WO2014101630A1 - 近红外读数装置及电表 - Google Patents

近红外读数装置及电表 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014101630A1
WO2014101630A1 PCT/CN2013/088291 CN2013088291W WO2014101630A1 WO 2014101630 A1 WO2014101630 A1 WO 2014101630A1 CN 2013088291 W CN2013088291 W CN 2013088291W WO 2014101630 A1 WO2014101630 A1 WO 2014101630A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
infrared
voltage
signal
reading device
comparator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2013/088291
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
宋锡强
沈蔚
郭峻峰
江大川
陈凯
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Holley Technology Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Holley Technology Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201210590532.6A external-priority patent/CN103076474B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201320623324.1U external-priority patent/CN203587633U/zh
Priority claimed from CN201320624204.3U external-priority patent/CN203587659U/zh
Priority claimed from CN201320623309.7U external-priority patent/CN203630177U/zh
Application filed by Holley Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Holley Technology Co Ltd
Priority to EP13866598.9A priority Critical patent/EP2955528B1/en
Publication of WO2014101630A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014101630A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q9/00—Arrangements in telecontrol or telemetry systems for selectively calling a substation from a main station, in which substation desired apparatus is selected for applying a control signal thereto or for obtaining measured values therefrom
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R22/00—Arrangements for measuring time integral of electric power or current, e.g. electricity meters
    • G01R22/06—Arrangements for measuring time integral of electric power or current, e.g. electricity meters by electronic methods
    • G01R22/061—Details of electronic electricity meters
    • G01R22/066—Arrangements for avoiding or indicating fraudulent use
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
    • G08C23/00—Non-electrical signal transmission systems, e.g. optical systems
    • G08C23/04—Non-electrical signal transmission systems, e.g. optical systems using light waves, e.g. infrared
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R22/00—Arrangements for measuring time integral of electric power or current, e.g. electricity meters
    • G01R22/06—Arrangements for measuring time integral of electric power or current, e.g. electricity meters by electronic methods
    • G01R22/061—Details of electronic electricity meters
    • G01R22/063—Details of electronic electricity meters related to remote communication
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
    • G08C2201/00—Transmission systems of control signals via wireless link
    • G08C2201/10—Power supply of remote control devices
    • G08C2201/11—Energy harvesting
    • G08C2201/112—Mechanical energy, e.g. vibration, piezoelectric
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
    • G08C2201/00—Transmission systems of control signals via wireless link
    • G08C2201/10—Power supply of remote control devices
    • G08C2201/11—Energy harvesting
    • G08C2201/114—Solar power
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q2209/00—Arrangements in telecontrol or telemetry systems
    • H04Q2209/60—Arrangements in telecontrol or telemetry systems for transmitting utility meters data, i.e. transmission of data from the reader of the utility meter

Definitions

  • the invention claims CN201210590532.
  • the name of the CN11210590532. 6 is the near-infrared reading device and the case, and the CN201320624204. 3 application filed on October 10, 2013 is the anti-stealing electric meter.
  • the name of CN201320623324. 1 is the near-infrared reading device and the electric meter, and the name of the CN201320623309. 7 is the priority of the near-infrared reading device and the electric meter, and part of the description thereof is incorporated herein by reference.
  • This invention relates to electrical grid electrical power measurement techniques and, more particularly, to a near infrared communication device. And an intelligent electronic meter designed on this basis.
  • An electric meter is an electric measuring device capable of measuring and transmitting the power consumption of a power system user. It mainly obtains current and voltage analog signals by analog sampling the current and voltage of the power line of the power system, and then The analog signal is processed to obtain data information.
  • the electrical measurement equipment of power system users has also been continuously improved, and smart electric measuring equipment such as smart meters and multi-rate meters have emerged to meet the power.
  • a variety of needs of the system At present, for single-phase electric meters, the performance of the equipment has been continuously improved and optimized, but problems have arisen. For example, the cost of the electric meter itself is constantly increasing, and the design is complicated and cumbersome, and some functions have not been effective.
  • CN202159083U discloses an anti-theft electric meter, and discloses the technical feature of a battery power supply circuit, which is connected with a single chip microcomputer and a metering chip. This technical solution only reflects its communication If there is a current in the fire line to determine whether there is a power failure, it cannot really solve the problem of power failure and normal metering.
  • the data programming of the electric meter is realized by a near-infrared reading device, and an infrared suction cup made of a ferrous material is usually fixed on the inner side of the electric meter case or above the outer near-infrared light-emitting tube, and the near-infrared reading is performed.
  • the device is equipped with a magnetic ring. When data needs to be read, the magnetic ring of the reading device is attracted to the infrared suction cup of the electric energy meter case.
  • the drawback is that the cost is high, and the infrared suction cup on the case and the magnetic ring in the reading device increase the cost of the product; the reading device is bulky and heavy, and the magnetic ring needs to have strong magnetic force, which increases the weight of the reading device and volume.
  • the conventional near-infrared reading device has the structural form as shown in Fig. 1:
  • the infrared suction cup 2 made of ferrous material is fixed in the upper side of the inner or outer near-infrared light-emitting tube of the electric energy meter case 1 in different manners, and the near-infrared reading device 4 is assembled.
  • There is a magnetic ring 3 when the data needs to be read, the magnetic ring of the reading device is attracted to the infrared suction cup of the electric energy meter case.
  • Disadvantages 1. High cost, the infrared suction cup on the case and the magnetic ring in the reading device will increase the cost of the product; 2.
  • the reading device is bulky and heavy, the magnetic ring needs to have strong magnetic, and the reading device is added. Weight and volume.
  • the traditional near-infrared communication head must meet the infrared receiving tube of the infrared transmitting tube alignment device of the communication head, and the infrared receiving tube of the communication head can be aligned with the infrared transmitting tube of the device to communicate.
  • the IEC standard and the ANSI standard define the position of the infrared transmitting tube and the infrared receiving tube on the meter just oppositely, which results in the design of the infrared communication head to distinguish between two different standards.
  • the power scheme of the traditional electric meter can only output one power supply, and the output capability of the power supply is limited.
  • the maximum output power is the current limiting current multiplied by the clamp voltage.
  • a large load or short-circuit of the load can cause the power supply voltage to drop, causing the microprocessor (MCU) to be inoperable.
  • Low-power power frequency transformers for traditional electricity meters and AC-DC switching power supply can only be applied to 220VAC, and incorrect access to 380VAC power grid will burn the power supply. When the grid is output 380VAC due to wiring errors or broken wires, all devices that are connected to the grid that are not resistant to 380VAC will burn out.
  • the traditional ohmic-resistance step-down scheme of the meter does not have an isolation function, and cannot be applied to a power supply such as RS485, and there is a risk of electric shock.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the first embodiment of the present invention is to provide a near-infrared reading device which is small in size, light in weight, and low in cost.
  • the near-infrared reading device includes a near-infrared reading device body, and the near-infrared reading device body has a magnetic column fixed at one end and a data interface at the other end.
  • the end of the near-infrared reading device body is provided with a read head housing, and the reading head housing is provided with a reading module.
  • the readhead housing is provided with a lug on each side of each of the two sides, and each lug is provided with a recess in which a magnetic post is fixed.
  • a center of the top of the read head housing is provided with a boss.
  • the data interface is an aviation plug or a USB interface.
  • a watch case matched with the near-infrared reading device wherein the case is fixed with an iron column, and the iron column corresponds to the position of the magnetic column and can be adsorbed together.
  • a positioning groove is provided in the center of the inner side of the case.
  • the inside of the case is provided with a limiting slot, and the positioning slot is located in the bottom surface of the limiting slot.
  • the iron column is located on both sides of the positioning groove, and an outer end surface of the iron column is flush with a bottom surface of the limiting groove.
  • the invention adopts the above technical solution, 1.
  • the infrared suction cup on the case is replaced by the iron column, and the magnetic ring on the near-infrared reading device is replaced by the magnetic column, which can greatly reduce the cost;
  • the reading head is reduced in volume and weight is reduced .
  • the second embodiment of the present invention aims to overcome the above technical drawbacks and proposes a single-phase single-wire anti-theft electric meter.
  • the technical solution is: anti-stealing electric meter, which is connected between the grid power supply line and the grid user load, and the improvement thereof
  • the design comprises: a case and a near-infrared reading device matched with the case, wherein a terminal, a processor and an infrared communication part are arranged in the case, the infrared communication part is electrically connected to the processor, the power supply line
  • the L line and the N line are connected to the electric meter through the terminal, and further includes a resistor-capacitor voltage reducing portion, an analog input portion, a power source detecting portion, and a strong magnetic detecting portion, wherein the terminal is tapped to the analog input portion and a step-down portion, the analog input portion is electrically connected to the processor, and the step-down portion is electrically connected to the processor through the power source detecting portion and the strong magnetic
  • an iron column is fixed in the watch case, and a magnetic column is fixed in the near-infrared reading device, and the iron column corresponds to the position of the magnetic column and can be adsorbed together.
  • the terminal includes an L incoming end, an N incoming end, an L outgoing end, and an N outgoing end, wherein the L incoming end and the N incoming end are connected to a grid power supply line, the L The outlet end and the N outlet end are connected to the grid user load, the L incoming end is tapped to the N incoming end, the L outgoing end, and further connected to the N outgoing end; or the terminal includes the L incoming end, N The incoming end, the L outgoing end and the N outgoing end, and further comprising a grounding end, wherein the L incoming end and the N incoming end are connected to a grid power supply line, and the L outgoing end and the N outgoing end are connected to a power grid user Load, the L incoming end is tapped to the N incoming end, the L outgoing end, and further connected to the N outgoing end, the ground connected to the N incoming end.
  • the analog input unit includes an L line manganese copper current sampling unit, an N line CT current sampling unit, and a voltage sampling unit, and an input end of the L line manganese copper current sampling unit is connected to the L incoming end.
  • the N-line CT current sampling portion and the input end of the voltage sampling portion are connected between the L-input terminal and the N-input terminal, and the L-line manganese-copper current sampling portion and the N-line CT are connected to the N-outlet end.
  • the outputs of the current sampling section and the voltage sampling section are respectively connected to the processor.
  • the analog input unit includes an L line manganese copper current sampling unit, an N line CT current sampling unit, and a voltage sampling unit, and an input end of the L line manganese copper current sampling unit is connected to the L incoming line. End and N out Between the line ends, the input end of the N-line CT current sampling part and the voltage sampling part is connected between the L incoming end and the N incoming end, the L line manganese copper current sampling part, the N line CT current sampling The outputs of the portion and the voltage sampling portion are connected to the processor, respectively.
  • the step-down unit includes a resistor-capacitor step-down unit, a power-off CT unit, and a voltage regulator unit, and an input end of the resistor-capacitor step-down unit is connected to the L-input terminal, and the voltage-stabilizing unit inputs
  • the terminals are electrically connected to the resistor-capacitor step-down unit and the power-collecting CT unit, and the voltage-stabilizing unit output end is electrically connected to the power source detecting unit.
  • the step-down portion includes a resistor-capacitor step-down portion and a voltage stabilizing portion, and an input end of the resistor-capacitor step-down portion is connected to the L-input terminal, and the input ends of the voltage-stabilizing portion are respectively electrically connected
  • the output of the voltage regulator is electrically connected to the power source detecting unit.
  • the step-down portion includes a resistor-capacitor step-down circuit, a power-off CT circuit, and a voltage stabilizing circuit, and the input of the resistor-capacitor step-down circuit
  • the terminal is connected to the L incoming terminal, and the input end of the voltage stabilizing circuit is electrically connected to the RC circuit and the power take-off CT circuit, respectively, and the output end of the voltage stabilizing circuit is electrically connected to the power detecting circuit.
  • the terminal includes an L incoming end, an N incoming end, an L outgoing end, and an N outgoing end, and further includes a ground end, wherein the L incoming end
  • the power supply line is connected to the N incoming line, and the L outgoing end and the N outgoing end are connected to the grid user load, and the L incoming end is tapped to the N incoming end, the L outgoing end, and further connected to the N outgoing line. end.
  • the analog input circuit includes an L-line manganese-copper current sampling circuit, an N-line CT current sampling circuit, and a voltage sampling circuit, and an input end of the L-line manganese-copper current sampling circuit Connected between the L incoming end and the N outgoing end, the N line CT current sampling circuit and the input end of the voltage sampling circuit are connected between the L incoming end and the N incoming end, the L line manganese copper
  • the outputs of the current sampling circuit, the N-line CT current sampling circuit, and the voltage sampling circuit are respectively connected to the processor.
  • the ground end is connected to the N-input end.
  • the step-down portion includes a resistor-capacitor step-down circuit and a voltage stabilizing circuit, and an input end of the resistor-capacitor step-down circuit is connected to the L line terminal, and the voltage regulator is The input ends of the circuit are electrically connected to the RC circuit, and the output end of the voltage stabilizing circuit is electrically connected to the power detecting circuit.
  • the infrared communication circuit further includes an infrared communication port interconnected with an external infrared reading interface.
  • the infrared communication port is connected with an external infrared reading interface, and data transmission is performed by infrared communication.
  • the input circuit includes a display circuit and a programming circuit.
  • the display circuit is provided with a display control key and is electrically connected. To the microcontroller.
  • the programming circuit is provided with a program control key and is electrically connected to the single chip microcomputer.
  • a power supply detecting method for a single-phase single-wire anti-theft electric meter as described above is characterized in that the following steps are included: the power meter is powered on; the single-chip microcomputer determines the power mode, and if it is determined that the power line of the power grid is powered, Electrical initialization, if it is determined that the battery is powered on, the power failure initialization is performed; after the power-on initialization is completed, the power-on main cycle is performed; after the power failure initialization is completed, the power-off main cycle is performed; after the power-on main cycle is completed, the power-off is performed. Detection, if there is still power, it will restart the main power cycle. If the power is detected, the power failure will be initialized. After the power failure cycle, the power-on detection will be performed. If the power failure is detected, the power failure will be restarted. Cycle, if power is detected, the main power cycle is performed.
  • the power-on main loop includes sequentially performing in a preset time period: metering processing; display processing; event processing; Reason.
  • the power-off main loop is sequentially performed in a preset time period: power failure detecting processing; power stealing event processing; and interrupt processing.
  • the invention mainly relates to a 360° omnidirectional communication device applied to near-infrared communication, which mainly comprises: a near-infrared emitting part, an infrared signal receiving part, a slope comparator, and a TXD signal shielding part.
  • the circuit adopts a central symmetrical design, which does not need to align the infrared transmitting tube and the receiving tube of the near-infrared communication of the meter end, and can realize communication at any angle.
  • the circuit can be compatible with the requirements of near-infrared communication readings of IEC standard and ANSI standard, without alignment You can communicate.
  • a near-infrared reading device for communication coupling with an infrared communication portion of an electric meter comprising a near-infrared reading device body, the improved design of: the near-infrared reading device body is provided with data at one end thereof interface.
  • the end of the near-infrared reading device body is provided with a readhead housing, and the reading head housing is provided with a reading module, and the reading module is connected to the data interface.
  • the reading module includes a DSP, a signal transmitting portion, a signal receiving portion, a slope comparator, and a TXD signal shielding portion, wherein the DSP passes through the signal transmitting portion and the signal receiving portion, respectively.
  • the infrared communication unit of the electric meter transmits and receives an infrared signal, and a slope comparator and a TXD signal shielding unit coupled thereto are connected between the signal transmitting unit and the signal receiving unit.
  • the near-infrared reading device further includes a power supply that supplies an operating voltage to the DSP, the signal transmitting portion and the signal receiving portion, and further connects the data interface, and obtains an external power source through the data interface. .
  • the data interface is an aviation plug or a USB interface.
  • the signal transmitting portion includes an infrared transmitting array and is coupled thereto
  • a switching device is controlled by the switching device Q1 to the TXD signal terminal of the DSP and further controls the infrared emission array, wherein the infrared emission array comprises a plurality of infrared transmitting tubes arranged in parallel and symmetrically.
  • the switching device is a transistor Q1.
  • the signal receiving portion includes a pull-up device and an infrared receiving tube T1 connected thereto, and the infrared receiving portion T1 receives the infrared signal of the infrared communication portion of the meter.
  • the potential pull-up device is a pull-up resistor R4.
  • the input of the slope comparator is connected to the signal receiving portion, and includes: a controlled switching device connected to the signal receiving portion, and the infrared receiving tube T1 according to the signal receiving portion The signal causes on-off control of the subsequent circuit;
  • a pull-up device that connects the controlled switching device to boost or attenuate the signal obtained by its switching to a first voltage
  • a voltage dividing device connected to the controlled switching device to divide a signal obtained by switching it on to obtain a second voltage
  • Comparator U1B which respectively inputs the first and second voltages of the pull-up device and the voltage dividing device as positive and negative terminals to determine a digital signal to the RXD signal terminal of the DSP.
  • the controlled switching devices are diodes D7, D9 connected in parallel with each other; the pull-up device is a pull-up resistor R8; and the voltage dividing device is a voltage dividing resistor R6, R12.
  • a capacitive device in parallel with the voltage dividing device, which charges and discharges during the switching process of the controlled switching device, so that the first voltage and the first A fixed difference is produced between the two voltages.
  • the capacitive device is capacitor C2.
  • the TXD signal shielding unit is connected to the TXD signal end of the DSP, and is controlled.
  • the slope comparator is comprised of:
  • a switching device that is connected to the TXD signal terminal and further controls the subsequent stage circuit according to the level thereof; a pull-up device that connects the controlled switching device to boost or attenuate the signal obtained by the switching a voltage
  • a voltage dividing device connected to the controlled switching device to divide a signal obtained by switching it on to obtain a second voltage
  • Comparator U1A which respectively inputs the first and second voltages of the pull-up device and the voltage dividing device as positive and negative terminals to determine a digital signal to control the digital signal output of the slope comparator.
  • the switching device is a diode D8
  • the pull-up device is a pull-up resistor R11
  • the voltage dividing device is a voltage dividing resistor R9, R10.
  • the electric meter is connected between the grid power supply line and the grid user load
  • the improved design comprises: including the near-infrared reading device according to the foregoing, and a matching case, and setting in the case a processor and an infrared communication unit, wherein the infrared communication unit is electrically connected to the processor, wherein the watch case is fixed with an iron column, the near infrared reading device is fixed with a magnetic column, the iron column and the magnetic The positions of the columns correspond and can be adsorbed together.
  • the method for the meter to perform near infrared data communication with an external device includes the steps of:
  • the external data device sends a reading signal to the infrared communication unit through the reading module:
  • the TXD signal terminal is placed at a low level, and a low-level signal is input to the switching device of the signal transmitting portion through the resistor R5 to be turned on, thereby causing a first voltage of the power source to be supplied to the infrared emitting array to be infra-red.
  • the communication department sends an infrared signal;
  • the processor of the electric meter receives the infrared signal through the infrared communication unit, and feeds back the data signal to the signal receiving unit;
  • the infrared receiving tube T1 is in an amplified state, and the C pole thereof is in a low level state with an indeterminate level, and at this time, the C pole
  • the voltage is proportional to the infrared emission intensity and the divergence angle of the infrared communication portion of the electric meter.
  • the C-pole voltage gradually approaches 0V;
  • the infrared communication unit ends transmitting the data signal, the C-pole voltage of the infrared receiving tube T1 is boosted to the first voltage by the pull-up device;
  • step 3 when the signal transmitting portion does not receive the signal from the TXD signal terminal, the DSP sets it to a high level and inputs it to the signal transmitting portion through the resistor R5.
  • the switching device has a high level signal to turn off; in step 5), when the data signal of the infrared communication portion is not received, the C pole voltage of the infrared receiving tube T1 is strongly placed on the first voltage by the pulling device.
  • the infrared receiving tube T1 when the infrared receiving tube T1 receives the feedback data signal, it begins to enter the amplification state, and its C-pole voltage begins to drop, causing the controlled comparator device of the slope comparator to start conducting, respectively, resulting in comparison.
  • the first and second voltages obtained by the positive and negative terminals of U1B are decreased;
  • the positive terminal voltage falling speed of the comparator U1B is controlled to be higher than the negative terminal voltage by the capacitive device, so that the comparator U1B output is low level, and the RXD signal terminal starts to jump from a high level to a low level;
  • the voltage drop on the controlled switching device is not Similarly, the positive terminal voltage of the comparator UIB is less than the negative terminal voltage, so that the comparator U1B is maintained at the low level output, and the RXD signal terminal continues to output the low level signal;
  • the infrared receiving tube T1 stops receiving the feedback data signal, it starts to change from the amplified state to the off state, and its C-pole voltage starts to rise to the first voltage, so that the positive-side voltage of the controlled switching device starts to rise;
  • the capacitive device is charged by the voltage dividing resistor, which causes the voltage of the negative terminal of the comparator U1B to rise faster than the positive terminal voltage.
  • the output of the comparator U1B outputs a high level through the pull-up resistor, and the RXD signal terminal outputs a high level.
  • the switching device of the TXD signal shielding portion is turned off, so that the positive terminal input voltage of the comparator U1A is boosted to the first voltage by the pull-up resistor.
  • the negative terminal voltage of the comparator U1A is a second voltage obtained by dividing the first voltage by a voltage dividing resistor. At this time, the positive terminal voltage of the comparator U1A is higher than the negative terminal voltage, so that the comparator U1A does not have a slope.
  • the negative end of the comparator is controlled;
  • the switching device of the TXD signal shielding portion is turned on, so that the positive terminal voltage of the comparator U1A is set lower than the negative terminal voltage by the pull-up device to output a low level;
  • the comparator U1B negative terminal voltage is pulled to a low level, so that the positive terminal input voltage is always greater than the negative terminal input voltage and outputs a high level, and the RXD signal terminal outputs a high level.
  • the beneficial effects of the present invention are obvious, and the solution adopts a center-symmetric design.
  • the slope comparator is used to overcome the problem that the rising edge/falling edge of the infrared receiving signal is slow due to the angular difference between the infrared receiving tube and the infrared transmitting tube of the device, and the communication between the infrared transmitting tube and the infrared receiving tube in the non-center alignment is realized.
  • a preferred embodiment of the present invention mainly relates to an electric meter for near-infrared communication.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention is capable of outputting multiple power sources, and is powered from a high-voltage AC power source to supply a low-voltage low-power DC.
  • the power technology used by the device It can be used to output 12V, 5V, 24V and other non-isolated and isolated power supply designs from 220VAC or 380VAC.
  • One of the embodiments of the present invention can be used for preventing 380 VAC protection design of the device, and can broaden the use range of the conventional RC-capacitor power supply and replace the application of some small-power power frequency transformers and AC-DC switching power supplies. It can be applied to equipment such as electric energy meter, household appliance, relay control, etc. In one embodiment, it relates to using this technology to reduce the power consumption of the meter and to satisfy the compensation of near-infrared power.
  • a near-infrared reading device for communication coupling with an infrared communication portion of an electric meter comprising a near-infrared reading device body, the improved design of: the near-infrared reading device body is provided with data at one end thereof The interface, wherein the end of the near-infrared reading device body is provided with a readhead housing, the reading head housing is provided with a reading module, and the reading module is connected to the data interface.
  • a power supply is further included that provides an operating voltage to the reading module and further connects the data interface through which an external power source is obtained.
  • the reading module includes a plurality of infrared emitting tubes arranged in a circular shape, wherein a cone emission angle of the infrared transmitting tube is set in a range of 30 to 75°.
  • an electric meter which is connected between the power supply line of the power grid and the load of the power grid user, and the improved design comprises: comprising the near-infrared reading device according to the technical solution 1 and a matching case thereof, a processor and an infrared communication unit are disposed in the case, the infrared communication unit is electrically connected to the processor, wherein the watch case is fixed with an iron column, and the near infrared reading device is fixed with a magnetic column, the iron column Corresponding to the position of the magnetic column and can be adsorbed together.
  • the power supply includes a voltage reducing portion, and the voltage reducing portion is further composed of a cascade of n-level RC buffers, wherein each of the RC buffers includes an impedance of an L line connected to the power line of the power grid.
  • a capacitive device connected in series, and a bidirectional TVS tube connecting the capacitive element, wherein the L-line grid alternating current is limited by the impedance and the capacitive device, and then clamped back through the bidirectional TVS tube and then flows back N line.
  • a bridge stack and a charge and discharge device connected thereto are further configured for the rear end coupling of the bidirectional TVS tube.
  • the power scheme of the conventional electric meter can only output one power source, and the output capability of the power source is limited, and the maximum output power is the current limiting current multiplied by the clamp voltage.
  • a large load or short-circuit of the load can cause the power supply voltage to drop, causing the microprocessor (MCU) to malfunction.
  • the segment output type resistance-capacitor step-down power supply of the invention can be connected with a plurality of rectifying and stabilizing circuits in the resistance-capacitance step-down circuit to obtain n-channel DC power sources, and the maximum output capability of each channel of the DC power source is the current limiting current multiplied by each channel. Clamping voltage.
  • the overall power output power is approximately n times that of a conventional RC capacitor. Multiple loads can be hanged without affecting each other. Large loads will not affect the MCU part, which improves the reliability of the system.
  • the traditional RC solution has no isolation function and cannot be applied to RS485 and other power supply, and there is a risk of electric shock.
  • This solution uses a flyback isolated power supply output to supply power to RS485, RS232, MBUS circuits that need to be isolated or key circuits that the human body will touch to prevent accidental electric shock.
  • the relay equivalent BUCK topology used in this scheme can drive relays of various voltage specifications under one voltage by changing the duty cycle of the PWM waveform.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a conventional near-infrared reading device
  • FIG. 2A is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of a near-infrared reading device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a body of a near-infrared reading device
  • Figure 2B is a cross-sectional view of A-A in Figure 3;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic structural view of the case
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a single-phase single-wire anti-theft electric meter according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a circuit schematic diagram of a processor portion of a single-phase single-wire anti-theft electric meter of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a wiring diagram of a preferred embodiment of the terminal of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the main circuit of the reading module of the near infrared reading device of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic view showing the radial arrangement of the infrared emitting tubes in the reading module
  • Fig. 10 is a main circuit diagram of a power supply portion of the electric meter of the present invention.
  • the near-infrared reading device includes a near-infrared reading device body 4, and the near-infrared reading device body 4 has a magnetic column 3 fixed at one end and a data interface at the other end. 5, the case 2 is fixed with an iron column 1 in the figure, and the iron column 1 corresponds to the position of the magnetic column 3 and can be adsorbed together, that is, the near-infrared reading device passes through the magnetic column 3 and the iron in the case Column adsorption.
  • the end of the near-infrared reading device body 4 is provided with a read head housing 6, and the read head housing 6 is provided with a reading module 7.
  • a lug is provided on each side of the read head housing 6 61.
  • Each lug 61 is provided with a groove, and a magnetic column 3 is fixed in the groove.
  • two iron pillars 1 are disposed in the case 2 corresponding to the magnetic column.
  • a center of the top of the read head housing 6 is provided with a boss 62.
  • the inner side of the case 2 is provided with a positioning groove 22 corresponding to the boss 62.
  • a limiting slot 21 is defined in the inner side of the case, and the positioning slot 22 is located in the bottom surface of the limiting slot 21 .
  • the iron column 1 is located on both sides of the positioning groove 22, and the outer end surface of the iron column 1 is flush with the bottom surface of the limiting groove 21.
  • the iron infrared suction cup on the surface of the electric energy meter is changed into an iron column, and the iron column can be fixed on the surface of the electric energy meter by using a process such as inlaying, hot melting and press fitting, and the magnetic column is press-fitted. It is fixed in the lug of the read head housing.
  • the magnetic column can be attracted to the iron column.
  • the data interface at the other end of the near infrared reading device body can be an aviation plug, USB interface or other data interface.
  • the near-infrared design of the case is compatible with the traditional near-infrared reading device and the improved near-infrared reading device.
  • the case is placed in the position of the near-infrared reading device.
  • the limiting slot is suitable for the traditional near-infrared reading device.
  • the positioning groove is suitable for improvement.
  • the position of the near-infrared suction cup placed on the front of the near-infrared light-emitting tube on the case is changed to an iron column.
  • the iron column can be fixed on the surface of the electric energy meter by means of inlaid hot-melt, press-fit, etc.
  • the outer end surface of the iron column should be plastic. The surface is flush to enhance suction.
  • the magnetic column replaces the magnetic ring of the conventional near-infrared reading device.
  • the magnetic column is fixed on the readhead housing by a press-fit process.
  • the volume of the magnetic column is much smaller than that of the magnetic ring, and the cost is greatly reduced.
  • the reading head cover can be fixed by screws or by other means such as ultrasonic welding, snapping, gluing or the like. Align the magnetic column with the iron column, and insert the protruding part of the reading head housing into the positioning groove to easily attach the near-infrared reading head device to the case and read the data.
  • the improved near-infrared reading device is also suitable for other meters with near-infrared iron chucks.
  • the data interface can be an aviation plug, USB interface or other data interface.
  • an embodiment of an anti-tamper meter includes a case 2 and a near-infrared reading device 4 cooperating therewith, wherein a terminal, a processor and an infrared communication are disposed within the case Department
  • the infrared communication unit is electrically connected to the processor, and the L line and the N line of the power supply line are connected to the electric meter through the terminal, and further includes a step-down unit, an analog input unit, a power source detecting unit, and a strong magnetic detecting unit.
  • the terminal is tapped to the analog input portion and the step-down portion, the analog input portion is electrically connected to the processor, and the step-down portion is electrically connected to the processor through the power source detecting portion and the strong magnetic detecting portion, respectively, wherein
  • the infrared communication unit and the near-infrared reading device 4 are mutually coupled and coupled to each other by infrared communication.
  • the single-phase single-wire anti-theft electric meter is connected between the grid power supply line and the grid user load, and includes the terminal 10, the display 20, the processor 30, the memory 40, the input circuit 50, and the infrared communication circuit 60. .
  • the display 20, the memory 40, the input circuit 50 and the infrared communication circuit 60 are electrically connected to the processor 30, respectively, through which the L and N lines of the grid supply line are connected to the meter 1.
  • the preferred embodiment of the single-phase stripline anti-theft electric meter of the present invention further includes a voltage reducing portion 70, an analog input circuit 80, a power source detecting circuit 90, and a strong magnetic detecting circuit 100.
  • the terminal 10 is tapped to the analog input circuit 80 and the step-down unit 70, the analog input circuit 80 is electrically connected to the processor 30, and the step-down unit 70 is electrically connected to the processor through the power source detecting circuit 90 and the strong magnetic detecting circuit 100, respectively. 30.
  • an iron column 1 is fixed in the case, and a magnetic column 3 is fixed in the near-infrared reading device 4, and the iron column 1 and the magnetic column 3 are The positions are corresponding and can be absorbed together.
  • the end of the near-infrared reading device body 4 is provided with a readhead housing 6, and the reading head housing 6 is provided with a reading module 7, and the reading module 7 is connected to the data interface 5.
  • the processor 30 includes a single chip microcomputer 31 and a switching circuit 32, and the switching circuit 32 is electrically connected to the single chip microcomputer 31.
  • the above various components provided in the single-phase single-wire anti-theft electric meter of the present invention are integrated on the same PCB circuit board, and the conventional electric meter manufacturing company usually selects, for example, the memory 40, the display and the display circuit 20 and the processor 30 to be integrated. On one circuit board, and the remaining components are layered, which increases the manufacturing cost and connection stability, and the advantage of the present invention is that between the various circuits/components The novel connection and installation method to solve such defects.
  • the single chip microcomputer 31 is preferably a 16-bit MCU of the MSP430F427 type produced by TI Corporation, and is preferably provided with a metering unit (preferably ESP430A1) and an ADC circuit. As shown in FIG. 2, the power grid L and N power lines pass through the terminal 10 of the meter 1 and then enter the step-down unit 70 and the analog input circuit 80, and then the circuits 70 and 80 transmit the analog signals of the current I and the voltage U to the single chip 31.
  • the ADC circuit of the single chip microcomputer 31 converts the signal into a digital signal and sends it to the metering unit.
  • the metering unit has dual registers, that is, a current register and a voltage register for two-channel metering, and adopts a formula:
  • the demand measurement power P TOU is obtained , and the demand refers to the electric energy accumulated in the demand period divided by the demand period. When the demand period is over, compare it with the active/visual maximum demand of the channel. If the demand is large, the new maximum demand and maximum demand time are updated to the current demand and the time of occurrence.
  • the demand mode is calculated by using an interval, and the content of the demand measurement includes, for example, the total maximum demand and the occurrence time within 30 minutes, the current active demand and the time of occurrence.
  • the metering unit performs two-way metering in forward and reverse directions, that is, the positive battery value is the sum of the absolute values of the positive and negative power.
  • the memory 40, display 20 and infrared communication circuit 60 are electrically coupled to the microcontroller 31, respectively.
  • the infrared communication circuit 60 can be directly coupled to the single chip microcomputer 31, that is, mounted in the processor 30.
  • the switching circuit 32 includes a stop switching circuit 33 and a stop switching circuit 34, and the stop switching circuit 33 and the stop switching circuit 34 are respectively connected to MCU 31.
  • the processor 30 further includes a clock circuit 35, a bias circuit 36 and a programming terminal 37 coupled thereto in electrical communication.
  • Clock Circuit 35 preferably includes a crystal oscillator circuit set to 32.768K such that the overall error is less than ls in one year.
  • the bias circuit 36 is used to adjust the voltage of the function terminal of the processor 30 of the electric meter 1.
  • the programming terminal 37 is preferably disposed inside the processor 30 and coupled to the single chip 31.
  • the programming terminal 37 can also be disposed in the infrared communication circuit 60.
  • the clock circuit 35 can be controlled by the programming terminal 37, for example by an external communication device, preferably an infrared reading device 62, for optical communication with the time and date calculated by the clock circuit.
  • an external communication device preferably an infrared reading device 62
  • the time measurement and the segmentation reading can be performed by the electric measurement data of the single chip 31 according to the control of the clock circuit.
  • the terminal includes an L incoming end S1, an N incoming end S2, an L outgoing end S3, and an N outgoing end S4, wherein The L incoming end S1 and the N incoming end S2 are connected to a grid power supply line SUPPLY, and the L outgoing end S3 and the N outgoing end S4 are connected to a grid user load LOAD, wherein the L incoming end SI is tapped to N The incoming end S2, the outgoing end S3, and further connected to the N outgoing end S4.
  • the analog input circuit 80 includes an L-line manganese-copper current sampling circuit, an N-line CT current sampling circuit, and a voltage sampling circuit, and the L-line manganese copper current sampling
  • the input end of the circuit is connected between the L incoming terminal S1 and the N outgoing terminal S4, and the input terminals of the N-line CT current sampling circuit and the voltage sampling circuit are connected to the L incoming terminal S1 and the N incoming terminal S3.
  • the outputs of the L-line manganese copper current sampling circuit, the N-line CT current sampling circuit, and the voltage sampling circuit are connected to the processor 30, respectively.
  • the step-down portion 70 includes a resistor-capacitor step-down circuit, a power-collecting CT circuit, and a voltage stabilizing circuit, and an input terminal of the resistor-capacitor step-down circuit
  • the input end of the voltage stabilizing circuit is electrically connected to the RC circuit and the power take-off CT circuit, and the output end of the voltage stabilizing circuit is electrically connected to the power detecting circuit 90.
  • the terminal 10 includes an L-input end S1, an N-input end S2, an L-out end S3, and an N-out end S4, and further includes a The grounding end S5, wherein the L incoming end S1 and the N incoming end S2 are connected to the grid power supply line, the L outgoing end S3 and the N outgoing end S4 are connected to the grid user load, and the L incoming end S1 is tapped to the N incoming end S2 , L outgoing end S3, and further connected to N outgoing end S4.
  • the analog input circuit 80 includes an L-line manganese-copper current sampling circuit, an N-line CT current sampling circuit, and a voltage sampling circuit, and an L-line manganese copper current sampling.
  • the input end of the circuit is connected between the L incoming terminal S1 and the N outgoing terminal S4, and the input terminals of the N-line CT current sampling circuit and the voltage sampling circuit are connected to the L incoming terminal S1 and the N incoming terminal S2.
  • the outputs of the L-line manganese copper current sampling circuit, the N-line CT current sampling circuit, and the voltage sampling circuit are respectively connected to the processor 30.
  • the ground terminal S5 is connected to the N terminal S2.
  • the step-down portion 70 includes a resistor-capacitor step-down circuit and a voltage stabilizing circuit, and an input end of the resistor-capacitor step-down circuit is connected to the L line terminal S1.
  • the input ends of the voltage stabilizing circuit are electrically connected to the RC circuit, and the output end of the voltage stabilizing circuit is electrically connected to the power detecting circuit 90.
  • the infrared communication portion further includes an infrared communication port interconnected with the infrared reading interface of the near infrared reading device 4.
  • the infrared communication port is coupled to the external infrared reading interface, and the data is transmitted by infrared communication.
  • the input circuit 50 includes a display Circuit and programming circuit.
  • the display circuit is provided with a display control key and is electrically connected to the single chip microcomputer 31.
  • the programming circuit is provided with a program control key and is electrically connected to the single chip microcomputer 31.
  • a power supply detecting method for a single-phase single-wire anti-theft electric meter as described above is characterized in that the following steps are included: 1.
  • the electric meter 1 is powered on; 2.
  • the single-chip microcomputer 31 determines the power supply mode, and if it is determined to be the power grid If the power line is powered, the power-on initialization is performed. If it is determined that the battery is powered on, the power-off initialization is performed. 3. After the power-on initialization is completed, the power-on main cycle is performed; after the power-down initialization is completed, the power-off main cycle is performed; After the main cycle of power-on is completed, power-off detection is performed. If power is detected, the power-on main cycle is restarted. If power-off is detected, power-off initialization is performed. After power-off cycle, power-on detection is performed. If it is detected that the power is still off, the main power cycle is restarted. If the power is detected, the main power cycle is performed.
  • the power-on main loop includes sequentially performing in a preset time period: 1. metering processing; 2. display processing; 3. event processing 4, communication processing.
  • the main power failure cycle includes: performing power failure detection processing in a preset time period: 2. power failure detection processing; Interrupt processing.
  • the near-infrared reading device and the infrared communication portion of an electric meter are communicatively coupled, and include a near-infrared reading device body 4, and a rear end of the near-infrared reading device body 4 is provided with a data interface.
  • the end of the reading device body 4 is provided with a readhead housing 6, in which the reading module 7 is provided, and the reading module 7 is connected to the data interface 5.
  • the reading module 7 includes a DSP (Digital Signal Processor) 706, a signal transmitting portion 702, a signal receiving portion 703, a slope comparator 704, and a TXD signal shielding portion 705, wherein
  • the DSP 706 transmits and receives an infrared signal to the infrared communication unit 201 of the electric meter through the signal transmitting unit 702 and the signal receiving unit 703, respectively, and a slope comparison is connected between the signal transmitting unit 702 and the signal receiving unit 703.
  • the 704 and the TXD signal blocking portion 705 coupled thereto.
  • the near-infrared reading device 10 further includes a power source 701 that provides an operating voltage to the DSP 706, the signal transmitting portion 702, and the signal receiving portion 703, and further connects the USB data interface 707 through the USB.
  • Data interface 707 acquires an external +12V power source.
  • the data interface is an aviation plug or a USB interface
  • a USB interface is generally selected, and an aviation interface can be selected on an industrial grade meter.
  • the signal transmitting portion 702 includes an infrared emitting array, and a switching device (preferably a transistor Q1) coupled thereto, and the TXD signal controlled by the DSP through the transistor Q1. And further controlling the infrared emission array, wherein the infrared emission array comprises a plurality of infrared transmitting tubes arranged in parallel and symmetrically.
  • a preferred embodiment of a signal transmitting portion 702 is shown in Fig. 8, which is composed of resistors R1, R2, R3, R5, infrared transmitting tubes D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6 (selecting the infrared transmitting tube D1 and D2, D3 and D4, D5 and D6 are connected to each other to form an array), and the transistor Q1 is composed.
  • the TXD signal terminal is set to a high level, and the TXD signal terminal is input to the PNP type transistor Q1 through the resistor R5, and the B-pole signal is at a high level to turn off, and the infrared transmitting tubes D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6 does not emit infrared signals.
  • the TXD signal terminal When the TXD signal terminal is set to a low level, the TXD signal terminal is input to a low level signal of the B pole of the switching transistor Q1 through the resistor R5, and Q1 is turned on, and the +3.3V power supply voltage from the power source 701 flows through the D1, D2, and R1. , D3, D4, R2, D5, D6, R3, infrared emission tubes D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6 emit infrared signals to the meter.
  • the infrared emission tubes D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6 are symmetrically arranged at the center, plus
  • the upper infrared emission tube has a certain cone emission angle, and no matter how the infrared communication head is placed, it is ensured that the infrared communication unit 201 of the meter side can receive an infrared signal with sufficient intensity to ensure the reliability of the transmitted signal.
  • the signal receiving portion includes a pull-up device (resistor R4) and an infrared receiving tube T1 connected thereto, and an infrared signal of the infrared communication portion 201 of the electric meter is received through the infrared receiving tube T1.
  • a pull-up device resistor R4
  • an infrared receiving tube T1 connected thereto, and an infrared signal of the infrared communication portion 201 of the electric meter is received through the infrared receiving tube T1.
  • FIG. 8 A preferred embodiment of a signal receiving portion 703 is shown in Fig. 8, which is mainly composed of a resistor R4 and an infrared receiving tube T1.
  • the infrared receiving tube T1 when the meter has no infrared emission signal to the communication unit 201, the infrared receiving tube T1 is turned off, and the C pole of T1 is pulled up to a high level by the resistor R4.
  • the infrared receiving tube T1 When receiving the infrared signal emitted by the infrared transmitting tube of the non-center-aligned electric meter, the infrared receiving tube T1 enters an amplifying state, the C pole of T1 is in a low level state with an indeterminate level, and the voltage of the C pole and the electric meter
  • the infrared intensity of the infrared emission tube on the side is related to the infrared divergence angle.
  • the infrared intensity of the infrared emission tube of the electric meter is larger, the infrared divergence angle is larger, the voltage of the C pole is closer to 0V.
  • the infrared communication unit 201 of the meter ends the infrared emission, the C pole of T1 is pulled up by the resistor R4 to rise to 3.3V.
  • the input of the slope comparator 704 is coupled to the infrared receiving tube T1 of the signal receiving portion 703, and includes: a controlled switching device (preferably diodes D7, D9 connected in parallel). It is connected to the signal receiving portion 703, and causes on-off control of the rear-stage circuit according to the signal of the infrared receiving tube T1; a pull-up device (resistor R8) that connects the controlled switching device (diode D7), The signal obtained by switching it on or off is boosted or attenuated to a first voltage of +3.3V; a voltage dividing device (voltage dividing resistor R6, R12) is connected to the controlled switching device (diode D9) to pass it The divided signal is divided to obtain a second voltage (less than +3.3V, the measured value is +3.0V); comparator U1B, which respectively sets the first sum of the pull-up device and the voltage dividing device The second voltage is applied as a positive terminal and a negative terminal to determine a digital signal
  • capacitor C2 in parallel with the voltage dividing device (resistor R12), which charges and discharges during the on and off of diodes D7 and D9, such that said A fixed difference of 0.3V is produced between the first voltage +3.3V and the second voltage +3.0V.
  • a preferred embodiment of a slope comparator 704 is shown in Figure 8, which is comprised of resistors R8, R6, R12, R7, diodes D7, D9, capacitor C2, and comparator U1B.
  • the infrared receiving tube T1 When the infrared receiving tube T1 does not receive the infrared signal, it outputs a high level, and the diodes D7 and D9 are cut off.
  • the positive terminal input of comparator U1B is pulled up to +3.3V by resistor R8, and the negative terminal input of comparator U1B is divided by resistors R6 and R12 to obtain a voltage close to +3.3V.
  • the positive terminal of comparator U1B The voltage is greater than the negative terminal voltage, the output of comparator U1B is pulled up to the high level by the pull-up resistor R7, and the output RXD signal is high.
  • T1 When the infrared receiving tube T1 receives the infrared signal, T1 begins to enter the amplification state, its C-pole voltage begins to fall, diodes D7, D9 begin to conduct, and the positive and negative terminals of comparator U1B are respectively turned on by D7. D9 is falling. However, due to the existence of the negative terminal capacitor C2, the positive terminal voltage of U1B drops faster than the negative terminal. Then within a short working time period, the positive terminal voltage is lower than the negative terminal voltage, and the comparator U1B outputs a low level, RXD. The signal terminal starts to jump from high to low.
  • the current of D9 flows through the on-off switch D7, and the voltage drop is different (and the voltage drop of D7 is less than the voltage drop of D9), resulting in the positive terminal voltage. Less than the negative terminal voltage, the comparator U1B is maintained at the low level output, and the RXD signal terminal continues to output the low level signal.
  • the infrared receiving tube T1 starts to change from the amplified state to the off state, the C-pole voltage of T1 starts to rise to +3.3V, and the positive-side voltage of the on-off switches D7 and D9 starts to rise because the resistor R6 needs Charging capacitor C2 causes the voltage at the negative terminal of comparator U1B to rise faster than the positive terminal voltage, and then within a short operating time period, the positive terminal voltage of comparator U1B is higher than the negative terminal voltage, comparator U1B The output is output high through the pull-up resistor R7, so that the RXD signal outputs a high level.
  • the TXD signal masking section 705 is coupled to the TXD signal terminal of the DSP 706 and controls the slope comparator 704, which includes: a switching device (diode D8) that accesses the TXD signal And further controlling the rear stage circuit according to the level thereof; the pull-up device (pull-up resistor R11) is connected to the controlled on-off device to boost or attenuate the signal obtained by the on-off to the first voltage +3.3V a voltage dividing device (voltage dividing resistor R9, R10) connected to the controlled switching device to divide the signal obtained by switching on and off to obtain a second voltage +2.4V; comparator U1A, which respectively The first and second voltages of the pull-up device and the voltage dividing device are connected as positive and negative terminals to determine a digital signal to control the digital signal output of the slope comparator.
  • TXD signal shield 705 is shown in Figure 8, which is comprised of resistors R11, R9, R10, capacitor Cl, diode D8, and comparator U1A. Since the analog signal distance, the emission intensity, and the like received by the infrared receiving tube T1 are different, the comparator of the conventional technology cannot be correctly processed as a digital signal, so this embodiment is designed with this slope comparator.
  • the switch D8 When the TXD output is low, the switch D8 is turned on, the positive terminal voltage of the comparator U1A is pulled down by D8 and is less than the voltage of the negative terminal, the comparator outputs a low level, and the negative terminal of the slope comparator U1B is pulled down to the low level.
  • the positive input of UIB is always greater than the negative input of UIB, UIB outputs high level, and RXD is high.
  • the switch D8 When the TXD signal transitions from low to high, the switch D8 is turned off again, but because the resistor R11 charges the capacitor C1, it takes a certain time to charge the negative terminal voltage higher than U1A. This charging time ensures that the TXD jumps.
  • the lag signal generated by the infrared receiving tube due to the junction capacitance effect is shorter than the off time of the infrared transmitting tube is shielded by the TXD signal, and the RXD signal terminal does not appear after the TXD signal end jumps to the high level.
  • a short low-level pulse When the communication head receives the infrared signal emitted by the meter, the TXD signal shielding circuit has released the control of the negative end of the slope comparator, and the slope comparator can normally process the infrared signal received by the infrared receiving circuit.
  • an electric meter which is connected between the grid power supply line and the grid user load, as shown in FIG. 2A, FIG. 2B and FIG. 2, which includes the near-infrared reading device according to the foregoing, and a table matching therewith.
  • a case 2 a processor and an infrared communication unit 201 are disposed in the case 2, the infrared communication unit 201 is electrically connected to the processor, wherein the case 2 is fixed with an iron column 1 and the near infrared reading A magnetic column 3 is fixed in the device, and the iron column 1 corresponds to the position of the magnetic column 3 and can be adsorbed together.
  • the method for the meter to perform near infrared data communication with an external device includes the steps of:
  • the external data device sends a reading signal to the infrared communication unit through the reading module: the TXD signal end is placed at a low level by the DSP, and a low level signal is input to the switching device of the signal transmitting portion through the resistor R5 to guide Passing, further causing a first voltage of the power source to be supplied to the infrared emission array to transmit an infrared signal to the infrared communication unit; 4) The processor of the electric meter receives the infrared signal through the infrared communication unit, and feeds back the data signal to the signal receiving unit;
  • the infrared receiving tube T1 is in an amplified state, and the C pole thereof is in a low level state with an indeterminate level, and at this time, the C pole
  • the voltage is proportional to the infrared emission intensity and the divergence angle of the infrared communication portion of the electric meter.
  • the C-pole voltage gradually approaches 0V;
  • the infrared communication unit ends transmitting the data signal, the C-pole voltage of the infrared receiving tube T1 is boosted to the first voltage by the pull-up device;
  • step 3 when the signal transmitting portion does not receive the signal from the TXD signal terminal, the DSP sets it to a high level, and inputs it to the signal transmitting portion through the resistor R5.
  • the switching device has a high level signal to turn off; in step 5), when the data signal of the infrared communication portion is not received, the C pole voltage of the infrared receiving tube T1 is strongly placed on the first voltage by the pulling device.
  • the infrared receiving tube T1 when the infrared receiving tube T1 receives the feedback data signal, it begins to enter the amplification state, and its C-pole voltage begins to drop, causing the controlled comparator device of the slope comparator to start conducting, respectively, resulting in comparison.
  • the first and second voltages obtained by the positive and negative terminals of U1B are decreased;
  • the positive terminal voltage falling speed of the comparator U1B is controlled to be higher than the negative terminal voltage by the capacitive device, so that the comparator U1B output is low level, and the RXD signal terminal starts to jump from a high level to a low level;
  • the comparator U1B When the C-pole voltage of the infrared receiving tube T1 is stabilized at a low level, the voltage at the positive terminal of the comparator U1B is lower than the voltage at the negative terminal due to the different voltage drop across the controlled switching device, so that the comparator U1B is maintained at a low level. Output, the RXD signal terminal continues to output as a low level signal;
  • the infrared receiving tube T1 stops receiving the feedback data signal, it starts to change from the amplified state to the turned-off state.
  • the C-pole voltage begins to rise to a first voltage, such that the positive-side voltage of the controlled switching device begins to rise;
  • the capacitive device is charged by the voltage dividing resistor, which causes the voltage of the negative terminal of the comparator U1B to rise faster than the positive terminal voltage.
  • the output of the comparator U1B outputs a high level through the pull-up resistor, and the RXD signal terminal outputs a high level.
  • the switching device of the TXD signal shielding portion is turned off, so that the positive terminal input voltage of the comparator U1A is boosted to the first voltage by the pull-up resistor.
  • the negative terminal voltage of the comparator U1A is a second voltage obtained by dividing the first voltage by a voltage dividing resistor. At this time, the positive terminal voltage of the comparator U1A is higher than the negative terminal voltage, so that the comparator U1A does not have a slope.
  • the negative end of the comparator is controlled;
  • the switching device of the TXD signal shielding portion is turned on, so that the positive terminal voltage of the comparator U1A is set lower than the negative terminal voltage by the pull-up device to output a low level;
  • the comparator U1B negative terminal voltage is pulled to a low level, so that the positive terminal input voltage is always greater than the negative terminal input voltage and outputs a high level, and the RXD signal terminal outputs a high level.
  • a preferred embodiment of the near-infrared reading device is for communication coupling with the infrared communication portion of the meter of the present invention, including a near-infrared reading device body 4, wherein the near-infrared reading device body One end of the body is provided with a data interface 5, wherein the end of the near-infrared reading device body is provided with a readhead housing 6, a readout module 7 is provided in the readhead housing 6, and the reading module 7 is connected to the data interface. 5.
  • a power supply is further provided that provides a +12 VDC operating voltage to the reading module 7 and further connects the data interface 5 to obtain an external 220 VAC power source via the data interface 5.
  • the reading module 7 includes a plurality of infrared emission tubes 701 arranged in a circular shape, wherein a cone emission angle of each of the infrared emission tubes 7011 is set to a range of 30 to 75°. Inside.
  • a near infrared communication meter includes the aforementioned near infrared reading device, and a matching case 2, in which the processor and the processor are disposed The infrared communication unit is electrically connected to the processor, wherein the watch case is fixed with an iron column 1 , and the near-infrared reading device is fixed with a magnetic column 3, the iron column 1 and the magnetic column The positions of 3 correspond and can be absorbed together.
  • the power supply circuit includes a step-down unit, a multi-way rectification voltage regulator circuit, a relay PWM control circuit, and a flyback isolated power supply circuit.
  • the power supply includes a voltage reducing portion, and the voltage reducing portion is further composed of a cascade of n-level RC buffers, wherein each of the RC buffers includes an impedance of an L line connected to the power line of the power grid. a capacitive device connected in series, and a bidirectional TVS tube connecting the capacitive element, wherein the L-line grid alternating current is limited by the impedance and the capacitive device, and then clamped back through the bidirectional TVS tube and then flows back N line.
  • Resistor-capacitor step-down section It consists of power winding resistor R1, high-voltage safety capacitor C1, and bidirectional TVS tube D1, D2, D3.
  • the AC voltage flows from the live line through R1, C1 current limit, and the D1, D2, and D3 clamps flow back to the neutral line. Because of the bidirectional clamping characteristics of D1, D2, and D3, the AC voltages at the peak-to-peak TVS clamp voltage are obtained at D1, D2, and D3, respectively.
  • the AC voltage of each channel is used by each of the back-end devices through the rectifier voltage regulator circuits of each channel. When more power supply output is required, the bidirectional TVS tube Dn is continuously connected in the RC tank.
  • Multi-channel rectifier voltage regulator circuit It consists of bridge stack B1, B2, rectifier diode D7, electrolytic capacitor E1, E2, E4, E5, voltage regulator chip U1, chip capacitor C5, C6.
  • the AC voltage on D2 is rectified by B1 full-wave rectification, and the VCC2 voltage is obtained by ⁇ filtering for the relay PWM control circuit.
  • the AC voltage on D1 is rectified by ⁇ 2 full-wave rectification, and ⁇ 2 is filtered to obtain VCC3 voltage for use in flyback isolated power supply.
  • the AC voltage on D3 is rectified by D7 half-wave rectification. After ⁇ 4 filtering, VCC1 voltage is obtained.
  • VCC1 is regulated by U1, and E5, C5, and C6 are filtered to obtain 3.3V voltage for use by the back-end MCU.
  • the AC voltage on Dn is rectified by Bn, and En filtered to obtain VCCn voltage for use by the back end.
  • Relay PWM control circuit It consists of relay Kl, optocoupler ,1, transistor Ql, freewheeling diode D4, resistors R11, R12. When the relay is disconnected, the PWM1 signal is always high, there is no current at the OP1 input, the OP1 output is cut off, Q1 is off, the K1 coil has no voltage, and K1 is off.
  • the PWM signal When the relay is connected, the PWM signal is output at PWM1, and the PWM signal is turned on/off according to the input of OP1.
  • the output of OP1 is turned on/off according to the PWM signal.
  • the voltage of VCC2 flows through the output of R11 and OP1 to the B level of Q1, Q1. Turn on/off according to the PWM signal.
  • Q1 When Q1 is turned on, the coil current of VCC2 flowing through K1 is Ik, and diode D4 is turned off.
  • Q1 When Q1 is turned off, the current Ik inside K1 flows back to VCC2 through the freewheeling diode D4.
  • the average current of VCC2 is 12, the period of the PWM signal is T, and the on-time is Ton.
  • the relay equivalent BUCK topology used in this scheme can drive various voltage specification relays under one voltage by changing the duty cycle of the PWM waveform.
  • Flyback isolated power supply circuit by resistors R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, diode D6, D5, high frequency transformer Tl, optocoupler ⁇ 2, switching power supply chip U2, voltage reference U3, Chip capacitors C2, C3, C4, electrolytic capacitor E3.
  • VCC3 supplies power to U2 through the VIN pin of U2.
  • the VCC3 voltage enters the chip U2 enable pin SHDN through R4, and U2 starts to work.
  • the OP2 output is cut off, and the feedback pin FB of U2 is pulled low by R5.
  • the chip thinks that the output voltage has not reached the set value, and the SW pin of U2 starts to be turned on and off repeatedly.
  • the VCC3 voltage flows.
  • the 1, 2 winding of T1 charges the transformer.
  • the pin 3 of the transformer T1 is negative at this time.
  • Level, D5 is not conducting.
  • the SW pin is turned off, the current of the 1, 2 winding of T1 continues to flow back to VCC3 along D6, R3, C2, and the same name is positive, the corresponding 3 pin is also positive at the same name, D5 is turned on, and C3, E3 Charging, 485V voltage rises.
  • the 485V voltage is supplied to the voltage reference U3 through R6 and R7, and the U3 is judged by the 485V voltage divided by R9 and R10.
  • R8 and C4 are used for phase adjustment to improve the response characteristics of U3.

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种近红外读数装置，它用于与一个电表的红外通讯部之间的通讯耦合，包括一个近红外读数装置本体，所述近红外读数装置本体的一端设置有数据接口。本发明还公开了一种电表，它接设于电网供电线与电网用户负载之间，其包括前述近红外读数装置以及与之相配合的表壳，在所述表壳内设置有处理器和红外通讯部，所述红外通讯部电连接至处理器，其中所述表壳内固定有铁柱，所述近红外读数装置内固定有磁柱，所述铁柱与所述磁柱的位置相对应并可吸附在一起。本发明采用中心对称设计，不需要对准电表端近红外通讯的红外发射管和接收管，可以实现任意角度通讯，本电路可以兼容IEC标准和ANSI标准的近红外通讯读数的要求，无需对准即可通讯。

Description

近红外读数装置及电表 本发明主张于 2012年 12月 28日申请的 CN201210590532. 6的名称为近红外 读数装置及表壳， 2013年 10月 10日申请的 CN201320624204. 3的名称为防窃电 电表， CN201320623324. 1 的名称为近红外读数装置及电表， CN201320623309. 7 的名称为近红外读数装置及电表的优先权， 其等说明书的部分内容是以引用的 方式并入本文中。
技术领域
本发明涉及电网电功率测量技术， 更特定言之， 本发明涉及一种近红外通讯 的装置。 以及在此基础上设计的智能电子式电表。
背景技术
电表是一种能够对电力系统用户的用电量进行计量和传输的电测量装置， 它主要是通过对电力系统电力线的电流和电压进行模拟量采样， 获得电流和电 压模拟量信号， 再对这些模拟量信号进行处理得出数据信息。 随着电力系统输 电配电等设备和条件的持续改进， 对电力系统用户的电测量设备也进行了不断 的改良， 并且逐步出现了智能电表和复费率电表等智能电测量设备， 以满足电 力系统的多种需求。 当前， 对于单相电表而言， 在设备的性能上已经不断地改 进和优化， 但随之产生了问题， 例如电表本身成本不断增高， 而且设计较为复 杂繁琐， 某些功能并未被行之有效地运用， 同时， 多数电表不具备防窃电功能， 仅通过在电表表箱进行加固等结构变化来避免窃电发生， 但这种方法并不有效。 也有制造商研发出防窃电电表， 但是仅仅是通过表计外壳铅封来实现防窃电， 因此作用并不明显。 CN202159083U公开了一种防窃电电表， 并公开了电池供电 电路这个技术特征， 它与单片机和计量芯片相连接。 此技术方案仅体现了其通 过检测火线是否有电流来测定是否发生断电， 但无法真正解决断电原因和正常 计量的问题。 同时， 其技术原理存在一种不确定性， 即没有完全考虑到窃电的 不同情况， 即窃电并非仅破坏零线， 例如出现反接或者短接等情况时， 这个电 路将失去其所描述的作用。
另外， 在现有技术中， 对电表的数据编程是通过近红外读数装置来实现的， 通常用铁质材料制作的红外吸盘固定在电表表壳内侧或外侧近红外发光管的上 方， 近红外读数装置装配有磁环， 当需要读取数据时， 将读数装置的磁环吸附 在电能表壳的红外吸盘上。 其缺陷在于成本高， 表壳上的红外吸盘及读数装置 中的磁环均会增加产品的成本； 读数装置体积大， 分量重， 磁环需具有较强的 磁性， 增加了读数装置的重量及体积。
传统的近红外读数装置， 其结构形式如图 1 ： 用铁质材料制作的红外吸盘 2 采用不同的方式固定在电能表表壳 1 内侧或外侧近红外发光管的上方， 近红外 读数装置 4装配有磁环 3， 当需要读取数据时， 将读数装置的磁环吸附在电能表 壳的红外吸盘上。 缺点： 1. 成本高， 表壳上的红外吸盘及读数装置中的磁环均 会增加产品的成本； 2. 读数装置体积大， 分量重， 磁环需具有较强的磁性， 增 加了读数装置的重量及体积。
传统的近红外通讯头必须满足通讯头的红外发射管对准设备的红外接收管， 通讯头的红外接收管对准设备的红外发射管才能通讯。 同时 IEC标准和 ANSI 标准对电表上的红外发射管和红外接收管的位置定义刚好是相反的， 导致红外 通讯头设计时必须区分两种不同标准的设备。
传统电表的电源方案只能输出一路电源， 电源的输出能力有限， 最大输出功 率为限流电流乘以钳位电压。 并且大负载或负载短路会导致电源电压下降， 从 而造成微处理器 （MCU) 无法工作的问题。 传统电表的小功率工频变压器和 AC-DC开关电源只能适用于 220VAC的场合，误接入 380VAC电网会烧毁电源。 当电网因为接线错误或断零线输出 380VAC会导致所有接入电网的不抗 380VAC 的设备烧毁。 传统电表的阻容降压方案不带隔离功能， 无法应用于 RS485等供 电， 并且存在触电危险。 传统的继电器控制电路需要根据系统电压来选择 3.3V,5V,12V等规格的继电器， 并且继电器消耗的电流 /电源增加的电流 =1:1。
发明内容
本发明第一实施例所要解决的技术问题是提供一种体积小、 重量轻、 成本低 的近红外读数装置。 为解决上述技术问题， 本发明采用如下技术方案： 近红外 读数装置， 包括近红外读数装置本体， 所述近红外读数装置本体的一端固定有 磁柱， 另一端设有数据接口。
作为优选， 所述近红外读数装置本体的端部设有读数头壳体， 所述读数头壳体 内设有读数模块。 作为优选， 所述读数头壳体的两侧各设有一个凸耳， 每个凸 耳设有一个凹槽， 该凹槽内固定有一个磁柱。 作为优选， 所述读数头壳体的顶 部中央设有一个凸台。 作为优选， 所述数据接口为航空插头或者 USB 接口。
与所述近红外读数装置相配合的表壳， 所述表壳内固定有铁柱， 所述铁柱与 所述磁柱的位置相对应并可吸附在一起。 作为优选， 所述表壳内侧中央设有一 个定位槽。 作为优选， 所述表壳内侧设有一个限位槽， 所述定位槽位于所述限 位槽的底面之内。 作为优选， 所述铁柱位于所述定位槽的两旁， 所述铁柱的外 端面与所述限位槽的底面平齐。
本发明由于采用了上述技术方案， 1. 表壳上的红外吸盘用铁柱取代， 近红外读 数装置上的磁环用磁柱取代， 可大大降低成本； 2. 读数头体积减小， 重量减轻。
本发明第二实施例旨在克服上述技术缺陷， 提出一种单相单线防窃电电表。 技术方案是： 防窃电电表， 它接设于电网供电线与电网用户负载之间， 其改进 设计在于： 包括表壳和与之相配合的近红外读数装置， 其中在所述表壳内设置 有接线端、 处理器和红外通讯部， 所述红外通讯部电连接至处理器， 电网供电 线的 L线和 N线通过所述接线端接入所述电表， 且进一步包括阻容降压部、 模 拟输入部、 电源检测部和强磁检测部， 所述接线端分接至模拟输入部和降压部， 所述模拟输入部电连接至处理器， 所述降压部分别通过电源检测部和强磁检测 部电连接至处理器， 其中所述红外通讯部与近红外读数装置相互配合连接， 通 过红外通讯方式加以相互通讯耦合。
在一个实施例中， 所述表壳内固定有铁柱， 所述近红外读数装置内固定有磁 柱， 所述铁柱与所述磁柱的位置相对应并可吸附在一起。
在一个实施例中， 所述接线端包括 L进线端、 N进线端、 L出线端和 N出线端， 其中所述 L进线端和 N进线端接设电网供电线，所述 L出线端和 N出线端接设电网 用户负载， 所述 L进线端分接至 N进线端、 L出线端， 并进一步连接至 N出线端； 或者所述接线端包括 L进线端、 N进线端、 L出线端和 N出线端， 并进一步包括一 个接地端， 其中所述 L进线端和 N进线端接设电网供电线， 所述 L出线端和 N出线 端接设电网用户负载， 所述 L进线端分接至 N进线端、 L出线端， 并进一步连接 至 N出线端， 所述接地端连接于 N进线端。
在一个实施例中， 所述模拟输入部包括 L线锰铜电流采样部、 N线 CT电流采 样部和电压采样部， 所述 L线锰铜电流采样部的输入端接设于 L进线端与 N出线 端之间， 所述 N线CT电流采样部和电压采样部的输入端接设于 L进线端与 N进线 端之间， 所述 L线锰铜电流采样部、 N线 CT电流采样部和电压采样部的输出端分 别连接至处理器。
在另一个实施例中， 所述模拟输入部包括 L线锰铜电流采样部、 N线 CT电流 采样部和电压采样部， 所述 L线锰铜电流采样部的输入端接设于 L进线端与 N出 线端之间， 所述 N线CT电流采样部和电压采样部的输入端接设于 L进线端与 N进 线端之间， 所述 L线锰铜电流采样部、 N线 CT电流采样部和电压采样部的输出端 分别连接至处理器。
在一个实施例中， 所述降压部包括阻容降压部、 取电 CT部和稳压部， 所述阻 容降压部的输入端连接于 L进线端，所述稳压部输入端分别电连接于阻容降压部 和取电 CT部， 所述稳压部输出端电连接于电源检测部。
在另一个实施例中， 所述降压部包括阻容降压部和稳压部， 所述阻容降压部 的输入端连接于 L进线端， 所述稳压部输入端分别电连接于阻容降压部， 所述稳 压部输出端电连接于电源检测部。
在另一个实施例中， 在所述的单相单线防窃电电表中， 所述降压部包括阻容 降压电路、取电 CT电路和稳压电路，所述阻容降压电路的输入端连接于 L进线端， 所述稳压电路输入端分别电连接于阻容降压电路和取电 CT电路， 所述稳压电路 输出端电连接于电源检测电路。
在所述的单相单线防窃电电表中， 所述接线端包括 L进线端、 N进线端、 L出 线端和 N出线端， 并进一步包括一个接地端， 其中所述 L进线端和 N进线端接设 电网供电线， 所述 L出线端和 N出线端接设电网用户负载， 所述 L进线端分接至 N 进线端、 L出线端， 并进一步连接至 N出线端。
在所述的单相单线防窃电电表中， 所述模拟输入电路包括 L线锰铜电流采样 电路、 N线 CT电流采样电路和电压采样电路， 所述 L线锰铜电流采样电路的输入 端接设于 L进线端与 N出线端之间， 所述 N线CT电流采样电路和电压采样电路的 输入端接设于 L进线端与 N进线端之间， 所述 L线锰铜电流采样电路、 N线 CT电 流采样电路和电压采样电路的输出端分别连接至处理器。 在所述的单相单线防窃电电表中， 所述接地端连接于 N进线端。 在所述的单相单线防窃电电表中， 所述降压部包括阻容降压电路和稳压电 路， 所述阻容降压电路的输入端连接于 L进线端， 所述稳压电路输入端分别电 连接于阻容降压电路， 所述稳压电路输出端电连接于电源检测电路。
在所述的单相单线防窃电电表中， 所述红外通讯电路进一步包括一个红外 通讯端口， 它与一个外部红外读数接口相互连接。
在所述的单相单线防窃电电表中， 所述红外通讯端口与外部红外读数接口 之间卡合连接， 通过红外通讯方式进行数据传输。
在所述的单相单线防窃电电表中， 所述输入电路包括显示电路和编程电路， 在所述的单相单线防窃电电表中， 所述显示电路设有显示控键， 并电连接 至单片机。
在所述的单相单线防窃电电表中， 所述编程电路设有编程控键， 并电连接 至单片机。
进一步地， 一种如前所述的单相单线防窃电电表的电源检测方法， 其特征 在于包括如下步骤： 电表上电； 单片机对电源方式进行判定， 若判定为电网电 力线供电， 则进行上电初始化， 若判定为电池上电， 则进行停电初始化； 在上 电初始化完成后， 进行上电主循环； 在停电初始化完成后， 进行停电主循环； 在上电主循环完成后， 进行下电检测， 若检测出仍有电， 则重新进行上电主循 环， 若检测出下电， 则进行停电初始化； 在停电住循环之后， 进行上电检测， 若检测出仍停电， 则重新进行停电主循环， 若检测出上电， 则进行上电主循环。
在如前所述的单相单线防窃电电表的电源检测方法中， 所述上电主循环包 括在一个预设时间周期内依次进行： 计量处理； 显示处理； 事件处理； 通讯处 理。
在如前所述的单相单线防窃电电表的电源检测方法中， 所述停电主循环包 括在一个预设时间周期内依次进行： 停电检测处理； 窃电事件处理； 中断处理。 本发明主要涉及一种应用于近红外通讯的 360° 全方向通讯装置， 主要包括： 近 红外发射部， 红外信号接收部， 斜率比较器， TXD信号屏蔽部。 本电路采用中 心对称设计， 不需要对准电表端近红外通讯的红外发射管和接收管， 可以实现 任意角度通讯， 本电路可以兼容 IEC标准和 ANSI标准的近红外通讯读数的要求， 无需对准即可通讯。
技术方案 1 : 近红外读数装置， 它用于与一个电表的红外通讯部之间的通讯 耦合， 包括一个近红外读数装置本体， 其改进设计在于： 所述近红外读数装置 本体的一端设置有数据接口。
所述近红外读数装置本体的端部设有读数头壳体， 所述读数头壳体内设有 读数模块， 所述读数模块连接数据接口。
在一个较佳实施例中，所述读数模块包括了 DSP,信号发射部，信号接收部， 斜率比较器以及 TXD信号屏蔽部，其中所述 DSP分别通过所述的信号发射部和信 号接收部向电表的红外通讯部发送和接收红外信号， 且在所述信号发射部与信 号接收部之间连接了斜率比较器以及与之耦合的 TXD信号屏蔽部。
在一个较佳实施例中， 近红外读数装置进一步包括电源， 它为所述 DSP, 信 号发射部和信号接收部提供工作电压， 且进一步连接所述数据接口， 通过所述 数据接口获取外部电力源。
所述数据接口为航空插头或者 USB接口。
在一个较佳实施例中， 所述信号发射部包括红外发射阵列以及与之耦合的 开关器件， 通过所述开关器件 Q1受控于 DSP的 TXD信号端且进一步控制所述红 外发射阵列， 其中所述红外发射阵列包括若干个并行且对称设置的红外发射管。
在一个较佳实施例中， 所述的开关器件为三极管 Ql。
在一个较佳实施例中， 所述信号接收部包括上拉器件和与之连接的红外接 收管 T1 , 通过所述红外接收管 T1接收电表的红外通讯部的红外信号。
在一个较佳实施例中， 所述电位上拉器件为上拉电阻 R4。
在一个较佳实施例中， 所述斜率比较器的输入端接入信号接收部， 且包括: 受控通断器件， 它连接至所述信号接收部， 根据此信号接收部的红外接收管 T1 的信号而对后级电路造成通断控制；
上拉器件， 它连接所述受控通断器件， 以将其通断得出的信号提升或衰减至第 一电压；
分压器件， 它连接所述受控通断器件， 以将其通断得出的信号分压而获得第二 电压；
比较器 U1B，它分别将所述上拉器件和分压器件的第一和第二电压作为正端和负 端加以接入， 以判断出一个数字信号给 DSP的 RXD信号端。
在一个较佳实施例中， 所述受控通断器件为相互并联的二极管 D7， D9; 所 述上拉器件为上拉电阻 R8; 所述分压器件为分压电阻 R6， R12。
在一个较佳实施例中， 进一步包括与所述分压器件并联的容性器件， 它在 所述受控通断器件的通断过程中进行充电和放电， 以使得所述第一电压与第二 电压之间产生一个固定差值。
在一个较佳实施例中， 所述容性器件为电容器 C2。
在一个较佳实施例中， 所述 TXD信号屏蔽部接入 DSP的 TXD信号端， 且控 制所述斜率比较器， 它包括：
开关器件， 它接入所述 TXD信号端且根据其电平进一步控制后级电路； 上拉器件， 它连接所述受控通断器件， 以将其通断得出的信号提升或衰减至第 一电压；
分压器件， 它连接所述受控通断器件， 以将其通断得出的信号分压而获得第二 电压；
比较器 U1A, 它分别将所述上拉器件和分压器件的第一和第二电压作为正端和 负端加以接入， 以判断出一个数字信号控制斜率比较器的数字信号输出。
在一个较佳实施例中， 所述开关器件为二极管 D8, 所述上拉器件为上拉电 阻 R11 , 所述分压器件为分压电阻 R9， R10。
技术方案 2: 电表， 它接设于电网供电线与电网用户负载之间， 其改进设计 在于： 包括根据前述的近红外读数装置， 以及与之相配合的表壳， 在所述表壳 内设置有处理器和红外通讯部， 所述红外通讯部电连接至处理器， 其中所述表 壳内固定有铁柱， 所述近红外读数装置内固定有磁柱， 所述铁柱与所述磁柱的 位置相对应并可吸附在一起。
在一个较佳实施例中， 电表实现与外部设备进行近红外数据通讯的方法包 括了步骤：
1 )通过所述近红外读数装置的数据接口连接一个外部数据设备并获取工作电力 支持；
2)将所述近红外读数装置一端的凸台对准插入所述表壳对应的定位槽中， 使所 述表壳内的红外通讯部与读数模块正对地相互通讯耦合；
3 ) 所述外部数据设备通过读数模块向红外通讯部发送读数信号： 通过 DSP将其 TXD信号端置于低电平， 通过电阻 R5输入给信号发射部的开关器件一个低电平 信号使之导通， 进而使得所述电源的一个第一电压提供给红外发射阵列， 使之 向红外通讯部发送红外信号；
4)所述电表的处理器通过红外通讯部接收此红外信号， 并反馈数据信号给信号 接收部；
5 )通过所述信号接收部的红外接收管 T1接收此反馈的数据信号， 所述红外接收 管 T1处于放大状态， 其 C极处于一个电平不确定的低电平状态， 此时其 C极电压 是与所述电表的红外通讯部的红外发射强度和发散角度成比例关系， 当所述红 外通讯部的红外发射强度与发散角度增大时， C极电压逐渐趋近于 0V; 当所述红 外通讯部结束发射数据信号时，所述红外接收管 T1的 C极电压被上拉器件提升至 所述第一电压；
6) 通过数据接口传送数据信息给外部数据设备。
在一个较佳实施例中， 在步骤 3 ) 中， 在所述信号发射部未接收到来自 TXD 信号端的信号时， 所述 DSP将其设置为高电平， 通过电阻 R5输入给信号发射部 的开关器件一个高电平信号使之截止； 在步骤 5 ) 中， 在未接收到红外通讯部的 数据信号时， 所述红外接收管 T1的 C极电压被上拉器件强置于第一电压。
在一个较佳实施例中， 当红外接收管 T1接收到反馈的数据信号时， 开始进 入放大状态， 其 C极电压开始下降， 使得斜率比较器的受控通断器件开始导通， 分别导致比较器 U1B的正端和负端所获得的第一和第二电压下降；
通过容性器件将所述比较器 U1B的正端电压下降速度控制为高于负端电压，使得 比较器 U1B输出为低电平， RXD信号端开始由高电平跳变为低电平；
当红外接收管 T1的 C极电压稳定在一个低电平时， 因受控通断器件上的压降不 同， 导致比较器 UIB的正端电压小于负端电压， 使得比较器 U1B维持在低电平输 出， RXD信号端继续输出为低电平信号；
当红外接收管 T1停止收到反馈的数据信号时， 开始由放大状态变为截止状态， 其 C极电压开始上升到第一电压， 使得所述受控通断器件的正极侧电压开始上 升；
通过分压电阻对容性器件进行充电，导致比较器 U1B的负端电压提升速度低于正 端电压， 比较器 U1B的输出通过上拉电阻输出高电平， RXD信号端输出高电平。
在一个较佳实施例中， 当 DSP的 TXD信号端设为高电平时， 所述 TXD信号 屏蔽部的开关器件截止， 使得比较器 U1A的正端输入电压被上拉电阻提升至第 一电压， 其中所述比较器 U1A的负端电压是通过分压电阻对所述第一电压分压 得到的第二电压， 此时比较器 U1A的正端电压高于负端电压， 使得比较器 U1A 不对斜率比较器的负端进行控制；
当 DSP的 TXD信号端设为低电平时， 所述 TXD信号屏蔽部的开关器件导通， 使 得比较器 U1A的正端电压被上拉器件设为低于负端电压而输出低电平； 斜率比较器的比较器 U1B负端电压被拉至低电平， 使其正端输入电压恒大于负 端输入电压而输出高电平， RXD信号端输出高电平。
本发明的有益效果显而易见， 本方案采用中心对称设计。 通过斜率比较器 来克服红外接收管与设备的红外发射管之间的角度差带来的红外接收信号上升 沿 /下降沿缓慢的问题， 实现了红外发射管和红外接收管非中心对准时的通讯功 能。
本发明一个较佳实施例主要涉及一种电表， 用于近红外通讯， 本发明另一 个实施例是可以输出多路电源的， 从高压交流电源取电以供给低压小功率直流 设备使用的电源技术。可以用于从 220VAC或 380VAC供电输出 12V， 5V, 24V 等电压的非隔离和隔离电源设计。 本发明实施例之一可用于设备防止误接 380VAC保护设计，可以拓宽常规阻容降压电源的使用范围和代替部分小功率工 频变压器和 AC-DC开关电源的应用。 可应用于电能表， 家用电器， 继电器控制 等设备， 在一个实施例中， 涉及使用此项技术以降低电表功耗， 满足近红外功 率的补偿。
技术方案 1 : 近红外读数装置， 它用于与一个电表的红外通讯部之间的通讯 耦合， 包括一个近红外读数装置本体， 其改进设计在于： 所述近红外读数装置 本体的一端设置有数据接口， 其中所述近红外读数装置本体的端部设有读数头 壳体， 所述读数头壳体内设有读数模块， 所述读数模块连接数据接口。
在一个实施例中， 进一步包括电源， 它为所述读数模块提供工作电压， 且 进一步连接所述数据接口， 通过所述数据接口获取外部电力源。
在一个实施例中， 所述读数模块包括呈圆环形排布的多个红外发射管， 其中所 述红外发射管的圆锥发射角度设定为 30至 75° 的范围内。
技术方案 2: 电表， 它接设于电网供电线与电网用户负载之间， 其改进设计 在于： 包括根据技术方案 1所述的近红外读数装置， 以及与之相配合的表壳， 在 所述表壳内设置有处理器和红外通讯部， 所述红外通讯部电连接至处理器， 其 中所述表壳内固定有铁柱， 所述近红外读数装置内固定有磁柱， 所述铁柱与所 述磁柱的位置相对应并可吸附在一起。
在一个实施例中， 所述电源包括降压部， 所述降压部又由 n级阻容降压部级 联组成， 其中每一阻容降压部包括接入电网电力线 L线的阻抗和与之串接的容性 器件， 以及连接所述容性元件的双向 TVS管， L线电网交流电经过所述阻抗和容 性器件加以限流， 再经过所述双向 TVS管加以钳位后流回 N线。 在一个实施例中，进一步为所述双向 TVS管后端耦合配置有桥堆和与之连接 的充放电器件。
本发明优势显而易见： 传统电表的电源方案只能输出一路电源， 电源的输 出能力有限， 最大输出功率为限流电流乘以钳位电压。 并且大负载或负载短路 会导致电源电压下降， 从而造成微处理器 （MCU) 无法工作的问题。
本发明分段输出型阻容降压电源可以在阻容降压回路中串入多个整流稳压 电路得到 n路直流电源， 各路的直流电源最大输出能力为限流电流乘以各路的 钳位电压。 整体电源输出功率近似为传统阻容降压电源的 n倍。 可以挂多个负 载， 互不影响， 大负载不会对单片机部分造成影响， 提高了系统的可靠性。
传统的小功率工频变压器和 AC-DC开关电源只能适用于 220VAC的场合， 误接入 380VAC 电网会烧毁电源。 当电网因为接线错误或断零线输出 380VAC 会导致所有接入电网的不抗 380VAC 的设备烧毁。 而本方案采用高交流耐压的 安规电容， 误接入 380VAC 电网可以正常使用。 经过后端单片机判断， 可以断 开继电器输出来保护后端发热盘、 电机等不耐 380VAC的设备。
传统的阻容降压方案不带隔离功能， 无法应用于 RS485等供电， 并且存在 触电危险。 本方案使用反激式隔离电源输出， 可以对需要隔离的 RS485,RS232,MBUS 等电路或人体会接触到的按键电路等进行供电， 防止人体 不小心触电。
传统的继电器控制电路需要根据系统电压来选择 3.3V,5V,12V等规格的继电 器， 并且继电器消耗的电流 /电源增加的电流 =1:1。 本方案采用的继电器等效 BUCK拓扑结构，通过改变 PWM波形的占空比可以在一个电压下驱动各种电压 规格的继电器， 继电器的通用性大大增加， 并且继电器消耗的电流 /电源增加的 电流 =1 : PWM占空比， 电源增加的电流小于继电器消耗的电流， 降低了继电器 吸合时的功耗。
具体的实施方案将在以下参照附图来详细描述， 附图中的相同或相似元件 或功能单元是以相似或相同符号予以标记。
附图说明
图 1为传统的近红外读数装置的结构示意图；
图 2A为本发明近红外读数装置的实施例结构示意图；
图 3为近红外读数装置本体的结构示意图；
图 2B为图 3中 A-A 的剖视图；
图 4为表壳的结构示意图；
图 5是本发明单相单线防窃电电表的原理结构示意图；
图 6是本发明单相单线防窃电电表的处理器部分的电路原理图；
图 7是本发明接线端的一种较佳实施例的接线图。
图 8为本发明近红外读数装置的读数模块的主要电路原理图。
图 9为为读数模块中的红外发射管的径向排布示意图；
图 10为本发明电表的电源部分主要电路图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步描述。
图 2所示为本发明近红外读数装置实施例， 所述近红外读数装置包括近红外读 数装置本体 4， 所述近红外读数装置本体 4 的一端固定有磁柱 3， 另一端设有数 据接口 5， 图中表壳 2 内固定有铁柱 1， 所述铁柱 1 与所述磁柱 3 的位置相对应 并可吸附在一起， 即近红外读数装置通过磁柱 3 与表壳内的铁柱吸附。
如图 3 和图 2B 所示， 所述近红外读数装置本体 4 的端部设有读数头壳体 6， 所 述读数头壳体 6 内设有读数模块 7。 所述读数头壳体 6 的两侧各设有一个凸耳 61， 每个凸耳 61设有一个凹槽， 该凹槽内固定有一个磁柱 3， 如图 4所示， 所述 表壳 2 内对应所述磁柱设有两个铁柱 1。 所述读数头壳体 6 的顶部中央设有一个 凸台 62， 所述表壳 2 内侧对应该凸台 62设有一个定位槽 22。 所述表壳内侧设有 一个限位槽 21， 所述定位槽 22 位于所述限位槽 21的底面之内。 所述铁柱 1 位于 所述定位槽 22 的两旁， 所述铁柱 1 的外端面与所述限位槽 21的底面平齐。
本发明近红外读数装置， 电能表表壳上的铁质红外吸盘改成铁柱， 铁柱可采用 镶嵌、 热融、 压配等工艺方式固定在电能表表壳上， 磁柱采用压配方式固定在 读数头壳体的凸耳内， 当需要读取数据时， 磁柱对准铁柱即可吸附在一起。 近 红外读数装置本体另一端的数据接口可采用航空插头、 USB 接口或其它数据接 □。
表壳近红外处设计兼容传统的近红外读数装置及改进后的近红外读数装置， 表 壳放置近红外读数装置的位置， 限位槽适用于传统的近红外读数装置， 定位槽 适用于改进后的近红外读数装置。 表壳上近红外发光管的上方原放置近红外吸 盘的位置， 改为铁柱， 铁柱可采用镶嵌热融、 压配等方式固定在电能表表壳上， 铁柱的外端面应与塑胶表面齐平， 以增强吸力。
磁柱取代传统近红外读数装置的磁环， 磁柱采用压配的工艺方式固定在读数头 壳体上， 磁柱的体积远远小于磁环， 成本大大降低。 读数头盖可用螺钉固定， 也可采用超声波焊接、 卡扣、 胶粘等其它方式固定。 将磁柱与铁柱对齐， 读数 头壳体头部凸出部位插入定位槽中， 即可将近红外读数头装置轻松吸附在表壳 上， 读取数据。 改进后的近红外读数装置同样适用于其它带近红外铁质吸盘的 电表。 数据接口可采用航空插头、 USB 接口或其它数据接口。
参照图 2A、图 2B和图 5， 防窃电电表的实施例包括表壳 2和与之相配合的 近红外读数装置 4， 其中在所述表壳内设置有接线端、 处理器和红外通讯部， 所 述红外通讯部电连接至处理器， 电网供电线的 L线和 N线通过所述接线端接入 所述电表， 且进一步包括降压部、 模拟输入部、 电源检测部和强磁检测部， 所 述接线端分接至模拟输入部和降压部， 所述模拟输入部电连接至处理器， 所述 降压部分别通过电源检测部和强磁检测部电连接至处理器， 其中所述红外通讯 部与近红外读数装置 4相互配合连接， 通过红外通讯方式加以相互通讯耦合。
在一个实施例中， 单相单线防窃电电表接设于电网供电线与电网用户负载 之间， 并包括接线端 10、 显示器 20、 处理器 30、 存储器 40、 输入电路 50和红 外通讯电路 60。 显示器 20、 存储器 40、 输入电路 50和红外通讯电路 60分别电 连接至处理器 30， 电网供电线的 L线和 N线通过所述接线端 10接入电表 1。本 发明单相带线防窃电电表的优选实施例进一步包括降压部 70、模拟输入电路 80、 电源检测电路 90和强磁检测电路 100。 接线端 10分接至模拟输入电路 80和降 压部 70， 模拟输入电路 80电连接至处理器 30， 所述降压部 70分别通过电源检 测电路 90和强磁检测电路 100电连接至处理器 30。
在一个实施例中， 参照图 2A和图 2B, 所述表壳内固定有铁柱 1， 所述近红 外读数装置 4内固定有磁柱 3，所述铁柱 1与所述磁柱 3的位置相对应并可吸附 在一起。所述近红外读数装置本体 4的端部设有读数头壳体 6， 所述读数头壳体 6内设有读数模块 7， 所述读数模块 7连接数据接口 5。
在本发明单相单线防窃电电表的优选实施例中， 所述处理器 30包括单片机 31和切换电路 32， 所述切换电路 32电连接至单片机 31。
本发明单相单线防窃电电表中所设的上述各个元件是集成于同一个 PCB电 路板上， 相较于常规电表制造企业通常选择将例如存储器 40、 显示器和显示电 路 20和处理器 30集成于一个电路板上， 而其余元件则分层布设， 这样就增加 了制造的成本以及连接稳定性， 而本发明的优势在于， 通过各个电路 /元件之间 的新颖连接和安装方式来解决这样的缺陷。
单片机 31优选为 TI公司出产的 MSP430F427型的 16位 MCU, 并优选地 设置一个计量单元 （优选为 ESP430A1 ) 和 ADC电路。 如图 2所示， 电网 L和 N电力线通过电表 1的接线端 10后接入降压部 70和模拟输入电路 80， 随后电 路 70和 80将电流 I和电压 U的模拟信号传输给单片机 31， 单片机 31的 ADC 电路将信号转换为数字信号并送至计量单元， 所述的计量单元具有双寄存器， 即电流寄存器和电压寄存器以进行双通道计量， 并通过公式：
Figure imgf000019_0001
得出需量计量功率 PTOU， 需量是指需量周期内累计的电能除以此需量周期。 当需量周期结束后， 将之与通道的有功 /视在最大需量相比， 如果该需量较大， 新的最大需量及最大需量时间更新为当前需量以及发生时间， 在本发明的优选 实施例中， 需量方式采用区间式加以计算， 而需量计量的内容包括例如在 30min 内的总最大需量及发生时间， 当前有功视在需量及发生的时间。 同时， 计量单 元进行正反向双向计量， 即正向电量值为正反向电量绝对值的和。
在本发明单相单线防窃电电表的优选实施例中， 所述存储器 40、 显示器 20 和红外通讯电路 60分别电连接至单片机 31。 参照图 2， 红外通讯电路 60可以 直接与单片机 31耦合连接， 即安装于处理器 30中。
在本发明单相单线防窃电电表的优选实施例中， 所述切换电路 32包括停抄 切换电路 33和停显切换电路 34，所述停抄切换电路 33和停显切换电路 34分别 连接于单片机 31。
如图 6所示， 在本发明单相单线防窃电电表的优选实施例中， 所述处理器 30进一步包括与之耦合电连接的时钟电路 35、 偏置电路 36和编程端 37。 时钟 电路 35优选包括一个设定为 32.768K的晶振电路， 使得整体误差在 1年内小于 ls。 偏置电路 36用于调节电表 1的处理器 30功能端的电压， 而编程端 37优选 设置于处理器 30内部并与单片机 31耦合， 这个编程端 37亦可设置于红外通讯 电路 60中， 在本发明的优选实施例中， 可通过编程端 37对时钟电路 35加以控 制， 例如利用一个外部通讯设备， 优选为一个红外读数装置 62与之进行光通讯 后， 对时钟电路所计算的时间和日期进行校准， 或者在抄读电表 1 的数据时， 能够通过单片机 31的电测量数据， 根据对时钟电路的控制来进行分时、 分段抄 读。
如图 7所示， 在本发明单相单线防窃电电表的第一优选实施例中， 接线端 包括 L进线端 Sl、 N进线端 S2、 L出线端 S3和 N出线端 S4， 其中所述 L进线 端 S1和 N进线端 S2接设电网供电线 SUPPLY, 所述 L出线端 S3和 N出线端 S4接设电网用户负载 LOAD, 其中所述 L进线端 SI分接至 N进线端 S2、 L出 线端 S3, 并进一步连接至 N出线端 S4。
在本发明单相单线防窃电电表的第一优选实施例中， 模拟输入电路 80包括 L线锰铜电流采样电路、 N线 CT电流采样电路和电压采样电路， 所述 L线锰铜 电流采样电路的输入端接设于 L进线端 S1与 N出线端 S4之间， 所述 N线 CT 电流采样电路和电压采样电路的输入端接设于 L进线端 S1与 N进线端 S3之间， L线锰铜电流采样电路、 N线 CT电流采样电路和电压采样电路的输出端分别连 接至处理器 30。
在本发明单相单线防窃电电表的第一优选实施例中， 所述降压部 70包括阻 容降压电路、 取电 CT 电路和稳压电路， 所述阻容降压电路的输入端连接于 L 进线端 S1 , 所述稳压电路输入端分别电连接于阻容降压电路和取电 CT电路， 所述稳压电路输出端电连接于电源检测电路 90。 在本发明单相单线防窃电电表的第二优选实施例中， 所述接线端 10包括 L 进线端 Sl、 N进线端 S2、 L出线端 S3和 N出线端 S4， 并进一步包括一个接地 端 S5, 其中 L进线端 S1和 N进线端 S2接设电网供电线， L出线端 S3和N出 线端 S4接设电网用户负载， L进线端 S1分接至 N进线端 S2、 L出线端 S3, 并 进一步连接至 N出线端 S4。
在本发明单相单线防窃电电表的第二优选实施例中， 所述模拟输入电路 80 包括 L线锰铜电流采样电路、 N线 CT电流采样电路和电压采样电路， L线锰铜 电流采样电路的输入端接设于 L进线端 S1与 N出线端 S4之间， 所述 N线 CT 电流采样电路和电压采样电路的输入端接设于 L进线端 S1与 N进线端 S2之间， 所述 L线锰铜电流采样电路、 N线 CT电流采样电路和电压采样电路的输出端分 别连接至处理器 30。
在本发明单相单线防窃电电表的优选实施例中，所述接地端 S5连接于 N进 线端 S2。
在本发明单相单线防窃电电表的优选实施例中， 所述降压部 70包括阻容降 压电路和稳压电路， 所述阻容降压电路的输入端连接于 L进线端 S1 , 稳压电路 的输入端分别电连接于阻容降压电路， 所述稳压电路的输出端电连接于电源检 测电路 90。
在本发明单相单线防窃电电表的优选实施例中， 所述红外通讯部进一步包 括一个红外通讯端口， 它与所述近红外读数装置 4的红外读数接口相互连接。
在本发明单相单线防窃电电表的优选实施例中， 所述红外通讯端口与外部 红外读数接口之间卡合连接， 通过红外通讯方式进行数据传输。
在本发明单相单线防窃电电表的优选实施例中， 所述输入电路 50包括显示 电路和编程电路。 在本发明单相单线防窃电电表的优选实施例中， 所述显示电 路设有显示控键， 并电连接至单片机 31。 在本发明单相单线防窃电电表的优选 实施例中， 所述编程电路设有编程控键， 并电连接至单片机 31。
进一步地， 一种如前所述的单相单线防窃电电表的电源检测方法， 其特征 在于包括如下步骤： 1、 电表 1上电； 2、 单片机 31对电源方式进行判定， 若判 定为电网电力线供电， 则进行上电初始化， 若判定为电池上电， 则进行停电初 始化； 3、 在上电初始化完成后， 进行上电主循环； 在停电初始化完成后， 进行 停电主循环； 4、 在上电主循环完成后， 进行下电检测， 若检测出仍有电， 则重 新进行上电主循环， 若检测出下电， 则进行停电初始化； 在停电住循环之后， 进行上电检测， 若检测出仍停电， 则重新进行停电主循环， 若检测出上电， 则 进行上电主循环。
在如前所述的单相单线防窃电电表的电源检测方法中， 所述上电主循环包 括在一个预设时间周期内依次进行： 1、 计量处理； 2、 显示处理； 3、 事件处理； 4、 通讯处理。
在如前所述的单相单线防窃电电表的电源检测方法中， 所述停电主循环包 括在一个预设时间周期内依次进行： 1、 停电检测处理； 2、 窃电事件处理； 3、 中断处理。
参照图 2A、图 2B，近红外读数装置与一个电表的红外通讯部之间实现通讯耦合， 包括一个近红外读数装置本体 4， 近红外读数装置本体 4的后端设置有数据接口 所述近红外读数装置本体 4的端部设有读数头壳体 6， 所述读数头壳体 6内设 有读数模块 7， 所述读数模块 7连接数据接口 5。 参照图 8， 在一个较佳实施例中， 所述读数模块 7包括了 DSP (数字信号处理 器） 706， 信号发射部 702， 信号接收部 703， 斜率比较器 704以及 TXD信号屏蔽 部 705， 其中所述 DSP 706分别通过所述的信号发射部 702和信号接收部 703向电 表的红外通讯部 201发送和接收红外信号， 且在所述信号发射部 702与信号接收 部 703之间连接了斜率比较器 704以及与之耦合的 TXD信号屏蔽部 705。
在一个较佳实施例中，近红外读数装置 10进一步包括电源 701，它为所述 DSP 706， 信号发射部 702和信号接收部 703提供工作电压， 且进一步连接 USB数据接 口 707， 通过所述 USB数据接口 707获取外部 +12V电力源。
在一个较佳实施例中， 所述数据接口为航空插头或者 USB接口， 一般选择 USB接口， 在工业级仪表上可选择航空接口。
进一步参照图 8， 在一个较佳实施例中， 信号发射部 702包括一个红外发射 阵列， 以及与之耦合的开关器件 （较佳选用三极管 Q1 ) ， 通过所述三极管 Q1受 控于 DSP的 TXD信号端且进一步控制所述红外发射阵列，其中所述红外发射阵列 包括若干个并行且对称设置的红外发射管。
在图 8中给出一个信号发射部 702的较佳实施例，它是由电阻 R1,R2,R3,R5， 红外发射管 D1,D2,D3,D4,D5,D6 (选择红外发射管 D1与 D2， D3与 D4， D5与 D6相互连接组成阵列），三极管 Q1组成。正常时 TXD信号端设为高电平， TXD 信号端通过电阻 R5输入到 PNP型三极管 Q1的 B极信号为高电平， 使其截止， 则红外发射管 D1,D2,D3,D4,D5,D6不发射红外信号。当 TXD信号端置为低电平 时， TXD信号端通过电阻 R5输入开关管 Q1的 B极一个低电平信号， Q1导通， 则来自电源 701的 +3.3V电源电压流过 Dl、 D2、 Rl， D3、 D4、 R2， D5、 D6、 R3 , 红外发射管 D1,D2,D3,D4,D5,D6发射红外信号给电表。
同时， 在 PCB设计上， 红外发射管 D1,D2,D3,D4,D5,D6为中心对称布置， 加 上红外发射管具有一定的圆锥发射角度， 不管红外通讯头如何放置都保证了电 表侧红外通讯部 201均可收到足够强度的红外信号， 保证了发射信号的可靠性。
在一个较佳实施例中， 所述信号接收部包括上拉器件 （电阻 R4) 和与之连 接的红外接收管 T1 ,通过所述红外接收管 T1接收电表的红外通讯部 201的红外信 号。
在图 8中给出一个信号接收部 703的较佳实施例， 它主要是由电阻 R4和红外 接收管 T1组成。
其中， 当电表无红外发射信号给通讯部 201时， 红外接收管 T1截止， T1的 C 极被电阻 R4上拉到高电平。 当接收到非中心对准的电表的红外发射管发射的红 外信号时，红外接收管 T1进入放大状态， T1的 C极处于一个电平不确定的低电平 状态， 其 C极的电压与电表侧的红外发射管的红外强度和红外发散角度有关， 当 电表的红外发射管红外强度越大， 红外发散角度越大时， C极的电压越接近 0V。 当电表的红外通讯部 201结束红外发射时， T1的 C极被电阻 R4上拉上升到 3.3V电 压。
在一个较佳实施例中， 所述斜率比较器 704的输入端接入信号接收部 703的 红外接收管 T1 , 且包括： 受控通断器件 （较佳为相互并联的二极管 D7， D9) ， 它连接至所述信号接收部 703， 根据其红外接收管 T1的信号而对后级电路造成通 断控制； 上拉器件 （电阻 R8 ) ， 它连接所述受控通断器件 （二极管 D7) ， 以将 其通断得出的信号提升或衰减至第一电压 +3.3V;分压器件（分压电阻 R6， R12)， 它连接所述受控通断器件 （二极管 D9) ， 以将其通断得出的信号分压而获得第 二电压 （低于 +3.3V, 测试得出的值为 +3.0V) ； 比较器 U1B , 它分别将所述上 拉器件和分压器件的第一和第二电压作为正端和负端加以接入， 以判断出一个 数字信号给 DSP 706的 RXD信号端。 在一个较佳实施例中， 进一步包括与所述分压器件（电阻 R12)并联的容性 器件（电容器 C2) ， 它在二极管 D7和 D9的通断过程中进行充电和放电， 以使得 所述第一电压 +3.3V与第二电压 +3.0V之间产生一个固定差值 0.3V。
在图 8中给出一个斜率比较器 704的较佳实施例， 它是由电阻 R8,R6,R12,R7， 二极管 D7,D9， 电容 C2， 比较器 U1B组成。
当红外接收管 T1没有接收到红外信号时输出高电平，此时二极管 D7,D9都截 止。 比较器 U1B的正端输入被电阻 R8上拉到 +3.3V电压， 比较器 U1B的负端输入 通过电阻 R6和 R12分压得出一个接近 +3.3V的电压， 此时比较器 U1B的正端电压 大于负端电压， 比较器 U1B输出端被上拉电阻 R7上拉到高电平， 输出 RXD信号 为高电平。
当红外接收管管 T1接收到红外信号时， T1开始进入放大状态，其 C极电压开 始下降，二极管 D7,D9开始导通，比较器 U1B的正端和负端电压分别因导通的 D7, D9而下降。 但是因为负端的电容 C2存在的原因， U1B的正端电压下降速度比负 端快， 随后在一个很短的工作时限内， 正端电压低于负端电压， 比较器 U1B输出 低电平， RXD信号端开始由高电平跳变为低电平。
当红外接收管 T1的 C极电压稳定在一个低电平时， 因为流过通断开关 D7,D9 的电流不同， 且压降不同 （且 D7的压降小于 D9的压降）， 导致正端电压小于负 端电压， 比较器 U1B维持在低电平输出， RXD信号端继续输出低电平信号。 当 T1停止收到红外信号， 红外接收管 T1开始由放大状态变为截止状态， T1的 C极 电压开始上升到 +3.3V, 通断开关 D7和 D9的正极侧电压开始上升， 因为电阻 R6 需要对电容 C2进行充电， 导致比较器 U1B负端的电压上升速度慢于正端的电压 上升，随后又会在一个很短的工作时限内，比较器 U1B的正端电压高于负端电压， 比较器 U1B输出通过上拉电阻 R7输出高电平， 从而 RXD信号输出高电平。 在一个较佳实施例中，所述 TXD信号屏蔽部 705接入 DSP 706的 TXD信号端， 且控制所述斜率比较器 704， 它包括： 开关器件（二极管 D8 ) ， 它接入所述 TXD 信号端且根据其电平进一步控制后级电路； 上拉器件（上拉电阻 R11 ) ， 它连接 前述受控通断器件， 以将其通断得出的信号提升或衰减至第一电压 +3.3V; 分压 器件（分压电阻 R9， R10) ， 它连接所述受控通断器件， 以将其通断得出的信号 分压而获得第二电压 +2.4V; 比较器 U1A, 它分别将所述上拉器件和分压器件的 第一和第二电压作为正端和负端加以接入， 以判断出一个数字信号控制斜率比 较器的数字信号输出。
在图 8中给出一个 TXD信号屏蔽部 705的较佳实施例， 它是由电阻 R11,R9,R10, 电容 Cl， 二极管 D8， 比较器 U1A组成。 因为红外接收管 T1接收到 的模拟信号距离、 发射强度等的不同， 常规技术的比较器无法正确处理为数字 信号， 所以本实施例设计了此斜率比较器。
当 TXD为高电平时， 开关 D8截止， 比较器 U1A的正端输入电压被 R11上拉到 +3.3V, 比较器 U1A的负端输入电压通过 R9和 R10对 +3.3V分压得到。 此时 U1A 的正端电压高于负端电压， 比较器 U1A输出高阻态， 不对斜率比较器的负端进 行控制， 对模拟信号斜率的变化进行判断。
例如， 在模拟信号波形上选择两点 A和 B, 我们对 A、 B两点进行判断， 其中 A点是电压开始下降点， B点是电压开始上升点， 映射在象限坐标中， 表示为在 第一和第四象限的线， 上升的线在第一象限， 斜率为正， 比较器输出高电平。 下降为第四象限， 斜率为负， 比较器输出低电平。 对于一直为高或一直为低的 情况， 斜率为 0， 比较器输出不做变化。
当 TXD输出低电平时， 开关 D8导通， 比较器 U1A的正端电压被 D8下拉后小 于负端的电压， 比较器输出低电平， 斜率比较器 U1B的负端被下拉到低电平， UIB的正端输入恒大于 UIB的负端输入， UIB输出高电平， RXD为高。 当 TXD 信号端由低到高发生跳变时， 开关 D8又截止， 但是因为电阻 R11对电容 C1充电 需要一定的时间才能充到高于 U1A的负端电压， 这段充电时间保证了在 TXD跳 变之后红外接收管因为结电容效应造成的关断时间晚于红外发射管关断时间而 产生的滞后信号被 TXD信号给屏蔽， RXD信号端在 TXD信号端跳变为高电平后 不会出现一个短暂的低电平脉冲。当通讯头接收到电表发射的红外信号时， TXD 信号屏蔽电路已经释放了对斜率比较器负端的控制， 斜率比较器又可以正常处 理红外接收电路接收到的红外信号。
在此基础上发明一种电表， 它接设于电网供电线与电网用户负载之间， 如 图 2A、 图 2B和图 2， 其包括根据前述的近红外读数装置， 以及与之相配合的表壳 2, 在所述表壳 2内设置有处理器和红外通讯部 201， 所述红外通讯部 201电连接 至处理器，其中所述表壳 2内固定有铁柱 1，所述近红外读数装置内固定有磁柱 3， 所述铁柱 1与所述磁柱 3的位置相对应并可吸附在一起。
在一个较佳实施例中， 电表实现与外部设备进行近红外数据通讯的方法包 括了步骤：
1 )通过所述近红外读数装置的数据接口连接一个外部数据设备并获取工作电力 支持；
2 )将所述近红外读数装置一端的凸台对准插入所述表壳对应的定位槽中， 使所 述表壳内的红外通讯部与读数模块正对地相互通讯耦合；
3 ) 所述外部数据设备通过读数模块向红外通讯部发送读数信号： 通过 DSP将其 TXD信号端置于低电平， 通过电阻 R5输入给信号发射部的开关器件一个低电平 信号使之导通， 进而使得所述电源的一个第一电压提供给红外发射阵列， 使之 向红外通讯部发送红外信号； 4)所述电表的处理器通过红外通讯部接收此红外信号， 并反馈数据信号给信号 接收部；
5 )通过所述信号接收部的红外接收管 T1接收此反馈的数据信号， 所述红外接收 管 T1处于放大状态， 其 C极处于一个电平不确定的低电平状态， 此时其 C极电压 是与所述电表的红外通讯部的红外发射强度和发散角度成比例关系， 当所述红 外通讯部的红外发射强度与发散角度增大时， C极电压逐渐趋近于 0V; 当所述红 外通讯部结束发射数据信号时，所述红外接收管 T1的 C极电压被上拉器件提升至 所述第一电压；
6) 通过数据接口传送数据信息给外部数据设备。
在一个较佳实施例中， 在步骤 3 ) 中， 在所述信号发射部未接收到来自 TXD信号 端的信号时， 所述 DSP将其设置为高电平， 通过电阻 R5输入给信号发射部的开 关器件一个高电平信号使之截止； 在步骤 5 ) 中， 在未接收到红外通讯部的数据 信号时， 所述红外接收管 T1的 C极电压被上拉器件强置于第一电压。
在一个较佳实施例中， 当红外接收管 T1接收到反馈的数据信号时， 开始进 入放大状态， 其 C极电压开始下降， 使得斜率比较器的受控通断器件开始导通， 分别导致比较器 U1B的正端和负端所获得的第一和第二电压下降；
通过容性器件将所述比较器 U1B的正端电压下降速度控制为高于负端电压，使得 比较器 U1B输出为低电平， RXD信号端开始由高电平跳变为低电平；
当红外接收管 T1的 C极电压稳定在一个低电平时， 因受控通断器件上的压降不 同， 导致比较器 U1B的正端电压小于负端电压， 使得比较器 U1B维持在低电平输 出， RXD信号端继续输出为低电平信号；
当红外接收管 T1停止收到反馈的数据信号时， 开始由放大状态变为截止状态， 其 C极电压开始上升到第一电压， 使得所述受控通断器件的正极侧电压开始上 升；
通过分压电阻对容性器件进行充电，导致比较器 U1B的负端电压提升速度低于正 端电压， 比较器 U1B的输出通过上拉电阻输出高电平， RXD信号端输出高电平。 在一个较佳实施例中， 当 DSP的 TXD信号端设为高电平时， 所述 TXD信号屏蔽 部的开关器件截止， 使得比较器 U1A的正端输入电压被上拉电阻提升至第一电 压， 其中所述比较器 U1A的负端电压是通过分压电阻对所述第一电压分压得到 的第二电压，此时比较器 U1A的正端电压高于负端电压，使得比较器 U1A不对斜 率比较器的负端进行控制；
当 DSP的 TXD信号端设为低电平时， 所述 TXD信号屏蔽部的开关器件导通， 使 得比较器 U1A的正端电压被上拉器件设为低于负端电压而输出低电平； 斜率比较器的比较器 U1B负端电压被拉至低电平， 使其正端输入电压恒大于负 端输入电压而输出高电平， RXD信号端输出高电平。
参照图 2A、 图 2B， 近红外读数装置的较佳实施例是用于与本发明电表的红外通 讯部之间的通讯耦合， 包括一个近红外读数装置本体 4， 其中所述近红外读数装 置本体的一端设置有数据接口 5， 其中所述近红外读数装置本体的端部设有读数 头壳体 6，所述读数头壳体 6内设有读数模块 7，所述读数模块 7连接了数据接口 5。
在一个实施例中， 进一步包括电源， 它为所述读数模块 7提供 +12V直流工作 电压， 且进一步连接所述数据接口 5， 通过数据接口 5获取外部 220VAC电力源。
参照图 9， 在一个实施例中， 所述读数模块 7包括呈圆环形排布的多个红外 发射管 701， 其中每一红外发射管 7011的圆锥发射角度设定为 30至 75° 的范 围内。
在一个较佳实施例中， 所述圆锥发射角度设定为 60° 。 在另一个实施例中， 再次参照图 2A， 一种近红外通讯的电表包括了前述的 近红外读数装置， 以及与之相配合的表壳 2， 在所述表壳 2内设置有处理器和红 外通讯部， 所述红外通讯部电连接至处理器， 其中所述表壳内固定有铁柱 1， 所 述近红外读数装置内固定有磁柱 3，所述铁柱 1与所述磁柱 3的位置相对应并可 吸附在一起。
参照图 10， 在一个实施例中， 电源电路包括降压部， 多路整流稳压电路， 继电器 PWM控制电路， 反激式隔离电源电路。
在一个实施例中， 所述电源包括降压部， 所述降压部又由 n级阻容降压部 级联组成， 其中每一阻容降压部包括接入电网电力线 L线的阻抗和与之串接的 容性器件， 以及连接所述容性元件的双向 TVS管， L线电网交流电经过所述阻 抗和容性器件加以限流， 再经过所述双向 TVS管加以钳位后流回 N线。
阻容降压部： 由功率绕线电阻 R1,高压安规电容 C1 ,双向 TVS管 D1,D2,D3 组成。交流电压从火线经过 R1,C1限流， D1,D2,D3钳位流回零线。因为 D1,D2,D3 的双向钳位特性， 在 D1,D2,D3分别得到峰峰值为 TVS钳位电压的交流电压。 各路的交流电压经过各路的整流稳压电路分别供各路后端器件使用。 当需要更 多路电源输出时， 在阻容降压回路中继续串入双向 TVS管 Dn。
多路整流稳压电路： 由桥堆 B1,B2,整流二极管 D7, 电解电容 E1,E2,E4,E5， 稳压芯片 U1 , 贴片电容 C5,C6组成。 D2上的交流电压经过 B1全波整流 ,ΕΙ滤 波后得到 VCC2电压供继电器 PWM控制电路使用。 D1上的交流电压经过 Β2 全波整流， Ε2滤波后得到 VCC3电压供反激式隔离电源使用。 D3上的交流电压 经过 D7半波整流， Ε4滤波后得到 VCC1电压， VCC1经过 U1稳压， E5,C5,C6 滤波后得到 3.3V电压供后端单片机使用。 当需要更多路电源输出时， 在 Dn上 的交流电压经过 Bn整流， En滤波后得到 VCCn电压供后端使用。 继电器 PWM控制电路： 由继电器 Kl， 光耦 ΟΡ1， 三极管 Ql， 续流二极 管 D4 , 电阻 R11,R12组成。 当继电器断开时， PWM1信号一直为高电平， OP1 输入端无电流， OP1输出端截止， Q1截止， K1线圈无电压， K1断开。 当继电 器吸合时， PWM1处输出 PWM信号， OP1输入端间按 PWM信号导通 /截止， OP1输出端按 PWM信号导通 /截止， VCC2电压经过 R11和 OP1输出端流入 Q1 的 B级， Q1按 PWM信号导通 /截止。 Q1导通时 VCC2流过 K1的线圈电流为 Ik, 二极管 D4截止。 当 Q1截止时 K1内部的电流 Ik经过续流二极管 D4流回 VCC2。 VCC2的平均电流为 12， PWM信号的周期为 T, 导通时间为 Ton。 按照 VCC2的功耗乘以效率 η=Κ1的功耗加以计算， 即满足关系式：
12= (Ik · Ton ) /(T · η)，
在一个实施例中， 通过对电路的测试得出： η=0.9， l2=1.1 lk * Ton/T， 假设 选择的继电器 K1的吸合电压为 VK1 , 则占空比 Ton/T=VK1/VCC2。
本方案采用的继电器等效 BUCK拓扑结构， 通过改变 PWM波形的占空比 可以在一个电压下驱动各种电压规格的继电器， 继电器的通用性大大增加， 并 且继电器消耗的电流 /电源增加的电流 =1 : PWM 占空比， 电源增加的电流小于 继电器消耗的电流， 降低了继电器吸合时的功耗。
反激式隔离电源电路： 由电阻 R2,R3,R4,R5,R6,R7,R8,R9,R10， 二极管 D6,D5， 高频变压器 Tl， 光耦 ΟΡ2 , 开关电源芯片 U2 , 电压基准 U3 , 贴片电 容 C2,C3,C4， 电解电容 E3组成。 VCC3通过 U2的 VIN脚对 U2供电。 当系统 上电时， VCC3电压通过 R4进入芯片 U2使能引脚 SHDN, U2开始工作。 此时 OP2输出截止， U2的反馈引脚 FB被 R5拉低，芯片认为输出电压还没有达到设 定值， U2的 SW脚开始反复导通和截止， 当 SW脚导通时， VCC3电压流过 T1 的 1,2绕组对变压器充电， 按照同名绕组的定义， 此时变压器 T1的 3脚处为负 电平， D5不导通。 当 SW脚截止时， T1的 1,2绕组的电流继续沿着 D6,R3,C2 流回 VCC3, 同名端处为正， 对应的 3脚同名端也为正， D5导通， 对 C3,E3充 电， 485V电压上升。 485V电压通过 R6,R7对电压基准 U3进行供电， U3对通 过 R9,R10分压后的 485V电压进行判断。 R8和 C4做相位调整用， 改善 U3的 响应特性。
当 485V电压上升到 5V时， U3的 1脚输出低电平， OP2输出导通， VCC3 电压通过 R2,OP2,R5分压后输入 U2的反馈脚 FB脚。 U2的 SW脚停止导通， 变压器 T1无能量传递， 485V电压开始下降， U3的 1脚输出高电平， OP2截止， U2的 FB脚电压下降， U2的 SW脚又重新开始开关。 经过反复的停止和开关， 485V电压稳定在一个设定值。
以上仅为本发明的优选实施方式， 并非是对本发明的限制， 应当了解， 一 切基于本发明技术方案所作出的修改、 替代或变化， 皆应涵盖于本发明所附权 利要求主张的技术范围内。

Claims

WO 2014/101630 权 和 j 要 求 书 PCT/CN2013/088291
1. 近红外读数装置， 包括近红外读数装置本体， 其改进设计在于： 所述近 红外读数装置本体的一端固定有磁柱， 另一端设有数据接口。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述近红外读数装置， 其改进设计在于： 所述近红外读 数装置本体的端部设有读数头壳体， 所述读数头壳体内设有读数模块。
3. 根据权利要求 2所述近红外读数装置， 其改进设计在于： 所述读数头壳 体的两侧各设有一个凸耳， 每个凸耳设有一个凹槽， 所述凹槽内固定有一个磁 柱。
4. 根据权利要求 3所述的近红外读数装置， 其改进设计在于： 所述磁柱是 以压配方式固定于所述凸耳内。
5. 根据权利要求 3所述近红外读数装置， 其改进设计在于： 所述读数头壳 体的顶部中央设有一个凸台。
6. 根据权利要求 1所述近红外读数装置， 其改进设计在于： 所述数据接口 为航空插头或者 USB接口。
7. 与权利要求 1所述近红外读数装置相配合的表壳， 其改进设计在于： 所 述表壳内固定有铁柱， 所述铁柱与所述磁柱的位置相对应并可吸附在一起。
8. 根据权利要求 7所述表壳， 其改进设计在于： 所述表壳内侧中央设有一 个定位槽。
9. 根据权利要求 8所述表壳， 其改进设计在于： 所述表壳内侧设有一个限 位槽， 所述定位槽位于所述限位槽的底面之内。
10. 根据权利要求 7所述表壳，其改进设计在于：所述铁柱位于所述定位槽 的两旁， 所述铁柱的外端面与所述限位槽的底面平齐， 以增强吸力。
11. 根据权利要求 8所述的表壳， 其改进设计在于：在所述表壳内与所述限 位槽对应的位置装设有红外通讯部， 当进行近红外数据读取时， 将所述读数头 壳体与所述表壳配合， 所述凸台插入定位槽中， 使所述红外通讯部与读数模块 正对地相互通讯耦合。
12. 防窃电电表， 它接设于电网供电线与电网用户负载之间， 其改进设计 在于： 包括表壳和与之相配合的近红外读数装置， 其中在所述表壳内设置有接 线端、 处理器和红外通讯部， 所述红外通讯部电连接至处理器， 电网供电线的 L 线和 N线通过所述接线端接入所述电表， 且进一步包括降压部、 模拟输入部、 电 源检测部和强磁检测部， 所述接线端分接至模拟输入部和降压部， 所述模拟输 入部电连接至处理器， 所述降压部分别通过电源检测部和强磁检测部电连接至 处理器， 其中所述红外通讯部与近红外读数装置相互配合连接， 通过红外通讯 方式加以相互通讯耦合。
13. 根据权利要求 12所述的防窃电电表， 其改进设计在于： 所述表壳内固 定有铁柱， 所述近红外读数装置内固定有磁柱， 所述铁柱与所述磁柱的位置相 对应并可吸附在一起。
14. 根据权利要求 12所述的防窃电电表， 其改进设计在于： 所述接线端包 括 L进线端、 N进线端、 L出线端和 N出线端， 其中所述 L进线端和 N进线端接设 电网供电线， 所述 L出线端和 N出线端接设电网用户负载， 所述 L进线端分接至 N 进线端、 L出线端， 并进一步连接至 N出线端； 或者所述接线端包括 L进线端、 N 进线端、 L出线端和 N出线端， 并进一步包括一个接地端， 其中所述 L进线端和 N 进线端接设电网供电线， 所述 L出线端和 N出线端接设电网用户负载， 所述 L进 线端分接至 N进线端、 L出线端， 并进一步连接至 N出线端， 所述接地端连接于 N 进线端。
15. 根据权利要求 12所述的防窃电电表， 其改进设计在于： 所述模拟输入 部包括 L线锰铜电流采样部、 N线 CT电流采样部和电压采样部， 所述 L线锰铜电 流采样部的输入端接设于 L进线端与 N出线端之间， 所述 N线CT电流采样部和电 压采样部的输入端接设于 L进线端与 N进线端之间， 所述 L线锰铜电流采样部、 N 线 CT电流采样部和电压采样部的输出端分别连接至处理器；
或者所述模拟输入部包括 L线锰铜电流采样部、 N线 CT电流采样部和电压采样 部， 所述 L线锰铜电流采样部的输入端接设于 L进线端与 N出线端之间， 所述 N线 CT电流采样部和电压采样部的输入端接设于 L进线端与 N进线端之间， 所述 L线 锰铜电流采样部、 N线 CT电流采样部和电压采样部的输出端分别连接至处理器。
16. 根据权利要求 12所述的防窃电电表， 其改进设计在于： 所述降压部包 括阻容降压部、 取电 CT部和稳压部， 所述阻容降压部的输入端连接于 L进线端， 所述稳压部输入端分别电连接于阻容降压部和取电 CT部， 所述稳压部输出端电 连接于电源检测部； 或者
所述降压部包括阻容降压部和稳压部， 所述阻容降压部的输入端连接于 L进线 端， 所述稳压部输入端分别电连接于阻容降压部， 所述稳压部输出端电连接于 电源检测部。
17. 近红外读数装置， 它用于与一个电表的红外通讯部之间的通讯耦合， 包括一个近红外读数装置本体， 其改进设计在于： 所述近红外读数装置本体的 一端设置有数据接口。
18. 根据权利要求 17所述的近红外读数装置， 其改进设计在于： 所述近红 外读数装置本体的端部设有读数头壳体， 所述读数头壳体内设有读数模块， 所 述读数模块连接数据接口。
19. 根据权利要求 18所述的近红外读数装置， 其改进设计在于： 所述读数 模块包括了 DSP, 信号发射部， 信号接收部， 斜率比较器以及 TXD信号屏蔽部， 其中所述 DSP分别通过所述的信号发射部和信号接收部向电表的红外通讯部发 送和接收红外信号， 且在所述信号发射部与信号接收部之间连接了斜率比较器 以及与之耦合的 TXD信号屏蔽部。
20. 根据权利要求 19所述的近红外读数装置， 其改进设计在于： 进一步包 括电源， 它为所述 DSP, 信号发射部和信号接收部提供工作电压， 且进一步连接 所述数据接口， 通过所述数据接口获取外部电力源。
21. 根据权利要求 20所述的近红外读数装置， 其改进设计在于： 所述数据 接口为航空插头或者 USB接口。
22. 根据权利要求 19所述的近红外读数装置， 其改进设计在于： 所述信号 发射部包括红外发射阵列， 以及与之耦合的开关器件， 通过所述开关器件 Q1受 控于 DSP的 TXD信号端且进一步控制所述红外发射阵列，其中所述红外发射阵列 包括若干个并行且对称设置的红外发射管。
23. 根据权利要求 19所述的近红外读数装置， 其改进设计在于： 所述信号 接收部包括上拉器件和与之连接的红外接收管 T1 , 通过所述红外接收管 T1接收 电表的红外通讯部的红外信号。
24. 根据权利要求 19所述的近红外读数装置， 其改进设计在于： 所述斜率 比较器的输入端接入信号接收部， 且包括：
受控通断器件， 它连接至所述信号接收部， 根据此信号接收部的红外接收管 T1 的信号而对后级电路造成通断控制；
上拉器件， 它连接所述受控通断器件， 以将其通断得出的信号提升或衰减至第 一电压；
分压器件， 它连接所述受控通断器件， 以将其通断得出的信号分压而获得第二 电压；
比较器 U1B，它分别将所述上拉器件和分压器件的第一和第二电压作为正端和负 端加以接入， 以判断出一个数字信号给 DSP的 RXD信号端。
25. 根据权利要求 24所述的近红外读数装置， 其改进设计在于： 进一步包 括与所述分压器件并联的容性器件， 它在所述受控通断器件的通断过程中进行 充电和放电， 以使得所述第一电压与第二电压之间产生一个固定差值。
26. 根据权利要求 19所述的近红外读数装置， 其改进设计在于： 所述 TXD 信号屏蔽部接入 DSP的 TXD信号端， 且控制所述斜率比较器， 它包括： 开关器件， 它接入所述 TXD信号端且根据其电平进一步控制后级电路； 上拉器件， 它连接所述受控通断器件， 以将其通断得出的信号提升或衰减至第 一电压；
分压器件， 它连接所述受控通断器件， 以将其通断得出的信号分压而获得第二 电压；
比较器 U1A, 它分别将所述上拉器件和分压器件的第一和第二电压作为正端和 负端加以接入， 以判断出一个数字信号控制斜率比较器的数字信号输出。
27. 电表， 它接设于电网供电线与电网用户负载之间， 其改进设计在于： 包括根据权利要求 1所述的近红外读数装置， 以及与之相配合的表壳， 在所述表 壳内设置有处理器和红外通讯部， 所述红外通讯部电连接至处理器， 其中所述 表壳内固定有铁柱， 所述近红外读数装置内固定有磁柱， 所述铁柱与所述磁柱 的位置相对应并可吸附在一起。
28. 根据权利要求 27所述的电表， 其改进设计在于实现与外部设备进行近 红外数据通讯的方法包括了步骤： 1 )通过所述近红外读数装置的数据接口连接一个外部数据设备并获取工作电力 支持；
2)将所述近红外读数装置一端的凸台对准插入所述表壳对应的定位槽中， 使所 述表壳内的红外通讯部与读数模块正对地相互通讯耦合；
3 ) 所述外部数据设备通过读数模块向红外通讯部发送读数信号： 通过 DSP将其 TXD信号端置于低电平， 通过电阻 R5输入给信号发射部的开关器件一个低电平 信号使之导通， 进而使得所述电源的一个第一电压提供给红外发射阵列， 使之 向红外通讯部发送红外信号；
4)所述电表的处理器通过红外通讯部接收此红外信号， 并反馈数据信号给信号 接收部；
5 )通过所述信号接收部的红外接收管 T1接收此反馈的数据信号， 所述红外接收 管 T1处于放大状态， 其 C极处于一个电平不确定的低电平状态， 此时其 C极电压 是与所述电表的红外通讯部的红外发射强度和发散角度成比例关系， 当所述红 外通讯部的红外发射强度与发散角度增大时， C极电压逐渐趋近于 0V; 当所述红 外通讯部结束发射数据信号时，所述红外接收管 T1的 C极电压被上拉器件提升至 所述第一电压；
6) 通过数据接口传送数据信息给外部数据设备。
29. 根据权利要求 28所述的电表， 其改进设计在于： 在步骤 3 ) 中， 在所述 信号发射部未接收到来自 TXD信号端的信号时，所述 DSP将其设置为高电平，通 过电阻 R5输入给信号发射部的开关器件一个高电平信号使之截止；在步骤 5 )中， 在未接收到红外通讯部的数据信号时，所述红外接收管 T1的 C极电压被上拉器件 强置于第一电压。
30. 根据权利要求 28所述的电表， 其改进设计在于：
当红外接收管 T1接收到反馈的数据信号时， 开始进入放大状态， 其 C极电压开始 下降，使得斜率比较器的受控通断器件开始导通，分别导致比较器 U1B的正端和 负端所获得的第一和第二电压下降；
通过容性器件将所述比较器 U1B的正端电压下降速度控制为高于负端电压，使得 比较器 U1B输出为低电平， RXD信号端开始由高电平跳变为低电平；
当红外接收管 T1的 C极电压稳定在一个低电平时， 因受控通断器件上的压降不 同， 导致比较器 U1B的正端电压小于负端电压， 使得比较器 U1B维持在低电平输 出， RXD信号端继续输出为低电平信号；
当红外接收管 T1停止收到反馈的数据信号时， 开始由放大状态变为截止状态， 其 C极电压开始上升到第一电压， 使得所述受控通断器件的正极侧电压开始上 升；
通过分压电阻对容性器件进行充电，导致比较器 U1B的负端电压提升速度低于正 端电压， 比较器 U1B的输出通过上拉电阻输出高电平， RXD信号端输出高电平。
31. 根据权利要求 30所述的电表， 其改进设计在于：
当 DSP的 TXD信号端设为高电平时， 所述 TXD信号屏蔽部的开关器件截止， 使 得比较器 U1A的正端输入电压被上拉电阻提升至第一电压，其中所述比较器 U1A 的负端电压是通过分压电阻对所述第一电压分压得到的第二电压， 此时比较器 U1A的正端电压高于负端电压， 使得比较器 U1A不对斜率比较器的负端进行控 制；
当 DSP的 TXD信号端设为低电平时， 所述 TXD信号屏蔽部的开关器件导通， 使 得比较器 U1A的正端电压被上拉器件设为低于负端电压而输出低电平； 斜率比较器的比较器 U1B负端电压被拉至低电平，使其正端输入电压恒大于负端 输入电压而输出高电平， RXD信号端输出高电平。
32. 近红外读数装置， 它用于与一个电表的红外通讯部之间的通讯耦合， 包括一个近红外读数装置本体， 其改进设计在于： 所述近红外读数装置本体的 一端设置有数据接口， 其中所述近红外读数装置本体的端部设有读数头壳体， 所述读数头壳体内设有读数模块， 所述读数模块连接数据接口。
33. 根据权利要求 32所述的近红外读数装置， 其改进设计在于： 进一步包 括电源， 它为所述读数模块提供工作电压， 且进一步连接所述数据接口， 通过 所述数据接口获取外部电力源。
34. 根据权利要求 32所述的近红外读数装置， 其改进设计在于： 所述读数 模块包括呈圆环形排布的多个红外发射管， 其中所述红外发射管的圆锥发射角 度设定为 30至 75 ° 的范围内。
35. 电表， 它接设于电网供电线与电网用户负载之间， 其改进设计在于： 包括根据权利要求 1所述的近红外读数装置， 以及与之相配合的表壳， 在所述表 壳内设置有处理器和红外通讯部， 所述红外通讯部电连接至处理器， 其中所述 表壳内固定有铁柱， 所述近红外读数装置内固定有磁柱， 所述铁柱与所述磁柱 的位置相对应并可吸附在一起。
36. 根据权利要求 35所述的近红外读数装置， 其改进设计在于： 所述电源 包括降压部， 所述降压部又由 n级阻容降压部级联组成， 其中每一阻容降压部包 括接入电网电力线 L线的阻抗和与之串接的容性器件， 以及连接所述容性元件的 双向 TVS管， L线电网交流电经过所述阻抗和容性器件加以限流， 再经过所述双 向 TVS管加以钳位后流回 N线。
37. 根据权利要求 36所述的近红外读数装置， 其改进设计在于： 进一步为 所述双向 TVS管后端耦合配置有桥堆和与之连接的充放电器件。
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