WO2014123501A1 - Élément chauffant résistant en feuille, procédé de sa fabrication et appareil chauffant l'utilisant - Google Patents

Élément chauffant résistant en feuille, procédé de sa fabrication et appareil chauffant l'utilisant Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014123501A1
WO2014123501A1 PCT/UA2013/000024 UA2013000024W WO2014123501A1 WO 2014123501 A1 WO2014123501 A1 WO 2014123501A1 UA 2013000024 W UA2013000024 W UA 2013000024W WO 2014123501 A1 WO2014123501 A1 WO 2014123501A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
resistive element
heating
base
layer
element according
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Ceased
Application number
PCT/UA2013/000024
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English (en)
Russian (ru)
Inventor
Артем Станиславович ПРОКОПЕНКО
Юлия Александровна ЗАХАРОВА
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication of WO2014123501A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014123501A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional [2D] plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional [2D] plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/26—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional [2D] plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/011—Heaters using laterally extending conductive material as connecting means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to electrothermal, in particular, to an electrical resistance heating objects of different purpose, and can be used for heating domestic and industrial premises, as well as in various material objects "electronics, instrument-making, electrical engineering and other branches of industry in the manufacture with heated teley various designs.
  • a heating resistive element comprising a multilayer base made in the form of needle-punched non-woven material from chemical fibers compacted by the calendering process, such as polyester or polypropylene, or natural, for example, cotton, with the lower surface of the support being highly calendared. and the top is weakly Landry. Based on the side of the weakly calendered surface, on a layer of an alloy of hardened metal fibers of copper and silver, there is a heating cord attached to it by means of fixing threads. A heating cord is obtained by twisting a plurality of thin wires located in a polyurethane insulator.
  • a method of manufacturing the heating resistive element described above consists in prefabricating the base using a calendering process using multi-roll machines, the rolls of which have different roughness and rotate at different speeds, due to which the material is densified.
  • Non-woven material obtained by the method described above, that is, with different compaction on both sides, strong and weak, is used for the base.
  • the base, on the side of the weakly calendared layer, is coated with an alloy of copper and silver, previously prepared using the hardening effect of metal fibers.
  • This alloy has a complex structure, in which a solid solution of copper and a eutectic crystal of copper and silver, respectively, are converted into a fiber form by stretching the fabrics during isolation of the cast alloy by alternatively performing heat treatment and cold working of the cast alloy obtained from e a crystal and an output solid crystal solution copper and silver obtained by melting and quenching the copper mixed with silver, thereby increasing tensile or bending strength.
  • These layers of copper-silver alloy are sewn to the base using a sewing machine. Next, a heating cord is placed on this layer and attached to it by means of fixing threads.
  • a heater containing in its construction the heating resistive element described above is a lining for a car seat having an appropriate size and configuration (almost square) placed under the cover covering the car seat [see US Pat. Rossi N Q 2402181 C2 in class ⁇ 05 ⁇ 3/20 published on 20. 10.201 0 years in bull. N2 29].
  • the main disadvantage of the known heating resistive element is the excessive, but unreasonable, design complexity due to the presence of a multilayer base with various layered properties, unreliability of the structure due to the fastening of the heating cord by threads, low degree of protection against possible mechanical and other damages, since the heating cord is on the surface of the base and covered only by the car seat cover, as well as the relatively low heat resistance of the insulating layer with polyurethane ana (only up to + 80
  • the main disadvantage of the known method of manufacturing a heating resistive element is the overly complex manufacturing technology of its sealed base, requiring the use of fundamentally different production processes using equipment belonging to different classes.
  • the known method is focused on the manufacture of a multilayer base with specific properties, rather than the most resistive heating element, which requires the use of undisturbed materials, which is not economically justified: the temperature level is not so high that it is made - to create such a complex heat-resistant base.
  • the main disadvantage of the known heater which includes the known heating resistive element, is the limited scope of its use due to the unattractive appearance (the heating cord is located mediocre on the surface of the base, therefore, it is necessary to cover it with something), because of which it is used only for heating car seats, placed under covers, short-term operation (given that the driver is constant while the car is moving moves (fidgets around the seat), sitting on such a heater, which leads to a quick grinding of threads and the destruction of the integrity of the structure), as well as its unsatisfactory consumer characteristics, due to the fact that the heater is heated by strips (and not by oshnoy area), and sensitive to the temperature of human skin, and the person sitting directly on the heating element that creates it concreteness discomfort.
  • a heating resistive element containing two insulating layers made of heat-resistant material, for example, fiberglass grade TOF-7A-7C, or teflon or arimide, stitched together with the formation of guide channels, in which are electrically conductive material freely laid in the form of carbon tapes, for example, Viskum-LT-22, the ends of which are copper-plated and soldered to electric wires.
  • a method of manufacturing this heating resistive element is to cut two sheets of insulating material, one of which has a large area for bending loose ends to insulate the heating element. The blanks are superimposed one on top of the other, and are stitched together with the formation of parallel channels. Carbon tape is sequentially fed into the channels.
  • the heater which includes the heating resistive element described above, is a metal housing in which the specified resistive heating element is fixed [see US Pat. Rossi Ns 1567 U1 by classes
  • Heat is generated only at the places where electrons transition from one fiber to another, and there are not so many such transitions.
  • the main disadvantage of the known method of manufacturing a resistive heating element is the overly laborious technology of creating a set of guide channels, which provides for at least semi-manual labor, and the introduction of a heating element into these channels generally involves the use of completely manual labor, which leads to dependent - the quality of the product from the human factor, as well as to the maximum decrease in productivity.
  • a further increase in the cost price and an increase in the labor intensity of manufacturing introduces the need for copper-plating of the ends of the resistive element in order to be able to solder electric wires to them.
  • other technological equipment is used, including energy-saturated (for soldering). All this makes the known method quite expensive (the use of manual labor), low productivity and low quality (human factor), and unsafe if glass fabric is used for the insulation layers (the likelihood of occupational pulmonary diseases among workers increases).
  • the main disadvantage of the known heater which includes the above-described heating resistive element, is the rather low efficiency of the heater itself.
  • the presence of this drawback is explained by the fact that structurally carbon fiber tapes are located at a certain distance from one another. Consequently, an involuntary constant preheating of the space between the tapes (that is, heats itself) automatically occurs, and only then does the heater begin to give off heat for its intended purpose, that is, to heat the surrounding space. This leads to an unjustified consumption of electricity, and therefore such heaters are not economical.
  • a heating resistive element made in the form of a resistive electric heater with a multilayer structure and including a heating layer that is inextricably interconnected, which uses a carbon paste-based resistive composition, which, for increase the efficiency of use of the area, applied as printed resistive strips at some distance one from the other, and located along the edges of the heating layer of conductive electrodes from the printed layer of silver and a copper bus lined with a waterproof heat-resistant film, and, to maintain a given temperature of heating, a resistive electric heater contains a semiconductor a polymer layer with a positive temperature coefficient of resistance, deposited separately in groups of resistive strips on one of the conductive electrodes and pressed ezhdu printed layer of silver and copper bar.
  • a method of manufacturing such a heating resistive element is that a heating element is applied to the dielectric substrate by printing technology using printing technology in the form of groups of resistive strips of carbon paste, and conductive buses are placed along the edges of the dielectric lining, one of which they receive a printed silver layer with a copper busbar, and the second bus is obtained by applying to separate groups of resistive strips of the heating element of the printed silver layer and special cial semiconducting polymer, the resistive properties of which have a positive temperature coefficient of resistances (TCR) of the type "thermistor”, with further zapressov- Coy copper bars and laminating heat-resistant waterproof protective film, for example, polyester.
  • TCR positive temperature coefficient of resistances
  • the heater consists only of the heating resistive element described above, which is not coated with anything, except for the waterproof heat-resistant film included in the design of the resistive heating element [see US Pat. Ukraine N ° 75083 C2 in class A05B 3/36 published on November 26, 2012 in Bull. N ° 22].
  • the use of carbon paste for the manufacture of a resistive heating element allows to maximize the electrical resistance of the heating element, however, the application of this material in strips does not allow the substrate to be used (with maximum efficiency), therefore, it does not allow heat to be obtained as much as possible from the area occupied by the resistive heating element.
  • the known heating resistive element has an overly complex structure, which is due to its multilayer structure using special materials: bimetallic (silver + copper) for conductive electrodes, as well as the use of non-traditional materials - polymer heat-resistant waterproof films, a semiconductor layer material and so on. As is well known, the more complex the design, the more likely it is to break, which leads to a decrease in the overall reliability of such a heater.
  • the main significant disadvantage of this method is the too complicated process of manufacturing a resistive heating element, which is due to the use of a printing method using printing technology, as well as the difficulty of manufacturing conductive tires, although they do not affect the final operation of the heater with such resistive element. That is, such a complexity of the technology of manufacturing a resistive heating element does not justify itself, but only increases the cost of the final product.
  • the main disadvantage of the known heater which includes the known heating resistive element, is the too low efficiency of the heater.
  • This disadvantage is due to the fact that the heating layer is deposited on the substrate precisely by strips, which requires constant preheating of the space between the strips, as well as polymeric (polymeric materials, as is well known, are poor heat conductors) of the intermediate layers covering the electric heating resistor itself. Only after that does it begin to give off heat in its intended purpose, that is, to heat surrounding objects and space.
  • the known heater does not have mounts for air the possibility of placing in limbo, for example, on the wall.
  • the basis of the invention is the task of simplifying the technology of manufacturing a heating resistive element and maximizing the scope of its use while maximizing its design by maximizing the possibility of converting electric energy into heat by maximizing the area of the heating element and changing the principle of the continuous production of a heating resistive element of any size, shape and thermophysical properties, and that Nia is the use it on any surface of any object.
  • the sheet heating resistive element which includes a permanently interconnected base (lining) and a heating layer in which a resistive composition based on carbon paste is used, and electrically conductive electrodes located along the edges of the base, according to the proposal, a heating layer made continuous and has an area equal to the area of the base, which is used as any surface of any material object.
  • the heating layer can be located on both sides of the base.
  • the base can have any size, shape, and can be voluminous.
  • structural elements and units of the heating device (heater itself) can be used. Any products, equipment or natural objects can also be used as a basis.
  • the heating layer may have a variable thickness of the carbon paste to obtain local thermophysical properties in some areas.
  • the heating layer can be made generally from any carbon-containing material, for example, ferrite, graphite, industrial diamond, coal, etc.
  • the heating layer with carbon This material can have a different initial state, in particular, it can be pasty, dry and powdery, liquid, semi-liquid, etc.
  • the heating layer can be made from any kind of carbon material, in particular, powder, threads, fibers, tows, etc.
  • the heating layer can be made of a composition of any carbon materials taken in different proportions to obtain certain thermophysical properties.
  • the heating layer can have particles of carbon material of different sizes, both locally in separate sections and throughout the entire area.
  • the base can be made of any non-conductive rigid or flexible materials, in particular heat-resistant plastic, glass, gypsum, fiberglass, ceramics, stone, concrete, even metal coated with an insulating coating, for example, painted and so on.
  • the carbon paste heating element is applied in a continuous layer covering the entire area of the base, and conductive electrodes, made of copper tape or other conductive material, placed on opposite edges of the base and coated with the edges of the carbon paste heating element.
  • the base and conductive electrodes can take the form of rolls of tapes of dielectric and conductive materials, continuously supplied to the area where they are inseparably connected to each other, and then, after drying of the material of the heating layer, by cutting measured pieces of the required size and shape.
  • a continuous heating resistive element obtained from rolls can be wound into a roll for easy storage and transportation.
  • the application of the heating layer can be carried out by spraying, spreading, pouring carbonaceous material onto the substrate.
  • the application of the heating layer to the base can be carried out either manually or automatically or semi-automatically.
  • any liquid substance for example, varnishes, paints, silicone and the like, can be used as a binder for the carbon material.
  • the heater which includes the proposed heating resistive element, according to the proposal, contains a decorative heat-emitting panel, or other heat-emitting conductive base to which is adjacent a resistive heating element cop, top coated with a heat-resistant insulating Part No., for example, varnish or any other solid or zastyvayu- conductive material 1, while retaining it on dekorativ- hydrochloric insulating panel and the outside.
  • the heater may also have a back cover fastening the decorative heat-radiating panel with a heating resistive element located between them.
  • the heating resistive element can be located on the outside on both sides of the decorative heat-emitting panel.
  • the heater may have two external heat-emitting panels with a heating resistive element between them.
  • the heater may have a decorative heat-emitting panel of any shape and size.
  • the heater may have a decorative heat-emitting panel both processed and unprocessed, including with applied decorative elements on the front surface.
  • the heater can be both stationary and portable.
  • the heater can be made in the form of corrugated board, insulation, floor, room wall, warm furniture, in particular, heated beds, desks with a heated tabletop, in de ovens for cooking and heating food, water insulators.
  • the efficiency of the heater is maximized due to the fact that there is no need to heat its bare (uncoated with paste) sections of the base. All heat is not lost in any way and is used only for its intended purpose - to heat objects and premises, for which, in fact, an electric heater is used.
  • applying a continuous layer is more technologically advanced than applying strips of certain sizes with certain distances between them; since it does not require special conditions for the location of resistive strips, in particular, calculating their width and determining the distances between them.
  • the location of the heating layer on both sides of the base allows you to significantly (at least twice) increase the power of the heating element without increasing its size.
  • the simplification of the manufacturing technology of the heating resistive element is achieved due to the rejection of additional insulating layers as separate structural elements requiring assembly and fastening among themselves , and the availability of materials and the simplicity of manufacturing all the components of the heating resistive element positively affect the reduction of its value as a product.
  • the technology is non-waste, and its variability allows you to organize the production process in the presence of any, even primitive equipment, or even in its absence, in any room or even in an open area, using a variety of materials (available to the manufacturer) , which allows us to consider the proposed method absolutely universal. This method allows you to make any object a heater - just put on it the proposed heating resistive element and attach tape-shaped conductive electrodes at the edges.
  • the heater has an extremely simple design, the minimum possible thickness, determined by the thickness of the decorative heat-emitting panel, the thickness of the resistive and paint layers.
  • An infinite variety of such heaters is achieved due to the ability to fasten the back cover, the location of the heating resistive element on the outside of the decorative heat-emitting panel or the presence of two decorative heat-radiating panels with a heating resistive element located between them, decorating the panel of any shape, size, the degree of processing, applying additional decorative elements, making them stationary and portable, made in the form of corrugated board , Ute- pliteley, floors, walls, buildings, furniture, to become part of the interior premises of any purpose and so on. All this removes all restrictions on the use of the heater and allows you to satisfy any needs and tastes of consumers.
  • Figure 1 is a proposed sheet heating resistive element, a plan view
  • Figure 2 is a diagram of an implementation of the proposed method for manufacturing a sheet heating resistive element in the form of a roll
  • Figure 3 the proposed heater with a sheet heating resistive element - one of an infinite number of possible options, a plan view.
  • the proposed sheet heating resistive element 1 includes permanently interconnected base 2, located on opposite edges of the base 2 conductive electrodes 3, and a continuous heating layer 4, in which a carbon paste-based resistive composition is used, covering the entire area of the base 2. This is the simplest version of the proposed sheet resistive heating element 1. Other possible options are mentioned above.
  • the proposed sheet heating resistive element is made in the following (proposed) way.
  • Conducting electrodes 3 are placed on opposite edges of the base 2, which can be attached to it by any known method, for example, glued.
  • a continuous heating layer 4 of a resistive composition based on a carbon material covering the entire surface of the substrate 2 is applied in any known manner.
  • This is the simplest embodiment of the proposed method for manufacturing sheet heating resins element 1, is the most economical, because it does not require unnecessary operations for the manufacture of a multilayer base for sheet heating resistive element 1 and conductive electrical electrodes 3, although it is not the only possible one, as mentioned above.
  • the simplest version of the proposed heater which includes the proposed sheet heating resistor ny element, made, for example, by the following proposed method.
  • Conducting electrodes 3 are first installed and attached to one of the surfaces of the heat-emitting panels 5. Further, the same surface of the heat-emitting panels 5 is covered with a continuous heating layer 4, overlapping the conductive electrodes 3.
  • the heating layer 4 is coated with a layer of any heat-resistant insulating material 6, for example , varnish, paint, silicone, etc.
  • the heat-emitting panel 5 itself is used as insulating layers on the one hand, and the layer of heat-resistant insulating material 6 on the other hand. Since the heating layer 4, when applied to the surface of the heat-emitting panel 5, has a pasty (liquid, semi-liquid) consistency, the shape, bends, and volumetric surface of the heat-emitting panel 5 do not matter. In this way, it is possible to make a heater of any size, shape, design, purpose from any materials at hand - there are no restrictions for the manufacturer.
  • the claimed technical solutions are tested in practice.
  • the proposed sheet heating resistive element, the method of its manufacture and the heater, which includes the specified heating element, do not contain not a single technological operation, parts of assemblies or materials that could not be reproduced at the present stage of development of science and technology, in particular, in the field of electrical resistive heating of objects of various purposes and premises, are therefore suitable for industrial applications, they have technical and other advantages over the known analogues, which confirms the possibility of achieving a certain positive technical result by the claimed objects.
  • These differences sharply increase the thermophysical and technical and operational characteristics of the heating resistive elements obtained by the proposed method, and exclude heat dissipation not for its intended purpose. None of the known technologies for manufacturing the proposed sheet heating resistive elements and heaters from it can simultaneously possess all of the listed properties, since they do not contain in their composition the totality of the essential features available in the claimed objects of technology.
  • the technical advantages of the proposed technical solutions include the following: - the ultimate simplification of the manufacturing technology of sheet heating resistive element due to the simplification of its design and, and, in some cases, the general rejection of the base as a separate part;
  • the quintessence of the proposed technical solutions is that the heating layer is applied to the substrate in a continuous layer, can have various chemical, physical and thermal parameters, as well as the continuity of manufacturing a sheet heating resistive element of any shape, size, purpose, which, by right, is considered universal, and can be used for any heat needs , heating, drying, interior, floors, walls, furniture, in technological and domestic equipment - it is impossible to list the entire range, and it is these circumstances, in the aggregate, that make it possible to acquire the above and other preferences for the proposed technical solutions uschestva.

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  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

Utilisation: chauffage de locaux communs et artisanaux ainsi que de différents objets matériels. L'invention consiste en ce qui suit : l'élément chauffant résistant en feuille comprend une base et une couche chauffante connectées entre elles de manière fixe, cette dernière utilisant une composition résistante à base de pâte de carbone et des électrodes conductrices disposées sur les bords de la base. La couche chauffante est ininterrompue et a une surface égale à la superficie de la base pour laquelle on utilise pratiquement n'importe lequel objet matériel. Procédé de fabrication d'un élément chauffant résistant en feuille dans lequel on applique sur la base un élément résistant en une seule couche en pâte de carbone, et on dispose sur les bords de la base des électrodes conducteurs. L'appareil chauffant a un panneau décoratif émettant la chaleur auquel adhère un élément chauffant résistant recouvert de l'extérieur par une couche de matériau isolant à résistance thermique. Les avantages techniques sont les suivants: simplification de la technologie et de la conception ; élargissement illimité de la gamme d'articles.
PCT/UA2013/000024 2013-02-11 2013-03-11 Élément chauffant résistant en feuille, procédé de sa fabrication et appareil chauffant l'utilisant Ceased WO2014123501A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
UAA201301616 2013-02-11
UA201301616 2013-02-11

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WO2014123501A1 true WO2014123501A1 (fr) 2014-08-14

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108495386A (zh) * 2018-04-13 2018-09-04 湖北中烟工业有限责任公司 一种用于电加热卷烟的加热器
WO2019212380A1 (fr) * 2018-05-03 2019-11-07 Shelekhov Igor Yurievich Élément chauffant à large spectre d'utilisation

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3539767A (en) * 1961-01-20 1970-11-10 Paul Eisler Space heater having electrical resistance heating film
RU2017350C1 (ru) * 1992-05-19 1994-07-30 Центральный аэрогидродинамический институт им.проф.Н.Е.Жуковского Резистивный нагреватель
RU2051474C1 (ru) * 1992-02-17 1995-12-27 Вячеслав Васильевич Ветров Пластинчатый электронагреватель
RU13416U1 (ru) * 1999-09-23 2000-04-10 ООО "Энергосервис-Плюс" Панель электронагревательная
RU55241U1 (ru) * 2006-03-09 2006-07-27 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Теплолуч" (ООО "Теплолуч") Нагревательный элемент
RU2337507C1 (ru) * 2007-07-09 2008-10-27 Николай Егорович Епишков Способ изготовления плоского резистивного электронагревателя и установка для его осуществления
RU2394402C1 (ru) * 2006-08-03 2010-07-10 Басф Се Способ изготовления структурированных, проводящих электрический ток поверхностей
KZ25496A4 (en) * 2011-02-28 2012-02-15 Koltygin Oleg Vassilyevich Method for production of floor heating elements
UA75083U (en) * 2012-03-30 2012-11-26 Кременчугский Национальный Университет Имени Остроградского Film resistive electric heater

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3539767A (en) * 1961-01-20 1970-11-10 Paul Eisler Space heater having electrical resistance heating film
RU2051474C1 (ru) * 1992-02-17 1995-12-27 Вячеслав Васильевич Ветров Пластинчатый электронагреватель
RU2017350C1 (ru) * 1992-05-19 1994-07-30 Центральный аэрогидродинамический институт им.проф.Н.Е.Жуковского Резистивный нагреватель
RU13416U1 (ru) * 1999-09-23 2000-04-10 ООО "Энергосервис-Плюс" Панель электронагревательная
RU55241U1 (ru) * 2006-03-09 2006-07-27 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Теплолуч" (ООО "Теплолуч") Нагревательный элемент
RU2394402C1 (ru) * 2006-08-03 2010-07-10 Басф Се Способ изготовления структурированных, проводящих электрический ток поверхностей
RU2337507C1 (ru) * 2007-07-09 2008-10-27 Николай Егорович Епишков Способ изготовления плоского резистивного электронагревателя и установка для его осуществления
KZ25496A4 (en) * 2011-02-28 2012-02-15 Koltygin Oleg Vassilyevich Method for production of floor heating elements
UA75083U (en) * 2012-03-30 2012-11-26 Кременчугский Национальный Университет Имени Остроградского Film resistive electric heater

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108495386A (zh) * 2018-04-13 2018-09-04 湖北中烟工业有限责任公司 一种用于电加热卷烟的加热器
WO2019212380A1 (fr) * 2018-05-03 2019-11-07 Shelekhov Igor Yurievich Élément chauffant à large spectre d'utilisation
RU2713729C1 (ru) * 2018-05-03 2020-02-07 Игорь Юрьевич Шелехов Нагревательный элемент широкого спектра применения

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