WO2014107873A1 - 用于肿瘤治疗的试剂、其用途及方法 - Google Patents

用于肿瘤治疗的试剂、其用途及方法 Download PDF

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WO2014107873A1
WO2014107873A1 PCT/CN2013/070342 CN2013070342W WO2014107873A1 WO 2014107873 A1 WO2014107873 A1 WO 2014107873A1 CN 2013070342 W CN2013070342 W CN 2013070342W WO 2014107873 A1 WO2014107873 A1 WO 2014107873A1
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cancer
tumor
cells
days
signaling
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French (fr)
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傅阳心
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Dingfu Biotarget Co Ltd
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Dingfu Biotarget Co Ltd
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Priority to ES13870762T priority Critical patent/ES2721168T3/es
Priority to US14/654,648 priority patent/US20150344577A1/en
Priority to EP13870762.5A priority patent/EP2944323B1/en
Priority to PCT/CN2013/070342 priority patent/WO2014107873A1/zh
Priority to DK13870762.5T priority patent/DK2944323T3/en
Priority to CA2896797A priority patent/CA2896797A1/en
Priority to HRP20190628TT priority patent/HRP20190628T1/hr
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07KPEPTIDES
    • C07K16/00Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
    • C07K16/18Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
    • C07K16/28Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
    • C07K16/2803Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against the immunoglobulin superfamily
    • C07K16/2827Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against the immunoglobulin superfamily against B7 molecules, e.g. CD80, CD86
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K39/395Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K39/395Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum
    • A61K39/39533Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum against materials from animals
    • A61K39/3955Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum against materials from animals against proteinaceous materials, e.g. enzymes, hormones, lymphokines
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K45/00Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
    • A61K45/06Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61NELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/10X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00Antineoplastic agents
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07KPEPTIDES
    • C07K16/00Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
    • C07K16/18Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
    • C07K16/28Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
    • C07K16/2803Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against the immunoglobulin superfamily
    • C07K16/2818Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against the immunoglobulin superfamily against CD28 or CD152
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K2039/505Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies comprising antibodies
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07KPEPTIDES
    • C07K2317/00Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/70Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by effect upon binding to a cell or to an antigen
    • C07K2317/76Antagonist effect on antigen, e.g. neutralization or inhibition of binding

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of biomedicine, and in particular to an agent for treating and/or preventing the resistance of tumor cells to radiation therapy (hereinafter referred to as RT), its use, and related methods.
  • RT radiation therapy
  • RT is considered to be immunosuppressive 2fl .
  • B7-H1/PD1 pathway plays a role in tumor immunosuppression
  • B7-H1 co-suppression molecule and is a member of the family ⁇ 7, which is inducibly expressed on tumor cells, dendritic cells and macrophages 6.
  • Tumor-associated B7-H1 is involved in inducing apoptosis of tumor-reactive sputum cells and cytotoxicity of damaged CTLs 7 .
  • expression of B7-H1 on dendritic cells are thought to inhibit cell proliferation and inhibition ⁇ ⁇ 8 cells to produce cytokines.
  • PD-1 is an inducible inhibitory factor receptor expressed on activated ⁇ cells, which promotes cell ⁇ failure, and failure due to apoptosis.
  • PD-1 signaling is considered to be antigen specific ⁇ chronically infected cell failure (e.g., mice and humans LCMV HIV and HCV) adjustment factors 9--12. Markers of depleted sputum cells include proliferation function and impairment of effector function 13 .
  • Inhibition of B7-H1/PD1 signaling has been shown to restore functional sputum cell responses and delay tumor growth 14 16 ' 17 . Therefore, these evidences suggest that inhibition of B7-H1/PD-1 signaling may be of great value for the combination of design and radiation therapy. Summary of the invention
  • RT can induce the expression of B7-H1 on tumors and can induce the expression of PD-1 on sputum cells, while the expression of B7-H1 and PD-1 inhibits further resistance to tumors. Immunity and therefore Causes a recurrence of the tumor.
  • the products and methods of the present invention present a new strategy/scheme: performing radiation therapy followed by timely administration of immunotherapy and/or products that block B7-H1/PD1 signaling (eg, anti-B7-H1) Antibody), which enhances the anti-tumor therapeutic activity and achieves a beneficial therapeutic effect for cancer patients.
  • B7-H1/PD1 signaling eg, anti-B7-H1 Antibody
  • the invention relates to a composition (e.g., a pharmaceutical composition) for use in the treatment and/or prevention of resistance of a tumor cell to radiation therapy comprising an agent capable of inhibiting B7-H1/PD1 signaling.
  • a composition e.g., a pharmaceutical composition
  • an agent capable of inhibiting B7-H1/PD1 signaling comprising an agent capable of inhibiting B7-H1/PD1 signaling.
  • the agent for inhibiting B7-H1/PD1 signaling contained in the composition is an inhibitor of B7-H1 and/or PD1 activity, such as a blocking antibody of B7-H1 or PD1;
  • the inhibitor may be a blocking monoclonal antibody of B7-H1, such as monoclonal antibody 10F. 9G2 available from Bio-X cel (Wes t Lebanon, NH03784, USA).
  • the radiation therapy is single or multiple X-rays, for example 1 time, 2 times, 3 times, 4 times, 5 times, 6 times or more; preferably, in The X-ray dose used in each irradiation may be 5 Gy - 20 Gy, such as 5 - 8 Gy, 5 - 12 Gy or 5 - 15 Gy.
  • the interval between times may be one to several hours (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5,
  • the tumor can be, but is not limited to, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, bladder cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer, colon cancer, and melanoma and/or cells thereof, such as breast cancer cells (such as TUB0 cells) or Myc-Cap tumor cells Department.
  • the composition further comprises other compounds useful as chemotherapeutic agents, in particular, the other compounds include, but are not limited to: doxorubicin
  • the medicament may be in a form suitable for direct administration at a tumor site or in a form suitable for systemic administration.
  • the invention relates to a method of treating and/or preventing the resistance of a tumor cell to radiation therapy, the method comprising the steps of:
  • the method can be carried out in an animal body (including but not limited to a mammal) or in a human body, or can be carried out in vitro.
  • the agent that inhibits B7-H1/PD1 signaling contained in the administered composition is an inhibitor of B7-H1 and/or PD1 activity, such as a blocking antibody of B7-H1 or PD1;
  • the inhibitor may be a blocking monoclonal antibody of B7-H1, such as the monoclonal antibody 10F. 9G2 available from Bio-X cel (Wes t Lebanon, NH03784, USA).
  • the radiation therapy or radiation treatment experienced by the subject or cell is X-ray irradiation, such as single or multiple X-ray irradiation, such as 1 time, 2 times, 3 times, 4 times, 5 times, 6 times or more; preferably, each time
  • the X-ray dose used in the shot may be 5 Gy - 2 OGy, such as 5 - 8 Gy, 5 - 12 Gy or 5 - 15 Gy.
  • the interval between times may be one to several hours (for example, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 up to 24 hours), one to several days ( For example, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, etc.), even one to several months (for example, 2, 3 , 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12).
  • the tumor can be, but is not limited to, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, bladder cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer, colon cancer, and melanoma and/or cells thereof, such as breast cancer cells (such as TUB0 cells) or Myc-Cap tumor cell lines.
  • composition of the present invention is administered internally, for example, 1 to 8 weeks, 1 to 7 weeks, 1 to 6 weeks, 1 to 5 weeks, 1 to 4 weeks, 1 to 3 weeks, or 1 to 2 weeks.
  • the composition may be administered multiple times, for example 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or more times, and the interval between administrations may be hours, 1 day, number Day (eg 2- 30 days, 2- 25 days, 2- 20 days, 2- 15 days, 2- 14 days, 2- 13 days, 2- 12 days, 2- 11 days, 2 - 10 days, 2- 9 days, 2 - 8 days, 2 - 7 days, 2 - 6 days, 2 - 5 days, 2 - 4 days, 2 - 3 days), one to several months or longer.
  • number Day eg 2- 30 days, 2- 25 days, 2- 20 days, 2- 15 days, 2- 14 days, 2- 13 days, 2- 12 days, 2- 11 days, 2 - 10 days, 2- 9 days, 2 - 8 days, 2 - 7 days, 2 - 6 days, 2 - 5 days, 2 - 4 days, 2 - 3 days
  • the composition can be administered systemically, or the composition can be administered only at the tumor site.
  • the administered composition may further comprise other compounds useful as chemotherapeutic agents, in particular, including but not limited to: Adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, and taxane Classes [Taxol and Taxotere], capecitabine (Xeloda), gemzar (Gemzar), vinorelbine (Navelbine), tamoxifen, aromatase inhibitors (Rining, Furlong, A Nuoxin), 5-FU glycerate, campitosar, oxaliplatin, cisplatin, carboplatin, estramustine, mitoxantrone (Novant rone), prednisone, vincristine (Oncov in) and so on.
  • the methods described herein can be used in conjunction with other methods of treating and/or preventing tumors (eg, surgical, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy).
  • the invention relates to the use of an agent for inhibiting B7-H1/PD1 signaling for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment and/or prevention of resistance of a tumor cell to radiation therapy.
  • the agent that inhibits B7-H1 /PD1 signaling is an inhibitor of B7-H1 and/or PD1 activity, such as a blocking antibody of B7-H1 or PD1; in a particular embodiment, The inhibitor may be a blocking monoclonal antibody to B7-H1, such as the monoclonal antibody 10F. 9G2 available from Bio-X cel (Wes t Lebanon, NH03784, USA).
  • the radiation therapy is single or multiple X-ray irradiation, such as 1 time, 2 times, 3 times, 4 times, 5 times, 6 times or more; preferably, in The X-ray dose used in each irradiation may be 5 Gy - 20 Gy, such as 5 - 8 Gy, 5 - 12 Gy or 5 - 15 Gy.
  • the interval between times may be one to several hours (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5,
  • the tumor can be, but is not limited to, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, bladder cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer, colon cancer, and melanoma and/or cells thereof, such as breast cancer cells (such as TUB0 cells) or Myc-Cap tumor cell lines.
  • the composition further comprises a chemotherapeutic agent
  • chemotherapeutic agent include, but are not limited to: doxorubicin
  • the medicament may be in a form suitable for direct administration at a tumor site or in a form suitable for systemic administration.
  • Figure 1 shows the expression of B7-H1 and PD-1 in the tumor microenvironment after irradiation.
  • 5xl 0 5 TUB0 was injected subcutaneously in the flank of Ba lb/c mice.
  • mice were locally irradiated with 15 Gray (Gy).
  • the tumor was removed and digested to obtain a single cell suspension for staining.
  • A) B7-H1 expression on tumor cells is affected by radiation;
  • B B7-H1 expression on DCs and macrophages is altered after irradiation;
  • C irradiated and non-radiated T cells Above, PD-1 is highly expressed.
  • FIG. 2 RT caused up-regulation of B7-H1 in the Myc-Cap cell line.
  • mice 5xl 0 5 TUBO was injected subcutaneously in the flank of Ba lb/c mice. On day 14, mice were treated topically with 1 dose of 12 Gy of radiation. At 15, 18 and 21 days, with B7-H1 50 ⁇ 8 blocking the (clone 10F. 9G2) mouse monoclonal antibodies were injected intraperitoneally. Monitoring Tumor growth. detailed description
  • the term "agent for inhibiting B7-H1 / PD1 signaling” includes, within its broadest scope, any agent capable of reducing or preventing B7-H1 / PD1 signaling, including but not limited to inhibition of the coding B7-H1 Or a reagent for transcription, translation, modification of a gene of PD1, an agent that affects the activity of a B7-H1 or PD1 protein, or an agent that otherwise affects the direct or indirect interaction of B7-H1 with PD1.
  • the agent may be an agent that inhibits the activity of a B7-H1 or PD1 protein, such as a blocking antibody of B7-H1 or PD1.
  • the blocking antibody may Specific monoclonal antibodies, polyclonal antibodies, humanized antibodies, chimeric antibodies, or antigen-specific fragments thereof (eg, Fab, Fv, ScFv antibody fragments, etc.). It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that any agent capable of specifically binding to a B7-H1 or PD1 protein and affecting its function and/or structure will potentially be a "reagent for inhibiting B7-H1/PD1 signaling" of the present invention.
  • radiation therapy includes, for example, fractional radiation therapy, non-fractionated radiation therapy, and super-fractionated radiation therapy, as well as combinations of radiation and chemotherapy.
  • Types of radiation also include ionization (gamma) radiation, particle radiation, low energy transfer (LET), high energy transfer (HET), X-ray radiation, ultraviolet radiation, infrared radiation, visible light, and photosensitizing radiation.
  • the radiation therapy or radiation treatment is single or multiple X-ray irradiation, for example, 1 time, 2 times, 3 times, 4 times, 5 times, 6 times or more;
  • the X-ray dose used in each irradiation may be 5 Gy - 20 Gy, such as 5 - 8 Gy, 5 - 12 Gy or 5 - 15 Gy.
  • the interval between times may be one to several hours (for example, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 up to 24 hours), one to several days ( For example, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 days, etc., even one to several months (eg 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 , 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12).
  • chemotherapeutic agent is used interchangeably with “chemotherapeutic agent” and “agent for chemotherapy”. It includes a single active ingredient combination or a combination of multiple chemotherapeutic agents.
  • the chemotherapy may be combined with surgery or radiation therapy, or with other anti-tumor treatment forms, for example, in combination with the "reagent for inhibiting B7-H1/PD1 signaling" of the present invention. .
  • the chemotherapeutic agents include, but are not limited to, adriamycin (Adr iamyc in), cyclophosphamide and taxanes [taxol (Daxol) and docetaxel (Taxotere)], capecitabine ( Xeloda), Gemzar, Nave lbine, Tamoxifen, Aromatase Inhibitor (Rining, Furlong, Arnold), 5-FU Glycerate, Irinotecan (camptosar) ), oxaliplatin, cisplatin, carboplatin, estramustine, mitoxantrone (Novantrone), prednisone, vincristine (Oncovin), etc., or a combination thereof.
  • adriamycin Adr iamyc in
  • cyclophosphamide and taxanes [taxol (Daxol) and docetaxel (Taxotere)]
  • “resistance to radiation therapy” means that cells (e.g., tumor cells) do not lose the ability to continue to multiply and/or grow after being subjected to radiation therapy or treatment. This resistance can often result in reduced efficacy or loss of efficacy of radiation therapy for tumor treatment, which in turn causes tumor recurrence.
  • tumor refers to all malignant or benign neoplastic cell growth and proliferation, including all transformed cells and tissues and all cancers, 1" cells And organization.
  • cancer examples include, but are not limited to, carcinoma, lymphoma, blastoma, sarcoma and leukemia or lymphoid malignancies. More specific examples of such cancers include squamous cell carcinoma (for example, epithelial squamous cell carcinoma), lung cancer, including small cell lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma, peritoneal cancer, Hepatocellular carcinoma, Gastric cancer, including gastrointestinal cancer, pancreatic cancer, glioblastoma, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, liver cancer, bladder cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, breast cancer, colon cancer, rectal cancer, colorectal cancer, endometrial cancer or Uterine cancer, salivary gland cancer, kidney cancer, prostate cancer, vulvar cancer, squamous cell carcinoma, liver cancer, anal cancer, penile cancer, and head and neck cancer.
  • squamous cell carcinoma for example, epithelial squamous cell carcinoma
  • the tumor is selected from the group consisting of: breast cancer, ovarian cancer, bladder cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer, colon cancer and melanoma and/or cells thereof, such as breast cancer cells (such as TUB0 cells) or Myc- Cap tumor cell line.
  • the agent for inhibiting B7-H1/PD1 signaling of the present invention or the composition comprising the same is administered within a few weeks, for example, at 1 to 8 weeks, 1 to 7 weeks, 1 to 6 weeks, 1 to 5 weeks, 1 - 4 weeks, 1 - 3 weeks, or 1 - 2 weeks. If desired, the agent or composition may be administered multiple times, for example 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or more times, and the interval between administrations may be hours, 1 day.
  • days eg 2 - 30 days, 2 - 25 days, 2 - 20 days, 2 - 15 days, 2 - 14 days, 2 - 13 days, 2 - 12 days, 2 - 11 days, 2 - 10 days, 2- 9 days, 2 - 8 days, 2 - 7 days, 2 - 6 days, 2 - 5 days, 2 - 4 days, 2 - 3 days
  • days eg 2 - 30 days, 2 - 25 days, 2 - 20 days, 2 - 15 days, 2 - 14 days, 2 - 13 days, 2 - 12 days, 2 - 11 days, 2 - 10 days, 2- 9 days, 2 - 8 days, 2 - 7 days, 2 - 6 days, 2 - 5 days, 2 - 4 days, 2 - 3 days
  • the dosage and manner of administration of the agent or composition of the invention can be selected by the clinician according to known criteria.
  • the concentration and dosage of the agent that inhibits B7-H1/PD1 signaling administered may depend on the type of cancer to be treated, the severity and duration of the disease, the size of the tumor, the degree of metastasis, whether the purpose of the administration is prophylactic or therapeutic. , previous treatment, clinical history of the patient and response to antibodies, and judgment of the attending physician.
  • the treatment can be maintained until the desired symptoms of the disease symptoms are obtained, such as a reduction in tumor size/volume and a decrease in metastasis. Can pass The course of the treatment is monitored by conventional methods and analytical tests based on criteria known to the physician or other skilled artisan.
  • the dose administered may be from 0.1 g/kg to 100 mg/kg of the patient's body weight.
  • 0. 1 mg/kg to 20 mg/kg patient weight 1 mg/kg to 10 mg/kg patient weight.
  • human antibodies have a longer half-life in humans than antibodies from other species due to the immune response to foreign polypeptides.
  • lower doses of human antibodies and lower frequency administration are generally possible.
  • the dosage and frequency of administration can be reduced by modification, such as lipidation, enhanced antibody uptake and tissue penetration (e. g., into the brain).
  • compositions according to the invention may comprise pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, carriers, buffers, stabilizers or other materials well known to those skilled in the art. Such materials should be non-toxic and should not interfere with the efficacy of the active ingredients. Such materials may include, for example, any and all solvents, dispersion media, coatings, antibacterial and antifungal agents, isotonic and absorption delaying agents, and physiologically compatible materials and the like.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier can be, for example, water, saline, phosphate buffered saline, glucose, glycerol, ethanol, and the like, and combinations thereof.
  • isotonic agents for example, sugars, polyols such as mannitol, sorbitol, or sodium chloride in the pharmaceutical compositions.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable substance may also be a wetting agent or a minor amount of auxiliary substances such as wetting or emulsifying agents, preservatives or buffers which enhance the shelf life or utility of the antibody.
  • the precise nature of the carrier or other material will depend on the route of administration, which may be oral, topical, by inhalation or by injection, for example, intravenously.
  • the pharmaceutical composition is administered by intravenous infusion or injection.
  • the pharmaceutical composition is administered by intramuscular or subcutaneous injection.
  • the pharmaceutical composition for oral administration may be in the form of a tablet, capsule, powder or liquid, for example, an inert diluent or an assimilable edible carrier.
  • Tablet can be packaged Contains a solid carrier such as gelatin or an adjuvant.
  • Liquid pharmaceutical compositions typically comprise a liquid carrier such as water, petroleum, animal or vegetable oil, mineral oil or synthetic oil.
  • a physiological saline solution, glucose or other saccharide solution or a glycol such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol or polyethylene glycol may be included.
  • Specific binding members when needed, as well as other ingredients) may also be encapsulated in hard or soft shell gelatin capsules, compressed into tablets, or incorporated directly into the subject's diet.
  • the active ingredient may be admixed with excipients and in the form of absorbable tablets, buccal tablets, troches, capsules, elixirs, suspensions, syrups, wafers, etc.
  • the form is used.
  • the active ingredient will be in the form of a parenterally acceptable aqueous solution which is pyrogen free and has suitable pK, isotonicity and stability.
  • a parenterally acceptable aqueous solution which is pyrogen free and has suitable pK, isotonicity and stability.
  • Suitable solutions for example, using isotonic vehicles such as Sodium Chloride Injection, Ringer's Injection, Lactate Ringer's Injection.
  • Preservatives, stabilizers, buffers, antioxidants, and/or other additives may be included as needed.
  • agents or compositions of the invention may be administered simultaneously or sequentially, alone or in combination with other therapies, depending on the condition being treated.
  • the following examples are only intended to further illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention in any way. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the following specific embodiments may be modified without departing from the scope, spirit and scope of the invention as claimed.
  • Example 1 Recurrence of B7-H1 and PD-1 after high expression of RT in the tumor microenvironment after irradiation is a common problem, at least in part due to the presence of tumor cells resistant to RT in the subject and/or organization.
  • the inventors propose the relapse process, ie the development of these RT-resistant tumors may involve inhibitory molecules that inhibit T cell responses.
  • mice were injected subcutaneously in the flank of Balb/c mice 18 .
  • mice were locally irradiated with 15 Gy (Gy) using an X-ray generator (PCM 1000, Pantak).
  • PCM 1000, Pantak an X-ray generator
  • the smear is used to stain B7-H1 by standard staining method. The staining is 0. 5 g/ The monoclonal antibody 10F.
  • 9G2 of ml was purchased from Bio-X ce ll, Wes t Lebanon, NH03784, USA.
  • B7-H1 is expressed not only on tumor cells but also on dendritic cells and macrophages after irradiation (Fig. 1A and Fig. 1B).
  • the inventors also found that PD-1 is also highly expressed on infiltrating CD8+ T cells and CD4+ T cells (Fig. 10.
  • Example 2 RT causes up-regulation of B7-H1
  • tumor cells Myc-Cap prostate cancer cell line 19
  • tumor cells Myc-Cap tumor cell line
  • the irradiated tumor cells are then cultured for 24 or 48 hours. After 24 hours or 48 hours, the cells were harvested, followed by a monoclonal antibody against B7-H1 (0.5 ⁇ g/ml of antibody 10F. 9G2, purchased from Bio-X ce ll, Wes t Lebanon, NH03784, USA) the harvested cells (106 cells) stained standard. Unirradiated Myc-Cap cells were used as controls. The results show that RT significantly upregulates B7-H1 in Expression in Myc-Cap cells.
  • Example 3 Blocking of B7-H1 promotes local RT action and reduces tumor burden
  • mice were treated locally with 1 dose of 12 Gy of radiation (using X-ray generator, PCM 1000, Pantak) faced on days 15, 18 and 21, respectively, with 50 ⁇ 8 of B7-H1 blocking Monoclonal antibodies (clone 10F.9G2, purchased from Bio-X cell, West Riverside, NH03784, USA) were injected intraperitoneally with mice and tumor growth was monitored.
  • Monoclonal antibodies (clone 10F.9G2, purchased from Bio-X cell, West Riverside, NH03784, USA) were injected intraperitoneally with mice and tumor growth was monitored.
  • the results showed that although RT alone or B7-H1 blockade alone sexual monoclonal antibodies have no significant effect on tumor growth, but the combination of RT and the antibody produces a synergistic effect that effectively causes significant regression of the tumor (Figure 3).
  • TGF-beta released by apoptot ic T eel Is contributes to an immunosuppressive milieu 2001; 14: 715-725

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Abstract

本发明提供了用于治疗和/或预防肿瘤细胞对辐射疗法(radiation therapy,简称为RT)的抗性的试剂、其用途及相关方法。

Description

用于肿瘤治疗的试剂、 其用途及方法 技术领域
本发明涉及生物医学领域,特别涉及用于治疗和 /或预防肿瘤 细胞对辐射疗法(radiat ion therapy,下文中简称为 RT)的抗性的 试剂、 其用途及相关方法。 背景技术
辐射疗法的原理是基于诱导对于肿瘤细胞或肿瘤相关间质而 言致死性的 DM 损伤。 癌症患者通常在数周内每天接受低剂量 (1. 5-3Gy)的分次 RT,常常与化学疗法相结。 传统上, RT被认为是 免疫抑制性的 2fl。虽然有研究调查了局部的 RT对于肿瘤潜在的免疫 调节效果, 关于这种应答是促进还是干扰肿瘤的消退存在相互矛盾 的报导 2124
发明人最近的研究表明,局部的灼烧性 RT可以引起对于肿瘤 消退的免疫应答 L 2。 但是在 RT之后的肿瘤复发是起初的应答之 后常见的临床问题,即存在对于 RT有抗性的肿瘤和 /或肿瘤细胞。 在本发明中, 发明人显示了新的、 可与 RT协同作用的产品, 其相 应的用途和方法,以引起肿瘤、特别是对 RT有抗性的肿瘤的消退。
辐射引起先天的和获得性的免疫应答。暴露于辐射过程的肿 瘤细胞具有分泌危险性信号(例如 HMGB-1 )的能力, 所述危险性 信号与表达在树突细胞上的 TLR4 交互作用并随后促进抗原交互 呈递 3。此外,发明人之前的结果表明由辐射引起的 I型干扰素增 加所述危险信号并增加 CD8+ T细胞的交叉启动 2。 随后, 树突细胞 和吞噬凋亡肿瘤细胞的巨噬细胞迁移到淋巴结中并活化 T细胞 4。 在这些过程中, 共刺激分子增加 T细胞应答并使肿瘤生长萎缩。 相反地, 共抑制分子抑制 τ细胞应答并帮助肿瘤逃脱 5。 然而, 仍 不清楚哪些共同信号传导分子(例如, 共抑制分子)在 RT之后被 上调并抑制 τ细胞免疫性。
B7-H1/PD1通路对肿瘤免疫抑制起作用
B7-H1是共抑制分子并且是 Β7家族的成员, 它在肿瘤细胞、 树突细胞和巨噬细胞上被诱导性地表达 6。 与肿瘤相关的 B7-H1 涉及诱导肿瘤反应性 Τ细胞的凋亡和损伤 CTL的细胞毒性 7。与此 同时, 表达在树突细胞上的 B7-H1被认为抑制 Τ细胞的增殖及抑 制 Τ细胞产生细胞因子 8。 PD-1是可诱导地表达在活化的 Τ细胞 上的抑制因子受体, 它促进 Τ 细胞的失效、 凋亡和衰竭 5。 PD-1 信号传导被认为是慢性感染中抗原特异性 Τ细胞衰竭 (例如小鼠 中的 LCMV和人中的 HIV和 HCV ) 的调节因子 912。 衰竭的 Τ细胞 的标志包括增殖功能和效应因子功能的损伤 13。 数篇文献已经显 示了 B7-H1 /PD1通路对于癌症中的 Τ细胞衰竭起作用 14。 已显 示抑制 B7-H1 /PD1信号传导可以回复有功能的 Τ细胞应答并延緩 肿瘤的生长 14 16'17。 因此, 这些证据表明抑制 B7-H1 /PD-1信号传 导有可能对于设计与辐射疗法的联合用药是有重要价值的。 发明内容
发明人的研究已经显示其最近开发的方案,即局部高剂量的 辐射疗法可以减少肿瘤负荷并增加抗肿瘤的免疫性,但是肿瘤的 复发经常发生,即在辐射疗法之后存在对 RT有抗性的肿瘤细胞或 组织, 这些肿瘤细胞或组织能够进一步发展为肿瘤或者具有发展 为肿瘤的潜力。 现在, 发明人惊讶地发现了 RT 可以诱导 B7-H1 在肿瘤上的表达并且能够诱导 PD-1在 Τ细胞上的表达, 而所述 B7-H1和 PD-1的表达会抑制抵抗肿瘤的进一步的免疫性并会因此 导致肿瘤的复发。然而,通过在 RT之后使用阻断 B7-H1 /PD1信号 传导的免疫疗法和 /或产品,可以减少由 RT诱导的免疫抑制(即减 少肿瘤细胞对 RT的抗性)并增强宿主抵抗肿瘤的免疫性。 因此, 本发明的产品和方法呈现了一种新的策略 /方案: 即进行辐射治 疗,然后及时地施用阻断 B7-H1/PD1信号传导的免疫疗法和 /或产 品 (例如, 抗 B7-H1抗体) , 这样可以增强抗肿瘤的治疗活性并 实现对于癌症患者有益的治疗效果。
因此,在一个方面,本发明涉及用于治疗和 /或预防肿瘤细胞 对辐射疗法的抗性的组合物 (例如药物组合物) , 其包含能够抑 制 B7-H1 /PD1信号传导的试剂。
在一个实施方式中, 所述组合物中包含的抑制 B7-H1/PD1信 号传导的试剂是 B7-H1和 /或 PD1活性的抑制剂, 例如 B7-H1或 PD1的阻断抗体; 在特别的实施方式中,所述抑制剂可以是 B7-H1 的阻断性单克隆抗体, 例如购自 Bio-X ce l l (Wes t Lebanon, NH03784, USA)的单克隆抗体 10F. 9G2。
在本发明的一些实施方式中, 所述辐射疗法是单次或多次 X 射线照射, 例如 1次、 2次、 3次、 4次、 5次、 6次或更多次; 优选地, 在每次照射中所使用的 X射线剂量可以为 5Gy - 20Gy, 例如 5 - 8Gy、 5 - 12Gy或 5 - 15Gy。 特别地, 当施用多次 X射线 照射时, 各次之间的间隔可以是一至数小时(例如, 2、 3、 4、 5、
6、 7、 8、 9直至 24小时) , 一至数天(例如, 2、 3、 4、 5、 6、
7、 8、 9, 10, 11, 12 , 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 天等) , 甚至一至数月 (例如 2、 3、 4、 5、 6、 7、 8、 9, 10, 11, 12 )等。
在另外的实施方式中, 所述肿瘤可以是但不限于: 乳腺癌、 卵巢癌、 膀胱癌、 肺癌、 前列腺癌、 胰腺癌、 结肠癌和黑素瘤和 / 或其细胞, 例如乳腺癌细胞 (如 TUB0细胞)或 Myc-Cap肿瘤细胞 系。
在某些实施方式中, 所述组合物进一步包含可用作化疗剂的 其它化合物, 特别地, 所述其它化合物包括但不限于: 阿霉素
(Adr iamycin)、环磷酰胺和紫杉烷类 [紫杉醇(Taxo l) 和多西他赛 (Taxotere) ]、卡培他滨(Xe loda)、 吉西他滨(Gemzar)、 长春瑞滨 (Navelbine)、他莫昔芬、芳香酶抑制剂(瑞宁得、弗隆、阿诺新)、 5-FU加亚叶酸、 伊立替康(camptosar)、 奥沙利铂、 顺铂、 卡铂、 雌莫司汀、米托蒽醌(Novantrone)、 泼尼松、 长春新碱(Oncovin) 等。
在其它的实施方式中, 所述药物可以是适于直接施用在肿瘤 位点的形式或者是适于全身性施用的形式。
在另一个方面,本发明涉及治疗和 /或预防肿瘤细胞对辐射疗 法的抗性的方法, 所述方法包括下列步骤:
向有需要的受试者或细胞施用包含能够抑制 B7-H1/PD1信号 传导的试剂的药物组合物; 其中所述受试者患有肿瘤并且经受过 辐射治疗, 而所述细胞为经受过辐射处理的肿瘤细胞。
所述方法可以在动物体(包括但不限于哺乳动物)或人体中 进行, 也可以在体外进行。
在一个实施方式中, 所施用的组合物中包含的抑制 B7-H1/PD1信号传导的试剂是 B7-H1和 /或 PD1活性的抑制剂,例 如 B7-H1或 PD1的阻断抗体; 在特别的实施方式中, 所述抑制剂 可以是 B7-H1的阻断性单克隆抗体, 例如购自 Bio-X ce l l (Wes t Lebanon, NH03784, USA)的单克隆抗体 10F. 9G2。
在其它的实施方式中, 所述受试者或细胞所经受的辐射疗法 或辐射处理是 X射线照射, 例如单次或多次 X射线照射, 例如 1 次、 2次、 3次、 4次、 5次、 6次或更多次; 优选地, 在每次照 射中所使用的 X射线剂量可以为 5Gy - 2 OGy,例如 5 - 8Gy、 5 - 12Gy 或 5- 15Gy。 特别地, 当施用多次 X射线照射时, 各次之间的间 隔可以是一至数小时 (例如, 2、 3、 4、 5、 6、 7、 8、 9 直至 24 小时) , 一至数天(例如, 2、 3、 4、 5、 6、 7、 8、 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19天等) , 甚至一至数月 (例如 2、 3、 4、 5、 6、 7、 8、 9, 10, 11, 12) 。
在另外的实施方式中, 所述肿瘤可以是但不限于: 乳腺癌、 卵巢癌、 膀胱癌、 肺癌、 前列腺癌、 胰腺癌、 结肠癌和黑素瘤和 / 或其细胞, 例如乳腺癌细胞 (如 TUB0细胞)或 Myc-Cap肿瘤细胞 系。
在一些实施方式中, 在辐射治疗或辐射处理后的数小时 (例 如 10- 48小时) 、 数天(例如 1、 2、 3、 4、 5、 6、 7、 8、 9天) 或数周内施用本发明的所述组合物, 例如 1 - 8周, 1 - 7周, 1 - 6周, 1 - 5周, 1- 4周, 1 - 3周, 或 1 - 2周内。 需要时, 可以 多次施用所述组合物, 例如 2次, 3次, 4次, 5次, 6次或更多 次, 并且各次施用之间的间隔时间可以是数小时, 1天, 数天(例 如 2- 30天, 2- 25天, 2- 20天, 2- 15天, 2- 14天, 2- 13 天, 2- 12天, 2- 11天, 2 - 10天, 2- 9天, 2- 8天, 2- 7天, 2 - 6天, 2- 5天, 2- 4天, 2- 3天) , 一至数月或更长时间。
在另一些实施方式中, 可以全身性地施用所述组合物, 或仅 在肿瘤位点处施用所述组合物。
在某些实施方式中, 所施用的组合物可进一步包含可用作化 疗剂的其它化合物, 特别地, 所述其它化合物包括但不限于: 阿 霉素(Adriamycin)、环磷酰胺和紫杉烷类 [紫杉醇(Taxol) 和多西 他赛(Taxotere) ]、卡培他滨(Xeloda)、 吉西他滨(Gemzar)、 长春 瑞滨(Navelbine)、 他莫昔芬、 芳香酶抑制剂 (瑞宁得、 弗隆、 阿 诺新) 、 5-FU 加亚叶酸、 伊立替康(camptosar)、 奥沙利铂、 顺 铂、 卡铂、 雌莫司汀、 米托蒽醌(Novant rone)、 泼尼松、 长春新 碱(Oncov in)等。 备选地, 本发明所述的方法可与治疗和 /或预防 肿瘤的其它方法 (例如, 手术治疗、 化学疗法或辐射疗法联合使 用) 。
在又一个方面, 本发明涉及抑制 B7-H1 /PD1信号传导的试剂 用于制备药物的用途,所述药物用于治疗和 /或预防肿瘤细胞对辐 射疗法的抗性。
在一个实施方式中, 所述抑制 B7-H1 /PD1信号传导的试剂是 B7-H1和 /或 PD1活性的抑制剂, 例如 B7-H1或 PD1的阻断抗体; 在特别的实施方式中, 所述抑制剂可以是 B7-H1的阻断性单克隆 抗体, 例如购自 Bio-X ce l l (Wes t Lebanon, NH03784, USA)的单 克隆抗体 10F. 9G2。
在本发明另外的实施方式中, 所述辐射疗法是单次或多次 X 射线照射, 例如 1次、 2次、 3次、 4次、 5次、 6次或更多次; 优选地, 在每次照射中所使用的 X射线剂量可以为 5Gy - 20Gy, 例如 5 - 8Gy、 5 - 12Gy或 5 - 15Gy。 特别地, 当施用多次 X射线 照射时, 各次之间的间隔可以是一至数小时(例如, 2、 3、 4、 5、
6、 7、 8、 9直至 24小时) , 一至数天(例如, 2、 3、 4、 5、 6、
7、 8、 9, 10, 11, 12 , 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 天等) , 甚至一至数月 (例如 2、 3、 4、 5、 6、 7、 8、 9, 10, 11, 12 )等。
在其它的实施方式中, 所述肿瘤可以是但不限于: 乳腺癌、 卵巢癌、 膀胱癌、 肺癌、 前列腺癌、 胰腺癌、 结肠癌和黑素瘤和 / 或其细胞, 例如乳腺癌细胞 (如 TUB0细胞)或 Myc-Cap肿瘤细胞 系。
在某些实施方式中, 所述组合物进一步包含可用作化疗剂的 其它化合物, 特别地, 所述其它化合物包括但不限于: 阿霉素
(Adr iamycin)、环磷酰胺和紫杉烷类 [紫杉醇(Taxo l) 和多西他赛 (Taxotere) ]、卡培他滨(Xe loda)、 吉西他滨(Gemzar)、 长春瑞滨 (Navelbine)、他莫昔芬、芳香酶抑制剂(瑞宁得、弗隆、阿诺新)、 5-FU加亚叶酸、 伊立替康(camptosar)、 奥沙利铂、 顺铂、 卡铂、 雌莫司汀、米托蒽醌(Novantrone)、 泼尼松、 长春新碱(Oncovin) 等。
在其它的实施方式中, 所述药物可以是适于直接施用在肿瘤 位点的形式或者是适于全身性施用的形式。 附图说明
图 1显示了辐射之后, B7-H1和 PD-1在肿瘤微环境中的表达。 在 Ba lb/c小鼠的胁腹中皮下注射 5xl 05 TUB0。 在第 14天, 以 15 格雷(Gy)局部辐射小鼠。 在第 28天, 取出肿瘤并消化以得 到单细胞悬浮液用于染色。 (A) B7-H1 在肿瘤细胞上的表达受到 辐射的影响; (B) B7-H1 在 DC 和巨噬细胞上的表达在辐射后被改 变;(C)经辐射和不经辐射的 T细胞上, PD-1均高度表达。
图 2: RT在 Myc-Cap细胞系中引起 B7-H1的上调。 A. RT后 B7-H1 的表达。 用 0、 4和 8Gy辐射肿瘤细胞(Myc-Cap肿瘤细胞系)。 然 后培养经辐射的肿瘤细胞 24或 48小时。 24小时或 48小时后,收 获细胞,然后用抗 B7-H1 单克隆抗体染色。 未经辐射的 Myc-Cap 细胞用作对照。
图 3: 阻断 B7-H1改善了辐射疗法。
在 Ba lb/c小鼠的胁腹中皮下注射 5xl 05 TUBO。 在第 14天,用 1剂量 12 Gy的辐射局部处理小鼠。 在第 15、 18和 21天,用 50μ8 的 B7-H1 阻断单克隆抗体(克隆 10F. 9G2)腹膜内注射小鼠。 监测 肿瘤的生长。 具体实施方式
在本申请中, 术语 "抑制 B7-H1 /PD1信号传导的试剂" 在其 最广泛的范围内包括任何能够降低或阻止 B7-H1 /PD1信号传导的 试剂, 包括但不限于抑制编码 B7-H1或 PD1的基因的转录、翻译、 修饰的试剂、 影响 B7-H1或 PD1蛋白的活性的试剂、 或者以其它 方式影响 B7-H1与 PD1的直接或间接相互作用的试剂。 在本发明 的某些实施方式中, 所述试剂可以是抑制 B7-H1或 PD1蛋白活性 的试剂, 例如 B7-H1或 PD1的阻断抗体, 在特别的实施方式中, 所述阻断抗体可以是特异性的单克隆抗体、 多克隆抗体、 人源化 抗体、 嵌合抗体、 或其抗原特异性片段(例如 Fab、 Fv、 ScFv抗 体片段等)。 本领域技术人员将明了,任何能够特异性结合 B7-H1 或 PD1蛋白,并且影响其功能和 /或结构的试剂都将潜在地作为本 发明的 "抑制 B7-H1 /PD1信号传导的试剂" 。
在本申请中, 术语 "辐射疗法" 或 "辐射处理" 包括例如, 分次辐射治疗、 非分次辐射治疗和超分次辐射治疗, 以及辐射与 化学治疗的组合。 辐射的类型还包括电离 ( γ )辐射、 粒子辐射、 低能量传递(LET ) 、 高能量传递(HET ) 、 X 射线辐射、 紫外辐 射、 红外辐射、 可见光、 和光敏化辐射等。
在本发明的一种实施方式中, 所述辐射疗法或辐射处理是单 次或多次 X射线照射, 例如 1次、 2次、 3次、 4次、 5次、 6次 或更多次;优选地,在每次照射中所使用的 X射线剂量可以为 5Gy - 20Gy, 例如 5 - 8Gy、 5 - 12Gy或 5 - 15Gy。 特别地, 当施用多 次 X射线照射时, 各次之间的间隔可以是一至数小时 (例如, 2、 3、 4、 5、 6、 7、 8、 9直至 24小时) , 一至数天(例如, 2、 3、 4、 5、 6、 7、 8、 9, 10, 11, 12 , 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 天等) , 甚至一至数月 (例如 2、 3、 4、 5、 6、 7、 8、 9, 10, 11, 12 ) 。
在本申请中, "化疗剂" 与 "化学治疗剂" 、 "用于化学治疗 的试剂" 可互换地使用。 其包括单一活性成分的组合物或者多种 化学治疗剂的组合。 在需要治疗的受试者中, 化学治疗可以与手 术治疗或者辐射治疗组合, 或者与其他抗肿瘤治疗形式组合, 例 如, 可与本发明的 "抑制 B7-H1/PD1信号传导的试剂"组合使用。 特别地, 所述化疗剂包括但不限于: 阿霉素(Adr iamyc in)、 环磷 酰胺和紫杉烷类 [紫杉醇(Taxo l) 和多西他赛(Taxotere) ]、 卡培 他滨(Xeloda)、 吉西他滨(Gemzar)、 长春瑞滨(Nave lbine)、他莫 昔芬、 芳香酶抑制剂(瑞宁得、 弗隆、 阿诺新)、 5-FU加亚叶酸、 伊立替康(camptosar)、 奥沙利铂、 顺铂、 卡铂、 雌莫司汀、 米托 蒽醌(Novantrone)、 泼尼松、 长春新碱(Oncovin)等, 或它们的组 合。
在本发明的情境中, "对辐射疗法的抗性" 指细胞(例如肿 瘤细胞)在经受辐射治疗或处理后没有丧失继续繁殖和 /或生长的 能力。 这种抗性通常可导致辐射疗法对于肿瘤治疗的效力降低或 效力丧失, 进而引起肿瘤的复发。
在本发明的情境中, "肿瘤" 、 "癌" 或者 "过度增殖性疾 病" 是指所有恶性或良性的瘤性细胞生长和增殖, 包括所有转化 的细胞和组织和所有癌,1"生细胞和组织。
癌症的实例包括, 但不限于, 癌、 淋巴瘤、 胚细胞瘤、 肉瘤 和白血病或者淋巴恶性肿瘤。 此类癌症的更具体的实例包括鳞状 细胞癌 (例如, 上皮鳞状细胞癌) 、 肺癌, 包括小细胞肺癌、 非 小细胞肺癌、 肺的腺癌和肺的鳞状细胞癌、 腹膜癌、 肝细胞癌、 胃癌, 包括胃肠癌、 胰腺癌、 成胶质细胞瘤、 子宫颈癌、 卵巢癌、 肝癌、 膀胱癌、 肝细胞瘤、 乳腺癌、 结肠癌、 直肠癌、 结肠直肠 癌、 子宫内膜癌或者子宫癌、 唾液腺癌、 肾癌、 前列腺癌、 外阴 癌、 曱状腺癌、 肝癌、 肛门癌、 阴茎癌, 以及头颈癌。 癌症的其 他实例在下面的 "过度增殖性疾病" 中列出。 特别地, 所述肿瘤 选自: 乳腺癌、 卵巢癌、 膀胱癌、 肺癌、 前列腺癌、 胰腺癌、 结 肠癌和黑素瘤和 /或其细胞, 例如乳腺癌细胞(如 TUB0细胞)或 Myc-Cap肿瘤细胞系。
在本发明的一些实施方式中, 在辐射治疗或辐射处理后的数 小时 (例如 10- 48小时) 、 数天(例如 1、 2、 3、 4、 5、 6、 7、 8、 9天)或数周内施用本发明的抑制 B7-H1/PD1信号传导的试剂 或包含此试剂的组合物, 例如在 1- 8周, 1 - 7周, 1- 6周, 1 - 5周, 1 -4周, 1 - 3周, 或 1 - 2周内。 需要时, 可以多次施 用所述试剂或组合物, 例如 2次, 3次, 4次, 5次, 6次或更多 次, 并且各次施用之间的间隔时间可以是数小时, 1天, 数天(例 如 2- 30天, 2- 25天, 2- 20天, 2- 15天, 2- 14天, 2- 13 天, 2- 12天, 2- 11天, 2 - 10天, 2- 9天, 2- 8天, 2- 7天, 2 - 6天, 2- 5天, 2- 4天, 2- 3天) , 一至数月或更长时间。
对于预防或治疗所述对辐射治疗的抗性, 施用本发明的试剂 或组合物的剂量和方式可以由临床医师根据已知的标准选择。 所 施用的抑制 B7-H1/PD1信号传导的试剂的浓度、 剂量可以取决于 待治疗的癌症类型、 疾病的严重性和病程、 肿瘤大小、 转移程度、 施用的目的是预防性的还是治疗性的、 先前的治疗、 患者的临床 病史及对抗体的应答、 以及主治医师的判断。 对于持续几天或更 长时间的重复施用, 根据情况, 可以维持该治疗直到疾病症状获 得期望的抑制,例如肿瘤大小 /体积的减小和转移的减小。可以通 过常规方法和分析试验, 基于医师或本领域其它技术人员已知的 标准, 监测该治疗的过程。
特别地,对于抗体而言,施用的剂量可以是 0. l g/kg到 100 mg/kg患者体重。 例如 0. 1 mg/kg 到 20 mg/kg患者体重, 1 mg/kg 到 10 mg/kg患者体重。 通常, 由于对外来多肽的免疫反应, 人抗 体在人体中比来自其他物种的抗体有更长的半寿期。 从而, 较低 剂量的人抗体和较低频率的施用通常是可能的。此外,通过修饰, 如脂化, 增强抗体的摄入和组织穿透 (例如, 进入脑) 可以减少 抗体的剂量和施用频率。
根据本发明的药物组合物可以包含药学上可接受的赋形剂、 载体、 緩冲质、 稳定剂或本领域技术人员公知的其他材料。 此类 材料应当是非毒性的并且不应干扰活性成分的功效。 此类材料可 以包括, 例如任何一种和所有溶剂、 分散介质、 包衣、 抗细菌剂 和抗真菌剂、 等渗剂和吸收延迟剂以及生理学相容的物质等。 药 学上可接受的载体可以是例如水、 盐水、 磷酸盐緩冲盐水、 葡萄 糖、 甘油、 乙醇等, 以及其组合。 在许多情况下, 所述药物组合 物中可以包括等渗剂, 例如糖, 多元醇如甘露醇、 山梨糖醇, 或 氯化钠将是优选的。 药学上可接受的物质的还可以是湿润剂或少 量辅助物质例如湿润剂或乳化剂、 防腐剂或緩冲质, 其增强抗体 的保存期或效用。载体或其他材料的精确性质将取决于施用途径, 所述施用途径可以是口服、 局部、 通过吸入或通过注射, 例如静 脉内。 在一个实施方案中, 所述药物组合物通过静脉内输注或注 射进行施用。 在另一优选实施方案中, 所述药物组合物通过肌内 或皮下注射进行施用。
用于口服施用的药物组合物可以是片剂、 胶嚢、 粉剂或液体 形式, 例如含有惰性稀释剂或可同化的可食用载体。 片剂可以包 含固体载体例如明胶或佐剂。 液体药物组合物一般包含液体载体 例如水、 石油、 动物或植物油、 矿物油或合成油。 可以包括生理 盐水溶液、 葡萄糖或其他糖类溶液或者二醇例如乙二醇、 丙二醇 或聚乙二醇。 特异性结合成员 (需要时, 以及其他成分)还可包 封在硬或软壳明胶胶嚢内, 压缩成片剂, 或直接掺入受试者饮食 中。 对于口服治疗施用, 活性成分可以与赋形剂相掺合, 并以可 吸收的片剂、 颊含片剂、 锭剂、 胶嚢、 酏剂、 悬浮液、 糖浆剂、 糯米纸嚢剂等的形式进行使用。 为了通过除肠胃外施用以外的其 他方式施用本发明的化合物, 可能必需用防止其失活的材料包被 所述化合物或将所述化合物与所述材料共施用。
对于静脉内注射, 或在痛苦部位 (例如肿瘤部位) 注射, 活 性成分将是肠胃外可接受的水溶液的形式, 其是无热原的并且具 有合适的 pK、 等渗性和稳定性。 本领域相关技术人员将能够容易 地例如使用等渗媒介物例如氯化钠注射液、 林格注射液、 乳酸盐 林格注射液来制备合适的溶液。 需要时, 可以包括防腐剂、 稳定 剂、 緩沖质、 抗氧化剂和 /或其他添加剂。
本发明的试剂或组合物可以单独地或与其他治疗相组合地同 时或顺次施用, 这取决于被治疗的病状。 下面的实施例仅用于进一步阐释本发明的内容, 而不意欲在 任何方面限制本发明。 本领域技术人员将领会, 可对下述具体实 施方式进行修饰而仍不偏离所附的权利要求所要求保护的本发明 的范围、 精神和主旨。
在下面的所有实施例中, 如无特别声明, 均采用本领域技术 人员惯常所用的方法、 仪器、 试剂和实验方案等。 实施例 1 辐射后 B7-H1和 PD-1在肿瘤微环境中高度表达 RT之后的复发是一个普遍的问题, 这至少一部分是由于受试 者中存在对 RT有抗性的肿瘤细胞和 /或组织。 发明人提出所述复 发过程,即这些对 RT有抗性的肿瘤的发展可能涉及抑制 T细胞应 答的抑制性分子。 为了研究 RT是否诱导 B7-H1/PD-1的表达, 发 明人对肿瘤细胞、 树突细胞和巨噬细胞上的 B7-H1进行了染色, 并对 CD4+T细胞和 CD8+ T细胞上的 PD-1进行了染色。 实验过程简 述如下:在 Balb/c小鼠的胁腹中皮下注射 5xl 05 TUB0肿瘤细胞(源 自 Ba lb/c Her2/neu转基因小鼠的乳腺癌细胞) 18。 在第 14天, 利 用 X-射线发生器 (PCM 1000, Pantak ) 以 15格雷(Gy)局部辐射 小鼠。 在第 28天, 取出肿瘤, 并用 0. 2 mg/ml 的胶原酶消化 30 分钟, 以得到单细胞悬浮液用于通过标准染色方法对 B7-H1进行 染色, 染色使用的是 0. 5 g/ml的单克隆抗体 10F. 9G2, 所述抗 体购自 Bio-X ce l l, Wes t Lebanon, NH03784, USA。
发明人发现, 辐射之后 B7-H1不仅在肿瘤细胞上表达, 也在 树突细胞和巨噬细胞上表达(图 1A和图 1B )。发明人还发现 PD-1 也在浸润的 CD8+T细胞和 CD4+T细胞上高度表达(图 10。 实施例 2 RT引起 B7-H1的上调
为了研究 RT是否能够诱导 B7-H1在肿瘤细胞(Myc-Cap前列 腺癌细胞系 19)上的表达,用 0、 4和 8Gy辐射肿瘤细胞(Myc-Cap 肿瘤细胞系)。 然后培养经辐射的肿瘤细胞 24或 48小时。 24小 时或 48小时后,收获细胞, 随后用抗 B7-H1的单克隆抗体(0. 5 μ g/ml的抗体 10F. 9G2 ,购自 Bio-X ce l l, Wes t Lebanon, NH03784, USA)对所收获的细胞(106个细胞)进行标准染色。 将未经辐射的 Myc-Cap 细胞用作对照。 结果表明, RT 显著地上调了 B7-H1 在 Myc-Cap细胞中的表达。 实施例 3 抗 B7-H1的阻断促进了局部的 RT作用并減少肿瘤 负荷
为了测试 RT介导的 B7-H1是否损伤获得性免疫应答,在进行 RT的同时, 阻断 B7-H1/PD1信号传导通路。 在 Balb/c小鼠的胁 腹中皮下注射 5xl05 TUB0。 在第 14天,用 1剂量 12 Gy的辐射局 部处理小鼠(使用 X-射线发生器, PCM 1000, Pantak)„ 在第 15、 18 和 21 天,分别用 50μ8 的 B7-H1 阻断性单克隆抗体(克隆 10F.9G2, 购自 Bio-X cell, West Lebanon, NH03784, USA)腹膜 内注射小鼠, 并监测肿瘤的生长。 结果显示, 虽然单独的 RT或单 独的 B7-H1阻断性单克隆抗体对于肿瘤的生长没有很大的影响, 但是 RT与所述抗体的组合产生了协同作用的效果,有效地引起了 肿瘤的显著消退(图 3)。 参考文献:
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Claims

权 利 要 求
1. 抑制 B7-H1/PD1 信号传导的试剂用于制备药物的用途, 所述药物用于治疗和 /或预防肿瘤细胞对辐射疗法的抗性。
2. 权利要求 1中所述的用途, 其中所述抑制 B7-H1/PD1信号 传导的试剂是 B7-H1和 /或 PD1活性的抑制剂,例如 B7-H1或 PD1 的阻断抗体。
3. 权利要求 1 - 2 中任一项所述的用途, 其中所述抑制 B7-H1/PD1信号传导的试剂为 B7-H1 活性的抑制剂, 例如 B7-H1 的阻断性抗体 (例如 B7-H1的单克隆抗体) 。
4. 权利要求 1 - 3 中任一项所述的用途, 其中所述辐射疗法 是 X射线照射,例如单次或多次 X射线照射, 例如 1次、 2次、 3 次、 4次、 5次、 6次或更多次; 优选地, 在每次照射中所使用的 X射线剂量为 5Gy- 20Gy, 例如 5- 8Gy、 5 - 12Gy或 5 - 15Gy。
5. 权利要求 1 - 4 中任一项所述的用途, 其中所述肿瘤可以 是: 乳腺癌、 卵巢癌、 膀胱癌、 肺癌、 前列腺癌、 胰腺癌、 结肠 癌和黑素瘤和 /或其细胞, 例如乳腺癌细胞(如 TUB0细胞)或前 列腺癌细胞(如 Myc-Cap前列腺癌细胞系) 。
6. 权利要求 1 - 5 中任一项所述的用途, 其中所述药物进一 步包含可用作化疗剂的其它化合物。
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US9920123B2 (en) 2008-12-09 2018-03-20 Genentech, Inc. Anti-PD-L1 antibodies, compositions and articles of manufacture
US10344090B2 (en) 2013-12-12 2019-07-09 Shanghai Hangrui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. PD-1 antibody, antigen-binding fragment thereof, and medical application thereof
US11365255B2 (en) 2013-12-12 2022-06-21 Suzhou Suncadia Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd. PD-1 antibody, antigen-binding fragment thereof, and medical application thereof
EP3157629B1 (en) 2014-06-17 2022-10-05 MedImmune Limited Methods of cancer treatment with antagonists against pd-1 and pd-l1 in combination with radiation therapy

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