WO2014088384A1 - Mélange et procédé pour l'obtention d'un engrais liquide foliaire - Google Patents

Mélange et procédé pour l'obtention d'un engrais liquide foliaire Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014088384A1
WO2014088384A1 PCT/MX2012/000124 MX2012000124W WO2014088384A1 WO 2014088384 A1 WO2014088384 A1 WO 2014088384A1 MX 2012000124 W MX2012000124 W MX 2012000124W WO 2014088384 A1 WO2014088384 A1 WO 2014088384A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
mixture
previous
sulfate
amount
fertilizer
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Ceased
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PCT/MX2012/000124
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English (en)
Spanish (es)
Inventor
David LOYA CAMPUZANO
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Priority to PCT/MX2012/000124 priority Critical patent/WO2014088384A1/fr
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Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
    • C05D9/02—Other inorganic fertilisers containing trace elements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F1/00—Fertilisers made from animal corpses, or parts thereof
    • C05F1/002—Fertilisers made from animal corpses, or parts thereof from fish or from fish-wastes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
    • C05G5/27—Dispersions, e.g. suspensions or emulsions
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
    • Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Definitions

  • This invention has its application in agriculture, particularly in organic agriculture, but more specifically in plant nutrition, since it provides a liquid foliar fertilizer, which comprises the combination of products originated by the fermentation of natural substances and mineral salts.
  • foliar bio-fertilizers are fermented organic liquid fertilizers made from fermented manure bases and enriched with minerals.
  • Bio-ferments are currently an agricultural tool with which chemical fertilizers of high solubility can be reduced or replaced; allowing the producer to reduce his dependence on external inputs.
  • inorganic sources of minerals that can be used in processes of transition towards organic agriculture and that contribute to the recovery of the balance lost due to the mismanagement that conventional agriculture has caused in most soils.
  • Some of these inorganic sources are: lime, calcium carbonate, some sulfates, sulfur, phosphoric rock, among others. It is important to consult the regulations of the certifying agencies that exist in each country, so as not to apply restricted or prohibited materials.
  • Bio-ferments are the product of a fermentation process of organic materials. This process originates from an intense microbiological activity, where the organic materials used are transformed into minerals, vitamins, amino acids, organic acids, among other metabolic substances. These liquid fertilizers beyond efficiently nourishing the crops, through chelated mineral origin nutrients, become a microbial inoculum that allows the microbiological balance of the agroecosystem to be restored.
  • Bio-ferments can play an important role by reducing the incidence of pests and diseases in crops, by colonizing the surfaces of plants, the microorganisms present in this type of fermented fertilizers have relationships antagonistic and competitive with phytopathogenic microorganisms, thus collaborating in the prevention and control of diseases in plants (http://www.rapaluruguay.org/organicos/articulos/Lactofermentos.pdf).
  • Lacto-ferments are also used to fertilize plants and soils, where the materials to produce them are: 160 to 180 L of whey, 5 kg of molasses, 1 kg of calcium carbonate (raises the pH), water without chlorine, 10 to 15 L of activated mountain microorganisms, 0.5 Kg of Potassium Sulfate, Zinc Sulfate, Magnesium Sulfate, Manganese Sulfate, Sodium Molybdate, Boron Molybdate and Phosphoric Rock (http://www.rapaluruguay.org/organicos /articulos/Lactofermentos.pdf).
  • the way to prepare the aforementioned lacto-ferment is as follows: dissolve the molasses in buttermilk very well in a 20 L bucket; while constantly stirring with a stick the serum in the 200 L barrel, the molasses dissolved in serum is slowly added; dissolve the mineral source to be used very well in water and place it in a 20-liter bucket; when the mineral source is completely diluted it is slowly added to the 200 L barrel while constantly stirring; dissolve as much as possible calcium carbonate in water; subsequently it is added slowly to the 200 L barrel, while the contents of it are constantly stirred; fill the barrel to a total volume of 185 liters and give a final stirring, do not completely fill the barrel of liquid, with the aim of leaving a free space for the generation of gases; cover the barrel tightly and place the gas exhaust valve to start anaerobic fermentation, it is recommended to seal the joints of the valve with silicone; stand the mixture in the barrel for 30 days at room temperature and under shade; and verify the quality of the lactoferment.
  • Bayfolan Forte a foliar fertilizer, commercially known as Bayfolan Forte ® from Bayer, is widely used.It is a product that is applied via foliar and contains macro and micronutrients in low concentration thanks to the presence of phytohormones, humectants and dispersants, vitamins and agents. Compatibility (BAYER, Group. Plant Protection Division. Central America-Caribbean. Bayfolan Forte. The Foliar Fertilizer that has it all, Guatemala, 1999).
  • organic fertilizers are known, which may contain a wide diversity of nutrients, but are only used effectively in certain types of crops, depending on their elements or components, so it is not possible to use them in any type of plants.
  • organic fertilizers and their variants so far known, have a nutrient content in low concentrations and with an inadequate or poor balance between the biological and inorganic elements that compose them, which causes them to not be sufficiently exploited for the crops in which they are applied, obtaining poor results, requiring in many cases applications in high volumes per area, which presupposes high costs, in addition to being mixtures that can generate contamination by flies, pests and various diseases that They can affect crops.
  • Figure 1 is a photograph of avocado plants that were applied 6 L of the liquid foliar fertilizer of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 illustrates avocado plants, which were applied 4 L of the liquid foliar fertilizer, in question.
  • Figure 3 illustrates the appearance of avocado plants that were not applied liquid foliar fertilizer.
  • Figure 4 shows alfalfa plants, to which 10 L of the foliar liquid fertilizer of this invention were applied.
  • Figure 5 shows alfalfa plants that were applied 4 L of the liquid fertilizer, in question.
  • Figure 6 illustrates alfalfa plants without the application of the fertilizer in question.
  • products of natural origin are required as raw material such as: manure from cattle or sheep; milk or whey; blood of cattle or sheep, slaughtered; sugar or molasses; liver of cattle or sheep, slaughtered; and fishmeal.
  • This fertilizer also includes as part of its constitution a mixture of mineral salts such as zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate, calcium chloride, borax, cobalt sulfate, sodium molybdate and Iron sulphate. Where said salts are pre-dissolved in water at certain specific proportions.
  • mineral salts such as zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate, calcium chloride, borax, cobalt sulfate, sodium molybdate and Iron sulphate.
  • a mixture that provides a large amount of nutrients is required, which undergoes anaerobic fermentation in a bio-digester.
  • This mixture consists of: fluffy manure, which serves as an accelerator for the decomposition of matter in fermentation; fishmeal, which is rich in protein and lipids; raw blood of cattle, sheep or combined animals, slaughtered; raw liver of cattle, sheep or combined animals, slaughtered; at least one source of carbohydrates, which can be sugar, molasses or the combination between them; at least one liquid dairy product, as an accelerator of microbiological growth, for example milk, whey or in combination; and water free of impurities and elements that are harmful for anaerobic fermentation.
  • the quantities to which the components of the mixture are administered depends on the characteristics that the liquid fertilizer to obtain is desired. Without limiting the invention, the following amounts are preferred: for manure an amount of 700 to 1400 kg; fishmeal of 5 to 6 kg, which is dissolved in boiling water, in a ratio of 1: 3; the blood is 3 to 5 L, it is preferred to add at room temperature, when it is obtained from a freshly slaughtered animal, otherwise it has to be heated to a boil; the liver in an amount of 1.4 to 2.8 kg, which can be ground or in pieces with sizes as small as possible for a larger area of contact; the source of carbohydrates of 10 to 20 Kg, which is diluted in water, in a 1: 3 ratio; the milk product of 50 to 60 L, which is preferred to add boiled; and the water in an amount of 3500 L or up to 7000 L, with respect to the total volume of the mixture.
  • the process for the production of liquid foliar fertilizer is carried out in the following stages: add the components of the aforementioned mixture, within a conventional bio-digester, preferably stainless steel; ferment the components of the mixture, for at least 7 days in the bio-digester; separate the liquid and solid phases, resulting from fermentation, through a filter, which can be a 0.5 ⁇ stainless steel mesh; deodorize the liquid obtained from the fermentation, with activated carbon, which also eliminates pathogens; and recover the solid phase in a separate container.
  • a filter which can be a 0.5 ⁇ stainless steel mesh
  • temperatures should range between 15 to 60 ° C; and the ideal pH is 7 to 8.
  • the fermented liquid product will be ready to be used, when the most active period of anaerobic manure fermentation ends, which will be verified when the gas outlet is completely paralyzed by the hose that is connected to the biodigester lid and The disposable bottle.
  • a method for preparing the liquid foliar fertilizer of the present invention can be: to add in a conventional mixing tank, the fermented liquid product obtained from anaerobic fermentation; and a mixture of mineral salts; and homogenize, at least, for 5 h.
  • the mixture of mineral salts comprises the following salts: zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate, manganese sulfate, sulfate of copper, calcium chloride, borax, cobalt sulfate, sodium molybdate and iron sulfate.
  • zinc sulfate is in an amount of 50 to 60 kg; magnesium sulfate from 50 to 60 kg; manganese sulfate from 8 to 10 kg; copper sulfate from 8 to 10 kg; calcium chloride of 50 to 60 kg; borax from 0.28 to 5 kg; cobalt sulfate from 1 to 3 kg; sodium molybdate of 2 to 5 kg; iron sulfate from 8 to 10 kg; and water should be applied until it reaches 7000 L.
  • a variant of this method is that the mineral salts can be pre-dissolved with water, in a 1: 1 ratio, mixed with each other and aforesated to 7000 L, before being added to the fermented liquid product.
  • Another embodiment of the method is that a ratio of about 1: 1 is preferred, between the fermented liquid product and the mixture of mineral salts. This proportion may vary depending on the balance of the liquid foliar fertilizer to be obtained.
  • the present method may also include transferring the fertilizer obtained by combining the fermented liquid product with the mixture of mineral salts, to a conventional supply tank, for dosing.
  • this invention also comprises this mixture used in the previous process, to obtain in itself, the foliar liquid fertilizer, which contains: the aforementioned fermented liquid product; the mixture of mineral salts detailed above; and acceptable excipients.
  • Table 2 shows some of the characteristics of the foliar liquid fertilizer obtained in this invention. Table 2. Some physical and chemical characteristics of the liquid foliar fertilizer of the present invention.
  • a manual filler for the dosing and packaging of the foliar liquid fertilizer, which has four positive pressure valves capable of filling drums of the following presentations: 1, 4, 5, 10 and 20 L.
  • the present invention also involves a method of fertilizing vegetables, which comprises applying a sufficient amount of the mixture to obtain a liquid foliar fertilizer or the liquid foliar fertilizer itself, described in this invention, about the foliage of vegetables.
  • the sufficient amount will depend on the type of vegetable to be fertilized, to mention an example, this amount can be 0.5 to 4 L per ha and the plants that are fertilized are: cereals, legumes, vegetables and ornamentals, preferably.
  • cereals are corn, sorghum, wheat, barley and oats, whose preferred doses are 2 to 4 L per ha.
  • the first application is when the plant has at least 5 leaves and apply again when the plant is in the physiological state called "embuche.” While what, for corn and sorghum, 3 applications are made every week, during the development of the plant.
  • a dose of 0.5 to 1 L per ha is applied to ornamental plants, making 1 to 3 applications per week.
  • the flour is pre-dissolved in boiling water, in a 1: 3 ratio; sugar is pre-dissolved in water, at a 1: 3 ratio; and the milk is boiled.
  • Example 2 The mixture of mineral salts used to prepare a liquid liquid fertilizer of this invention can be seen in Table 4.
  • the salts are pre-diluted with water in a ratio of 1: 1 and mixed with each other, and it is refined with water to a volume of 7000 L, then applied to the fermented liquid product.
  • the mixture for preparing the liquid foliar fertilizer of the present invention is illustrated in Table 5.
  • the planting was carried out on November 22, 2011, with a distance of 4 X 5 m, between plants; and the irrigation was rolled, every time the garden required it.
  • the spray directed to the foliage was made, once there was a considerable foliar area for its application.
  • the sowing was done on 10-Dec-10 with 55 kg of seed per hectare, has an age of 2 years.
  • the irrigation was rolled.
  • the sprinkling of the fertilizer in question was made on August 3, 2012, directed to the foliage, with the exception of the applications that were made after each cut, which were more directed to the ground, with gable or sprinkler with 16 nozzles, which It has a water expenditure of 200 L per hectare with a deposit of 400 L of water reaching 2 hectares.
  • the treatments proposed were 3, namely treatment 1 was made with 10 L, the fertilizer of this invention, for one hectare, treatment 2 was carried out with 4 L of the fertilizer, for one hectare and the control (treatment 3) without application of subscription.
  • the parameters that were evaluated were: the growth of the leaf area, cocking, and yields per hectare.
  • Results obtained illustrate that the treatment 1 plants had an intoxication by the applied foliar fertilizer, squatting, yellow color, a greater cocking, see Figure 4, plants F and G.
  • treatment 3 I do not present any change or to be considered, as can be seen in Figure 6, plants J and K.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un engrais liquide foliaire obtenu par mélange d'un produit liquide fermenté et d'un mélange de sels minéraux. Le produit liquide fermenté est obtenu d'une fermentation anaérobie d'un mélange organique, lequel mélange comprend à son tour des substances d'origine naturelle, autant animales que végétales. L'invention concerne aussi les procédés d'obtention dudit engrais liquide foliaire et du produit liquide fermenté ; ainsi que des procédés destinés à fertiliser des végétaux au moyen de cet engrais liquide foliaire.
PCT/MX2012/000124 2012-12-05 2012-12-05 Mélange et procédé pour l'obtention d'un engrais liquide foliaire Ceased WO2014088384A1 (fr)

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PCT/MX2012/000124 WO2014088384A1 (fr) 2012-12-05 2012-12-05 Mélange et procédé pour l'obtention d'un engrais liquide foliaire

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PCT/MX2012/000124 WO2014088384A1 (fr) 2012-12-05 2012-12-05 Mélange et procédé pour l'obtention d'un engrais liquide foliaire

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108264438A (zh) * 2018-04-27 2018-07-10 湖南省中科农业有限公司 一种油茶高产专用全元生物有机肥及其制备方法
CN108264437A (zh) * 2018-04-27 2018-07-10 湖南省中科农业有限公司 一种柑桔优质高产专用全元生物有机肥及其制备方法
CN108440196A (zh) * 2018-04-28 2018-08-24 田荣国 一种农业生产废弃物密闭好氧亚高温微生物发酵七天制肥法及装置
CN108530123A (zh) * 2018-06-21 2018-09-14 贵州省永兴科技有限公司 一种油茶种植专用肥料
CN108658668A (zh) * 2018-06-27 2018-10-16 安徽瑞然生物药肥科技有限公司 一种用于水培花卉的液态药肥的制备方法及药肥
CN108727092A (zh) * 2017-04-17 2018-11-02 中国农业科学院棉花研究所 一种以浓缩鸡粪发酵沼液为基液的棉花叶面肥
CN109042740A (zh) * 2018-08-02 2018-12-21 河北省农林科学院石家庄果树研究所 一种苹果树保叶保果剂及其应用
CN109400226A (zh) * 2018-12-03 2019-03-01 沈阳禾康永丰生物环保产业有限公司 一种利用废牛奶和有机废弃物制备生物有机肥的方法

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CN101514127A (zh) * 2009-04-07 2009-08-26 赵世友 绿色高效有机肥料及其生产工艺

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EP2011579A1 (fr) * 2006-03-31 2009-01-07 Menicon Co., Ltd. Procede de traitement de la biomasse, compost, paillis pour le betail et agent de traitement de la biomasse
CN101514127A (zh) * 2009-04-07 2009-08-26 赵世友 绿色高效有机肥料及其生产工艺

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108727092A (zh) * 2017-04-17 2018-11-02 中国农业科学院棉花研究所 一种以浓缩鸡粪发酵沼液为基液的棉花叶面肥
CN108264438A (zh) * 2018-04-27 2018-07-10 湖南省中科农业有限公司 一种油茶高产专用全元生物有机肥及其制备方法
CN108264437A (zh) * 2018-04-27 2018-07-10 湖南省中科农业有限公司 一种柑桔优质高产专用全元生物有机肥及其制备方法
CN108440196A (zh) * 2018-04-28 2018-08-24 田荣国 一种农业生产废弃物密闭好氧亚高温微生物发酵七天制肥法及装置
CN108530123A (zh) * 2018-06-21 2018-09-14 贵州省永兴科技有限公司 一种油茶种植专用肥料
CN108658668A (zh) * 2018-06-27 2018-10-16 安徽瑞然生物药肥科技有限公司 一种用于水培花卉的液态药肥的制备方法及药肥
CN109042740A (zh) * 2018-08-02 2018-12-21 河北省农林科学院石家庄果树研究所 一种苹果树保叶保果剂及其应用
CN109042740B (zh) * 2018-08-02 2021-05-11 河北省农林科学院石家庄果树研究所 一种苹果树保叶保果剂及其应用
CN109042740B8 (zh) * 2018-08-02 2021-05-28 河北省农林科学院石家庄果树研究所 一种苹果树保叶保果剂及其应用
CN109400226A (zh) * 2018-12-03 2019-03-01 沈阳禾康永丰生物环保产业有限公司 一种利用废牛奶和有机废弃物制备生物有机肥的方法

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