WO2014117371A1 - 一种过程控制方法、装置和系统 - Google Patents
一种过程控制方法、装置和系统 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014117371A1 WO2014117371A1 PCT/CN2013/071220 CN2013071220W WO2014117371A1 WO 2014117371 A1 WO2014117371 A1 WO 2014117371A1 CN 2013071220 W CN2013071220 W CN 2013071220W WO 2014117371 A1 WO2014117371 A1 WO 2014117371A1
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- control
- process parameters
- control variable
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- correction value
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B11/00—Automatic controllers
- G05B11/01—Automatic controllers electric
- G05B11/36—Automatic controllers electric with provision for obtaining particular characteristics, e.g. proportional, integral, differential
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/33—Director till display
- G05B2219/33221—Drives, servo units, sensors, motors, on local network, ethernet, tcp-ip, wireless
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/37—Measurements
- G05B2219/37494—Intelligent sensor, data handling incorporated in sensor
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of control technology, and in particular, to a process control method, apparatus and system. Background technique
- wireless sensors in process control are readily apparent in the art. For example, quick installation, saving on wiring costs (up to $40 per foot line), etc.
- application environments such as pharmaceutical processing, petrochemical processing, algae cultivation, and indoor temperature control are exemplary applications of wireless sensors in process control.
- Wireless sensors are typically powered by batteries that have a limited service life. Depending on the operating conditions of the sensor, battery life is usually several months or years. The communication process between the wireless sensor and the process control system consumes most of the power. Therefore, longer communication intervals maximize battery life and reduce sensor repair and maintenance.
- Siemens Wireless Temperature Transmitter SITRANS TF280 Wireless HART
- the transmission rate can be adjusted from 8 seconds to 255 seconds, with a factory setting of 60 seconds.
- a well-adjusted PI controller may need to be re-adjusted when switching from a wired sensor to a wireless sensor, or changing the transmission interval.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of control performance comparison of two wireless transmission intervals according to the prior art.
- the control performance for the two wireless transmission intervals is compared in Figure 1.
- the output of the same PI controller is shown as a dashed line. If the transmission interval is 2 seconds, the process exhibits good control performance (curve 1). If the user attempts to increase the transmission interval to 20 seconds to improve battery service life (curve 2), control performance will deteriorate as large overshoots occur and transition times become longer.
- the workflow of most wireless sensors includes: Giving measurements, sending measurements to the control system, and entering sleep mode to conserve energy.
- multiple measurements can be taken between data transmission processes of wireless sensors to improve process control robustness, but these data cannot be effectively utilized to improve control performance. For example, even if the average value of the process variable is sent to the control system in the prior art, the multiple measurements between the transmission processes of the wireless sensor are not Have been used effectively. Summary of the invention
- Embodiments of the present invention propose a process control system to improve control performance.
- Embodiments of the present invention propose a process control method to improve control performance.
- Embodiments of the present invention propose a wireless sensor to improve control performance.
- Embodiments of the present invention propose a controller to improve control performance.
- a process control system includes a wireless sensor and a controller, wherein:
- the wireless sensor is configured to collect process parameters of the production process according to the sampling frequency, obtain a control quantity correction value according to the process parameters collected in the data collection period, and calculate the collected process parameters and the calculated control quantity correction value according to the transmission frequency. Transmitted to the controller, wherein the sampling frequency is higher than the transmission frequency;
- a controller configured to calculate a control variable initial value according to a process parameter sent by the wireless sensor, and obtain a control variable value according to the control variable initial value and the control amount correction value sent by the wireless sensor, and control the value by using the control variable value production process.
- a wireless sensor configured to send the process parameter collected at the time of transmission and the calculated control amount correction value to the controller according to the transmission frequency, or calculate an average value of the process parameters collected in the data transmission period according to the transmission frequency, and the calculated The control amount correction value is sent to the controller.
- the wireless sensor is configured to subtract each process parameter collected in the data collection period from the process parameter sent by the previous data transmission period, and then sum each difference to obtain the control quantity correction value.
- a process control system includes a wireless sensor and a controller, wherein:
- a wireless sensor configured to collect process parameters of the production process according to the sampling frequency, and send the collected process parameters to the controller according to the transmission frequency, wherein the sampling frequency is higher than the transmission frequency;
- the controller is configured to obtain a control quantity correction value according to the process parameter collected by the wireless sensor in the data collection period, calculate an initial value of the control variable according to the process parameter sent by the wireless sensor, and acquire the control according to the initial value of the control variable and the correction quantity of the control quantity A variable value, and the production process is controlled using the control variable value.
- the controller is configured to calculate an initial value of the control variable according to a process parameter collected by the wireless sensor at the time of transmission, or calculate an initial value of the control variable according to an average value of the process parameter collected by the wireless sensor during the data transmission period.
- the controller is configured to subtract the process parameters sent by the wireless sensor in the data collection period from the process parameters sent by the previous data transmission period, and then sum the respective differences to obtain the control quantity correction value.
- a process control method comprising: The process parameters of the production process are collected according to the sampling frequency, the control quantity correction value is obtained according to the process parameters collected in the data collection period, and the collected process parameters and the calculated control quantity correction values are wirelessly transmitted according to the transmission frequency, wherein The sampling frequency is higher than the transmission frequency;
- the initial value of the control variable is calculated based on the process parameters received by the wireless method, and the control variable value is obtained based on the initial value of the control variable and the control amount correction value received by the wireless mode, and the production process is controlled by the control variable value.
- Transmitting, by the transmission frequency, the collected process parameter and the calculated control quantity correction value according to the transmission frequency including: transmitting the process parameter collected at the transmission time and the calculated control quantity correction value by using a wireless manner according to the transmission frequency; or The average value of the process parameters collected during the data transmission period and the calculated control amount correction value are wirelessly transmitted according to the transmission frequency.
- the obtaining the control quantity correction value according to the process parameter collected in the data collection period includes:
- the process parameters sent in the previous data transmission cycle are respectively subtracted from the process parameters collected in the data acquisition cycle, and the respective differences are summed to obtain the control amount correction value.
- a process control method comprising:
- the control variable value is obtained according to the control variable initial value and the control amount correction value, and the production process is controlled by the control variable value.
- the initial value of the control variable calculated by the process parameter received according to the wireless manner includes:
- the initial value of the control variable is calculated by using the process parameters collected at the time of transmission, or the initial value of the control variable is calculated by using the average of the process parameters collected during the data transmission period.
- the obtaining the control quantity correction value by using the process parameter included in the data collection period includes:
- the process parameters sent in the previous data transmission cycle are respectively subtracted from the process parameters collected in the data acquisition cycle, and the respective differences are summed to obtain the control amount correction value.
- a wireless sensor includes a process parameter acquisition unit, a control quantity correction value acquisition unit, and a wireless transmission unit, wherein the process parameter acquisition unit is configured to collect process parameters according to the sampling frequency;
- control quantity correction value obtaining unit configured to acquire a control quantity correction value according to the process parameter collected in the data collection period
- wireless transmission unit configured to send the collected process parameters and the calculated control amount correction values to the controller according to the transmission frequency
- sampling frequency is higher than the transmission frequency.
- the control amount correction value acquisition unit includes a comparator, a summer, and an aggregator.
- a wireless transmission unit configured to send the process parameter collected at the time of transmission and the calculated control quantity correction value to the controller according to the transmission frequency, or calculate an average value of the process parameters collected in the data transmission period according to the transmission frequency, and calculate The control amount correction value is sent to the controller.
- the control quantity correction value obtaining unit is configured to subtract the process parameters sent by the previous data transmission period from the respective process parameters collected in the data collection period, and then sum the respective differences to obtain the control quantity correction value.
- a controller comprising a wireless transmission unit, a control amount correction value acquisition unit, and a control variable value acquisition unit, wherein:
- a wireless transmission unit configured to acquire a process parameter of a production process that is collected by the wireless sensor according to the sampling frequency and transmitted according to the transmission frequency, wherein the sampling frequency is higher than the transmission frequency;
- control quantity correction value obtaining unit configured to obtain a control quantity correction value according to the process parameter collected by the wireless sensor in the data collection period
- the control variable value obtaining unit is configured to calculate a control variable initial value according to the process parameter sent by the wireless sensor, and obtain a control variable value according to the control variable initial value and the control amount correction value, and use the control variable value to control the production process.
- the control variable value obtaining unit is configured to calculate an initial value of the control variable according to the process parameter collected by the wireless sensor at the time of transmission, or calculate an initial value of the control variable according to an average value of the process parameter collected by the wireless sensor during the data transmission period.
- the control quantity correction value obtaining unit is configured to respectively subtract the process parameters sent by the wireless sensor in the data collection period from the process parameters sent by the previous data transmission period, and then sum the respective differences to obtain the control quantity correction value.
- a machine readable storage medium storing instructions for causing a machine to perform the method of any of the above.
- a computer program that, when executed in a machine, causes the machine to perform the method of any of the above.
- a wireless sensor and a controller are included, wherein: the wireless sensor is configured to collect process parameters of the production process according to the sampling frequency, and obtain according to the process parameters collected in the data collection period. Controlling the correction value, and transmitting the collected process parameter and the calculated control amount correction value to the controller according to the transmission frequency, wherein the sampling frequency is higher than the transmission frequency; and the controller is configured to perform the process according to the wireless sensor
- the parameter calculates a control variable initial value, and obtains a control variable value based on the control variable initial value and the control amount correction value sent by the wireless sensor, and controls the production process using the control variable value. It can be seen that the embodiment of the present invention is applied.
- the slower transmission frequency can be used to reduce the wireless sensor energy consumption, and on the other hand, the wireless sensor data transmission process is utilized. Multiple measurements to improve the control performance of the controller.
- 1 is a schematic diagram of comparison of control performance of two wireless transmission intervals according to the prior art
- FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of a process control system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a first flowchart of a process control method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a structural diagram of a wireless sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a structural diagram of a controller according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a detailed structural diagram of a process control system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of comparison of control performance between an embodiment of the present invention and a prior art
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of improvement of control performance according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- a good compromise is achieved between the wireless sensor energy consumption and the control performance of the controller.
- a slower transmission frequency can be used to reduce the wireless sensor energy consumption, and on the other hand, the wireless sensor data transmission process is fully utilized. Multiple measurements taken between each other to improve the control performance of the controller.
- FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of a process control system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the process control system includes a wireless sensor 201 and a controller 202. among them:
- the wireless sensor 201 is configured to collect process parameters of the production process according to the sampling frequency, obtain a control quantity correction value according to the process parameters collected in the data collection period, and correct the collected process parameters and the calculated control quantity according to the transmission frequency.
- the value is sent to the controller 202, wherein the sampling frequency is higher than the transmission frequency;
- the controller 202 is configured to calculate a control variable initial value according to the process parameter sent by the wireless sensor 201, and obtain a control variable value according to the control variable initial value and the control amount correction value sent by the wireless sensor 201, and use the control variable value Controlling the production process.
- the wireless sensor 201 may send the process parameters collected at the time of transmission and the calculated control amount correction value to the controller 202 according to the transmission frequency, or process the data collected during the data transmission period according to the transmission frequency.
- the parameter average value and the calculated control amount correction value are sent to the controller 202.
- the wireless sensor 201 may subtract the process parameters sent by the previous data transmission period from the respective process parameters collected in the data collection period, and then sum the respective differences to obtain the control amount correction value.
- control amount correction value is calculated by the wireless sensor 201.
- the embodiment of the present invention may not calculate the control amount correction value by the wireless sensor 201, but the controller 202 calculates the control amount correction value.
- the wireless sensor 201 is configured to collect process parameters of the production process according to the sampling frequency, and send the collected process parameters to the controller according to the transmission frequency, where the sampling frequency is higher than the transmission frequency;
- the controller 202 is configured to obtain a control quantity correction value according to the process parameter collected by the wireless sensor in the data collection period, calculate an initial value of the control variable according to the process parameter sent by the wireless sensor, and obtain the initial value according to the control variable and the control quantity correction value.
- the variable value is controlled and the production process is controlled using the control variable value.
- the controller 202 may calculate the initial value of the control variable according to the process parameters collected by the wireless sensor 201 at the time of transmission, or calculate the initial value of the control variable according to the average value of the process parameters collected by the wireless sensor during the data transmission period.
- controller 202 may subtract the process parameters sent by the previous data transmission period from the respective process parameters collected by the wireless sensor 201 in the data collection period, and then sum the respective differences to obtain the control quantity correction value.
- the manner of communication between the wireless sensor 201 and the controller 202 can have a variety of implementations including, but not limited to, cellular connections, infrared connections, Bluetooth connections, wireless local area networks (LANs), or wireless wide area networks (WAN) connection, and so on.
- cellular connections including, but not limited to, cellular connections, infrared connections, Bluetooth connections, wireless local area networks (LANs), or wireless wide area networks (WAN) connection, and so on.
- LANs wireless local area networks
- WAN wireless wide area networks
- the production process to which the embodiments of the present invention are applied may be any production process in the fields of industrial automation, building automation, aquaculture automation, etc., including but not limited to: microalgae culture control, temperature control , pressure control, flow control, level control and composition control, and more.
- an embodiment of the present invention also proposes a process control method.
- FIG. 3 is a first flowchart of a process control method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the method includes: Step 301: Collect process parameters of a production process according to a sampling frequency, obtain a control quantity correction value according to the process parameters collected in the data collection period, and send the collected by using a wireless manner according to the transmission frequency.
- the process parameters of the production process can be collected by sensors.
- the sensor is a detection device that can be felt Information measured during the production process, and can transform the detected information into electrical signals or other required forms of information output according to certain rules to meet the requirements of information transmission, processing, storage, display, recording and control.
- the sensor can be specifically a pressure sensitive and force sensitive sensor, a position sensor, a liquid level sensor, a power sensor, a speed sensor, an acceleration sensor, a radiation sensor, a thermal sensor, and the like.
- a large number of sensor nodes may be randomly deployed in or near the production process monitoring area, and the network is constructed by self-organizing.
- the data monitored by the sensor node is transmitted hop by hop along other sensor nodes.
- the monitoring data may be processed by multiple nodes, routed to the aggregation node after multiple hops, and finally arrived at the management node via the Internet or satellite.
- the user configures and manages the sensor network through the management node, issues monitoring tasks, and collects monitoring data.
- a wireless sensor is used to collect and transmit process parameters of the production process.
- the component module of the wireless sensor can be packaged in a housing, and when it is working, it will be powered by a battery or a vibration generator to form a wireless sensor network node, which is a randomly distributed micro node integrating the sensor, the data processing unit and the communication module.
- the network is formed by self-organizing.
- the wireless sensor can collect digital or analog signals from the device, transmit it to the wireless gateway of the monitoring center through the wireless sensor network, and directly send it to the computer for analysis and processing.
- Step 302 Calculate an initial value of the control variable according to the process parameter received by using the wireless mode, and obtain a control variable value according to the initial value of the control variable and the control quantity correction value received by the wireless mode, and control the production process by using the control variable value. .
- the controller side wirelessly receives the process parameters, calculates the initial value of the control variable according to the process parameters, and obtains the control variable value according to the initial value of the control variable and the control quantity correction value received by the wireless mode, and then controls the value of the control variable production process.
- the wirelessly transmitting the collected process parameters and the calculated control amount correction values according to the transmission frequency may include: transmitting the process parameters collected at the transmission time and the calculated control by using a wireless manner according to the transmission frequency.
- the amount correction value or wirelessly transmitting the average value of the process parameters collected during the data transmission period and the calculated control amount correction value according to the transmission frequency.
- the obtaining the control quantity correction value according to the process parameter collected in the data collection period may include: subtracting each process parameter collected in the data collection period from the process parameter sent by the previous data transmission period, The respective differences are summed to obtain a control amount correction value.
- control amount correction value is calculated by the wireless sensor side.
- control amount correction value may be calculated by the controller side without calculating the control amount correction value by the wireless sensor side.
- FIG. 4 is a second flowchart of a process control method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the method includes: Step 401: Collect process parameters of the production process according to the sampling frequency, and transmit the collected process parameters by using a wireless manner according to the transmission frequency, where the sampling frequency is higher than the transmission frequency.
- Step 402 Extract process parameters included in the data collection period from the process parameters received by the wireless mode, obtain a control quantity correction value by using the process parameters included in the data collection period, and calculate a control variable according to the process parameters received by the wireless mode.
- the initial value, and the control variable value is obtained according to the control variable initial value and the control amount correction value, and the production process is controlled by the control variable value.
- step 402 calculating an initial value of the control variable according to the process parameter received by the wireless mode, which may include: calculating an initial value of the control variable by using the process parameter collected at the time of the transmission, or using an average of the process parameters collected during the data transmission period The value calculates the initial value of the control variable.
- step 402 acquiring the control quantity correction value by using the process parameters included in the data collection period may specifically include: subtracting each process parameter collected in the data collection period from the process parameter sent by the previous data transmission period, The respective differences are summed to obtain a control amount correction value.
- an embodiment of the present invention also proposes a wireless sensor.
- FIG. 5 is a structural diagram of a wireless sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the wireless sensor includes a process parameter acquisition unit 501, a control amount correction value acquisition unit 502, and a wireless transmission unit 503, wherein:
- a process parameter collection unit 501 configured to collect process parameters according to a sampling frequency
- the control quantity correction value obtaining unit 502 is configured to obtain a control quantity correction value according to the process parameters collected in the data collection period;
- a wireless transmission unit 503 configured to send the collected process parameters and the calculated control amount correction values to the controller according to the transmission frequency
- sampling frequency is higher than the transmission frequency.
- control quantity correction value obtaining unit 502 is configured to subtract each process parameter collected in the data collection period from the process parameter sent by the previous data transmission period, and then sum the respective differences to obtain Control amount correction value.
- control amount correction value acquisition unit 502 specifically includes electronic components such as a comparator, a summer, and an aggregator, and is integrated as a whole by mutual logical functions between the electronic components.
- electronic components such as comparators, summers, and aggregators.
- the unit is not limited to the embodiment of the present invention.
- the wireless transmission unit 503 is configured to send the process parameter collected at the time of transmission and the calculated control amount correction value to the controller according to the transmission frequency, or collect the data collected during the data transmission period according to the transmission frequency.
- the process parameter average and the calculated control amount correction value are sent to the controller.
- an embodiment of the present invention also proposes a controller.
- FIG. 6 is a structural diagram of a controller according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the controller includes a wireless transmission unit 601, a control amount correction value acquisition unit 602, and a control variable value acquisition unit 603, wherein:
- the wireless transmission unit 601 is configured to acquire process parameters of the production process that are collected by the wireless sensor according to the sampling frequency and are sent according to the transmission frequency, where the sampling frequency is higher than the transmission frequency;
- the control quantity correction value obtaining unit 602 is configured to obtain a control quantity correction value according to the process parameter collected by the wireless sensor in the data collection period;
- the control variable value obtaining unit 603 is configured to calculate a control variable initial value according to the process parameter sent by the wireless sensor, and obtain a control variable value according to the control variable initial value and the control amount correction value, and control the production process by using the control variable value.
- control variable value obtaining unit 602 is configured to calculate an initial value of the control variable according to the process parameter collected by the wireless sensor at the time of transmission, or according to an average value of the process parameters collected by the wireless sensor during the data transmission period. Control variable initial value.
- control quantity correction value obtaining unit 602 is configured to subtract the process parameters sent by the previous data transmission period from the respective process parameters collected by the wireless sensor in the data collection period, and then calculate the difference values. And to obtain the control amount correction value.
- FIG. 7 is a detailed structural diagram of a process control system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the system includes two parts: a controller end and a wireless sensor end.
- the wireless sensor end collects the process parameters of the production process according to the sampling frequency, and sends the collected process parameters to the controller end according to the transmission frequency, wherein the sampling frequency is higher than the transmission frequency. For example: Suppose the sampling frequency is 2 seconds and the transmission frequency is 20 seconds.
- the wireless sensor side includes a sample holder, a comparator, a summer, and an aggregator.
- the workflow of the wireless sensor side is as follows:
- the average of the process parameters sent during the transmission cycle, or the process parameter values collected at the previous data transmission time, because its period T is assumed to be 20 s), and the result is sent to the summer.
- the holder (SH) is saved.
- the summation operation is performed in the summer to obtain the control amount correction value (ED).
- a gateway that is sent wirelessly to the controller.
- the controller end includes a gateway, a first comparator, a PID controller and a second comparator, and the gateway receives the control amount correction value (ED) and the process parameter sent by the wireless sensor terminal every 20s.
- the process parameters are sent to the first comparator, compared with a preset set point (Set point), and the difference is sent to the PID controller to obtain the initial value of the control variable.
- the initial value of the control variable is compared with the reservation function of the control quantity correction value (ED) to obtain the control variable value, and the control variable value (MV) can be used to control the production process.
- MV MV + K [e ⁇ t) + ⁇ ( [e ⁇ t)dt - ⁇ ) ; where is the offset value of the control variable; is the proportional coefficient; ⁇ is the integral constant, and these two parameters can be set by the user Let e(t) be the difference between the set value and the process parameter; t is the time.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of comparison of control performance between the embodiment of the present invention and the prior art
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of improvement of control performance according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the control method of the embodiment of the present invention has smaller overshoot and shorter transition time than the prior art, and thus the control performance is significantly improved.
- the advantages of embodiments of the present invention stem from the additional information of the multiple measurements provided between transmission cycles.
- embodiments of the present invention compensate for the sampling room Information lost due to long distances.
- i + K t e ⁇ t) + ⁇ (e(t)dt.
- the proportional integral formula may introduce more oscillations. As shown in FIG.
- Embodiments of the invention may be applied to a variety of specific field environments.
- the system shown in Figure 7 can be specifically applied to microalgae culture treatment.
- the production process in Figure 7 is a photobioreactor for microalgae culture.
- the wireless PH sensor communicates with the controller every 300 seconds, and the wireless PH sensor gives additional measurements every 30 seconds. Every 300 seconds, all measured values are packaged and sent to the controller.
- the PH setting is 7.0, which is beneficial for microalgae.
- the controller can use PI control algorithms and can use various existing control techniques, such as output limits.
- the control variable (MV) is the feed rate of carbon dioxide (C0 2 ) input to the photobioreactor. Multiple PH measurements are taken as raw data, packaged and sent to the control system, and an ED is generated in the controller.
- an ED can also be generated in the wireless sensor and the ED and control parameters sent to the controller together.
- the controller then extracts the ED value in the PI integral calculation.
- the process control method proposed by the embodiment of the present invention can be stored on various machine readable storage media by means of instructions or a storage mode of instruction set storage. These storage media include, but are not limited to, floppy disks, optical disks, DVDs, hard disks, flash memories, USB flash drives, CF cards, SD cards, MMC cards, SM cards, Memory Sticks, xD cards, and the like.
- the process control method provided by the embodiment of the present invention may also be applied to a Nand flash-based storage medium, such as a USB flash drive, a CF card, an SD card, an SDHC card, an MMC card, an SM card, and a memory. Stick, xD card, etc.
- the process control method proposed by the embodiment of the present invention can also be embodied as various forms of computer instructions. When these computer instructions are executed in a machine, the machine can be caused to perform the process control method proposed by the embodiments of the present invention.
- a wireless sensor and a controller are included, wherein: the wireless sensor is configured to collect process parameters of the production process according to the sampling frequency, and obtain a control quantity correction according to the process parameters collected in the data collection period. And transmitting, according to the transmission frequency, the collected process parameter and the calculated control quantity correction value to the controller, wherein the sampling frequency is higher than the transmission frequency; and the controller is configured to calculate and control according to the process parameter sent by the wireless sensor
- the variable initial value is obtained, and the control variable value is obtained according to the initial value of the control variable and the control amount correction value sent by the wireless sensor, and the production process is controlled by the control variable value.
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Abstract
本发明实施方式公开了一种过程控制方法、装置和系统。该系统包括:无线传感器,用于根据采样频率采集生产过程的过程参数,根据在数据采集周期中所采集的过程参数获取控制量修正值,并根据传输频率将所采集的过程参数以及计算出的控制量修正值发送到控制器,其中所述采样频率高于传输频率;控制器,用于根据无线传感器所发送的过程参数计算控制变量初始值,并根据控制变量初始值和无线传感器所发送的控制量修正值获取控制变量值,并利用所述控制变量值控制所述生产过程。应用本发明实施方式之后,在无线传感器能量消耗与控制器的控制性能之间实现了良好折衷,一方面可以采用较慢的传输频率以降低无线传感器能量消耗,另一方面充分利用无线传感器数据传输过程之间所采集的多个测量值来提高控制器的控制性能。
Description
一种过程控制方法、 装置和系统 技术领域
本发明涉及控制技术领域, 特别是涉及一种过程控制方法、 装置和系统。 背景技术
近年来, 无线技术以其独有的优越性, 越来越受到过程控制领域的重视。 工 过程控制 系统是控制領域的一个重要组成部分, 其现场信号离散性高、 系统延^大等特点非常适合与 无线技术相结合。 在工业自动化和建筑自动化等领域中, 无线传感器在过程控制中的应用已 经逐渐发展为行业趋势。 随着许多公司大量开发出适于无线 HART和 ISA-100标准的无线过 程工具, 这种趋势得以进一步展示。
在过程控制中使用无线传感器的优势对于本领域是显而易见的。 比如, 快速安装、 节省 布线成本 (至多可到每英尺线节省 40美元), 等。 而且, 制药处理、 石油化工处理、 藻类养 殖处理以及室内温度控制等应用环境, 都是无线传感器在过程控制中的示范性应用。
无线传感器通常由服务寿命有限的电池提供电力。 取决于传感器的操作状况, 电池寿命 通常为几个月或许多年。 无线传感器与过程控制系统之间的通信过程耗费了大部分的电力。 因此, 采用更长的通信间隔可以最大化电池服务寿命, 并减低传感器维修和保养工作。 在由 电池提供电力的西门子无线温度发射器 (SITRANS TF280无线 HART) 中, 传输率可以从 8 秒到 255秒之间调节, 出厂设置为 60秒。
然而, 更长的传输间隔使得控制环不优化而且容易振荡。 当从有线传感器切换到无线传 感器, 或改变传输间隔时, 已经良好调节的 PI控制器可能需要被重新调节。
图 1为根据现有技术两个无线传输间隔的控制性能对比示意图。 参照图 1, 在图 1 中分 别针对两个无线传输间隔的控制性能进行了比较。 对于 100秒处的设定值变化, 相同 PI控制 器的控制参数(process variable)输出如虚线所示。 如果传输间隔为 2秒, 该过程呈现良好的 控制性能 (曲线 1 )。 如果用户尝试将传输间隔增加到 20秒以改善电池服务寿命 (曲线 2), 随着发生大过冲以及过渡时间变长, 控制性能将变坏。
大部分无线传感器的工作流程包括: 给出测量值、 将测量值发送到控制系统, 进入休眠 模式以节约能量。 在现有技术中, 可以在无线传感器的数据传输过程之间获取多个测量值以 改进过程控制鲁棒性, 但是并不能有效利用这些数据来改进控制性能。 比如, 即使现有技术 中会向控制系统发送过程变量的平均值, 但是无线传感器的传输过程之间的多次测量值却没
有得到有效利用。 发明内容
本发明实施方式提出一种过程控制系统, 以改进控制性能。
本发明实施方式提出一种过程控制方法, 以改进控制性能。
本发明实施方式提出一种无线传感器, 以改进控制性能。
本发明实施方式提出一种控制器, 以改进控制性能。
本发明实施方式的技术方案包括:
一种过程控制系统, 包括无线传感器和控制器, 其中:
无线传感器, 用于根据采样频率采集生产过程的过程参数, 根据在数据采集周期中所采 集的过程参数获取控制量修正值, 并根据传输频率将所采集的过程参数以及计算出的控制量 修正值发送到控制器, 其中所述采样频率高于传输频率;
控制器, 用于根据无线传感器所发送的过程参数计算控制变量初始值, 并根据控制变量 初始值和无线传感器所发送的控制量修正值获取控制变量值, 并利用所述控制变量值控制所 述生产过程。
无线传感器, 用于根据传输频率将传输时刻时所采集的过程参数以及计算出的控制量修 正值发送到控制器, 或根据传输频率将数据传输周期内所采集的过程参数平均值以及计算出 的控制量修正值发送到控制器。
无线传感器, 用于将数据采集周期中所采集的各个过程参数分别减去上一数据传输周期 所发送的过程参数, 再将各个差值求和以获取控制量修正值。
一种过程控制系统, 包括无线传感器和控制器, 其中:
无线传感器, 用于根据采样频率采集生产过程的过程参数, 并根据传输频率将所采集的 过程参数发送到控制器, 其中所述采样频率高于传输频率;
控制器, 用于根据无线传感器在数据采集周期中所采集的过程参数获取控制量修正值, 根据无线传感器发送的过程参数计算控制变量初始值, 并根据控制变量初始值和控制量修正 值获取控制变量值, 并利用所述控制变量值控制所述生产过程。
控制器, 用于根据无线传感器在传输时刻时所采集的过程参数计算控制变量初始值, 或 根据无线传感器在数据传输周期内所采集的过程参数平均值计算控制变量初始值。
控制器, 用于将无线传感器在数据采集周期中所采集的各个过程参数分别减去上一数据 传输周期所发送的过程参数, 再将各个差值求和以获取控制量修正值。
一种过程控制方法, 该方法包括:
根据采样频率采集生产过程的过程参数, 根据在数据采集周期中所采集的过程参数获取 控制量修正值, 并根据传输频率利用无线方式发送所采集的过程参数以及计算出的控制量修 正值, 其中所述采样频率高于传输频率;
根据利用无线方式所接收的过程参数计算控制变量初始值, 并根据该控制变量初始值和 无线方式所接收的控制量修正值获取控制变量值, 并利用所述控制变量值控制生产过程。
所述根据传输频率利用无线方式发送所采集的过程参数以及计算出的控制量修正值包 括- 根据传输频率利用无线方式发送在传输时刻时所采集的过程参数以及计算出的控制量修 正值; 或根据传输频率利用无线方式发送在数据传输周期内所采集的过程参数平均值以及计 算出的控制量修正值。
所述根据在数据采集周期中所采集的过程参数获取控制量修正值包括:
将数据采集周期中所采集的各个过程参数分别减去上一数据传输周期所发送的过程参 数, 再将各个差值求和以获取控制量修正值。
一种过程控制方法, 该方法包括:
根据采样频率采集生产过程的过程参数, 并根据传输频率利用无线方式发送所采集的过 程参数, 其中所述采样频率高于传输频率;
从无线方式接收到的过程参数中提取包含在数据采集周期中的过程参数, 利用包含在数 据采集周期中的过程参数获取控制量修正值, 根据无线方式接收到的过程参数计算控制变量 初始值, 并根据控制变量初始值和控制量修正值获取控制变量值, 并利用所述控制变量值控 制生产过程。
所述根据无线方式接收到的过程参数计算控制变量初始值包括:
利用传输时刻时所采集的过程参数计算控制变量初始值, 或利用数据传输周期内所采集 的过程参数平均值计算控制变量初始值。
所述利用包含在数据采集周期中的过程参数获取控制量修正值包括:
将数据采集周期中所采集的各个过程参数分别减去上一数据传输周期所发送的过程参 数, 再将各个差值求和以获取控制量修正值。
一种无线传感器, 该无线传感器包括过程参数采集单元、 控制量修正值获取单元和无线 传输单元, 其中- 过程参数采集单元, 用于根据采样频率采集过程参数;
控制量修正值获取单元, 用于根据在数据采集周期中所采集的过程参数获取控制量修正 值;
无线传输单元, 用于根据传输频率将所采集的过程参数以及计算出的控制量修正值发送 到控制器;
其中所述采样频率高于传输频率。
控制量修正值获取单元包括比较器、 求和器和聚合器。
无线传输单元, 用于根据传输频率将传输时刻时所采集的过程参数以及计算出的控制量 修正值发送到控制器, 或根据传输频率将数据传输周期内所采集的过程参数平均值以及计算 出的控制量修正值发送到控制器。
控制量修正值获取单元, 用于将数据采集周期中所采集的各个过程参数分别减去上一数 据传输周期所发送的过程参数, 再将各个差值求和以获取控制量修正值。
一种控制器, 该控制器包括无线传输单元、 控制量修正值获取单元和控制变量值获取单 元, 其中:
无线传输单元, 用于获取无线传感器根据采样频率采集的、 并根据传输频率所发送的生 产过程的过程参数, 其中所述采样频率高于传输频率;
控制量修正值获取单元, 用于根据无线传感器在数据采集周期中所采集的过程参数获取 控制量修正值;
控制变量值获取单元, 用于根据无线传感器发送的过程参数计算控制变量初始值, 并根 据控制变量初始值和控制量修正值获取控制变量值, 并利用所述控制变量值控制生产过程。
控制变量值获取单元, 用于根据无线传感器在传输时刻时所采集的过程参数计算控制变 量初始值, 或根据无线传感器在数据传输周期内所采集的过程参数平均值计算控制变量初始 值。
控制量修正值获取单元, 用于将无线传感器在数据采集周期中所采集的各个过程参数分 别减去上一数据传输周期所发送的过程参数, 再将各个差值求和以获取控制量修正值。
一种机器可读的存储介质, 存储用于使机器执行根据以上任意一项所述的方法的指令。 一种计算机程序, 当所述计算机程序运行于机器中时使所述机器执行根据以上任意一项 所述的方法。
从上述技术方案可以看出, 在发明实施方式中, 包括无线传感器和控制器, 其中: 无线 传感器, 用于根据采样频率采集生产过程的过程参数, 根据在数据采集周期中所采集的过程 参数获取控制量修正值, 并根据传输频率将所采集的过程参数以及计算出的控制量修正值发 送到控制器, 其中所述采样频率高于传输频率; 控制器, 用于根据无线传感器所发送的过程 参数计算控制变量初始值, 并根据控制变量初始值和无线传感器所发送的控制量修正值获取 控制变量值, 并利用所述控制变量值控制所述生产过程。 由此可见, 应用本发明实施方式之
后, 在无线传感器能量消耗与控制器的控制性能之间实现了良好折衷, 一方面可以采用较慢 的传输频率以降低无线传感器能量消耗, 另一方面充分利用无线传感器数据传输过程之间所 采集的多个测量值来提高控制器的控制性能。 附图说明
图 1为根据现有技术两个无线传输间隔的控制性能对比示意图;
图 2为本发明实施方式过程控制系统结构图;
图 3为本发明实施方式的过程控制方法第一流程图;
图 4为本发明实施方式的过程控制方法第二流程图;
图 5为本发明实施方式的无线传感器结构图;
图 6为本发明实施方式的控制器结构图;
图 7为本发明实施方式的过程控制系统的详细结构图;
图 8为本发明实施方式与现有技术的控制性能对比示意图;
图 9为本发明实施方式的控制性能改进示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的技术方案及优点更加清楚明白, 以下结合附图及实施方式, 对本发明进 行进一步详细说明。 应当理解, 此处所描述的具体实施方式仅仅用以阐述性说明本发明, 并 不用于限定本发明的保护范围。
在本发明实施方式中, 在无线传感器能量消耗与控制器的控制性能之间实现良好折衷, 一方面可以采用较慢的传输频率以降低无线传感器能量消耗, 另一方面充分利用无线传感器 数据传输过程之间所采集的多个测量值来提高控制器的控制性能。
图 2为本发明实施方式过程控制系统结构图。
如图 2所示, 该过程控制系统包括无线传感器 201和控制器 202。 其中:
无线传感器 201, 用于根据采样频率采集生产过程的过程参数, 根据在数据采集周期中所 采集的过程参数获取控制量修正值, 并根据传输频率将所采集的过程参数以及计算出的控制 量修正值发送到控制器 202, 其中所述采样频率高于传输频率;
控制器 202, 用于根据无线传感器 201所发送的过程参数计算控制变量初始值, 并根据控 制变量初始值和无线传感器 201所发送的控制量修正值获取控制变量值, 并利用所述控制变 量值控制所述生产过程。
在一个实施方式中, 无线传感器 201, 可以根据传输频率将传输时刻时所采集的过程参数 以及计算出的控制量修正值发送到控制器 202, 或根据传输频率将数据传输周期内所采集的 过程参数平均值以及计算出的控制量修正值发送到控制器 202。
在一个实施方式中, 无线传感器 201, 可以将数据采集周期中所采集的各个过程参数分别 减去上一数据传输周期所发送的过程参数, 再将各个差值求和以获取控制量修正值。
在上述实例中, 具体描述了由无线传感器 201计算控制量修正值的示范性情形。 实际上, 本发明实施方式也可以不由无线传感器 201计算控制量修正值, 而是由控制器 202计算控制 量修正值。
当由控制器 202计算控制量修正值时:
无线传感器 201, 用于根据采样频率采集生产过程的过程参数, 并根据传输频率将所采集 的过程参数发送到控制器, 其中所述采样频率高于传输频率;
控制器 202, 用于根据无线传感器在数据采集周期中所采集的过程参数获取控制量修正 值, 根据无线传感器发送的过程参数计算控制变量初始值, 并根据控制变量初始值和控制量 修正值获取控制变量值, 并利用所述控制变量值控制所述生产过程。
类似地, 控制器 202, 可以根据无线传感器 201在传输时刻时所采集的过程参数计算控制 变量初始值, 或根据无线传感器在数据传输周期内所采集的过程参数平均值计算控制变量初 始值。
类似地, 控制器 202, 可以将无线传感器 201在数据采集周期中所采集的各个过程参数分 别减去上一数据传输周期所发送的过程参数, 再将各个差值求和以获取控制量修正值。
本领域技术人员可以意识到, 无线传感器 201和控制器 202之间的通信方式可以具有多 种实施方式, 包括但是不限于: 蜂窝连接、 红外连接、 蓝牙连接、 无线局域网 (LAN) 或无 线广域网 (WAN) 连接, 等等。
而且, 本领域技术人员可以意识到, 本发明实施方式所适用的生产过程可以为工业自动 化、 建筑自动化、 养殖自动化等领域中的任意生产过程, 包括但是不局限于: 微藻类养殖控 制、 温度控制、 压力控制、 流量控制、 液位控制和成分控制, 等等。
基于上述描述, 本发明实施方式还提出了一种过程控制方法。
图 3为本发明实施方式的过程控制方法第一流程图。 如图 3所示, 该方法包括: 步骤 301 : 根据采样频率采集生产过程的过程参数, 根据在数据采集周期中所采集的过程 参数获取控制量修正值, 并根据传输频率利用无线方式发送所采集的过程参数以及计算出的 控制量修正值, 其中所述采样频率高于传输频率。
在这里, 可以由传感器来采集生产过程的过程参数。 传感器是一种检测装置, 能感受到
生产过程中被测量的信息, 并能将检测感受到的信息, 按一定规律变换成为电信号或其他所 需形式的信息输出, 以满足信息的传输、 处理、 存储、 显示、 记录和控制等要求。 比如: 传 感器可以具体为压力敏和力敏传感器、 位置传感器、 液位传感器、 能耗传感器、 速度传感器、 加速度传感器、 射线辐射传感器、 热敏传感器, 等等。
在本发明实施方式中, 可以将大量传感器节点随机部署在生产过程监测区域内部或附近, 通过自组织方式构成网络。 传感器节点监测的数据沿着其他传感器节点逐跳地进行传输, 在 传输过程中监测数据可能被多个节点处理, 经过多跳后路由到汇聚节点, 最后通过互联网或 卫星到达管理节点。 用户通过管理节点对传感器网络进行配置和管理, 发布监测任务以及收 集监测数据。
在本发明实施方式中, 采用无线传感器采集并发送生产过程的过程参数。 可以将无线传 感器的组成模块封装在一个外壳内, 在工作时它将由电池或振动发电机提供电源, 构成无线 传感器网络节点, 由随机分布的集成有传感器、 数据处理单元和通信模块的微型节点, 通过 自组织的方式构成网络。 无线传感器可以采集设备的数字或模拟信号, 通过无线传感器网络 传输到监控中心的无线网关, 直接送入计算机, 进行分析处理。
步骤 302: 根据利用无线方式所接收的过程参数计算控制变量初始值, 并根据该控制变量 初始值和无线方式所接收的控制量修正值获取控制变量值, 并利用所述控制变量值控制生产 过程。
在这里, 控制器侧利用无线方式接收过程参数, 根据过程参数计算控制变量初始值, 并 根据该控制变量初始值和无线方式所接收的控制量修正值获取控制变量值, 再利用控制变量 值控制生产过程。
在步骤 301 中, 根据传输频率利用无线方式发送所采集的过程参数以及计算出的控制量 修正值具体可以包括: 根据传输频率利用无线方式发送在传输时刻时所采集的过程参数以及 计算出的控制量修正值; 或根据传输频率利用无线方式发送在数据传输周期内所采集的过程 参数平均值以及计算出的控制量修正值。
在步骤 301 中, 根据在数据采集周期中所采集的过程参数获取控制量修正值具体可以包 括:将数据采集周期中所采集的各个过程参数分别减去上一数据传输周期所发送的过程参数, 再将各个差值求和以获取控制量修正值。
在上述流程中, 由无线传感器侧计算控制量修正值。 实际上, 本发明实施方式也可以不 由无线传感器侧计算控制量修正值, 而是由控制器侧计算控制量修正值。
图 4为本发明实施方式所述的过程控制方法第二流程图。
如图 4所示, 该方法包括:
步骤 401 : 根据采样频率采集生产过程的过程参数, 并根据传输频率利用无线方式发送所 采集的过程参数, 其中所述采样频率高于传输频率。
步骤 402: 从无线方式接收到的过程参数中提取包含在数据采集周期中的过程参数, 利用 包含在数据采集周期中的过程参数获取控制量修正值, 根据无线方式接收到的过程参数计算 控制变量初始值, 并根据控制变量初始值和控制量修正值获取控制变量值, 并利用所述控制 变量值控制生产过程。
在步骤 402中, 根据无线方式接收到的过程参数计算控制变量初始值, 具体可以包括: 利用传输时刻时所采集的过程参数计算控制变量初始值, 或利用数据传输周期内所采集 的过程参数平均值计算控制变量初始值。
在步骤 402 中, 利用包含在数据采集周期中的过程参数获取控制量修正值, 具体可以包 括- 将数据采集周期中所采集的各个过程参数分别减去上一数据传输周期所发送的过程参 数, 再将各个差值求和以获取控制量修正值。
以上流程中, 详细描述了利用包含在数据采集周期中的过程参数获取控制量修正值的具 体方式, 本领域技术人员可以意识到, 本发明实施方式并不局限于此。
基于上述详细分析, 本发明实施方式还提出了一种无线传感器。
图 5为本发明实施方式无线传感器结构图。
如图 5所示, 该无线传感器包括过程参数采集单元 501、控制量修正值获取单元 502和无 线传输单元 503, 其中:
过程参数采集单元 501, 用于根据采样频率采集过程参数;
控制量修正值获取单元 502,用于根据在数据采集周期中所采集的过程参数获取控制量修 正值;
无线传输单元 503,用于根据传输频率将所采集的过程参数以及计算出的控制量修正值发 送到控制器;
其中所述采样频率高于传输频率。
在一个实施方式中, 控制量修正值获取单元 502, 用于将数据采集周期中所采集的各个过 程参数分别减去上一数据传输周期所发送的过程参数, 再将各个差值求和以获取控制量修正 值。
在一个实施方式中, 控制量修正值获取单元 502具体包括比较器、 求和器和聚合器等电 子元器件, 并由这些电子元器件之间的相互逻辑功能集成为整体。 本领域技术人员可以意识 到, 可以由比较器、 求和器和聚合器等电子元器件通过多种实施方式构成控制量修正值获取
单元, 本发明实施方式对此并无限定。
在一个实施方式中, 无线传输单元 503, 用于根据传输频率将传输时刻时所采集的过程参 数以及计算出的控制量修正值发送到控制器, 或根据传输频率将数据传输周期内所采集的过 程参数平均值以及计算出的控制量修正值发送到控制器。
基于上述详细分析, 本发明实施方式还提出了一种控制器。
图 6为本发明实施方式控制器结构图。
如图 6所示, 该控制器包括无线传输单元 601、控制量修正值获取单元 602和控制变量值 获取单元 603, 其中:
无线传输单元 601, 用于获取无线传感器根据采样频率采集的、并根据传输频率所发送的 生产过程的过程参数, 其中所述采样频率高于传输频率;
控制量修正值获取单元 602,用于根据无线传感器在数据采集周期中所采集的过程参数获 取控制量修正值;
控制变量值获取单元 603, 用于根据无线传感器发送的过程参数计算控制变量初始值, 并 根据控制变量初始值和控制量修正值获取控制变量值,并利用所述控制变量值控制生产过程。
在一个实施方式中, 控制变量值获取单元 602, 用于根据无线传感器在传输时刻时所采集 的过程参数计算控制变量初始值, 或根据无线传感器在数据传输周期内所采集的过程参数平 均值计算控制变量初始值。
在一个实施方式中, 控制量修正值获取单元 602, 用于将无线传感器在数据采集周期中所 采集的各个过程参数分别减去上一数据传输周期所发送的过程参数, 再将各个差值求和以获 取控制量修正值。
基于上述详细分析, 本领域技术人员可以意识到, 可以利用各种逻辑元器件通过多种方 式具体实施本发明实施方式。 下面结合具体实例对本发明实施方式进行详细描述。
图 7为本发明实施方式过程控制系统的详细结构图。
如图 7所示, 该系统包括控制器端和无线传感器端两部分。 无线传感器端根据采样频率 采集生产过程 (Process) 的过程参数, 根据传输频率将所采集的过程参数发送到控制器端, 其中采样频率高于传输频率。 比如: 假设采样频率为 2秒, 传输频率为 20秒。
由图 7可见, 无线传感器端包括采样保持器、 比较器、 求和器和聚合器。
无线传感器端的工作流程如下:
在 t=0时刻, 采样保持器采集 t=0时刻生产过程的过程参数, 并将 t=0时刻所采集的过程 参数送到比较器。 在比较器中, 该 t=0时刻过程参数值减去采样保持器中所保存的过程参数 值 (该值可以为上一数据传输周期所发送的过程参数平均值, 或上一数据传输时刻所采集的
过程参数值), 并将结果送到求和器中。
类似地, 在 t=2s时刻, 采样保持器再次采集 t=2s时刻生产过程的过程参数, 并将 t=2s时 刻所采集的过程参数送到比较器。 在比较器中, 该 t=2s时刻过程参数值减去采样保持器中所 保存的过程参数值 (该值与 t=0时刻采样保持器中所保存的过程参数值相同, 仍然为上一数 据传输周期所发送的过程参数平均值, 或上一数据传输时刻所采集的过程参数值, 因为其周 期 T假设为 20s), 并将结果送到求和器。
类似地, t=4s,6s,〜,18s, 重复上述操作。
在 t=20s时刻, 采样保持器采集 t=20s时刻生产过程的过程参数, 并将 t=20s时刻所采集 的过程参数送到比较器, 同时将 t=20s时刻所采集的过程参数送到采样保持器 (SH) 予以保 存。 在比较器中, 该 t=20s时刻过程参数值减去 t=0时刻采样保持器中所保存的过程参数值, 并将结果送到求和器。
求和器中执行求和操作, 获得控制量修正值 (ED)。 聚合器把求和器的输出 (ED) 和采 样保持器中所保存的过程参数值(比如, 可以为 t=20s时刻所采集过程参数, 或 0-20s之间的 平均过程参数值) 组包通过无线方式发送到控制器的网关。 接着, 复位求和器, 即令 ED=0, 并且重新设置 t=0, 继续重复无线传感器的流程。
控制器端包括网关、第一比较器、 PID控制器和第二比较器, 网关每隔 20s收到无线传感 器端所发送的控制量修正值 (ED)和过程参数。 将过程参数送到第一比较器, 与预先设置的 设定值 (Set point) 进行比较, 其差值送给 PID控制器, 得到控制变量初始值。 而且, 控制 变量初始值与控制量修正值 (ED) 的预订函数求差, 得到控制变量值, 并可以利用该控制变 量值 (MV) 去控制生产过程。
示范性地:
MV = MV + K [e{t) +丄 ( [e{t)dt - Εΰ) ; 其中 为控制变量的偏置值; 是比例系数; ^是积分常数, 和 这两个参数可以 由用户设定; e(t)为设定值与过程参数之差; t为时间。
图 8为本发明实施方式与现有技术的控制性能对比示意图; 图 9为本发明实施方式的控 制性能改进示意图。
由图 8和图 9可见, 本发明实施方式的控制方式相比现有技术, 具有更小的过冲和更短 的过渡时间, 因此控制性能获得了明显提升。 实际上, 本发明实施方式的优势源于在传输周 期之间所提供的多个测量值的额外信息。 在某种程度上, 本发明实施方式补偿了由于采样间
隔过长而损失的信息。 在现有技术中, i = + Kt e{t) +― (e(t)dt 。 然而, 对于具有较长采样和传输间 隔的无线传感器, 该比例积分公式可能会引入较多振荡。 比如, 如图 9所示, 在传输时刻 tl 和 t2之间,现有的 PI控制器假定控制变量和 e (t)是固定的,而实际的控制变量接近设定值。 在本发明实施方式中, 通过在下一控制周期中减去 ED, 重复计算的积分运算获得了校正。通 过在设定值和控制变量之间获取实际的差值信号, 频繁获取的控制变量测量值对改进控制性 能给予贡献。
可以将本发明实施方式应用于各种具体现场环境中。 比如, 可以将图 7所示系统具体应 用到微藻类养殖处理中。 此时, 图 7 中的生产过程为微藻类养殖的光生物反应器。 无线 PH 传感器与控制器每隔 300秒通讯一次, 而且无线 PH传感器每隔 30秒给出额外的测量值。 每 隔 300秒, 所有的测量值都打包发送到控制器。 PH设置值为 7.0, 该值对于微藻类是有益的。 控制器可以采用 PI控制算法, 可以采用各种现有的控制技术, 比如输出限制等等。 控制变量 (MV)为二氧化碳(C02)输入到光生物反应器的馈入速度。 多个 PH测量值作为原始数据, 被打包发送到控制系统, 而且在控制器中生成 ED。
可选地, 也可以在无线传感器中生成 ED, 而且将 ED和控制参数一起发送到控制器。 然 后, 控制器在 PI积分计算中抽取该 ED值。
可以通过指令或指令集存储的储存方式将本发明实施方式所提出的过程控制方法存储在 各种机器可读的存储介质上。 这些存储介质包括但是不局限于: 软盘、 光盘、 DVD、 硬盘、 闪存、 U盘、 CF卡、 SD卡、 MMC卡、 SM卡、 记忆棒 (Memory Stick )、 xD卡等。 另夕卜, 还可以将本发明实施方式所提出的过程控制方法应用到基于闪存(Nand flash)的存储介质中, 比如 U盘、 CF卡、 SD卡、 SDHC卡、 MMC卡、 SM卡、 记忆棒、 xD卡等。
还可以将当本发明实施方式所提出的过程控制方法具体实施为各种形式的计算机指令。 这些计算机指令在机器中被执行时,可以使机器执行本发明实施方式所提出的过程控制方法。
综上所述, 在发明实施方式中, 包括无线传感器和控制器, 其中: 无线传感器, 用于根 据采样频率采集生产过程的过程参数, 根据在数据采集周期中所采集的过程参数获取控制量 修正值, 并根据传输频率将所采集的过程参数以及计算出的控制量修正值发送到控制器, 其 中所述采样频率高于传输频率; 控制器, 用于根据无线传感器所发送的过程参数计算控制变 量初始值, 并根据控制变量初始值和无线传感器所发送的控制量修正值获取控制变量值, 并 利用所述控制变量值控制所述生产过程。 由此可见, 应用本发明实施方式之后, 在无线传感 器能量消耗与控制器的控制性能之间实现了良好折衷, 一方面可以采用较慢的传输频率以降
低无线传感器能量消耗, 另一方面充分利用无线传感器数据传输过程之间所采集的多个测量 值来提高控制器的控制性能。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施方式而已, 并不用以限制本发明, 凡在本发明的精神和 原则之内所作的任何修改、 等同替换和改进等, 均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims
1、 一种过程控制系统, 其特征在于, 包括无线传感器和控制器, 其中:
无线传感器, 用于根据采样频率采集生产过程的过程参数, 根据在数据采集周期中所采 集的过程参数获取控制量修正值, 并根据传输频率将所釆集的过程参数以及计算出的控制量 修正值发送到控制器, 其中所述采样频率高于传输频率;
控制器, 用于根据无线传感器所发送的过程参数计算控制变量初始值, 并根据控制变量 初始值和无线传感器所发送的控制量修正值获取控制变量值, 并利用所述控制变量值控制所 述生产过程。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的过程控制系统, 其特征在于,
无线传感器, 用于根据传输频率将传输时刻时所采集的过程参数以及计算出的控制量修 正值发送到控制器, 或根据传输频率将数据传输周期内所采集的过程参数平均值以及计算出 的控制量修正值发送到控制器。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的过程控制系统, 其特征在于,
无线传感器, 用于将数据采集周期中所采集的各个过程参数分别减去上一数据传输周期 所发送的过程参数, 再将各个差值求和以获取控制量修正值。
4、 一种过程控制系统, 其特征在于, 包括无线传感器和控制器, 其中:
无线传感器, 用于根据采样频率采集生产过程的过程参数, 并根据传输频率将所采集的 过程参数发送到控制器, 其中所述采样频率高于传输频率;
控制器, 用于根据无线传感器在数据采集周期中所采集的过程参数获取控制量修正值, 根据无线传感器发送的过程参数计算控制变量初始值, 并根据控制变量初始值和控制量修正 值获取控制变量值, 并利用所述控制变量值控制所述生产过程。
5、 根据权利要求 4所述的过程控制系统, 其特征在于,
控制器, 用于根据无线传感器在传输时刻时所采集的过程参数计算控制变量初始值, 或 根据无线传感器在数据传输周期内所采集的过程参数平均值计算控制变量初始值。
6、 根据权利要求 4所述的过程控制系统, 其特征在于,
控制器, 用于将无线传感器在数据采集周期中所采集的各个过程参数分别减去上一数据 传输周期所发送的过程参数, 再将各个差值求和以获取控制量修正值。
7、 一种过程控制方法, 其特征在于, 该方法包括- 根据采样频率采集生产过程的过程参数, 根据在数据采集周期中所采集的过程参数获取 控制量修正值, 并根据传输频率利用无线方式发送所采集的过程参数以及计算出的控制量修 正值, 其中所述采样频率高于传输频率;
根据利用无线方式所接收的过程参数计算控制变量初始值, 并根据该控制变量初始值和
无线方式所接收的控制量修正值获取控制变量值, 并利用所述控制变量值控制生产过程。
8、 根据权利要求 7所述的过程控制方法, 其特征在于, 所述根据传输频率利用无线方式 发送所采集的过程参数以及计算出的控制量修正值包括:
根据传输频率利用无线方式发送在传输时刻时所采集的过程参数以及计算出的控制量修 正值; 或根据传输频率利用无线方式发送在数据传输周期内所采集的过程参数平均值以及计 算出的控制量修正值。
9、 根据权利要求 7所述的过程控制方法, 其特征在于, 所述根据在数据采集周期中所采 集的过程参数获取控制量修正值包括:
将数据采集周期中所采集的各个过程参数分别减去上一数据传输周期所发送的过程参 数, 再将各个差值求和以获取控制量修正值。
10、 一种过程控制方法, 其特征在于, 该方法包括:
根据采样频率采集生产过程的过程参数, 并根据传输频率利用无线方式发送所采集的过 程参数, 其中所述采样频率高于传输频率;
从无线方式接收到的过程参数中提取包含在数据采集周期中的过程参数, 利用包含在数 据采集周期中的过程参数获取控制量修正值, 根据无线方式接收到的过程参数计算控制变量 初始值, 并根据控制变量初始值和控制量修正值获取控制变量值, 并利用所述控制变量值控 制生产过程。
11、 根据权利要求 10所述的过程控制方法, 其特征在于, 所述根据无线方式接收到的过 程参数计算控制变量初始值包括:
利用传输时刻时所采集的过程参数计算控制变量初始值, 或利用数据传输周期内所采集 的过程参数平均值计算控制变量初始值。
12、 根据权利要求 10所述的过程控制方法, 其特征在于, 所述利用包含在数据采集周期 中的过程参数获取控制量修正值包括:
将数据采集周期中所采集的各个过程参数分别减去上一数据传输周期所发送的过程参 数, 再将各个差值求和以获取控制量修正值。
13、 一种无线传感器, 其特征在于, 该无线传感器包括过程参数采集单元、 控制量修正 值获取单元和无线传输单元, 其中- 过程参数采集单元, 用于根据采样频率采集过程参数;
控制量修正值获取单元, 用于根据在数据采集周期中所采集的过程参数获取控制量修正 值;
无线传输单元, 用于根据传输频率将所采集的过程参数以及计算出的控制量修正值发送
到控制器;
其中所述采样频率高于传输频率。
14、 根据权利要求 13所述的无线传感器, 其特征在于, 控制量修正值获取单元包括比较 器、 求和器和聚合器。
15、 根据权利要求 13所述的无线传感器, 其特征在于,
无线传输单元, 用于根据传输频率将传输时刻时所采集的过程参数以及计算出的控制量 修正值发送到控制器, 或根据传输频率将数据传输周期内所采集的过程参数平均值以及计算 出的控制量修正值发送到控制器。
16、 根据权利要求 13所述的无线传感器, 其特征在于,
控制量修正值获取单元, 用于将数据采集周期中所采集的各个过程参数分别减去上一数 据传输周期所发送的过程参数, 再将各个差值求和以获取控制量修正值。
17、 一种控制器, 其特征在于, 该控制器包括无线传输单元、 控制量修正值获取单元和 控制变量值获取单元, 其中- 无线传输单元, 用于获取无线传感器根据采样频率采集的、 并根据传输频率所发送的生 产过程的过程参数, 其中所述采样频率高于传输频率;
控制量修正值获取单元, 用于根据无线传感器在数据采集周期中所采集的过程参数获取 控制量修正值;
控制变量值获取单元, 用于根据无线传感器发送的过程参数计算控制变量初始值, 并根 据控制变量初始值和控制量修正值获取控制变量值, 并利用所述控制变量值控制生产过程。
18、 根据权利要求 17所述的控制器, 其特征在于,
控制变量值获取单元, 用于根据无线传感器在传输时刻时所采集的过程参数计算控制变 量初始值, 或根据无线传感器在数据传输周期内所采集的过程参数平均值计算控制变量初始 值。
19、 根据权利要求 17所述的控制器, 其特征在于,
控制量修正值获取单元, 用于将无线传感器在数据采集周期中所采集的各个过程参数分 别减去上一数据传输周期所发送的过程参数, 再将各个差值求和以获取控制量修正值。
20、 一种机器可读的存储介质, 存储用于使机器执行根据权利要求 7-12中任意一项所述 的方法的指令。
21、 一种计算机程序, 当所述计算机程序运行于机器中时使所述机器执行根据权利要求 7-12任意一项所述的方法。
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| CN201380058026.5A CN104781737A (zh) | 2013-01-31 | 2013-01-31 | 一种过程控制方法、装置和系统 |
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| CN108491558A (zh) * | 2018-01-17 | 2018-09-04 | 南京航空航天大学 | 机翼扑动频率始终不变的扑翼飞行器的设计和控制方法 |
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| CN108684008B (zh) * | 2018-05-15 | 2023-12-29 | 北京国科舰航传感技术有限公司 | 无线传感器、无线传感系统以及无线传感方法 |
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| US20120215326A1 (en) * | 2011-02-17 | 2012-08-23 | Invensys Systems Inc. | Distributed Proportional/Integral/Derivative Tuning |
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| EP2952980A1 (en) | 2015-12-09 |
| CN104781737A (zh) | 2015-07-15 |
| EP2952980A4 (en) | 2016-10-19 |
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