WO2014010246A1 - Capteur de combustion - Google Patents

Capteur de combustion Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014010246A1
WO2014010246A1 PCT/JP2013/004289 JP2013004289W WO2014010246A1 WO 2014010246 A1 WO2014010246 A1 WO 2014010246A1 JP 2013004289 W JP2013004289 W JP 2013004289W WO 2014010246 A1 WO2014010246 A1 WO 2014010246A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
piezoelectric element
axial direction
spark plug
electrode
insulator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/JP2013/004289
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
晃 小野寺
一重 遠田
淳一 小山
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TDK Corp
Original Assignee
TDK Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by TDK Corp filed Critical TDK Corp
Publication of WO2014010246A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014010246A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P13/00—Sparking plugs structurally combined with other parts of internal-combustion engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D35/00—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F02D35/02—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for on interior conditions
    • F02D35/023—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for on interior conditions by determining the cylinder pressure
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L23/00—Devices or apparatus for measuring or indicating or recording rapid changes, such as oscillations, in the pressure of steam, gas, or liquid; Indicators for determining work or energy of steam, internal-combustion, or other fluid-pressure engines from the condition of the working fluid
    • G01L23/22—Devices or apparatus for measuring or indicating or recording rapid changes, such as oscillations, in the pressure of steam, gas, or liquid; Indicators for determining work or energy of steam, internal-combustion, or other fluid-pressure engines from the condition of the working fluid for detecting or indicating knocks in internal-combustion engines; Units comprising pressure-sensitive members combined with ignitors for firing internal-combustion engines
    • G01L23/221—Devices or apparatus for measuring or indicating or recording rapid changes, such as oscillations, in the pressure of steam, gas, or liquid; Indicators for determining work or energy of steam, internal-combustion, or other fluid-pressure engines from the condition of the working fluid for detecting or indicating knocks in internal-combustion engines; Units comprising pressure-sensitive members combined with ignitors for firing internal-combustion engines for detecting or indicating knocks in internal combustion engines
    • G01L23/222—Devices or apparatus for measuring or indicating or recording rapid changes, such as oscillations, in the pressure of steam, gas, or liquid; Indicators for determining work or energy of steam, internal-combustion, or other fluid-pressure engines from the condition of the working fluid for detecting or indicating knocks in internal-combustion engines; Units comprising pressure-sensitive members combined with ignitors for firing internal-combustion engines for detecting or indicating knocks in internal combustion engines using piezoelectric devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
    • H01T13/20—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
    • H01T13/40—Sparking plugs structurally combined with other devices

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a combustion sensor for detecting a combustion pressure in a combustion chamber in an internal combustion engine such as an engine, and more particularly, a plug-type combustion sensor to which a sensor for detecting pressure fluctuations in the combustion chamber is added and fixed to a cylinder head of the engine.
  • a combustion sensor for detecting a combustion pressure in a combustion chamber in an internal combustion engine such as an engine
  • a plug-type combustion sensor to which a sensor for detecting pressure fluctuations in the combustion chamber is added and fixed to a cylinder head of the engine.
  • Non-Patent Document 1 discloses a configuration in which a piezoelectric element is fixed to a hook-shaped member and the pressure change is measured by fixing the hook-shaped member to a spark plug. Is disclosed. Patent Document 1 discloses a configuration in which an element for pressure measurement is embedded in the spark plug in parallel with the ignition configuration and directly contacts the combustion chamber. Patent Document 2 discloses a configuration in which a ring-shaped piezoelectric element is formed and the piezoelectric element is sandwiched and fixed between an outer wall of an engine cylinder and a spark plug. Patent Document 3 discloses a configuration in which a diaphragm-type pressure detection element is arranged inside a spark plug, and thereby the combustion pressure is measured.
  • an annular groove is disposed between an insulator disposed around the center electrode of a spark plug and a so-called washer disposed around the insulator, and the piezoelectric element in the annular groove is provided.
  • a configuration to be arranged is disclosed.
  • JP 2001-093646 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 05-203526 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 03-216983 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 04-034327
  • Non-Patent Document 1 In the case of the configuration disclosed in Non-Patent Document 1 described above, it is necessary to add a male thread portion to the engine cylinder, which is problematic in terms of versatility. In the case of the configuration disclosed in Patent Document 1, the spark plug itself has a large diameter, which still cannot solve the problem in terms of versatility. In addition, when using a so-called washer type pressure sensor disclosed in Patent Document 2, there is a risk that the pressure sensor may be damaged due to a tightening condition or inclination when teaching. In the case of the configuration shown in Patent Document 3, there is a high possibility that adhesion of carbon or the like generated during combustion occurs on the diaphragm serving as the pressure receiving portion, and the sensitivity decreases with time. Furthermore, in the case of the configuration shown in Patent Document 4, the piezoelectric element itself is exposed to a high temperature, so that there is a problem that the demand for durability becomes very severe.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above situation, and can be attached to the combustion chamber without requiring any additional work, and has excellent durability and suppresses the influence of temperature drift and the like.
  • An object is to provide a plug-type combustion sensor.
  • a spark plug according to the present invention includes a cylindrical insulator portion through which an electrode material penetrates in an axial direction, and an internal combustion chamber that partially accommodates the insulator portion in the axial direction from one end side
  • a spark plug having a conductive socket screwed and fixed to the outer wall of the engine, and having a hollow cylindrical shape having piezoelectric characteristics in the axial direction.
  • the piezoelectric element is further characterized in that it is sandwiched in the axial direction between the end face in the axial direction of the enlarged diameter portion and the flange provided in the socket.
  • the piezoelectric element is preferably made of a single crystal having a preferential orientation in the axial direction. Furthermore, in this case, the piezoelectric element has a first electrode formed on one end surface and the outer peripheral surface in the axial direction, and a second electrode formed on the other end surface and the inner peripheral surface in the axial direction, It is preferable to generate a potential between the first electrode and the second electrode when pressure is applied to the insulator. More preferably, the piezoelectric element is disposed between the surface of the flange portion toward one end of the socket and the receiving surface of the lever portion toward the other end portion. Furthermore, it is more preferable to have a collar member that comes into contact with the end face of the piezoelectric element between at least one of the piezoelectric element and the collar and between the piezoelectric element and the receiving surface.
  • temperature drift, etc. is excellent in versatility so that it can be attached to the combustion chamber without requiring any additional work, and maintains high durability. It becomes possible to measure the combustion pressure while suppressing the influence of the above.
  • FIGS. 2A and 2B are diagrams showing the structure of the piezoelectric element 21 used in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, wherein FIG. 2A shows the structure of an axial cross section, and FIG. 2B shows the direction of the arrow A in FIG.
  • FIG. 2 (c) is a diagram schematically showing the state seen from the direction of arrow B in FIG. 2 (a).
  • FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram schematically showing a configuration for obtaining a voltage value corresponding to a combustion pressure from a piezoelectric element 21 in the spark plug shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 4A and 4B are diagrams showing a structure of an ignition plug according to a second embodiment of the present invention, in which FIG. 4A is an axial sectional structure, and FIG. Each state is shown. It is a figure which shows typically the structure of the axial cross section of the ignition plug in 3rd embodiment of this invention.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows a cross-sectional structure of a plug type combustion sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention when the plug type combustion sensor is cut in the axial direction.
  • a terminal 11, an insulator portion 13, a socket 15, and an electrode portion 17, which are basic configurations, are arranged from one end portion toward the other end portion in the axial direction.
  • the insulator part 13 has a shaft hole 13a penetrating the center, and a center electrode 19 for electrically connecting the terminal 11 and the electrode part 17 is disposed in the shaft hole 13a. That is, it has a cylindrical shape through which the insulator 13 and the center electrode 19 made of an electrode material penetrate in the axial direction of the spark plug 100.
  • the socket 15 also has an insulator hole 15a penetrating in the axial direction, and the insulator portion 13 is fitted into the insulator hole 15a and fixed on the opposite side of the terminal 11 in the axial direction.
  • the socket 15 has a male screw part 15c on the outer periphery from the other end, and is fixed to the engine by screwing the male screw part 15c into an engine cylinder (not shown). That is, the socket 15 partially accommodates the lever portion 13 from one end side in the axial direction of the spark plug 100 and is screwed and fixed to the engine cylinder which is the outer wall of the internal combustion engine.
  • the piezoelectric element 21 functioning as a pressure sensor is sandwiched between the socket 15 and the insulator 13. Specifically, a receiving surface 13b directed to one end in the axial direction is disposed in a region disposed in the lever hole 15a in the lever portion 13, and one end side of the lever hole 15a of the socket 15 is disposed. A flange portion 15d projecting inward is disposed in the opening, and the piezoelectric element 21 is sandwiched and fixed between the receiving surface 13b and the flange portion 15d.
  • a collar member 23 is disposed between the flange portion 15d and the piezoelectric element 21 in order to suitably abut one end surface of the piezoelectric element 21 described later with respect to the receiving surface 13b. It is possible to urge the piezoelectric element 21 in the direction of the receiving surface 13b in a range wider than the protruding area of 15d.
  • FIG. 2A is a diagram showing a cross section in the axial direction of the piezoelectric element 21, and FIG. 2B is a diagram showing a structure when the piezoelectric element 21 is viewed from the direction of arrow A in FIG. 2A.
  • FIG. 2 (c) is a diagram showing a structure when the piezoelectric element 21 is viewed from the direction of arrow B in FIG. 2 (a).
  • the piezoelectric element 21 includes a CNGS single crystal 31, a first electrode 33, and a second electrode 35.
  • the CNGS single crystal 31 has a hollow ring (cylindrical) shape having a thickness, and has a preferred orientation in the thickness direction.
  • the first electrode 33 is formed so as to cover one end surface of the ring shape and the outer peripheral surface.
  • the second electrode 35 is formed so as to cover the other end surface of the ring shape and the inner peripheral surface.
  • FIG. 3 schematically shows the principle of combustion pressure measurement when the piezoelectric element 21 is used.
  • One end of the hollow piezoelectric element 21 is fixed and disposed so that the combustion pressure is applied in the thickness direction, that is, the axial direction from the other end. In other words, it is preferable to match the priority direction with this so that the piezoelectric characteristics are preferably presented in the axial direction.
  • a pressure resulting from the combustion pressure is applied in the axial direction of the piezoelectric element 21, a potential is generated between the first electrode 33 and the second electrode 35. By measuring this potential, it is possible to know the pressure applied to the piezoelectric element 21.
  • the piezoelectric element 21 has a hollow cylindrical shape having piezoelectric characteristics in the axial direction as described herein, and the insulator portion 13 is fitted into the hollow cylinder.
  • the pressure receiving direction is preferably the compression side.
  • the piezoelectric element 21 is provided with a receiving surface 13b provided at the enlarged diameter portion of the lever portion 13 and a flange portion 15d provided at the socket 15. A suitable output voltage value can be obtained. Accordingly, the piezoelectric element 21 can be arranged at various positions in the axial direction of the spark plug 100 according to the required characteristics as long as the conditions are satisfied.
  • the piezoelectric element 21 having the above-described configuration by disposing the piezoelectric element 21 having the above-described configuration on the spark plug 100, it is possible to use an element made of a piezoelectric material having a high high temperature resistivity, and detecting pressure directly from the combustion chamber. Is possible. Further, by adopting a configuration in which the piezoelectric element 21 for pressure detection is directly mounted in the spark plug 100, it is not necessary to arrange an additional configuration for sensor attachment in the engine cylinder, and high versatility is obtained. In addition, since the configuration is simple, it is not necessary to increase the diameter of the spark plug 100, and it is possible to detect and control the combustion state by arranging the spark plug 100 for each cylinder in the engine. Accordingly, direct combustion control of each cylinder can be performed. In addition, since the spark plug 100 has a simple shape of the element itself, it is possible to provide an inexpensive sensor having high rigidity.
  • the degree of freedom of mounting the piezoelectric element is high, a configuration for protecting the sensor is not required for the case where a diaphragm or the like is used, and thus the reliability can be easily improved.
  • the application range of the piezoelectric element is wide, and it is easy to obtain a sensor that can be used even in an environment of 500 ° C. or more, a cooling circuit is not required, and no special mechanism is required.
  • the structure is simple, noise countermeasures are easy, and a shield and a structure for temperature calibration that can accurately detect a weak charge even in a high voltage environment can be easily obtained.
  • the pressure applied to the plug is directly detected, providing excellent responsiveness, and the angle phase and pressure fluctuations during engine operation can be detected in real time, so abnormal combustion and weak torque fluctuations can be detected. Efficient combustion can be realized. Furthermore, it is possible to contribute to the construction of an ideal combustion system.
  • FIG. 4A is a schematic diagram showing the spark plug 200 according to the present embodiment in the same manner as FIG. 1, and FIG. 4B shows the spark plug 200 shown in FIG. It shows a state of being disassembled.
  • the piezoelectric element 21 is sandwiched in the axial direction by the collar member 23 and the second collar member 25, and these are fixed to the socket 15 by the cap 27.
  • the cap 27 is fixed to the socket 15 with screws.
  • the piezoelectric element 21 is sandwiched and fixed by the pair of collar members, whereby the positional relationship and posture between the insulator portion 13 and the piezoelectric element 21 in the axial direction can be kept constant.
  • the cap 27 is integrated with the socket 15, and the piezoelectric element 21 is sandwiched between the receiving surface 13 b of the flange portion of the lever portion 13 and the cap 27.
  • the insulator 13 transmits the pressure in the right direction in the figure, which is the axial direction.
  • the socket 15 is not subjected to pressure because it is fixed to an engine cylinder (not shown). Due to this difference, pressure is applied to the piezoelectric element 21, and a suitable output voltage can be generated.
  • the piezoelectric element 21 may be brought into contact with the end face.
  • Use for both is suitable for suitably controlling the posture of the piezoelectric element 21 with respect to the pressure application direction, but it is preferable to appropriately adjust the number of the collar portions in order to obtain pressure fluctuation more directly.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing a spark plug 300 according to the present embodiment in the same manner as FIG.
  • the piezoelectric element 21 is disposed closer to the ground side electrode side of the spark plug 300 than in the first embodiment.
  • the insulator portion 13 basically has a cylindrical shape and has a region whose diameter is increased near the central portion in the axial direction.
  • One end side of the enlarged diameter portion is located at or near the opening when the insulator portion 13 is inserted into the socket 15 during assembly, and the other end contacts the inner wall of the socket 15 at the back of the socket 15.
  • the positional relationship with the socket 15 is defined by contact.
  • an area corresponding to the receiving surface 13b and the flange portion 15d in the first embodiment described above is formed in this contact portion, and the piezoelectric element 21 is fixed to the insulator portion 13 via the collar member 23. is doing.
  • the piezoelectric element 21 it is possible to arrange the piezoelectric element 21 at a position closer to the actual pressure applying portion as compared with the first or second embodiment. Therefore, it is possible to sense the pressure fluctuation due to combustion in more detail, suppress the voltage conversion loss from the charge, and increase the sensitivity as a pressure sensor.
  • the piezoelectric element 21 a material made of a single crystal having a piezoelectric property such as CNGS having a hollow ring shape and having a preferred orientation in the thickness direction is used. Compared with a case where a pressure sensor made of a piezoelectric element formed by bonding a known thin plate member is used, for example, a value more than doubled is obtained as an output voltage when a pressure of 7 Mpa is applied. Further, the output variation itself can be suppressed to 1/2 or less by using a hollow ring-shaped one.
  • the amount of deformation and deflection varies depending on the individual thin plate, but in the case of this embodiment, the manner of bending in the length direction of the cylinder is stable in shape, and variations in output location are caused. It is possible to suppress it.
  • the present invention it is possible to measure the combustion pressure of an engine or the like by lowering the currently used spark plug from the plug type pressure sensor according to the present invention. Also, since it is not different in size from ordinary spark plugs, it can be arranged for each cylinder like the current spark plug, and the combustion pressure of each cylinder can be independently controlled. Become.
  • the deformation of the insulator portion can be directly detected and associated with the pressure value, highly sensitive measurement can be performed. For the same reason, a so-called peak waveform of the pressure change can be suitably obtained, and data necessary for improving the fuel supply amount and the compression ratio can be obtained. Furthermore, it is possible to use a simple structure and a high-strength piezoelectric element itself, and it is possible to obtain durability as a sensor.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)
  • Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Spark Plugs (AREA)
PCT/JP2013/004289 2012-07-12 2013-07-11 Capteur de combustion Ceased WO2014010246A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2012156208A JP2014022048A (ja) 2012-07-12 2012-07-12 燃焼センサ
JP2012-156208 2012-07-12

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WO2014010246A1 true WO2014010246A1 (fr) 2014-01-16

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2016054328A1 (fr) * 2014-10-03 2016-04-07 Cummins, Inc. Gestion de l'énergie d'allumage variable
US9771917B2 (en) 2014-10-03 2017-09-26 Cummins Inc. Variable ignition energy management
US11536239B2 (en) 2019-05-21 2022-12-27 Cummins Inc. Variable energy ignition systems, methods, and apparatuses

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS60164786U (ja) * 1984-04-11 1985-11-01 リオン株式会社 圧力受感素子を備えた点火栓
JPS62176994U (fr) * 1986-04-30 1987-11-10
JPH06132066A (ja) * 1992-10-15 1994-05-13 Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd 圧力センサ内蔵スパークプラグ

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS60164786U (ja) * 1984-04-11 1985-11-01 リオン株式会社 圧力受感素子を備えた点火栓
JPS62176994U (fr) * 1986-04-30 1987-11-10
JPH06132066A (ja) * 1992-10-15 1994-05-13 Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd 圧力センサ内蔵スパークプラグ

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2016054328A1 (fr) * 2014-10-03 2016-04-07 Cummins, Inc. Gestion de l'énergie d'allumage variable
US9771917B2 (en) 2014-10-03 2017-09-26 Cummins Inc. Variable ignition energy management
US9926904B2 (en) 2014-10-03 2018-03-27 Cummins, Inc. Variable ignition energy management
US11536239B2 (en) 2019-05-21 2022-12-27 Cummins Inc. Variable energy ignition systems, methods, and apparatuses
US11840996B2 (en) 2019-05-21 2023-12-12 Cummins Inc. Variable energy ignition systems, methods, and apparatuses

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2014022048A (ja) 2014-02-03

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