WO2014016057A1 - Elektrolyseur - Google Patents
Elektrolyseur Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2014016057A1 WO2014016057A1 PCT/EP2013/062738 EP2013062738W WO2014016057A1 WO 2014016057 A1 WO2014016057 A1 WO 2014016057A1 EP 2013062738 W EP2013062738 W EP 2013062738W WO 2014016057 A1 WO2014016057 A1 WO 2014016057A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- oxygen
- hydrogen
- heat exchanger
- circuit
- electrolyzer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D7/0066—Multi-circuit heat-exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat-exchangers for more than two fluids
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D7/10—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically
- F28D7/103—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically consisting of more than two coaxial conduits or modules of more than two coaxial conduits
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/133—Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight
Definitions
- the subject invention relates to an electrolyzer for producing the product gases hydrogen and oxygen, wherein a drying unit for drying the product gas hydrogen is provided and an associated method for drying the product gases produced in an electrolysis process hydrogen and oxygen.
- the highest possible temperature level is desired in the electrolysis process, e.g. 80 ° C.
- it must be dried to a certain dew point, e.g. to a dew point of less than minus 45 ° C. It is therefore necessary to dry the product gas produced in an electrolyzer hydrogen, so that it can be stored even at temperatures below freezing. Oxygen is not usually dried due to the reduction of plant and energy costs, as this is not necessary.
- An increase in the electrolysis temperature leads to an exponentially increased drying effort, which is the case with the most commonly used adsorption dryers, e.g. a molecular sieve, due to the required regeneration cycles leads to significant shortening of the service life and thus also to poor overall efficiency.
- the TWM 421 948 Y describes e.g. a PEM (proton exchange membrane) electrolyzer, in which hydrogen is predried in a first drying stage in a condensation unit and then finished in a second drying step in a molecular sieve. The thus dried hydrogen is then stored.
- PEM proto exchange membrane
- sensors such as a hydrogen sensor or an oxygen sensor are often used for safety reasons to monitor explosion limits, eg the lower explosive limit (LEL) or the upper explosive limit (OEG) and thus indirectly to monitor the tightness of the electrolysis membrane.
- LEL lower explosive limit
- OEG upper explosive limit
- sensors for measuring the hydrogen concentration in the recovered oxygen and / or sensors for measuring the oxygen concentration in hydrogen are used for this purpose.
- a double-sided concentration monitoring may be necessary.
- This object is achieved according to the invention in which a multi-circuit heat exchanger with a first circuit for cooling the hydrogen and a second circuit for cooling the oxygen is provided in the drying unit, wherein both circuits of the multi-circuit heat exchanger share a common refrigerant circuit. In this way, the oxygen is co-cooled with the hydrogen and thereby co-dried.
- the cooled and therefore dried oxygen contains only a small amount of water.
- the problem with the condensation of water on a sensor arranged in the oxygen circuit, such as a hydrogen sensor for detecting the hydrogen concentration, can be significantly reduced. Since the hydrogen has to be dried anyway for storage, the simultaneous cooling of the oxygen by the same refrigeration circuit only a small extra effort.
- the co-dried oxygen now also easily, and without much additional investment, continue to be used, eg stored.
- Such a designed electrolyzer can be used very flexibly without much additional effort in a variety of configurations, eg with or without sensors or for the continued use of oxygen.
- the heat exchanger is designed or driven such that the dew point of the dried oxygen comes to rest below the ambient temperature of a sensor arranged in the oxygen line. This ensures that no condensation on the sensor can occur.
- the heat exchanger can be controlled very easily eg via the length of the heat exchanger, the volume flows, the geometric relationships, the materials, the performance of the common cooling circuit, etc. (eg in a closed loop) or adjusted.
- the heat exchanger consists of three nested, radially spaced tubes, so that three flow-through channels are formed, wherein a first channel is traversed by oxygen and a second channel by the hydrogen and a third, radially between the first and second channel arranged channel, is flowed through by the refrigerant of the refrigerant circuit.
- Such heat exchangers of three nested tubes are known per se for other media, e.g. from DE 33 18 722 A1.
- the medium is passed through the innermost tube with the highest pressure, since then the wall thicknesses of the tubes can be minimized. It is particularly advantageous in this context if the pressures of the media guided through the tubes decrease from the inside to the outside.
- Drying can be improved if an adsorption dryer for drying the hydrogen is arranged in the drying unit downstream of the heat exchanger in the hydrogen line and / or if a water separator is arranged in the drying line in the oxygen line upstream of the heat exchanger.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic block diagram of a regenerative power generation plant with an electrolyzer according to the invention
- FIG. 2 shows an advantageous embodiment of a drying unit of the electrolyzer
- Figure 3 shows a cross section through the heat exchanger of the drying unit
- FIG. 4 shows a schematic block diagram of the drying unit.
- an electrolysis unit 2 of an electrolyzer for example, a high-pressure PEM electrolyzer, with water and electricity from a power source 6, for example, a photovoltaic system, a wind turbine, an electrical supply network, etc. , provided. From this the electrolyzer 1 produces in known Oxygen way 0 2 and hydrogen H 2 . Structure and function of the various types of electrolyzer 1 are well known, which is why will not be discussed in detail here. In addition, the exact type of electrolyzer 1 for the subject invention is also irrelevant.
- the generated hydrogen H 2 is dried in a drying unit 3 to a certain dew point and stored in a hydrogen storage 4.
- the hydrogen H 2 can be removed in order to generate electric current in a fuel cell 5.
- Drying unit 3 and electrolysis unit 2 may be integrated in the electrolyzer 1, but may also be two separate units.
- the fuel cell 5 could also be integrated in the electrolyzer 1.
- a hydrogen sensor 8 for measuring the hydrogen concentration in the product gas oxygen 0 2 is arranged for LEL monitoring.
- an oxygen sensor 10 for measuring the oxygen concentration in the product gas hydrogen H 2 may be arranged for OEG monitoring, as indicated in Figure 1.
- the oxygen O 2 is not used as a rule and is released under ambient pressure to the atmosphere, as indicated in Figure 1.
- the measured values of the hydrogen sensor 8 and / or the oxygen sensor 10 are supplied to a control unit 7, which in case of exceeding a predetermined allowable hydrogen and / or oxygen concentration, which indicates damage in the electrolysis unit 2 of the electrolyzer, a safety function , eg an emergency shutdown of the electrolyzer 1 and / or the entire system triggers.
- the control unit 7 can also be used to control the electrolyzer 1 and / or the remaining components of the regenerative power generation plant, as indicated in Fig.1 by the dashed lines.
- FIGS. 2 and 3 an advantageous embodiment of the drying unit 3 is shown.
- a multi-circuit, here a dreinikiger, heat exchanger 20 is arranged.
- the heat exchanger 20 here consists of three concentrically nested and radially spaced tubes 30, 31, 32 (see Figure 3), so that radially between the tubes three axially effetströmbare channels 33, 34, 35 arise.
- the heat exchanger 20 is here bent meandering, but could of course take any other form, for example, straight or cylindrical wound in the form of a coil, etc.
- the shape of the heat exchanger 20 is preferably adapted to the available space in the drying unit 3, wherein, accordingly, the minimum bending radii of the tubes 30, 31, 32 are maintained. It is essential here that the length of the heat required for the required cooling meleyer 20 is achieved. For example, this is in the range of 1 to 3 m, depending on the available cooling capacity of the refrigeration circuit 27 and the geometric conditions.
- the heat exchanger 20 has an input port 24 and an output port 25. Further, a refrigeration cycle 27 is provided, which includes a refrigerant line 21, and a cooling system 22.
- the cooling system 22 may be e.g. be designed as a compressor with a suitable coolant.
- the waste heat 23 of the cooling system 22 may e.g. also be used for other processes or for storage in a heat storage.
- the output from the electrolysis unit 2 hydrogen H 2 which includes a certain proportion of water vapor, out.
- the refrigerant of the refrigerant circuit 27 is guided in the channel 34 between the innermost tube 30 and the middle tube 31 .
- the discharged from the electrolysis unit 2 oxygen 0 2 which includes a certain proportion of water vapor out.
- the refrigerant is passed in countercurrent through the heat exchanger 20, which of course could also be done in cocurrent.
- the heat exchanger 20 is now designed or controlled, for example over the length of the heat exchanger 20, the volume flows, the geometric relationships, the materials, the performance of the refrigeration circuit 27, etc., that the hydrogen H 2 at the output 25 of the heat exchanger on dried a certain minimum dew point.
- the cooling circuit 27 could also be controlled accordingly in a closed loop.
- the oxygen O 2 is co-dried in this way and reaches at the end of the heat exchanger 20 substantially the same temperature as the hydrogen H 2 .
- a cooling of, for example, about 80 ° C to about 5 ° C whereby a corresponding amount of moisture is removed and the product gases hydrogen H 2 and oxygen are dried 0 2 .
- the drying thus causes a dew point in the range of minus 45 ° C results, although the product gases has a temperature of 5 ° C.
- the refrigerant is conducted in countercurrent, this is heated substantially to the temperature of the hydrogen H 2 at the inlet port 24, ie in the range of, for example, 80 ° C.
- the waste heat 23 can be used efficiently, for example via a further heat exchanger not shown here.
- the heat exchanger 20 is thus made set or controlled that the dew point of the oxygen 0 2 below the ambient temperature in the range of the hydrogen sensor 8, which can be easily measured, for example, so that condensation on the hydrogen sensor 8 is excluded.
- the innermost tube 30 has a diameter of 6mm and carries in the innermost channel 33 hydrogen H 2 at a very high pressure, eg 200bar and higher.
- the middle tube 31 has a diameter of 12mm and in the middle channel 34 refrigerant is fed at a pressure of 10-20bar.
- the outer tube 32 has a diameter of 16mm and in the outer channel 35 oxygen 0 2 is conducted at ambient pressure.
- the medium with the highest pressure is advantageously guided through the innermost tube 30, wherein the pressure in the tubes 30, 31, 32 preferably decreases toward the outside.
- the tubes 30, 31, 32 are preferably made of stainless steel. It is essential here a good thermal conductivity of the tubes 30, 31, 32, so that the drying of the moist product gases H 2 , 0 2 is faster. Drying is also accelerated by a high pressure, since the volume to be cooled is reduced.
- the high pressure can be built up by a pressure increasing unit, which can be arranged after the heat exchanger 20 and upstream of the drying unit 3.
- the pressure increasing unit remains substantially closed during the electrolysis, so that the product gases build up to the required pressure. If the desired pressure is reached, the pressure increase unit is opened and the product gases flow through the drying unit 3.
- any other suitable embodiment of a multi-circuit heat exchanger with a common cooling circuit 27 could be used, for example a multi-circuit plate heat exchanger.
- an adsorption dryer 37 for example a molecular sieve, may additionally be arranged in the drying unit 3 downstream of the heat exchanger 20 in order to further dry the hydrogen H 2 before it is stored in the hydrogen storage 4 .
- the oxygen O 2 from the electrolysis unit 2 could be passed in front of the heat exchanger 20 via a, known per se, water separator 36 to separate water from the product gas oxygen 0 2 .
- the discharged condensate (pure water) can also be recycled via the condensate line 26 into the electrolysis unit 2.
- the oxygen O 2 in the two-circuit heat exchanger 20 contains downstream of the drying unit 3 only so small amounts of water that this one neannon on a arranged in the oxygen line sensor 8 no problems.
- the dried product gas oxygen O 2 instead of being released into the atmosphere unused, can be directly used industrially. Thus, no additional measures are necessary at the sensors 8, 10 in order to ensure its proper functioning.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE201311003695 DE112013003695A5 (de) | 2012-07-27 | 2013-06-19 | Elektrolyseur |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ATA50299/2012 | 2012-07-27 | ||
| ATA50299/2012A AT512537B1 (de) | 2012-07-27 | 2012-07-27 | Elektrolyseur |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2014016057A1 true WO2014016057A1 (de) | 2014-01-30 |
Family
ID=48672615
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2013/062738 Ceased WO2014016057A1 (de) | 2012-07-27 | 2013-06-19 | Elektrolyseur |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AT (1) | AT512537B1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE112013003695A5 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2014016057A1 (de) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP4134153A1 (de) | 2021-08-12 | 2023-02-15 | FRONIUS INTERNATIONAL GmbH | Verfahren zur trocknung eines wasserstoff-wasserdampf-gemisches und wasserstofftrocknungsvorrichtung |
| EP4227438A1 (de) * | 2022-02-11 | 2023-08-16 | Abb Schweiz Ag | Verfahren zum betrieb einer vielzahl von elektrolyseurstapeln |
| WO2025087639A1 (de) | 2023-10-25 | 2025-05-01 | Hydac International Gmbh | Vorrichtung zur trocknung von wasserstoff |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2614686A1 (fr) * | 1987-04-28 | 1988-11-04 | Puicervert Luc | Echangeur |
| US20040118677A1 (en) * | 2002-12-24 | 2004-06-24 | Streckert Holger H. | Water electrolyzer and system |
| DE102005011316A1 (de) * | 2005-03-11 | 2006-10-05 | Kaufmann, Hans, Dipl.-Ing. (FH) | Elektrolyseur und Verfahren zum Betrieb des Elektrolyseurs |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2238059A (en) * | 1989-11-17 | 1991-05-22 | Command International Inc | Electrolytic gas generating apparatus for producing a combustible mixture of hydrogen and oxygen by electrolysis of water for particular use in gas welding |
| JP3132594B2 (ja) * | 1992-04-07 | 2001-02-05 | 神鋼パンテツク株式会社 | 高純度酸素及び水素の製造装置 |
| JP3043306B2 (ja) * | 1997-12-25 | 2000-05-22 | スガ試験機株式会社 | 酸素・水素電解ガス発生装置 |
| JP2001300245A (ja) * | 2000-04-21 | 2001-10-30 | Shinko Pantec Co Ltd | 除湿機構及び除湿方法 |
-
2012
- 2012-07-27 AT ATA50299/2012A patent/AT512537B1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2013
- 2013-06-19 DE DE201311003695 patent/DE112013003695A5/de not_active Ceased
- 2013-06-19 WO PCT/EP2013/062738 patent/WO2014016057A1/de not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2614686A1 (fr) * | 1987-04-28 | 1988-11-04 | Puicervert Luc | Echangeur |
| US20040118677A1 (en) * | 2002-12-24 | 2004-06-24 | Streckert Holger H. | Water electrolyzer and system |
| DE102005011316A1 (de) * | 2005-03-11 | 2006-10-05 | Kaufmann, Hans, Dipl.-Ing. (FH) | Elektrolyseur und Verfahren zum Betrieb des Elektrolyseurs |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP4134153A1 (de) | 2021-08-12 | 2023-02-15 | FRONIUS INTERNATIONAL GmbH | Verfahren zur trocknung eines wasserstoff-wasserdampf-gemisches und wasserstofftrocknungsvorrichtung |
| EP4227438A1 (de) * | 2022-02-11 | 2023-08-16 | Abb Schweiz Ag | Verfahren zum betrieb einer vielzahl von elektrolyseurstapeln |
| WO2023152130A1 (en) * | 2022-02-11 | 2023-08-17 | Abb Schweiz Ag | Method for operating a plurality of electrolyser-stacks |
| WO2025087639A1 (de) | 2023-10-25 | 2025-05-01 | Hydac International Gmbh | Vorrichtung zur trocknung von wasserstoff |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE112013003695A5 (de) | 2015-04-16 |
| AT512537B1 (de) | 2013-09-15 |
| AT512537A4 (de) | 2013-09-15 |
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