WO2013181810A1 - 多址接入方法、装置及系统 - Google Patents

多址接入方法、装置及系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013181810A1
WO2013181810A1 PCT/CN2012/076530 CN2012076530W WO2013181810A1 WO 2013181810 A1 WO2013181810 A1 WO 2013181810A1 CN 2012076530 W CN2012076530 W CN 2012076530W WO 2013181810 A1 WO2013181810 A1 WO 2013181810A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
terminal
broadcast channel
identification information
network device
information
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2012/076530
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
梁海祥
潘稻
张晓风
孙方林
赵泉波
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Huawei Technologies Co Ltd filed Critical Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Priority to EP12878429.5A priority Critical patent/EP2819358B1/en
Priority to CN201280000580.3A priority patent/CN102907050B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2012/076530 priority patent/WO2013181810A1/zh
Priority to US14/078,235 priority patent/US20140133494A1/en
Publication of WO2013181810A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013181810A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/02—Details
    • H04L12/16—Arrangements for providing special services to substations
    • H04L12/18—Arrangements for providing special services to substations for broadcast or conference, e.g. multicast
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/02—Selection of wireless resources by user or terminal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
    • H04L27/2626—Arrangements specific to the transmitter only
    • H04L27/2646—Arrangements specific to the transmitter only using feedback from receiver for adjusting OFDM transmission parameters, e.g. transmission timing or guard interval length
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0044—Allocation of payload; Allocation of data channels, e.g. PDSCH or PUSCH
    • H04L5/0046—Determination of the number of bits transmitted on different sub-channels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/06—Selective distribution of broadcast services, e.g. multimedia broadcast multicast service [MBMS]; Services to user groups; One-way selective calling services
    • H04W4/08—User group management
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
    • H04W28/06—Optimizing the usage of the radio link, e.g. header compression, information sizing, discarding information
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/16—Central resource management; Negotiation of resources or communication parameters, e.g. negotiating bandwidth or QoS [Quality of Service]
    • H04W28/18—Negotiating wireless communication parameters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/06—Selective distribution of broadcast services, e.g. multimedia broadcast multicast service [MBMS]; Services to user groups; One-way selective calling services
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/30—Resource management for broadcast services

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to communications technologies, and in particular, to a multiple access method, apparatus, and system. Background technique
  • multiple access refers to a plurality of terminals connected to the same transmission medium, for example, a wireless transmission free space using electromagnetic wave communication, a point-to-multipoint coaxial cable (Coaxia l Cable) network, Data streams or signals from multiple terminals are allowed to share the same transmission medium.
  • a wireless transmission free space using electromagnetic wave communication for example, a wireless transmission free space using electromagnetic wave communication, a point-to-multipoint coaxial cable (Coaxia l Cable) network
  • Data streams or signals from multiple terminals are allowed to share the same transmission medium.
  • multiple access technologies mainly include Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Code Division Multiple Access (Code Division Multiple Access) , CDMA) and Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access (OFDMA).
  • TDMA Time Division Multiple Access
  • FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Access
  • CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
  • OFDMA Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access
  • the multiple access technology mainly divides the physical resources into several resource blocks in the time domain, the frequency domain, or both in the time domain and the frequency domain, and the network device allocates resources to each terminal based on the divided resource blocks, and allocates resources.
  • the information is sent to the terminal in the form of signaling, which increases the signaling overhead.
  • the terminal demodulates the bit data and is in the upper layer (such as the Media Access Control layer (Media Access Control) , MAC)), obtaining a data frame belonging to the terminal, for example, a Data Over Cable Service Interface Specifications on a cable television network (Cable TV, CATV) based on a Coaxial Cable; DOCSIS) or EPON (Ethernet Passive Optical Network) based on passive optical network.
  • BPSK Binary Phase Shift Keying
  • QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
  • 8QAM Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
  • 16QAM 16QAM
  • 32QAM 64QAM
  • 256QAM 256QAM
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a multiple access method, apparatus, and system for improving resource usage efficiency and reducing signaling overhead.
  • a multiple access method including:
  • the network device receives the data packet, where the data packet includes the identifier information of the terminal;
  • Another aspect provides a multiple access method, including:
  • the terminal receives the data packet sent by the network device through the broadcast channel, where the data packet includes the identifier information of the terminal, where the broadcast channel is a location saved by the network device according to the correspondence between the identifier information of the terminal and the broadcast channel.
  • a broadcast channel corresponding to the identification information of the terminal and the broadcast channel corresponding to the identification information of the terminal wherein the determined broadcast channel is one of a plurality of preset broadcast channels, and the terminal is Any one of the terminal groups corresponding to the determined broadcast channel;
  • the terminal demodulates data of the broadcast channel by using a modulation parameter of the broadcast channel.
  • a network device including:
  • a first receiving module configured to receive a data packet, where the data packet includes identifier information of the terminal, where the first determining module is configured to query, according to the identifier information of the terminal, a correspondence table between the terminal identifier information and the broadcast channel, and determine a broadcast channel corresponding to the identification information of the terminal, the determined broadcast channel is one of a preset plurality of broadcast channels, and the terminal is any one of the terminal groups corresponding to the determined broadcast channel Terminal
  • a first sending module configured to pass the determined broadcast pass according to the identification information of the terminal And transmitting the data packet to the terminal, so that the terminal demodulates the data packet by using the determined modulation parameter of a broadcast channel.
  • Another aspect provides a terminal, including:
  • a second receiving module configured to receive a data packet sent by the network device by using a broadcast channel, where the data packet includes identifier information of the terminal, where the broadcast channel is a correspondence table between the network device and the broadcast channel according to the identifier information of the terminal a broadcast channel corresponding to the identification information of the terminal and the broadcast channel corresponding to the identification information of the terminal, wherein the determined broadcast channel is one of a plurality of preset broadcast channels,
  • the terminal is any one of the terminal groups corresponding to the determined broadcast channel;
  • a demodulation module configured to demodulate the data packet by using a modulation parameter of the broadcast channel.
  • the network device in the embodiment of the present invention determines a broadcast channel corresponding to the identifier information of the terminal according to the identifier information of the terminal included in the received data packet, and sends the data packet to the terminal through the broadcast channel.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a multiple access method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of continuously dividing a broadcast channel in a frequency domain according to the embodiment
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of discretely dividing a broadcast channel in a frequency domain according to the embodiment
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of dividing a broadcast channel in a time domain according to the embodiment.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of dynamically dividing a broadcast channel according to feature information of a terminal according to the embodiment
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of multiple OFDM channels applied in this embodiment
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic flowchart diagram of a multiple access method according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a network device according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a terminal according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described in the following with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
  • the embodiments are a part of the embodiments of the invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts are within the scope of the present invention.
  • the multiple access technology generally adopts time division multiple access technology, code division multiple access technology or orthogonal frequency division multiple access technology, wherein the time division multiple access technology is in the time domain.
  • Divide resources assign Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols or Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) symbols to each terminal; and code division multiple access technology based on spread spectrum ( Spread Spectrum technology, which allocates physical resources based on code; while orthogonal frequency division multiple access technology divides resources in both time domain and frequency domain, there are various implementation methods in the prior art, such as long-term evolution (Long Term Evolution (LTE for short)
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • the access technology mainly uses all physical resources as a broadcast channel (for example, QAM modulation or OFDM modulation download wave uses the same modulation parameters for different terminals), and all terminal data streams or signals share a single broadcast channel.
  • a broadcast channel for example, QAM modulation or OFDM modulation download wave uses the same modulation parameters for different terminals
  • the physical resources are divided into a plurality of resource blocks (from the time domain, the frequency domain, or both the time domain and the frequency domain), and the data bits that the divided resource blocks can carry are relatively fixed values, and The length of data that a network device or terminal needs to transmit is variable. Therefore, the transmitted data cannot fully utilize the allocated resource blocks, resulting in additional waste of resources.
  • the network device allocates resources to the terminal based on the allocated resource blocks, and the resource allocation information is frequently sent to the terminal in the form of signaling, which increases the signaling overhead.
  • the prior art has a problem of low resource use efficiency and increased signaling overhead.
  • the embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions, which can improve resource usage efficiency and reduce signaling overhead.
  • the technical solution of the present invention can be applied to various wired communication systems, for example, a coaxial cable-based cable television network (CATV, Cable TV) or a passive optical network (PON, Passive Optical Network)-based point.
  • CATV coaxial cable-based cable television network
  • PON passive optical network
  • multi-point wired network it can also be applied to a wireless communication system, such as a Long Term Evolution (LTE) system or a Global Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) system.
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • WiMAX Global Interoperability for Microwave Access
  • the technical solution of the present invention can be applied to various network devices and terminals, and can be a head end device in a wired system, or a base station or an access point (AP) device in a wireless system;
  • Terminal devices such as CM (Cable Modem)
  • CM Compact Modem
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a multiple access method according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the method includes:
  • the network device receives a data packet, where the data packet includes identifier information of the terminal.
  • the data packet may be sent to the network device of the embodiment, where the data packet includes the data packet.
  • the identification information of the terminal where the identifier information of the terminal may include, but is not limited to, an IP address and a MAC address of the terminal, and an Ethernet Passive Optic Network (EPON) Logical Link Identifier (LLID).
  • EPON Ethernet Passive Optic Network
  • LLID Logical Link Identifier
  • the Gigabit Passive Optic Network (GPON) port identifies the port ID and other information.
  • the terminal Query a correspondence relationship between the terminal identification information and the broadcast channel according to the identifier information of the terminal, and determine a broadcast channel corresponding to the identifier information of the terminal, where the determined broadcast channel is a preset multiple broadcast channel.
  • the terminal being any one of the terminal groups corresponding to the determined broadcast channel.
  • the network device Receiving the feature information of the terminal, where the feature information of the terminal may include, but is not limited to, information such as a signal to noise ratio, a service level, and a bandwidth requirement of the terminal; and determining characteristics of the terminal according to the feature information of the terminal.
  • the broadcast channel corresponding to the information for example, the feature information of the terminal further includes the identifier information of the terminal, and the network device may establish a correspondence between the identifier information of the terminal and the broadcast channel.
  • the network device divides the physical resources on the transmission medium shared by the multiple terminals into two or more broadcast channels in advance; it should be noted that the foregoing transmission medium includes multiple access technologies used in the wireless communication system.
  • the transmission medium also includes a transmission medium used by the multiple access technology in the wired communication system.
  • the training content of the physical layer may include, but is not limited to, synchronization, channel estimation, equalization, etc., and the terminal respectively acquires the signal-to-noise ratio of each broadcast channel carrier, and The signal to noise ratio of each broadcast channel is sent to the network device.
  • the network device sets a signal to noise ratio threshold corresponding to each broadcast channel according to a signal to noise ratio of each broadcast channel sent by each terminal, and determines a signal to noise ratio of each broadcast channel sent by the terminal.
  • the SNR of a broadcast channel is greater than or equal to a preset SNR threshold of the corresponding broadcast channel, and the broadcast channel can be determined as a broadcast channel corresponding to the feature information of the terminal.
  • the network device presets a service level threshold of each broadcast channel in each of the preset broadcast channels, and correspondingly, the network device may use the service level information sent by the terminal in the preset broadcast channels. Medium, determining a broadcast channel corresponding to the feature information of the terminal.
  • the network device prior to step 102, sets a plurality of broadcast channels (e.g., available carriers) that are shared by the plurality of terminals.
  • a plurality of broadcast channels e.g., available carriers
  • the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) technology is used to divide the available carriers in the OFDM channel into multiple broadcast channels, and the available carriers of the OFDM channel are included.
  • 2048 available carriers the carriers are divided into 4 broadcast channels, each broadcast channel includes 512 available carriers, and the carrier can be allocated in a continuous or discrete manner, that is, the carrier of one broadcast channel can be 512 consecutive carriers. It can also be distributed discretely.
  • the number of available carriers included in each broadcast channel may also be unequal, for example, four broadcast channels respectively include 400, 500, 600, and 548 available carriers.
  • 2 is a schematic diagram of continuously dividing a broadcast channel in a frequency domain according to the embodiment; as shown in FIG. 2, a horizontal grid represents an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing OFDM symbol, and a vertical grid represents 128 carriers, each of which The 512 carriers in the broadcast channel are continuously distributed on the frequency axis.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of discretely dividing a broadcast channel in a frequency domain according to the embodiment; as shown in FIG. 3, a vertical grid represents one carrier, and a horizontal axis represents an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing OFDM symbol, for example,
  • the carrier is divided into four broadcast channels, and four broadcast channels are discretely distributed on the frequency axis.
  • the OFDM technology is used to divide the available carriers in the OFDM channel into multiple broadcast channels by using the time domain.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of dividing the broadcast channel in the time domain according to the embodiment. As shown in FIG. 4, the available carrier is divided into four broadcast channels in the time domain, and each broadcast channel includes two consecutive orthogonal frequency division multiplexing OFDM symbols, so that eight OFDM symbols are one cycle, and each cycle exists. 4 different broadcast channels.
  • the network device may dynamically divide the shared available carrier into multiple broadcast channels according to the feature information of the different terminals, and further determine the feature information corresponding to each terminal. Broadcast channel.
  • the network device can dynamically divide the broadcast channel according to the feature information reported by the terminal, and the number and location of the broadcast channel including the carrier can be dynamically divided according to actual conditions, for example, the OFDM channel includes 2048 available carriers, and the network device can The first 1024 carriers and the last 1024 carriers are respectively divided into two broadcast channels, and the first 512 carriers can be divided into one broadcast channel, and the middle 1024 and the following 512 carriers are divided into two other broadcast channels.
  • the implementation of dividing the broadcast channel is not limited, and the broadcast channel may be divided or otherwise divided in the specific implementation.
  • the network device can dynamically divide the corresponding terminal group for each broadcast channel according to the characteristic information of different terminals (one terminal group for each broadcast channel), for example, divide the terminal with similar physical layer feature information on the broadcast channel into one.
  • the number of terminals with similar physical layer feature information may be different, resulting in differences in the number of terminals included in the terminal group.
  • the physical layer feature information of 20 terminals is similar, and the physical layer characteristic information of another 100 terminals is different.
  • it is possible to divide a broadcast channel for the foregoing 20 terminals add the 20 terminals to the terminal group corresponding to the broadcast channel, divide a broadcast channel for the last 100 terminals, and join the 100 terminals to the broadcast.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of dynamically dividing the broadcast channel according to the feature information of the terminal according to the embodiment.
  • the network device may divide the available carrier into two broadcast channels, and each broadcast channel corresponds to the physical layer. A terminal group with similar feature information.
  • the physical resources on the transmission medium shared by the multiple terminals include at least one OFDM channel, and the physical resources in this embodiment include multiple OFDM channels, and the bandwidth of each OFDM channel ( The frequency bandwidth can be the same or different; one or more OFDM channels can be divided into one broadcast channel, and the number of OFDM channels included in each broadcast channel can be the same or different.
  • each OFDM channel has a bandwidth of 6 MHz (megahertz), and each OFDM channel also has two or more OFDM channels as one. Broadcast channel.
  • each OFDM channel can be synchronously transmitted (as shown in FIG. 6 , OFDM symbols are aligned between different OFDM channels), or can be asynchronously transmitted and independent of each other.
  • each broadcast channel includes at least one available carrier, and different broadcast channels cannot include the same available carrier.
  • Each broadcast channel corresponds to one terminal group, and one terminal group includes at least one terminal; different terminal groups may include the same terminal.
  • the signal to noise ratios of the two terminals are similar, and according to the signal to noise ratio of the terminal, two The terminal is divided into the same terminal group, and the broadcast channel corresponding to the terminal group can be used.
  • the two terminals have different monthly service levels, and the two terminals can be divided into different terminal groups, and the two terminals are respectively used and Broadcast channels corresponding to the terminal groups to which they belong.
  • the network device may establish the identifier information of the terminal and the broadcast channel.
  • the network device may save the correspondence between the identifier information of the terminal and the broadcast channel to a correspondence relationship between the terminal identifier information and the broadcast channel, so that the network device can receive
  • the corresponding relationship table between the terminal identification information and the broadcast channel is queried according to the identification information of the terminal in the data packet, and the broadcast channel corresponding to the identification information of the terminal is obtained.
  • the network device may determine, according to the data transmission requirement of the terminal, a broadcast channel to perform data transmission in multiple broadcast channels corresponding to the terminal identification information; for example, the terminal needs a signal to noise ratio margin (SNR margin) High broadcast channel to download data, network devices can The data packets are transmitted to the terminal through the corresponding broadcast channel.
  • SNR margin signal to noise ratio margin
  • the network device can also determine the broadcast channel for transmitting the data packet according to the data packet attribute. For example, when downloading the video data packet, the service level requirement for the broadcast channel is relatively high, and the network device can transmit the data packet through the broadcast channel with a higher service level. Give the terminal.
  • the network device can reasonably determine a broadcast channel for data transmission in a plurality of broadcast channels corresponding to the terminal identification information according to the usage of the broadcast channel, thereby avoiding congestion of the broadcast channel.
  • the network device after the physical resource is flexibly divided into multiple broadcast channels and terminal groups corresponding to each broadcast channel, according to the feature information of the different terminals and the specific requirements of the terminal, may be
  • the feature information of the terminal group corresponding to each broadcast channel is configured corresponding to the modulation parameter of the broadcast channel (such as the modulation order), which can improve the overall use efficiency of the resource.
  • the modulation parameters of the broadcast channel can be configured by configuring corresponding modulation parameters for each available carrier included in the broadcast channel. In this embodiment, whether the modulation parameters of the available carriers in the broadcast channel are the same is not limited. Each available carrier can use the same modulation parameters for different terminals.
  • the network device may send the identifier information of the broadcast channel to the terminal, so that the terminal uses the modulation parameter of the broadcast channel. , demodulate the data packet in the broadcast channel.
  • the network device may send the modulation parameter of each broadcast channel to the terminal group corresponding to the broadcast channel by means of broadcast or unicast.
  • the terminal uses the identification information of the broadcast channel sent by the network device to obtain the modulation parameter of the broadcast channel, and further, demodulates the data packet transmitted in the broadcast channel by using the modulation parameter of the broadcast channel, thereby avoiding the network.
  • the device Before sending each data packet, the device needs to send a specific message carrying the resource allocation information to the terminal, which reduces signaling overhead.
  • the modulation parameters of each of the above broadcast channels include modulation parameters corresponding to the available carriers in the broadcast channel.
  • the feature information of the foregoing terminal includes one or more of a signal to noise ratio, a service level, and a bandwidth requirement.
  • the above broadcast channel includes: at least one orthogonal frequency division multiplexing OFDM symbol in different time domains, or at least one carrier in different frequency domains, or at least one orthogonal frequency division multiplexing OFDM channel in the frequency domain.
  • each broadcast channel corresponds to one terminal group, and each terminal group includes at least one terminal. Therefore, the network device can transmit different data packets sent to multiple terminals through the same broadcast channel, that is, Multiple terminals can jointly use one broadcast channel to obtain their own data packets.
  • the network device in order for the terminal receiving the data packet to identify the respective data packet, the network device separately encapsulates the data packet sent to the different terminal according to the preset data frame format, and respectively processes the encapsulated processing.
  • the data packet is modulated into a corresponding broadcast channel.
  • the broadcast channel includes multiple available carriers. Therefore, each encapsulated data packet can be separately modulated onto any available carrier in the corresponding broadcast channel.
  • the network device may encapsulate the data packet into an Ethernet data frame and modulate the encapsulated Ethernet data frame onto any available carrier in the broadcast channel.
  • Preamble 8 For synchronization, where 2 bytes are logical connection preambles (Preamble) 8 identifies the LLID, and the logical connection identifier LLID can be used as identification information of the terminal.
  • Destination MAC address For synchronization, where 2 bytes are logical connection preambles (Preamble) 8 identifies the LLID, and the logical connection identifier LLID can be used as identification information of the terminal.
  • High-level data usually 3-layer protocol data sheet data ( Payload ) 46-1500
  • Ethernet data frame format is one of the optional implementation manners of the present invention. It can be understood by those skilled in the art that the preset data frame format is not limited in this embodiment.
  • each packet processed packet is modulated onto a corresponding broadcast channel
  • an existing modulation method for example, using OFDM modulation, Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM). Or phase shift keying (PSK), the data frame is modulated onto the carrier corresponding to each broadcast channel, and the time-frequency domain conversion can be realized by fast Fourier transform or inverse transform (FFT/IFFT).
  • FFT/IFFT fast Fourier transform or inverse transform
  • the orthogonal signals in the OFDM technology are separated at the terminal receiving the data by the related technology, thereby reducing mutual interference between the broadcast channels, and the signal bandwidth on each broadcast channel is smaller than the entire broadcast channel (preset The associated bandwidth of the sum of multiple broadcast channels, therefore, the flatness fading of each broadcast channel can eliminate inter-symbol interference and achieve channel equalization.
  • the error rate of the data packet demodulated by the terminal through the corresponding broadcast channel is caused.
  • the terminal may send a feature information change message to the network device, where the feature information change message includes the current feature information of the terminal, and the network device may re-determine the current feature information corresponding to the terminal according to the current feature information of the terminal.
  • a broadcast channel and further, adjusting a label of the terminal saved in the correspondence table according to the re-determined broadcast channel And identifying the correspondence between the information and the broadcast channel, and further, transmitting the adjusted identification information of the broadcast channel to the terminal, so that the terminal demodulates the data packet in the adjusted broadcast channel by using the adjusted modulation parameter of the broadcast channel.
  • the terminal may periodically detect (eg, every 10 minutes) the current feature information, and change the scenario or other aspects of the application of the multi-carrier system (such as adding other noise interference).
  • the feature information change message may be sent to the network device in time, wherein the feature information change message includes the current feature information of the terminal, so that the network device re-determines the broadcast channel corresponding to the current feature information of the terminal, and further, according to the re-determination
  • the broadcast channel adjusts the correspondence between the identification information of the terminal and the broadcast channel saved in the correspondence table, and further transmits the adjusted identification information of the broadcast channel to the terminal, so that the terminal uses the adjusted broadcast channel.
  • the modulation parameters demodulate the data packet in the adjusted broadcast channel.
  • the network device adjusts the preset broadcast after receiving the feature information change message.
  • the modulation parameter of the channel (such as the modulation order)
  • the preset broadcast channel is a broadcast channel corresponding to the identification information of the terminal saved in the corresponding list, and the adjusted modulation parameter is sent to the preset
  • Each terminal in the terminal group corresponding to the broadcast channel is configured to enable the terminal to demodulate the data packet on the broadcast channel by using the modulated modulation parameter of the broadcast channel.
  • the network device in the embodiment of the present invention determines a broadcast channel corresponding to the identifier information of the terminal according to the identifier information of the terminal included in the received data packet, and sends the data packet to the terminal through the broadcast channel, which solves the prior art.
  • the problem of low efficiency of physical resource utilization can improve the efficiency of physical resource usage and reduce the overhead of signaling.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic flowchart of a multiple access method according to another embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 7, the method includes:
  • the terminal receives a data packet that is sent by the network device by using a broadcast channel, where the data packet includes identifier information of the terminal, where the broadcast channel is a terminal that is saved by the network device according to the correspondence between the terminal identifier information and the broadcast channel.
  • a broadcast channel corresponding to the identification information of the broadcast channel the broadcast channel corresponding to the identifier information of the terminal, the determined broadcast channel being one of the preset plurality of broadcast channels, and the terminal is the determining Any one of the terminal groups corresponding to the broadcast channel.
  • the network device when the network device receives the data packet sent by any upper layer network entity, according to the terminal identification information included in the data packet, for example, querying the correspondence relationship between the terminal identification information and the broadcast channel, determining the location and location A broadcast channel corresponding to the identification information of the terminal, and sending a data packet to the terminal through the broadcast channel.
  • the terminal may send the feature information of the terminal to the network device, so that the network device determines, according to the feature information of the terminal, the network device.
  • a broadcast channel corresponding to the feature information of the terminal establishing a correspondence table between the identifier information of the terminal and the broadcast channel; that is, establishing a correspondence between the identifier information of the terminal and the broadcast channel, and identifying the identifier of the terminal.
  • the correspondence between the information and the broadcast channel is saved in the correspondence table between the terminal identification information and the broadcast channel, and the identification information of the broadcast channel corresponding to the feature information of the terminal is sent to the terminal.
  • the network device determines, according to the feature information of the terminal, a broadcast channel corresponding to the feature information of the terminal, and establishes a correspondence between the identifier information of the terminal and the broadcast channel.
  • a broadcast channel corresponding to the feature information of the terminal
  • the network device may send the modulation parameter of each broadcast channel to any terminal in the terminal group corresponding to the broadcast channel by means of broadcast or unicast. So that the terminal obtains the modulation parameter of the broadcast channel by using the identification information of the broadcast channel sent by the network device, and further, demodulates the data packet transmitted in the broadcast channel by using the modulation parameter of the broadcast channel, thereby preventing the network device from transmitting each Before a data packet, a specific message carrying resource allocation information needs to be sent to the terminal to reduce signaling overhead.
  • the terminal receives the modulation parameters of each broadcast channel sent by the network device before or after receiving the identification information of the broadcast channel corresponding to the feature information of the terminal sent by the network device, and the modulation parameters of each broadcast channel are The correspondence between the identification information corresponding to the broadcast channel is stored in the modulation parameter table.
  • the terminal After receiving the identifier information of the broadcast channel corresponding to the feature information of the terminal sent by the network device, the terminal queries the modulation parameter table according to the identification information of the broadcast channel, and obtains the identifier information corresponding to the broadcast channel. Modulation parameters.
  • the modulation parameters of the foregoing broadcast channel include that each of the corresponding broadcast channels is available.
  • each available carrier can use the same modulation parameter for different terminals. In this embodiment, whether the modulation parameters of the available carriers in the broadcast channel are the same is not limited.
  • the feature information of the terminal of this embodiment includes one or more of a signal to noise ratio, a service level, and a bandwidth requirement.
  • the broadcast channel of this embodiment includes: at least one orthogonal frequency division multiplexing OFDM symbol in different time domains, or at least one carrier in a different frequency domain, or at least one orthogonal frequency division multiplexing OFDM channel in the frequency domain.
  • the terminal demodulates the data packet by using a modulation parameter of the broadcast channel.
  • each broadcast channel corresponds to one terminal group, and each terminal group includes at least one terminal. Therefore, the network device can transmit different data packets sent to multiple terminals through the same broadcast channel, and multiple terminals. You can use a single broadcast channel to get their own data packets.
  • the terminal demodulates the data stream in the broadcast channel by using the modulation parameter of the broadcast channel in order to obtain the respective data packet, where the data stream includes the network device to send according to the preset data frame format.
  • the data packets of each terminal are respectively encapsulated and modulated to corresponding data packets in the broadcast channel; in the demodulated data stream, according to a preset data frame format and the data frame format
  • the identification information of the terminal acquires a data packet of the terminal.
  • the network device in this embodiment may perform the encapsulation processing on the data packets sent to the different terminals according to the preset data frames. For details, refer to the related content in step 103 of the embodiment corresponding to FIG. 1 , and details are not described herein again.
  • the packet error code demodulated by the terminal in the broadcast channel is caused.
  • the rate is high
  • the terminal may send a feature information change message to the network device, where the feature information change message includes the current feature information of the terminal, and the network device may re-determine the current feature information corresponding to the terminal according to the current feature information of the terminal.
  • the broadcast channel step by step, adjusts the correspondence between the identification information of the terminal stored in the correspondence table and the broadcast channel according to the re-determined broadcast channel, and further transmits the identifier information of the adjusted broadcast channel.
  • the terminal is provided to enable the terminal to demodulate the data packet in the adjusted broadcast channel by using the modulation parameter of the adjusted broadcast channel.
  • the terminal may periodically detect (eg, every 10 minutes) the current feature information, and change in a scenario or other aspects of the application of the multi-carrier system.
  • the feature information change message may be sent to the network device in time, and the feature information change message includes the current feature information of the terminal, so that the network device re-determines the current feature information corresponding to the terminal.
  • a broadcast channel further, adjusting a correspondence between the identification information of the terminal and the broadcast channel saved in the correspondence table according to the re-determined broadcast channel, and further transmitting the identifier information of the adjusted broadcast channel to the terminal, So that the terminal demodulates the data packet in the adjusted broadcast channel by using the modulation parameter of the adjusted broadcast channel.
  • the network device may also adjust the preset after receiving the feature information change message.
  • the modulation parameter of the broadcast channel (such as the modulation order), it should be noted that the preset broadcast channel is a broadcast channel corresponding to the identification information of the terminal saved in the corresponding relationship table, and the adjusted modulation parameter is sent.
  • Each terminal in the terminal group corresponding to the preset broadcast channel is used to enable the terminal to demodulate the data packet on the broadcast channel by using the adjusted modulation parameter of the broadcast channel.
  • the terminal of the embodiment of the present invention can directly use the modulation parameter of the broadcast channel to demodulate the data packet according to the broadcast channel corresponding to the identifier information of the terminal, which is preset by the network device, and can solve the problem of low resource use efficiency in the prior art. Improve resource usage efficiency and reduce signaling overhead.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a network device according to another embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 8, the network device in this embodiment may include:
  • the first receiving module 81 is configured to receive a data packet, where the data packet includes the identifier information of the terminal, where the first determining module 82 is configured to query the correspondence between the terminal identifier information and the broadcast channel according to the identifier information of the terminal. And determining, by the broadcast channel corresponding to the identifier information of the terminal, the determined broadcast channel is one of a preset plurality of broadcast channels, and the terminal is a terminal group corresponding to the determined broadcast channel. Any of the terminals; The first sending module 83 is configured to send, by using the determined broadcast channel, the data packet to the terminal according to the identifier information of the terminal, so that the terminal uses the determined modulation parameter of the broadcast channel. Demodulating the data packet.
  • the first receiving module 81 is further configured to receive feature information of the terminal sent by the terminal;
  • the network device further includes:
  • the second determining module 84 is configured to determine, according to the feature information of the terminal, a broadcast channel corresponding to the feature information of the terminal;
  • the establishing module 85 is configured to establish a correspondence table between the identifier information of the terminal and the broadcast channel, where the mapping between the identifier information of the terminal and the broadcast channel is saved to the terminal identifier information and broadcast.
  • the correspondence table of the channels For details, refer to related content in step 102 of the embodiment corresponding to FIG. 1, and details are not described herein again.
  • the first sending module 83 is further configured to send the identifier information of the broadcast channel to the terminal, so that the terminal acquires the identifier according to the identifier information of the broadcast channel.
  • the modulation parameter corresponding to the identification information of the broadcast channel demodulates the data packet.
  • the network device in this embodiment flexibly divides physical resources into multiple broadcast channels and corresponding to each broadcast channel according to the feature information of different terminals and the specific requirements of the terminal. For a detailed description, refer to related content in step 102 of the corresponding embodiment of FIG. 1 , and details are not described herein again. Then, according to the feature information of the terminal group corresponding to each broadcast channel, the modulation parameters (such as the modulation order) of the corresponding broadcast channel are configured, and correspondingly, the first sending module 83 is also used to broadcast or unicast.
  • the modulation parameters such as the modulation order
  • the preset modulation parameter of each broadcast channel is sent to each terminal in the terminal group corresponding to the broadcast channel, so that the terminal obtains the modulation parameter of the broadcast channel by using the identification information of the broadcast channel sent by the network device, and further,
  • the data packet transmitted in the broadcast channel is demodulated by using the modulation parameter of the broadcast channel, so that the network device needs to send a specific message carrying the resource allocation information to the terminal before transmitting each data packet, thereby reducing signaling overhead.
  • the configuration of the modulation parameters of the broadcast channel by the network device may be implemented by configuring corresponding modulation parameters for each available carrier included in the broadcast channel, and the modulation of each available carrier in the broadcast channel in this embodiment. Whether the parameters are the same or not is limited, and each available carrier can adopt the same modulation parameter for different terminals.
  • the first receiving module 81 is further configured to receive a feature information change message sent by the terminal, where the feature information change message includes current feature information of the terminal;
  • the second determining module 84 is further configured to determine, according to the current feature information of the terminal, a broadcast channel corresponding to the current feature information of the terminal;
  • the establishing module 85 is further configured to adjust, according to the broadcast channel corresponding to the current feature information of the terminal determined by the second determining module 84, between the broadcast channels corresponding to the identifier information of the terminal saved in the correspondence table.
  • the first sending module 83 is further configured to send, to the terminal, identifier information of the adjusted broadcast channel, where the adjusted broadcast channel is current with the terminal.
  • the broadcast channel corresponding to the information.
  • the first receiving module 81 is further configured to receive a feature information change message sent by the terminal, where the feature information change message includes current feature information of the terminal;
  • the network device further includes: an adjustment module 86, configured to adjust, according to the current feature information of the terminal included in the feature information change message received by the first receiving module 81, the identifier of the terminal saved in the correspondence table The modulation parameter of the broadcast channel corresponding to the information;
  • the first sending module 83 is further configured to send the adjusted modulation parameter of the adjustment module 86 to the terminal.
  • the first sending module 83 is specifically configured to perform the encapsulating process on the data packet according to a preset data frame format, and modulate the encapsulated data packet to the In the broadcast channel.
  • the data packet sent to the terminal is encapsulated and processed according to the preset data frame.
  • the data packet sent to the terminal is encapsulated and processed according to the preset data frame.
  • the feature information of the foregoing terminal includes one or more of a signal to noise ratio, a service level, and a bandwidth requirement;
  • the above broadcast channel includes: at least one orthogonal frequency division multiplexing OFDM symbol in different time domains, or at least one carrier in different frequency domains, or at least one orthogonal frequency division multiplexing OFDM channel in the frequency domain.
  • the network device in this embodiment may specifically perform the multiple methods described in the method embodiment shown in FIG.
  • the carrier transmission method, its implementation principle and technical effects will not be described again.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a terminal according to another embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 9, the terminal in this embodiment may include:
  • the second receiving module 91 is configured to receive a data packet that is sent by the network device through the broadcast channel, where the data packet includes the identifier information of the terminal, where the broadcast channel is a correspondence table between the network device and the broadcast channel according to the terminal identifier information. a broadcast channel corresponding to the identification information of the terminal and the broadcast channel corresponding to the identification information of the terminal, wherein the determined broadcast channel is one of a plurality of preset broadcast channels, The terminal is any one of the terminal groups corresponding to the determined broadcast channel;
  • the demodulation module 92 is configured to, by the terminal, demodulate the data packet by using a modulation parameter of the broadcast channel.
  • the terminal further includes:
  • the second sending module 93 is configured to send the feature information of the terminal to the network device, so that the network device determines, according to the feature information of the terminal, a broadcast channel corresponding to the feature information of the terminal, and establishes a A correspondence table between the identification information of the terminal and the broadcast channel.
  • the second receiving module 91 is further configured to receive the identifier information of the broadcast channel that is sent by the network device.
  • the network device can flexibly divide the physical resource into multiple broadcast channels and terminal groups corresponding to each broadcast channel according to the feature information of the different terminals and the specific requirements of the terminal. For details, refer to the embodiment corresponding to FIG. 1 . The related content in step 102 will not be described here. Then, according to the feature information of the terminal group corresponding to each broadcast channel, the modulation parameters (such as the modulation order) corresponding to the broadcast channel are configured, and the configured modulation parameters of each broadcast channel are sent to the broadcast or unicast mode. Each terminal in the terminal group corresponding to the broadcast channel.
  • the second receiving module 91 is configured to receive the broadcast channels sent by the network device before or after receiving the identifier information of the broadcast channel corresponding to the feature information of the terminal sent by the network device.
  • the modulation parameter, the correspondence between the modulation parameters of each broadcast channel and the identification information of the corresponding broadcast channel is saved in the modulation parameter table;
  • the second receiving module 91 receives the identification information of the broadcast channel corresponding to the feature information of the terminal, the second receiving module 91 is further configured to query and modulate according to the identification information of the broadcast channel. Parameter table, obtaining the tone corresponding to the identification information of the broadcast channel System parameters.
  • the second sending module 93 is further configured to send a feature information change message to the network device, where the feature information change message includes current feature information of the terminal, so that The network device determines, according to the current feature information of the terminal, a broadcast channel corresponding to the current feature information of the terminal, and adjusts the saved in the correspondence table according to a broadcast channel corresponding to the current feature information of the terminal. Corresponding relationship between the identification information of the terminal and the broadcast channel;
  • the second receiving module 91 is further configured to receive the identifier information of the adjusted broadcast channel sent by the network device, where the adjusted broadcast channel is a broadcast channel corresponding to the current feature information of the terminal.
  • the second sending module 93 is further configured to send a feature information change message to the network device, where the feature information change message includes current feature information of the terminal, so that The network device adjusts, according to the current feature information of the terminal, a modulation parameter of a broadcast channel corresponding to the identifier information of the terminal saved in the correspondence table;
  • the second receiving module 91 is further configured to receive the adjusted modulation parameter sent by the network device.
  • the demodulation module 92 is specifically configured to demodulate a data stream in the broadcast channel by using a modulation parameter of the broadcast channel, where the data stream includes the network device. Decapsulating the data packet according to a preset data frame format and modulating the data packet into the broadcast channel, and in the demodulated data stream, according to the preset data frame format and The identification information of the terminal in the data frame format is obtained, and the data packet of the terminal is obtained.
  • the feature information of the foregoing terminal includes one or more of a signal to noise ratio, a service level, and a bandwidth requirement;
  • the above broadcast channel includes: at least one orthogonal frequency division multiplexing OFDM symbol in different time domains, or at least one carrier in different frequency domains, or at least one orthogonal frequency division multiplexing OFDM channel in the frequency domain.
  • the terminal in this embodiment may specifically perform the multi-carrier transmission method described in the method embodiment shown in FIG. 7.
  • the implementation principle and technical effects are not described herein.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention provides a multiple access system, including the network device provided in the foregoing embodiment corresponding to FIG. 8 and the terminal provided in the foregoing embodiment corresponding to FIG. 9.
  • the network device refer to the related content in the embodiment corresponding to FIG. 8.
  • the terminal reference may be made to related content in the embodiment corresponding to FIG. 9, and details are not described herein again.
  • a person skilled in the art can clearly understand that, for the convenience and brevity of the description, the specific working process of the system, the device and the unit described above may refer to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and details are not described herein again.
  • the disclosed systems, devices, and methods may be implemented in other ways.
  • the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative.
  • the division of the unit is only a logical function division.
  • there may be another division manner for example, multiple units or components may be combined or Can be integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored, or not executed.
  • the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interface, device or unit, and may be electrical, mechanical or otherwise.
  • the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, may be located in one place, or may be distributed to multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the objectives of the solution of the embodiment.
  • each functional unit in each embodiment of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
  • the above integrated unit can be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of hardware plus software functional units.
  • the above-described integrated unit implemented in the form of a software functional unit can be stored in a computer readable storage medium.
  • the above software functional units are stored in a storage medium and include a number of instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to perform some of the steps of the methods described in various embodiments of the present invention.
  • the foregoing storage medium includes: a USB flash drive, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk, and the like, which can store program codes. Medium.

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Abstract

本发明实施例提供一种多址接入方法、装置及系统。该方法包括：网络设备接收数据包，所述数据包中包括终端的标识信息；根据所述终端的标识信息，查询终端标识信息与广播通道的对应关系表，确定与所述终端的标识信息对应的广播通道，所述确定的广播通道为预设的多个广播通道的其中一个广播通道，所述终端为与所述确定的广播通道对应的终端组中的任一个终端；根据所述终端的标识信息，通过所述确定的广播通道，将所述数据包发送给所述终端，以使得所述终端利用所述确定的广播通道的调制参数，解调所述数据包，提高资源使用效率较低和减少了信令开销。

Description

多址接入方法、 装置及系统 技术领域 本发明涉及通信技术， 尤其涉及一种多址接入方法、 装置及系统。 背景技术
在通信网络中， 多址接入（multiple access )指多个终端连接到相同的 传输介质， 例如， 无线传输利用电磁波通信的自由空间， 点到多点的同轴电 缆（Coaxia l Cable ) 网络， 允许来自多个终端的数据流或者信号来共享相同 的传输介质。
现有的无线及有线通信系统， 多址接入技术主要包括时分多址 （Time Division Multiple Access , TDMA ) ,频分多址( Frequency Division Multiple Access , FDMA ) , 码分多址（ Code Division Multiple Access , CDMA ) 及正交频分多址（ Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access, OFDMA ) 等。 多址接入技术主要是通过时域、 频域、 或者同时在时域和频域将物理资 源划分成若干个资源块， 网络设备基于划分的资源块对每一个终端进行资源 分配， 将资源分配信息通过信令的形式发送给终端， 增加了信令开销。
另外在现有的有线通信系统还存在一种多址方式， 是将所有物理资源作 阶数,调制阶数如二进制相移键控 ( Binary Phase Shift Keying, BPSK ) 、 四相相移键控（ Quadrature Phase Shift Keying, QPSK )、 8QAM( Quadrature Amplitude Modulation,正交幅度调制；)、 16QAM、 32QAM、 64QAM、 256QAM 等） ， 终端解调出比特数据后在上层 （如介质访问控制层 （Media Access Control, MAC ) )中获取属于所述终端的数据帧，例如，基于同轴电缆（ Coaxial Cable )的有线电视网络（Cable TV, CATV )上的电缆上数据业务接口规范 ( Data Over Cable Service Interface Specifications, DOCSIS )或者基于无 源光纤网络的以太无源光纤网络 ( EPON , Ethernet Passive Optical Network ) , 然而， 基于所有物理资源作为一个广播通道， 对于所有的终端采 用相同的调制方式及调制参数的多址接入方法， 使得系统必须使用最低的调 制参数， 降低了资源使用效率。
因此， 现有技术存在资源使用效率较低和增加信令开销的问题。 发明内容
本发明实施例提供多址接入方法、 装置及系统， 用以提高资源使用效率 和减少信令开销。
一方面提供了一种多址接入方法， 包括：
网络设备接收数据包， 所述数据包中包括终端的标识信息；
根据所述终端的标识信息，查询终端标识信息与广播通道的对应关系表， 确定与所述终端的标识信息对应的广播通道， 所述确定的广播通道为预设的 多个广播通道的其中一个广播通道， 所述终端为与所述确定的广播通道对应 的终端组中的任一个终端；
根据所述终端的标识信息， 通过所述确定的广播通道， 将所述数据包发 送给所述终端， 以使得所述终端利用所述确定的广播通道的调制参数， 解调 所述数据包。
另一方面提供了一种多址接入方法， 包括：
终端接收网络设备通过广播通道发送的数据包， 所述数据包中包含终端 的标识信息， 所述广播通道为所述网络设备根据所述终端的标识信息与广播 通道的对应关系表中保存的所述终端的标识信息与广播通道的对应关系， 确 定的与所述终端的标识信息对应的广播通道， 所述确定的广播通道为预设的 多个广播通道的其中一个广播通道， 所述终端为所述确定的广播通道对应的 终端组中的任一个终端；
所述终端利用所述广播通道的调制参数， 解调所述广播通道的数据。 另一方面提供了一种网络设备， 包括：
第一接收模块， 用于接收数据包， 所述数据包中包括终端的标识信息； 第一确定模块， 用于根据所述终端的标识信息， 查询终端标识信息与广 播通道的对应关系表， 确定与所述终端的标识信息对应的广播通道， 所述确 定的广播通道为预设的多个广播通道的其中一个广播通道， 所述终端为所述 确定的广播通道对应的终端组中的任一个终端；
第一发送模块， 用于根据所述终端的标识信息， 通过所述确定的广播通 道， 将所述数据包发送给所述终端， 以使得所述终端利用所述确定的广播通 道的调制参数， 解调所述数据包。
另一方面提供了一种终端， 包括：
第二接收模块， 用于接收网络设备通过广播通道发送的数据包， 所述数 据包中包含终端的标识信息， 所述广播通道为所述网络设备根据终端的标识 信息与广播通道的对应关系表中保存的所述终端的标识信息与广播通道的对 应关系， 确定的与所述终端的标识信息对应的广播通道， 所述确定的广播通 道为预设的多个广播通道的其中一个广播通道， 所述终端为所述确定的广播 通道对应的终端组中的任一个终端；
解调模块， 用于利用所述广播通道的调制参数， 解调所述数据包。
另一方面提供了一种多址接入系统， 包括上述终端和上述网络设备。 由上述技术方案可知， 本发明实施例的网络设备根据接收的数据包中包 含的终端的标识信息， 确定与该终端的标识信息对应的广播通道， 并将数据 包通过该广播通道发送给终端， 解决了现有技术中物理资源使用效率较低的 问题， 能够提高物理资源使用效率， 减少信令的开销。 附图说明
施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作一简单地介绍， 显而易见地， 下 面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施例， 对于本领域普通技术人员来讲， 在 不付出创造性劳动性的前提下， 还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图 1为本发明一实施例提供的多址接入方法的流程示意图；
图 2为本实施例在频域上连续划分广播通道的示意图；
图 3为本实施例在频域上离散划分广播通道的示意图；
图 4为本实施例在时域上划分广播通道的示意图；
图 5为本实施例根据终端的特征信息动态划分广播通道的示意图； 图 6为本实施例应用的多个 OFDM通道的示意图；
图 7为本发明另一实施例提供的多址接入方法的流程示意图；
图 8为本发明另一实施例提供的网络设备的结构示意图；
图 9为本发明另一实施例提供的终端的结构示意图。 具体实施方式 为使本发明实施例的目的、 技术方案和优点更加清楚， 下面将结合本发 明实施例中的附图， 对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、 完整地描述， 显然， 所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例， 而不是全部的实施例。 基于 本发明中的实施例， 本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获 得的所有其他实施例， 都属于本发明保护的范围。
现有的无线通信系统， 多址接入技术普遍采用时分多址接入技术、 码分 多址接入技术或者正交频分多址接入技术， 其中， 时分多址接入技术在时域 划分资源，为每个终端分配若干正交频分复用（ Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing , OFDM ) 符号或正交幅度调制 （ Quadrature Amplitude Modulation , QAM )符号； 而码分多址接入技术基于扩频（ Spread Spectrum ) 技术， 基于码为用户分配物理资源； 而正交频分多址接入技术同时通过时域 和频域对资源进行划分，现有技术中有各种实施方式，如长期演进（ Long Term Evolution, 简称 LTE ) 系统同时从时域及频域上将资源划分成若干资源块 ( Resource Block ) , 为每个终端基于划分的资源块来分配物理资源。
现有的有线通信系统， 例如， 基于同轴电缆（Coaxial Cable )的有线电视 网络（CATV, Cable TV )或者基于无源光纤网络（PON, Passive Optical Network )的点到多点的有线网络， 多址接入技术主要是将所有物理资源作为 —个广播通道（如 QAM调制或 OFDM调制方式下载波对于不同终端均使用相 同的调制参数） ， 所有终端的数据流或者信号均共享一个广播通道。
从上述现有技术公开的技术方案中可以看出， 发明人认为现有技术中至 少存在如下问题：
一方面， 现有技术中将物理资源划分成若干资源块（从时域、 频域或 者同时在时域及频域划分） ， 划分好的资源块能承载的数据比特是相对固 定的值， 而网络设备或终端需要传输的数据长度大小不定， 因此， 传输的 数据无法完全利用所分配的资源块， 造成了额外的资源浪费。
另一方面， 网络设备基于划分的资源块对终端进行资源分配， 需要频 繁地将资源分配信息通过信令的形式发送给终端， 增加了信令开销。
另一方面， 基于所有物理资源作为一个广播通道， 对于所有的终端采用 相同的调制方式及调制参数的多址接入方法， 使得系统必须使用最低的调制 参数， 降低了资源使用效率。
因此， 现有技术存在资源使用效率较低和增加信令开销的问题。
鉴于上述现有技术中所存在的问题， 本发明实施例提供如下的技术方 案， 可以提高资源使用效率和减少信令开销。
本发明的技术方案， 可以应用于各种有线通信系统， 例如， 基于同轴电 缆（Coaxial Cable ) 的有线电视网络（CATV, Cable TV )或者基于无源 光纤网络（PON , Passive Optical Network ) 的点到多点的有线网络， 还 可以应用于无线通信系统，例如：长期演进（ Long Term Evolution,简称 LTE ) 系统或全球敖波接入互操作性 （ World Interoperability for Microwave Access, 简称 WiMAX ) 系统等。
本发明的技术方案， 可以应用于各种网络设备及终端， 可以是有线系统 中的头端设备、或者无线系统中的基站或接入点（Access Point, AP )设备； 可以是有线系统中的终端设备， 如 CM ( Cable Modem ) , 也可以是无线接 入终端， 如手机， 无线数据卡等。
图 1为本发明一实施例提供的多址接入方法的流程示意图，如图 1所示， 包括：
101、 网络设备接收数据包， 所述数据包中包括终端的标识信息。
举例来说， 任一上层网络实体需要通过本实施例的网络设备向终端发送 数据包时， 可以先向本实施例的网络设备发送数据包， 其中， 数据包中包含 有接收所述数据包的终端的标识信息， 所述终端的标识信息可以包括但不限 于所述终端的 IP地址、 MAC地址以及以太无源光网络（Ethernet Passive Optic Network, EPON ) 逻辑连接标识 ( Logical Link Identifier, LLID ) , 千兆无源光网络 ( Gigabit Passive Optic Network, GPON )端口标识 port ID 等信息。
102、根据所述终端的标识信息，查询终端标识信息与广播通道的对应关 系表， 确定与所述终端的标识信息对应的广播通道， 所述确定的广播通道为 预设的多个广播通道的其中一个广播通道， 所述终端为与所述确定的广播通 道对应的终端组中的任一个终端。
在本实施例的一个可选实施方式中， 在步骤 102之前， 所述网络设备 接收所述终端的特征信息， 所述终端的特征信息可以包括但不限于所述终 端的信噪比、 服务等级和带宽需求等信息； 根据所述终端的特征信息， 确 定与所述终端的特征信息对应的广播通道； 举例来说， 所述终端的特征信息 中还包括所述终端的标识信息， 网络设备可以建立所述终端的标识信息与 所述广播通道的对应关系。
具体实现时， 网络设备预先将多个终端共享的传输介质上的物理资源划 分为两个或两个以上广播通道； 需要说明的是， 上述传输介质包括无线通信 系统中多址接入技术所使用的传输介质， 还包括有线通信系统中多址接入技 术所使用的传输介质。
终端上电后， 对预设的各广播通道进行物理层的训练， 物理层的训练内 容可以包括但不限于同步、 信道估计、 均衡等训练， 终端分别获取各广播通 道载波的信噪比， 将各广播通道的信噪比发送给网络设备。
在本发明的一个实施方式中， 网络设备根据各终端发送的各广播通道的 信噪比， 设置各广播通道对应的信噪比阈值， 若确定终端发送的各广播通道 的信噪比中的任一个广播通道的信噪比大于等于对应广播通道预设的信噪比 阈值， 即可将该广播通道确定为与该终端的特征信息对应的广播通道。
进一步举例来说， 网络设备在上述预设的各广播通道中， 预设每个广 播通道的服务等级阈值， 对应地， 网络设备可以根据终端发送的服务等级 信息， 在上述预设的各广播通道中， 确定与该终端的特征信息对应的广播 通道。
在本实施例的一个可选实施方式中， 在步骤 102之前， 网络设备将多 个终端共享的传输介质 （如可用载波）设置多个广播通道。
在本实施例的一个可选实施方式中， 采用正交频分复用 （Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing , OFDM )技术， 将 OFDM通道中的可 用载波划分为多个广播通道，假设 OFDM通道的可用载波包括 2048个可 用载波， 将这些载波分为 4个广播通道， 每个广播通道包含 512个可用载 波， 载波的分配方式可以包括连续或离散， 即一个广播通道的载波可以是 连续的 512个可用载波， 也可以离散的分布。 各个广播通道包含的可用载 波数亦可不相等， 例如 4个广播通道分别包含 400、 500、 600和 548个 可用载波数。 图 2为本实施例在频域上连续划分广播通道的示意图； 如图 2所示， 横轴 一方格表示一个正交频分复用 OFDM符号，纵轴一个方格表示 128个载波，每 个广播通道中的 512个载波连续的分布在频率轴上。
图 3为本实施例在频域上离散划分广播通道的示意图； 如图 3所示， 纵轴 一方格表示 1个载波， 横轴一方格表示一个正交频分复用 OFDM符号， 例如， 将载波分为 4个广播通道， 4个广播通道间隔离散的分布在频率轴上。
在本实施例的一个可选实施方式中， 采用 OFDM技术， 将 OFDM通道中 的可用载波通过时域划分为多个广播通道，图 4为本实施例在时域上划分广播 通道的示意图， 如图 4所示， 通过时域将可用载波分为 4个广播通道， 每个广 播通道包括 2个连续的正交频分复用 OFDM符号， 这样 8个 OFDM符号为一个 周期， 每个周期中存在 4个不同的广播通道。
在本实施例的一个可选实施方式中， 上述网络设备可以根据不同终端的 特征信息， 采用 OFDM技术将共享的可用载波动态划分为多个广播通道， 进 而确定与每个终端的特征信息对应的广播通道。
具体实现时， 网络设备可以根据终端上报的特征信息， 动态划分广播通 道， 广播通道包含载波的数量及位置均可根据实际情况动态划分， 如 OFDM 通道中包含 2048个可用载波， 网络设备可以将其中前 1024个载波及后 1024 个载波分别划分成 2个广播通道， 也可以将前 512个载波划分成 1个广播通道， 中间 1024及后面 512个载波划分成另外 2个广播通道。划分广播通道的实现方 式不受限制， 具体实施时也可以离散或以其他方式划分广播通道。
同时网络设备可以根据不同终端的特征信息为每个广播通道动态划分相 应的终端组（每个广播通道对应一个终端组） ， 例如， 将在该广播通道上物 理层特征信息相近的终端分为一组， 需要说明的是， 物理层特征信息相近的 终端数量可能存在差别导致终端组中包含的终端数量存在差别， 例如有 20个 终端的物理层特征信息相近， 另外 100个终端的物理层特征信息相近，在具体 实施中即可能为前述 20个终端划分一个广播通道， 将此 20个终端加入该广播 通道对应的终端组， 为后 100个终端划分一个广播通道， 将此 100个终端加入 该广播通道对应的终端组；图 5为本实施例根据终端的特征信息动态划分广播 通道的示意图， 如图 5所示， 网络设备可以将可用载波划分为两个广播通道， 每个广播通道对应物理层特征信息相近的终端组。 在本实施例的另一个可选实施方式中， 多个终端共享的传输介质上的物 理资源至少包括一个 OFDM通道， 如本实施例的物理资源包括多个 OFDM通 道， 各 OFDM通道的频宽（ Frequency bandwidth )可以相同或者不同； 可以 将其中 1个或多个 OFDM通道划分为 1个广播通道， 每个广播通道中包含的 OFDM通道数量可以相同或者不同。 图 6为本实施例应用的多个 OFDM通道的 示意图， 其中， 每个 OFDM通道的频宽均为 6MHz (兆赫兹） ， 各 OFDM通道 通道， 也将其中 2个或多个 OFDM通道作为 1个广播通道。 具体实现时， 各 OFDM通道之间可以同步发送（如图 6所示， 不同 OFDM通道间 OFDM符号对 齐） ， 也可以异步发送， 彼此独立。
需要说明的是， 上述预设的多个广播通道中， 每个广播通道中分别至少 包含一个可用载波， 不同广播通道不能包含相同的可用载波。 每个广播通道 对应一个终端组， 一个终端组中至少包括一个终端； 不同终端组中可以包含 相同的终端， 例如， 两个终端的信噪比相近， 根据终端的信噪比， 可以将两 个终端分为同一终端组， 可以使用与该终端组对应的广播通道， 又例如， 该 两终端的月良务等级不同， 可以将该两终端分为不同的终端组中， 该两终端分 别使用与各自归属的终端组对应的广播通道。
在本实施例的一个可选实施方式中，网络设备根据所述终端的特征信息， 确定与所述终端的特征信息对应的广播通道之后， 可以建立所述终端的标识 信息与所述广播通道的对应关系， 具体实现时， 举例来说， 网络设备可以将 所述终端的标识信息与所述广播通道的对应关系保存到终端标识信息与广播 通道的对应关系表中， 从而可以实现当网络设备接收到数据包时， 根据数据 包中的终端的标识信息， 查询终端标识信息与广播通道的对应关系表， 获取 与该终端的标识信息对应的广播通道。
在本实施例的一个可选实施方式中， 若存在两个及两个以上的广播通道 与一个终端匹配时， 只能使用一个广播通道传输数据包， 不能将一个数据包 进行分割， 分别在不同的广播通道中进行传输。
具体实现时， 网络设备可以根据终端的数据传输需求， 在与该终端标识 信息对应的多个广播通道中， 确定一个广播通道进行数据传输； 例如， 终端 需要信噪比裕量（SNR margin ) 更高的广播通道下载数据， 网络设备可以将 数据包通过相应的广播通道传输给终端。
网络设备也可以根据数据包属性确定传输该数据包的广播通道， 例如， 下载视频数据包时， 对广播通道的服务等级要求比较高， 网络设备可以将数 据包通过服务等级更高的广播通道传输给终端。
网络设备可以根据广播通道的使用情况， 在与该终端标识信息对应的多 个广播通道中， 合理确定一个广播通道进行数据传输， 从而避免广播通道的 拥挤。
在本实施例的一个可选实施方式中，上述网络设备根据不同终端的特征 信息及终端的具体需求， 将物理资源灵活划分为多个广播通道以及每个广 播通道对应的终端组之后， 可以根据每个广播通道对应的终端组的特征信 息， 配置对应广播通道的调制参数（如调制阶数） ， 能够提高了资源的整 体使用效率。
需要说明的是， 可以通过对广播通道中包含的各可用载波配置对应的 调制参数， 从而实现对广播通道调制参数的配置， 本实施例对广播通道中 各可用载波的调制参数是否相同不作限定， 每个可用载波对于不同终端可 以采用相同的调制参数。
在本实施例的一个可选实施方式中， 网络设备建立终端的标识信息与广 播通道的对应关系之后， 网络设备可以将广播通道的标识信息发送给终端， 以使终端利用该广播通道的调制参数， 在该广播通道中解调数据包。
需要说明的是， 网络设备将广播通道的标识信息发送给终端之前或者 之后， 网络设备可以通过广播或者单播的方式， 将每个广播通道的调制参 数发送给该广播通道对应的终端组中的每个终端， 以使终端利用网络设备 发送的广播通道的标识信息， 获取该广播通道的调制参数， 进一步地， 利 用该广播通道的调制参数解调该广播通道中传输的数据包， 从而避免网络 设备在发送每一个数据包之前， 需要向终端发送承载资源分配信息的特定 消息， 减少信令开销。
需要说明的是， 上述每个广播通道的调制参数包括对应广播通道中各 可用载波的调制参数。
需要说明的是， 上述终端的特征信息包括信噪比、 服务等级和带宽需求 中的一个或多个。 上述广播通道包括： 不同时域的至少一个正交频分复用 OFDM符号， 或 不同频域的至少一个载波， 或频域中的至少一个正交频分复用 OFDM通道。
103、根据所述终端的标识信息， 通过所述广播通道， 将所述数据包发送 给所述终端， 以使得所述终端利用所述广播通道的调制参数， 解调所述数据 包。
在实际应用中， 每个广播通道对应一个终端组， 每个终端组中至少包括 一个终端， 因此， 网络设备可以将发送给多个终端的不同数据包通过同一个 广播通道进行传输， 也就是说， 多个终端可以共同使用一个广播通道获取各 自的数据包。
在具体实现时， 为了使接收该数据包的终端识别各自的数据包， 网络设 备根据预设的数据帧格式，分别将发送给不同的终端的数据包进行封装处理， 分别将各封装处理后的数据包调制到对应的广播通道中， 需要说明的是， 广 播通道中包括多个可用载波， 因此， 可以将各封装处理后的数据包分别调制 到对应广播通道中的任一可用载波上。
在本发明的一个可选实施方式中， 网络设备可以将数据包封装为以太网 数据帧， 将封装后的以太网数据帧调制到广播通道中的任一可用载波上。
表 1为本实
Octets
Figure imgf000012_0001
字段长度
字段 目的
(字节）
用于同步， 其中 2个字节为逻辑连接 前导码 ( Preamble ) 8 标识 LLID, 所述逻辑连接标识 LLID 可以作为终端的标识信息。 目的 MAC地址
6 指明帧的接收者
( DA )
源 MAC地址
6 指明帧的发送者
( SA )
长度 ( Length ) /类
2 帧的数据字段的长度（长度或类型 ) 型 （Type )
高层的数据， 通常为 3层协议数据单 数据 ( Payload ) 46-1500
元。 对于 TCP/IP是 IP数据包
对接收网卡提供判断是否传输错误 帧校验序列 （CRC ) 4 的一种方法， 如果发现错误， 丟弃
此 需要说明的是， 上述以太网数据帧格式为本发明的可选实施方式之 一， 本领域技术人员可以理解的是， 本实施例对预设的数据帧格式不进行限 定。
需要说明的是， 上述将各封装处理后的数据包调制到对应的广播通道上 的方式包括但不限于现有的调制方法， 例如， 采用 OFDM调制、 正交幅度调 制 ( Quadrature Amplitude Modulation, QAM )或者相移键控 ( Phase Shift Keying, PSK ) ， 将数据帧调制到每个广播通道对应的载波上， 时频域的转 换可以通过快速傅里叶变换或逆变换（FFT/IFFT ) 来实现。
其中， OFDM技术中的正交信号通过相关技术在接收数据的终端处进行 分开， 这样可以减少各广播通道之间的相互干扰， 而且每个广播通道上的信 号带宽小于整个广播通道（预设的多个广播通道之和） 的相关带宽， 因此， 每个广播通道的平坦性衰落可以消除符号间的干扰， 实现信道均衡。
在本实施例的一个可选实施方式中， 当多载波系统应用的场景或者其 他方面发生变化（如新增其它噪声干扰） 时， 造成该终端通过对应广播通道 解调出的数据包误码率较高，该终端可以向网络设备发送特征信息变更消息， 其中， 特征信息变更消息包括该终端当前的特征信息， 网络设备可以根据终 端当前的特征信息， 重新确定与该终端当前的特征信息对应的广播通道， 进 一步地， 根据重新确定的广播通道， 调整上述对应关系表中保存的终端的标 识信息与广播通道之间的对应关系， 进一步地， 将调整后的广播通道的标识 信息发送给终端， 以使终端利用调整后的广播通道的调制参数在调整后的广 播通道中解调数据包。
在本实施例的一个可选实施方式中， 终端可以周期性地 （如每隔 10 分钟）检测当前的特征信息， 在多载波系统应用的场景或者其他方面发生变 化（如新增其它噪声干扰） 时， 可以及时向网络设备发送特征信息变更消息 其中， 特征信息变更消息包括该终端当前的特征信息， 以使网络设备重新确 定与该终端当前的特征信息对应的广播通道， 进一步地， 根据重新确定的广 播通道， 调整上述对应关系表中保存的终端的标识信息与广播通道之间的对 应关系， 进一步地， 将调整后的广播通道的标识信息发送给终端， 以使终端 利用调整后的广播通道的调制参数在调整后的广播通道中解调数据包。
在本实施例的一个可选实施方式中， 当多载波系统应用的场景或者其 他方面发生变化（如新增其它噪声干扰） 时， 网络设备在接收到特征信息变 更消息后， 调整预设的广播通道的调制参数（如调制阶数）， 需要说明的是， 该预设的广播通道为上述对应列表中保存的与该终端的标识信息对应的广播 通道， 将调整后的调制参数发送给该预设的广播通道对应的终端组中的每一 个终端， 以使终端利用该广播通道调整后的调制参数， 在广播通道上解调数 据包。
本发明实施例的网络设备根据接收的数据包中包含的终端的标识信息， 确定与该终端的标识信息对应的广播通道， 并将数据包通过该广播通道发送 给终端， 解决了现有技术中物理资源使用效率较低的问题， 能够提高物理资 源使用效率， 减少信令的开销。
图 7为本发明另一实施例提供的多址接入方法的流程示意图， 如图 7所 示， 包括：
701、终端接收网络设备通过广播通道发送的数据包，所述数据包中包含 终端的标识信息， 所述广播通道为所述网络设备根据终端标识信息与广播通 道的对应关系表中保存的终端的标识信息与广播通道的对应关系， 确定的与 所述终端的标识信息对应的广播通道， 所述确定的广播通道为预设的多个广 播通道的其中一个广播通道， 所述终端为所述确定的广播通道对应的终端组 中的任一个终端。 本实施例中， 网络设备接收到任一上层网络实体发送的数据包时， 根据 数据包中包含的终端标识信息， 举例来说， 查询终端标识信息与广播通道的 对应关系表， 确定的与所述终端的标识信息对应的广播通道， 通过所述广播 通道向终端发送数据包。
在本实施例的一个可选实施方式中， 终端接收网络设备通过广播通道发 送的数据包之前， 终端可以向网络设备发送该终端的特征信息， 以使网络设 备根据终端的特征信息， 确定与该终端的特征信息对应的广播通道， 建立所 述终端的标识信息与所述广播通道的对应关系表;即先建立所述终端的标识 信息与所述广播通道的对应关系，将所述终端的标识信息与所述广播通道的 对应关系保存到终端标识信息与广播通道的对应关系表中， 将与该终端的特 征信息对应的广播通道的标识信息发送给终端。
需要说明的是， 关于网络设备根据终端的特征信息， 确定与该终端的特 征信息对应的广播通道， 建立所述终端的标识信息与所述广播通道的对应关 系， 详细描述可以参见图 1对应的实施例的步骤 102中的相关内容， 此处不 再赘述。
需要说明的是， 终端接收网络设备通过广播通道发送的数据包之前， 网 络设备可以通过广播或者单播的方式将每一个广播通道的调制参数发送 给该广播通道对应的终端组中任一终端， 以使终端利用网络设备发送的广 播通道的标识信息， 获取该广播通道的调制参数， 进一步地， 利用该广播 通道的调制参数解调该广播通道中传输的数据包， 从而避免网络设备在发 送每一个数据包之前， 需要向终端发送承载资源分配信息的特定消息， 减 少信令开销。
举例来说， 终端在接收网络设备发送的与所述终端的特征信息对应的广 播通道的标识信息之前或者之后， 还接收网络设备发送的各广播通道的调制 参数， 将各广播通道的调制参数与对应广播通道的标识信息之间的对应关系 保存在调制参数表中。
进一步举例来说， 终端在接收网络设备发送的与所述终端的特征信息对 应的广播通道的标识信息之后， 根据广播通道的标识信息， 查询上述调制参 数表， 获取与广播通道的标识信息对应的调制参数。
需要说明的是， 上述广播通道的调制参数包括对应广播通道中各可用 载波的调制参数， 每个可用载波对于不同终端可以采用相同的调制参数， 本实施例对广播通道中各可用载波的调制参数是否相同不作限定。
本实施例的终端的特征信息包括信噪比、 服务等级和带宽需求中的一个 或多个。
本实施例的广播通道包括： 不同时域的至少一个正交频分复用 OFDM符 号， 或不同频域的至少一个载波， 或频域中至少一个正交频分复用 OFDM通 道。
702、 所述终端利用所述广播通道的调制参数， 解调所述数据包。
在实际情况中， 每个广播通道对应一个终端组， 每个终端组中包括至少 一个终端， 因此， 网络设备可以将发送给多个终端的不同数据包通过同一个 广播通道进行传输，多个终端可以共同使用一个广播通道获取各自的数据包。
具体实现时， 终端为了获取各自的数据包， 利用该广播通道的调制参数， 解调出所述广播通道中的数据流， 所述数据流中包括网络设备根据预设的数 据帧格式将发送给各终端的数据包分别进行封装处理后并调制到所述广播通 道中的对应数据包； 在所述解调出的数据流中， 根据预设的数据帧格式及所 述数据帧格式中包含的终端的标识信息， 获取所述终端的数据包。
本实施例的网络设备可以将发送给不同终端的数据包按照预设的数据帧 分别进行封装处理， 详细描述可以参见图 1对应的实施例的步骤 103中的相 关内容， 此处不再赘述。
在本实施例的一个可选实施方式中， 当多载波系统应用的场景或者其 他方面发生变化（如新增其它噪声干扰） 时， 造成该终端在该广播通道中解 调出的数据包误码率较高， 该终端可以向网络设备发送特征信息变更消息， 其中， 特征信息变更消息包括该终端当前的特征信息， 网络设备可以根据终 端当前的特征信息， 重新确定与该终端当前的特征信息对应的广播通道， 进 —步地， 根据重新确定的广播通道， 调整上述对应关系表中保存的终端的标 识信息与广播通道之间的对应关系， 进一步地， 将调整后的广播通道的标识 信息发送给终端， 以使终端利用调整后的广播通道的调制参数在调整后的广 播通道中解调数据包。
在本实施例的一个可选实施方式中， 终端可以周期性地 （如每隔 10 分钟）检测当前的特征信息， 在多载波系统应用的场景或者其他方面发生变 化（如新增其它噪声干扰） 时， 可以及时向网络设备发送特征信息变更消息 其中， 特征信息变更消息包括该终端当前的特征信息， 以使网络设备重新确 定与该终端当前的特征信息对应的广播通道， 进一步地， 根据重新确定的广 播通道， 调整上述对应关系表中保存的终端的标识信息与广播通道之间的对 应关系， 进一步地， 将调整后的广播通道的标识信息发送给终端， 以使终端 利用调整后的广播通道的调制参数在调整后的广播通道中解调数据包。
在本实施例的一个可选实施方式中， 当多载波系统应用的场景或者其 他方面发生变化（如新增其它噪声干扰） 时， 网络设备在接收到特征信息变 更消息后， 也可调整预设的广播通道的调制参数（如调制阶数） ， 需要说明 的是， 该预设的广播通道为上述对应关系表中保存的与该终端的标识信息对 应的广播通道， 将调整后的调制参数发送给该预设的广播通道对应的终端组 中的每一个终端， 以使终端利用该广播通道调整后的调制参数， 在广播通道 上解调数据包。
本发明实施例的终端根据网络设备预先设置的与该终端的标识信息对应 的广播通道， 直接利用该广播通道的调制参数， 解调数据包， 能够解决现有 技术中资源使用效率低的问题， 提高资源使用效率， 减少信令的开销。
需要说明的是： 对于前述的各方法实施例， 为了简单描述， 故将其都表 述为一系列的动作组合， 但是本领域技术人员应该知悉， 本发明并不受所描 述的动作顺序的限制， 因为依据本发明， 某些步骤可以采用其他顺序或者同 时进行。 其次， 本领域技术人员也应该知悉， 说明书中所描述的实施例均属 于优选实施例， 所涉及的动作和模块并不一定是本发明所必须的。
在上述实施例中， 对各个实施例的描述都各有侧重， 某个实施例中没有 详述的部分， 可以参见其他实施例的相关描述。
图 8为本发明另一实施例提供的网络设备的结构示意图， 如图 8所示， 本实施例的网络设备可以包括：
第一接收模块 81 ,用于接收数据包，所述数据包中包括终端的标识信息； 第一确定模块 82, 用于根据所述终端的标识信息， 查询终端标识信息与 广播通道的对应关系表， 确定与所述终端的标识信息对应的广播通道， 所述 确定的广播通道为预设的多个广播通道的其中一个广播通道， 所述终端为与 所述确定的广播通道对应的终端组中的任一个终端； 第一发送模块 83, 用于根据所述终端的标识信息， 通过所述确定的广播 通道， 将所述数据包发送给所述终端， 以使得所述终端利用所述确定的广播 通道的调制参数， 解调所述数据包。
在本实施例的一个可选实施方式中， 第一接收模块 81 , 还用于接收所述 终端发送的所述终端的特征信息；
所述网络设备还包括：
第二确定模块 84, 用于根据所述终端的特征信息， 确定与所述终端的特 征信息对应的广播通道；
建立模块 85, 用于建立所述终端的标识信息与所述广播通道的对应关系 表， 具体用于将所述终端的标识信息与所述广播通道的对应关系保存到所述 终端标识信息与广播通道的对应关系表中。 详细描述可以参见图 1对应的实 施例的步骤 102中的相关内容， 此处不再赘述。
在本实施例的一个可选实施方式中， 第一发送模块 83, 还用于将所述广 播通道的标识信息发送给所述终端， 以使得所述终端根据所述广播通道的标 识信息获取与所述广播通道的标识信息对应的调制参数解调数据包。
需要说明的是， 为了提高了资源的整体使用效率， 本实施例所述的网 络设备根据不同终端的特征信息及终端的具体需求， 将物理资源灵活划分 为多个广播通道以及每个广播通道对应的终端组， 详细描述可以参见图 1 对应的实施例的步骤 102中的相关内容， 此处不再赘述。 然后， 根据每个广 播通道对应的终端组的特征信息， 配置对应广播通道的调制参数（如调制 阶数） ， 对应地， 第一发送模块 83, 还用于通过广播或者单播的方式， 将 预设的每个广播通道的调制参数发送给该广播通道对应的终端组中的每 个终端， 以使终端利用网络设备发送的广播通道的标识信息， 获取该广播 通道的调制参数， 进一步地， 利用该广播通道的调制参数解调该广播通道 中传输的数据包， 从而避免网络设备在发送每一个数据包之前， 需要向终 端发送承载资源分配信息的特定消息， 减少信令开销。
需要说明的是， 网络设备对广播通道调制参数的配置， 具体实现时， 可以通过对广播通道中包含的各可用载波配置对应的调制参数来实现， 本 实施例对广播通道中各可用载波的调制参数是否相同不作限定， 每个可用 载波对于不同终端可以采用相同的调制参数。 在本实施例的一个可选实施方式中， 第一接收模块 81 , 还用于接收所述 终端发送的特征信息变更消息， 所述特征信息变更消息中包括所述终端当前 的特征信息；
第二确定模块 84, 还用于根据所述终端当前的特征信息， 确定与所述终 端当前的特征信息对应的广播通道；
建立模块 85, 还用于根据第二确定模块 84确定的与所述终端当前的特 征信息对应的广播通道， 调整所述对应关系表中保存的所述终端的标识信息 对应的广播通道之间的对应关系；
在本实施例的一个可选实施方式中， 第一发送模块 83, 还用于向所述终 端发送调整后的广播通道的标识信息， 所述调整后的广播通道为与所述终端 当前的特征信息对应的广播通道。
在本实施例的一个可选实施方式中， 第一接收模块 81 , 还用于接收所述 终端发送的特征信息变更消息， 所述特征信息变更消息中包括所述终端当前 的特征信息；
所述网络设备还包括： 调整模块 86, 用于根据第一接收模块 81接收的 所述特征信息变更消息中包含的终端当前的特征信息， 调整所述对应关系表 中保存的所述终端的标识信息对应的广播通道的调制参数；
在本实施例的一个可选实施方式中， 第一发送模块 83, 还用于将调整模 块 86调整后的调制参数式发送给所述终端。
在本实施例的一个可选实施方式中， 第一发送模块 83, 具体用于根据预 设的数据帧格式将所述数据包进行封装处理， 将所述封装处理后的数据包调 制到所述广播通道中。
需要说明的是， 本实施例将发送给终端的数据包按照预设的数据帧分别 进行封装处理， 详细描述可以参见图 1对应的实施例的步骤 103中的相关内 容， 此处不再赘述。
需要说明的是， 上述终端的特征信息包括信噪比、 服务等级和带宽需求 中的一个或多个；
上述广播通道包括： 不同时域的至少一个正交频分复用 OFDM符号， 或 不同频域的至少一个载波， 或频域中的至少一个正交频分复用 OFDM通道。
本实施例所述的网络设备具体可以执行图 1所示方法实施例中所述的多 载波传输方法， 其实现原理和技术效果不再赘述。
图 9为本发明另一实施例提供的终端的结构示意图， 如图 9所示， 本实 施例的终端可以包括：
第二接收模块 91 , 用于接收网络设备通过广播通道发送的数据包， 所述 数据包中包含终端的标识信息， 所述广播通道为所述网络设备根据终端标识 信息与广播通道的对应关系表中保存的终端的标识信息与广播通道的对应关 系， 确定的与所述终端的标识信息对应的广播通道， 所述确定的广播通道为 预设的多个广播通道的其中一个广播通道， 所述终端为所述确定的广播通道 对应的终端组中的任一个终端；
解调模块 92, 用于所述终端利用所述广播通道的调制参数， 解调所述数 据包。
在本实施例的一个可选实施方式中， 所述终端还包括：
第二发送模块 93, 用于发送所述终端的特征信息给所述网络设备， 以使 所述网络设备根据所述终端的特征信息， 确定与所述终端的特征信息对应的 广播通道， 建立所述终端的标识信息与所述广播通道的对应关系表。
在本实施例的一个可选实施方式中， 第二接收模块 91 , 还用于接收所述 网络设备发送的所述广播通道的标识信息。
需要说明的是，网络设备根据不同终端的特征信息及终端的具体需求， 将物理资源灵活划分为多个广播通道以及每个广播通道对应的终端组， 详 细描述可以参见图 1对应的实施例的步骤 102中的相关内容，此处不再赘述。 然后， 根据每个广播通道对应的终端组的特征信息， 配置对应广播通道的 调制参数（如调制阶数） ， 通过广播或者单播的方式， 将配置的每个广播 通道的调制参数发送给该广播通道对应的终端组中的每个终端。
举例来说， 第二接收模块 91 在接收网络设备发送的与所述终端的特征 信息对应的广播通道的标识信息之前或者之后， 第二接收模块 91 , 还用于接 收网络设备发送的各广播通道的调制参数， 将各广播通道的调制参数与对应 广播通道的标识信息之间的对应关系保存在调制参数表中；
进一步举例来说，第二接收模块 91在接收网络设备发送的与所述终端的 特征信息对应的广播通道的标识信息之后， 第二接收模块 91 , 还用于根据广 播通道的标识信息， 查询调制参数表， 获取与广播通道的标识信息对应的调 制参数。
在本实施例的一个可选实施方式中， 第二发送模块 93, 还用于向所述网 络设备发送特征信息变更消息， 所述特征信息变更消息中包括所述终端当前 的特征信息， 以使所述网络设备根据所述终端当前的特征信息， 确定与所述 终端当前的特征信息对应的广播通道， 根据与所述终端当前的特征信息对应 的广播通道， 调整所述对应关系表中保存的所述终端的标识信息与所述广播 通道之间的对应关系；
第二接收模块 91， 还用于接收所述网络设备发送的所述调整后的广播通 道的标识信息， 所述调整后的广播通道为与所述终端当前的特征信息对应的 广播通道。
在本实施例的一个可选实施方式中， 第二发送模块 93, 还用于向所述网 络设备发送特征信息变更消息， 所述特征信息变更消息中包括所述终端当前 的特征信息， 以使所述网络设备根据所述终端当前的特征信息， 调整所述对 应关系表中保存的所述终端的标识信息对应的广播通道的调制参数；
第二接收模块 91 , 还用于接收所述网络设备发送的调整后的调制参数。 在本实施例的一个可选实施方式中， 解调模块 92, 具体用于利用所述广 播通道的调制参数， 解调所述广播通道中的数据流， 所述数据流中包括所述 网络设备根据预设的数据帧格式将所述数据包进行封装处理后并调制到所述 广播通道中的数据包， 在所述解调出的数据流中， 根据所述预设的数据帧格 式及所述数据帧格式中的终端的标识信息， 获取所述终端的数据包。
需要说明的是， 上述终端的特征信息包括信噪比、 服务等级和带宽需求 中的一个或多个；
上述广播通道包括： 不同时域的至少一个正交频分复用 OFDM符号， 或 不同频域的至少一个载波， 或频域中的至少一个正交频分复用 OFDM通道。
本实施例所述的终端具体可以执行图 7所示方法实施例中所述的多载波 传输方法， 其实现原理和技术效果不再赘述。
本发明另一实施例提供了一种多址接入系统， 包括上述图 8对应的实施 例中提供的网络设备和上述图 9对应的实施例中提供的终端。 网络设备的详 细描述可以参见图 8对应的实施例中的相关内容， 终端的详细描述可以参见 图 9对应的实施例中的相关内容， 此处不再赘述。 所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到， 为描述的方便和简洁， 上述描 述的系统， 装置和单元的具体工作过程， 可以参考前述方法实施例中的对应 过程， 在此不再赘述。
在本申请所提供的几个实施例中， 应该理解到， 所揭露的系统， 装置和 方法， 可以通过其它的方式实现。 例如， 以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示 意性的， 例如， 所述单元的划分， 仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分， 实际实现时可 以有另外的划分方式， 例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个 系统， 或一些特征可以忽略， 或不执行。 另一点， 所显示或讨论的相互之间 的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口， 装置或单元的间接耦合 或通信连接， 可以是电性， 机械或其它的形式。
所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的， 作 为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元， 即可以位于一个地方， 或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。 可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或 者全部单元来实现本实施例方案的目的。
另外，在本发明各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理单元中， 也可以是各个单元单独物理存在， 也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单 元中。 上述集成的单元既可以采用硬件的形式实现， 也可以采用硬件加软件 功能单元的形式实现。
上述以软件功能单元的形式实现的集成的单元， 可以存储在一个计算机 可读取存储介质中。 上述软件功能单元存储在一个存储介质中， 包括若干指 令用以使得一台计算机设备（可以是个人计算机， 服务器， 或者网络设备等） 执行本发明各个实施例所述方法的部分步骤。 而前述的存储介质包括： U盘、 移动硬盘、 只读存储器（Read-Only Memory, 简称 ROM ) 、 随机存取存储 器（ Random Access Memory, 简称 RAM )、 磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储 程序代码的介质。
最后应说明的是： 以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案， 而非对其 限制； 尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明， 本领域的普通技术 人员应当理解： 其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改， 或 者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换； 而这些修改或者替换， 并不使相应技 术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims

权 利 要求 书
1、 一种多载波传输方法， 其特征在于， 包括：
网络设备接收数据包， 所述数据包中包括终端的标识信息；
根据所述终端的标识信息，查询终端标识信息与广播通道的对应关系表， 确定与所述终端的标识信息对应的广播通道， 所述确定的广播通道为预设的 多个广播通道的其中一个广播通道， 所述终端为与所述确定的广播通道对应 的终端组中的任一个终端；
根据所述终端的标识信息， 通过所述确定的广播通道， 将所述数据包发 送给所述终端， 以使得所述终端利用所述确定的广播通道的调制参数， 解调 所述数据包。
2、根据权利要求 1所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述根据所述终端的标识 信息， 查询终端标识信息与广播通道的对应关系表， 确定与所述终端的标识 信息对应的广播通道之前， 包括：
接收所述终端发送的所述终端的特征信息；
根据所述终端的特征信息，确定与所述终端的特征信息对应的广播通道； 建立所述终端的标识信息与所述广播通道的对应关系表。
3、根据权利要求 2所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述建立所述终端的标识 信息与所述广播通道的对应关系表之后， 还包括：
接收所述终端发送的特征信息变更消息， 所述特征信息变更消息中包括 所述终端当前的特征信息；
根据所述终端当前的特征信息， 确定与所述终端当前的特征信息对应的 广播通道， 根据与所述终端当前的特征信息对应的广播通道， 调整所述对应 关系表中的所述终端的标识信息与所述广播通道的对应关系；
或者根据所述终端当前的特征信息， 调整所述对应关系表中的与所述终 端的标识信息对应的广播通道的调制参数。
4、 根据权利要求 1 -3中任一项所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述终端的特 征信息包括信噪比、 服务等级和带宽需求中的一个或多个。
5、 根据权利要求 1 -3中任一项所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述广播通道 包括： 不同时域的至少一个正交频分复用 OFDM符号， 或不同频域的至少一 个载波， 或频 i或中的至少一个正交频分复用 OFDM通道。
6、 一种多载波传输方法， 其特征在于， 包括：
终端接收网络设备通过广播通道发送的数据包， 所述数据包中包含终端 的标识信息， 所述广播通道为所述网络设备根据终端标识信息与广播通道的 对应关系表中保存的终端的标识信息与广播通道的对应关系， 确定的与所述 终端的标识信息对应的广播通道， 所述确定的广播通道为预设的多个广播通 道的其中一个广播通道， 所述终端为与所述确定的广播通道对应的终端组中 的任一个终端；
所述终端利用所述广播通道的调制参数， 解调所述广播通道的数据包。
7、根据权利要求 6所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述终端接收网络设备通 过广播通道发送的数据包之前， 包括：
所述终端发送所述终端的特征信息给所述网络设备 , 以使所述网络设备 根据所述终端的特征信息， 确定与所述终端的特征信息对应的广播通道， 建 立所述终端的标识信息与所述广播通道的对应关系表。
8、 根据权利要求 6-7中任一项所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述终端的特 征信息包括信噪比、 服务等级和带宽需求中的一个或多个。
9、 根据权利要求 6-7中任一项所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述广播通道 包括： 不同时域的至少一个正交频分复用 OFDM符号， 或不同频域的至少一 个载波， 或频域中的至少一个正交频分复用 OFDM通道。
10、 一种网络设备， 其特征在于， 包括：
第一接收模块， 用于接收数据包， 所述数据包中包括终端的标识信息； 第一确定模块， 用于根据所述终端的标识信息， 查询终端标识信息与广 播通道的对应关系表， 确定与所述终端的标识信息对应的广播通道， 所述确 定的广播通道为预设的多个广播通道的其中一个广播通道， 所述终端为与所 述确定的广播通道对应的终端组中的任一个终端；
第一发送模块， 用于根据所述终端的标识信息， 通过所述确定的广播通 道， 将所述数据包发送给所述终端， 以使得所述终端利用所述确定的广播通 道的调制参数， 解调所述数据包。
1 1、 根据权利要求 10 所述的网络设备， 其特征在于， 所述第一接收模 块， 还用于接收所述终端发送的所述终端的特征信息；
所述的网络设备还包括： 第二确定模块， 用于根据所述终端的特征信息， 确定与所述终端的特征 信息对应的广播通道；
建立模块，用于建立所述终端的标识信息与所述广播通道的对应关系表。
12、 根据权利要求 10 所述的网络设备， 其特征在于， 所述第一接收模 块， 还用于接收所述终端发送的特征信息变更消息， 所述特征信息变更消息 中包括所述终端当前的特征信息；
所述第二确定模块， 还用于根据所述终端当前的特征信息， 确定与所述 终端当前的特征信息对应的广播通道；
所述建立模块， 还用于根据所述第二确定模块确定的与所述终端当前的 特征信息对应的广播通道， 调整所述对应关系表中保存的所述终端的标识信 息与所述广播通道的对应关系；
或者还包括： 调整模块， 用于根据所述终端当前的特征信息， 调整所述 对应关系表中保存的与所述终端的标识信息对应的广播通道的调制参数。
13、 根据权利要求 10-12中任一项所述的网络设备， 其特征在于， 所述 终端的特征信息包括信噪比、 服务等级和带宽需求中的一个或多个；
所述广播通道包括： 不同时域的至少一个正交频分复用 OFDM符号， 或 不同频域的至少一个载波， 或频域中的至少一个正交频分复用 OFDM通道。
14、 一种终端， 其特征在于， 包括：
第二接收模块， 用于接收网络设备通过广播通道发送的数据包， 所述数 据包中包含终端的标识信息， 所述广播通道为所述网络设备根据终端标识信 息与广播通道的对应关系表中保存的终端的标识信息与广播通道的对应关 系， 确定的与所述终端的标识信息对应的广播通道， 所述确定的广播通道为 预设的多个广播通道的其中一个广播通道， 所述终端为所述确定的广播通道 对应的终端组中的任一个终端；
解调模块， 用于利用所述广播通道的调制参数， 解调所述数据包。
15、 根据权利要求 14所述的终端， 其特征在于， 还包括：
第二发送模块， 用于发送所述终端的特征信息给所述网络设备， 以使所 述网络设备根据所述终端的特征信息， 确定与所述终端的特征信息对应的广 播通道， 建立所述终端的标识信息与所述广播通道的对应关系表。
16、 根据权利要求 15 所述的终端， 其特征在于， 所述第二发送模块， 还用于向所述网络设备发送特征信息变更消息， 所述特征信息变更消息中包 括所述终端当前的特征信息， 以使所述网络设备根据所述终端当前的特征信 息， 确定与所述终端当前的特征信息对应的广播通道， 根据与所述终端当前 的特征信息对应的广播通道， 调整所述对应关系表中保存的所述终端的标识 信息与所述广播通道的对应关系；
或者所述第二发送模块，还用于向所述网络设备发送特征信息变更消息， 所述特征信息变更消息中包括所述终端当前的特征信息， 以使所述网络设备 根据所述终端当前的特征信息， 调整所述对应关系表中保存的与所述终端的 标识信息对应的广播通道的调制参数。
17、 根据权利要求 14-16中任一项所述的终端， 其特征在于， 所述解调 模块， 具体用于利用所述广播通道的调制参数， 解调所述广播通道中的数据 流， 所述数据流中包括所述网络设备根据预设的数据帧格式将所述数据包进 行封装处理后并调制到所述广播通道中的数据包，在所述解调出的数据流中 , 根据所述预设的数据帧格式及所述数据帧格式中的终端的标识信息， 获取所 述终端的数据包。
18、 根据权利要求 14-16中任一项所述的终端， 其特征在于， 所述终端 的特征信息包括信噪比、 服务等级和带宽需求中的一个或多个； 所述广播通 道包括： 不同时域的至少一个正交频分复用 OFDM符号， 或不同频域的至少 一个载波， 或频域中的至少一个正交频分复用 OFDM通道。
19、 一种多载波传输系统， 其特征在于， 包括权利要求 10-13中任一权 利要求所述的网络设备和权利要求 14-18中任一权利要求所述的终端。
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