WO2013173955A1 - 一种激光熔覆方法 - Google Patents

一种激光熔覆方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013173955A1
WO2013173955A1 PCT/CN2012/001475 CN2012001475W WO2013173955A1 WO 2013173955 A1 WO2013173955 A1 WO 2013173955A1 CN 2012001475 W CN2012001475 W CN 2012001475W WO 2013173955 A1 WO2013173955 A1 WO 2013173955A1
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Prior art keywords
laser
column
hydraulic support
benefit
laser cladding
Prior art date
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2012/001475
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李希勇
周峰
张yanliang
杨庆东
苏伦昌
董春春
澹台凡亮
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SHANDONG ENERGY MACHINERY GROUP HAN'S REMANUFACTURE CO Ltd
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SHANDONG ENERGY MACHINERY GROUP HAN'S REMANUFACTURE CO Ltd
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Application filed by SHANDONG ENERGY MACHINERY GROUP HAN'S REMANUFACTURE CO Ltd filed Critical SHANDONG ENERGY MACHINERY GROUP HAN'S REMANUFACTURE CO Ltd
Priority to EP12877167.2A priority Critical patent/EP2708621B1/en
Priority to US14/356,709 priority patent/US20140299585A1/en
Priority to RU2014102952A priority patent/RU2624747C2/ru
Priority to AU2012380415A priority patent/AU2012380415B2/en
Publication of WO2013173955A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013173955A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/34Laser welding for purposes other than joining
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/08Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
    • C23C24/10Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/08Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
    • C23C24/10Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
    • C23C24/103Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
    • C23C24/106Coating with metal alloys or metal elements only
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/34Laser welding for purposes other than joining
    • B23K26/342Build-up welding
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/08Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
    • C23C24/10Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
    • C23C24/103Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a laser cladding method, belonging to the field of laser processing and manufacturing.
  • the hydraulic support column is a key component in mining equipment.
  • the hydraulic support column is usually surface treated by chrome plating to prevent surface rust and corrosion.
  • the wear resistance of the chrome layer is poor.
  • the chrome layer will peel off and peel off. Therefore, the emulsion will corrode the surface of the column, which will affect the use of the hydraulic support.
  • the Chinese patent disclosed in CN101875128B discloses a laser cladding method for a mine hydraulic support column, which is capable of cladding three layers of metallurgical materials through specific laser cladding process conditions, thereby solving the wear resistance of the surface of the mining hydraulic support column.
  • Sexual and corrosion-resistant problems increase the service life.
  • the specific technical solution is to preheat the mine hydraulic support column after the surface treatment, and then sequentially coat the bottom layer, the middle layer and the surface layer with the alloy powder material under the specific process conditions.
  • the weight percentage of the alloy powder material for cladding used in the bottom layer is 0.1% C, 3.2% Si, 0.5% Mn, 10.2% Cr, 8.8%, 0.8% Nb, 0.1% B, 0.5 % P and the balance of Fe.
  • the laser used is a carbon dioxide laser, that is, a laser using carbon dioxide as a working substance.
  • a carbon dioxide laser is used for laser cladding, the laser light from the carbon dioxide laser is irradiated onto the column of the hydraulic support, and the energy absorption rate of the laser beam is low. Also, the power consumption is large in the process.
  • the present invention provides a laser cladding method which can improve the absorption and utilization of laser beam energy and has high power utilization rate, thereby saving power consumption.
  • a laser cladding method is characterized in that a laser cladding layer is formed by melting a laser powder for laser cladding on a surface of a column of a hydraulic support by using a laser beam emitted from a semiconductor laser.
  • the laser cladding method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the distance from the laser beam exit of the semiconductor laser to the surface of the column of the hydraulic support is 150 to 250 mm, and the energy of the laser beam emitted from the semiconductor laser The density is 109.38 W/mm 2 or more.
  • the laser cladding method according to claim 3 is characterized in that the supply rate of the alloy powder for laser cladding is 38 to 40 g/min, and the diameter of the alloy powder for laser cladding is 44 to 178 ⁇ m. ;
  • the laser beam is a rectangular spot, the length of the rectangular spot is 16 mm, the width of the rectangular spot is 2 mm, the scanning linear velocity of the laser beam is 540 to 780 mm/min, and the scanning direction of the laser beam is perpendicular to the The length direction of the rectangular spot.
  • the laser cladding composition powder comprises:
  • the laser cladding method according to claim 7 is characterized in that the outer diameter of the column of the hydraulic support is 350 to 400 mm.
  • the laser beam energy absorption rate of the semiconductor laser is high, and since the energy conversion efficiency of the semiconductor laser is high, the power utilization rate is also improved, and the power consumption is saved.
  • the continuous working time can be long.
  • the continuous working time can reach more than 15000 hours, but if a carbon dioxide laser is used, The continuous working time is therefore shorter, because a vacuuming operation is usually required every 24 hours.
  • the laser cladding method according to the second to third embodiments is an improvement of the first embodiment, and the good process parameters are selected, that is, the distance from the laser beam exit of the semiconductor laser to the surface of the column of the hydraulic support and the semiconductor laser are optimized.
  • the matching relationship between the energy densities of the emitted laser beams enables laser cladding to be efficiently performed.
  • the technical solution 4 is a specific embodiment in which a plurality of processes are defined, and a clear operation process is provided to those skilled in the art.
  • the composition is of a specific composition, so that good surface hardness, service life, bonding strength of the cladding layer to the metal substrate, and salt spray resistance can be obtained.
  • the hardness of the surface cladding layer of the column of the hydraulic support can reach 30 HRC or more, the service life in the mine is more than 5 years, the bonding strength between the cladding layer and the column base can reach 310 MPa or more, and the salt spray resistance is unchanged for 96 hours or more.
  • the column of the hydraulic support obtained by the method of the above-mentioned technical solution 6, on the one hand, can satisfy various performances of the column of the hydraulic support obtained by the method of the fifth aspect, for example, the service life in the mine is more than 5 years.
  • the bonding strength between the cladding layer and the column base can reach 310 MPa or more, and the salt spray resistance is unchanged for 96 hours or more.
  • the hardness of the cladding layer can reach above 45 HRC.
  • the Ni content is low, the cost is low.
  • the hydraulic support column used in this embodiment is a column of a mining hydraulic support used by Xinwen Mining Group New Julong Energy Co., Ltd., which is a column of a hydraulic support with 27SiMn as a base body, and has a diameter of 300 mm.
  • Laser cladding is performed using the following method:
  • a laser processing machine tool which is a semiconductor laser processing machine tool (ie, A processing machine including a semiconductor laser).
  • the powder feeding and the laser cladding are synchronized in one step;
  • the output power of the semiconductor laser is 4000 W, from the semiconductor laser
  • the laser beam exits to the surface of the column of the hydraulic support at a distance of 200 mm, the laser scanning linear velocity is 540 mm/min, and the laser beam is a 16*2 mm rectangular spot (length is 16 mm, width is 2 mm); scanning cladding is performed. Way to perform cladding;
  • the composition for laser cladding used was powdery and had a particle diameter of 44 to: 178 ⁇ .
  • the composition contained 0.05% C, 1.5% Si, 0.4% Mn, 15.8% Cr, 4.0% Ni, the balance Fe and the inevitable very small amount of impurities.
  • the powder feeding rate of the alloy powder for laser cladding was 38 to 40 g/min.
  • the total installed power of the semiconductor laser is 45 KW (kilowatt)
  • the continuous output power of the semiconductor laser is 4000 W
  • the absorption rate of the metal material is 80%
  • the size of the semiconductor laser For 260mmx l l8mmx450mm, the weight of the semiconductor laser is 27kg, and the continuous working time can reach 15000 hours.
  • the amount of heat absorbed by the metal material is 3,200 KW.
  • the hardness of the cladding layer can reach above 45 HRC, the service life in the mine is more than 5 years, the bonding strength between the cladding layer and the column base can reach 310 MPa or more, and the salt spray resistance is unchanged for 96 hours.
  • the column has been promoted and used by Xinwen Mining Group New Julong Energy Co., Ltd., and the effect is good. It has been used for 4 years in the mining face without any quality problems.
  • the Chinese national standard GB/T10125-1997 was used for the salt spray resistance test.
  • the test drug used was an aqueous solution of sodium chloride, the concentration was 50g/L 5g/L, the pH was 6.5 ⁇ 7.2, and the temperature was 35°. C ⁇ 2. (:.
  • the hydraulic support column used in this embodiment is made by Xinwen Mining Group New Julong Energy Co., Ltd.
  • a column for a mining hydraulic support which is a column of a hydraulic support with a base of 27SiMn and a diameter of 400 mm.
  • Laser cladding is performed using the following method:
  • the output power of the semiconductor laser laser is 4000 W, and the laser beam from the semiconductor laser is synchronized in one step.
  • the distance from the surface of the column to the hydraulic support is 250 mm, the laser scanning linear velocity is 600 mm/min, and the laser beam is a 16*2 mm rectangular spot (length is 16 mm, width is 2 mm); cladding is performed by scanning cladding ;
  • the alloy for laser cladding used was powdery and had a particle size of 44 to 178 ⁇ .
  • the composition contained 0.15% C, 1.0% Si, 0.8% Mn, 15.0% Cr, 4.5% Ni, balance Fe and unavoidable impurities.
  • the powder feeding rate of the alloy for laser cladding was 38 to 40 g/min.
  • the total installed power of the semiconductor laser is 45 KW (kilowatt)
  • the continuous output power is 4000 W
  • the metal material absorption rate is 80%
  • the size of the semiconductor laser is 260 mm x l 8 mm x 450 mm
  • the weight of the semiconductor laser is 27 kg.
  • the continuous operation time of the semiconductor laser can reach 15,000 hours.
  • the hydraulic support column used in this embodiment is a column of a mining hydraulic support used by Xinwen Mining Group New Julong Energy Co., Ltd., which is a column of a hydraulic support with a base of 27SiMn and a diameter of 350 mm.
  • Use the following method to enter the laser cladding:
  • the powder feeding and the laser cladding are synchronized in one step; the output power of the semiconductor laser is 4000 W, from the semiconductor laser
  • the laser beam exits to the surface of the column of the hydraulic support at a distance of 250 mm, the laser scanning linear velocity is 600 mm/min, and the laser beam is a 16*2 mm rectangular spot (length is 16 mm, width is 2 mm); scanning cladding is performed.
  • the composition for laser cladding used was powdery and had a particle size of 44 to 178 ⁇ ! ⁇ .
  • the composition contained 0.15% C, 1.0% Si, 0.8% Mn, 18.0% Cr, 22.0% Ni, balance Fe and unavoidable impurities.
  • the powder feeding rate of the alloy powder for laser cladding is 38 to 40 g/min.
  • the total installed power of the semiconductor laser is 45 KW
  • the continuous output power is 4000 W
  • the metal material absorption rate is 80%
  • the size of the semiconductor laser is 260 mm ll 8 mm x 450 mm
  • the weight of the semiconductor laser is 27 kg.
  • the continuous operation time of the semiconductor laser can reach 15,000 hours.
  • the hydraulic support column used in this embodiment is a column of a mining hydraulic support used by Xinwen Mining Group New Julong Energy Co., Ltd., which is a column of a hydraulic support with 27SiMn as a base body, and has a diameter of 300 mm.
  • Laser cladding is performed using the following method:
  • the laser processing machine is a carbon dioxide laser processing machine (a processing machine including a carbon dioxide laser).
  • the powder feeding and the laser cladding are synchronized in one step;
  • the output power of the carbon dioxide laser laser is 8000 W, from the laser
  • the distance from the laser beam exit to the surface of the column of the hydraulic support is 300 mm, the laser scanning linear velocity is 480 mm/min, and the laser beam is a rectangular spot of 15*2.5 mm (length 15 mm, width 2.5 mm); scanning cladding Way into t cladding;
  • the alloy powder for laser cladding is used, and has a particle diameter of 44 to 178 ⁇ m.
  • the composition contained 0.02% C, 1.5% Si, 0.4% Mn, 15.8% Cr, 4.0% Ni, balance Fe and unavoidable impurities.
  • the powder feeding rate of the alloy powder for laser cladding was 38 to 40 g/min.
  • the carbon dioxide laser refers to a laser that emits light by using carbon dioxide as a working substance and transitioning between energy bands by carbon dioxide.
  • the total installed power of the carbon dioxide laser is 175 KW
  • the continuous output power of the carbon dioxide laser is 8000 W
  • the absorption rate of the metal material (absorption rate of the column) is 40%
  • the size of the carbon dioxide laser is 2500 mm x 150 mm x 2300 mm
  • the carbon dioxide laser The weight is 4000kg and the continuous working time is 24 hours, because the laser needs to be vacuumed every 24 hours.
  • the amount of heat absorbed by the metal material is 3,200 KW.
  • the carbon dioxide laser is bulky and the operation is very inconvenient.
  • the continuous output power of the CO2 laser cannot be reduced to 4000 W, and the power consumption cannot be greatly reduced.
  • the hardness of the cladding layer can reach above 45 HRC, the service life in the mine is more than 5 years, the bonding strength between the cladding layer and the column base can reach 310 MPa or more, and the salt spray resistance is unchanged for 96 hours.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
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Description

一种激光熔覆方法
本申请要求于 2012年 5月 22日提交的申请号为 201210159369.8,发明名 称为一种激光熔覆方法的中国专利申请的优先权, 其全文引用在此供参考。 技术领域
本发明涉及一种激光熔覆方法, 属于激光加工制造领域。
背景技术
液压支架立柱是矿山开采设备中的关键部件,在国内,对于液压支架立柱 通常采用镀铬的方法进行表面处理, 从而来防止表面的生锈以及防腐蚀。 然而 镀铬层的耐磨性较差, 一般经过 1〜1.5年之后, 镀铬层就会出现起皮以及脱皮 等现象, 因此,乳化液就会腐蚀立柱表面,从而会影响到液压支架的使用效果。
公告为 CN101875128B 的中国专利公开了一种矿用液压支架立柱的激光 熔覆方法, 其通过特定的激光熔覆工艺条件来熔覆三层冶金材料,从而解决了 矿用液压支架立柱表面的耐磨性、 防腐蚀性的问题, 提高了使用寿命。 具体的 技术方案是, 在对矿用液压支架立柱进行表面处理之后, 进行预热, 然后在特 定的工艺条件下, 用熔覆用合金粉末材料依次镀覆底层、 中层和面层。 其中, 底层选用的熔覆用合金粉末材料的重量百分比为 0.1%的 C、 3.2%的 Si、 0.5% 的 Mn、 10.2%的 Cr、 8.8%的 、 0.8%的 Nb、 0.1%的 B、 0.5%的 P和余量的 Fe。
在上述的激光熔覆方法中,使用的激光器是二氧化碳激光器, 即以二氧化 碳为工作物质的激光器。 然而利用二氧化碳激光器进行激光熔覆时,从二氧化 碳激光器出来的激光照射在液压支架的立柱上,对激光束的能量吸收利用率很 低。 并且, 在该工艺中电能消耗较大。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供一种激光熔覆方法,该激光熔覆方法, 可以提高激光束能量的吸收利用率, 并且电能利用率高, 从而节省了耗电量。
具体地, 本发明所提供的技术方案如下: 技术方案 1.
一种激光熔覆方法, 在液压支架的立柱的表面上, 利用半导体激光器所发 出的激光束, 熔化激光熔覆用合金粉末, 来形成激光熔覆层。
技术方案 2.
根据技术方案 1所述的激光熔覆方法, 其改变之处在于,从半导体激光器 的激光束出口到液压支架的立柱的表面的距离为 150~250mm, 所述半导体激 光器所发出的激光束的能量密度为 109.38W/mm2以上。
技术方案 3.
根据技术方案 2所述的激光熔覆方法, 其改变之处在于,从半导体激光器 的激光束出口到液压支架的立柱的表面的距离为 190〜220mm, 所述半导体激 光器所发出的激光束的能量密度为 112.63 W/mm2以上。
技术方案 4.
根据技术方案 3所述的激光熔覆方法, 其改变之处在于, 所述激光熔覆用 合金粉末的供给速度为 38~40g/min, 所述激光熔覆用合金粉末的直径为 44~178μιη;
所述激光束为矩形光斑, 所述矩形光斑的长度为 16mm, 所述矩形光斑的 宽度 2mm, 所述激光束的扫描线速度为 540〜780mm/min, 所述激光束的扫描 方向垂直于所述矩形光斑的长度方向。
技术方案 5.
根据技术方案 1所述的激光熔覆方法, 其改变之处在于, 所述激光熔覆用 组合物粉末包括:
0.0卜 0.15%的 C,
0.5%〜1.0%的 Si,
0.4%〜0.8%的 Mn,
17.5%〜19.5%的 Cr,
21%〜25%的 Ni,
余量的 Fe和不可避免的杂质;
其中, 以上各种元素的含量为重量百分比含量,
技术方案 6. 根据技术方案 1所述的激光熔覆方法,其改变之处在于, 所述激光熔覆用 组合物粉末包括:
0.05〜0.20%的 C,
1.0%~1.5%的 Si,
0·4%~0.8%的 Mn,
15.0%~15·8%的 Cr,
4.0%~4.5%的 Ni,
余量的 Fe和不可避免的杂质;
其中, 以上各种元素的含量为重量百分比含量,
技术方案 7.
根据技术方案 1〜6中任意一项所述的激光熔覆方法,其改变之处在于,所 述液压支架的立柱的外径为 200~400mm。
技术方案 8.
根据技术方案 7所述的激光熔覆方法, 其改变之处在于, 所述液压支架的 立柱的外径为 350~400mm。
才艮据技术方案 1的激光熔覆方法,对半导体激光器的激光束能量吸收利用 率高, 且由于半导体激光器的能量转换效率高, 所以还提高了电能利用率, 节 省耗电量。
另外, 在本发明的技术方案中, 由于使用了半导体激光器, 所以连续工作 时间可以 ί艮长, 例如, 在具体的实施例工艺中, 连续工作时间可以达到 15000 小时以上, 然而如果使用二氧化碳激光器, 那么连续工作时间较短, 因为通常 每 24小时就需要进行一次抽真空操作。
根据技术方案 2〜3的激光熔覆方法,其是对技术方案 1的改进, 筛选出良 好的工艺参数,即优化了从半导体激光器的激光束出口到液压支架的立柱的表 面的距离和半导体激光器所发出的激光束的能量密度之间的配合关系,从而能 够有效地进行激光熔覆。
技术方案 4是一种具体的实施形态, 其中限定了多种工艺 ¾, 为本领域 的技术人员提供一种明确的操作工艺参氣
根据上述的技术方案 5的方法所获得的液压支架的立柱,由于激光熔覆层 的组成采用了特定的组成, 所以能够得到良好的表面硬度、使用寿命、 熔覆层 与金属基体的结合强度和耐盐雾性能。该液压支架的立柱的表面熔覆层硬度能 够达到 30 HRC以上, 矿井中使用寿命为 5年以上, 熔覆层与立柱基体的结合 强度能够达到 310MPa以上, 耐盐雾性能 96小时以上无变化。
根据上述的技术方案 6的方法所获得的液压支架的立柱,一方面, 其可以 满足根据技术方案 5的方法所获得的液压支架的立柱的各种性能, 例如,矿井 中使用寿命为 5年以上,熔覆层与立柱基体的结合强度能够达到 310MPa以上, 耐盐雾性能 96小时以上无变化。 除此之外, 熔覆层硬度能够达到 45 HRC以 上。 而且, 由于 Ni含量较低, 所以成本较低。
根据技术方案 7和 8所述的激光熔覆方法,其给出了优选地液压支架的立 柱的外径。 并且, 液压支架的立柱的外径越大越好。 这是因为, 液压支架的立 柱的外径越大, 立柱的外表面越接近于平面, 可以使得半导体激光器所发出的 激光束在液压支架的立柱的表面的能量分布越均勾。但是另一方面, 液压支架 的立柱的表面的外径又不能够太大, 原因在于, 如果需要加工的液压支架的立 柱的外径过大, 就需要更大的液压支架的立柱的夹持和支撑装置。 因此, 优选 的液压支架的立柱的外径为 200〜400mm, 更优选为 350~400mm。 在此范围内 的话, 既可以实现均匀的熔覆, 又可以节省其他设备的负荷。 具体实施方式
为了使得本领域的技术人员能够更加清楚地了解本发明的技术方 下面 结合实施例进行详细说明。
实施例 1
本实施例是矿用液压支架立柱的激光熔覆方法
本实施例所使用的液压支架立柱为新汶矿业集团新巨龙能源有限公司使 用的矿用液压支架的立柱, 该立柱是以 27SiMn为基体的液压支架的立柱, 直 径为 300mm。
采用以下方法进行激光熔覆:
( 1 )将矿用液压支架立柱进行除锈、 毛化处理。
( 2 )装入激光加工机床, 该激光加工机床为半导体激光加工机床(即, 包含半导体激光器的加工机床)。
( 3 )在主轴 C的旋转运动及激光头 X线性轴的进给运动配合下, 在一个 工步中送粉与激光熔覆同步进^; 半导体激光激光器的输出功率为 4000W, 从半导体激光器的激光束出口到液压支架的立柱的表面的距离为 200mm, 激 光扫描线速度为 540 mm/min, 激光束为 16*2 mm的矩形光斑(长为 16mm, 宽为 2mm ); 进行扫描熔覆的方式进行熔覆;
采用的激光熔覆用组合物为粉末状, 粒径为 44〜: 178 μηι。 该组合物包含 0.05%的 C, 1.5%的 Si, 0.4%的 Mn, 15.8%的 Cr, 4.0%的 Ni, 余量的 Fe和 不可避免的极少量杂质。 该激光熔覆用合金粉末的送粉速度为 38〜40g/min。
( 4 )进行机械力口工。
需要说明的是, 在本实施例中, 半导体激光器的总装机功率为 45KW (千 瓦), 半导体激光器的连续输出功率为 4000W, 金属材料吸收率(立柱的吸收 率) 为 80%, 半导体激光器的尺寸为 260mmx l l8mmx450mm, 半导体激光器 的重量为 27kg, 连续工作时间可以达到 15000小时。
在本实施例中 , 金属材料所吸收的热量为 3200KW。
对于得到的立柱进行试验测试, 各项性能指标如下:
( 1 )无裂纹。
( 2 )熔覆层硬度能够达到 45 HRC以上, 矿井中使用寿命为 5年以上, 熔覆层与立柱基体的结合强度能够达到 310MPa以上, 耐盐雾性能 96小时以 上无变化。
关于使用寿命,该立柱已经在新汶矿业集团新巨龙能源有限公司的推广使 用, 效果良好, 目前已在采面使用 4年, 没有出现任何质量问题。
关于耐盐雾性能试验, 采用的是中国国家标准 GB/T10125-1997, 试验所 用的药品为氯化钠的水溶液, 浓度为 50g/L士 5g/L, PH 为 6.5~7.2, 温度为 35°C±2。 (:。
由于本实施例中的 Ni含量不高, 所以成本较低。
实施例 2
本实施例是矿用液压支架立柱的激光熔覆方法
本实施例所使用的液压支架立柱为新汶矿业集团新巨龙能源有限公司使 用的矿用液压支架的立柱, 该立柱是以 27SiMn为基体的液压支架的立柱, 直 径为 400mm。
采用以下方法进行激光熔覆:
( 1 )将矿用液压支架立柱进行除锈、 毛化处理。
( 2 )装入激光加工机床, 该激光加工机床为半导体激光加工机泉
( 3 )在主轴 C的旋转运动及激光头 X线性轴的进给运动配合下, 在一个 工步中送粉与激光熔覆同步进 半导体激光激光器的输出功率为 4000W, 从半导体激光器的激光束出口到液压支架的立柱的表面的距离为 250mm, 激 光扫描线速度为 600mm/min, 激光束为 16*2mm的矩形光斑(长为 16mm, 宽 为 2mm ); 进行扫描熔覆的方式进行熔覆;
采用的激光熔覆用合金为粉末状,粒径为 44〜178 μηι。该组合物包含 0.15% 的 C, 1.0%的 Si, 0.8%的 Mn, 15.0%的 Cr, 4.5%的 Ni, 余量的 Fe和不可避 免的杂质。 该激光熔覆用合金的送粉速度为 38〜40g/min。
( 4 )进行机械力口工。
需要说明的是, 在本实施例中, 半导体激光器的总装机功率为 45KW (千 瓦), 连续输出功率为 4000W, 金属材料吸收率为 80%, 半导体激光器的尺寸 为 260mmxl l 8mmx450mm, 半导体激光器的重量为 27kg, 半导体激光器的连 续工作时间可以达到 15000小时。
对于得到的立柱进行试验测试, 各项性能指标如下:
( 1 )无裂紋。
( 2 )熔覆层硬度能够达到 45 HRC以上, 矿井中使用寿命为 5年以上, 熔覆层与立柱基体的结合强度能够达到 310MPa以上, 耐盐雾性能 96小时以 上无变化。 实施例 3
本实施例是矿用液压支架立柱的激光熔覆方法
本实施例所使用的液压支架立柱为新汶矿业集团新巨龙能源有限公司使 用的矿用液压支架的立柱, 该立柱是以 27SiMn为基体的液压支架的立柱, 直 径为 350mm。 釆用以下方法进 4于激光熔覆:
( 1 )将矿用液压支架立柱进行除锈、 毛化处理。
( 2 )装入激光加工机床, 该激光加工机床为半导体激光加工机束
( 3 )在主轴 C的旋转运动及激光头 X线性轴的进给运动配合下, 在一个 工步中送粉与激光熔覆同步进^; 半导体激光激光器的输出功率为 4000W, 从半导体激光器的激光束出口到液压支架的立柱的表面的距离为 250mm, 激 光扫描线速度为 600mm/min, 激光束为 16*2mm的矩形光斑(长为 16mm, 宽 为 2mm ); 进行扫描熔覆的方式进行熔覆;
采用的激光熔覆用组合物为粉末状, 粒径为 44~178 μ!η。 该组合物包含 0.15%的 C, 1.0%的 Si, 0.8%的 Mn, 18.0%的 Cr, 22.0%的 Ni, 余量的 Fe和 不可避免的杂质。 该激光熔覆用合金粉末的送粉速度为 38~40g/min。
( 4 )进行机械力口工。
需要说明的是, 在本实施例中, 半导体激光器的总装机功率为 45KW, 连 续输出功率为 4000W , 金属材料吸收率为 80%, 半导体激光器的尺寸为 260mm l l 8mmx450mm, 半导体激光器的重量为 27kg, 半导体激光器的连续 工作时间可以达到 15000小时。
对于得到的立柱进行试验测试, 各项性能指标如下:
( 1 )无裂纹。
( 2 )熔覆层硬度能够达到 30 HRC以上, 矿井中使用寿命为 5年以上, 熔覆层与立柱基体的结合强度能够达到 310MPa以上, 耐盐雾性能 96小时以 上无变化。 对比实施例 1
本实施例是矿用液压支架立柱的激光熔覆方法
本实施例所使用的液压支架立柱为新汶矿业集团新巨龙能源有限公司使 用的矿用液压支架的立柱, 该立柱是以 27SiMn为基体的液压支架的立柱, 直 径为 300mm。
采用以下方法进行激光熔覆:
( 1 )将矿用液压支架立柱进行除锈、 毛化处理。 ( 2 )装入激光加工机床, 该激光加工机床为二氧化碳激光加工机床 (包 含二氧化碳激光器的加工机床)。
( 3 )在主轴 C的旋转运动及激光头 X线性轴的进给运动配合下, 在一个 工步中送粉与激光熔覆同步进 ^"; 二氧化碳激光激光器的输出功率为 8000W, 从激光器的激光束出口到液压支架的立柱的表面的距离为 300mm, 激光扫描 线速度为 480mm/min, 激光束为 15*2.5mm的矩形光斑(长为 15mm, 宽为 2.5mm ); 进行扫描熔覆的方式进 t熔覆;
采用的激光熔覆用合金粉末, 粒径为 44〜178 μιη。 该组合物包含 0.02%的 C, 1.5%的 Si, 0.4%的 Mn, 15.8%的 Cr, 4.0%的 Ni, 余量的 Fe和不可避免 的杂质。 该激光熔覆用合金粉末的送粉速度为 38〜40g/min。
( 4 )进行机械力口工。
需要说明的是, 所述二氧化碳激光器是指以二氧化碳为工作物质, 利用二 氧化碳在能带间跃迁而发光的激光器。在本实施例中, 二氧化碳激光器的总装 机功率为 175KW, 二氧化碳激光器的连续输出功率为 8000W, 金属材料吸收 率 ( 立柱 的 吸收率 ) 为 40%, 二氧化碳激光器 的 尺寸 为 2500mmx l 500mmx2300mm,二氧化碳激光器的重量为 4000kg,连续工作时间 为 24小时, 因为每隔 24小时该种激光器需要进行抽真空处理。
在本实施例中, 金属材料所吸收的热量为 3200KW。
可以看出, 二氧化碳激光器体积大, 操作非常不便。 另外, 二氧化碳激光 器的连续输出功率不能够降低到 4000W, 也就不能够大幅度降低耗电量。
对于得到的立柱进行试验测试, 各项性能指标如下:
( 1 )无裂纹。
( 2 )熔覆层硬度能够达到 45 HRC以上, 矿井中使用寿命为 5年以上, 熔覆层与立柱基体的结合强度能够达到 310MPa以上, 耐盐雾性能 96小时以 上无变化。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1. 一种激光熔覆方法, 其特征在于, 在液压支架的立柱的表面上, 利用 半导体激光器所发出的激光束,熔化激光熔覆用合金粉末,来形成激光熔覆层; 所述半导体激光器是指以半导体材料为工作物质,利用半导体材料在能带 间跃迁而发光的激光器。
2.根据权利要求 1 所述的激光熔覆方法, 其特征在于, 从半导体激光器 的激光束出口到液压支架的立柱的表面的距离为 150~250mm, 所述半导体激 光器所发出的激光束的能量密度为 109.38 W/mm2以上。
3. 根据权利要求 2所述的激光熔覆方法, 其特征在于, 从半导体激光器 的激光束出口到液压支架的立柱的表面的距离为 190〜220mm, 所述半导体激 光器所发出的激光束的能量密度为 112.63W/mm2以上。
4. 根据权利要求 3 所述的激光熔覆方法, 其特征在于, 所述激光熔覆用 合金粉末的供给速度为 38〜40g/min, 所述激光熔覆用合金粉末的直径为 44〜178μιη;
所述激光束为矩形光斑, 所述矩形光斑的长度为 16 mm, 所述矩形光斑的 宽度 2 mm, 所述激光束的扫描线速度为 540~780mm/min, 所述激光束的扫描 方向垂直于所述矩形光斑的长度方向。
5.根据权利要求 1 所述的激光熔覆方法, 其特征在于, 所述激光熔覆用 组合物粉末包括:
0.0卜 0.15%的 C,
0.5%〜1.0%的 Si,
0.4%〜0.8%的 Mn,
17.5%~19.5%的 Cr,
21%〜25%的 Ni,
余量的 Fe和不可避免的杂质;
其中, 以上各种元素的含量为重量百分比含量。
6.根据权利要求 1 所述的激光熔覆方法, 其特征在于, 所述激光熔覆用 合金粉末包括:
0.05〜0.20%ό C,
1.0%〜1.5%的 Si,
0.4%〜0.8%的 Mn,
15.0%~15.8%的 Cr,
4.0%~4.5%的 Ni,
余量的 Fe和不可避免的杂质;
其中, 以上各种元素的含量为重量百分比含量。
7.根据权利要求 1~6 中任意一项所述的激光熔覆方法, 其特征在于, 所 述液压支架的立柱的外径为 200~400 mm。
8.根据权利要求 Ί所述的激光熔覆方法, 其特征在于, 所述液压支架的 立柱的外径为 350〜400 mm。
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