WO2014015895A1

WO2014015895A1 - Signaling a new information element for the mobility state estimate of moving relay user equipments

Info

Publication number: WO2014015895A1
Application number: PCT/EP2012/064471
Authority: WO
Inventors: Ömer BULAKCI; Ahmad AWADA; Ingo Viering; Simone Redana; Richard Waldhauser
Original assignee: Nokia Siemens Networks Oy
Current assignee: Nokia Solutions and Networks Oy
Priority date: 2012-07-24
Filing date: 2012-07-24
Publication date: 2014-01-30
Anticipated expiration: 2015-01-24
Also published as: US9838926B2; EP2878154A1; EP2878154B1; US20150181480A1

Description

DESCRIPTION

Title

Signaling a new Information Element for the Mobility State Estimate of Moving

Relay User Equipments

Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to apparatuses, methods and a computer program product for signaling a new Information Element for the Mobility State Estimate of Moving Relay User Equipments.

Related background Art

The following descriptions for the abbreviations used in this specification apply:

Alt Alternative

DeNB Donor eNB eNB enhanced Node B

E-UTRA Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access

GW Gateway

HO Handover

IE Information Element LTE Long Term Evolution

LTE-A LTE-Advanced MBSFN Multi-Media Broadcast over a Single Frequency Network

MME Mobility Management Entity

MSE Mobility State Estimate

PGW Packet Data Network Gateway

RAT Radio Access Technology

Rel. Release

RLF Radio Link Failure

RN Relay Node

RRC Radio Resource Control

RSRP Reference Signal Received Power

SF Scaling Factor

SGW Serving Gateway

TTT Time-To-Trigger

Tx Transmission UE User equipment

Embod iments of the present i nvention relate to LTE-Advanced, and in particu lar to relaying.

Relaying is considered for LTE-Advanced as a tool to improve, e.g. the coverage of high data rates, group mobility, temporary network deployment, the cell-edge throughput and/or to provide coverage in new areas. Relay as an important topic for Release (Rel.) 10 has been discussed in 3GPP. In a relay system, a relay node (RN) acts as UE from donor eNB (DeN B) point of view, wh ile it behaves as an e N B for the U Es served by the RN . Therefore, the RN supports eNB functionality as well as UE functionality. Fig. 2 shows a relay system architectu re. It is noted that Alt 1 to Alt3 show d ifferent alternatives of which elements are to be considered as part of the relay system. For example, Alt2 was selected by 3GPP for fixed relay implementation in Release 10.

Hitherto, only fixed relay for coverage extension scenario was discussed extensively in Rel.10. However, moving relays (relay nodes (RNs)), also referred to as mobile relays, are also of great interest, for example in high speed train infrastructure. Therefore, moving relay nodes, as an important candidate feature, are investigated in Rel. 1 1 . In addition to the application area for the high speed trains, moving relay nodes can be also mounted on busses, trams, ferries, and any other kind of vehicles depending on the target service. An example high speed train scenario is illustrated in Fig. 3 where two moving RNs are mounted on train carriages. In this example, there is one moving relay mounted on each carriage. It is worth noting that the access link antennas of the moving relay node are installed inside the carriage and the backhaul lin k antennas are installed outside the carriage. Such a configuration prevents penetration loss.

Furthermore, there are three types of RNs standardized in LTE-Advanced Release 10. The functionalities defined for the fixed relays can also apply to moving relays. These types are briefly described in the following:

- Type 1 : This is an inband RN. Hence, to prevent self interference between backhaul and access links, a half-duplex operation is employed. During the backhaul subframes, the RN configures Multi-Media Broadcast over a Single Frequency Network (MBSFN) subframes on the access link in the downlink. The beginning of an MBSFN subframe contains cell- specific reference signals. Release 8 UEs receive these signals and ignore the rest of the

MBSFN subframe.

- Type 1 a: Th is is an outban d RN . That is , on backhaul and access links d ifferent frequency bands are utilized. As there is no self interference, there is no need for MBSFN subframes on the access link. All the subframes in an LTE frame are utilized both on the access and backhaul links. - Type 1 b: This is an inband RN with sufficient isolation between backhaul and access links. Thanks to this sufficient isolation, all the subframes in an LTE frame can be utilized and there is no need for MBSFN subframes. Considering the penetration loss between inside and outside the carriage, a sufficient isolation is assumed in the moving relay scenario and hence Type 1 b is viable.

In the moving relay scenario, there might occur problems when performing a handover of a user equipment (relay-UE) from a moving relay node to fixed eN B or other fixed base station.

Summary of the Invention

Embodiments of the present invention address this situation and aim to provide a reliable connection even in case of a handover from a moving relay node to a fixed base station.

Accordi ng to a fi rst aspect of the present i nvention an apparatus is provided which comprises a first connection unit configured to provide connection to a user equipment, and a processor configu red to detect whether a handover of the user equipment is required, and, if a handover is required, to establish mobility information regarding the mobility state of the apparatus as mobility information of the user equipment, and to send the mobility information to at least one network element involved in the handover of the user equipment.

According to a second aspect of the present invention an apparatus is provided which comprises a connection unit, and a processor configured to receive, via the connection un it, mobility information regarding a mobility state of a user equipment, wh ich is to perform a handover from a network control element to the apparatus, and to use the received mobility information for preparing the handover of the user equipment. Accord ing to a th ird aspect of the present invention an apparatus is provided which comprises a connection unit, and a processor configured to receive, via the connection unit, mobility information regarding a mobility state from a first network control element, and to replace a mobility state of the apparatus by the mobility state received in the mobility information upon preparing a handover from the first network control element to a second network control element.

Accord ing to a fou rth aspect of the present i nvention a method is provided which comprises providing a connection to a user equipment, detecting whether a handover of a user equipment is required, and, if a handover is required, establishing mobility information regarding the mobility state of the apparatus as mobility information of the user equipment, and sending the mobility information to at least one network element involved in the handover of the user equipment.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention a method is provided which comprises receiving mobility information regarding a mobility state of a user equipment, which is to perform a handover from a network control element to an apparatus carrying out the method, and using the received mobility information for preparing the handover of the user equipment.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention a method is provided which comprises receiving mobility information regarding a mobility state from a first network control element, and replacing a mobility state of the apparatus carrying out the method by the mobility state received in the mobility information upon preparing a handover from the first network control element to a second network control element.

According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, a computer program product is provided which comprises code means for performing a method as set out in the above fourth to sixth aspects and modifications thereof when run on a processing means or module.

Hence, according to aspects of the present invention, a mobility state of user equipment, which is about to perform a handover from a moving relay node to a fixed base station, is indicated based on the mobility state of the moving relay node. Hence, a handover from the moving relay node to the fixed base station can reliably be performed.

Brief Description of the Drawings

These and other objects, features, details and advantages wi ll become more fu l ly apparent from the following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention which is to be taken in conjunction with the appended drawings, in which:

Fig. 1 shows basis structures for a DeNB, an RN, a relay-UE and a target eNB according to general embodiments of the present invention,

Fig. 2 shows a general relay system architecture,

Fig. 3 shows a moving relay illustration for a high speed train scenario,

Fig. 4 illustrates a scenario where a backhaul HO failure/rejection or partial admittance may take place. Detailed Description of embodiments

In the following, description will be made to embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood, however, that the description is given by way of example only, and that the descri bed embodiments are by no means to be understood as l imiting the present invention thereto.

A general embodiment is described in the following by referring to Fig. 1 , in which some examples for apparatuses according to embodiments are shown.

Fig. 1 shows a relay node (RN) 2 as an example for an apparatus (which may be a relay node but also only a part thereof) according to a general embodiment of the present invention. The RN 2 comprises a first connection unit 22 configured to provide connection to a user equipment, and a processor 21 . The processor 21 is configured to detect whether a handover of the user equipment (e.g., UE 3 shown in Fig. 1 ) is required, and, if a handover is required, to establish mobility information regarding the mobility state of the apparatus as mobi lity information of the user eq uipment, and to send the mobility i nformation to at least one network element i nvolved in the handover of the user equipment.

The RN 2 may also comprise a memory 24 for storing data and programs, by means of which the processor 21 may carry out its corresponding functions. Furthermore, the RN 2 may comprise a second connection unit 23 for providing a connection to a network control element such as a donor eNB (DeNB) 1 .

Hence, according to general embodiments of the present invention, mobility information of a relay node currently serving a user equipment is provided to a network element which is involved in handover of the user equipment. This network element may be a base station of a target network, for example, so that this base station can apply the mobil ity state of the relay node to the user eq ui pment. Alternatively (or in addition), the network element may be the user equipment itself. In this way, the user equipment can itself configure with the mobility state of the relay node.

Hence, according to the general embodiments, it is assured that a handover of a user equipment from a moving relay node to a (fixed) base station can successfully carried out.

An example for a base station of a target cell is a target eNB 4 shown in Fig. 1 . The target eN B 4, which is an example for a corresponding apparatus, comprises a connection unit 42 and a processor 41 . The processor 41 is configured to receive, via the connection unit, mobility information regarding a mobility state of a user equipment, which is to perform a handover from a network control element to the apparatus, and to use the received mobility information for preparing the handover of the user equipment.

The target eN B 4 may also comprise a memory 43 for storing data and programs, by means of which the processor 41 may carry out its corresponding functions.

An example for a user equipment (UE) described above is a UE 3 shown in Fig. 1. The UE 3, which is an example for a corresponding apparatus, comprises a connection unit 32 and a processor 32. The processor 32 is configured to receive, via the connection unit, mobility information regarding a mobility state from a relay node, and to replace a mobility state of the apparatus by the mobility state received in the mobility information upon preparing a handover from the first network control element to a second network control element.

The first network control element may be the relay node 2 shown in Fig. 1 , and the second network control element may be the target eN B 4 shown in Fig. 1 , for example. Moreover, the U E 3 may also comprise a memory 33 for storing data and programs, by means of which the processor 31 may carry out its corresponding functions. It is noted that in the present description, the DeNB is an example for a network control node capable of serving a relay node, and the eNB is an example for a network control node not capable of serving a relay node. Furthermore, a user equipment served by a relay node (RN) is also referred to as relay-UE.

In the following, detailed considerations for the solution according to the embodiments are described in some more detail.

First, a main or common issue which might occur in the moving relay scenario (as described above in connection with Fig. 3) is described, following by some scenarios as use cases.

Main issue:

Mobility related parameters (time to trigger, filter coefficients) of UEs are configured based on a mobility state estimate (MSE) of the U E. The MSE of the U E is determ ined autonomously by the UE according to the number of cell reselections/handovers during a certain time interval in idle and active mode, respectively.

In case of a moving relay node, the relay-UEs are mostly connected to the moving relay and thus they are considered to be slow with respect to the moving relay (MSE : stationary), whereas they are fast with respect to the macrocells outside. If the moving-RN needs to hand over its relay-UEs, due to any reasons that are exemplified in the following, the mobility parameters of these relay-UEs conveyed by the serving moving relay to the target cell will be wrong. Namely, these relay-UEs will be considered as slow by the target cell although they are fast with respect to this target cell.

That is, after the handover, there is an abrupt change in the actual MSE of the relay-UE (slow to fast). However, for the relay-UE and the target cell the MSE of the relay-U E still remains stationary. Consequently, e.g., configuring the relay-U E with a large time to trigger and filter coefficient corresponding to a stationary U E is critical as the relay-UEs will be more susceptible to experience radio link failures directly after the handover and much before they adapt to their "correct" fast MSEs.

The key point here is that the relay-U Es receive a very high signal level from the moving rel ay on th e access l i n k. Th us , u n less the re i s a backh a u l l i n k probl em or an intended/deliberate handover (see in Scenario 1 and Scen ari o 3 descri bed i n the following) these relay-UEs remain connected to the moving relay. In Fig. 4, a scenario is depicted where the train is moving away from a DeNB 1 cell towards a DeN B 2 cell. As it can be seen in Fig. 4, the access link received power on the downlink is significantly higher than the signal powers received from DeNB 1 and DeNB 2. Note that the Ns have typically a transmission (Tx) power of 30 dBm and the DeNBs have a transmission power of 46 d Bm [TS 36.814 ("Further Advancements for E-UTRA, Physical Layer Aspects, (Release 9)," 3GPP, v. 9.0.0, March 2010)]. Yet, on the access link there is no penetration loss (which is around 20 d B or higher depending on the transportation vehicle) but the signals from DeNBs/outside cells undergo penetration loss and they are farther away compared to the moving RNs.

I n the following, some scenarios are described where the moving relay needs to handover all of its relay-UEs or a fraction of them.

SCE NARIO 1 : Backhau l HO Failure/ Rejection (Target Macrocell: Intra-RAT or I nter- Frequency DeNB)

In this scenario, the vehicle is moving away from a serving DeNB 1 cell to another target DeNB 2 cell. An example scenario is demonstrated in Fig. 4 considering high speed train as the vehicle. For a seamless service the moving relay should be handed over to the target De B 2 cell. However, for some reasons the handover (HO) of the moving relay may fail or be rejected. Note here that any unsuccessful HO case is considered under this title. For instance, as an example of HO rejection , if the target cell is over-loaded it may not admit the moving relay since the moving relay is basically serving a multiple of RN- served UEs (relay-UEs) and thus the target cell cannot admit that many UEs. On the other hand, the target DeNB 2 cell could admit a fraction of the relay-U Es and the rest of the relay-UEs could be served by overlaying 2G/3G cells or any other access node which does not support backhauling.

SCE NARI O 2: Backhaul HO is not possible (Target Macrocell: Intra-RAT eN B, I nter- Frequency eNB, or Inter-RAT 2G/3G)

In this scenario, the vehicle is moving away from a serving DeN B 1 cell to another eNB 2 or 2G/3G or inter-frequency eNB cell. Note here that the next cell is not a DeNB and thus is not capable of serving a moving RN. This scenario can be illustrated similarly as in Fig. 4 via replacing 'LTE DeNB 2' by either eN B 2 or 2G/3G or inter-frequency eNB cell. This issue is outlined as follows:

1 . The moving relay is served by an LTE DeNB 1 cell and detects that the target cell does not support relaying functionalities, e.g., Rel. 8 eNB or any others.

2. The relay-U Es have to be handed over before they experience radio link failure (RLF) due to a backhaul link RLF.

It is noted that in SCENARIO 1 , the moving RN either hands over all of its relay-UEs (e.g. in case of RLF) or a fraction of them (e.g. in case of overloaded DeNB2 which can accept a fraction of the whole moving relay capacity). On the other hand , in SCENARIO 2, the moving relay needs to hand over all of its relay-UEs.

Moreover, in these scenarios the moving relay serves many UEs (e.g. all the UEs in a carriage of a high speed train ) and if the COMMON ISSU E mentioned above is not mitigated , this will become a major issue which could lead RLFs when these relay-UEs are connected to the target cell. SCENARIO 3: Load Balancing in case of Carrier Aggregation

In case the moving relay is overloaded and supports e.g. a single frequency band on the access link, a fraction of the relay-UEs that support multiple bands can be handed over to other target cells supporting these frequency band(s).

It is noted that in all above three scenarios, the relay-UEs should be handed over to the target cell early enough such that the handovers will be successful.

In the following, before discussing two solutions for the aforementioned main issue, a preliminary solution is described.

Preliminary Solution:

The preliminary solution is that the moving relay or the serving DeNB modifies the mobility parameters (such as Time to Trigger, Filter Coefficients) of the relay-UEs according to the state of the moving relay when they are handed over to other target cells other than moving relays. This approach does not resolve the problem as the target cell can again change the mobility related parameters of the relay-UE using the History Information Element (IE). The detailed description is as follows.

First, within the framework of LTE the mobility related context, which is exchanged during handover (HO), is considered [TS 36.331 ("Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E- UTRA); Radio Resource Control (RRC); Protocol specification," 3GPP)].:

The only speed related UE context that is exchanged during the HO can be found in the RRC specific part of the S1 AP: HANDOVER REQUIRED/REQUEST message(s) or X2AP HANDOVER REQUEST message from source to target node. The RRC specific part consists of a handoverPreparationlnformation I E where, following the structure of this I E → as-Config → sourceMeasConfig → speedStatePars setup contains two speed related lEs: mobilityStateParameters timeToTrigger-SF

The concept behind these parameters is that the network enables the U E to detect its mobil ity state autonomously. For example, mobilityStateParameters provides time windows (e.g., 30s, 60s, 120s, 180s, 240s) and event thresholds (e.g., 1 , 2,... , 16) telling the UE when it has to change to from normal to medium and from medium to high mobility state [TS 36.304 ("Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); User Equipment (U E) procedures in idle mode," 3G PP)]. The event is the count of handovers per time window in the active mode and the number of reselections in the idle mode. The other parameter, timeToTrigger-SF provides speed scale factors, e.g. 1 .0, and 0.25 which have to be used in normal and high mobility states, respectively. The speed scale factor which is valid for the mobility state is multiplied with the mobility parameter 'time to trigger' (TTT) which is used to determine the trigger conditions for measurement reports that may be used to initiate the handover. Effectively, this allows for applying a shorter TTT value for UEs moving at medium speed and even a shorter value for UEs moving at high speed.

The important thing is that the network cannot directly set the mobility state in the UE, only the conditions can be set how the UE determines its mobility state (because the mobility state is calculated based on the number of handovers/cell reselections per time window). Till Release 1 1 , the network is not informed about the mobility state of the UE. However, there is a History I E which is transferred from source to target. This History I E is tracing back how long the UE stayed in what cells and how big these cells have been {verysmall, small, medium, large, ...}. Knowing the speedStatePars that were used in the source cell (or the target cell if they were replaced during handover by the target), the target cell can estimate the UE's mobility state. But this network based method will also fail to solve the problem because it can only count the number of handovers per time, but the relay-UE didn't perform HOs (MSE: stationary) as long as it was served by the moving relay node. It can be concluded that the existing mobility related information and thus their modification by the moving relay or the serving DeNB during a HO to target cells outside the train cannot solve the problem.

Accordingly, according to embodiments of the present invention, the following two solutions are proposed to resolve this problem.

SOLUTION 1 (Network based and thus Backwards Compatible Solution):

To ensure that the target cell does not configure the relay-UE with mobility parameters corresponding to a stationary UE (based on the wrong History IE), the moving relay should signal to the target cell a new IE in the Handover Request message. This new IE contains the actual correct mobility state of the relay-UE (i.e. MSE: fast), which can be set, e.g., to the state of the moving relay. By using this new IE, the target cell now configures the relay-UE with mobility parameters corresponding to a fast UE.

As an amendment to above solution, the moving relay can adjust the mobility parameters of the relay-UE during the handover (i.e. the preliminary solution given above). So, the target cell can make use of them.

It is noted that, if the target cell is a neighbor moving relay, such an IE is not signaled (it is not necessary).

Moreover, it is noted that in this solution, the state of the relay-UE is still slow. Therefore, the target-cell should further scale down the mobility parameters. An example implementation is given in the next section.

Moreover, preferably, the priority of the new IE should be higher than that of the History IE. That is, the target cell should prioritize the new IE.

In the following, an example implementation for the SOLUTION 1 (Network based and thus Backwards Compatible Solution) is described:

I n the example scenario, within the framework of [TS 36.304 ("Evolved U niversal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); User Equipment (UE) procedures in idle mode," 3GPP)], the relay-U E is stationary relative to the moving relay (e.g. scaling factor (SF)_normal = 1 .00, i.e. slow) and fast relative to the target cell (e.g. SF_high= 0.25). Further, the SF of the moving relay is assumed to be SF_RN = SF_high = 0.25, i.e. fast. In the new I E SF_RN = SF_high is signaled to the target cell. The time-to-trigger (TTT) calculated by the relay-UE is

• The relay-UE is connected to the moving relay ->TTT_relayUE = SF_normal ^* TTT_of_RNcell;

· The relay-UE is connected to the target cell after the handover:

o Without correction ->TTT_relayUE = SF_normarTTT_of_targetCell o After correction -> TTT_relayUE =

SF_norma (CorrectionFactor^*TTT_of_targetCell) where Correction Factor =

SF_high/SF_normal

SOLUTION 2 (UE based and thus can be supported by UEs beyond Release 10):

In this solution the moving relay broadcasts/signals to the idle/connected relay-U E the mobility state of the moving relay (e.g. normal/medium/high). Then, the relay-UE replaces its own current mobility state by the mobility state of the moving relay. Such signaling can be initiated for the active relay-UEs when the relay-UEs are handed over to the target cell.

In addition to that, the target cell should still be informed about the new mobility state of the relay-UE so that the correct mobility parameters can be applied. It is noted that according to th is solution , the mobility state of relay-U E wil l n ot be changed, if the target cell is a neighbor moving relay. That is, in such a case, the solution would not be necessary.

Compared to SOLUTION 1 above, the mobility state of the relay-UE has changed to the correct one in this solution. Therefore, the target cell does not need to further scale down the mobility parameters.

Moreover, similar as described above, preferably the priority of the new I E should be higher than that of the History IE. That is, the target cell should prioritize the new IE.

Thus, according to some embodiments of the present invention as described above, a new Information Element (I E) for the Mobility State Estimate (MSE) of moving relay user equipments (UEs) is sent contained in the UE_context, when the U Es are handed over to a target cell.

It is noted that the embodiments and the present invention in general is not limited to the specific examples given above.

For example, in the embodiments described above, a moving relay node is described , from which a handover to a fixed base station is to be performed. However, the moving relay node is only an example, and the invention can be applied to any case in which one of the base stations (or similar apparatuses) involved in a handover of a user equipment is moving relatively to the other.

Moreover, the em bodi ments d escri bed above were described with respect to the application area for the high speed trains. However, the invention is not limited to this specific application; moving relays can be also mounted on busses, trams, ferries, and any other kind of vehicles or moving objects depending on the target service. In such scenarios, the handovers of the relay-UEs are expected to be more frequent. According to a further aspect of embodiments of the present invention , an apparatus is provided which comprises means for providing a connection to a user equipment, means for detecting whether a handover of the user equipment is required, and means for, if a handover is required, establishing mobility information regarding the mobility state of the apparatus as mobility information of the user equipment, and for sending the mobility information to at least one network element involved in the handover of the user equipment.

According to another aspect of embodiments of the present invention, an apparatus is provided which comprises means for receiving mobility information regarding a mobility state of a u ser eq ui pment, which is to perform a handover from a network control element to the apparatus, and means for using the received mobility information for preparing the handover of the user equipment.

According to a still further aspect of embodiments of the present invention, an apparatus is provided which comprises means for receiving mobility information regarding a mobility state from a first network control element, and means for replacing a mobility state of the apparatus by the mobility state received in the mobility information u pon preparing a handover from the first network control element to a second network control element. It is to be understood that any of the above modifications can be applied singly or in combination to the respective aspects and/or embodiments to which they refer, unless they are explicitly stated as excluding alternatives.

· For the purpose of the present invention as described herein above, it should be noted that

• - an access technology via which signaling is transferred to and from a network element may be any technology by means of which a network element or sensor node can access another network element or node (e.g. via a base station or generally an access node). Any present or future technology, such as WLAN (Wireless Local Access Network), Wi MAX (Worldwide I nteroperability for Microwave Access), LTE , LTE-A, Bluetooth , Infrared, and the like may be used; although the above technologies are mostly wireless access technologies, e.g. in different radio spectra, access technology in the sense of the present invention implies also wired technologies, e.g. IP based access technologies like cable networks or fixed lines but also circuit switched access technologies; access technologies may be distinguishable in at least two categories or access domains such as packet switched and circuit switched, but the existence of more than two access domains does not impede the invention being applied thereto,

• - usable communication networks, stations and transmission nodes may be or comprise any device, apparatus, unit or means by which a station , entity or other user equipment may connect to and/or utilize services offered by the access network; such services i nclud e, among others , data an d/or (audio-) visual com mu n ication , data download etc.;

• - a user equipment or communication network element (station) may be any device, apparatus, unit or means by which a system user or subscriber may experience services from an access network, such as a mobile phone or smart phone, a personal digital assistant PDA, or computer, or a device having a corresponding functionality, such as a modem chipset, a chip, a module etc., which can also be part of a UE or attached as a separate element to a UE, or the like;

· - method steps likely to be implemented as software code portions and being run u si ng a processor at a n etwork element or termi nal (as exam ples of devices, apparatuses and/or modules thereof, or as examples of entities including apparatuses and/or modules therefore), are software code independent and can be specified using any known or future developed programming language as long as the functionality defined by the method steps is preserved; • - generally, any method step is suitable to be implemented as software or by hardware without cha ng ing the idea of the invention i n terms of the fu ncti on al ity implemented;

• - method steps and/or devices, units or means likely to be implemented as hardware components at the above-defined apparatuses, or any module(s) thereof, (e.g., devices carrying out the functions of the apparatuses according to the embodiments as described above, eNode-B etc. as described above) are hardware independent and can be implemented using any known or future developed hardware technology or any hybrids of these, such as MOS (Metal Oxide Semiconductor), CMOS (Complementary MOS), BiMOS (Bipolar MOS), BiCMOS (Bipolar CMOS), ECL (Emitter Coupled Logic), TTL (Transistor-Transistor Logic), etc. , using for exam ple ASI C (Application Specific I C (Integrated Circuit)) components, FPGA (Field-programmable Gate Arrays) components, C PLD (Complex Programmable Logic Device) com ponents or DSP (Digital Signal Processor) components;

· - devices, units or means (e.g. the above-defined apparatuses, or any one of their respective means) can be implemented as individual devices, units or means, but this does not exclude that they are implemented in a distributed fashion throughout the system, as long as the functionality of the device, unit or means is preserved;

• - an apparatus may be represented by a semiconductor chip, a chipset, or a (hardware) module comprising such chip or chipset; this, however, does not exclude the possibility that a functionality of an apparatus or module, instead of being hardware implemented, be implemented as software in a (software) module such as a computer program or a computer program product comprising executable software code portions for execution/being run on a processor;

- a device may be regarded as an apparatus or as an assembly of more than one apparatus, whether fu nctiona l ly i n coo peratio n with ea ch other or fu nctiona l ly independently of each other but in a same device housing, for example.

It is noted that the embod iments and examples descri bed above a re provided for illustrative pu rposes only and are i n no way intended that the present invention is restricted thereto. Rather, it is the intention that all variations and modifications be included which fall within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. An apparatus comprising a first connection unit configured to provide connection to a user equipment, and a processor configured to detect whether a handover of the user equipment is required, and, if a handover is required, to establish mobility information regarding the mobility state of the apparatus as mobility information of the user equipment, and to send the mobility information to at least one network element involved in the handover of the user equipment.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one network element involved in the handover comprises a network control element of a target cell of the handover.

3. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the processor is configured to send the mobility information in a handover request message.

4. The apparatus according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the processor is configured to detect whether the apparatus and target cell are moving relatively to each other, and to send the mobility information only in case the apparatus and target cell are moving relatively to each other.

5. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one network element involved in the handover comprises the user equipment.

6. The apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the user equipment stores the received mobility information in a variable and/or updates its mobility state according to the received mobility information.

7. The apparatus according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the processor is configured to send the mobility information also to a network control element of a target cell of the handover.

8. The apparatus according to any one of the claims 1 to 4, wherein the processor is configured to send the mobility information during handover by adjusting the mobility parameters of the user equipment.

9. The apparatus according to any one of the claims 1 to 8, further comprising a second connection unit configured to provide connection to a first network control node, wherein the processor is configured to relay communication from the at least one network control node via the second connection unit to the user equipment via the first connection unit and vice versa.

10. An apparatus comprising a connection unit, and a processor configured to receive, via the connection unit, mobility information regarding a mobility state of a user equipment, which is to perform a handover from a network control element to the apparatus, and to use the received mobility information for preparing the handover of the user equipment.

1 1 . The apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the processor is configured to adapt the mobility parameters of the user equipment after receiving the mobility state of the user equipment.

12. An apparatus comprising a connection unit, and a processor configured to receive, via the connection unit, mobility information regarding a mobility state from a first network control element, and to replace a mobility state of the apparatus by the mobility state received in the mobility information upon preparing a handover from the first network control element to a second network control element.

13. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the first network control element and the second network control element are moving relatively to each other.

14. A method comprising providing a connection to a user equipment, detecting whether a handover of the user equipment is required, and, if a handover is required, establishing mobility information regarding the mobility state of an apparatus carrying out the method as mobility information of the user equipment, and sending the mobility information to at least one network element involved in the handover of the user equipment.

15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the at least one network element involved in the handover comprises a network control element of a target cell of the handover.

16. The method according to claim 15, further comprising sending the mobility information in a handover request message.

17. The method according to claim 15 or 16, further comprising detecting whether the apparatus carrying out the method and a target cell are moving relatively to each other, and sending the mobility information only in case the apparatus and the target cell are moving relatively to each other.

18. The method according to claim 14, wherein the at least one network element involved in the handover comprises the user equipment.

19. The method according to claim 18, further comprising storing the received mobility information in a variable at the user equipment, and/or updating the mobility state of the user equipment based on the received mobility information.

The method according to claim 18 or 19, further comprising sending the mobility information also to a network control element of a target cell of the handover.

21. The method according to any one of the claims 14 to 17, further comprising sending the mobility information during handover by adjusting the mobility parameters of the user equipment.

22. The method according to any one of the claims 14 to 21 , further comprising providing connection to a first network control node, and relaying communication from the at least one network control node to the user equipment and vice versa.

23. A method comprising receiving mobility information regarding a mobility state of a user equipment, which is to perform a handover from a network control element to an apparatus carrying out the method, and using the received mobility information for preparing the handover of the user equipment.

24. The method according to claim 23, further comprising adapting the mobility parameters of the user equipment after receiving the mobility state of the user equipment.

25. A method comprising receiving mobility information regarding a mobility state from a first network control element, and replacing a mobility state of the apparatus carrying out the method by the mobility state received in the mobility information upon preparing a handover from the first network control element to a second network control element.

26. The method according to claim 25, wherein the first network control element and the second network control element are moving relatively to each other.

27. A computer program product comprising code means for performing a method according to any one of claims 14 to 26 when run on a processing means or module.

28. The computer program product according to claim 27, wherein the computer program product is embodied on a computer-readable medium.