孔会缩短排气时间。
所述上玻璃的周边至少含有一个封边条框， 所述下玻璃的周边至少含有 一个封边沟槽和两个封边条框， 所述下玻璃的封边沟槽在所述下玻璃的两个 封边条框之间， 所述上玻璃的封边条框插在所述下玻璃的封边沟槽内。
所述封边沟槽的深度优选为 0.05 ~ 10mm, 进一步优选为 0.1 ~ 2mm, 宽 度优选为 0.3 ~ 10mm, 进一步优选为 2 ~ 6mm。
所述封边沟槽的横截面可为任意形状， 优选圓弧形。
所述封边沟槽由机械加工或激光加工而成， 优选机械加工方式。
所述机械加工方式是利用机械研磨、 机械切削、 机铣等在平板玻璃上形 成任意截面形状的 陷于平板玻璃表面的沟槽。
所述激光加工方式是利用激光枪、 激光减薄机、 激光雕刻机等设备在平 板玻璃上形成任意截面形状的 1HJ陷于平板玻璃表面的沟槽。
其中， 当所述上玻璃的封边条框多于一个时， 所述下玻璃至少含有一个 封边沟槽， 当所述下玻璃至少含有两个封边沟槽时， 所述上玻璃的封边条框 插在相应的所述下玻璃的封边沟槽中， 所述上、 下玻璃的封边条框与封边沟 槽相互嵌合在一起， 对低空层实行迷宫式密封， 所述封边沟槽在具有两个低 空层的低空玻璃的中间玻璃的上表面时， 与所述下玻璃的相同， 所述封边条 框在所述中间玻璃的下表面时， 与所述上玻璃的相同。
所述上玻璃、 下玻璃和中间玻璃的材料是普通玻璃、 或是钢化玻璃、 或 是半钢化玻璃、或是低辐射玻璃、或是强化玻璃（包括物理强化和化学强化）、 或是热反射玻璃、 或是夹丝玻璃、 或是压延玻璃、 或是热熔玻璃， 或是以上 任两种或三种玻璃的组合， 进一步优选为钢化或半钢化玻璃、 强化玻璃和低 组合、 钢化或半钢化玻璃与低辐射强化玻璃的组合、 钢化或半钢化玻璃与低 辐射玻璃的组合。
其中， 所述高温封边炉是常规加热炉， 通过电热体加热升温， 包括间歇 式加热炉和连续式加热炉。 其中， 所述高温封边炉可以每次只封接一块低空玻璃， 也可以封接多块 低空玻璃， 即实现低空玻璃的批量化生产。
当制备的是钢化玻璃时， 为解决因焊接温度过高而退火的问题， 高温封 边炉可以具有基础加热系统和局部加热系统， 基础加热系统可釆用电阻加热 的方式如电热丝、 电热管、 电热板等， 或釆用循环热风加热的方式， 将高温 封边炉内部及玻璃加热至一基础温度； 再利用局部加热系统如电阻加热、 红 外线加热、 激光加热、 电磁加热、 波加热等方式对玻璃的周边即封边位置 进行局部加热， 达到在短时间内将低温焊料加热至熔融的目的。
所述基础加热温度的范围优选为 280 ~ 320°C ,所述局部加热温度的范围 优选为 380 ~ 470°C。
由于高温封边炉具有基础加热系统和局部加热系统， 可以使玻璃边缘的 温度快速升温至焊接温度， 而钢化或半钢化玻璃在较低的基础温度下、 较长 时间内和较高的局部温度、 较短的时间内不会发生明显的退火现象， 所以可 以保证得到钢化或半钢化低空玻璃。
本发明的有益效果是：
本发明的凸面低空玻璃的上玻璃和下玻璃利用玻璃的凸面形状来抵抗 大气压， 使两块玻璃不会压合在一起、 保持两玻璃之间的低空层， 省去了制 作和安装难度艮大的支撑物； 没有了支撑物的阻挡， 低空玻璃的透明度和可 视度更好； 没有了支撑物的传导， 低空玻璃的隔热和隔音性能更佳； 凸面结 构， 使玻璃有更高的抗压强度和抗弯强度， 低空玻璃的抗风压性能更好； 凸 面结构， 使低空层有更大的空间， 更能长时间保持低气压状态、 低空玻璃的 寿命更长， 即使失去低气压， 其性能也优于一般的中空玻璃。
本发明的低空玻璃其上玻璃的周边有封边条框、 下玻璃的周边有封边沟 槽， 使得低空玻璃的封边更简便、 更可靠， 封边条框与封边沟槽的嵌合保证 了低空玻璃即使在玻璃变形的情况下的密封效果， 封边条框与上玻璃之间具 有比低温焊接玻璃更高的结合强度， 封边条框与封边沟槽的嵌合增大了上下 玻璃之间的密封面积和气密层厚度， 解决了现有低空玻璃边缘密封参差不齐 的问题， 大大加强了封接的附着力和附着强度， 增加了上、 下玻璃之间低空 层的密封度， 提高了低空玻璃的寿命， 并可实现一步法批量化制备低空玻璃 和钢化低空玻璃， 促进了低空玻璃和钢化低空玻璃的工业化生产， 极大地提 高了低空玻璃的生产率和合格率、 降低了低空玻璃的生产成本。 上玻璃的封 边条框嵌入下玻璃的封边沟槽中， 不但保证封边条框有足够高的密封高度， 而且保证了上下玻璃之间有足够小的低空层厚度， 使支撑物的高度和直径可 以任意小， 满足低空玻璃在透明度、 可视性、 隔热性能、 隔音性能等方面的 要求； 上玻璃的封边条框嵌入下玻璃的封边沟槽中， 不但可以自动适应支撑 物的高度变化， 而且可以自动消除上下玻璃在高温下导致的变形的影响， 还 可以通过设计封边条框的高度和封边沟槽的深度精确控制低空层的厚度； 下 玻璃上的封边条框不但可以降低封边沟槽的深度， 而且能够防止低温焊料的 外流， 使封边既整齐好看又密封可靠； 封边条框使真空玻璃的密封由原来的 玻璃与低温焊料之间的平面密封变为封边条框与低温焊料之间的曲面密封， 因而密封性能更好； 当制作 Low-E低空玻璃时， 封边沟槽开设在 Low-E膜 所在的表面， 可以有效消除 Low-E膜对焊接的影响； 或者说在磨去玻璃焊接 处的 Low-E膜时， 顺便开设封边沟槽， 与制备封边条框相比简化了工艺； 低 温焊料融化后， 上下玻璃自动闭合在一起， 厚实的焊料带保证了密封的可靠 性， 从而进一步简化生产工艺、 提高生产率和减低生产成本。
釆用在高温封边炉内自动封边的方式， 简化了工艺过程、 减低了生产成 本、 缩短了生产周期、 提高了生产效率， 实现低空玻璃尤其是钢化或半钢化 低空玻璃的一步法、 批量化生产。
由此方法制备的低空玻璃和钢化或半钢化低空玻璃， 不仅密封性能好， 而且能够工业化生产， 使低空玻璃的生产率和合格率大大提高、 生产成本和 销售价格显著降低。
本发明的真空玻璃其上玻璃的周边有封边条框、 下玻璃的周边有封边沟 槽， 使得真空玻璃的封边更简便、 更可靠， 封边条框与封边沟槽的嵌合保证 了真空玻璃即使在玻璃变形的情况下的密封效果， 封边条框与上玻璃之间具 有比低温焊接玻璃更高的结合强度， 封边条框与封边沟槽的嵌合增大了上下 玻璃之间的密封面积和气密层厚度， 解决了现有真空玻璃边缘密封参差不齐 的问题， 大大加强了封接的附着力和附着强度， 增加了上、 下玻璃之间真空 层的密封度， 提高了真空玻璃的寿命， 并可省去制作和密封难度极大的抽气 口， 实现了一步法批量化制备真空玻璃和钢化真空玻璃， 促进了真空玻璃和 钢化真空玻璃的工业化生产， 极大地提高了真空玻璃的生产率和合格率、 降 低了真空玻璃的生产成本。 上玻璃的封边条框嵌入下玻璃的封边沟槽中， 不 但保证封边条框有足够高的密封高度， 而且保证了上下玻璃之间有足够小的 真空层厚度， 使支撑物的高度和直径可以任意小， 满足真空玻璃在透明度、 可视性、 隔热性能、 隔音性能等方面的要求； 上玻璃的封边条框嵌入下玻璃 的封边沟槽中， 不但可以自动适应支撑物的高度变化， 而且可以自动消除上 下玻璃在高温下导致的变形的影响， 还可以通过设计封边条框的高度和封边 沟槽的深度精确控制真空层的厚度； 下玻璃上的封边条框其高度约等于支撑 物的高度， 可以降低封边沟槽的深度， 防止低温焊料的外流， 使封边既整齐 好看又密封可靠； 封边条框使真空玻璃的密封由原来的玻璃与低温焊料之间 的平面密封变为封边条框与低温焊料之间的曲面密封， 因而密封性能更好； 当制作 Low-E真空玻璃时， 封边沟槽开设在 Low-E膜所在的表面， 可以有 效消除 Low-E膜对焊接的影响； 或者说在磨去玻璃焊接处的 Low-E膜时， 顺便开设封边沟槽， 与制备封边条框相比简化了工艺； 上下玻璃合片后由于 低温焊料的支撑， 上下玻璃之间有较大空间、 周边也有较大的缝隙， 所以抽 气阻力很小， 再加之高温抽气， 因而抽气效率和真空度会大大提高； 低温焊 料融化后， 上下玻璃自动闭合在一起， 厚实的焊料带保证了密封的可靠性， 所以真空玻璃中可以省去吸气剂， 从而进一步简化生产工艺、 提高生产率和 减低生产成本。
釆用在真空封边炉内自动封边的方式， 省去制作和密封难度艮大的抽气 口和抽气管， 简化了工艺过程、 减低了生产成本、 缩短了生产周期、 提高了 生产效率， 实现真空玻璃尤其是钢化或半钢化真空玻璃的一步法、 批量化生 产。
由此方法制备的真空玻璃和钢化或半钢化真空玻璃， 不仅密封性能好， 而且能够工业化生产， 使真空玻璃的生产率和合格率大大提高、 生产成本和 销售价格显著降低。 附图说明
图 1为本发明的凸面低空玻璃结构示意图；
图 2为本发明的具有单支撑物的凸面低空玻璃结构示意图；
图 3为本发明的具有双支撑物的凸面低空玻璃结构示意图； 图 4为本发明的双低空层的凸面低空玻璃结构示意图。
图 5为本发明的真空玻璃结构示意图；
图 6为本发明的具有两层支撑物的钢化真空玻璃结构示意图；
图 7为本发明的具有双真空层的钢化真空玻璃结构示意图。
图中： 1.上玻璃， 2.下玻璃， 3.低温焊料， 4.封边条框， 5.封边沟槽， 6. 支撑物， 7.中间玻璃。 具体实施方式
以下釆用实施例和附图来详细说明本发明的实施方式， 借此对本发明如 何应用技术手段来解决技术问题， 并达成技术效果的实现过程能充分理解并 据以实施。
实施例 1 : 参见图 1 , 低空玻璃由上下两块玻璃组成， 其中一块是低辐 射玻璃， 其制作方法如下： 首先根据所制作低空玻璃的形状和大小切割所需 尺寸的一块平板玻璃和一块低辐射玻璃， 在下玻璃的周边焊接处开设封边沟 槽， 并进行磨边、 倒角和清洗、 干燥， 在上下玻璃上利用聚酯丝网将低温玻 璃粉膏印制成封边条框； 上下玻璃合片后， 上玻璃的封边条框能够嵌入下玻 璃的封边沟槽内； 其次将两块玻璃装入模具、 放在热弯炉中， 升温至玻璃软 化的温度 550-750°C , 依靠玻璃自身的重力使玻璃向下形成凸面， 并随炉降 至室温； 若封边条框在烧结过程中形状发生变化， 可通过机械加工的方式如 车削、 研磨等使其平整； 再次将下玻璃的封边沟槽内装满低温玻璃焊料， 将 两块玻璃上下对齐叠放在一起， 并留有排气通道， 送入高温封边炉中； 最后 进行加热操作， 升温至低温玻璃焊料的熔融温度以上如 420 °C , 低温玻璃焊 料熔化， 上玻璃的封边条框在重力的作用下嵌入下玻璃的封边沟槽内， 熔融 的低温玻璃焊料将两块玻璃粘接在一起； 停止加热、 随炉降温， 低温玻璃焊 料将两块玻璃气密性地焊接在一起， 打开炉门得到所需的低空玻璃。 动、 使封边整齐好看， 而且起到很好的支撑作用， 使低温焊料保持一定的厚 度、 强化密封效果， 更重要的是其加热温度高、 与上玻璃有更可靠的粘结， 表面粗糙、 与低温焊料有更牢固的结合， 从而提高低空玻璃的气密性和可靠 性。 此外， 封边条框也是一步法制备低空玻璃的关键。 对烧结后封边条框进行机械加工可以解决封边条框在烧结固化过程中 因体积和形状的变化而影响美观或使用的问题。
实施例 2: 参见图 2, 低空玻璃的两块玻璃中一块为低辐射玻璃， 另一 块为钢化玻璃或半钢化玻璃， 其制作方法如下： 首先根据所制作低空玻璃的 形状和大小切割所需尺寸的一块平板玻璃和一块低辐射玻璃， 在下玻璃的周 边焊接处开设封边沟槽， 并进行磨边、 倒角和清洗、 干燥， 利用喷枪将低温 玻璃粉膏喷涂在上下玻璃上制成封边条框， 上下玻璃合片后， 上玻璃的封边 条框能够嵌合于下玻璃的封边沟槽内； 其次将上玻璃装入模具、 放在热弯炉 中， 升温至玻璃软化的温度 550-750°C , 依靠玻璃自身的重力使玻璃向下形 成凸面， 并随炉降至室温或急冷至室温令其强化， 得到具有封边条框的上玻 璃； 将下玻璃装入模具、 送入钢化炉中， 在钢化炉 650〜750°C的高温作用下 玻璃软化， 依靠施加在上模具上的压力使玻璃向下依靠上下模具形成凸面， 随即进行风冷钢化， 得到钢化或半钢化玻璃； 在上或下玻璃上釆用低温玻璃 焊料利用张紧的钢丝网或钢板网印制支撑物， 使支撑物的顶部在一个平面 上， 以消除玻璃变形对平整度的影响， 支撑物为与凸面相适应的圓形或椭圓 形点阵排列， 可分多次制备， 以适应凸面的空间变化； 支撑物为圓柱状， 其 高度略高于所处低空层的高度； 再次将下玻璃的封边沟槽内均勾涂布低温玻 璃焊料， 低温玻璃焊料上均勾留有数个排气孔， 并将两块玻璃上下对齐叠放 在一起，送入高温封边炉中， 高温封边炉具有基础加热系统和局部加热系统； 最后进行加热操作， 先利用基础加热系统如电加热丝加热， 使基础温度升至 300 °C以上， 再利用局部加热系统如红外线加热器将低温玻璃焊料加热至熔 融温度 450°C以上， 排气孔消失， 熔融的低温玻璃焊料将两块玻璃粘接在一 起； 停止加热、 随炉降温， 低温玻璃焊料将两块玻璃气密性地焊接在一起， 支撑物也与上下玻璃烧结成一体， 打开炉门得到所需的低空玻璃。
使用低温玻璃焊料制作支撑物， 在封边过程中能够软化、 固化， 支撑物 印制在上玻璃上， 在重力的作用下可以艮好地适应低空层高度的变化， 确保 将上下玻璃连为一体； 支撑物印制在下玻璃上， 利用其略高的高度以及在封 边过程中能够软化， 也可以确保将上下玻璃连为一体， 使上下玻璃得到有效 支撑； 利用硬网 （板） 印制支撑物， 可以自动找平变形的玻璃， 保证支撑的 可靠性。 制作封边条框的低温玻璃粉其熔融温度远高于封边用的低温焊料， 不仅 价格便宜、 性能好， 而且与玻璃有更好的结合强度； 上下玻璃的封边条框和 封边沟槽嵌合后， 不仅减少了封边低温焊料的用量、 降低了对封边低温焊料 的要求， 而且增大了气密层厚度、 提高了上下玻璃的封接强度， 更重要的是 可以解决因玻璃在热弯过程中产生的翘曲变形而带来的密封问题， 从而提高 产品的合格率。
由于高温封边炉具有基础加热系统和局部加热系统， 可以使玻璃边缘的 温度快速升温至焊接温度， 而钢化或半钢化玻璃在较低的基础温度下、 较长 时间内和较高的局部温度、 较短的时间内不会发生明显的退火现象， 所以可 以保证得到钢化或半钢化低空玻璃。
实施例 3: 参见图 3 , 低空玻璃的两块玻璃为钢化玻璃或半钢化玻璃， 其中一块还是低辐射玻璃， 其制作方法如下： 首先根据所制作低空玻璃的形 状和大小切割所需尺寸的一块平板玻璃和一块低辐射玻璃， 在下玻璃的周边 焊接处开设封边沟槽， 并进行磨边、 倒角和清洗、 干燥， 在上下玻璃上利用 尼龙丝网将低温玻璃粉膏印制成封边条框， 上下玻璃合片后， 上玻璃的封边 条框能够嵌合于下玻璃的封边沟槽内； 其次将两块玻璃分别装入两个成型模 具内， 该成型模具具有上模具和下模具， 玻璃夹在上模具和下模具之间， 并 能施压使上、 下模具闭合， 从而使玻璃形成凸面； 将装有玻璃的成型模具放 在钢化炉中， 升温至玻璃软化的温度， 依靠施加于成型模具上的压力使成型 模具中的玻璃形成凸面， 随即移去上模具并进行风冷钢化， 得到钢化或半钢 化玻璃； 在上下玻璃上釆用低温玻璃焊料利用张紧的钢丝网或钢板网印制支 撑物， 使支撑物的顶部在一个平面上， 以消除玻璃变形对平整度的影响， 支 撑物为最小单元是等边三角形的点阵排列， 支撑物为长条状， 上下玻璃的支 撑物互相垂直， 上下玻璃合片后支撑物重叠为十字状形； 再次将下玻璃的封 边条框之间装满低温玻璃焊料， 将两块玻璃上下对齐叠放在一起、 预留一定 的排气通道， 送入高温封边炉中， 再次将下玻璃的封边沟槽内均勾涂布低温 玻璃焊料， 低温玻璃焊料上均勾留有数个排气孔， 并将两块玻璃上下对齐叠 放在一起， 送入高温封边炉中， 高温封边炉具有基础加热系统和局部加热系 统； 最后进行加热操作， 先利用基础加热系统如电加热管加热， 使基础温度 升至 320°C以上， 再利用局部加热系统如远红外线加热器将低温玻璃焊料加 热至熔融温度 430 °C以上， 排气孔消失， 熔融的低温玻璃焊料将两块玻璃粘 接在一起， 上下玻璃的支撑物软化相互接触、 重叠为十字状形； 停止加热、 随炉降温， 低温玻璃焊料将两块玻璃气密性地焊接在一起， 上下支撑物和上 下玻璃固化成一体， 打开炉门得到所需的低空玻璃。
上下玻璃均有条状支撑物， 支撑物垂直叠放支撑， 上下玻璃通过支撑物 仍为点接触， 而支撑物与玻璃之间为线或面接触， 增大了接触面积， 减小了 玻璃在支撑处的张应力， 所以可以减少支撑物的数量， 从而进一步提高玻璃 的透明度、 隔热和隔音性能。
釆用双层支撑物不但可以使支撑物有较大的高度空间， 而且可以同时对 上下两块玻璃的平整度进行校正， 更有利于获得高的平整度， 使上下玻璃得 到更可靠的支撑。
实施例 4: 参见图 4, 低空玻璃的上下玻璃为钢化玻璃或半钢化玻璃， 中间玻璃是低辐射玻璃， 其制作方法如下： 首先根据所制作低空玻璃的形状 和大小切割所需尺寸的两块平板玻璃和一块低辐射玻璃， 在中间玻璃和下玻 璃的上表面周边焊接处开设封边沟槽， 并进行磨边、 倒角和清洗、 干燥， 在 上中下玻璃的焊接面周边利用喷枪将低温玻璃粉膏制成封边条框， 上中下玻 璃合片后， 上面的封边条框能够嵌合于下面的封边沟槽内； 其次将上下两块 玻璃分别装入两个成型模具内， 玻璃夹在上模具和下模具之间， 将装有玻璃 的成型模具放在钢化炉中， 升温至玻璃软化的温度， 依靠施加于成型模具上 的压力使成型模具中的玻璃形成凸面， 随即移去上模具并进行风冷钢化， 得 到钢化或半钢化玻璃； 中间玻璃直接进高温炉， 将封边条框烧结在中间玻璃 上； 再次将中间玻璃和下玻璃的封边沟槽内均勾装入低温玻璃焊料， 并将三 块玻璃上下对齐叠放在一起， 保留一定的排气通道， 送入高温封边炉中， 高 温封边炉具有基础加热系统和局部加热系统； 最后进行加热操作， 先利用基 础加热系统如循环热风加热， 使基础温度升至 320°C以上， 再利用局部加热 系统如电热管将低温玻璃焊料加热至熔融温度 450°C以上， 熔融的低温玻璃 焊料将玻璃粘接在一起； 停止加热、 随炉降温， 低温玻璃焊料将三块玻璃气 密性地焊接在一起， 打开炉门得到所需的低空玻璃。
实施例 5: 参见图 5 , 真空玻璃由上下两块玻璃组成， 其中一块是低辐 射玻璃， 其制作方法如下： 首先根据所制作真空玻璃的形状和大小切割所需 尺寸的一块平板玻璃和一块低辐射玻璃， 在下玻璃的周边焊接处开设封边沟 槽， 并进行磨边、 倒角和清洗、 干燥， 在上下玻璃上利用聚酯丝网将低温玻 璃粉膏印制成封边条框以及在上或下玻璃上利用聚酯丝网将低温玻璃粉膏 印制成支撑物； 上下玻璃合片后， 上玻璃的封边条框能够嵌入下玻璃的封边 沟槽内； 其次将两块玻璃分别送入高温炉中， 在高温炉 550〜650°C的高温作 用下封边条框与支撑物软化或熔融与玻璃粘结在一起， 随即降至室温； 若封 边条框或支撑物在高温烧结过程中形状发生变化， 可通过机械加工的方式如 车削、 研磨等使其整齐划一； 再次将下玻璃的封边条框之间封边沟槽内装满 低温玻璃焊料， 将两块玻璃上下对齐叠放在一起， 并留有抽气通道， 送入真 空封边炉中； 最后进行抽真空和加热操作， 抽真空至 O. lPa以下， 升温至低 温玻璃焊料的熔融温度以上如 420°C , 低温玻璃焊料熔化， 上玻璃的封边条 框在重力的作用下嵌入下玻璃的封边沟槽内， 熔融的低温玻璃焊料将两块玻 璃粘接在一起； 停止加热、 随炉降温， 低温玻璃焊料将两块玻璃气密性地焊 接在一起， 打开炉门得到所需的真空玻璃。 动、 使封边整齐好看， 而且起到很好的支撑作用， 使低温焊料保持一定的厚 度、 强化密封效果， 更重要的是封边条框加热温度高、 与上玻璃有更可靠的 粘结， 封边条框和封边沟槽表面粗糙、 与低温焊料有更牢固的结合， 从而提 高真空玻璃的气密性和可靠性。 此外， 封边条框和封边沟槽也是一步法制备 真空玻璃的关键。
对烧结后支撑物进行机械加工可以解决支撑物在烧结固化过程中因体 积和形状的变化而造成的大小不一、 影响美观的问题。
实施例 6: 参见图 5 , 真空玻璃由上下两块玻璃组成， 两块玻璃都是普 通浮法玻璃， 其制作方法如下： 首先根据所制作真空玻璃的形状和大小切割 所需尺寸的两块平板玻璃， 在下玻璃的周边焊接处开设封边沟槽， 并进行磨 边条框，上下玻璃合片后，上玻璃的封边条框能够嵌入下玻璃的封边沟槽内； 其次将上下玻璃送入高温炉， 在高温炉 550〜650°C的高温作用下封边条框与 玻璃烧结在一起， 随即降至室温， 得到具有封边条框的上下玻璃； 在上玻璃 上釆用低温玻璃焊料印制支撑物， 支撑物为最小单元是等边三角形的点阵排 歹 ij , 支撑物为柱状； 再次将下玻璃的封边沟槽内装满低温玻璃焊料， 将两块 玻璃上下对齐叠放在一起， 并留有抽气通道， 送入真空封边炉中； 最后进行 加热和抽真空操作， 抽真空至 O.lPa以下， 加热至低温玻璃焊料的熔融温度 420 °C以上， 低温玻璃焊料熔化， 上玻璃的封边条框在重力的作用下嵌入下 玻璃的封边沟槽内， 熔融的低温玻璃焊料将两块玻璃粘接在一起， 同时支撑 物软化或熔融与上下玻璃粘接在一起； 停止加热、 随炉降温， 低温玻璃焊料 将两块玻璃气密性地焊接在一起， 支撑物也与上下玻璃固化在一起， 打开炉 门得到所需的真空玻璃。
使用低温玻璃焊料制作支撑物， 在封边过程中能够软化、 固化， 支撑物 印制在上玻璃上， 在重力的作用下可以艮好地适应真空层高度的变化， 确保 将上下玻璃连为一体， 使上下玻璃得到有效支撑； 封边条框和封边沟槽控制 真空层的高度， 不会发生因支撑物软化而使上下玻璃闭合在一起。
实施例 7: 参见图 5 , 真空玻璃的两块玻璃中一块为低辐射玻璃， 另一 块为钢化玻璃或半钢化玻璃， 其制作方法如下： 首先根据所制作真空玻璃的 形状和大小切割所需尺寸的一块平板玻璃和一块低辐射玻璃， 在下玻璃的周 边焊接处开设封边沟槽， 并进行磨边、 倒角和清洗、 干燥， 在上下玻璃上利 用喷枪将低温玻璃粉膏制成封边条框， 上下玻璃合片后， 上玻璃的封边条框 能够嵌合于下玻璃的封边沟槽内； 其次将上玻璃送入钢化炉中， 在钢化炉 650〜750°C的高温作用下封边条框与玻璃烧结在一起， 随即进行风冷钢化， 得到钢化或半钢化玻璃； 在上玻璃上釆用低温玻璃焊料利用张紧的钢丝网或 钢板网印制支撑物， 使支撑物的顶部在一个平面上， 以消除玻璃钢化变形对 平整度的影响， 支撑物为最小单元是等边三角形的点阵排列， 支撑物为圓柱 状； 将下玻璃送入高温炉， 在高温炉 550〜650°C的高温作用下封边条框与玻 璃烧结在一起， 随即降至室温， 得到具有封边条框的下玻璃； 再次将下玻璃 的封边沟槽内装入熔融温度为 380°C的低温玻璃焊料， 并将两块玻璃上下对 齐叠放在一起， 预留抽气通道， 送入真空封边炉中， 真空封边炉具有基础加 热系统和局部加热系统； 最后进行加热和抽真空操作， 先利用基础加热系统 如电加热板加热， 使基础温度升至 300 °C以上， 并抽真空至 O.lPa以下后， 再利用局部加热系统如电热管将低温玻璃焊料加热至熔融温度 380°C以上， 达到低温玻璃焊料的熔融温度， 低温玻璃焊料熔化成液体， 上玻璃的封边条 框在重力的作用下嵌入下玻璃的封边沟槽内， 熔融的低温玻璃焊料将两块玻 璃粘接在一起， 同时支撑物软化或熔融与上下玻璃粘接在一起； 停止加热、 随炉降温， 低温玻璃焊料将两块玻璃气密性地焊接在一起， 支撑物也与上下 玻璃烧结成一体， 打开炉门得到所需的真空玻璃。
制作封边条框的低温玻璃粉其熔融温度远高于封边用的低温焊料， 不仅 价格便宜、 性能好， 而且与玻璃有更好的结合强度； 上下玻璃的封边条框与 封边沟槽嵌合后， 不仅减少了封边低温焊料的用量、 降低了对封边低温焊料 的要求， 而且增大了气密层厚度、 提高了上下玻璃的封接强度， 更重要的是 可以解决因玻璃在钢化过程中产生的翘曲变形而带来的密封问题， 从而提高 产品的合格率。
利用硬网 （板） 印制支撑物， 可以自动找平变形的钢化玻璃， 保证支撑 的可靠性； 使用低温玻璃焊料制作支撑物， 在封边过程中能够软化、 固化， 并可利用其略高的高度， 确保将上下玻璃连为一体， 使上下玻璃得到有效支 撑。
由于真空封边炉具有基础加热系统和局部加热系统， 可以使玻璃边缘的 温度快速升温至焊接温度， 而钢化或半钢化玻璃在较低的基础温度下、 较长 时间内和较高的局部温度、 较短的时间内不会发生明显的退火现象， 所以可 以保证得到钢化或半钢化真空玻璃。
实施例 8: 参见图 6, 真空玻璃的两块玻璃为钢化玻璃或半钢化玻璃， 其中一块还是低辐射玻璃， 其制作方法如下： 首先根据所制作真空玻璃的形 状和大小切割所需尺寸的一块平板玻璃和一块低辐射玻璃， 在下玻璃的周边 焊接处开设封边沟槽， 并进行磨边、 倒角和清洗、 干燥， 在上下玻璃上利用 尼龙丝网将低温玻璃粉膏印制成封边条框和支撑物， 上下玻璃合片后， 上玻 璃的封边条框能够嵌合于下玻璃的封边沟槽内； 支撑物为最小单元是等边三 角形的点阵排列， 支撑物为长条状， 上下玻璃的支撑物互相垂直， 上下玻璃 合片后支撑物重叠为十字状形； 其次将两块玻璃分别送入钢化炉， 在钢化炉 的高温作用下封边条框和支撑物与玻璃软化粘结在一起， 随即进行风冷钢 化， 得到钢化或半钢化玻璃； 为消除因玻璃钢化所造成的高度差， 将封边条 框和支撑物进行机械加工， 使封边条框和支撑物的顶端各自在一个平面上； 再次将下玻璃的封边沟槽内装满低温玻璃焊料， 并将两块玻璃上下对齐叠放 在一起且留有一定的抽气空隙， 送入真空封边炉中， 真空封边炉具有基础加 热系统和局部加热系统； 最后进行加热和抽真空操作， 先利用基础加热系统 如热风加热， 使基础温度升至 320 °C以上， 并抽真空至 O.lPa 以下后， 再利 用局部加热系统如远红外线加热器将低温玻璃焊料加热至熔融温度 430°C以 上， 低温玻璃焊料就会熔化， 上玻璃的封边条框在重力的作用下嵌入下玻璃 的封边沟槽内， 熔融的低温玻璃焊料将两块玻璃粘接在一起， 上下玻璃的支 撑物相互接触、 重叠为十字状形； 停止加热、 随炉降温， 低温玻璃焊料将两 块玻璃气密性地焊接在一起， 打开炉门得到所需的真空玻璃。
上下玻璃均有条状支撑物， 支撑物垂直叠放支撑， 上下玻璃通过支撑物 仍为点接触， 而支撑物与玻璃之间为线或面接触， 增大了接触面积， 减小了 玻璃在支撑处的张应力， 所以可以减少支撑物的数量， 从而进一步提高玻璃 的透明度、 隔热和隔音性能； 通过对支撑物进行机械加工， 消除了玻璃钢化 变形的影响， 使其顶端处于同一平面内， 保证了支撑的可靠性。
釆用双层支撑物不但可以使支撑物有较大的机械加工空间， 而且可以同 时对上下两块玻璃的平整度进行校正， 更有利于获得高的平整度， 使上下玻 璃得到更可靠的支撑。
实施例 9: 参见图 6, 两块玻璃为钢化玻璃或半钢化玻璃， 其中一块还 是低辐射玻璃， 其制作方法如下： 首先根据所制作真空玻璃的形状和大小切 割所需尺寸的一块平板玻璃和一块低辐射玻璃， 在下玻璃的周边焊接处开设 封边沟槽， 并进行磨边、 倒角和清洗、 干燥， 在上下玻璃上利用喷枪将低温 玻璃粉膏制成封边条框， 上下玻璃合片后， 上玻璃的封边条框能够嵌合于下 玻璃的封边沟槽内； 其次将两块玻璃送入钢化炉， 在钢化炉的高温作用下封 边条框与玻璃烧结在一起， 随即进行风冷钢化， 得到钢化或半钢化玻璃； 为 消除因玻璃钢化变形而造成的封边条框的不平整， 对封边条框进行机械加 工， 通过切削或研磨使其顶端处于同一平面内； 在上、 下玻璃上利用低温玻 璃焊料和钢丝网同时印制支撑物， 支撑物为最小单元是等边三角形的点阵排 歹 ij , 支撑物为长条状， 支撑物的顶端在一个平面上， 上下玻璃的支撑物互相 垂直， 上下玻璃合片后支撑物重叠为十字状形； 再次将下玻璃的封边沟槽内 装满低温玻璃焊料，将两块玻璃上下对齐叠放在一起、预留一定的抽气通道， 送入真空封边炉中， 真空封边炉具有基础加热系统和局部加热系统； 最后进 行加热和抽真空操作， 先利用基础加热系统如电热管加热， 使基础温度升至
330°C以上， 并抽真空至 O. lPa以下后， 再利用局部加热系统如红外线加热器 将低温玻璃焊料加热至熔融温度 430°C以上， 低温玻璃焊料熔化， 上玻璃的 封边条框在重力的作用下嵌入下玻璃的封边沟槽内， 熔融的低温玻璃焊料将 两块玻璃粘接在一起， 上下玻璃的支撑物相互接触、 重叠为十字状形； 停止 加热、 随炉降温， 低温玻璃焊料将两块玻璃气密性地焊接在一起， 上下支撑 物和上下玻璃固化成一体， 打开炉门得到所需的真空玻璃。
封边条框在制备之初有尽量高的高度， 在玻璃钢化后可以进行较大程度 的机械加工， 解决其平整度的问题。
支撑物釆用低温玻璃焊料制成， 利用钢网印制， 解决钢化玻璃的变形问 题； 利用其较低的烧结温度， 使其在较低的温度下能够软化、 固化， 并借助 于其略高的高度， 使其能够将上下玻璃可靠地粘接在一起， 从而起到有效的 支撑作用。
实施例 10: 参见图 7, 真空玻璃的上下玻璃为钢化玻璃或半钢化玻璃， 中间玻璃是低辐射玻璃， 其制作方法如下： 首先根据所制作真空玻璃的形状 和大小切割所需尺寸的两块平板玻璃和一块低辐射玻璃， 在下玻璃和中间玻 璃的上表面周边开设封边沟槽， 并进行磨边、 倒角和清洗、 干燥， 在玻璃的 时印制支撑物； 上中下玻璃合片后， 上面的封边条框能够嵌合于下面的封边 沟槽内； 其次将上下两块玻璃送入钢化炉中， 在高温作用下封边条框和支撑 物与玻璃粘结在一起， 随即进行钢化， 得到钢化或半钢化玻璃； 中间玻璃直 接进高温炉， 将封边条框烧结在中间玻璃上； 再次先把上下玻璃的支撑物进 行机械加工， 初步减小因钢化引起的玻璃变形而导致的高度差， 再用钢板网 将低温玻璃焊料印制在经机械加工后的支撑物上， 使支撑物的顶端处在一个 平面上， 彻底消除因钢化导致的玻璃变形对平整度的影响； 将中间玻璃和下 玻璃的封边沟槽内均勾装入低温玻璃焊料， 并将三块玻璃上下对齐叠放在一 起， 保留一定的抽气通道， 送入真空封边炉中， 真空封边炉具有基础加热系 统和局部加热系统； 最后进行加热和抽真空操作， 先利用基础加热系统如循 环热风加热， 使基础温度升至 300 °C以上， 抽真空至 O. lPa以下后， 再利用 局部加热系统如红外线加热器将低温玻璃焊料加热至熔融温度 400°C以上， 上面的封边条框在重力的作用下嵌入下面的封边沟槽内，熔融的低温玻 璃焊料将三块玻璃粘接在一起，支撑物顶端的低温玻璃焊料将支撑物与上中 下玻璃粘结为一体； 停止加热、 随炉降温， 低温玻璃烊料将三块玻璃气密性 地烊接在一起， 支撑物与上中下玻璃固化为一体， 打开炉门得到所需的真空 玻璃。
将钢化后的支撑物进行机械加工后再用硬网印制支撑物，可以很好地解 决钢化玻璃变形较大的问题。
实施例 11 : 本发明低温玻璃焊料具体化学成分见表 1。低温玻璃粉的性 能， 见表 2。 为确保低温玻璃粉的质量， 低温玻璃粉选用原料有较严格的要 求。 原料不能受潮、 结块， 受潮必须烘千。 具体要求见表 3。 低温玻璃粉制 造所需设备筒单， 共需 6 种设备。 关键设备是转炉， 见表 4. 表 1 化学成分对照表
Figure imgf000024_0001
表 2 各项性能对比表
Figure imgf000024_0002
替换页（^3则第 26条) 体积电.阻率 Qm( 100°C ) > 1.9
表 3原料表
Figure imgf000025_0001
表 4设备表
Figure imgf000025_0002
本发明低温玻璃焊料生产工艺流程：
原料购进→ 烘房→ 测水分→ 原料验收→( 过筛）- 原料库- 配料 → 混和→ 加料— 烧成→ 急冷→ ( 烘房） ― 球磨→ 筛粉— 检验— 包 装→出厂。
按表 3 的要求， 选购原料， 按配比要求称量后，在一干净的容器中混合 均匀（ 若有可能， 用混料机最佳） ， 分袋装好， 等待加料烧制（存放地应千 燥） 。
由于各种原料的化学分解温度不同， 因此其烧成工艺比较特殊，应采取 快速升温的办法。
24
替换页（细则第 26条) 硼酸 H3B03 B203 t + H20 T ( 184 ~ 186°C分解) Na2C03 Na20+ C02 ( 750 ~ 800 °C分解）
25
替换页 (细则第 26条) 双飞粉 CaC03 CaO t + C02 1 ( 886 ~ 915°C分解）
碳酸钾 K2C03 K20+ C02 1 ( 890 ~ 895 °C分解）
点火， 用 0. 8MPa ~ 1. OMPa 的油压，风压由小逐步调大， 让油充分雾化 燃烧即可。 边转动炉子， 边将空炉烧至 1100°C以上，停炉打开加料口,加入配 好的原料（ 高温投料）， 防止有效物质的挥发,保证有效物质的含量稳定。
盖好加料盖， 快速加大油压、 风压， 再一次启动转炉，尽快将原料加热, 经过约 2h 的加热，到 1220°C ~ 1250°C时,保温 30min - 40min, 到炉内见衬, 液面平整， 流动性好后， 即可出料（ 温度越高越好， 1300°C为最佳； 升温越快 越好） 。
炉子下面有一盛满冷水的干净池（ 约 4m3左右） ， 当停炉将热料放入池 中时， 一方面要不断往池中放入冷水，保持玻璃液完全炸开、炸碎， 另一方面 可适当减小火力， 以维持液料的温度（一炉能烧 400kg料； 连续烧制而不必 停炉， 达到节约能源和提高产量） 。
将炸开的玻璃料从冷却池中取出，放入周转箱（ 箱底下有小孔） 。若水磨: 则可直接从冷却池中取出加入球磨机。 料、 球、 水之比为： 1： ( 1. 3 ~ 2. 0)： ( 0. 8 ~ 1. 2) 。 球石用氧化铝瓷球或天然燧石，球石尺寸为： <( 37. 5 ~ 50. 0) mm, 长度为（ 30 ~ 70) mm,大小球之比为 3： 8, 球磨时间为 22h ~ 24h。 湿磨 时,用塑料盆接料，放置 12h后放掉清水， 再将块料烘干。 将料过 53Lm或 80Lm 筛后， 装入塑料桶内即可（ 制造过程应避免铁质工具,最好用不锈 钢） 。
若干磨， 将玻璃料移入烘房， 烘干后即可加入球磨机球磨。 料、 球之比 为： 1： ( 1. 8 ~ 2. 2) 。 干磨时， 球磨放料必须有防尘，较好的办法是将球磨机 全密封起来， 并在放料口上装一不锈钢筛， 防止球石掉下来，旋转放料。
将制好的低温玻璃粉， 加入铜粉或铝粉及曱基纤维等与低温玻璃球磨后 再混和均勾造粒即可投入本发明低空、 真空玻璃的制造中使用。 本发明低温 玻璃焊料没有结晶， 工艺性好， 效果较好。
所有上述的首要实施这一知识产权， 并没有设定限制其他形式的实施这 种新产品和 /或新方法。本领域技术人员将利用这一重要信息，上述内容修改， 以实现类似的执行情况。 但是， 所有修改或改造基于本发明新产品属于保留 的权利。 以上所述， 仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已， 并非是对本发明作其它形式 的限制， 任何熟悉本专业的技术人员可能利用上述揭示的技术内容加以变更 或改型为等同变化的等效实施例。 但是凡是未脱离本发明技术方案内容， 依 仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围。

Claims

1.一种低空或真空玻璃， 其特征在于， 包括上玻璃、 下玻璃； 所述上玻璃是 平面玻璃或凸面玻璃； 所述下玻璃是平面玻璃或凸面玻璃， 所述上下玻 璃的周边有封边条框和 /或封边沟槽， 所述上玻璃和所述下玻璃的周边通 过低温焊料焊接在一起， 所述低温焊料为低温玻璃焊料， 所述上玻璃和 所述下玻璃之间形成一个封闭的低压空气层或真空层。
2.根据权利要求 1所述低空或真空玻璃， 其特征在于， 所述上玻璃和所述下 玻璃之间形成一个封闭的真空层， 所述真空层内有支撑物， 所述支撑物 有一层或两层。
3.根据权利要求 1所述低空或真空玻璃， 其特征在于， 所述低空或真空玻璃 还包括一块中间玻璃，所述中间玻璃夹在所述上玻璃和所述下玻璃之间， 所述上玻璃和所述下玻璃分别和所述中间玻璃形成两个封闭的低压空气 层或真空层。
4.根据权利要求 1-3 中任一项所述低空或真空玻璃， 其特征在于， 所述上玻 璃， 所述下玻璃和 /或所述中间玻璃至少有一块是钢化或半钢化玻璃。
5.根据权利要求 1-4 中任一项所述低空或真空玻璃， 其特征在于， 所述支撑 物在玻璃钢化前或玻璃钢化后制作。
6.根据权利要求 1-5 中任一项所述低空或真空玻璃， 其特征在于， 所述上玻 璃焊接面的周边至少有一个封边条框， 所述下玻璃焊接面的周边至少有 一个封边沟槽和两个封边条框。
7.根据权利要求 1-6 中任一项所述低空或真空玻璃， 其特征在于， 所述封边 条框釆用低温玻璃粉通过印刷或喷涂的方式制作。
8.根据权利要求 1-7 中任一项所述低空或真空玻璃， 其特征在于， 所述封边 沟槽釆用机械加工或激光加工的方式制作。
9.根据权利要求 1-8 中任一项所述低空或真空玻璃， 其特征在于， 所述封边 条框和 /或支撑物使用软网或硬网制作。
10.根据权利要求 1-9中任一项所述低空或真空玻璃， 其特征在于， 所述封边 条框和 /或支撑物在固化后进行机械加工。
11.根据权利要求 1-10 中任一项所述低空或真空玻璃， 其特征在于， 所述封 边沟槽的横截面可为任意形状， 优选圓弧形； 所述封边沟槽由机械加工 或激光加工而成， 优选机械加工方式； 所述机械加工方式是利用机械研 磨、 机械切削、 机铣等在平板玻璃上形成任意截面形状的 1HJ陷于平板玻 璃表面的沟槽； 所述激光加工方式是利用激光枪、 激光减薄机、 激光雕 刻机等设备在平板玻璃上形成任意截面形状的 1HJ陷于平板玻璃表面的沟 槽。
12.—种低空玻璃的制作方法， 其包括：
第一步， 根据所需要制作的低空玻璃的形状和大小切割所需尺寸的两块 平板玻璃， 在下玻璃的周边焊接处开设封边沟槽， 并对上下两块玻璃进行磨 边、 倒角、 清洗和干燥处理；
第二步， 在上下玻璃的周边焊接处喷涂或印制封边条框， 并使上玻璃的 封边条框能够嵌于下玻璃的封边沟槽内， 然后将两块处理后的玻璃装入模 具、 放在热弯炉或钢化炉中， 升温至玻璃软化的温度 550 ~ 750°C , 依靠玻璃 自身的重力或施加的外力使玻璃向下形成凸面， 并随炉降至室温或进行钢化 处理；
第三步， 将第二步获得的玻璃的封边条框和封边沟槽处印制或喷涂低温 焊料， 或直接在封边沟槽内装入低温焊料， 并将所述两块玻璃上下对齐叠放 在一起， 两玻璃之间留有排气通道， 然后送入高温封边炉中；
第四步， 对所述高温封边炉进行加热操作， 升温至低温焊料的熔融温度 以上； 若高温封边炉有局部加热系统， 则先通过基础加热系统加热至一基础 温度后， 再启动局部加热系统； 达到封边温度， 低温焊料熔化成液体， 在玻 璃自身重力的作用下， 上下封边条框互相嵌合在一起； 停止加热、 随炉降温， 低温焊料将两块玻璃气密性地焊接在一起， 打开高温封边炉的炉门得到所需 的氐空玻璃。
13.—种真空玻璃的制作方法， 其包括：
第一步， 根据所需要制作的真空玻璃的形状和大小切割所需尺寸的两块 平板玻璃， 在下玻璃的周边焊接处开设封边沟槽， 并对上下两块玻璃进行磨 边、 倒角、 清洗和干燥处理；
第二步， 在上下玻璃的周边焊接处制备封边条框， 并使上玻璃的封边条 框能够嵌于下玻璃的封边条框之间封边沟槽内； 或在至少一块玻璃上印制支 撑物， 然后经干燥后， 将玻璃送入高温炉或钢化炉中进行高温处理或钢化处 理；
第三步， 将第二步获得的玻璃的封边条框和封边沟槽处或印制或喷涂低 温焊料， 或直接在封边沟槽内装入低温焊料， 或在至少一块玻璃上印制支撑 物， 并将所述两块玻璃上下对齐叠放在一起， 两玻璃之间留有抽气通道， 然 后送入真空封边炉中；
第四步， 对所述真空封边炉进行抽真空和加热操作， 抽真空至 O. lPa以 下， 升温至低温焊料的熔融温度以上； 若真空封边炉有局部加热系统， 则先 通过基础加热系统加热至一基础温度后， 再启动局部加热系统； 达到封边温 度， 低温焊料熔化成液体， 在玻璃自身重力的作用下， 上部的封边条框嵌入 下部的封边沟槽中； 停止加热、 随炉降温， 低温焊料将两块玻璃气密性地焊 接在一起， 打开真空封边炉的炉门得到所需的真空玻璃。
14.根据权利要求 12或 13所述的制作方法， 其特征在于， 所述高温封边炉是 常规加热炉， 通过电热体加热升温， 包括间歇式加热炉和连续式加热炉。
15.根据权利要求 12或 13所述的制作方法， 其特征在于， 所述高温封边炉每 次只封接一块低空玻璃， 或同时封接多块低空玻璃； 当制备的是钢化玻 璃时， 高温封边炉设置有基础加热系统和局部加热系统， 基础加热系统 釆用电阻加热的方式， 或釆用循环热风加热的方式， 将高温封边炉内部 及玻璃加热至一基础温度； 再利用局部加热系统对玻璃的周边即封边位 置进行局部加热， 达到在短时间内将低温焊料加热至熔融的目的。
16.根据权利要求 12或 13所述的制作方法， 其特征在于， 所述基础加热温度 的范围为 280 ~ 320°C , 所述局部加热温度的范围为 380 ~ 470°C。
17.根据权利要求 12或 13所述的制作方法， 其特征在于， 所述低温玻璃焊料 的生产工艺流程包括：原料购进→ 烘房→ 测水分→ 原料验收→( 过筛） → 原料库→ 配料→ 混和→ 加料→ 烧成→ 急冷→ ( 烘房） → 球磨 → 筛粉→ 检验→ 包装→出厂。
18.根据权利要求 12或 13所述的制作方法， 其特征在于， 所述低温玻璃焊料 的生产工艺流程包括： 按说明书中表 3 的要求， 选购原料，按配比要求 称量后，在一干净的容器中混合均勾， 分袋装好， 加料， 釆取快速升温的 办法烧制： 点火， 用 0. 8MPa ~ 1. OMPa 的油压，风压由小逐步调大， 让 油充分雾化燃烧即可。 边转动炉子， 边将空炉烧至 1100°C以上，停炉打 开加料口，加入配好的原料（ 高温投料） ， 防止有效物质的挥发，保证有效 物质的含量稳定； 盖好加料盖， 快速加大油压、 风压， 再一次启动转炉, 尽快将原料加热， 经过约 2h 的加热，到 1220°C ~ 1250°C时，保温 30min ~ 40min, 到炉内见衬， 液面平整， 流动性好后， 即可出料。
19.根据权利要求 12或 13所述的制作方法， 其特征在于， 所述低温玻璃焊料 的生产工艺流程包括： 炉子下面有一盛满冷水的干净池， 当停炉将热料 放入池中时， 一方面要不断往池中放入冷水，保持玻璃液完全炸开、炸碎 : 另一方面可适当减小火力， 以维持液料的温度； 将炸开的玻璃料直接从 冷却池中取出加入球磨机； 料、 球、 水之比为： 1： ( 1. 3 ~ 2. 0)： ( 0. 8 ~ 1. 2) ； 球石用氧化铝瓷球或天然燧石，球石尺寸为： <( 37. 5 ~ 50. 0) mm, 长度为（30 ~ 70) mm,大小球之比为 3： 8, 球磨时间为 22h ~ 24h。湿磨时, 用塑料盆接料，放置 12h后放掉清水， 再将块料烘干； 将料过 53um或 80um 筛后， 装入塑料桶内。
0.根据权利要求 12或 13所述的制作方法， 其特征在于， 所述低温玻璃焊料 的生产工艺流程包括： 将制好的低温玻璃粉， 加入铜粉或铝粉及曱基纤 维等与低温玻璃球磨后再混和均匀造粒。
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