WO2014127728A1 - 智能开关电容器 - Google Patents

智能开关电容器 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2014127728A1
WO2014127728A1 PCT/CN2014/072349 CN2014072349W WO2014127728A1 WO 2014127728 A1 WO2014127728 A1 WO 2014127728A1 CN 2014072349 W CN2014072349 W CN 2014072349W WO 2014127728 A1 WO2014127728 A1 WO 2014127728A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
capacitor
switch
power
smart
switching
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2014/072349
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王海
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
GYRK INTERNATIONAL TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
Original Assignee
GYRK INTERNATIONAL TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by GYRK INTERNATIONAL TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd filed Critical GYRK INTERNATIONAL TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
Priority to US14/769,380 priority Critical patent/US9874921B2/en
Priority to EP14753712.0A priority patent/EP2960912B1/en
Publication of WO2014127728A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014127728A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
    • G06F1/26—Power supply means, e.g. regulation thereof
    • G06F1/32—Means for saving power
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G2/00—Details of capacitors not covered by a single one of groups H01G4/00-H01G11/00
    • H01G2/14—Protection against electric or thermal overload
    • H01G2/18—Protection against electric or thermal overload with breakable contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G4/00—Fixed capacitors; Processes of their manufacture
    • H01G4/38—Multiple capacitors, i.e. structural combinations of fixed capacitors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G4/00—Fixed capacitors; Processes of their manufacture
    • H01G4/40—Structural combinations of fixed capacitors with other electric elements, the structure mainly consisting of a capacitor, e.g. RC combinations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/18—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/30—Reactive power compensation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P80/00—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
    • Y02P80/10—Efficient use of energy, e.g. using compressed air or pressurized fluid as energy carrier

Definitions

  • the capacity of general three-phase power capacitors is above 30kvar. Due to the cost of small-capacity power capacitors and switching switches, the conventional power capacitors use less than 30 kilowatts of reactive power compensation devices, and generally cannot achieve hierarchical compensation. High-power reactive compensation devices cannot achieve fine compensation.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a low-voltage intelligent switch capacitor with a switching switch and a plurality of protection devices, which integrates a switching switch, a power capacitor, and protection devices such as overheating, overcurrent, overvoltage, etc., and the overall design realizes each
  • the best combination of components overcomes the aforementioned deficiencies of the prior art.
  • the invention also provides an intelligent switched capacitor capable of multi-capacity output, which can be used for reactive power compensation device with small reactive power, and can also be used for high-power reactive power compensation device to achieve fine compensation.
  • a smart switched capacitor includes a casing, a capacitor core is arranged inside the casing, a smart switch circuit board is connected to the top of the capacitor core, and a single chip microcomputer and a switching switch are connected to the intelligent switch circuit board, and the switching switch a triangular connection with the capacitor core; a middle end of the housing is provided with a lead terminal for connecting the three-phase power line and a control interface for controlling the switch, and the bottom of the control interface is connected with the intelligent switch circuit board, and the three-phase power line A wire fastening device is provided in the lead terminal.
  • This is actually a capacitor with a switching switch. Designing and manufacturing the capacitor and switching switch as a complete product, and installing the switching switch on the capacitor is a completely different concept.
  • the capacitor core is provided with a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the capacitor core, and the detected temperature signal is sent to the single chip processing, and the capacitor is protected by the switching switch.
  • a temperature sensor is disposed on the lead terminal of the three-phase power line for detecting the temperature of the lead terminal, and the detected temperature signal is sent to the single chip processing, and when the lead terminal is in contact with the power bus bar, the heat is cut off.
  • the switching switch realizes the protection of the lead terminals.
  • the intelligent switch circuit board is provided with a current measuring module and a current harmonic component measuring module for detecting the current passing through the capacitor after the switching switch is closed, and the detected current signal is sent to the single chip processing, and the switching is performed.
  • the switch implements protection of the capacitor.
  • the switching switch is a magnetic holding relay.
  • the wire fastening device is a wire fastening nut or a wire fastening tab.
  • the shape of the housing is a cube or a cylinder.
  • the capacitor core inside the cylindrical smart switched capacitor has seven cores of the same diameter arranged in a hexagonal shape, and the seven cores respectively produce a capacity of 1:2:4.
  • Harmonic current detection and protection function detects harmonic current accurately and quickly, completely solves the hidden danger of PFC (power factor correction) power capacitor in the grid system due to resonance caused by capacitor damage and grid accident;
  • the discharge resistance of the capacitors in parallel is eliminated, and the loss of the power capacitor is minimized under the premise of ensuring the safe use of the capacitor.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic block diagram of a three-phase divided intelligent switched capacitor circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic block diagram of a smart switched capacitor circuit of a multi-level capacitance output according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is an internal structural diagram of a cylindrical multi-capacity output smart switching capacitor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an outline of a smart switched capacitor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a second embodiment of the smart switched capacitor according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • a smart switched capacitor includes a housing 1 and the housing 1
  • the inside of the capacitor core 2 is provided, and the top of the capacitor core 2 is placed with a smart switch circuit board 3, and the smart switch circuit board 3 is connected with a single chip microcomputer 4, a switching switch 5, and a temperature measuring module 9 a current measuring module 10 and a current harmonic component measuring module 11 , wherein the switching switch 5 is a triangular switch connecting the three switches with the capacitor core 2;
  • the housing 1 In the middle of the top, there is a lead terminal 6 for the three-phase power line and a control interface 7 for controlling the switch, the bottom of the control interface 7 and the intelligent switch circuit board 3
  • the connection, the lead terminal of the three-phase power line is provided with a wire fastening device; the wire fastening device is a wire fastening nut or a wire fastening piece.
  • the smart switch capacitor of the present invention can use the Chinese patent application. 201310265141.1
  • the disclosed switch is not only highly reliable, but also has a low overall power consumption, which can fully meet the demanding requirements of the intelligent switched capacitor switching control circuit.
  • Capacitor core 2 Temperature sensor on 8 The temperature sensor can be placed in the mandrel of the capacitor core or on the surface of the capacitor core. Since the temperature processing circuit is inside the capacitor case, even the temperature sensor can be placed on the core of each capacitor because the capacitor The damage is generally caused by the first overheating damage of a weak capacitor core. The temperature sensor is placed on the capacitor core to more accurately and quickly grasp the working state of the capacitor, thus achieving accurate and rapid protection.
  • the compensation capacitor works.
  • the current through the capacitor is very large. If the capacitor lead terminal is not tightened during installation or the capacitor terminal is oxidized during use, the compensation capacitor will be heated at the terminal during operation, which is the early stage of the compensation capacitor. The cause of the failure.
  • the smart switched capacitor of the invention can install the temperature sensor to the lead terminal of the three-phase power line In the vicinity of 6, if the temperature of the lead terminal 6 is detected to be too high, the switch can be turned off to stop the smart switch capacitor, preventing damage to the capacitor due to overheating of the lead terminal.
  • the circuit shown in FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram of a three-phase co-complementary smart switching capacitor according to an embodiment of the present invention, and the switching switch 5 is three independent relays. 5-1, 5-2 and 5-3, respectively control switches K 1 , K 2 , K 3 , switches K 1 , K 2 , K 3 Connected to the three sets of capacitor cores, that is, one capacitor core is connected to each switch, and the intelligent switch circuit board 3 The operating time of each switching switch contact is controlled to achieve no-current switching of the AC capacitor.
  • the structure in which such a switch is connected to the capacitor can also control the switches K 1 , K 2 , K 3 Separate one-way or two-way switching, that is, to achieve phase separation compensation.
  • the smart switched capacitor of the present invention can also be constructed for star circuit compensation, in which case the smart switched capacitor adopts A/B/C/N.
  • the four-terminal lead-out, the circuit block diagram is shown in Figure 4, the same relay relays 5-1, 5-2 and 5-3, respectively control the switches K 1 , K 2 , K 3 , switch K 1 , K 2 , K 3 form a star connection with three sets of capacitor cores, and the intelligent switch circuit board 3 controls the action time of each switch switch contact to realize the no-current switching of the AC capacitor.
  • the control switch K 1 , K 2 , K 3 separate one or two switching, that is, the star circuit realizes phase separation compensation.
  • the smart switch capacitor of the present invention can easily realize the capacitor output of the common complement and the complement, whether it is a triangular or a star structure, which is difficult to realize by conventional switching switches and capacitor discrete structures.
  • the multi-level capacity output smart switching capacitor solution can be easily realized by a rectangular outer casing structure, because the conventional rectangular power capacitor is composed of a plurality of small-capacity capacitor cores in parallel. If a cylindrical outer shape structure is adopted, it is conceivable to adopt a structure of a coaxial ring capacitor core to realize multi-capacitance output.
  • the invention proposes a use Seven capacitor cores of the same diameter are arranged in a hexagonal shape as shown in Figure 6-2. Any two cores connected in parallel and any four cores connected in parallel can achieve a 1: 2 : 4 capacity output.
  • control switch board of each capacitor bank can also be placed above the corresponding capacitor bank, which can shorten the distance between the control switch and the controlled capacitor bank to optimize the structure of the multi-level capacity output smart switch capacitor.
  • the smart switched capacitor of the present invention can be constructed as a single switching switch to control a single capacitor, that is, to be a single-phase smart switched capacitor.
  • the housing 1 The shape of the cube is a cube or a cylinder, and the smart switch circuit board 3 can be placed above the capacitor core 2 regardless of the shape of the structure.
  • control interface of the switching switch 7 The connection to the reactive power compensation controller can be wired or infrared or wireless.
  • temperature sensor 8 on capacitor core 2 and temperature measurement module on smart switch board 3 It can function as an overheat protection function, and when the detected temperature is higher than a predetermined value, the smart switch circuit board 3 controls the switching switch 5 Disconnected, the capacitor stops working and enters the protection state.
  • This temperature protection speed is fast, the protection temperature setting precision is high, and it can be adjusted according to the season change. This adjustment can be controlled by the switching switch. get on. The most important thing is that this protection can be restored, that is, when the capacitor is not hot, it can work normally; at the same time, due to the capacitor core 2 and the intelligent switch circuit board 3 and the switching switch 5 It is made in one piece, which facilitates installation and improves the reliability of the capacitor.
  • Current measurement module 10 and current harmonic component measurement module on intelligent switch board 3 It can function as harmonic protection.
  • the switching is performed.
  • Switch 5 Cut off to ensure that capacitor core 2 is not burnt due to overcurrent.
  • the predetermined value of the overcurrent and the threshold of the harmonic component are available through the switch control interface 7
  • the adjustment is made, and the protection action delay time of the switching switch can also be adjusted.
  • the intelligent switched capacitor has a harmonic protection function, so the reactor for protection can be omitted, and the cost of the compensation device is greatly reduced. Since this protection is for all harmonics of the second or more, the reactance is completely solved.
  • the harmonic protection of the device is an unreliable and fatal weakness; and because the thermal protection device and the harmonic protection device and the switch are integrated, the cost of the switch is greatly reduced.
  • the intelligent switched capacitor of the present invention can eliminate the discharge resistance connected in parallel at the capacitor terminal under the premise of ensuring safety, thereby solving the problem of power consumption of the discharge resistance of the power capacitor.
  • the intelligent switch capacitor intelligent switch circuit board of the invention 3 With low power design, the overall power consumption can be less than several hundred milliwatts, which is much lower than the 15W of the traditional contactor switching switch. s level.
  • the switching speed of the smart switched capacitor of the invention can reach the speed of the thyristor switching, and the power consumption of the switch is much lower than that of the thyristor switching switch.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Protection Of Static Devices (AREA)
  • Power Conversion In General (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种智能开关电容器，包括壳体，所述壳体的内部设有电容器芯子，电容器芯子上设有温度传感器，电容器芯子的顶端连接有智能开关线路板，智能开关线路板上连接有单片机、投切开关、温度测量模块、电流测量模块和电流谐波成分测量模块，其中，投切开关与电容器芯子内三角连接；本发明的有益效果为： 1 、把开关和电力电容器做成一体，可以实现开关的快速投切； 2 、电容器具有电子热保护功能； 3 、彻底解决了 PFC 电容在电网系统中由于谐振引起电容器损坏和电网事故的可能； 4 、减少了电力电容器的损耗。

Description

智能开关电容器 技术领域
本发明涉及一种投切开关和低压交流电容器组合体，特别是一种用于低压电网补偿或滤波的内部带有智能开关的电力电容器。
背景技术
电力电容器是电力系统补偿和滤波必须使用的电路元件，电网进行补偿或滤波时是通过投切开关接入或断开电力电容器，或说投切开关和电力电容器总是配合使用的，但传统的电力电容器和投切开关是在两个不同的行业生产，而电力部门使用时需要分别采购两个产品并在设备上组装，由于不同大小的电力电容器需要配不同的开关，所以使用时还要考虑不同的电力电容器配套合适的投切开关。电网中的高次谐波会在特定的条件下产生谐振造成电容器的损坏，为了避免高次谐波引起谐振，一般在电容回路串联电抗器防止电容器的损坏，实际上串联电抗器只能解决部分的高次谐波谐振的问题，而不能从根本上解决谐振的问题，即使装了电抗器，电力电容器也会发生由于高次谐振而烧毁的情况。传统的投切开关是接触器式投切开关，这种开关的功耗很大，一般在15W左右。传统的电力电容器与开关的组合方式是三相电力电容器和三相开关的组合，当开关断开电容器时，总有一相电容器的剩余电压达到1.36倍的电源峰值电压，必须要等电容器放电后才能再次接入电容器，这种开关和电容的组合无法实现快速投切。另外，传统的电力电容器内部必须装有放电电阻，这是安全规范的要求，但放电电阻会产生较大的功耗，每年电网由于放电电阻产生的功耗就要超过1亿度以上（仅是根据中国电网的计算）。
传统的电力电容器为了防止由于电容器过热而发生爆炸，一般采用热膨胀机械式拉断式防爆机构，这种防爆机构是当电容器过热时启动切断电容器，但这种防爆机构是不可恢复的，一旦防爆机构动作电容器就不能再使用了，也就是一些意外的过热情况会造成不该失效的电力电容器失效；另外这种机械防爆机构对电容器的密封要求很高，一旦漏气就会造成热膨胀式防爆机构不起作用；还有这类防爆机构的反应速度比较慢，当电容器回路发生谐振时，无法迅速响应保护电容器。
现在市场上也有一种如中国专利号ZL200620071465.7公开的智能电容器，就是简单的将三相电容器和投切开关进行组合，并不是将电力电容器和投切开关作为一个整体产品进行设计，仅仅是方便了使用者无需为不同电容器选择配合的开关发愁，并且安装时不用再连接投切开关和电容器。但这种智能电容器仍无法有效解决电容器发热保护、谐波保护、投切开关功耗和快速投切的问题。
实际使用外置的温度保护、过流和过压保护装置也可以在电力电容器在过热、过电流或过电压时保护电容器不会被损坏，但外置的保护装置由于成本的原因很少使用，但更主要的原因是外部的保护装置无法检测到电容器芯子内部的实际工作情况，由于无法实现精准和迅速的保护，所以外部保护装置的意义不是很大。
现在一般三相电力电容器的容量都在30kvar以上，由于小容量电力电容器和投切开关成本的原因，传统的使用电力电容器的功率小于30千乏无功补偿装置，一般都无法实现分级补偿，而大功率的无功补偿装置也无法实现精细补偿。
综上所述，电力电容器工作的电网环境由于大量谐波的存在是非常恶劣的，由于没有对电力电容器有效、可靠和低成本的保护方式，所以低压电力电容器的保护还是一个很难解决的问题。
 技术问题
本发明的目的是提供一种带有投切开关和多项保护装置的低压智能开关电容器，将投切开关、电力电容器和过热、过流、过压等保护装置集合成为一体，整体设计实现各个部件的最佳的结合，以克服目前现有技术存在的上述不足。本发明还提供一种可以多容量输出的智能开关电容器，即可用于无功功率较小的无功补偿装置，也可以用于大功率的无功补偿装置实现精细补偿。
技术解决方案
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案来实现：
一种智能开关电容器，包括壳体，所述壳体的内部设有电容器芯子，电容器芯子的顶端连接有智能开关线路板，智能开关线路板上连接有单片机和投切开关，投切开关与电容器芯子内三角连接；所述壳体的顶端中部设有用于连接三相电源线的引出端子和用于控制开关的控制接口，控制接口的底部与智能开关线路板连接，三相电源线的引出端子内设有电线紧固装置。这实际上是一个带投切开关的电容器，将电容器和投切开关作为一个完整的产品设计和制造，和将投切开关装在电容器上是完全不同的概念。
进一步的，所述电容器芯子上设有温度传感器，用于检测电容器芯子的温度，检测到的温度信号送到单片机处理，通过投切开关实现对电容器的保护。
进一步的，所述的三相电源线的引出端子上设有温度传感器，用于检测引出端子的温度，检测到的温度信号送到单片机处理，当引出端子与电源母线接触不良发热时，通过切断投切开关实现对引线端子的保护。
进一步的，所述智能开关线路板上设有电流测量模块和电流谐波成分测量模块，用于检测投切开关闭合后通过电容器的电流，检测到的电流信号送到单片机处理，通过投切开关实现对电容器的保护。
进一步的，所述智能开关线路板上设有电源模块，该电源模块优选是电容降压整流电源。
优选的，所述的投切开关为磁保持继电器。
优选的，所述电线紧固装置为电线紧固螺母或电线紧固压片。
优选的，所述壳体的形状为立方体或圆柱体。
优选的，所述圆柱体智能开关电容器内部的电容器芯子是有七个直径相同的芯子按六角形排列，七个芯子分别产生 1:2:4 的容量。
 有益效果
本发明的有益效果为： 1 、投切开关和电力电容器的最佳配合并进行优化设计，把开关和电力电容器做成一体，可以大大的减少故障率，同时也可以实现电力电容器的快速投切； 2 、电容器具有电子热保护功能，这种过热保护功能以安装在电容器芯子上的热敏电阻为基础，具有保护温度精准，保护速度快的特点，且保护的温度可以调节。延时保护和非破坏性保护的功能是传统的机械保护装置无法实现的； 3 、谐波电流检测和保护功能检测谐波电流准确快速，彻底解决了 PFC （功率因数校正）电力电容在电网系统中由于谐振引起电容器损坏和电网事故的隐患； 4 、取消了电容器并联的放电电阻，在保证电容器安全使用的前提下，最大限度的减少了电力电容器的损耗。
附图说明
下面根据附图对本发明作进一步详细说明。
图 1 是本发明实施例所述的智能开关电容器的局部结构剖视图；
图 2 是本发明实施例所述的智能开关电容器电路原理框图；
图 3 是本发明实施例所述的三相共补智能开关电容器电路原理框图；
图 4 是本发明实施例所述的三相分补智能开关电容器电路原理框图；
图 5 是本发明实施例所述的多级电容量输出的智能开关电容器电路原理框图；
图 6 是本发明实施例所述的圆柱形多容量输出智能开关电容器内部结构图；
图 7 是本发明实施例所述的智能开关电容器外形参考图一；
图 8 是本发明实施例所述的智能开关电容器外形参考图二。
图中：
1 、 壳体 ； 2 、 电容器芯子； 3 、智能开关线路板； 4 、单片机； 5 、投切开关； 5-1 、 5-2 、 5-3 、 5-11 、 5-12 、 5-13 、 5-21 、 5-22 、 5-23 、 5-31 、 5-32 、 5-33 继电器； 6 、三相电源线的引出端子和电线紧固装置； 7 、控制接口； 8 、温度传感器； 9 、温度测量模块； 10 、电流测量模块； 11 、电流谐波成分测量模块； 12 、电容降压整流电源。
 本发明的最佳实施方式
本发明的实施方式
如图 1 和图 2 所示，本发明实施例所述的一种智能开关电容器，包括壳体 1 ，所述壳体 1 的内部设有电容器芯子 2 ，电容器芯子 2 的顶端放置有智能开关线路板 3 ，智能开关线路板 3 上连接有单片机 4 、投切开关 5 、温度测量模块 9 、电流测量模块 10 和电流谐波成分测量模块 11 ，其中，投切开关 5 是三个开关与电容器芯子 2 内三角连接；所述壳体 1 的顶端中部设有三相电源线的引出端子 6 和用于控制开关的控制接口 7 ，控制接口 7 的底部与智能开关线路板 3 连接，三相电源线的引出端子内设有电线紧固装置；所述电线紧固装置为电线紧固螺母或电线紧固压片。一般低压补偿电力电容器由于防潮和绝缘的要求，都要求采用密封的结构，所以对安装在密封壳体内投切开关的可靠性要求就很高，本发明智能开关电容器可以使用中国专利申请 201310265141.1 公开的一种投切开关，这种开关不但具有很高的可靠性，而且开关的整体功耗也很低，完全可以满足智能开关电容器投切开关控制电路发热苛刻的要求。电容器芯子 2 上设有温度传感器 8 ，温度传感器可以放在电容器芯子的芯轴内，也可以放在电容器芯子的表面，由于温度处理电路在电容器外壳内，甚至可以每个电容器的芯子上都设有温度传感器，因为电容器的损坏一般都是由于某一个薄弱的电容器芯子首先过热损坏而开始的，温度传感器设置在电容器芯子上，可以更精准和快速的掌握电容器的工作状态，从而实现准确和快速的保护。
补偿电容器工作是的通过电容器的电流是很大的，如果安装时电容器引线端子没有拧紧或是使用过程中由于电容器端子氧化，就会造成补偿电容器在工作是端子剧烈发热，这是造成补偿电容器早期失效的原因。本发明的智能开关电容器可以将温度传感器装到三相电源线的引出端子 6 的附近，如果检测到引线端子 6 的温度过高时，可以切断开关让智能开关电容器停止工作，防止由于引线端子过热造成电容器的损坏。
图 3 所示电路为本发明实施例所述的三相共补智能开关电容器的原理框图，投切开关 5 是三个独立继电器 5-1 、 5-2 和 5-3 ，分别控制开关 K 1 、 K 2 、 K 3 ， 开关 K 1 、 K 2 、 K 3 与三组电容器芯子角内连接，即每个开关连接一个电容器芯子，智能开关线路板 3 控制每个投切开关触点的动作时间，实现交流电容器的无涌流投切。另外，这种开关与电容器连接的结构还可控制开关 K 1 、 K 2 、 K 3 的单独一路或两路投切，即实现分相补偿。
本发明智能开关电容器也可以做成用于星型电路补偿的结构，这时智能开关电容器采用 A/B/C/N 四端子引出，电路原理框图如图 4 所示， 同样继电器继电器 5-1 、 5-2 和 5-3 ，分别控制开关 K 1 、 K 2 、 K 3 ， 开关 K 1 、 K 2 、 K 3 与三组电容器芯子形成星型连接，智能开关线路板 3 控制每个投切开关触点的动作时间，实现交流电容器的无涌流投切。同样如果控制开关 K 1 、 K 2 、 K 3 的单独一路或两路投切，即星型电路实现分相补偿。
从图 3 和图 4 的实施例可以看到，本发明智能开关电容器不管是三角形还是星型结构，都可以容易的实现共补和分补的电容输出，这是传统的投切开关和电容器分立结构很难实现的。
图 5 是本发明实施例多级容量输出智能开关电容器电路原理框图，图中的 C 11 、 C 12 、 C 13 容量比值是 1 ： 2 ： 4 ，通过控制开关 K 11 、 K 21 、 K 31 的动作组合，可以输出 1 ～ 7 级不同的容量， C 21 、 C 22 、 C 23 和 C 31 、 C 32 、 C 33 也是相同的容量比例。图 5 实施例可以实现 1 ～ 7 级不同的容量的输出，通过控制开关 K 11 ～ K 33 投切的组合方式，还可以实现三相不相同的容量的输出，完成电网所需的三相不平衡分相补偿的功能。若采用传统投切开关和电容器分离的方式，则需要 9 个投切开关和 9 个电容器，本发明实施例多级容量输出智能开关电容器的优势是显而易见的。如果使用更多一级的开关组和电容器组，可以实现更多的容量输出，一般设计人员很容易实现，在此不再赘述。
图 5 的多级容量输出智能开关电容器的方案采用长方形外壳结构可以很容易的实现，因为传统的长方形电力电容器就是用许多小容量电容器芯子并联组成。而若采用圆柱形的外形结构，可考虑采用同轴环形电容器芯子的结构实现多电容量的输出。本发明提出一种用 7 个直径相同的电容器芯子按照六角形排列如图 6-2 所示，其中任意 2 个芯子并联、任意 4 个芯子并联，即可实现 1 ： 2 ： 4 容量的输出。如图 6-1 所示，每个电容器组的控制开关板也可以放置在对应电容器组的上方，这样可以缩短控制开关与被控电容器组之间连线的距离，以优化多级容量输出智能开关电容器的结构。本发明的智能开关电容器可以做成单个投切开关控制单个电容的结构，即做成单相智能开关电容器。
本发明的智能开关电容器，为了降低控制线路的功耗，主要采取的措施是采用电容降压整流电源 12 为智能开关线路板 3 供电和采用磁保持继电器作为投切开关 5 ，这就大大降低了电路的整体功耗，可以将控制线路的整体功耗控制在几百毫瓦以下，不仅节能更重要的是减少了控制线路在电容器壳体内的发热。
如图 7 和 8 所示，本发明智能开关电容器中，所述壳体 1 的形状为立方体或圆柱体，不管外形做成何种结构，智能开关线路板 3 都可设置在电容器芯子 2 的上方。
本发明智能开关电容器实施例中，投切开关的控制接口 7 与无功补偿控制器之间的连接可以采用有线的方式，也可以采用红外或无线的方式。
使用时，在功能方面：电容器芯子 2 上的温度传感器 8 和智能开关线路板 3 上的温度测量模块 9 可以起到过热保护功能，当检测到的温度高于预定值时，智能开关线路板 3 控制投切开关 5 断开，电容器停止工作，进入保护状态，这种温度保护的速度快，保护温度设定的精度高，而且可以根据季节的变化调整，这种调整可以通过投切开关控制接口 7 进行。最重要的是这种保护是可以恢复的，即当电容器不发热时又可以正常工作；同时，由于将电容器芯子 2 和智能开关线路板 3 及投切开关 5 做成一个整体，从而方便了安装，并提高了电容器的可靠性。智能开关线路板 3 上的电流测量模块 10 和电流谐波成分测量模块 11 可以起到谐波保护的功能，当电网电压过高、电网中有高次谐波或由于电容器接入引起电网谐振时，一旦被检测到的电流或电流谐波分量超过预定值时，投切开关 5 切断，保证电容器芯子 2 不会由于过电流而被烧毁。而且过电流的预定值和谐波分量的阈值是可以通过开关控制接口 7 进行调整，且投切开关的保护动作延迟时间也是可以调整的。在成本方面：智能开关电容器具有了谐波保护功能，所以可以省掉保护用的电抗器，大大降低了补偿装置的成本，由于这种保护是针对二次以上所有谐波的，彻底解决了电抗器的谐波保护不可靠的致命弱点；而由于热保护装置和谐波保护装置和开关做成一体，从而大大的降低了开关的成本。
在节能方面：本发明的智能开关电容器在保证安全的前提下，可以取消电容器端子上并联的放电电阻，解决了电力电容器放电电阻耗电的问题。另一方面，本发明的智能开关电容器智能开关线路板 3 采用低功耗设计，整体功耗可以做到几百毫瓦以下，大大低于传统接触器投切开关的 15W 的水平。本发明的智能开关电容器的投切速度可以达到晶闸管投切的速度，而开关的功耗更是大大低于晶闸管投切开关。
发明不局限于上述最佳实施方式，任何人在本发明的启示下都可得出其他各种形式的产品，但不论在其形状或结构上作任何变化，凡是具有与本申请相同或相近似的技术方案，均落在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种智能开关电容器，包括壳体，其特征在于：所述壳体的内部设有电容器芯子，所述电容器芯子的顶端连接有智能开关线路板，所述智能开关线路板上连接有单片机和投切开关，所述投切开关与所述电容器芯子内三角连接；所述壳体的顶端中部设有用于连接三相电源线的引出端子和用于控制开关的控制接口（ 7 ），所述控制接口（ 7 ）的底部与所述智能开关线路板连接。
  2. 根据权利要求 1 所述的智能开关电容器，其特征在于：所述电容器芯子上设有温度传感器。
  3. 根据权利要求 1 所述的智能开关电容器，其特征在于：所述智能开关线路板上设有温度测量模块、电流测量模块和电流谐波成分测量模块。
  4. 根据权利要求 3 所述的智能开关电容器，其特征在于：所述智能开关线路板上设有电源模块。
  5. 根据权利要求 4 所述的智能开关电容器，其特征在于：该电源模块是电容降压整流电源。
  6. 根据权利要求 3 所述的智能开关电容器，其特征在于：所述投切开关为磁保持继电器。
  7. 根据权利要求 1-6 任意一项所述的智能开关电容器，其特征在于：所述壳体（ 1 ）的形状为立方体或圆柱体。
PCT/CN2014/072349 2013-02-22 2014-02-21 智能开关电容器 Ceased WO2014127728A1 (zh)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US14/769,380 US9874921B2 (en) 2013-02-22 2014-02-21 Intelligent switch capacitor
EP14753712.0A EP2960912B1 (en) 2013-02-22 2014-02-21 Intelligent switch capacitor

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201320081778.0 2013-02-22
CN2013200817780U CN203103979U (zh) 2013-02-22 2013-02-22 智能开关电容器

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2014127728A1 true WO2014127728A1 (zh) 2014-08-28

Family

ID=48855356

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN2014/072349 Ceased WO2014127728A1 (zh) 2013-02-22 2014-02-21 智能开关电容器

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US9874921B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP2960912B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN203103979U (zh)
WO (1) WO2014127728A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9793049B2 (en) * 2012-04-25 2017-10-17 Mjg Innovations, Llc Protected capacitor system and method
CN203103979U (zh) 2013-02-22 2013-07-31 王海 智能开关电容器
CN103700510A (zh) * 2013-12-03 2014-04-02 何平洲 一种电容器起动保护装置
CN104836238A (zh) 2014-02-08 2015-08-12 王海 高压智能开关交流电容器
CN105186536A (zh) * 2015-09-22 2015-12-23 刘林周 一种高压智能电容器
CN106849124A (zh) * 2017-03-16 2017-06-13 上海柴德自动化有限公司 一种低压无功自动补偿装置
CN107332439A (zh) * 2017-07-26 2017-11-07 国网河南省电力公司洛阳供电公司 一种消弧线圈调试用电容电流发生器控制模块
US11222783B2 (en) * 2017-09-19 2022-01-11 Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Using cumulative heat amount data to qualify hot plate used for postexposure baking
KR102532036B1 (ko) 2018-03-05 2023-05-15 삼성전자주식회사 이미지가 정상적으로 표시되도록 출력 전압을 제어하는 디스플레이 장치
CN110429613B (zh) * 2019-07-31 2022-12-23 漳州市台联电力科技有限公司 一种无功补偿精度高的智能电容
CN110829453A (zh) * 2019-11-14 2020-02-21 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 智能补偿装置及其控制方法
US11600989B2 (en) * 2020-01-08 2023-03-07 Schneider Electric USA, Inc. Smart capacitor
CN112366087B (zh) * 2020-10-29 2024-06-18 德力西电气有限公司 可外接电抗器的智能电容器
CN112577765B (zh) * 2020-11-27 2022-02-11 海南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 一种变压器综合负载能力评估系统
CN112768228B (zh) * 2020-12-18 2023-04-07 东佳电子（郴州）有限公司 一种具有断电保护功能的电容器
KR102350234B1 (ko) * 2021-02-13 2022-01-12 이성호 정전용량 검출장치
CN121933832A (zh) * 2021-02-22 2026-04-28 华为数字能源技术有限公司 一种故障检测装置、方法和并网光伏发电系统
KR20230124311A (ko) * 2022-02-18 2023-08-25 주식회사 케이,에스,이. 과부하 보호 장치를 구비한 적외선 합성파장에 의한 회송 광에너지를 이용한 에너지 최적화 절전 장치
CN114977098A (zh) * 2022-06-15 2022-08-30 张翼祥 具有温度保护功能的电力补偿电容

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN201611781U (zh) * 2010-01-08 2010-10-20 杭州德力西集团有限公司 多路阶梯式智能补偿的智能电容器
CN202050248U (zh) * 2011-04-20 2011-11-23 河南胜华电气有限公司 智能无功补偿控制器
CN102299519A (zh) * 2010-06-28 2011-12-28 王海 交流电容器投切开关电路
JP2012050290A (ja) * 2010-08-30 2012-03-08 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 自動力率調整器
CN202276153U (zh) * 2011-11-01 2012-06-13 北京博瑞莱智能科技有限公司 一种一体化低压无功自动补偿单元
CN203103979U (zh) * 2013-02-22 2013-07-31 王海 智能开关电容器

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20020196112A1 (en) * 1999-09-23 2002-12-26 Meichun Ruan Electronically switching latching micro-magnetic relay and method of operating same
US6819088B2 (en) * 2001-11-05 2004-11-16 Krishna Shenai DC-DC converter with resonant gate drive
US7768215B1 (en) * 2008-06-26 2010-08-03 Universal Lighting Technologies, Inc. Method and system for controlling transient current signals in an electronic ballast
CN102013686A (zh) * 2010-09-17 2011-04-13 苏州鼎安电子科技有限公司 一体化智能可变电容器
US20150207426A1 (en) * 2014-01-20 2015-07-23 Transistor Devices, Inc. D/B/A Tdi Power Non-isolated AC input DC Driver

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN201611781U (zh) * 2010-01-08 2010-10-20 杭州德力西集团有限公司 多路阶梯式智能补偿的智能电容器
CN102299519A (zh) * 2010-06-28 2011-12-28 王海 交流电容器投切开关电路
JP2012050290A (ja) * 2010-08-30 2012-03-08 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 自動力率調整器
CN202050248U (zh) * 2011-04-20 2011-11-23 河南胜华电气有限公司 智能无功补偿控制器
CN202276153U (zh) * 2011-11-01 2012-06-13 北京博瑞莱智能科技有限公司 一种一体化低压无功自动补偿单元
CN203103979U (zh) * 2013-02-22 2013-07-31 王海 智能开关电容器

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of EP2960912A4

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2960912B1 (en) 2020-01-08
CN203103979U (zh) 2013-07-31
US9874921B2 (en) 2018-01-23
EP2960912A1 (en) 2015-12-30
US20150378416A1 (en) 2015-12-31
EP2960912A4 (en) 2016-10-19

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO2014127728A1 (zh) 智能开关电容器
CN201204461Y (zh) 智能低压无功补偿综合模块
CN104836238A (zh) 高压智能开关交流电容器
CN102820809B (zh) 微型智能光伏汇流箱
CN202737462U (zh) 用于滤波补偿装置的智能集成电力电容器
CN103746331B (zh) 带冗余装置的多功能防火短路保护器
CN201130861Y (zh) 智能集成电力电容器
CN105871221A (zh) 一种低空载损耗的变压器系统
CN201742094U (zh) 一种can总线电压无功智能补偿装置
CN102157945B (zh) 一种分补型低压智能组合式无功功率补偿器
CN205565691U (zh) 一种用于高压变频系统电动机的综合保护装置
CN201054504Y (zh) 智能低压无功补偿综合模块
CN108539835A (zh) 一种ac-dc电池充电装置
CN207925985U (zh) 一种多功能智能配电箱
CN205544306U (zh) 低压电容补偿柜
CN207835067U (zh) 一种无功功率补偿控制系统
CN204012642U (zh) 用于电热地毯的保护电路
CN202145562U (zh) 一种电机综合保护装置
CN202737470U (zh) 基于模块化设计的节能型智能化低压无功补偿控制系统
CN107069763A (zh) 一种低压智能电容器控制器及无功补偿系统
CN201478835U (zh) 一种无功补偿中使用的智能电容器
CN104734331B (zh) 一种用于双电源转换开关电器的电压取样电路
CN200990575Y (zh) 电梯变频器外挂式能量回馈装置
CN106887854A (zh) 一种主从控制的配电台区混合补偿系统及其控制方法
CN206922421U (zh) 一种电芯保护电路

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 14753712

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 14769380

Country of ref document: US

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 2014753712

Country of ref document: EP