WO2014008756A1 - 用于制备手性选择性和导电性选择性单壁碳纳米管的催化剂及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

用于制备手性选择性和导电性选择性单壁碳纳米管的催化剂及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2014008756A1
WO2014008756A1 PCT/CN2013/000830 CN2013000830W WO2014008756A1 WO 2014008756 A1 WO2014008756 A1 WO 2014008756A1 CN 2013000830 W CN2013000830 W CN 2013000830W WO 2014008756 A1 WO2014008756 A1 WO 2014008756A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
catalyst
metal
walled carbon
carbon nanotubes
temperature
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2013/000830
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李彦
杨烽
彭飞
杨娟
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Peking University
Original Assignee
Peking University
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Peking University filed Critical Peking University
Priority to EP13816443.9A priority Critical patent/EP2873457B1/en
Priority to JP2015520794A priority patent/JP5990329B2/ja
Priority to US14/414,098 priority patent/US9468911B2/en
Publication of WO2014008756A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014008756A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/70Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
    • B01J23/76Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
    • B01J23/84Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
    • B01J23/85Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
    • B01J23/888Tungsten
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/16Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
    • B01J23/24Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
    • B01J23/30Tungsten
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/16Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
    • B01J23/32Manganese, technetium or rhenium
    • B01J23/36Rhenium
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/38Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
    • B01J23/54Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
    • B01J23/56Platinum group metals
    • B01J23/64Platinum group metals with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
    • B01J23/652Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
    • B01J23/6527Tungsten
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/70Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
    • B01J23/76Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
    • B01J23/84Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
    • B01J23/889Manganese, technetium or rhenium
    • B01J23/8892Manganese
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/70Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
    • B01J23/89Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
    • B01J23/8933Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals also combined with metals, or metal oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
    • B01J23/8993Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals also combined with metals, or metal oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/08Heat treatment
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/16Reducing
    • B01J37/18Reducing with gases containing free hydrogen
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/15Nano-sized carbon materials
    • C01B32/158Carbon nanotubes
    • C01B32/16Preparation
    • C01B32/162Preparation characterised by catalysts
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82YSPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y40/00Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2202/00Structure or properties of carbon nanotubes
    • C01B2202/02Single-walled nanotubes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2202/00Structure or properties of carbon nanotubes
    • C01B2202/20Nanotubes characterized by their properties
    • C01B2202/22Electronic properties

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to single-walled carbon nanotubes, and more particularly to a catalyst for preparing single-walled carbon nanotubes having chiral selectivity and conductivity selectivity, as well as methods for their preparation and use. Background technique
  • carbon nanotubes especially single-walled carbon nanotubes, have become the focus of today's research due to their excellent properties.
  • Single-walled carbon nanotubes have a high aspect ratio and are typical one-dimensional nanomaterials.
  • Single-walled carbon nanotubes consisting of a graphite layer rolled into a cylindrical shape have an extremely high aspect ratio.
  • This special tubular structure determines the excellent physical, chemical, electrical and mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes, such as: High Young's modulus, tensile strength and thermal conductivity, ideal one-dimensional quantum wire and direct bandgap optical properties, can modify other molecules and have good biocompatibility.
  • Single-walled carbon nanotubes have chirality due to the difference in the direction in which the graphite layer is crimped.
  • the chirality of single-walled carbon nanotubes is represented by (n, m).
  • carbon nanotubes can be regarded as the projection of a two-dimensional graphite bee on the surface of a cylinder, when the circumference of the cylinder is just like the graphene sheet.
  • a Brillouin lattice vector R of a layer coincides, the projection of the graphite crucible on the surface of the cylinder can be realized.
  • chirality determines its physical and chemical properties, such as electrical conductivity.
  • SWNTs semiconducting/metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes
  • Semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes can be used as basic units for constructing nanoscale logic circuits, such as field effect transistors, pn junction diodes, and memory devices.
  • Metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes have high current density tolerance, small diameter, and chemistry. Excellent performance with high stability and high thermal stability, in logic Among the roads and molecular devices, it is the best connecting wire.
  • these applications depend to a large extent on the properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes such as diameter, chirality, electrical conductivity, etc., so selective growth of SWNTs is of great importance.
  • the inventors of the present invention conducted intensive studies and found that: by reducing a compound formed of a high-boiling metal tungsten and another metal by hydrogen gas, an alloy formed of tungsten and another metal is obtained, and the obtained alloy is used as a catalyst.
  • the present invention can be completed by growing single-walled carbon nanotubes having chiral selectivity and conductivity selectivity on a substrate.
  • A represents metal tungsten W
  • B represents a metal selected from one or more of the following: transition metal vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), (Ni), copper (Cu) , zinc (Zn), money (Rh), ruthenium (Ru), (Pd), platinum (Pt), gold (Au), silver (Ag), yttrium (Re), yttrium (Os), yttrium (Ir), And lanthanide rare earth metals;
  • y 0.01 -20.0.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a process for producing a catalyst for growing single-walled carbon nanotubes having chiral selectivity and conductivity selectivity, the catalyst being an alloy having the chemical composition represented by the above formula (I) , the method includes the following steps:
  • the metal oxide having the chemical composition represented by the following formula (II) is reduced in a hydrogen atmosphere at a temperature of 300 to 1500 ° C at a temperature increase rate of 10-10 (TC/min) to obtain the above formula.
  • represents metal tungsten W
  • B represents a metal selected from one or more of the following: transition metal vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu) , zinc (Zn), ruthenium (Rh), ruthenium (Ru), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), gold (Au), silver (Ag), ruthenium (Re), osmium (Os), yttrium (ir) , and lanthanide rare earth metals;
  • a is the oxidation number of the metal A
  • b is the oxidation number value of the metal B
  • y is 0 ⁇ ( ⁇ -20.0.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide the use of the above catalyst for the preparation of single-walled carbon nanotubes having chiral selectivity and conductivity selectivity.
  • Single-walled carbon nanotubes were grown on a substrate loaded with a catalyst at a temperature of 600 to 1500 ° C at a carbon source gas flow rate of 10 to 1000 ml/min by chemical vapor deposition.
  • the catalyst provided by the invention has the advantages that the catalyst metal component is difficult to volatilize, the metal element composition is fixed, the particle size is controllable, and the double/multi-metal synergistic effect is obtained, the production equipment is simple, the cost is low, and the catalyst can be selectively grown by the catalyst. Desirable chiral and electrically conductive single-walled carbon nanotubes.
  • Figure 1 shows the graph of the chirality (n, m) of the carbon nanotubes formed by the curling of the graphite sheet along the chiral vector R direction.
  • FIG. 2 shows a scanning electron micrograph of the carbon nanotube obtained in Example 1.
  • FIG. 3 shows a scanning electron micrograph of the carbon nanotube obtained in Example 2;
  • FIG. 4 shows the excitation of the carbon nanotube obtained in Example 1.
  • FIG. 4b shows a Raman spectrum of an excitation wavelength of 633 rnn of the carbon nanotube obtained in Example 1;
  • Figure 5 shows the Raman spectrum of the carbon nanotubes obtained in Example 2.
  • Figure 6 shows the Raman spectrum of the carbon nanotubes obtained in Comparative Example 1;
  • Figure 7 shows the Raman spectrum of the carbon nanotubes obtained in Comparative Example 2.
  • Figure 8 is a scanning electron micrograph showing a horizontal array of single-walled carbon nanotubes obtained in Example 6;
  • Figure 9 shows an X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) pattern of the catalyst obtained in the test example;
  • Figure 10 shows a high-resolution transmission electron microscope elemental analysis energy spectrum of the catalyst obtained in the test example;
  • Fig. 11 shows a high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) chart of the catalyst obtained in the test example.
  • A represents metal tungsten W
  • B represents a metal selected from one or more of the following: transition metal vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), manganese
  • Mn iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), ruthenium (Rh), ruthenium (Ru), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), gold ( Au ), silver (Ag ), antimony ( Re ), antimony ( Os ), antimony ( Ir ), and lanthanide rare earth metals;
  • y is 0.01-20.0.
  • lanthanide rare earth metal specifically, lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr), cerium (Nd), cerium (Pm), strontium (Sm), cerium (Eu), cerium (Gd), cerium (Tb), ⁇ (Dy), ⁇ (Ho), ⁇ (Er), ⁇ (Tm), ⁇ (Yb), ⁇ (Lu).
  • B represents a metal selected from one or more of the following: transition metal manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), Copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), vanadium (V), ruthenium (Rh), ruthenium (Ru); more preferably, B represents a metal selected from one or more of the following: manganese ( Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr); further preferably, B represents a metal selected from one or more of the following : Iron (Fe), Cobalt (Co), Nickel ( ⁇ ), Copper (Cu), Manganese (Mn), Chromium (Cr).
  • y is from 0.1 to 6.0, preferably from 0.2 to 4.0, more preferably from 0.2 to 1.0.
  • Binary catalyst WV, WFe L17 , WFe 2 , WFe, WCo, .i 7 . WCo 3 , WCo,
  • Three-way catalyst WCoNi, WFeNi 5 , WMn 3 Fe, WPtNi 10 , WRu 2 Fe 5 , WRhCo,
  • Multicomponent catalyst WFeCoNi, WFeCoMn, WFeCu 3 Ru, WMn 5 V 3 Cr, WRuPtAu, WFeo.iAuo. 2 no.i WFeRe 2 Mn, WOsCu 3 Mn 8 .
  • a process for producing a catalyst for growing single-walled carbon nanotubes having chiral selectivity and conductivity selectivity the catalyst having a chemical composition represented by the above formula (I), The method includes the following steps:
  • A represents metal tungsten W
  • B represents a metal selected from one or more of the following: transition metal transition metal vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper ( Cu), zinc (Zn), ruthenium (Rh), ruthenium (Ru), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), gold (Au), silver (Ag), yttrium (Re), yttrium (Os), yttrium ( Ir), and lanthanide rare earth metals;
  • a is the oxidation number of the metal ruthenium
  • b is the oxidation number value of the metal B
  • y is 0.01-20.0.
  • B represents a metal selected from one or more of the following: transition metal manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), Copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), vanadium (V), rhodium (Rh), ruthenium (Ru); more preferably, B represents a metal selected from one or more of the following: manganese ( Mn ), iron (Fe ), cobalt (Co ), nickel (Ni ), copper (Cu ), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr); further preferably, B represents a metal selected from one or more of the following : Iron (Fe), Co (Co), Nickel (Ni), Copper (Cu), Chromium (Cr)
  • y is from 0.1 to 6.0, preferably from 0.2 to 4, 0, more preferably from 0.2 to 1.0.
  • the inventors have found through research that the preparation method is very important for the performance of the obtained catalyst, and if other methods are used, the obtained catalyst does not have a catalytic effect of chiral selectivity and conductivity selectivity, although the reason for this is not clear.
  • hydrogen is used as a reducing gas for reducing a metal compound of the formula (II), and as the reaction proceeds, the metals A and B are continuously reduced and form an alloy having a special structural form and size, and the structure is single, It has uniform size and excellent catalytic activity for selective growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes, and can catalyze the growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes with desired chiral selectivity and conductivity selectivity.
  • the hydrogen flow rate is from 10 to 1000 ml/min, more preferably from 20 to 600 ml/min, still more preferably from 100 to 200 ml/min, and most preferably about 200 ml/min. If the hydrogen flow rate is higher than 1000 ml/min, the reduction reaction proceeds unevenly due to the excessive argon flow rate, and the selective catalytic effect of the obtained alloy is not good; on the contrary, if the hydrogen flow rate is lower than 10 ml/min, the hydrogen flow rate is excessive Low causes the reduction reaction to proceed incompletely, the reaction rate is too slow, the alloy particles are easily agglomerated, and the size of the obtained alloy is too large, and the selective catalytic effect is not good.
  • the reduction temperature is from 300 to 1500 °C. If the reduction temperature is lower than 300 °C, some of the metals cannot be reduced due to the low temperature, and the respective metal elemental particles are obtained, and the intermetallic compound (alloy) cannot be formed, which has no catalytic property; on the contrary, if the reduction temperature is higher than At 1500 °C, the metal gas formed by the reduction is melted due to the excessive temperature. The elemental composition and structural morphology of the alloy cannot be fixed, and the metal synergistic catalysis cannot be exerted. In addition, the temperature is too high, and the alloy phase composition It will change, causing the phase of some elemental metals to appear, affecting the catalytic effect. In a preferred embodiment, the reduction temperature is from 900 to 1100 ° C, more preferably from about 1000 to 1100 ° C.
  • temperature programming is a key factor in the performance of the resulting catalyst.
  • the term "programming temperature" is used to mean a temperature rise at a set temperature increase rate.
  • the entire temperature rising process includes only one temperature rising phase, i.e., the heating rate during the entire heating process is constant. In the case where the entire heating process includes a plurality of temperature rising stages, the heating rate is different for each heating stage.
  • the heating rate is in the range of 10 to 100 ° C / min, preferably in the range of ⁇ - 80 ° C / min, more preferably in the range of 10 - 60 ° C / min, still more preferably in the range of 40 - 60 Within the range of °C/min.
  • the metal oxide having the chemical composition represented by the formula (II) can be obtained by calcining a solution containing the element A and the element B, preferably at a temperature of from 200 to 900 ° C, more preferably from 500 to 700 ° C.
  • the calcination is carried out under aerobic conditions, for example, in air or in oxygen.
  • the calcination time is not particularly limited, but is preferably not less than 2 minutes, more preferably 3 to 10 minutes.
  • the solution containing the element A and the element B it can be carried out by a known method.
  • the method is for example:
  • the catalyst provided according to the present invention is capable of selectively catalyzing the growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes having chiral selectivity and conductivity selectivity, for which reason may be: for tungsten and other transition metals, noble metals or lanthanide rare earth metals
  • the binary metal alloy formed by the same because the melting point and boiling point of the metal tungsten are very high, the melting point and boiling point of the alloy are correspondingly increased, the metal component of the alloy is difficult to volatilize, and thus has a fixed metal element composition, and the obtained alloy particles
  • the size, composition, and structure are controlled to synergistically effect tungsten and other metals to selectively catalyze the growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes.
  • the use of the above catalyst for the preparation of single-walled carbon nanotubes having chiral selectivity and conductivity selectivity there is provided the use of the above catalyst for the preparation of single-walled carbon nanotubes having chiral selectivity and conductivity selectivity.
  • the present inventors conducted extensive experiments and studies, and as a result, found that when an alloy having a chemical composition represented by the formula (I) obtained by the method of the present invention is used as a catalyst, it is possible to directly grow a desired chirality on a substrate.
  • the present invention provides a method of providing single-walled carbon nanotubes having chiral selectivity and conductivity selectivity, the method comprising the steps of:
  • a single-wall carbon is grown on the substrate carrying the above catalyst by chemical vapor deposition through a carrier gas. nanotube.
  • the temperature at which the single-walled carbon nanotubes are grown by chemical vapor deposition is from 600 to 1 500 Torr, preferably from 800 to 1 300 ° C, more preferably from 900 to 1 100 °C. Within the temperature range, the desired single-walled carbon nanotubes can be grown. If the temperature is lower than 600 °C, the carbon source gas will be cracked into amorphous carbon or form multi-walled carbon nanotubes due to the too low growth temperature; conversely, if the temperature is higher than 150 (TC, the catalyst will be caused by excessive temperature The activity is reduced, and the hard catalytic effect, chiral selectivity and conductivity selectivity are reduced, and it is difficult to grow single-walled carbon nanotubes. It is also possible that the carbon source is strongly decomposed by high temperature, and the catalyst is poisoned, which is not conducive to carbon tube nucleation growth.
  • the carbon source gas has a flow rate of 10 to 1000 ml/min, preferably 10 to 800 ml/min, still more preferably 50 to 200 ml/min.
  • the carbon source gas flow rate is within this range, the obtained carbon nanotubes have desired chiral selectivity and conductivity selectivity. If the flow rate of the carbon source gas is higher than 1000 ml/min, the carbon supply rate will be too large, and an amorphous carbon inclusion will be generated to trap the catalyst and cause poisoning; on the contrary, if the carbon source gas flow rate is lower than 10 ml/min, carbon supply The rate is reduced to meet the carbon supply rate for specific chiral and conductive carbon tube growth.
  • the carbon source gas there is no particular limitation, and it can be used in the art.
  • a carbon source gas such as a low molecular organic substance such as methanol, ethanol, methane, ethane, acetylene or the like.
  • the carbon source gas can be bubbled in through the planting gas.
  • the planting gas is not particularly limited, and a carbon source gas commonly used in the art may be used, for example, an inert gas such as nitrogen gas, a rare gas (helium gas, argon gas, argon gas, etc.), which will not be described herein.
  • the carrier gas flow rate can be selected as needed, for example 50 200 ml/min. Alternatively, it is also possible to directly pass the carbon source gas without planting gas.
  • a flat, high temperature resistant metal substrate or non-metal substrate which is common in the art can be used.
  • the growth time is not particularly limited as long as it can satisfy the growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes having chiral selectivity and conductivity selectivity.
  • the growth time is preferably 5-30 min, more preferably 15-25 min. This is because if the growth time is too short, the growth of the single-walled carbon nanotubes may be insufficient, and if the growth time is too long, the reaction materials and time will be wasted.
  • the reaction vessel for performing chemical vapor deposition is not particularly limited, and a reaction vessel commonly used in the art, such as a quartz tube, may be used.
  • post-treatment can be carried out, for example, by reducing the temperature in a reducing gas such as hydrogen and/or an inert gas atmosphere.
  • a reducing gas such as hydrogen and/or an inert gas atmosphere.
  • single-walled carbon nanotubes having desired chirality and conductivity can be directly grown on a substrate, and can be used as a desired surface electrical device as needed.
  • Example 1 Tungsten-cobalt catalyst catalyzed selective growth of semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes.
  • 24H 2 0 dissolved in 75 mL of deionized water under stirring conditions 0.125 g of Na 2 W0 4 '2H 2 0 and 1.0 g of NaCl were respectively added; then the pH of the solution was adjusted to 1.0 with 4 mol.L of HCl; after stirring for 8 hours, the solution was filtered, and then the filtrate was slowly evaporated at room temperature.
  • the bubbling was stopped and cooled to room temperature under 100 ml/min H 2 and 300 ml/min Ar protection to obtain single-walled carbon nanotubes.
  • FIG. 2 A scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photograph of the obtained single-walled carbon nanotubes is shown in Fig. 2.
  • SEM scanning electron microscopy
  • the Raman pupil of the obtained single-walled carbon nanotube is shown in Fig. 4a and Fig. 4b (Fig. 4a shows the spectrum at an excitation wavelength of 532 nm, and Fig. 4b shows the spectrum at an excitation wavelength of 633 nm).
  • Fig. 4a shows the spectrum at an excitation wavelength of 532 nm
  • Fig. 4b shows the spectrum at an excitation wavelength of 633 nm.
  • the single-walled carbon nanotubes have higher semiconductor selectivity.
  • Example 2 Tungsten-cobalt catalyst catalyzed selective growth of chiral single-walled carbon nanotubes
  • the single-walled carbon nanotubes were grown in a manner similar to that in Example 1, except that the growth temperature was 1050 Torr instead of 950 ° C. Ethanol was bubbled with 200 ml/min of argon and 150 ml/min of hydrogen was mixed instead of 100 ml. /min hydrogen bubbling ethanol.
  • FIG. 3 A scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photograph of the obtained single-walled carbon nanotubes is shown in Fig. 3.
  • SEM scanning electron microscopy
  • the Raman pupil of the obtained single-walled carbon nanotube is shown in Fig. 5 (Fig. 5 shows a pupil having an excitation wavelength of 633 nm). As can be seen from Fig. 5, the single-walled carbon nanotubes have high chiral selectivity.
  • the mode-respiration vibrational peak (RBM) of single-walled carbon nanotubes characterized by Raman spectroscopy generally appears between 100 cm - ' ⁇ cn cnT 1 , which corresponds to the diameter and chirality of different single-walled carbon nanotubes.
  • the mode resonance respiration peaks (RBM) of single-walled carbon nanotubes resonating at 633 nm are in the same wave number (197 cm- 1 ).
  • This single-walled carbon nanotube corresponds to (12,6) chirality, but also There is also a small amount of other wavenumber (chiral) RBM single-walled carbon nanotubes, indicating that 197 cnT 1 in the sample corresponds to chiral (12,6) single-walled carbon nanotubes with higher selectivity.
  • Example 3 Tungsten-cobalt catalyst catalyzed selective growth of semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes Single-walled carbon nanotubes were grown in a manner similar to that in Example 1, except that: 50 ml of hydrogen was bubbled with 50 ml/min instead of 100 ml. /min Hydrogen is bubbled with ethanol and the growth temperature is controlled at 1200 °C instead of 950 °C.
  • Example 4 Tungsten-nickel catalyst catalyzed selective growth of semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes. 0.0029 g of Na 2 W0 4 and 0.0018 g of Ni(N0 3 ) 2 solids were dissolved in a mixed solvent of 10 ml of water and 40 ml of ethanol, respectively. , formulated into a solution having a nickel concentration of 0.2 mmol/L;
  • Ethanol was bubbled with 200 ml/min of hydrogen, and steam was introduced into the reactor, and the temperature of the reactor was adjusted at 1000 ° C for 15 min;
  • the bubbling was stopped and cooled to room temperature under 100 ml/min H 2 and 300 ml/min Ar protection to obtain single-walled carbon nanotubes.
  • the bubbling was stopped and cooled to room temperature under 100 ml/min H 2 and 300 ml/min Ar protection to obtain single-walled carbon nanotubes.
  • Example 6 Tungsten-rhenium-iron catalyst selective growth of chiral single-walled carbon nanotubes horizontal array Weighing 0.029 g of Na 2 W0 4 , 0.033 g of La(N0 3 ) 3 and 0.048 g of FeCl 3 solids were dissolved in 10 ml of water, respectively. And a solution of a tungsten element concentration of 2.0 mmol/L in a mixed solvent of 40 ml of ethanol;
  • the bubbling was stopped and cooled to room temperature under 100 ml/min H 2 and 300 ml/min Ar protection to obtain single-walled carbon nanotubes.
  • FIG. 8 A scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photograph of the resulting horizontal array of single-walled carbon nanotubes is shown in FIG. As can be seen from Fig. 8, the grown single-walled carbon nanotubes have a high density and are grown in a horizontal array and a quartz substrate surface.
  • a negative-loaded tungsten-cobalt alloy WC is laminated on a base single crystal silicon wafer. 1. 1 7 and WC. 3 (according to the literature Z. Anorg. Chem. 1938, 238, 270 synthesis), placed in a quartz tube reactor, bubbling ethanol with 100 ml/min of hydrogen, and passing steam into the reactor to adjust the reactor center temperature Growing at 950 °C for 15 min;
  • the bubbling was stopped and cooled to room temperature under 100 ml/min H 2 and 300 ml/min Ar protection to obtain single-walled carbon nanotubes.
  • Fig. 6 shows a spectrum having an excitation wavelength of 633 nm.
  • the single-walled carbon nanotubes are semiconducting and metallic, and are not selective.
  • a tungsten-nickel alloy WNi 4 (synthesized according to J. Met. 1949, 1, 267) was placed on a base single crystal silicon wafer, which was placed in a quartz tube reactor, and ethanol was bubbled with 200 ml/min of hydrogen. And the steam is introduced into the reactor, the temperature of the reactor is adjusted at 1000 ° C, and the growth is 15 min;
  • the bubbling was stopped and cooled to room temperature under 100 ml/min H 2 and 300 ml/min Ar protection to obtain single-walled carbon nanotubes.
  • Fig. 7 shows an aperture having an excitation wavelength of 633 nm.
  • the single-walled carbon nanotubes are semiconducting and metallic, and are not selective.
  • the tungsten-cobalt powder obtained in Example 1 was impregnated and supported on a SiO 2 ball carrier at a loading of 10 wt.%, dissolved in a mixed solvent of 10 ml of water and 40 ml of ethanol, and a small amount of the solution was dropped thereon.
  • the solvent On the base crystal silicon wafer in the quartz tube reactor, the solvent is rapidly spread and volatilized, and the temperature is raised to 700.
  • C calcined in air for 3 min, to obtain oxides of tungsten and cobalt, argon gas, temperature rising rate of 50 ° C / min for temperature programming, the temperature is raised to 1030 ° C, reduction, to obtain tungsten-cobalt
  • the catalyst was loaded with Si0 2 ball powder.
  • the obtained tungsten-cobalt catalyst-supported SiO 2 spherical powder was subjected to an X-ray diffraction test with an angular scanning range of 10° to 80°, and the results are shown in Fig. 9 .
  • Example 1 The ⁇ W 39 Co 6 ⁇ in Example 1 was dissolved in a mixed solvent of 10 ml of water and 40 ml of ethanol to prepare a solution having a concentration of 0.1 mmol/L; the solution was dropped on a Si 3 N 4 film (thickness 200 nm) The surface, after the solvent is volatilized, the temperature is raised to 700 ° C, calcined in air for 2 min to obtain oxides of tungsten and cobalt, hydrogen is introduced, and the temperature is raised to 50 ° C / min, the temperature is raised to At 1050 Torr, reduction was carried out to obtain a catalyst.
  • FIG. 10 shows the E D X ⁇ composition of the reduced W C o bimetallic catalyst particles, indicating that the catalyst particles contain two metal elements of WCo.
  • FIG. 11 A high resolution transmission electron microscope is shown in Figure 11. As shown in Fig. 11, the interplanar spacing of the nanoparticles is 0.23 nm, which is in contrast to the WCo 1 17 -(110) crystal plane of the alloy in the standard card database [Z. Anorg. Chem. 1938, 25S, 272]. The interplanar spacing (0.235 nm) corresponds to this, which is consistent with the (110) diffraction peak of the catalyst XRD in Figure 6.
  • the metal nanoparticles obtained after H 2 reduction at 1050 ° C are an alloy structure composed of WCo bimetal.
  • the structure of the catalyst characterized by XRD and HR-TEM was reduced to 1050 VH 2 to form the WCo alloy phase structure.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Nanotechnology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于制备手性选择性和导电性选择性单壁碳纳米管的催化剂,该催化剂为具有ABy化学组成的合金,A为金属钨W;B表示选自以下中一种或多种的金属:过渡金属锰、铁、钴、铜、锌、铬、钒、铑、钌,钯、铂、金、银、锇、铱,和镧系稀土金属;y为0.01-20.0。该催化剂可用于催化生长具有期望的手性和导电性的单壁碳纳米管。

Description

用于制备手性选择性和导电性选择性单壁碳纳米管的催化剂及其制备方 法和应用 技术领域
本发明涉及单壁碳纳米管, 特别涉及用于制备具有手性选择性和导电 性选择性的单壁碳纳米管的催化剂, 以及其制备方法和应用。 背景技术
作为典型的纳米材料, 碳纳米管, 特别是单壁碳纳米管由于具有优异 的性能而成为当今研究的重点。
单壁碳纳米管具有高的长径比, 是典型的一维纳米材料。 由卷成圆筒 状的石墨层构成的单壁碳纳米管具有极高的长径比, 这种特殊的管状结构决 定了碳纳米管具有优异的物理、 化学、 电学和机械性能, 例如: 极高的杨氏 模量、 抗拉强度和热导率, 理想的一维量子线和直接带隙光学性能, 能修饰 上其它分子并有较好的生物兼容性。 与结构相对单一的笼状富勒烯分子相 比, 这些优点赋予了碳纳米管在纳米电子器件、 光学器件、 化学生物传感器 和复合材料等诸多领域更为广阔的应用前景。
单壁碳纳米管由于其石墨层卷曲方向的不同而具有手性。 单壁碳纳米管 的手性以(n, m)表示, 如图 1所示, 碳纳米管可以看成是二维石墨蜂在圓柱 体表面的投影, 当圆柱体的圓周刚好与石墨烯片层的某一个布里渊晶格矢量 R重合时, 才能实现石墨浠在圆柱体表面的投影。 每一个布里 ¾晶¾ "矢: R, 是由两个石墨烯原胞矢量 Ri 和 R2 以及一对整数(n, m)组成: = " + Μ ¾ , 其中(n, m)定义为碳纳米管手性。 需要特别指出的是手性角 Θ为 0° 或 30° 的两类单壁管, 分别对应(n , 0)和(n, n)管, 它们都具有一个对称面, 因而 是非手性的。 其中, ( n , 0 ) 型称为锯齿型 ( Zigzag ) ; ( n, n ) 型称为扶手 椅型 ( Armchair ). 除这两种结构以外, 其他的单壁管都是手性的。 作为单 壁碳纳米管的基本性盾, 手性决定了其物理和化学性质, 例如导电性等。 当 n-m=3q , q为整数时, 单壁碳纳米管为金属性的, 否则, 单壁碳纳米管为半 导体性的。 因此, 通常制备得到的单壁碳纳米管中, 有 1/3(33%)为金属性碳 納米管, 另外 2/3(66%)为半导体性碳纳米管。
可控制备高纯度的手性、 半导体性 /金属性单壁碳纳米管 ( SWNTs ) 是 目前碳纳米管研究领域的核心技术, 决定了其在碳基电子学领域的应用前 景。 半导体性单壁碳纳米管可以用作构筑纳米级逻辑电路的基本单元, 如场 效应晶体管、 p-n结二极管和存储器件等; 金属性单壁碳纳米管具有电流密 度承受力强、 直径小、 化学稳定性高以及热稳定性高等优良性能, 在逻辑电 路和分子器件中, 它是最好的连接用导线。 但是, 这些应用在很大程度上取 决于单壁碳纳米管的性质,如直径、手性、导电性等等,所以选择性生长 SWNT 具有重要意义。
虽然现有技术中已经有关于物理化学法可控选择性分离单壁碳纳米管 的报道, 但这些文献中报道的技术步骤复杂, 而且分离效果不理想。
目前, 研究者通过等离子增强技术、 紫外光刻蚀、 掺杂氧化性碳源前 驱体、 调节碳源分压等方法, 可以直接生长具有半导体性选择性的单壁碳纳 米管; 通过在碳源中添加含疏元素的化合物可以得到较高选择性的金属性单 壁碳纳米管。 但是这些方法都只能得到体相型单壁碳纳米管, 而体相单壁碳 纳米管在硅基底上的单分散又是一大难题, 阻碍了其在场效应晶体管器件中 的应用; 在基底上利用克隆法可控生长单壁碳纳米管也可以得到较好的导电 性、 手性选择性, 但是该法较难实现大规模可控制备, 限制了进一步应用。
为了适应于表面电学器件研究, 直接在基底生长具有手性选择性和导 电性选择性 (即半导体性 /金属性) 单壁碳纳米管具有更大挑战和研究意义。 发明内容
为了解决上述问题, 本发明人迸行了锐意研究, 結果发现: 通过将高 沸点金属钨和其它金属形成的化合物通过氢气还原, 得到由钨和其它金属形 成的合金, 将所得合金用作催化剂, 可以在基体上生长得到具有手性选择性 和导电性选择性的单壁碳纳米管, 从而完成本发明。
本发明的目的在于提供一种用于制备手性选择性和导电性选择性单壁 碳纳米管的催化剂, 该催化剂为具有下式 ( I ) 所示的化学组成的合金:
ABy 式 ( I )
其中, A表示金属钨 W;
B表示选自以下中一种或多种的金属:过渡金属钒( V )、铬(Cr )、锰( Mn )、 铁 ( Fe )、 钴 ( Co )、 樣 ( Ni )、 铜 ( Cu )、 锌 ( Zn )、 钱 ( Rh )、 钌 ( Ru ), ( Pd )、 铂 ( Pt )、 金 (Au )、 银 (Ag )、 铼 (Re )、 锇 ( Os )、 铱 (Ir ), 和镧 系稀土金属;
y为 0.01 -20.0。
本发明的另一目的在于提供用来生长具有手性选择性和导电性选择性 的单壁碳纳米管的催化剂的制备方法, 所述催化剂为具有上述式 ( I ) 所示 的化学组成的合金, 该方法包括以下步骤:
在氢气氛下, 在 300~1500°C温度内, 在 10-10(TC/min的升温速率下程序 升温, 将具有下式 ( II ) 所示化学组成的金属氧化物还原, 得到具有上述式 ( I ) 所示化学组成的催化剂, AByO(a+by)/2 式 ( II )
其中, Α表示金属钨 W;
B表示选自以下中一种或多种的金属: 过渡金属钒 ( V )、 铬 ( Cr )、 锰 ( Mn )、 铁 ( Fe )、 钴 ( Co )、 镍 ( Ni )、 铜 ( Cu )、 锌 ( Zn )、 铑 ( Rh )、 钌 ( Ru ), 钯 ( Pd )、 铂( Pt )、 金( Au )、 银( Ag )、 铼( Re )、 锇( Os )、 铱( Ir ), 和镧系稀土金属;
a为金属 A的氧化数数值;
b为金属 B的氧化数数值;
y为 0·(Π -20.0。
本发明的再一目的在于提供上迷催化剂用于制备具有手性选择性和导 电性选择性的单壁碳纳米管的用途。
本发明的再一目的在于提供制备具有手性选择性和导电性选择性的单 壁碳纳米管的方法, 该方法包括以下步骤:
在 600〜1500°C温度下, 在 10~1000 ml/min的碳源气体流速下, 通过化学 气相沉积, 在负载有上迷催化剂的基体上生长单壁碳纳米管。
本发明提供的催化剂, 具有催化剂金属组分难挥发、 金属元素组成固 定、 颗粒尺寸大小可控、 双 /多金属协同效应等优点, 生产设备筒单, 成本 低, 通过该催化剂可以选择性生长具有期望的手性和导电性的单壁碳纳米 管。 附图说明
图 1示出石墨片沿手性矢 R方向卷曲形成碳纳米管手性 (n, m)示意 图
图 2示出实施例 1 中所得碳纳米管的扫描电子显微镜照片; 图 3示出实施例 2 中所得碳纳米管的扫描电子显微镜照片; 图 4示出实施例 1 中所得碳纳米管的激发波长 532 nm的拉曼光谱; 图 4b示出实施例 1 中所得碳纳米管的激发波长为 633 rnn的拉曼光 谱;
图 5示出实施例 2 中所得碳纳米管的拉曼光谱;
图 6示出对比例 1 中所得碳纳米管的拉曼光谱;
图 7示出对比例 2 中所得碳纳米管的拉曼光谱;
图 8示出实施例 6所得单壁碳纳米管水平阵列的扫描电子显微镜照 片;
图 9示出试验例中所得催化剂的 X-射线粉末衍射 (XRD ) 谙图; 图 10示出试验例中所得催化剂的高分辨透射电镜元素分析能谱图; 图 11示出试验例中所得催化剂的高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)图。 具体实施方式
下面通过对本发明进行详细说明, 本发明的特点和优点将随着这些说 明而变得更为清楚、 明确。
根据本发明的一方面, 提供一种用于制备手性选择性和导电性选择性 单壁碳纳米管的催化剂, 该催化剂具有下式 ( I ) 所示的化学组成:
ABy 式 ( I )
其中, A表示金属钨 W;
B表示选自以下中一种或多种的金属: 过渡金属钒 ( V )、 铬 ( Cr)、 锰
( Mn)、 铁 ( Fe)、 钴 ( Co )、 镍 ( Ni )、 铜 ( Cu)、 锌 ( Zn)、 铑 ( Rh )、 钌 ( Ru), 钯( Pd )、 铂( Pt )、 金( Au )、 银( Ag )、 铼( Re )、 锇( Os )、 铱( Ir ), 和镧系稀土金属;
y为 0.01-20.0。
作为镧系稀土金属, 具体提及镧(La)、 铈(Ce)、镨(Pr)、钕 (Nd)、 钷(Pm)、 钐(Sm)、 铕(Eu)、 钆(Gd)、 铽(Tb)、 镝(Dy)、 钬(Ho)、 铒(Er)、 铥(Tm)、 镱(Yb)、 镥(Lu)。
在优选的实施方式中, 在式 ( I ) 中, B表示选自以下中一种或多种的 金属: 过渡金属锰( Mn)、 铁( Fe)、 钴( Co)、 镍( Ni)、 铜 ( Cu)、 锌( Zn)、 铬 ( Cr )、 钒 ( V )、 铑 ( Rh )、 钌 ( Ru ); 更优选地, B表示选自以下中一种 或多种的金属: 锰( Mn)、 铁( Fe)、 钴( Co)、 镍( Ni )、 铜 ( Cu)、 锌( Zn)、 铬 ( Cr); 进一步优选地, B表示选自以下中一种或多种的金属: 铁 ( Fe)、 钴 ( Co )、 镍 ( Νί )、 铜 ( Cu )、 锰 ( Mn)、 铬 ( Cr)。
在优选的实施方式中, 在式 ( I ) 中, y为 0.1-6.0, 优选 0.2-4.0, 更优 选 0.2-1.0。
作为上述催化剂的实例, 具体提及具有以下化学组成的物质: 二元催化剂: WV、 WFeL17、 WFe2、 WFe、 WCo,.i7. WCo3、 WCo、
WNi、 WNi4、 WNi5.67 WCu0.67、 WCu5 25、 WRe、 WRe3、 WRe0 25、 WRe10 11
W13Re7、 WOs0 5、 WOs2、 WIr、 WPt2 WRh3、 WRh4、 WRu0.i8、 WRu1 5、 WEu0 i8、 WCe3、 WPr3;
三元催化剂: WCoNi、 WFeNi5、 WMn3Fe、 WPtNi10、 WRu2Fe5、 WRhCo,
WCu2Fe12、 WFeV4、 WRe0.i25Ni0 125、 WRu3Cu12 WPtCu10、 WM .5V0.63、
WLaFe3;
多元催化剂: WFeCoNi、 WFeCoMn, WFeCu3Ru、 WMn5V3Cr、 WRuPtAu, WFeo.iAuo.2 no.i WFeRe2Mn、 WOsCu3Mn8。 根据本发明的另一方面, 提供用来生长具有手性选择性和导电性选择 性的单壁碳纳米管的催化剂的制备方法, 所述催化剂具有上述式 ( I ) 所示 的化学组成, 该方法包括以下步骤:
在氢气氛下, 在 300~1500°C温度内, 在 10-100°C/min的升温速率下程序 升温, 将具有下式 ( II ) 所示化学组成的金属氧化物还原, 得到具有上述式 ( I ) 所示化学组成的催化剂,
AByO(a+by)/2 式 ( II )
其中, A表示金属钨 W;
B表示选自以下中一种或多种的金属: 过渡金属过渡金属钒 ( V)、 铬 ( Cr )、 锰( Mn )、 铁( Fe )、 钴( Co )、 镍( Ni )、 铜( Cu )、 锌( Zn )、 铑( Rh )、 钌 ( Ru ), 钯 ( Pd )、 铂 ( Pt )、 金 ( Au )、 银 ( Ag )、 铼 ( Re )、 锇 ( Os )、 铱 (Ir), 和镧系稀土金属;
a为金属 Α的氧化数数值;
b为金属 B的氧化数数值;
y为 0.01-20.0。
在优选的实施方式中, 在式 ( II ) 中, B表示选自以下中一种或多种的 金属: 过渡金属锰 ( Mn)、 铁 ( Fe)、 钴 ( Co )、 镍( Ni)、 铜 ( Cu)、 锌 ( Zn)、 铬 (Cr)、 钒 (V)、 铑 (Rh)、 钌 (Ru); 更优选地, B表示选自以下中一种 或多种的金属: 锰( Mn )、 铁( Fe )、 钴( Co )、 镍( Ni )、 铜( Cu )、 锌( Zn )、 铬 ( Cr); 进一步优选地, B表示选自以下中一种或多种的金属: 铁 ( Fe)、 钴 ( Co)、 镍 (Ni)、 铜 (Cu)、 铬 (Cr)„
在优选的实施方式中, 在式 ( Π ) 中, y为 0.1-6.0, 优选 0.2-4,0, 更优 选 0.2-1.0。
本发明人经过研究发现, 制备方法对于所得催化剂性能是非常重要的, 如果使用其他方法, 所得催化剂并不具有手性选择性和导电性选择性的催化 效果, 虽然为此的原因尚不清楚。
在所述方法中, 氢气作为还原性气体, 用于还原式 ( II ) 的金属化合 物, 随着反应进行, 金属 A和 B不断被还原并形成具有特殊结构形态和尺寸 的合金, 其结构单一、 尺寸均匀, 对于单壁碳纳米管的选择性生长具有优良 的催化作用, 能催化生长出具有期望的手性选择性和导电性选择性的单壁碳 纳米管。
在优选的实施方式中, 氢气流速为 10~1000 ml/min, 更优选为 20-600 ml/min, 还更优选 100~200 ml/min, 最优选约 200ml/min。 如果氢气流速高于 1000 ml/min, 则由于氩气流速过高导致还原反应进行得不均匀, 所得合金选 择性催化效果不佳; 反之, 如果氢气流速低于 10ml/min, 则由于氢气流速过 低导致还原反应进行得不彻底, 反应速率过慢, 合金颗粒易团聚, 所得合金 的尺寸过大, 选择性催化效果不佳。
在所述方法中, 还原温度为 300~1500°C。 如果还原温度低于 300°C, 会 由于温度过低导致部分金属不能还原出来, 得到各自的金属单质颗粒, 而不 能形成金属间化合物 (合金), 不具有催化性能; 反之, 如果还原温度高于 1500°C, 则会由于温度过高使得还原形成的金属气 (熔) 化, 合金的元素组 成和结构形貌无法固定, 不能起到金属协同催化的作用, 另外, 温度过高, 合金相组成会发生变化, 导致部分单质金属的相态出现, 影响催化效果。 优 选的实施方式中, 还原温度为 900~1100°C,, 更优选约 1000-1100°C。
在所迷方法中, 程序升温对于所得催化剂的性能是关键因素。 在本发 明中, 所用术语 "程序升温" 是指以设定的升温速率升温。 就整个升温过程 而言, 可以包括一个或多个程序升温阶段, 优选地, 整个升温过程仅包括一 个升温阶段, 即整个升温过程中的升温速率是恒定的。 在整个升温过程包括 多个升温阶段的情况下, 每个升温阶段的升温速率不同。 在本发明中, 升温 速率在 10-100°C/min范 围 内 , 优选在 ΙΟ-80'C/min范 围 内 , 更优选在 10-60°C/min范围内, 还更优选在 40-60°C/min范围内。
至于具有式 ( II ) 所示化学组成的金属氧化物, 可以通过将含有元素 A 和元素 B的溶液煅烧获得, 优选在 200〜900°C, 更优选在 500~700°C的温度下 煅烧。 煅烧在有氧条件下进行, 例如, 可以在空气中进行, 也可以在氧气中 进行。 煅烧时间没有特别限制, 不过优选不低于 2分钟, 更优选 3-10分钟。
至于含有元素 A和元素 B的溶液, 可以通过已知方法进行。 所述方法例 如:
( 1 ) 分别将钨的钠盐和金属 B的氯化物按期望比例混合, 充分研磨, 得到二元或多元金属混合盐, 将其溶于水 /乙醇溶液;
( 2) 将钨和金属 B的盐溶液混合搅拌, 在一定温度下水解;
( 3 ) 将钨的化合物如钨酸盐等和金属 B的盐溶液混合, 在一定 pH值条 件下反应, 蒸发、 结晶、 过滤, 得到钨和金属 B形成的化合物晶体, 将其溶 于溶剂如水和乙醇的混合溶剂。
关于上述已知方法, 具体可参见例如 Da/tow Trans., 2010, 39, 3884、 Chem. Mater., 2005, 17, 1367、 Appl. Catal. A Gen., 1998, 172, 265、 Inorg. Chem., 2010, 49, 4949、 Chem. Eur. J., 2008, 14, 1186、 Inorg. Chem" 2009, 48, 6452、 Dalton Trans., 2010, 39, 6460、 Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1997, 36, 1445、 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 11410、 Chem. Asian. J. 2006, 1, 352、 Chem. Commun.2007, (41), 4254、 Chem. Eur. J. 2008, 14, I Dalton Trans.2010 39 (28), 6460、 Inorg. Chem. 2009, 48, 6452、 Inorg. Chem. 2011, 50 (1), 136、 Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2005, 44, 3072、 Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2010, 49, 6984、 Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2008, 47, 688 1、 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 7016。
根据本发明提供的催化剂能够选择性催化生长具有手性选择性和导电 性选择性的单壁碳纳米管,为此的原因可能是:对于由钨与其他的过渡金属、 贵金属或镧系稀土金属等形成的二元以上金属合金, 由于金属钨的熔点和沸 点都非常高, 使得合金的熔点和沸点相应升高, 合金的金属组分难以挥发, 从而具有固定的金属元素组成, 所得合金的颗粒尺寸大小、 组成、 结构得以 控制, 进而发挥钨与其他金属的协同效应, 从而选择性催化生长单壁碳纳米 管。
不过, 需要说明的是, 上述机理仅是一种可能性推测, 本发明并不限 于此。
根据本发明的再一方面, 提供上述催化剂用于制备具有手性选择性和 导电性选择性的单壁碳纳米管的用途。 本发明人进行了大量试验和研究, 结 果发现, 当使用通过本发明方法获得的具有式 ( I ) 所示的化学组成的合金 作为催化剂时, 能够在基体上直接生长出具有期望的手性和导电性的单壁碳 纳米管。
特别地, 本发明提供了提供制备具有手性选择性和导电性选择性的单 壁碳纳米管的方法, 该方法包括以下步骤:
在 600~ 1 500 °C温度下, 在 10~ 100 ml/min碳源气体流速下, 通过载气通 入碳源气体, 通过化学气相沉积, 在负栽有上述催化剂的基体上生长单壁碳 纳米管。
在所述方法中 , 通过化学气相沉积生长单壁碳纳米管的温度为 600- 1 500 Ό , 优选为 800- 1 300 °C , 更优选 900- 1 100 °C。 在所述温度范围内, 能够生长出期望的单壁碳纳米管。 如果温度低于 600 °C, 则会由于生长温度 过低致使碳源气体裂解为无定形碳或形成多壁碳纳米管; 反之, 如果温度高 于 150(TC, 则会由于温度过高导致催化剂活性降低, 进而硬性催化效果, 手 性选择性和导电性选择性降低, 而且难以生长单壁碳纳米管, 还有可能高温 导致碳源剧烈分解, 使催化剂中毒, 不利于碳管成核生长。
在所述方法中,碳源气体流速为 10~ 1000 ml/min ,优选为 10-800 ml/min , 还更优选为 50〜200 ml/min。 当碳源气体流速在该范围内时, 所得碳纳米管具 有期望的手性选择性和导电性选择性。 如果碳源气体流速高于 1000 ml/min , 会导致供碳速率过大, 生成无定形碳包衮住催化剂, 使其中毒; 反之, 如果 碳源气体流速低于 1 0 ml/min, 供碳速率减小, 无法满足特定手性和导电性碳 管生长的供碳速率。
在所述方法中, 作为碳源气体, 并没有特别限制, 可以使用本领域常 用的碳源气体, 例如低分子有机物, 如甲醇、 乙醇、 甲烷、 乙烷、 乙炔等。 在所迷方法中, 碳源气体可以通过栽气鼓入。 作为栽气, 并没有特别 限制, 可以使用本领域中常用的碳源气体栽气, 例如惰性气体诸如氮气、 稀 有气体 (氦气、 氩气、 氩气等), 在此不做赘述。 载气流速可以根据需要加 以选择, 例如 50 200 ml/min。 作为替换, 也可以不需栽气而直接通入碳源气 体。
在所述方法中, 作为基体, 可以使用本领域常见的平整、 耐高温的金 属基底或非金属基底。
在所述方法中, 生长时间并没有特别限制, 只要能满足可以生长得到 具有手性选择性和导电性选择性的单壁碳纳米管即可。 不过, 生长时间优选 5-30 min, 更优选 15-25 min。 这是因为, 如果生长时间太短, 可能会导致单 壁碳纳米管生长不够完全, 如果生长时间太长, 会浪费反应原料和时间。
在所述方法中, 对于进行化学气相沉积的反应容器并没有特别限制, 可以使用本领域常用的反应容器, 如石英管。
在生长完成后, 可以进行后处理, 例如在还原性气体如氢气和 /或惰性 气体气氛下降温。 这些后处理都是本领域中已知的, 在此不做赘述。
通过所述方法, 能够在基体上直接生长得到具有期望的手性和导电性 的单壁碳纳米管, 可以根据需要作为期望的表面电学器件使用。
实施例
以下通过具体实例进一步描述本发明。 不过这些实例仅仅是范例性的, 并不对本发明的保护范围构成任何限制。 实施例 1 钨-鈷催化剂催化选择性生长半导体性单壁碳纳米管 称取 1.5 g K12[H2P2W12048].24H20 溶解于 75 mL去离子水, 在搅拌条件 下分别加入 0.125 g Na2W04'2H20和 1.0 g NaCl; 然后用 4 mol.L 的 HC1将溶 液 pH值调至 1.0; 继续搅拌 8小时后过滤溶液, 然后将滤液在室温下緩慢蒸发 溶 剂 ; 两 周 后 , 过 滤 、 洗 涤 得 到 褐 色 块 状 晶 体 , 其 为 ( Na18[{CoII(H2O)4 } 6{WIVO(H2O) } 3(P2W,v 12O40)3]-xH2O ), 简写为 {W39Co6} ;
将 {W39Co6}溶于 10 ml水和 40ml乙醇的混合溶剂中, 配置成浓度为 0.1 mmol/L的溶液;
蘸取少量溶液滴在置于石英管反应器中的基底单晶硅片上, 使溶剂迅 速铺展、 挥发, 升温至 700°C , 在空气中煅烧 2min, 得到钨和钴的氧化物, 通入氢气, 进行升温速率为 50°C/min的程序升温还原, 将温度升至 950°C , 进 行还原, 得到钨-钴催化剂 WCo0.15;
用 lOO ml/tnin氢气鼓泡乙醇, 并将蒸汽通入反应器, 调节反应器中心温 度在 950 °C, 生长 15min;
停止鼓泡, 在 100 ml/min H2和 300 ml/min Ar保护下冷却至室温, 得到 单壁碳纳米管。
所得单壁碳纳米管的扫描电子显微学(SEM)照片如图 2所示。 由图 2可 知, 所生长的碳纳米管密度较大, 呈薄膜状分布于硅片表面。
所得单壁碳纳米管的拉曼光谙如图 4a和图 4b所示 ( 图 4a示出激发波长 532 nm的光谱, 图 4b示出激发波长为 633 nm的光谱)。 由图 4a和图 4b可知, 该单壁碳纳米管具有较高的半导体选择性。
实施例 2 钨-钴催化剂催化选择性生长手性单壁碳纳米管
按照与实施例 1中类似的方法生长单壁碳纳米管, 区别仅在于: 生长温 度为 1050Ό而不是 950 °C , 用 200 ml/min氩气鼓泡乙醇并混合 150 ml/min氢气 来代替 100ml/min氢气鼓泡乙醇。
所得单壁碳纳米管的扫描电子显微学(SEM)照片如图 3所示。 由图 3可 知, 所生长的碳纳米管密度较大, 呈薄膜状分布于硅片表面。
所得单壁碳纳米管的拉曼光谙如图 5所示(图 5示出激发波长 633nm的光 谙)。 由图 5可知, 该单壁碳納米管具有较高的手性选择性。
通过拉曼光谱表征的单壁碳纳米管的模呼吸振动峰 (RBM) ,其一般出现 在 100 cm— '^ΟΟ cnT1之间, 分别对应着不同单壁碳纳米管的直径和手性。 在 633 nm波长激光共振的单壁碳纳米管的模呼吸振动峰(RBM)均在同一波数 (197 cm-1) , 这种单壁碳纳米管对应为 ( 12,6 ) 手性, 但也还含有少量的其他 波数 (手性) RBM的单壁碳纳米管存在, 说明样品中 197 cnT1对应着手性 ( 12,6 ) 的单壁碳纳米管具有较高的选择性。 实施例 3 钨-钴催化剂催化选择性生长半导体性单壁碳纳米管 按照与实施例 1中类似的方法生长单壁碳纳米管, 区别仅在于: 用 50 ml/min氢气鼓泡乙醇代替 100 ml/min氢气鼓泡乙醇, 生长温度控制在 1200°C 而不是 950 °C。 实施例 4 钨-镍催化剂催化选择性生长半导体性单壁碳纳米管 称取 0.0029 g Na2W04和 0.0018 g Ni(N03)2固体分别溶解在 10 ml水和 40 ml乙醇的混合溶剂中, 配成镍元素浓度为 0.2 mmol/L的溶液;
蘸取少量溶液滴在置于石英管反应器中的基底单晶硅片上, 使溶剂迅 速铺展、 挥发, 升温至 900 °C, 在空气中煅烧 3min, 得到钨和镍的氧化物, 通入氢气, 进行升温速率为 10 °C/min的程序升温, 温度升至 1000。C , 进行还 原, 得到钨-镍催化剂 WNi;
用 200 ml/min氢气鼓泡乙醇, 并将蒸汽通入反应器, 调节反应器中心温 度在 1000 °C, 生长 15min;
停止鼓泡, 在 100 ml/min H2和 300 ml/min Ar保护下冷却至室温, 得到 单壁碳纳米管。
实施例 5 钨-锰 -钒催化剂选择性生长金属性单壁碳纳米管
称取 0.0058 g Na2W04 0.0052 g Mn(Ac)2和 0.0023 gNa3V04固体分别 溶解在 10 ml水和 40 ml乙醇的混合溶剂中, 配成钨元素浓度为 0.4 mmol/L的 溶液;
蘸取少量溶液滴在置于石英管反应器中的基底单晶硅片上, 使溶剂迅 速铺展、 挥发, 升温至 800°C, 在空气中煅烧 5min, 得到钨 -锰-钒的氧化物, 通入氢气, 进行升温速率为 50°C/min的程序升温, 温度升至 1400。C, 进行还 原, 得到钨 -锰-钒金属催化剂 WM .sVo.M ;
再将管式炉温度降至 800 V , 用 500 ml/min氩气鼓泡乙醇, 并将 300 sccm氢气混合通入反应器, 调节反应器中心温度在 800 °C, 生长 15min;
停止鼓泡, 在 100 ml/min H2和 300 ml/min Ar保护下冷却至室温, 得到 单壁碳纳米管。
实施例 6 钨 -镧-铁催化剂选择性生长手性单壁碳纳米管水平阵列 称取 0.029 g Na2W04 , 0.033 g La(N03)3和 0.048 g FeCl3固体分别溶解 在 10 ml水和 40 ml乙醇的混合溶剂中, 配置成钨元素浓度为 2.0 mmol/L的溶 液;
蘸取少量溶液滴在置于石英管反应器中的基底石英片 (( 110 ) 晶向 ) 上, 使溶剂迅速铺展、 挥发, 升温至 900。C , 在空气中煅烧 5min, 得到钨-镧 -铁的氧化物; 通入氢气, 进行升温速率为 Ι ΟΟΌ/min的程序升温, 温度升至 1500Ό还原, 得到钨-镧 -铁三元金属催化剂 WLaFe3;
再将管式炉温度降至 650 V , 用较大流量的 800 ml/min氩气鼓泡乙醇 混合 800 sccm氢气通入反应器, 调节反应器中心温度在 650 °C, 生长 30min;
停止鼓泡, 在 100 ml/min H2和 300 ml/min Ar保护下冷却至室温, 得到 单壁碳纳米管。
所得单壁碳纳米管水平阵列的扫描电子显微学(SEM)照片如图 8所示。 由图 8可知, 所生长的单壁碳纳米管密度较大, 呈水平阵列生长与石英基底 表面。
对比例 1
在一个基底单晶硅片上分别层叠负栽钨-钴合金 WC。1 . 1 7和 WC。3 (根据 文献 Z. Anorg. Chem. 1938, 238, 270 合成), 将其置于石英管反应器中, 用 100ml/min氢气鼓泡乙醇, 并将蒸汽通入反应器, 调节反应器中心温度在 950 °C , 生长 15min;
停止鼓泡, 在 100 ml/min H2和 300 ml/min Ar保护下冷却至室温, 得到 单壁碳纳米管。
所得单壁碳纳米管的拉曼光谱如图 6所示(图 6示出激发波长为 633 nm 的光谱)。 由图 6可知, 该单壁碳纳米管同时具有半导体性和金属性, 不具有 选择性。
对比例 2
在基底单晶硅片上负栽钨-镍合金 WNi4 (根据文献 J. Met. 1949, 1, 267 合成), 将其置于石英管反应器中, 用 200 ml/min氢气鼓泡乙醇, 并将蒸汽通 入反应器, 调节反应器中心温度在 1000 °C, 生长 1 5min;
停止鼓泡, 在 100 ml/min H2和 300 ml/min Ar保护下冷却至室温, 得到 单壁碳纳米管。
所得单壁碳纳米管的拉曼光谱如图 7所示(图 7示出激发波长为 633 nm 的光谙)。 由图 7可知, 该单壁碳纳米管同时具有半导体性和金属性, 不具有 选择性。
试验例
将实施例 1中所得钨-钴粉末浸渍负载于 Si02球载体上, 负栽量为 10 wt.% , 溶于 10 ml水和 40 ml乙醇的混合溶剂中, 蘸取少量溶液滴在置于石英 管反应器中的基底单晶硅片上, 使溶剂迅速铺展、 挥发, 升温至 700 。C, 在 空气中煅烧 3min,得到钨和钴的氧化物,通入氬气,进行升温速率为 50 °C /min 的程序升温用, 将温度升至 1030 °C, 进行还原, 得到钨-钴催化剂负栽的 Si02 球粉末。 催化剂的 X-射线粉末衍射 (XRD )
将所得钨-钴催化剂负载的 Si02球粉末进行 X射线衍射测试, 角度扫描 范围 10°-80°, 结果示于图 9中。
从图 8中可以看出, 随着还原温度的升高, 出现箭头所示的衍射峰, 与 XRD标准卡片数据库比对,其中 2Θ=38°附近的衍射峰对应着合金相 WCo1J7 的(110)晶面。 说明随着还原温度的升高, WCo双金属催化剂出现了 WCo合金 相。 催化剂的高分辨透射电镜 (HR-TEM)
将实施例 1中的 { W39Co6}溶于 10 ml水和 40 ml乙醇的混合溶剂中,配置 成浓度为 0.1 mmol/L的溶液; 将溶液滴在 Si3N4薄膜 (厚度 200 nm ) 表面, 待 溶剂挥发后, 升温至 700°C, 在空气中煅烧 2min, 得到钨和钴的氧化物, 通 入氢气, 进行升温速率为 50°C/min的程序升温用, 将温度升至 1050Ό, 进行 还原, 得到催化剂。
对其进行高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)分析, 结果示于图 10中。 图 10所示 为还原后的 W C o双金属催化剂颗粒元素组成的 E D X诰, 说明催化剂颗粒中包 含 WCo两种金属元素。
高分辨透射电镜图示于图 11中。 如图 11所示, 纳米颗粒的晶面间距为 0.23 nm, 与标准卡片数据库中 [所引文献 Z. Anorg. Chem. 1938, 25S, 272]合 金相 WCo1 17 -(110)晶面的晶面间距(0.235 nm)相对应, 这与图 6催化剂 XRD 谘中的(110)衍射峰互相吻合。说明在 1050°C条件下 H2还原后得到的金属纳米 颗粒为 WCo双金属组成的合金结构。
综上表明, 用 XRD、 HR-TEM两种手段表征的催化剂结构在 1050 V H2 还原后形成了 WCo合金相结构。
以上接合具体实施方式和范例性实例对本发明进行了详细说明, 不过 这些说明并不能理解为对本发明的限制。 本领域技术人员理解, 在不偏离本 发明精神和范围的情况下, 可以对本发明技术方案及其实施方式进行多种等 价替换、 修饰或改进, 这些均落入本发明的范围内。 本发明的保护范围以所 附权利要求为准。
文中提及的所有文献, 在此全文引入作为参考。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1. 一种用于制备手性选择性和导电性选择性单壁碳纳米管的催化剂, 该催化剂为具有下式 ( I ) 所示的化学组成的合金:
ABy 式 ( I )
其中, A表示金属钨 W;
B表示选自以下中一种或多种的金属: 过渡金属锰 ( Mn)、 铁( Fe)、 钴
( Co). 镍( Ni )、 铜( Cu )、 锌( Zn )、 铬( Cr )、 钒( V )、 铑( Rh )、 钌 ( Ru ), 钯(Pd)、 铂 (Pt)、 金 ( Au)、 银( Ag)、 锇(Os)、 铱(Ir), 和镧系稀土金 属;
y为 0.01-20.0。
2. 如权利要求 1所述的催化剂, 其通过以下方法制备:
在氬气氛下, 在 300~1500°C温度下, 在 10-100°C/min的升温速率下程序 升温, 将具有下式 ( II ) 所示化学组成的金属氧化物还原, 得到具有上述式 ( I ) 所示化学组成的催化剂,
AByO(a+by)/2 式 ( II )
其中, A表示金属钨 W;
B表示选自以下中一种或多种的金属: 过渡金属钒 ( V)、 铬 ( Cr)、 锰 ( Mn )、 铁 ( Fe )、 ( Co), 镍 ( Ni )、 铜 ( Cu )、 锌 ( Zn )、 铑 ( Rh )、 钌 ( Ru), 钯( Pd )、 铂( Pt )、 金( Au )、 银( Ag )、 铼( Re )、 锇( Os )、 铱( Ir ), 和镧系稀土金属;
a为金属 A的氧化数数值;
b为金属 B的氧化数数值;
y为 0.01-20.0。
3. 根据权利要求 1所述的催化剂, 其中, 根据权利要求 1所述的催化剂, 其中, B表示选自以下中一种或多种的金属: 过渡金属锰 ( Mn)、 铁 ( Fe)、 钴 ( Co)、 镍 (Ni)、 铜 ( Cu)、 # ( Zn). 铬 ( Cr)、 钒 (V)、 铑 ( Rh)、 钌 (Ru); 更优选地, B表示选自以下中一种或多种的金属: 锰(Mn)、铁(Fe)、 钴 (Co)、 镍 (Ni)、 铜 (Cu)、 锌 (Zn)、 铬 (Cr); 进一步优选地, B表示 选自以下中一种或多种的金属: 铁(Fe)、 钴(Co)、 镍(Ni)、 铜 (Cu)、 铬 ( Cr);
y为 0.1-6.0, 优选 0.2-4.0, 更优选 0.2-1.0。
4. 根据权利要求 1所述的催化剂, 其具有如下任一项所述的化学组成: WV、 WFei.17、 WFe2、 WFe、 WCo1 17、 WCo3、 WCo、 WNi、 WNi4、 WNi567、 WCu067、 WCu5.25> WRe、 WRe3 WRe025、 WRe1011、 W13Re7、 WOs05、 WOs2、 WIr、 WPt2、 WRh3、 WRh4、 WRu0.i8、 WRui.5、 WEu0.i8、 WCe3、 WPr3; WCoNi. WFeNi5、 WMn3Fe、 WPtNi10、 WRu2Fe5、 WRhCo、 WCu2Fei2、 WFeV4、 WRe0 125Ni0 1 25、 WRu3Cui2、 WPtCuio; WMni.5V0 63、 WLaFe3、 WFeCoNi、 WFeCoMn. WFeCu3Ru、 WMn5V3Cr、 WRuPtAu, WFe0 1Au0 2Mn0 1、 WFeRe2Mn、 WOsCu3Mn8
5. 一种用来生长具有手性选择性和导电性选择性的单壁碳纳米管的催 化剂的制备方法, 所述催化剂为具有上述式 ( I ) 所示的化学组成的合金, 该方法包括以下步驟:
在氢气氛下, 在 300~1500°C温度下, 在 10-100°C/min的升温速率下程序 升温, 将具有下式 ( II ) 所示化学组成的金属氧化物还原, 得到具有上述式 ( I ) 所示化学组成的催化剂,
AByO(a+b y)/2 式 ( II )
其中, A表示金属钨 W;
B表示选自以下中一种或多种的金属: 过渡金属钒 ( V )、 铬 ( Cr )、 锰 ( Mn )、 铁 ( Fe )、 ( Co ). 镍 ( Ni )、 铜 ( Cu )、 锌 ( Zn )、 铑 ( Rh )、 钌 ( Ru ), 钯 ( Pd )、 铂( Pt )、 金( Au )、 银( Ag )、 铼( Re )、 锇( Os )、 铱( Ir ), 和镧系稀土金属;
a为金属 A的氧化数数值;
b为金属 B的氧化数数值;
y为 0.01 -20.0。
6. 根据权利要求 5所述的方法, 其中, 氢气流速为 10~1000 ml/min, 优 选 20-600 ml/min, 还更优选 100~200 ml/min, 最优选为 200 ml/min;
还原温度为 900~1100°C ;
程序升温速率为 10-80°C/min, 优选 10-60°C/min的, 更优选 40-60°C/min。
7. 根据权利要求 1-4中任一项所述的催化剂用于制备具有手性选择性和 导电性选择性的单壁碳纳米管的用途。
8. 制备具有手性选择性和导电性选择性的单壁碳纳米管的方法, 该方 法包括以下步骤:
在 600~1500°C温度下, 在 10~1000 ml/min的碳源气体流速下, 通入碳源 气体, 通过化学气相沉积, 在负栽有权利要求 1 -4中任一项所述的催化剂的 基体上生长单壁碳纳米管。
9. 根据权利要求 8所述的方法, 其中,
通过化学气相沉积生长单壁碳纳米管的温度为 600-1300°C , 更优选 900- 1100。C ;
碳源气体流速为 10-800 ml/min, 优选为 50~200 ml/min;
基体为平整、 耐高温的金属基底或非金属基底;
生长时间为 5~30 min。
PCT/CN2013/000830 2012-07-12 2013-07-10 用于制备手性选择性和导电性选择性单壁碳纳米管的催化剂及其制备方法和应用 Ceased WO2014008756A1 (zh)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP13816443.9A EP2873457B1 (en) 2012-07-12 2013-07-10 Catalyst for preparing chiral selective and conductive selective single-walled carbon nanotube, preparation method and application thereof
JP2015520794A JP5990329B2 (ja) 2012-07-12 2013-07-10 キラリティー選択性及び電気伝導性選択性を有する単層カーボンナノチューブを調製するための触媒及びその調製方法と応用
US14/414,098 US9468911B2 (en) 2012-07-12 2013-07-10 Catalyst for preparing chiral selective and conductive selective single-walled carbon nanotube, preparation method and application thereof

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201210241640.2A CN103537293B (zh) 2012-07-12 2012-07-12 用于制备手性选择性和导电性选择性单壁碳纳米管的催化剂及其制备方法和应用
CN201210241640.2 2012-07-12

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2014008756A1 true WO2014008756A1 (zh) 2014-01-16

Family

ID=49915362

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN2013/000830 Ceased WO2014008756A1 (zh) 2012-07-12 2013-07-10 用于制备手性选择性和导电性选择性单壁碳纳米管的催化剂及其制备方法和应用

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US9468911B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP2873457B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP5990329B2 (zh)
CN (1) CN103537293B (zh)
WO (1) WO2014008756A1 (zh)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114929620A (zh) * 2019-12-03 2022-08-19 剑桥企业有限公司 用于制备单壁碳纳米管的方法

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
TWI686239B (zh) 2014-09-23 2020-03-01 德商巴斯夫歐洲公司 使用聚鎢酸鹽分離半導性與金屬性單層壁奈米碳管
CN105565292B (zh) * 2014-10-29 2018-04-06 北京大学 一种超高密度单壁碳纳米管水平阵列及其可控制备方法
CN107601458B (zh) * 2017-09-12 2020-07-28 刘云芳 一种单壁碳纳米管的制备方法
DE112019005300T5 (de) * 2018-10-23 2021-07-22 Carbon Technology, Inc. Angereicherte Synthese von halbleitenden Nanoröhren
CN111112596B (zh) * 2018-11-01 2021-12-28 国家纳米科学中心 一种手性贵金属纳米颗粒及其制备方法和用途
CN111841561A (zh) * 2020-07-09 2020-10-30 江西铜业技术研究院有限公司 一种生长碳纳米管的高效催化剂及其制备和使用方法
CN112760677B (zh) * 2020-12-28 2021-12-10 中国科学技术大学 铱钨合金纳米材料、其制备方法及作为酸性析氧反应电催化剂的应用
CN114797864B (zh) * 2021-01-21 2024-02-02 北京大学深圳研究院 用于小直径体相单壁碳纳米管生长催化剂的制备方法
CN116159566A (zh) * 2022-11-18 2023-05-26 常州国重新材料科技有限公司 一种用于制备单壁碳纳米管的催化剂及其制备方法
WO2024190472A1 (ja) * 2023-03-10 2024-09-19 住友電気工業株式会社 炭素材料

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050112052A1 (en) * 2003-09-17 2005-05-26 Gang Gu Methods for producing and using catalytic substrates for carbon nanotube growth

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP3363759B2 (ja) * 1997-11-07 2003-01-08 キヤノン株式会社 カーボンナノチューブデバイスおよびその製造方法
CA2344180C (en) * 1998-09-18 2008-04-29 William Marsh Rice University Catalytic growth of single-wall carbon nanotubes from metal particles
US6333016B1 (en) * 1999-06-02 2001-12-25 The Board Of Regents Of The University Of Oklahoma Method of producing carbon nanotubes
WO2003037792A1 (en) * 2001-10-31 2003-05-08 National University Of Singapore Large-scale synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes by group viiib catalysts promoted by group vib metals
JP2004292231A (ja) * 2003-03-26 2004-10-21 Canon Inc ナノカーボン材料の製造方法
US7981396B2 (en) * 2003-12-03 2011-07-19 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Methods for production of carbon nanostructures
US20070189953A1 (en) * 2004-01-30 2007-08-16 Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique (Cnrs) Method for obtaining carbon nanotubes on supports and composites comprising same
US7485600B2 (en) * 2004-11-17 2009-02-03 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Catalyst for synthesis of carbon single-walled nanotubes
CN1673073A (zh) * 2005-03-11 2005-09-28 北京大学 一种合成单壁碳纳米管的方法
US20080274036A1 (en) * 2005-06-28 2008-11-06 Resasco Daniel E Microstructured catalysts and methods of use for producing carbon nanotubes
JP4197729B2 (ja) * 2006-12-21 2008-12-17 昭和電工株式会社 炭素繊維および炭素繊維製造用触媒
CN101582381B (zh) * 2008-05-14 2011-01-26 鸿富锦精密工业(深圳)有限公司 薄膜晶体管及其阵列的制备方法

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050112052A1 (en) * 2003-09-17 2005-05-26 Gang Gu Methods for producing and using catalytic substrates for carbon nanotube growth

Non-Patent Citations (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
ANGEW. CHEM. INT. ED. ENGL., vol. 36, 1997, pages 1445
ANGEW. CHEM. INT. ED., vol. 44, 2005, pages 3072
ANGEW. CHEM. INT. ED., vol. 47, 2008, pages 6881
ANGEW. CHEM. INT. ED., vol. 49, 2010, pages 6984
APPL. CATAL. A: GEN., vol. 172, 1998, pages 265
CHEM. ASIAN. J., vol. 1, 2006, pages 352
CHEM. COMMUN., vol. 41, 2007, pages 4254
CHEM. EUR. J., vol. 14, 2008, pages 1186
CHEM. MATER., vol. 17, 2005, pages 1367
DALTON TRANS., vol. 39, 2010, pages 3884
DALTON TRANS., vol. 39, 2010, pages 6460
DALTON TRANS., vol. 39, no. 28, 2010, pages 6460
INORG. CHEM., vol. 48, 2009, pages 6452
INORG. CHEM., vol. 49, 2010, pages 4949
INORG. CHEM., vol. 50, no. 1, 2011, pages 136
J. AM. CHEM. SOC., vol. 129, 2007, pages 7016
J. AM. CHEM. SOC., vol. 132, 2010, pages 11410
J. MET., vol. 1, 1949, pages 267
KIANG, C.-H. ET AL.: "Carbon Nanotubes with Single-Layer Walls", CARBON, vol. 33, no. 7, 1995, pages 903 - 914, XP004022504 *
LEE, C. J. ET AL.: "Carbon Nanotubes Produced by Tungsten-based Catalyst Using Vapor Phase Deposition Method", CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS, 6 August 2002 (2002-08-06), pages 469 - 472, XP055172899 *
NIU, ZHIQIANG ET AL.: "The effect of composition of the catalysts on the preparation of single-walled carbon nanotubes", ACTA PHYSICA SINICA, vol. 56, no. 3, March 2007 (2007-03-01), pages 1796 - 1801, XP008175221 *
Z. ANORG. CHEM., vol. 238, 1938, pages 270
Z. ANORG. CHEM., vol. 238, 1938, pages 272

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114929620A (zh) * 2019-12-03 2022-08-19 剑桥企业有限公司 用于制备单壁碳纳米管的方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US9468911B2 (en) 2016-10-18
CN103537293A (zh) 2014-01-29
EP2873457A4 (en) 2015-07-22
JP2015525670A (ja) 2015-09-07
CN103537293B (zh) 2015-12-16
JP5990329B2 (ja) 2016-09-14
EP2873457A1 (en) 2015-05-20
US20150209763A1 (en) 2015-07-30
EP2873457B1 (en) 2018-05-16

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO2014008756A1 (zh) 用于制备手性选择性和导电性选择性单壁碳纳米管的催化剂及其制备方法和应用
CN102781828B (zh) 碳纳米管取向集合体的制造方法
Kumar et al. Chemical vapor deposition of carbon nanotubes: a review on growth mechanism and mass production
KR101303061B1 (ko) 다중벽 탄소나노튜브 제조용 촉매조성물
CN101189371B (zh) 单壁碳纳米管催化剂
CN103189309B (zh) 通过化学气相沉积生产碳纳米结构和网状结构
CN108837838B (zh) 一种超小碳化钒嵌入碳纳米管材料、制备方法及其在水裂解产氢方面的应用
JP2013163635A (ja) 超低嵩密度のバンドル部分を有する高伝導性カーボンナノチューブ及びその製造方法
Cui et al. A versatile method for the encapsulation of various non-precious metal nanoparticles inside single-walled carbon nanotubes
Zhao et al. Graphene oxide-supported cobalt tungstate as catalyst precursor for selective growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes
CN104493190B (zh) 一种石墨/碳化铁/铁纳米复合材料的生产方法
CN104609386B (zh) 单壁碳纳米管的定位生长方法
KR101094454B1 (ko) 촉매 제조 방법 및 탄소나노튜브의 합성방법
CN113101981B (zh) 碳纳米管制备用催化剂的制备方法
US7556788B2 (en) Process for preparing boron carbon nanorods
WO2014071693A1 (zh) 单壁碳纳米管的定位生长方法
Pacheco‐Espinoza et al. Topotactical Route to Multiwalled Cerium Oxide Nanotubes from MWCNTs
CN116375004A (zh) 一种以甲烷为碳源、高熔点金属氧化物辅助催化生长窄直径分布的单壁碳纳米管的制备方法
JP2006181477A (ja) 気相成長法炭素繊維製造用触媒および炭素繊維の製造方法
CN111924826A (zh) 一种窄直径分布、高纯度金属性单壁碳纳米管的制备方法
Khiriya et al. Development of Fe/Ru Bimetallic Nanoparticles for Promising Application in the Selective synthesis of SWNTs
Fakhroueian et al. Investigation of fine nanoparticles syngas catalyst (POM) considering their various morphology
JP2011173087A (ja) カーボンナノコイル製造用触媒及びその製造方法
US20120128565A1 (en) Boron carbon nanorods
TWI343361B (en) Method for making carbon nanotubes

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 13816443

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 2015520794

Country of ref document: JP

Kind code of ref document: A

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 14414098

Country of ref document: US

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 2013816443

Country of ref document: EP