WO2014123122A1 - 絶縁電線及びモータ - Google Patents
絶縁電線及びモータ Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014123122A1 WO2014123122A1 PCT/JP2014/052573 JP2014052573W WO2014123122A1 WO 2014123122 A1 WO2014123122 A1 WO 2014123122A1 JP 2014052573 W JP2014052573 W JP 2014052573W WO 2014123122 A1 WO2014123122 A1 WO 2014123122A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- insulating layer
- foamed insulating
- insulated wire
- thickness
- foamed
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
- H01B7/18—Protection against damage caused by wear, mechanical force or pressure; Sheaths; Armouring
- H01B7/1805—Protections not provided for in groups H01B7/182 - H01B7/26
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K3/00—Details of windings
- H02K3/30—Windings characterised by the insulating material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
- H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
- H01B3/308—Wires with resins
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K3/00—Details of windings
- H02K3/46—Fastening of windings on the stator or rotor structure
- H02K3/48—Fastening of windings on the stator or rotor structure in slots
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an insulated wire and a motor.
- Inverters are being attached to many electrical devices as efficient variable speed controllers. However, switching is performed at several kHz to several tens of kHz, and a surge voltage is generated for each of those pulses. Such inverter surges are reflected at impedance discontinuities in the propagation system, for example, at the start or end of the connected wiring, and as a result, a voltage twice as large as the inverter output voltage is applied.
- an output pulse generated by a high-speed switching element such as an IGBT has a high voltage steepness, so that even if the connection cable is short, the surge voltage is high, and furthermore, the voltage attenuation by the connection cable is also small, resulting in the inverter output voltage. A voltage nearly twice as large as that of the current is generated.
- Inverter-related equipment for example, electrical equipment coils such as high-speed switching elements, inverter motors, transformers, etc., insulated wires (also called insulated wires) that are mainly enameled wires are used as magnet wires. Therefore, as described above, in the inverter-related equipment, a voltage nearly twice as high as the inverter output voltage is applied. Therefore, it is required for the insulated wire to minimize the partial discharge deterioration caused by the inverter surge. It is coming.
- partial discharge deterioration is molecular chain breakage deterioration due to collision of charged particles generated by partial discharge of an electrically insulating material (discharge of a portion having a minute void defect or the like), sputtering deterioration, thermal melting due to local temperature rise or This refers to a phenomenon in which thermal degradation or chemical degradation due to ozone generated by discharge occurs in a complicated manner.
- the thickness of the electrically insulating material that is actually partially discharged deteriorates.
- an insulated wire having improved corona discharge resistance by blending particles in the insulating film has been proposed.
- an insulating film containing metal oxide fine particles or silicon oxide fine particles see Patent Document 1
- an insulating film containing silica see Patent Document 2
- These insulated wires reduce erosion deterioration due to corona discharge by an insulating film containing particles.
- an insulated wire having an insulating film containing these particles has an insufficient effect, and there is a problem that the partial discharge start voltage is lowered and the flexibility of the film is lowered.
- an insulated wire having a high partial discharge voltage there is also a method of obtaining an insulated wire in which partial discharge does not occur, that is, an insulated wire having a high partial discharge voltage.
- a method of increasing the thickness of the insulating layer of the insulated wire or using a resin having a low relative dielectric constant for the insulating layer can be considered.
- a foamed electric wire having a conductor and a foamed insulating layer has been widely used as a communication electric wire. It has been.
- a foamed electric wire obtained by foaming an olefin resin such as polyethylene or a fluororesin is well known, specifically, a foamed polyethylene insulated wire (see Patent Document 3), a foamed fluororesin.
- An insulated wire (refer patent document 4) etc. are mentioned.
- Japanese Patent No. 3396636 Japanese Patent No. 4584014 Japanese Patent No. 3299552 Japanese Patent No. 3276665
- Insulated wires that are coiled and used as windings for motors, etc. are required to contribute to miniaturization and higher efficiency of motors, etc. ing.
- the insulated wire containing air bubbles described in Patent Document 3 is an insulated wire used for communication applications, and cannot be said to be optimal as an insulated wire used as a winding of a motor or the like by forming a coil. It was.
- the insulated wire described in Patent Document 3 has a problem that the insulating layer is easily damaged when used as a winding because the surface of the insulating layer has insufficient wear resistance.
- This invention makes it a subject to provide the insulated wire which is excellent in damage resistance, and can make the conductor space factor of a motor and a transformer high, maintaining a high partial discharge start voltage.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a small-sized or high-efficiency motor that can selectively suppress partial discharge at the end of the insulated wire using the insulated wire having excellent performance. .
- the inventors of the present application in an insulated wire having a foamed insulating layer and an outer non-foamed insulating layer, the thickness deformation rate of the foamed insulating layer, the hardness of the outer non-foamed insulating layer, the foamed insulating layer and the outer non-foamed insulating layer
- both thickness ratios are set within a specific range
- the foam insulation layer and the outer non-foam insulation layer combine to increase the partial discharge start voltage of the insulated wire, while reducing the size and efficiency of the motor coil.
- the present invention was completed.
- the outer non-foamed insulating layer is coated, and the thickness deformation rate of the insulating layer when a pressure of 1 MPa is applied at 25 ° C. is 15% to 50%, and the pencil hardness of the outer non-foamed insulating layer Is an insulated wire in which the ratio of the thickness of the insulating layer to the thickness of the outer non-foamed insulating layer is 20:80 to 80:20.
- thermosetting resin has a glass transition temperature of 150 ° C. or higher.
- insulating layer contains closed cells.
- porosity of the insulating layer is 10% or more.
- the glass transition temperature refers to the lowest glass transition temperature when a plurality of glass transition temperatures exist.
- “indirectly covering” means covering through another layer.
- the foamed insulating layer covers the conductor via another layer
- the outer non-foamed insulating layer covers the foamed insulating layer via another layer.
- the other layer include an inner non-foamed insulating layer having no bubbles or an adhesion layer (adhesive layer) other than the above-described foamed insulating layer and outer non-foamed insulating layer.
- the motor coil can be reduced in size and heightened by relatively increasing the cross-sectional area ratio of the conductor in the cross-sectional area of the insulated wire when the motor is molded while exhibiting a high partial discharge start voltage and scratch resistance. Insulated wires that contribute to efficiency can be provided.
- partial discharge at the end of the insulated wire using the insulated wire having excellent performance can be selectively suppressed, and a small or highly efficient motor can be provided.
- FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of the insulated wire of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing another embodiment of the insulated wire of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a sectional view showing still another embodiment of the insulated wire of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a sectional view showing still another embodiment of the insulated wire of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing another embodiment of the insulated wire of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a sectional view showing still another embodiment of the insulated wire of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of an insulated wire according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which a conductor 1 having a circular cross section, a foamed insulating layer 2 covering the outer peripheral surface of the conductor 1, and a peripheral surface of the foamed insulating layer 2 are covered.
- the outer non-foamed insulating layer 3 is provided.
- the foamed insulating layer 2 and the outer non-foamed insulating layer 3 are also circular in cross section.
- the insulation shown in FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of an insulated wire according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which a conductor 1 having a circular cross section, a foamed insulating layer 2 covering the outer peripheral surface of the conductor 1, and a peripheral surface of the foamed insulating layer 2 are covered.
- the outer non-foamed insulating layer 3 is provided.
- the foamed insulating layer 2 and the outer non-foamed insulating layer 3 are
- an inner non-foamed insulating layer 25 is provided on the outer periphery of the conductor 1 inside the foamed insulating layer 2. It is the same as an electric wire.
- the insulation shown in FIG. 2 shown in cross-sectional view in FIG. 3, the insulation shown in FIG. 2 except that an adhesion layer 35 is interposed between the foamed insulating layer 2 and the outer non-foamed insulating layer 3. It is the same as an electric wire.
- Still another embodiment shown in a sectional view in FIG. 4 is the same as the insulated wire shown in FIG. 1 except that the conductor 1 has a rectangular cross section.
- the foamed insulating layer 2 and the outer non-foamed insulating layer 3 are also rectangular in cross section.
- Another embodiment shown in a sectional view in FIG. 5 is the same as the insulated wire shown in FIG. 2 except that the conductor 1 has a rectangular cross section.
- the foamed insulating layer 2 and the outer non-foamed insulating layer 3 are also rectangular in cross section.
- the conductor 1 has a rectangular cross section, and the rest is basically the same as the insulated wire shown in FIG.
- the foamed insulating layer 2 and the outer non-foamed insulating layer 3 are also rectangular in cross section.
- the same sign means the same thing, and description is not repeated.
- the “inner non-foamed insulating layer” is basically the same as the foamed insulating layer except that it does not have bubbles.
- the adhesion layer 35 is provided between the foamed insulating layer 2 and the outer non-foamed insulating layer 3 and improves the interlayer adhesion between the foamed insulating layer 2 and the outer non-foamed insulating layer 3. is there.
- the conductor 1 used for the insulated wire of the present invention those conventionally used for insulated wires can be used.
- the conductor 1 is formed of copper, copper alloy, aluminum, aluminum alloy, or a combination thereof.
- the cross section (cross section perpendicular to the axis) of the conductor 1 is not particularly limited, and a conductor having a desired shape can be used, and examples thereof include a circular shape and a rectangular shape.
- the conductor 1 preferably has a shape having at least corners in the cross section thereof, for example, a rectangular shape (rectangular shape) in terms of the occupation ratio with respect to the stator slot.
- the inner non-foamed insulating layer 25 is a layer that is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the conductor 1 and is formed of a thermosetting resin that forms the foamed insulating layer 2 to be described later, without bubbles, that is, in a non-foamed state.
- the inner non-foamed insulating layer 25 is formed as desired.
- the state having no bubbles includes not only the state in which no bubbles are present but also the case in which bubbles are present. That is, the inner non-foamed insulating layer 25 is formed by a method in which bubbles are not positively formed. For example, one or less bubbles may exist per 1 cm 2 of an arbitrary cross section.
- the foamed insulating layer 2 is a layer containing a thermosetting resin having bubbles, that is, a foamed thermosetting resin, and is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the conductor 1.
- a thermosetting resin having bubbles that is, a foamed thermosetting resin
- the foamed insulating layer 2 has bubbles, the dielectric constant of the foamed insulating layer 2 is lowered by the air present in the bubbles, and when the voltage is applied to the insulated wire wound around the motor, the insulation adjacent to each other Partial discharge and corona discharge generated in the air gap between the electric wires can be suppressed.
- the bubbles in the foamed insulating layer 2 may be closed cells, open cells, or both.
- the closed cell means a cell in which a hole in the bubble inner wall, that is, a communication opening with an adjacent bubble cannot be confirmed when a cross section of the foamed insulating layer 2 cut at an arbitrary cross section is observed with a microscope. Bubbles are those in which holes can be confirmed on the bubble inner wall when observed in the same manner. Even if the bubbles are deformed to momentary collapse in the longitudinal direction, that is, in the thickness direction, while maintaining the wear characteristics and mechanical characteristics of the foamed insulating layer 2, the internal pressure rises, and it is easy to return when the pressure is released.
- it contains closed cells.
- it is preferable that closed cells are included in that the increase in the dielectric constant can be suppressed without the solvent entering the bubbles and filling the bubbles even when immersed in a solvent or the like.
- the number of closed cells is 70% or more with respect to the total number of bubbles. Is more preferable, and it is still more preferable that it is 90% or more.
- the upper limit of the ratio of closed cells is naturally 100%, which is substantially 99% or less.
- the ratio of closed cells can be adjusted by the expansion ratio, the resin concentration in the varnish, the viscosity, the temperature at the time of varnish application, the addition amount of the foaming agent, the temperature of the baking furnace, and the like.
- the ratio of closed cells is determined by counting the total number of closed cells and the number of closed cells existing (opened) in the observation region obtained by observing the cross section of the foamed insulating layer 2 cut with an arbitrary cross section with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). It can be calculated by dividing the number of bubbles by the total number of bubbles.
- the communication bubble counts one hole opened in the inner wall of the bubble as one bubble.
- the average bubble diameter of the bubbles is preferably 5 ⁇ m or less from the viewpoint that the dielectric breakdown voltage can be maintained satisfactorily, more preferably 3 ⁇ m or less, and even more preferably 1 ⁇ m or less from the viewpoint that the dielectric breakdown voltage can be more reliably maintained. .
- the average bubble diameter is measured by observing the cross section of the foamed insulating layer 2 with a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the diameter of 20 arbitrarily selected bubbles is measured using image size measurement software (WinROOF, Mitani Corporation). It is a value calculated by measuring with and averaging these.
- the longest part is the diameter.
- the bubble diameter can be adjusted by the expansion ratio, the resin concentration in the varnish, the viscosity, the temperature at which the varnish is applied, the amount of foaming agent added, the temperature of the baking furnace, and the like.
- the foamed insulating layer 2 preferably has a porosity of 10% or more, and preferably has a porosity of 20% or more in terms of exhibiting a high dielectric breakdown voltage due to a decrease in relative dielectric constant. More preferably, it has a porosity of 30% or more.
- the porosity is preferably 80% or less, more preferably 70% or less, and even more preferably 60% or less in terms of mechanical strength of the foamed insulating layer 2.
- the porosity of the foamed insulating layer 2 can be adjusted by the foaming ratio, the resin concentration in the varnish, the viscosity, the temperature when applying the varnish, the amount of foaming agent added, the temperature of the baking furnace, and the like.
- the porosity is calculated from the volume (V1) of the foamed insulating layer 2 and the volume (V2) of the bubbles by the formula: V2 / V1 ⁇ 100 (%).
- the volume (V1) of the foamed insulating layer 2 is calculated by an ordinary method
- the volume (V2) of the bubbles is that the density of the bubbles is 0 and the density of the thermosetting resin forming the foamed insulating layer 2 Can be used to calculate.
- the foamed insulating layer 2 has a thickness deformation rate of 15% or more when a pressure of 1 MPa is applied at 25 ° C., specifically, when a pressure of 1 MPa is applied from the diameter direction.
- the thickness deformation rate is 15% or more
- the foamed insulating layer 2 is preferentially deformed and the thickness of the insulated wire is reduced.
- the stator slot has a certain size
- the insulated wire can be wound with a large number of windings in the stator slot, which can contribute to the high efficiency of the motor coil, that is, the motor.
- the thickness deformation rate is preferably 20% or more, and more preferably 25% or more in that it can contribute to further miniaturization and higher efficiency of the motor coil.
- the thickness deformation rate is preferably 50% or less from the viewpoint of maintaining the insulation characteristics, wear resistance, and flexibility. This thickness deformation rate can be adjusted by the type of the thermosetting resin that forms the foamed insulating layer 2, the bubble diameter, the void ratio, the expansion ratio, and the like.
- the thickness deformation rate of the foamed insulating layer 2 is the thickness Ti of the foamed insulating layer 2 (outer diameter of the foamed insulating layer 2/2) in the insulated wire before the pressure is applied, and (compression) deformation when a pressure of 1 MPa is applied.
- the thickness Ta of the foamed insulating layer 2 (the diameter of the compressed foamed insulating layer / 2) is calculated by the following formula. Formula: (Ta / Ti) ⁇ 100 (%)
- the method of applying a pressure of 1 MPa to the foamed insulating layer 2 is not particularly limited as long as it can apply a pressure of 1 MPa in the diameter direction of the foamed insulating layer 2.
- the thickness of the foamed insulating layer 2 is such that the ratio of the thickness of the foamed insulating layer 2 to the thickness of the outer non-foamed insulating layer 3 (hereinafter referred to as the thickness ratio) is in the range of 20:80 to 80:20.
- the thickness ratio the ratio of the thickness of the foamed insulating layer 2 to the thickness of the outer non-foamed insulating layer 3
- the thickness ratio is in the range of 20:80 to 80:20.
- This thickness ratio is more preferably 30:70 to 75:25, and is preferably 35:65 to 40:60 in that the partial discharge start voltage and thickness deformation rate of the insulated wire and the mechanical characteristics can be achieved at a high level. Is particularly preferred.
- the thickness of the foamed insulating layer 2 is not particularly limited as long as the above-mentioned thickness ratio is in the range of 20: 0 to 80:20, and is 10 to 200 ⁇ m. Accordingly, the thickness of the foamed insulating layer 2 is selected from the range of 10 to 200 ⁇ m so as to satisfy the thickness ratio.
- an outer non-foamed insulating layer By forming an outer non-foamed insulating layer on the outer side of the foamed insulating layer 2 with a highly scratch-resistant resin and allowing it to be appropriately deformed by application of pressure, it is at least according to the shape and space to be used. It can be adjusted to the required film thickness. Thereby, when the same conductor is used, an insulated wire having a higher conductor space factor can be obtained. It has been found that when the conductor space factor of the cross-section is improved, the efficiency can be increased when it is molded into a coil shape such as a motor.
- thermosetting resin that forms the foamed insulating layer 2 is preferably one that can be applied directly or indirectly to the conductor 1 as a varnish and baked to form bubbles and form a foamed insulating film.
- directly application means that the varnish is applied onto the conductor 1 via another layer, for example, the inner non-foamed insulating layer 25.
- a thermosetting resin contained in such a varnish for example, polyimide (PI), polyamideimide (PAI), polyesterimide (PEsI), polyester, or the like can be used.
- the thermosetting resin is preferably PAI, PI, polyester, or PEsI, which has a glass transition temperature of 150 ° C.
- the glass transition temperature of the thermosetting resin is more preferably 210 to 350 ° C. from the viewpoint of heat resistance.
- the glass transition temperature of the thermosetting resin can be measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).
- the thermosetting resin to be used may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types together.
- the polyamideimide is not particularly limited, but is obtained by a direct reaction of a tricarboxylic acid anhydride and a diisocyanate in a polar solvent, for example, by mixing a diamine with a tricarboxylic acid anhydride in a polar solvent.
- a product obtained by amidation with a diisocyanate can be used.
- PAI a commercially available product (for example, HI-406 (manufactured by Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd., trade name, etc.) can also be used.
- polyimide resins such as a thermosetting aromatic polyimide
- a thermosetting aromatic polyimide For example, it is obtained by making aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride and aromatic diamine react in a polar solvent.
- a polyamic-acid solution and thermosets by imidizing by the heat processing at the time of baking at the time of forming an insulating film is mentioned.
- Commercially available polyimide resins include U-imide (made by Unitika, trade name), U-Varnish (made by Ube Industries, trade name), HCI series (made by Hitachi Chemical, trade name), Aurum (made by Mitsui Chemicals, Product name) etc. can be used.
- the polyester that can be used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include those modified by adding a phenol resin or the like to an aromatic polyester.
- a polyester resin having a heat resistance class H can be used.
- Examples of commercially available H-type polyester resins include Isonel 200 (trade name, manufactured by Schenectady International).
- the polyesterimide is not particularly limited, but can be obtained by a conventional method, for example, by directly reacting a tricarboxylic acid anhydride and a diisocyanate in a polar solvent to form an imide skeleton, and then reacting a diol in the presence of a catalyst. And those synthesized by mixing a diamine with a tricarboxylic acid anhydride in a polar solvent to form an imide skeleton and then reacting with a diol.
- Examples of commercially available polyesterimide resins include Neoheat 8200K2, Neoheat 8600, and LITON 3300 (all trade names, manufactured by Tohoku Paint Co., Ltd.).
- a bubble nucleating agent an antioxidant, an antistatic agent, an ultraviolet ray inhibitor, a light stabilizer, Contains various additives such as fluorescent brighteners, pigments, dyes, compatibilizers, lubricants, reinforcing agents, flame retardants, crosslinking agents, crosslinking aids, plasticizers, thickeners, thickeners, and elastomers. Also good.
- a layer made of a resin containing these additives may be laminated on the obtained insulated wire, or a paint containing these additives may be coated.
- thermosetting resin that forms bubbles in the inside thereof may be mixed with a thermoplastic resin as long as the heat resistance is not impaired.
- a thermoplastic resin By blending the thermoplastic resin, it is possible to impart necessary mechanical properties to the insulated wire, such as flexibility, while suppressing thermal deformation in the manufacturing process.
- the glass transition temperature of the thermoplastic resin is preferably 150 ° C. or higher, more preferably 210 to 350 ° C.
- the glass transition temperature of the thermoplastic resin can be measured in the same manner as the glass transition temperature of the thermosetting resin.
- the amount of the thermoplastic resin added is preferably 1 to 40% by mass of the resin solid content.
- the thermoplastic resin that can be used for this purpose is preferably an amorphous resin in that it is difficult to generate stress due to a state change, such as crystallization and shrinkage due to heat.
- it is preferably at least one selected from polyetherimide, polyethersulfone, polyphenylene ether, polyphenylsulfone (PPSU) and polyimide.
- polyetherimide for example, Ultem (trade name, manufactured by GE Plastics) can be used.
- polyethersulfone examples include Sumika Excel PES (trade name, manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.), PES (trade name, manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals), Ultra Zone E (trade name, manufactured by BASF Japan), and Radel A (Solvay Advanced). (Trade name) manufactured by Polymers Co., Ltd. can be used.
- polyphenylene ether for example, Zylon (made by Asahi Kasei Chemicals, trade name), Iupiace (made by Mitsubishi Engineering Plastics, trade name), etc. can be used.
- polyphenylsulfone for example, Radel R (trade name, manufactured by Solvay Advanced Polymer Co., Ltd.) can be used.
- polyimide examples include U-varnish (trade name) manufactured by Ube Industries, HCI series (trade name, manufactured by Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd.), Uimide (product name, manufactured by Unitika Ltd.), and Aurum (product manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.). Name) etc. can be used.
- Polyphenylsulfone and polyetherimide are more preferable in that they are easily soluble in a solvent.
- amorphous means maintaining an amorphous state having almost no crystal structure, and means a characteristic that a polymer chain is in a random state upon curing.
- the foaming ratio of the foamed insulating layer 2 is 1 in that the relative dielectric constant of the foamed insulating layer 2 formed of a thermosetting resin having bubbles can be reduced and the thickness deformation rate can be adjusted to the above range. Two times or more is preferable, and 1.4 times or more is more preferable. Although there is no restriction
- the expansion ratio is calculated from ( ⁇ s / ⁇ f) by measuring the density of resin coated for foaming ( ⁇ f) and the density before foaming ( ⁇ s) by an underwater substitution method.
- the foamed insulating layer 2 is coated around the conductor 1 with an insulating varnish that is a mixture of a thermosetting resin and two or more, preferably three or more solvents including a specific organic solvent and at least one high-boiling solvent. It can be obtained by baking.
- the varnish may be applied directly on the conductor 1 or indirectly.
- the specific organic solvent of the varnish used for the foam insulation layer 2 acts as a solvent for dissolving the thermosetting resin.
- the organic solvent is not particularly limited as long as it does not inhibit the reaction of the thermosetting resin.
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- DMAC N-dimethylacetamide
- dimethyl sulfoxide N
- N Amide solvents such as dimethylformamide
- urea solvents such as N, N-dimethylethyleneurea, N, N-dimethylpropyleneurea and tetramethylurea
- lactone solvents such as ⁇ -butyrolactone and ⁇ -caprolactone, propylene carbonate, etc.
- Carbonate solvents such as methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone, ester solvents such as ethyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, butyl cellosolve acetate, butyl carbitol acetate, ethyl cellosolve acetate, ethyl carbitol acetate
- ester solvents such as ethyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, butyl cellosolve acetate, butyl carbitol acetate, ethyl cellosolve acetate, ethyl carbitol acetate
- glyme solvents such as diglyme, triglyme, and tetraglyme
- hydrocarbon solvents such as toluene, xylene, and cyclohexane
- sulfone solvents such as sulfolane.
- amide solvents and urea solvents are preferable in view of high solubility, high reaction acceleration, and the like, and N-methyl-2 is preferable in that it does not have a hydrogen atom that easily inhibits a crosslinking reaction by heating.
- -Pyrrolidone, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N, N-dimethylethyleneurea, N, N-dimethylpropyleneurea and tetramethylurea are more preferred, and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone is particularly preferred.
- the boiling point of the organic solvent is preferably 160 ° C. to 250 ° C., more preferably 165 ° C. to 210 ° C.
- the high-boiling solvent that can be used for forming bubbles is preferably one having a boiling point of 180 ° C. to 300 ° C., more preferably 210 ° C. to 260 ° C.
- diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetraethylene glycol monomethyl ether, or the like can be used.
- Triethylene glycol dimethyl ether is more preferable in terms of small variation in bubble diameter.
- dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether diethylene glycol ethyl methyl ether, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol butyl methyl ether, tripropylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol monophenyl ether, triethylene glycol Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, triethylene glycol butyl methyl ether, polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether, polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether and the like can be used.
- the high boiling point solvent may be one kind, but it is preferable to use a combination of at least two kinds in terms of obtaining an effect that bubbles are generated in a wide temperature range.
- Preferred combinations of at least two high boiling solvents are tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether and diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, diethylene glycol dibutyl ether and triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, triethylene glycol monomethyl ether and tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, triethylene glycol butyl methyl ether and tetraethylene.
- Glycol dimethyl ether more preferably a combination of diethylene glycol dibutyl ether and triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, triethylene glycol monomethyl ether and tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether.
- the high-boiling solvent for forming bubbles is characterized by a higher boiling point than the specific organic solvent that dissolves the thermosetting resin, and the boiling point of the high-boiling solvent added for forming bubbles is the evaporation of the solvent components of the varnish. It may be 50 ° C. or more from the start temperature. When one kind is added to the varnish, it is preferably 20 ° C. or higher than the specific organic solvent of the thermosetting resin at room temperature. Further, it has been found that when used in a single type, the high boiling point solvent serves as both a cell nucleating agent and a blowing agent.
- the one having the highest boiling point acts as a foaming agent
- the high-boiling solvent for forming bubbles having an intermediate boiling point acts as a bubble nucleating agent.
- the solvent having the highest boiling point is preferably 20 ° C. or higher, more preferably 30 to 60 ° C. higher than the specific organic solvent.
- the high boiling point solvent having an intermediate boiling point may have a boiling point between the high boiling point solvent acting as a blowing agent and the specific organic solvent, and preferably has a boiling point difference of 10 ° C. or more with the boiling point of the blowing agent. .
- a high boiling solvent having an intermediate boiling point can form uniform bubbles after baking of the varnish when the thermosetting solubility is higher than that of the high boiling solvent acting as a blowing agent.
- the ratio of the high-boiling solvent having the highest boiling point to the high-boiling solvent having the middle boiling point is, for example, 99/1 to 1/99 by mass ratio. It is preferable that the ratio is 10/1 to 1/10 in terms of ease of bubble formation.
- the foamed insulating layer 2 in the case where the foamed insulating layer 2 is formed using two or more kinds of solvents including the above-described high boiling point solvent, an insulating layer that does not contain bubbles is used to evaporate the high boiling point solvent. More energy is required than when forming. Further, when the outer non-foamed insulating layer 3 is formed, the foamed insulating layer 2 exerts a heat insulating effect, so that the heat energy of the conductor 1 does not efficiently conduct heat to the outer non-foamed insulating layer 3, and the outer It becomes difficult to burn.
- the present inventors improve the performance of the insulated wire, for example, scratch resistance, by increasing the hardness of the outer non-foamed insulating layer 3 by heating again after completion of the entire coating and baking.
- the outer non-foamed insulating layer 3 has sufficient hardness in order to exhibit excellent scratch resistance and efficiently generate crushing due to pressure so as to contribute to downsizing.
- the pencil hardness of the outer non-foamed insulating layer 3 is 4H or more at 25 ° C., and more preferably, the outer non-foamed insulating layer 3 can be more crushed when a pressure of 1 MPa is applied at 25 ° C. Therefore, it is 5H or more. If the pencil hardness of the outer non-foamed insulating layer made of a thermosetting resin is less than 4H, the outer non-foamed insulating layer 3 itself is liable to be crushed by the stress applied to the outer non-foamed insulating layer 3 as well as being inferior in scratch resistance. , The stress cannot be efficiently transmitted to the foamed insulating layer 2, and the insulated wire of the present invention is less likely to shrink.
- the upper limit of the pencil hardness of the outer non-foamed insulating layer 3 is 9H.
- the pencil hardness of the outer non-foamed insulating layer 3 is a hardness (enameled wire) according to the pencil hardness method defined in JIS-K 5600-5-4, and the outer non-foamed insulating layer 3 is measured based on this pencil hardness method. It is the value.
- This pencil hardness can be measured using an electric pencil scratch hardness tester (manufactured by Yasuda Seiki Seisakusho; No. 553-M1 (trade name)).
- the pencil hardness of the outer non-foamed insulating layer 3 is the same as the pencil hardness of the resin forming the outer non-foamed insulating layer 3, it can be adjusted by employing a resin having a pencil hardness in the above range.
- the outer non-foamed insulating layer 3 is formed of a thermosetting resin on the outer side of the foamed insulating layer 2.
- the outer non-foamed insulating layer 3 is formed of a thermosetting resin, it has the above-mentioned pencil hardness and can effectively transmit the stress or load acting on the outer non-foamed insulating layer 3 to the foamed insulating layer 2.
- the thermosetting resin that forms the outer non-foamed insulating layer 3 is not particularly limited, and various thermosetting resins exemplified for the foamed insulating layer 2 can be used.
- the thermosetting resin is preferably selected so that the outer non-foamed insulating layer 3 has the above-described pencil hardness.
- the pencil hardness of the selected thermosetting resin is in the above-mentioned range. It is preferable to have hardness.
- the thermosetting resin preferably has heat resistance because the insulated wire of the present invention is suitably used in a motor.
- a polyester resin, a polyimide resin, a polyesterimide resin, A polyamide-imide resin and the like are preferable.
- One type of thermosetting resin may be used, or a mixture of two or more types may be used.
- the resin used by the resin name shown above is not limited, Of course, resins other than those listed above can be used as long as they are superior in performance to those resins. is there.
- the outer non-foamed insulating layer 3 may be blended with a thermosetting resin and a thermoplastic resin as long as the hardness and heat resistance of the thermosetting resin are not impaired. This is because when the thermoplastic resin is blended, the mechanical strength necessary for the insulated wire, such as flexibility, tends to increase. In this case, the content of the thermoplastic resin in the outer non-foamed insulating layer 3 is 5 to 40% by mass, particularly preferably 5 to 20% by mass, in the resin component forming the outer non-foamed insulating layer 3. . In addition, when adding more than this, solvent resistance and heat-deformation temperature may fall.
- thermoplastic resin blended with the thermosetting resin examples include polycarbonate (PC), modified polyphenylene ether (mPPE), polyarylate, syndiotactic polystyrene resin (SPS), polyamideimide, polybenzimidazole (PBI), Examples thereof include polysulfone (PSF), polyethersulfone (PES), polyetherimide (PEI), polyphenylsulfone, and amorphous thermoplastic polyimide resin.
- PC polycarbonate
- mPPE modified polyphenylene ether
- SPS syndiotactic polystyrene resin
- PBI polybenzimidazole
- PSF polysulfone
- PES polyethersulfone
- PEI polyetherimide
- polyphenylsulfone polyphenylsulfone
- amorphous thermoplastic polyimide resin examples of the resin used is not limited by the resin name shown above, and it is needless to say that any resin other than those listed above can be used
- the thermosetting resin (including a blend with a thermoplastic resin. The same applies hereinafter) forming the outer non-foamed insulating layer 3 more preferably has a storage elastic modulus of 1 GPa or more at 25 ° C.
- the storage elastic modulus at 25 ° C. is less than 1 GPa, the thermosetting resin has a high effect of deformation.
- the function as a winding can be expressed such as the resin is broken when forming the coil. In some cases, such a problem occurs that a low load condition must be satisfied.
- the storage elastic modulus of the thermosetting resin used for the outer non-foamed insulating layer 3 is more preferably 2 GPa or more at 25 ° C.
- the storage elastic modulus of the thermosetting resin is a value measured using a viscoelasticity analyzer (manufactured by Seiko Instruments Inc .: DMS200 (trade name)). Specifically, storage elasticity in a state stabilized at 25 ° C. under the conditions of a temperature rising rate of 2 ° C./min and a frequency of 10 Hz using a 0.2 mm thick test piece made of a thermosetting resin. The measured value of the modulus is recorded, and this recorded value is taken as the 25 ° C. storage elastic modulus of the thermosetting resin.
- the outer non-foamed insulating layer 3 does not substantially contain a partial discharge resistant material.
- the partial discharge resistant substance is an insulating material that is not easily subjected to partial discharge deterioration, and is a substance that has an effect of improving the electric charging life characteristics by being dispersed in the insulating film of the electric wire.
- the partial discharge resistant material include oxides (metal or non-metal element oxides), nitrides, glasses, mica, etc., and specific examples include silica, titanium dioxide, alumina, barium titanate, Fine particles such as zinc oxide and gallium nitride are listed.
- substantially free of a partial discharge resistant material means that the partial non-foamed material is not actively contained in the outer non-foamed insulating layer 3 and is not completely contained.
- a content that does not impair the object of the present invention is also included.
- a content that does not impair the object of the present invention a content of 30 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the resin component forming the outer non-foamed insulating layer 3 can be mentioned.
- a dispersant may be added.
- Various additives such as a compatibilizer, a lubricant, a reinforcing agent, a flame retardant, a crosslinking agent, a crosslinking aid, a plasticizer, a thickener, a thickener, and an elastomer may be blended.
- the outer non-foamed insulating layer 3 is not particularly limited as long as the above thickness ratio is in the range of 20:80 to 80:20, and 20 to 150 ⁇ m is practical and preferable. As described above, the thickness of the outer non-foamed insulating layer 3 is determined in consideration of the partial discharge start voltage and mechanical characteristics, and is preferably a thickness that satisfies the above thickness ratio.
- the outer non-foamed insulating layer 3 can be formed by molding a varnish containing a thermosetting resin around the foamed insulating layer 2 by a molding method such as heat baking such as a casting method.
- This baking is usually performed by heating the varnish at a temperature equal to or higher than the temperature at which the thermosetting resin is cured.
- the heating time depends on the heating method, heating temperature, furnace shape, etc.
- the specific baking conditions are 400 to 600 ° C. in the case of an approximately 5 m hot air circulation type vertical furnace used. This can be achieved by setting the transit time at 10 to 90 seconds.
- the varnish thus baked is heated again to increase the hardness of the thermosetting resin, that is, the outer non-foamed insulating layer 3 to be formed.
- the baked varnish is heated to a temperature of 400 to 1000 ° C. for 0.25 to 600 seconds.
- the outer non-foamed insulating layer 3 is formed.
- the varnish can be formed by surrounding another foamed insulating layer 2 directly or between the other resin layers, for example, an adhesion layer 35.
- this varnish may contain, for example, various additives or organic solvents added to the varnish that forms the foamed insulating layer 2 in a range that does not affect the characteristics.
- the adhesion layer 35 is formed of a crystalline resin or an amorphous resin between the foamed insulating layer 2 and the outer non-foamed insulating layer 3 as desired.
- the adhesion layer 35 and the outer non-foamed insulating layer 3 may be formed of the same resin or different ones. Examples of the resin different from the outer non-foamed insulating layer 3 include the above-described thermoplastic resins such as polyetherimide and polyphenylsulfone.
- the adhesion layer 35 is formed next to the foamed insulating layer as a thin film having a thickness of less than 5 ⁇ m, for example. Depending on the molding conditions of the outer non-foamed insulating layer 3, when the adhesion layer 35 and the outer non-foamed insulating layer 3 are mixed to form an insulated wire, the accurate film thickness may not be measured.
- the insulated wire of the present invention can be manufactured by forming a foamed insulating layer on the outer peripheral surface of the conductor and then forming an outer non-foamed insulating layer.
- a varnish for forming the foamed insulating layer 2 is applied to the outer peripheral surface of the conductor 1 directly or indirectly, that is, if desired, via an inner non-foamed insulating layer, etc. It can manufacture by implementing the process of forming the layer 2, and the process of apply
- the inner non-foamed insulating layer can be formed by applying a varnish that forms the inner non-foamed insulating layer to the conductor and baking it, or by molding a resin composition, respectively.
- the adhesion layer 35 can be formed by applying a paint in which an amorphous resin dissolved in a solvent is applied to the foamed insulating layer 2 and evaporating the solvent.
- the same component as the coating material used for the foaming insulating layer 2 or the outer non-foaming insulating layer 3 may be contained in the solvent for forming the adhesion layer.
- the insulated wire of the present invention preferably has at least one foamed insulating layer.
- Such a foam insulating layer may be provided directly on the conductor, or may be provided on the outer periphery of the conductor via another layer.
- an adhesion layer containing an adhesion improving agent having excellent adhesion to the conductor may be formed.
- the adhesion layer can be formed by applying a thermosetting resin varnish for the adhesion layer on the conductor and baking and curing.
- the initial adhesion that is, the adhesion of the insulating film in the step of forming the insulating film on the conductor can be enhanced.
- the thermosetting resin that can be used for the adhesion layer include polyimide, polyurethane, polyamideimide, polyester, polybenzimidazole, polyphenylsulfone, polyesterimide, melamine resin, and epoxy resin.
- adhesion improvers include, for example, silane alkoxide adhesion improvers (silane coupling agents), titanium alkoxides, titanium acylates, titanium chelates such as titanium chelates, triazine adhesion improvers, imidazole adhesion improvers, and melamines.
- adhesion improvers for insulated wires such as system adhesion improvers, carbodiimide adhesion improvers, and thiol adhesion improvers can be used.
- the addition amount of the adhesion improving agent is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.01% by mass or more, preferably 10% by mass or less, and preferably about 0.01 to 10% by mass with respect to the resin solid content.
- limiting in particular in the thickness of an adhesion layer it is 1 micrometer or more.
- the insulated wire of the present invention has the above characteristics and can be used in fields requiring voltage resistance and heat resistance, such as various electric devices (also referred to as electronic devices).
- the insulated wire of the present invention is used for a motor, a transformer, etc., and can constitute a high-performance electric device.
- it is suitably used as a winding for a drive motor of HV (hybrid car) or EV (electric car).
- HV hybrid car
- EV electric car
- the insulated wire of this invention is used for a motor coil, it is also called the insulated wire for motor coils.
- the motor using the insulated wire of the present invention as a winding in a motor coil pressure was applied in the direction of reducing the outer diameter of the insulated wire of the present invention, and the thickness of the insulating layer of the insulated wire of the present invention was reduced.
- a motor in which the insulated wire of the present invention is wound around a stator slot in a state is preferable.
- the motor according to the present invention is small in size, provided that the wound portion other than the end portion of the insulated wire according to the present invention is crushed and the end portion is not wound around the stator slot and is not crushed.
- high efficiency can be achieved, and partial discharge at the end portion where partial discharge is likely to occur can be selectively suppressed.
- the reason why the motor of the present invention can selectively suppress the partial discharge at the end portion of the insulated wire is reduced by the foamed insulating layer 2 because the end portion is not wound around the stator slot and is not crushed. That is, the relative permittivity can be maintained.
- the reason why high efficiency can be achieved even if the motor of the present invention is small is that the central portion of the insulated wire of the present invention is wound around the stator slot so that a large number of insulated wires are wound by the stator slot. There is something that can be done.
- the end portion that is easily partially discharged maintains a small dielectric constant without crushing the foamed insulating layer 2, while the center portion that is relatively difficult to partially discharge is crushed and more. It is configured to be wound. That is, according to the present invention, in a foamed insulating layer with reduced relative permittivity, which is easy to be crushed, it is difficult to realize in the prior art by not crushing portions that are easy to be partially discharged and crushing portions that are difficult to be partially discharged. It is possible to provide a small and high-efficiency motor that is difficult to partially discharge.
- the structure that can reduce the size of the motor by preventing the end of the insulated wire from being crushed includes a cylindrical stator core having slots and teeth, and a stator winding housed in the slot. And a stator constituted by a rotating electrical machine.
- the enameled wire is formed into a coil structure, concentrated around each tooth of the stator and accommodated in the stator, and both ends pulled out of the stator are appropriately joined with a conductor exposed by peeling off the insulating layer, A highly efficient motor is formed.
- the insulated wire of this invention is coil-formed in a surface contact state mutually, you may be located in parallel mutually in it.
- % indicating the composition means “% by mass”.
- the insulated wires of Examples and Comparative Examples were produced as follows.
- Example 1 The insulated wire shown in FIG. 2 was produced as follows. First, a foamed polyamideimide varnish used to form the foamed insulating layer 2 was produced as follows. HI-406 (trade name, manufactured by Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd.) was placed in a 2 L separable flask, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether and diethylene glycol dibutyl ether were added to the solution as bubble forming agents, and further diluted with dimethyl sulfoxide. Moreover, HI-406 was used as the polyamide varnish for forming the inner non-foamed insulating layer 25 used to form the inner non-foamed insulating layer 25. This varnish was made into a 30 mass% solution using NMP as a solvent.
- NMP as a solvent
- each varnish was applied by dip coating, and the coating amount was adjusted by a die.
- the prepared polyamidoimide varnish for forming the inner non-foamed insulating layer is applied to the copper conductor 1 having a circular cross section of 1.0 mm ⁇ , and this is baked at a furnace temperature of 510 ° C. to form an inner non-foamed insulation having a thickness of 4 ⁇ m.
- Layer 25 was formed.
- the prepared polyamideimide varnish was applied on the inner non-foamed insulating layer 25 and baked at a furnace temperature of 505 ° C. to form a foamed insulating layer 2 having a thickness of 19 ⁇ m.
- a molded body (also referred to as an underline) in which the inner non-foamed insulating layer 25 and the foamed insulating layer 2 were formed was obtained.
- HI-406 (trade name, manufactured by Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd.) was baked at a furnace temperature of 510 ° C. and coated to a thickness of 33 ⁇ m on the underline, and then heated to 600 ° C.
- the outer non-foamed insulating layer 3 was formed by heating again for 2 seconds with (manufactured by Koyo Thermo Systems Co., Ltd .; KTF030N1 (trade name)).
- the insulated wire of Example 1 was manufactured.
- Example 2 The insulated wire shown in FIG. 1 was produced as follows.
- the foamed polyamideimide varnish prepared in Example 1 was directly applied to the outer peripheral surface of a copper conductor 1 having a circular cross section of 1.0 mm ⁇ and baked at a furnace temperature of 510 ° C. to form a foam insulation layer 2 having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m.
- a molded body (underline) was obtained.
- HI-406 trade name, manufactured by Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd.
- the outer non-foamed insulating layer 3 was formed by heating again for 20 seconds with (manufactured by Koyo Thermo Systems Co., Ltd .; KTF030N1 (trade name)). Thus, the insulated wire of Example 2 was manufactured.
- a foamed polyimide varnish used to form the foamed insulating layer 2 was produced as follows. Into a 2 L separable flask, Uimide (NMP solution having a resin component of 25% by mass) (product name, manufactured by Unitika Ltd.) was added, and NMP, DMAC and tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether were added as solvents to obtain a solution.
- the polyimide varnish for forming the inner non-foamed insulating layer 25 used to form the inner non-foamed insulating layer 25 was prepared by using Uimide and adding DMAC as a solvent to the resin.
- a polyimide varnish for forming an inner non-foamed insulating layer is applied to the outer peripheral surface of a rectangular copper conductor 1 having a 1.8 ⁇ 3.4 mm (thickness ⁇ width) and chamfer radius r of four corners of 0.3 mm, and this is applied to the furnace temperature.
- the inner non-foamed insulating layer 25 having a thickness of 4 ⁇ m was formed by baking at 520 ° C. Subsequently, the prepared polyimide varnish was applied onto the inner non-foamed insulating layer 25 and baked at a furnace temperature of 520 ° C. to form a foamed insulating layer 2 having a thickness of 60 ⁇ m.
- the molded object (underlining) in which the inner non-foaming insulating layer 25 and the foaming insulating layer 2 were formed was obtained.
- a polyimide furnace varnish (U imide) was baked at a furnace temperature of 505 ° C. and coated to a thickness of 30 ⁇ m on this underline, and then heated to 700 ° C. (manufactured by Koyo Thermo Systems; The outer non-foamed insulating layer 3 was formed by heating again for 20 seconds with KTF030N1) (trade name)).
- KTF030N1 trade name
- Example 4 The insulated wire shown in FIG. 6 was produced as follows. First, a foamed polyester imide varnish (PEsI in Table 1) used to form the foamed insulating layer 2 was prepared as follows. Polyesterimide varnish (Neoheat 8600A; manufactured by Tohoku Paint Co., Ltd., trade name) was placed in a 2 L separable flask, and NMP, DMAC and triethylene glycol dimethyl ether were added as solvents. The polyesterimide varnish for forming the inner non-foamed insulating layer 25 used for forming the inner non-foamed insulating layer 25 was Neoheat 8600A, and DMAC was added to the resin as a solvent to make a 30% solution.
- PEsI in Table 1 used to form the foamed insulating layer 2 was prepared as follows. Polyesterimide varnish (Neoheat 8600A; manufactured by Tohoku Paint Co., Ltd., trade name) was placed in a 2 L separable flask, and NMP, DMAC
- a polyesterimide varnish for forming an inner non-foamed insulating layer was applied to the outer peripheral surface of a flat copper conductor 1 having a 1.8 ⁇ 3.4 mm (thickness ⁇ width) and chamfered radius r of four corners of 0.3 mm.
- An inner non-foamed insulating layer 25 having a thickness of 3 ⁇ m was formed by baking at a temperature of 500 ° C.
- the prepared foamed polyesterimide varnish was applied onto the inner non-foamed insulating layer 25 and baked at a furnace temperature of 520 ° C. to form a foamed insulating layer 2 having a thickness of 30 ⁇ m.
- Example 4 a liquid in which 20 g of PPSU (Radel R (trade name), Solvay) was dissolved in 100 g of NMP was applied and baked at 520 ° C. In this manner, a molded body (underline) in which the inner non-foamed insulating layer 25, the foamed insulating layer 2, and the adhesion layer 35 (thickness 3 ⁇ m) were formed was obtained.
- HI-406 trade name, manufactured by Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd.
- the outer non-foamed insulating layer 3 was formed by heating again with Koyo Thermo Systems; KTF030N1 (trade name) for 20 seconds.
- the insulated wire of Example 4 was manufactured.
- Example 5 The insulated wire shown in FIG. 6 was produced as follows.
- the polyamide-imide varnish for forming the inner non-foamed insulating layer prepared in Example 1 is applied to the outer peripheral surface of a flat copper conductor 1 having a chamfer radius r of 0.3 mm at 1.8 ⁇ 3.4 mm (thickness ⁇ width). This was applied and baked at a furnace temperature of 520 ° C. to form an inner non-foamed insulating layer 25 having a thickness of 3 ⁇ m.
- foamed polyester varnish LITON 2100S (trade name, manufactured by Tohoku Paint Co., Ltd., resin component 40% by mass solution) is applied on the inner non-foamed insulating layer 25, and this is baked at a furnace temperature of 505 ° C. to foam with a thickness of 33 ⁇ m.
- An insulating layer 2 was formed.
- a liquid obtained by dissolving polyetherimide (PEI, Ultem (trade name), manufactured by SABIC) in NMP was applied and baked at 520 ° C.
- PEI polyetherimide
- Ultem trade name
- Example 3 the polyimide varnish (U imide) prepared in Example 3 was baked at a furnace temperature of 520 ° C. and coated to a thickness of 30 ⁇ m, and then heated to 700 ° C.
- the outer non-foamed insulating layer 3 was formed by heating again with Koyo Thermo Systems, Ltd .; KTF030N1) (trade name)) for 20 seconds.
- the insulated wire of Example 5 was manufactured.
- Example 6 The insulated wire shown in FIG. 1 was produced as follows.
- the foamed polyamideimide varnish prepared in Example 1 was directly applied to the outer peripheral surface of a copper conductor 1 having a circular cross section of 1.0 mm ⁇ and baked at a furnace temperature of 530 ° C. to form a foam insulating layer 2 having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m.
- a molded body (underline) was obtained.
- a varnish used to form the outer non-foamed insulating layer 3 was produced as follows.
- polyamideimide (HI-406) and polycarbonate (PC, Iupilon (trade name) manufactured by Mitsubishi Engineering Plastics), which is a thermoplastic resin, are mixed, and NMP is used as a solvent for 1000 g of this mixture. It was set as the solution.
- the prepared solution was applied to the prepared underline, and the tube was baked at a furnace temperature of 450 ° C. and coated to a thickness of 30 ⁇ m, and then heated to 400 ° C. (manufactured by Koyo Thermo Systems) KTF030N1) (trade name)) and heated again for 1 second to form the outer non-foamed insulating layer 3.
- KTF030N1 trade name
- Example 7 The insulated wire shown in FIG. 2 was produced as follows.
- the polyamide imide varnish for forming the inner non-foaming insulating layer prepared in Example 1 was applied to the outer peripheral surface of the copper conductor 1 having a circular cross section of 1.0 mm ⁇ , and this was baked at a furnace temperature of 510 ° C. to be inner non-foamed with a thickness of 3 ⁇ m.
- An insulating layer 25 was formed.
- the foamed polyamideimide varnish prepared in Example 1 was directly applied onto the inner non-foamed insulating layer 25, and this was baked at a furnace temperature of 530 ° C.
- Example 7 was manufactured.
- HI-406 (trade name, manufactured by Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd.) was baked and coated at a furnace temperature of 530 ° C. so as to have a thickness of 20 ⁇ m with respect to the underline, and then heated to 600 ° C.
- the outer non-foamed insulating layer 3 was formed by heating again with Koyo Thermo Systems; KTF030N1 (trade name) for 20 seconds.
- the insulated wire of Example 7 was manufactured.
- Comparative Example 1 An insulated wire of Comparative Example 1 was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the thickness of the foamed insulating layer was changed to 80 ⁇ m and the outer non-foamed insulating layer was not formed.
- Comparative Example 2 In the same manner as in Example 1, a molded body (underlined line) in which an inner non-foamed insulating layer 25 and a foamed insulating layer having a thickness of 5 ⁇ m were formed was obtained. Next, an outer non-foamed insulating layer having a thickness of 100 ⁇ m was formed in the same manner as in Example 3 using a polyimide varnish (U imide) for the underline. In this way, an insulated wire of Comparative Example 2 was manufactured.
- a polyimide varnish U imide
- Comparative Example 3 Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS, manufactured by DIC, trade name: FZ-2100), which is a thermoplastic resin, was used to form the outer non-foamed insulating layer.
- PPS Polyphenylene sulfide
- FZ-2100 thermoplastic resin
- Example 4 In the same manner as in Example 1, an inner non-foamed insulating layer and a foamed insulating layer having a thickness of 100 ⁇ m were formed on a conductor, and PPSU 20 g (Radel R (trade name), manufactured by Solvay) was dissolved in 100 g of NMP on the foamed insulating layer. The liquid was applied and baked at 510 ° C. Thus, the molded object (underlining) in which the inner non-foaming insulating layer, the foaming insulating layer, and the adhesion layer were formed was obtained. Next, HI-406 (trade name, manufactured by Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd.) is baked at a furnace temperature of 510 ° C. and covered to a thickness of 3 ⁇ m to form the outer non-foamed insulating layer 3. did. In this way, an insulated wire of Comparative Example 4 was produced.
- PPSU 20 g Radel R (trade name), manufactured by Solvay) was dissolved in 100 g
- Comparative Example 5 An insulated wire of Comparative Example 5 was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the thickness of the foamed insulating layer was changed to 5 ⁇ m.
- Example 6 Comparative Example 6 except that the thickness of the inner non-foamed insulating layer was changed to 5 ⁇ m, the adhesion layer was not provided, the thickness of the foamed insulating layer was changed to 30 ⁇ m, and the porosity of the foamed insulating layer was changed to 82%. Thus, an insulated wire of Comparative Example 6 was produced.
- Table 1 shows the physical properties and evaluation test results of the insulated wires obtained in Examples 1 to 7 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6.
- the evaluation method is as follows.
- the average bubble diameter of the foamed insulating layer 2 was determined by randomly selecting 20 bubbles in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of the cross section in the thickness direction of the foamed insulating layer 2, and image size measurement software (WinROOF manufactured by Mitani Corporation) ) was used to calculate the average bubble diameter in the diameter measurement mode, and the obtained value was taken as the bubble diameter. Furthermore, the ratio between the thickness of the foamed insulating layer 2 and the thickness of the outer non-foamed insulating layer 3 was calculated.
- the thickness deformation rate in the examples and comparative examples was observed using a microscope (VHX-1000, manufactured by Keyence Corporation). Before applying the pressure, the insulated wire was embedded in an epoxy resin and polished perpendicular to the line direction so that the cross section of the insulated wire could be observed.
- a universal material tester manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, trade name: Autograph AGS-H
- two stainless steel plates also called SUS plates
- the epoxy resin was poured into the SUS plate and solidified to obtain a sample made of a cured product of the SUS plate, the insulated wire, and the epoxy resin.
- the thickness deformation rate before and after compression was calculated from the above formula by measuring the cross section with a microscope in the same manner as before applying pressure.
- V represents the discharge partial discharge start voltage
- t represents the thickness of the entire insulating layer
- ⁇ represents the relative dielectric constant of the entire insulating layer.
- the relative dielectric constant of the entire insulating layer refers to a value calculated by the following equation from the capacitance of the insulated wire and the outer diameter of the conductor and the insulated wire.
- ⁇ r * Cp ⁇ Log (b / a) / (2 ⁇ 0 )
- .epsilon.r * the relative dielectric constant of the entire insulating layer, Cp capacitance per unit length [pF / m]
- a is the outer diameter of the conductor
- b is the outer diameter of the insulated wire
- epsilon 0 is the vacuum
- the dielectric constant (8.855 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 12 [F / m]) is expressed respectively.
- LCR high tester manufactured by Hioki Electric Co., Ltd., Model 3532-50 (trade name: LCR high tester)
- the measurement temperature was set to 25 ° C. and 250 ° C.
- the insulated wire was put in a thermostat set to a predetermined temperature, and the measurement was performed when the temperature became constant.
- each manufactured insulated wire was evaluated as follows. In other words, when the cross-sectional shape of the conducting wire is circular, it is wound around a cylindrical body (self-diameter winding) having the same outer diameter as the diameter of the insulated wire, while when the conducting wire has a rectangular cross-sectional shape, It was wound around a cylindrical body having the same outer diameter as the short side length, and the appearance of the wound insulated wire was observed with a microscope (manufactured by Keyence Corporation: VHX-2000 (trade name)).
- a conductor having a circular or rectangular cross section, a foam insulation layer 2 having a thickness deformation rate of 15% or more and 50% or less, and an outer non-foam insulation layer 3 having a pencil hardness of 4H or more.
- Each of the insulated wires of Examples 1 to 7 in which the thickness ratio between the foamed insulating layer 2 and the outer non-foamed insulating layer 3 is in the range of 20:80 to 80:20 has a high partial discharge starting voltage.
- the thickness reduction rate of the foam insulation layer 2 due to the collapse of the specified pressure environment is large, and when the motor is molded, the cross-sectional area ratio of the conductor in the cross-sectional area of the insulated wire can be relatively increased, and the scratch resistance is also excellent. It was. Therefore, it turns out that the insulated wire of this invention can contribute to size reduction and high efficiency of a motor coil.
- Comparative Example 1 which does not have the outer non-foamed insulating layer 3 has a high partial discharge start voltage but cannot satisfy the requirements for an insulated wire including flexibility and scratch resistance because there is no outer film.
- Comparative Example 2 and Comparative Example 5 in which the thickness of the foamed insulating layer 2 is small and the thickness ratio of the foamed insulating layer 2 to the outer non-foamed insulating layer 3 is not within the range of 20:80 to 80:20 In addition, the product ratio could not be reduced and the dielectric constant of the insulating layer could not be lowered, and the partial discharge starting voltage was low.
- Comparative Example 4 in which the thickness of the foamed insulating layer 2 is large and the thickness ratio between the foamed insulating layer 2 and the outer non-foamed insulating layer 3 is not within the range of 20:80 to 80:20 is The hardness was small, the conductor space factor could not be reduced, and the scratch resistance could not be satisfied. Further, in Comparative Example 3 in which the outer non-foamed insulating layer was formed only from the thermoplastic resin, the hardness of the outer non-foamed insulating layer was small, the conductor space factor could not be reduced, and the scratch resistance could not be satisfied. Moreover, the comparative example 6 whose thickness deformation rate is 55% was inferior to the flexibility. Thus, it can be seen that none of the insulated wires of Comparative Examples 1 to 6 can improve the partial discharge start voltage and scratch resistance, or reduce the size or increase the efficiency of the motor coil.
- Example 8 A motor was manufactured using the insulated wire of Example 1. That is, a motor was manufactured by winding a coil around a stator slot with a winding machine and inserting the coil into the slot. The end portion of the insulated wire is outside the slot and is not crushed. The motor manufactured in this way was confirmed to be small and highly efficient, with partial discharge suppressed at the end of the insulated wire.
- the insulated wires of Examples 1 and 7 have a cross section shown in FIG. 2 having an inner non-foamed insulating layer 25, a foamed insulating layer 2, and an outer non-foamed insulating layer 3.
- the insulated wires of Examples 2 and 6 have the cross section shown in FIG. 1 having a foam insulation layer 2 and an outer non-foam insulation layer 3.
- the insulated wire of Example 3 has a cross section shown in FIG. 5 having an inner non-foamed insulating layer 25, a foamed insulating layer 2, and an outer non-foamed insulating layer 3.
- the insulated wires of Examples 4 and 5 have the cross section shown in FIG.
- the insulated wire of the present invention is not limited to these, and various configurations having a foamed insulating layer and an outer non-foamed insulating layer can be adopted.
- a foamed insulating layer and an outer non-foamed insulating layer can be adopted.
- the insulated wires shown in FIGS. It may have at least one internal non-foamed insulating layer that is divided into a plurality of layers in the thickness direction.
- This inner non-foamed insulating layer is basically the same as the inner non-foamed insulating layer 25 except for the regulated position.
- the present invention can be used in fields that require voltage resistance and heat resistance, such as automobiles and various electric and electronic devices.
- the insulated wire of the present invention can be used in motors, transformers and the like to provide high-performance electric / electronic devices.
- the insulated wire of the present invention is suitable as a winding for an HV or EV drive motor.
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Abstract
Description
しかし、例えば、特許文献3に記載された気泡を含む絶縁電線は、通信用途に用いられる絶縁電線であり、コイル成形してモータ等の巻線として用いられる絶縁電線として最適なものとは言えなかった。特に、特許文献3に記載された絶縁電線は、絶縁層表面の耐摩耗性が十分でないため、巻線として用いた場合に絶縁層に傷が付きやすいという問題があった。
また、本発明は、この優れた性能の絶縁電線を用いた、絶縁電線の末端部での部分放電を選択的に抑制することができ、小型又は高効率のモータを提供することを課題とする。
(1)導体と、該導体の外周面を直接又は間接的に被覆する、発泡熱硬化性樹脂を含む絶縁層(発泡絶縁層ということがある)と、該絶縁層の外周面を直接又は間接的に被覆する外側非発泡絶縁層とを備え、25℃において1MPaの圧力をかけた際の前記絶縁層の厚み変形率が15%以上50%以下であり、前記外側非発泡絶縁層の鉛筆硬度が4H以上であり、前記絶縁層の厚みと前記外側非発泡絶縁層の厚みとの比が20:80~80:20である絶縁電線。
(2)前記熱硬化性樹脂のガラス転移温度が150℃以上である(1)に記載の絶縁電線。
(3)前記絶縁層が、独立気泡を含んでいる(1)又は(2)のいずれか1項に記載の絶縁電線。
(4)前記絶縁層の空隙率が10%以上である(1)~(3)のいずれか1項に記載の絶縁電線。
(5)モータコイル用の巻線として用いられる(1)~(4)のいずれか1項に記載の絶縁電線。
(6)(1)~(5)のいずれか1項に記載の絶縁電線を、該絶縁電線の外径を縮径する方向に圧力をかけ、前記絶縁層の厚さを低減させた状態で、ステータースロットに巻回させてなるモータ。
また、本発明において、「間接的に被覆する」とは、他の層を介して被覆することを意味する。例えば、発泡絶縁層が他の層を介して導体を被覆していること、また外側非発泡絶縁層が他の層を介して発泡絶縁層を被覆していることを、意味する。ここで、他の層としては、例えば、上述の発泡絶縁層及び外側非発泡絶縁層以外の、気泡をもたない内側非発泡絶縁層又は密着層(接着層)等が挙げられる。
図2に断面図を示した本発明の絶縁電線の別の実施態様では、発泡絶縁層2の内側であって導体1の外周に内側非発泡絶縁層25を設けた以外は図1に示す絶縁電線と同様である。
図3に断面図を示した本発明の絶縁電線のまた別の実施態様では、発泡絶縁層2と外側非発泡絶縁層3との間に密着層35を介装した以外は図2に示す絶縁電線と同様である。
図5に断面図を示した別の実施態様は、導体1として断面が矩形のものを用いたもので、それ以外は基本的に図2に示す絶縁電線と同様である。この実施態様は発泡絶縁層2及び外側非発泡絶縁層3も断面が矩形である。
図6に断面図を示したまた別の実施態様は、導体1として断面が矩形のものを用いたもので、それ以外は基本的に図3に示す絶縁電線と同様である。この実施態様は発泡絶縁層2及び外側非発泡絶縁層3も断面が矩形である。
以上の各図において同符号は同じものを意味し、説明を繰り返さない。
また、本発明において、密着層35は、発泡絶縁層2と外側非発泡絶縁層3との間に設けられ、発泡絶縁層2と外側非発泡絶縁層3との層間密着力を向上させる層である。
導体1の横断面(軸線に垂直な断面)は、特に限定されるものではなく、所望の形状のものを使用でき、例えば、円形、矩形状等が挙げられる。導体1は、図4~図6に示されるように、ステータースロットに対する占有率の点で、その横断面において少なくとも角を有する形状、例えば、平角形状(矩形)であるのが好ましい。更には、角部からの部分放電を抑制するという点において、4隅に面取り(半径r)を設けた形状であることが望ましい。
独立気泡の割合は、任意の断面で切断した発泡絶縁層2の断面を走査電子顕微鏡(SEM)で観察した観察領域に存在(開口)する全気泡数と独立気泡数とを計数して、独立気泡数を全気泡数で除することで、算出できる。なお、連通気泡は、計数対象の気泡に加えて、この気泡の内壁に開口している穴1個も1個の気泡として計数する。
空隙率は、発泡絶縁層2の体積(V1)及び気泡の体積(V2)から、式:V2/V1×100(%) により、算出される。ここで、発泡絶縁層2の体積(V1)は常法により算出され、気泡の体積(V2)は気泡の密度が0であること及び発泡絶縁層2を形成している熱硬化性樹脂の密度を使用して算出できる。
式 : (Ta/Ti)×100 (%)
なお、発泡絶縁層2に1MPaの圧力をかける方法は、発泡絶縁層2の直径方向に1MPaの圧力をかけることができる方法であれば、特に限定されず、例えば、絶縁電線を挟んだ2枚のステンレス鋼に1MPaの圧力をかける方法が挙げられる。この方法では、発泡絶縁層2に直接1MPaの圧力がかかるわけではないが、外側非発泡絶縁層3は膜厚が薄く圧力をほとんど吸収しないので、現実的には、絶縁電線に1MPaの圧力をかけたのと同じであり、これにより発泡絶縁層2の厚み変形率を測定することができる。
発泡絶縁層2の厚みは、上述の厚み比が20:0~80:20の範囲内となる厚みであれば、特に制限はなく、10~200μmであるが実際的であり、好ましい。したがって、発泡絶縁層2の厚みは、10~200μmの範囲内から、厚み比を満たすように、選択される。
熱硬化性樹脂は、ガラス転移温度が150℃以上で絶縁電線の耐熱性向上に寄与する、PAI、PI、ポリエステル、PEsIが好ましく、PAIがさらに好ましい。熱硬化性樹脂のガラス転移温度は、耐熱性の点で、210~350℃であるのがさらに好ましい。熱硬化性樹脂のガラス転移温度は、示差走査熱量測定(DSC)によって、測定できる。なお、使用する熱硬化性樹脂は、1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。
ポリエーテルイミドとしては、例えば、ウルテム(GEプラスチック社製、商品名)等を使用することができる。ポリエーテルスルホンとしては、例えば、スミカエクセルPES(住友化学社製、商品名)、PES(三井化学社製、商品名)、ウルトラゾーンE(BASFジャパン社製、商品名)、レーデルA(ソルベイアドバンストポリマーズ社製、商品名)等を使用することができる。ポリフェニレンエーテルとしては、例えば、ザイロン(旭化成ケミカルズ社製、商品名)、ユピエース(三菱エンジニアリングプラスチックス社製、商品名)等を使用することができる。ポリフェニルスルホンとしては、例えば、レーデルR(ソルベイアドバンストポリマー社製、商品名)等を使用することができる。ポリイミドとしては、例えば、U-ワニス(宇部興産社製、商品名)、HCIシリーズ(日立化成社製、商品名)、Uイミド(ユニチカ社製、商品名)、オーラム(三井化学社製、商品名)等を使用することができる。溶剤に溶けやすい点においてポリフェニルスルホン、ポリエーテルイミドがより好ましい。
本発明において、「非晶性」とはほとんど結晶構造を持たない無定形状態を保つことをいい、硬化時に高分子の鎖がランダムな状態になる特性をいう。
熱硬化性樹脂の貯蔵弾性率は、粘弾性アナライザー(セイコーインスツルメンツ株式会社製:DMS200(商品名))を用いて測定される値である。具体的には、熱硬化性樹脂で作製された厚み0.2mmの試験片を用いて、昇温速度2℃/min及び周波数10Hzの条件にて、25℃に安定させた状態での貯蔵弾性率の測定値を記録し、この記録値を熱硬化性樹脂の25℃貯蔵弾性率とする。
本発明においては、このようにして焼き付けられたワニスを、再度加熱して、熱硬化性樹脂、すなわち形成される外側非発泡絶縁層3の硬度を上昇させる。具体的には、焼き付けたワニスを、400~1000℃の温度に0.25~600秒加熱する。このようにして外側非発泡絶縁層3を形成する。ワニスの成形は発泡絶縁層2の周囲に直接又は間に別の樹脂層、例えば密着層35を介在させて行うこともできる。このワニスは、熱硬化性樹脂に加えて、例えば、発泡絶縁層2を形成するワニスに添加される各種添加剤又は有機溶剤等を、特性に影響を及ぼさない範囲で含有していてもよい。
内側非発泡絶縁層は、内側非発泡絶縁層を形成するワニスを導体に塗布し、焼付けることによって、又は樹脂組成物を成形することによって、それぞれ、形成できる。
密着層35は、発泡絶縁層2上に、溶媒に溶解させた非晶性樹脂を溶解させた塗料を塗布し、溶媒を蒸発させることによって、形成できる。なお、密着層を形成するための塗料は発泡絶縁層2又は外側非発泡絶縁層3に使用される塗料と同じ成分が溶剤に含まれていてもよい。
密着層に使用できる熱硬化性樹脂としては、例えば、ポリイミド、ポリウレタン、ポリアミドイミド、ポリエステル、ポリベンゾイミダゾール、ポリフェニルスルホン、ポリエステルイミド、メラミン樹脂、エポキシ樹脂等を挙げることができる。
密着改良剤としては、例えば、シランアルコキシド系密着改良剤(シランカップリング剤)、チタンアルコキシド、チタンアシレート、チタンキレート等チタン系密着改良剤、トリアジン系密着改良剤、イミダゾール系密着改良剤、メラミン系密着改良剤、カルボジイミド系密着改良剤、チオール系密着改良剤等、絶縁電線の密着改良剤として通常用いられるものを用いることができる。
密着改良剤の添加量に特に制限はないが、樹脂固形分に対して0.01質量以上が好ましく、10質量%以下が好ましく、0.01~10質量%程度が好ましい。また、密着層の厚みに特に制限はないが、1μm以上であることが好ましい。
このように、本発明のモータは、部分放電し易い末端部は発泡絶縁層2を圧潰させることなく小さな比誘電率を維持させ、一方、比較的部分放電しにくい中央部は圧潰させてより多く巻回されるように、構成されている。すなわち、本発明は、比誘電率を低減した、圧潰しやすい発泡絶縁層において、部分放電し易い箇所は圧潰させず、部分放電しにくい部分は圧潰させることによって、従来、実現が困難であった、部分放電しにくい小型で高効率のモータを提供できる。
図2に示す絶縁電線を下記のようにして作製した。まず、発泡絶縁層2を形成するのに用いる発泡ポリアミドイミドワニスを以下のように作製した。2LセパラブルフラスコにHI-406(商品名、日立化成社製)を入れ、この溶液に気泡形成剤としてトリエチレングリコールジメチルエーテルとジエチレングリコールジブチルエーテルを添加し、さらにジメチルスルホキシドで希釈することにより得た。
また、内側非発泡絶縁層25を形成するのに用いる内側非発泡絶縁層形成用ポリアミドイミドワニスはHI-406を用いた。このワニスを、溶剤としてNMPを用いて、30質量%溶液とした。
次いで、この下引き線に対して、HI-406(商品名、日立化成株式会社製)を炉温510℃にて焼き付けて33μmの厚みとなるように被覆し、その後600℃に加熱した管状炉(光洋サーモシステムズ社製;KTF030N1(商品名))で2秒間再度加熱して外側非発泡絶縁層3を形成した。このようにして、実施例1の絶縁電線を製造した。
図1に示す絶縁電線を次のようにして作製した。1.0mmφの断面円形の銅製導体1の外周面に実施例1で調製した発泡ポリアミドイミドワニスを直接塗布し、これを炉温510℃にて焼き付けて厚み20μmの発泡絶縁層2が形成された成型体(下引き線)を得た。次いで、この下引き線に対して、80μmの厚みとなるようにHI-406(商品名、日立化成株式会社製)を炉温510℃にて焼き付けて被覆し、その後600℃に加熱した管状炉(光洋サーモシステムズ社製;KTF030N1(商品名))で20秒間再度加熱して外側非発泡絶縁層3を形成した。このようにして、実施例2の絶縁電線を製造した。
図5に示す絶縁電線を下記のようにして作成した。まず、発泡絶縁層2を形成するのに用いる発泡ポリイミドワニスを以下のように作製した。2Lセパラブルフラスコに、Uイミド(樹脂成分25質量%のNMP溶液)(ユニチカ社製、商品名)を入れ、溶剤としてNMP、DMAC及びテトラエチレングリコールジメチルエーテルを添加することにより溶液とした。
内側非発泡絶縁層25を形成するのに用いる内側非発泡絶縁層形成用ポリイミドワニスはUイミドを用い、その樹脂に溶剤としてDMACを加えて調製した。
次いで、この下引き線に対して、ポリイミドワニス(Uイミド)を炉温505℃にて焼き付けて30μmの厚みとなるように被覆し、その後700℃に加熱した管状炉(光洋サーモシステムズ社製;KTF030N1)(商品名))で20秒間再度加熱して外側非発泡絶縁層3を形成した。このようにして、実施例3の絶縁電線を製造した。
図6に示す絶縁電線を下記のようにして作製した。まず、発泡絶縁層2を形成するのに用いる発泡ポリエステルイミドワニス(第1表中、PEsI)を以下のように作製した。2Lセパラブルフラスコに、ポリエステルイミドワニス(Neoheat8600A;東特塗料社製、商品名)を入れ、溶剤としてNMP、DMAC及びトリエチレングリコールジメチルエーテルを添加することにより得た。
内側非発泡絶縁層25を形成するのに用いる内側非発泡絶縁層形成用ポリエステルイミドワニスはNeoheat8600Aを用い、その樹脂に溶剤としてDMACを加えて30%溶液とした。
次いで、この下引き線に対して、90μmの厚みとなるようにHI-406(商品名、日立化成社製)を炉温520℃にて焼き付けて被覆し、その後600℃に加熱した管状炉(光洋サーモシステムズ社製;KTF030N1(商品名))で20秒間再度加熱して外側非発泡絶縁層3を形成した。このようにして、実施例4の絶縁電線を製造した。
図6に示す絶縁電線を次のようにして作製した。1.8×3.4mm(厚み×幅)で四隅の面取り半径rが0.3mmである平角の銅製導体1の外周面に実施例1で調製した内側非発泡絶縁層形成用ポリアミドイミドワニスを塗布し、これを炉温520℃にて焼き付けて厚み3μmの内側非発泡絶縁層25を形成した。次いで、内側非発泡絶縁層25上に発泡ポリエステルワニスLITON 2100S(商品名、東特塗料社製、樹脂成分40質量%溶液)を塗布し、これを炉温505℃にて焼き付けて厚み33μmの発泡絶縁層2を形成した。さらに、ポリエーテルイミド(PEI、ウルテム(商品名)、SABIC社製)をNMPに溶解させた液体を塗布して520℃にて焼き付けた。このようにして内側非発泡絶縁層25、発泡絶縁層2及び密着層35(厚み3μm)が形成された成型体(下引き線ということもある。)を得た。
図1に示す絶縁電線を次のようにして作製した。1.0mmφの断面円形の銅製導体1の外周面に実施例1で調製した発泡ポリアミドイミドワニスを直接塗布し、これを炉温530℃にて焼き付けて厚み20μmの発泡絶縁層2が形成された成型体(下引き線)を得た。
一方、外側非発泡絶縁層3を形成するのに用いるワニスを以下のように作製した。すなわち、ポリアミドイミド(HI-406)と、熱可塑性樹脂であるポリカーボネート(PC、ユーピロン(商品名)、三菱エンジニアリングプラスチックス社製)とを混合し、この混合物1000gに対して溶剤としてNMPを用いて溶液とした。
次いで、作製した下引き線に対して、調製した溶液を塗布し、炉温450℃にて焼き付けて30μmの厚みとなるように被覆し、その後400℃に加熱した管状炉(光洋サーモシステムズ社製;KTF030N1)(商品名))で1秒間再度加熱して外側非発泡絶縁層3を形成した。このようにして、実施例6の絶縁電線を製造した。
図2に示す絶縁電線を次のようにして作製した。1.0mmφの断面円形の銅製導体1の外周面に実施例1で調製した内側非発泡絶縁層形成用ポリアミドイミドワニスを塗布し、これを炉温510℃にて焼き付けて厚み3μmの内側非発泡絶縁層25を形成した。次いで、内側非発泡絶縁層25上に実施例1で調製した発泡ポリアミドイミドワニスを直接塗布し、これを炉温530℃にて焼き付けて厚み19μmの発泡絶縁層2が形成された成型体(下引き線)を得た。次いで、この下引き線に対して、20μmの厚みとなるようにHI-406(商品名、日立化成社製)を炉温530℃にて焼き付けて被覆し、その後600℃に加熱した管状炉(光洋サーモシステムズ社製;KTF030N1(商品名))で20秒間再度加熱して外側非発泡絶縁層3を形成した。このようにして、実施例7の絶縁電線を製造した。
発泡絶縁層の膜厚を80μmに変更すると共に外側非発泡絶縁層を形成しなかったこと以外は実施例1と同様にして比較例1の絶縁電線を製造した。
実施例1と同様にして内側非発泡絶縁層25及び厚み5μmの発泡絶縁層が形成された成型体(下引き線)を得た。次いで、この下引き線に対してポリイミドワニス(Uイミド)を用いて実施例3と同様にして厚み100μmの外側非発泡絶縁層を形成した。このようにして、比較例2の絶縁電線を製造した。
外側非発泡絶縁層を形成するのに熱可塑性樹脂であるポリフェニレンスルフィド(PPS、DIC製、商品名:FZ-2100)を用いた。
実施例2と同様にして内側非発泡絶縁層25及び厚み80μmの発泡絶縁層が形成された成型体(下引き線)を得た。次いで、この下引き線に対して上記PPS樹脂をダイス温度320℃、樹脂圧30MPaで20μmの厚さとなるように押出機により被覆して外側非発泡絶縁層を形成した。このようにして、比較例3の絶縁電線を製造した。
実施例1と同様にして内側非発泡絶縁層及び厚み100μmの発泡絶縁層を導体に形成し、さらに、発泡絶縁層上にPPSU20g(レーデルR(商品名)、ソルベイ社製)をNMP100gに溶解させた液体を塗布して510℃にて焼き付けた。このようにして内側非発泡絶縁層、発泡絶縁層及び密着層が形成された成型体(下引き線)を得た。次いで、この下引き線に対して、HI-406(商品名、日立化成株式会社製)を炉温510℃にて焼き付けて3μmの厚みとなるように被覆して外側非発泡絶縁層3を形成した。このようにして、比較例4の絶縁電線を製造した。
発泡絶縁層の厚みを5μmに変更したこと以外は実施例4と同様にして比較例5の絶縁電線を製造した。
内側非発泡絶縁層の厚みを5μmに変更し、密着層を設けず、発泡絶縁層の厚みを30μmに変更し、さらに発泡絶縁層の空隙率を82%にしたこと以外は実施例4と同様にして比較例6の絶縁電線を製造した。
実施例及び比較例における各層の厚み、発泡絶縁層2の空隙率、発泡絶縁層2を形成する熱硬化性樹脂のガラス転移温度(第1表においてTgと表記する。)、発泡絶縁層2の独立気泡の割合、外側非発泡絶縁層3を形成する樹脂のガラス転移温度(第1表においてTgと表記する。)を上記のようにして測定した。
また、発泡絶縁層2の平均気泡径は、発泡絶縁層2の厚み方向断面の走査電子顕微鏡(SEM)像において、20個の気泡を無作為に選び、画像寸法計測ソフト(三谷商事社製WinROOF)を用い、径測定モードにて平均の気泡径を算出し、得られた値を気泡径とした。
さらに、発泡絶縁層2の厚みと外側非発泡絶縁層3の厚みとの比を算出した。
実施例及び比較例における厚み変形率は、マイクロスコープ(キーエンス社製、VHX-1000)を用いて観察した。圧力をかける前の状態はエポキシ樹脂に絶縁電線を包埋させ、絶縁電線の断面が観察できるように線方向に対して垂直に研磨した。絶縁電線に圧力をかける場合には2枚のステンレス板(SUS板ともいう)で万能材料試験器(島津製作所社製、商品名:オートグラフ AGS-H)にて絶縁電線を1MPaで圧縮し、その状態を保ったままSUS板にエポキシ樹脂を流し込んで固化させ、SUS板、絶縁電線及びエポキシ樹脂の硬化物からなるサンプルを得た。圧力をかける前と同様に断面をマイクロスコープで測定することで、上述の式から、圧縮前後の厚み変形率を算出した。
厚み変形率の測定で作製した、圧力をかけた状態のサンプルを用いて、SUS板の片方に接地電極を、導体1に高圧電極を配線し、部分放電開始電圧装置(菊水電子社製、KPD2050)を用いて、正弦波50Hzの交流電圧を印加して、連続的に昇圧させながら放電電荷量が10pCのときの電圧(実効値)を、測定した。測定温度は25℃、50%RHとした。部分放電開始電圧は、絶縁皮膜の厚み(第1表の「合計厚み」)によるが、絶縁皮膜の厚みを50μmとしたときの下記式による換算値が600V以上であれば部分放電が発生しにくいといえる。したがって、評価は、この換算値が650V以上であった場合を「◎」、600~649Vであった場合を「○」、600V未満であった場合を「△」とした。
換算式:50μmとしたときの換算にはダーキンの下記実験式によって行った。
式 : εr*=Cp・Log(b/a)/(2πε0)
ここで、εr*は絶縁層全体の比誘電率、Cpは単位長さ当りの静電容量[pF/m]、aは導体の外径、bは絶縁電線の外径、ε0は真空の誘電率(8.855×10-12[F/m])を、それぞれ、表す。
絶縁電線の静電容量は、LCRハイテスタ(日置電機社製、型式3532-50(商品名:LCRハイテスタ))、及び、常温(25℃)の乾燥空気中に24時間以上放置した絶縁電線を用いて、測定温度を25℃及び250℃に設定し、所定の温度に設定した恒温槽に絶縁電線を入れて温度が一定になった時点で測定した。
なお、絶縁電線の断面が円形ではない場合、例えば、矩形である場合には、「絶縁層全体の比誘電率」は、絶縁層全体の静電容量Cpが平坦部の静電容量Cfとコーナー部の静電容量Ceの合成(Cp=Cf+Ce)であることを利用して算出できる。具体的には、導体の直線部の長辺と短辺の長さをL1、L2、導体コーナーの曲率半径R、絶縁層全体の厚さTとすると、平坦部の静電容量Cf及びコーナー部の静電容量Ceは下記式で表される。これら式と、実測した絶縁電線の静電容量及び絶縁層全体の静電容量Cp(Cf+Ce)とからεr*を算出した。
Cf=(εr*/ε0)×2×(L1+L2)/T
Ce=(εr*/ε0)×2πε0/Log{(R+T)/R}
製造した各絶縁電線の外側非発泡絶縁層に軸方向に切り込みを入れて外側非発泡絶縁層のみを剥離した。剥離した外側非発泡絶縁層を試験片として、JIS-K 5600-5-4に定められた鉛筆硬度法による硬度測定(エナメル線)を実施した。鉛筆硬度測定器は電動鉛筆引っかき硬度試験機(安田精機製作所社製;No.553-M1)を用いた。なお、鉛筆硬度は絶縁電線の耐傷つき性の指標であり、この鉛筆硬度が4H以上であると耐傷つき性に優れることが確認されている。
製造した各絶縁電線の可とう性を次のようにして評価した。すなわち、導線の断面形状が円形である場合は絶縁電線の直径と同寸の外径を有する円柱体(自己径巻き)に巻きつけ、一方、導線の断面形状が矩形である場合は絶縁電線の短辺長さと同寸の外径を有する円柱体に巻きつけ、巻き付けられた絶縁電線の外観をマイクロスコープ(キーエンス社製:VHX-2000(商品名))で観察した。評価は、外観に全く変化が見られなかった場合を「◎」、絶縁皮膜の色が変化し、しわが曲げた外側部分に生じるものの、実用特性に影響がない場合を「○」、色の変化を生じ、しわが皮膜の全周で確認されるものの、実用性に影響がない場合を「△」、絶縁皮膜に亀裂が生じ、又は、導体が露出した場合を「×」とした。
絶縁電線として必要な部分放電開始電圧、可とう性と共に、今回解決する課題である導体占積率の向上及び耐傷つき性などモータの効率向上について重要な項目についての総合評価を実施した。モータとして十分に使用できる望ましいレベルに達していたものを「○」、評価のいずれかに「△」の評価がなされ、本発明の課題を解決することはできなかったが、実用性には影響がない場合を「△」、上述の項目のいずれかに欠陥又は問題(×評価)があったものを「×」とした。
また、発泡絶縁層2の厚みが小さく、発泡絶縁層2と外側非発泡絶縁層3との厚み比が20:80~80:20の範囲内にない比較例2及び比較例5は、導体占積率を小さくできないうえ、絶縁層の低誘電率化を達成することができず、部分放電開始電圧が小さかった。また、発泡絶縁層2の厚みが大きく、発泡絶縁層2と外側非発泡絶縁層3との厚み比が20:80~80:20の範囲内にない比較例4は、外側非発泡絶縁層の硬度が小さく、導体占積率を小さくできないうえ耐傷つき性をも満たすことができなかった。さらに、外側非発泡絶縁層を熱可塑性樹脂のみで形成した比較例3は、外側非発泡絶縁層の硬度が小さく、導体占積率を小さくできないうえ耐傷つき性も満たすことができなかった。また、厚み変形率が55%である比較例6は、可とう性に劣っていた。
このように、比較例1~6の絶縁電線は、いずれも、部分放電開始電圧及び耐傷つき性の改善、又は、モータコイルの小型化若しくは高効率化を、実現できないことが分かる。
実施例1の絶縁電線を用いてモータを製造した。すなわち、巻線機でコイルをステータースロットに巻き付けてスロットに挿入することによって、モータを製造した。なお、絶縁電線の末端部は、スロット外にあり、圧潰していない。このようにして製造されたモータは、絶縁電線の末端部での部分放電が抑制され、小型で高効率であることを確認した。
2 (発泡)絶縁層
3 外側非発泡絶縁層
25 内側非発泡絶縁層
35 密着層
Claims (6)
- 導体と、該導体の外周面を直接又は間接的に被覆する、発泡熱硬化性樹脂を含む絶縁層と、該絶縁層の外周面を直接又は間接的に被覆する外側非発泡絶縁層とを備え、
25℃において1MPaの圧力をかけた際の前記絶縁層の厚み変形率が15%以上50%以下であり、
前記外側非発泡絶縁層の鉛筆硬度が4H以上であり、
前記絶縁層の厚みと前記外側非発泡絶縁層の厚みとの比が20:80~80:20である絶縁電線。 - 前記熱硬化性樹脂のガラス転移温度が150℃以上である請求項1に記載の絶縁電線。
- 前記絶縁層が、独立気泡を含んでいる請求項1又は2に記載の絶縁電線。
- 前記絶縁層の空隙率が10%以上である請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の絶縁電線。
- モータコイル用の巻線として用いられる請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の絶縁電線。
- 請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の絶縁電線を、該絶縁電線の外径を縮径する方向に圧力をかけ、前記絶縁層の厚さを低減させた状態で、ステータースロットに巻回させてなるモータ。
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- 2014-02-04 CN CN201480001304.8A patent/CN104321832B/zh active Active
- 2014-02-04 CA CA2893045A patent/CA2893045A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2014-02-04 MY MYPI2015701805A patent/MY166682A/en unknown
- 2014-02-04 WO PCT/JP2014/052573 patent/WO2014123122A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2014-02-04 EP EP14749656.6A patent/EP2955725A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2014-02-07 TW TW103103985A patent/TWI498925B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
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| WO2016035534A1 (ja) * | 2014-09-05 | 2016-03-10 | 日立オートモティブシステムズ株式会社 | 回転電機のステータ、およびこれを備えた回転電機。 |
| JP2017199478A (ja) * | 2016-04-25 | 2017-11-02 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 絶縁電線及び絶縁電線の製造方法 |
| US10607750B2 (en) | 2017-03-24 | 2020-03-31 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Insulated wire |
| WO2018174113A1 (ja) * | 2017-03-24 | 2018-09-27 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 絶縁電線 |
| JP7076429B2 (ja) | 2017-03-24 | 2022-05-27 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 絶縁電線 |
| JPWO2018174113A1 (ja) * | 2017-03-24 | 2020-01-30 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 絶縁電線 |
| WO2018180847A1 (ja) * | 2017-03-30 | 2018-10-04 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 絶縁電線 |
| JP7214625B2 (ja) | 2017-03-30 | 2023-01-30 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 絶縁電線 |
| JPWO2018180847A1 (ja) * | 2017-03-30 | 2020-02-06 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 絶縁電線 |
| JPWO2018180080A1 (ja) * | 2017-03-31 | 2020-02-06 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 絶縁電線 |
| JP7016860B2 (ja) | 2017-03-31 | 2022-02-07 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 絶縁電線 |
| WO2018180080A1 (ja) * | 2017-03-31 | 2018-10-04 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 絶縁電線 |
| JPWO2018199211A1 (ja) * | 2017-04-28 | 2020-03-12 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 絶縁電線 |
| US10991477B2 (en) | 2017-04-28 | 2021-04-27 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Insulated electrical cable |
| WO2018199211A1 (ja) * | 2017-04-28 | 2018-11-01 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 絶縁電線 |
| JP7214628B2 (ja) | 2017-04-28 | 2023-01-30 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 絶縁電線 |
| JPWO2019188898A1 (ja) * | 2018-03-30 | 2021-04-15 | エセックス古河マグネットワイヤジャパン株式会社 | 絶縁電線 |
| WO2024135169A1 (ja) * | 2022-12-20 | 2024-06-27 | エセックス古河マグネットワイヤジャパン株式会社 | 絶縁電線、コイル、回転電機および電気・電子機器 |
| JPWO2025022774A1 (ja) * | 2023-07-24 | 2025-01-30 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| TWI498925B (zh) | 2015-09-01 |
| CN104321832B (zh) | 2017-04-05 |
| CA2893045A1 (en) | 2014-08-14 |
| TW201443931A (zh) | 2014-11-16 |
| JP5972375B2 (ja) | 2016-08-17 |
| KR20150118015A (ko) | 2015-10-21 |
| EP2955725A1 (en) | 2015-12-16 |
| EP2955725A4 (en) | 2016-10-12 |
| JPWO2014123122A1 (ja) | 2017-02-02 |
| MY166682A (en) | 2018-07-18 |
| CN104321832A (zh) | 2015-01-28 |
| US20150262732A1 (en) | 2015-09-17 |
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