WO2014129371A1 - 軸シール装置及び回転機械 - Google Patents
軸シール装置及び回転機械 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2014129371A1 WO2014129371A1 PCT/JP2014/053282 JP2014053282W WO2014129371A1 WO 2014129371 A1 WO2014129371 A1 WO 2014129371A1 JP 2014053282 W JP2014053282 W JP 2014053282W WO 2014129371 A1 WO2014129371 A1 WO 2014129371A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- pressure side
- seal
- low
- rotor
- thin plate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J15/00—Sealings
- F16J15/44—Free-space packings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J15/00—Sealings
- F16J15/16—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces
- F16J15/32—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with elastic sealings, e.g. O-rings
- F16J15/3284—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with elastic sealings, e.g. O-rings characterised by their structure; Selection of materials
- F16J15/3292—Lamellar structures
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
- F01D11/001—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between stator blade and rotor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
- F01D11/003—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages by packing rings; Mechanical seals
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/28—Arrangement of seals
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J15/00—Sealings
- F16J15/16—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces
- F16J15/32—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with elastic sealings, e.g. O-rings
- F16J15/3248—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with elastic sealings, e.g. O-rings provided with casings or supports
- F16J15/3252—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with elastic sealings, e.g. O-rings provided with casings or supports with rigid casings or supports
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J15/00—Sealings
- F16J15/44—Free-space packings
- F16J15/445—Free-space packings with means for adjusting the clearance
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2240/00—Components
- F05D2240/55—Seals
- F05D2240/59—Lamellar seals
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a shaft seal device and a rotary machine that seal an annular space between a rotor and a stator and divide the annular space into a low pressure side region and a high pressure side region.
- a shaft seal device is provided around a rotor in a rotary machine such as a gas turbine or a steam turbine in order to reduce the leakage amount of the working fluid flowing from the high pressure side to the low pressure side.
- a shaft sealing device described in Patent Document 1 below is known.
- FIG. 9 shows a schematic configuration diagram of a conventional shaft seal device 110.
- the shaft seal device 110 includes a housing 109 supported on the inner peripheral surface of the stator, and a seal body 112 disposed in the housing 109 in the circumferential direction.
- the seal body 112 is configured by laminating a large number of thin seal pieces 120 with their respective thickness directions (paper surface direction in FIG. 9) directed in the circumferential direction of the rotor (rotating shaft 6) with a minute gap therebetween.
- Each of the thin plate seal pieces 120 is disposed so as to be inclined such that the radially inner end (front end) of the rotor is positioned on the front side in the rotational direction of the rotor with respect to the radially outer end (rear end).
- the ends are connected to each other via the brazing portion 24, and the tip is a free end.
- the thin seal piece 120 constituting the seal body 112 is a flat plate member having a predetermined width dimension in the axial direction of the rotor.
- the seal body 112 has a T shape having a head portion 120d, and the housing 109 has a T-shaped internal space 109a corresponding thereto.
- the tip of the thin seal piece 120 is in contact with the rotor when the rotor is stationary.
- the tip of the thin plate seal piece 120 floats from the outer periphery of the rotor due to the dynamic pressure effect generated by the rotation of the rotor and is in a non-contact state with the rotor. For this reason, in this shaft seal device 110, wear of the thin seal piece 120 is suppressed, and the seal life is extended.
- the conventional shaft seal device 110 when the conventional shaft seal device 110 is applied to a portion where the relative eccentricity between the rotor and the stator is large, in other words, when the rotation center of the rotor deviates from the designed rotation center, the thin plate in the circumferential direction is used.
- a difference occurs in the pressing force of the seal piece 120. That is, the rotor is eccentric with respect to the stator, and in some cases, the distance between the rotor and the stator becomes small and an excessive pressing force is generated, while the distance between the rotor and the stator becomes large and the pressing force becomes too small.
- the rigidity of the thin plate seal piece 120 increases as shown in FIG.
- the gaps G1 and G2 increase as shown in FIG. 11, and leakage increases.
- Patent Document 2 describes a shaft seal device that suppresses a change in flying characteristics even when the rotor is decentered by chamfering the edge of the seal body.
- the shaft seal device described in Patent Document 2 has a problem that it is difficult to adjust the flying characteristics because the gap between the seal body 112 and the housing 109 is not defined.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a shaft seal device.
- the shaft seal device is a shaft seal device that divides a space between the rotor and the stator into a high pressure side and a low pressure side, and extends from the stator toward the rotor side.
- a plurality of thin plate seal pieces are laminated in the circumferential direction of the rotor, and fixed to the stator, and held so as to surround the seal body from the outside in the radial direction, and at the high-pressure side end of the seal body
- a housing having a first opposing surface and a second opposing surface facing the low-pressure side edge of the seal body, wherein the high-pressure side gap between the seal body and the first opposing surface is It is made smaller than the low-pressure side gap between the seal body and the second opposing surface, and gradually goes to the high-pressure side toward the low-pressure side edge of each thin plate seal piece of the seal body toward the tip that becomes the rotor side.
- An inclined part is formed There.
- the floating force of a thin plate sealing piece becomes so large that the pressing amount is large, and it can prevent that a thin plate sealing piece wears out. Further, if the pressing amount is small, the levitating force of the thin plate seal piece is small, so that leakage can be reduced. Further, since the high-pressure side gap is set to be smaller than the low-pressure side gap, the pressure control between the thin plate seal pieces by the low-pressure side gap that changes according to the inclined portion of the low-pressure side end becomes easy.
- the inclined portion may be formed from the tip to a position corresponding to the end of the second facing surface on the rotor side.
- the end portion on the rotor side of the second facing surface may be inclined so as to follow the inclination of the inclined portion.
- the shaft seal device may be configured such that a high-pressure side plate for defining the high-pressure side gap is attached to the high-pressure side end side.
- the high-pressure side gap is defined by the high-pressure side plate, it is easier to control the pressure between the thin plate seal pieces.
- the present invention provides a rotating machine provided with any of the above shaft seal devices.
- the levitation force of the thin plate sealing piece increases as the pressing amount increases, and the thin plate sealing piece can be prevented from being worn. Further, if the pressing amount is small, the levitating force of the thin plate seal piece is small, so that leakage can be reduced.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a gas turbine according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line S1-S1 in FIG. 1 and is a schematic configuration diagram of the shaft seal device as seen from the axial direction of the rotating shaft.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line S2-S2 in FIG. 2 and is a cross-sectional view of the shaft seal device at a portion where the pressing amount is small.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line S1-S1 in FIG. 1 and is a cross-sectional view illustrating a case where the amount of relative eccentricity between the rotor and the stator is large.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line S2-S2 in FIG. 2 and is a cross-sectional view of the shaft seal device at a location where the pressing amount is large. It is a figure for demonstrating operation
- FIG. 1 is a schematic overall configuration diagram of a gas turbine (rotary machine) 1 according to the present embodiment.
- the gas turbine 1 mixes and burns fuel into a compressor (rotary machine) 2 that takes in a large amount of air and compresses the compressed air compressed by the compressor 2.
- a combustor 3 and a turbine (rotary machine) 4 that converts thermal energy of combustion gas introduced from the combustor 3 into rotational energy are provided.
- the compressor 2 and the turbine 4 include rotors 2A and 4A that are connected so as to rotate integrally, and stators 2B and 4B that surround the outer peripheral sides of the rotors 2A and 4A.
- the axis O direction of the rotors 2A and 4A is simply “axis O direction”
- the circumferential direction of the rotors 2A and 4A is simply “circumferential direction”
- the radial direction is simply referred to as “radial direction”.
- the rotors 2A, 4A have rotating shafts 6c, 6 and a plurality of annular blade groups 7c, 7 fixed at intervals in the direction of the axis O.
- Each of the annular blade groups 7c, 7 is configured to have a plurality of blades fixed on the outer periphery of the rotary shafts 6c, 6 at intervals in the circumferential direction.
- the stators 2B and 4B include casings 2b and 4b, and a plurality of annular stator blade groups 5c and 5 fixed at intervals in the direction of the axis O in the casings 2b and 4b, respectively.
- the annular stator blade groups 5c, 5 have a plurality of stator blades fixed to the inner surfaces of the casings 2b, 4b at intervals in the circumferential direction.
- a hub shroud is formed at the tip of each stationary blade, and the hub shroud (stator) is connected in the circumferential direction so as to form an annular shape as a whole and surround the outer periphery of the rotary shafts 6c and 6.
- the annular stator blade groups 5c and 5 are alternately arranged with the plurality of annular rotor blade groups 7c and 7 in the direction of the axis O, respectively.
- Shaft seal devices 10c, 10 are provided on the hub shrouds 5c, 5. Moreover, in order to prevent the working fluid g from leaking from the high pressure side to the low pressure side in the bearing portions (stators) 2c and 4c in which the casings 2b and 4b support the rotary shafts 6c and 6 as well, shaft seal devices 10c and 10c are provided. Is provided.
- the shaft seal device 10 of the turbine 4 will be described.
- the shaft seal device 10 of the turbine 4 will be described.
- the shaft seal device 10c of the compressor 2 is basically the same in configuration, and the description thereof will be omitted.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line S1-S1 in FIG. 1
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line S2-S2 in FIG.
- the rotary shaft 6 shown in FIG. 3 is schematically shown in order to clarify the relative positional relationship with the shaft seal device 10.
- the shaft seal device 10 of the turbine 4 extends in the circumferential direction in housings 9 respectively supported by the hub shroud of the annular stationary blade group 5 and the inner peripheral surface of the bearing portion 4 c.
- the seal body 12 is accommodated.
- the seal body 12 includes a large number of thin plate seal pieces 20 and a high pressure side plate 13 (high pressure side plate, first opposing surface) that defines a gap between the thin plate seal pieces 20 and the housing 9.
- the thin plate seal pieces 20 are laminated with their respective thickness directions in the circumferential direction of the rotary shaft 6 with a minute gap therebetween.
- Each of the thin plate seal pieces 20 is disposed so as to be inclined such that the radially inner end thereof is positioned on the front side in the rotational direction of the rotary shaft 6 with respect to the radially outer end thereof, and the rear end thereof connects the connecting portion 24.
- the tip is a free end.
- the thin plate seal piece 20 constituting the seal body 12 is a flat plate-like member having a predetermined width dimension in the axial direction of the rotary shaft 6.
- the thin plate seal piece 20 is in sliding contact with an acute angle with a predetermined preload with a circumferential inclination with respect to the outer peripheral surface of the rotary shaft 6 on the radially inner side.
- the thin plate seal piece 20 has a T shape having a head portion 20d, and the housing 9 has a T-shaped accommodation space 9a corresponding thereto.
- the housing 9 is provided so as to surround the outer peripheral side of the rotating shaft 6, and the accommodation space 9 a is also formed to extend in the circumferential direction.
- the housing space 9a of the housing 9 has an opening side, that is, a radially inner portion, which is an inner space 9b formed with a small width dimension (dimension in the axis O direction).
- a space spaced radially outward from the opening of the accommodation space 9a, that is, a space radially outside the inner space 9b is an outer space 9c having a larger width dimension.
- the inner side space 9b and the outer side space 9c are in communication with each other. And the open part of this inner side space 9b has faced the rotating shaft 6 of the radial inside.
- the inner space 9b is formed such that its dimension in the axis O direction is slightly larger than the dimension (width dimension) of the thin plate seal piece 20 in the axis O direction.
- the high pressure side in the axis O direction of the inner space 9b of the housing 9 is a high pressure side wall 21 and the low pressure side in the axis O direction is a low pressure side wall 22 (second facing surface). That is, the high-pressure side wall 21 is a surface facing the high-pressure side end 20 e of the thin plate seal piece 20, and the low-pressure side wall 22 is a surface facing the low-pressure side end 20 a of the thin plate seal piece 20.
- the inner space 9 b is formed by the high-pressure side wall 21 and the low-pressure side wall 22. A predetermined gap is provided between the radially inner ends of the high-pressure side wall 21 and the low-pressure side wall 22 and the rotary shaft 6.
- the high-pressure side plate 13 is sandwiched between one side edge that opposes the high-pressure side region of the large number of thin plate seal pieces 20 and the high-pressure side wall 21.
- the high-pressure side plate 13 has an arcuate band shape when viewed from the direction of the axis O of the rotating shaft 6 with the thickness direction oriented in the direction of the axis O.
- the high-pressure side plate 13 has a surface facing the direction of the axis O, and is formed to bend and extend in the circumferential direction.
- the high-pressure side plate 13 is joined to a large number of thin plate seal pieces 10 by welding or fitting at the joint portion 14 at the radially outer end. As a result, the plate surface facing the low pressure side of the high pressure side plate 13 is fixed so as to cover the high pressure side of the large number of thin plate seal pieces 20.
- the high-pressure side plate 13 defines a high-pressure side gap t0 between the seal body 12 and the high-pressure side wall 21 of the housing 9.
- the high-pressure side gap t0 corresponds to a gap between the seal body 12 and the high-pressure side wall 21 of the housing 9 when the high-pressure side plate 13 is not provided.
- the radially inner end of the low-pressure side wall 22 is a stepped portion 23 that is separated from the thin plate seal piece 20 in the axis O direction. That is, compared with the base end side (radially outer side) of the low-pressure side wall 22, a gap between the distal end side (radial inner side) of the low-pressure side wall 22 and the thin plate seal piece 20 (seal body 12) becomes large. It is formed as follows. In other words, the gap (low-pressure side gap) between the low-pressure side edge 20a of the thin plate seal piece 20 and the low-pressure side wall 22 is made as small as possible by the low-pressure side wall 22 on the base end side of the thin plate seal piece 20. On the tip end side of the piece 20, it is enlarged by the step-shaped portion 23. A low-pressure side gap on the tip side of the thin plate sealing piece 20 is indicated by reference numeral t1.
- the high-pressure side gap t0 is set to be smaller than the low-pressure side gap t1. That is, the distance between the surface of the high-pressure side plate 13 facing the low-pressure side and the high-pressure side end 20e of the seal body 12 is set to be smaller than the low-pressure side gap t1.
- the high-pressure side plate 13 is not necessarily provided. That is, if the gap between the seal body 12 and the high-pressure side wall 21 of the housing 9 is smaller than the low-pressure side gap t1, the high-pressure side plate 13 can be omitted.
- the inclined part 20b which inclines to the high voltage
- the shape is chamfered.
- the radially outer end of the inclined portion 20b is set so that its radial position is substantially the same as the radially inner end of the low-pressure side wall 22.
- the region in which the width of the thin seal piece 20 is narrowed by the inclined portion 20b is a region radially inward from the radially inner end of the housing 9 in the radial direction.
- the thin plate seal piece 20 when the pressing force of the thin plate seal piece 20 is eliminated or becomes small, the thin plate seal piece 20 is in a flat state or a state close to a flat state, and therefore, the low-pressure side gap t1 is separated from the inner wall of the stepped portion 23. This is the distance from the low-pressure side edge 20a of the thin plate seal piece 20.
- the low-pressure side clearance between the low-pressure side wall 22 and the thin plate seal piece 20 at the location where the rotor and the housing approach each other is t2 which is larger than t1. That is, since the pressing force of the thin plate sealing piece 20 is increased, the thin plate sealing piece 20 is in a curved state. Therefore, the low pressure side gap t2 is formed between the inner wall of the stepped portion 23 and the inclined portion 20b of the thin plate sealing piece 20. It becomes the distance.
- the low pressure side gaps t1 and t2 are small at the position where the rotor and the stator are separated from each other, but are large at the position where the rotor and the stator are close to each other. That is, as the rotor and the housing approach and the pressing force of the thin plate seal piece 20 increases, the low pressure side gaps t1 and t2 increase.
- the relationship between the size of the low-pressure side gap and the levitation force of the seal body 12 will be described.
- FIG. 6A when the gas pressure of the working fluid from the high pressure side region toward the low pressure side region is applied to each thin plate seal piece 20, the inner periphery side tip and the high pressure are applied to each thin plate seal piece 20.
- a gas pressure distribution 40a is formed in which the gas pressure is highest at the corner r1 positioned on the side, and the gas pressure gradually decreases toward the diagonal corner r2.
- the thin plate sealing piece 20 has a T-shape.
- FIG. 6 only the rectangular part where the bending occurs is shown and the other parts are not shown in order to simplify the explanation. Yes.
- the surface of the thin plate seal piece 20 facing the rotating shaft 6 is a lower surface 20q, and the back side thereof is an upper surface 20p.
- a gas pressure from the high pressure side region to the low pressure side region is applied to each thin plate sealing piece 20 to form a gas pressure distribution 40a as shown in FIG. 6A, a cross section of each thin plate sealing piece 20 is formed.
- the gas pressure is adjusted so that the gas pressure applied to the lower surface 20q is higher than the gas pressure applied to the upper surface 20p at an arbitrary position along.
- the working fluid g flowing from the high pressure side region toward the low pressure side region flows from between the high pressure side wall 21 and the outer peripheral surface of the rotary shaft 6. 6A, the working fluid g flows between the outer peripheral surface of the rotating shaft 6 and the inner peripheral end of the thin plate seal piece 20, and along the upper surface 20p and the lower surface 20q of the thin plate seal piece 20. , Flows radially from the corner r1 to the corner r2. As the working fluid g flows in this manner, a low pressure region expands toward the outer peripheral side base end of the thin plate sealing piece 20. Therefore, as shown in FIG.
- the gas pressure distributions 40b, 40c applied perpendicularly to the upper surface 20p and the lower surface 20q of each thin plate seal piece 20 become larger as the inner end of the thin plate seal piece 20 is closer to the thin plate seal piece. It becomes a triangular distribution shape which becomes small as it goes to the outer peripheral side base end of the piece 20.
- the gas pressure distributions 40b and 40c on each of the upper surface 20p and the lower surface 20q have substantially the same shape, but the thin plate seal pieces 20 are arranged so that the angle with respect to the peripheral surface of the rotating shaft 6 is an acute angle.
- the relative positions of the gas pressure distributions 40b and 40c on the upper surface 20p and the lower surface 20q are shifted. Therefore, a difference occurs in the gas pressures of the upper surface 20p and the lower surface 20q at an arbitrary point P from the outer peripheral base end to the inner peripheral front end of the thin plate seal piece 20. That is, in the thin plate seal piece 20, the gas pressure applied to the lower surface 20q is higher than the gas pressure applied to the upper surface 20p. As a result, a levitation force FL is generated in the direction of floating from the rotary shaft 6 with respect to the inner circumferential side tip of the thin plate seal piece 20.
- the levitation force FL acts on each thin plate seal piece 20, and the inner peripheral side of the thin plate seal piece 20
- the tip is deformed so as to float from the outer peripheral surface of the rotating shaft 6. That is, when the rotary shaft 6 is stopped, the inner peripheral tip of the thin seal piece 20 is in contact with the peripheral surface of the rotary shaft 6 with a predetermined preload, but when the rotary shaft 6 rotates, the inner peripheral tip of the thin seal piece 20 is in contact. Since the levitation force FL acts on the thin plate seal piece 20, the thin plate seal piece 20 floats from the rotating shaft 6 to be in a non-contact state, and a predetermined seal clearance is formed.
- the gas g flowing from the high-pressure side region to the low-pressure side region through the thin plate seal piece 20 It becomes easy to flow widely diagonally along the upper surface 20p and the lower surface 20q of the thin plate seal piece 20. That is, the greater the low pressure side gap, the greater the levitation force.
- the inclined portion 20b is formed on the low pressure side edge 20a of the thin plate seal piece 20, and the low pressure side gap is increased as the pressing amount is increased.
- the floating force of the thin plate sealing piece 20 increases as the pressing amount increases, and the thin plate sealing piece 20 can be prevented from being worn. That is, even when the rotary shaft 6 is eccentric, the difference in the amount of pressing against the thin plate seal piece 20 can be reduced.
- the levitating force of the thin plate sealing piece 20 becomes small, so that the leakage can be reduced.
- the high-pressure side gap t0 smaller than the low-pressure side gap t1, it is easy to control the pressure between the thin plate seal pieces 20 by the low-pressure side gap that is changed by the inclined portion 20b of the low-pressure side end 20a.
- step-shaped portion 23 is formed on the distal end side of the low-pressure side wall 22 of the housing 9, the low-pressure side gap is increased on the distal end side of the low-pressure side wall 22, and The deformation of the thin seal piece 20 can be restrained.
- the rigidity of the thin plate seal piece 20 is reduced by providing the inclined portion 20b on the low-pressure side edge 20a.
- the housing 9B of this embodiment is inclined to the high pressure side in the axial direction as the tip end side of the stepped portion 23B of the low pressure side wall 22B is directed radially inward.
- the front end side of the stepped portion 23B is inclined along the inclined portion 20b of the thin plate sealing piece 20, and the gap between the stepped portion 23 and the inclined portion 20b of the thin plate sealing piece 20 is constant. It is formed to become.
- the low pressure side gap between the low pressure side wall 22B and the thin plate seal piece 20 at a location where the rotor and the housing are separated and the pressing amount is small is t1B.
- the low pressure side gap between the low pressure side wall 22B and the thin plate seal piece 20 at a location where the rotor and the housing are close to each other and the pressing amount is large is t2B which is larger than t1B.
- the step-shaped portion 23B of this embodiment is inclined in the same inclination direction as that of the inclined portion 20b, the difference between t1B and t2B is smaller than that of the first embodiment. That is, the change in the low-pressure side gap is small between the place where the rotor and the housing are separated and the place where the rotor is close.
- the amount of change in the low-pressure side gap accompanying the change in the pressing amount can be adjusted by making the shape of the stepped portion 23B along the inclined portion 20b.
- the technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
- the gap between the thin plate sealing piece and the low-pressure side wall may be made uniform without providing the step-shaped portion.
- pressure side clearance gap by a step shape part was shown, it is good also as arrange
- the floating force of the thin plate seal piece increases as the pressing amount increases, and the thin plate seal piece can be prevented from being worn. Further, if the pressing amount is small, the levitating force of the thin plate seal piece is small, so that leakage can be reduced.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
- Sealing Devices (AREA)
- Sealing Using Fluids, Sealing Without Contact, And Removal Of Oil (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本願は、2013年2月22日に出願された特願2013-033202号について優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
即ち、ロータがステータに対して偏心し、一部でロータとステータとの間隔が小さくなり過大な押し付け力が発生する一方、ロータとステータとの間隔が大きくなり押し付け力が過小となる。これにより、過大な押し付け力が発生する箇所では、図10に示すように、薄板シール片120の剛性が増加して浮上特性が低下し、摩耗が発生する可能性がある。また、押し付け力が過小な場所では図11に示すように隙間G1,G2が増加し、漏れが増加する。
しかしながら、特許文献2に記載の軸シール装置は、シール体112とハウジング109との間の隙間が規定されていないため、浮上特性の調整が困難であるという問題がある。
また、高圧側隙間が低圧側隙間より小さくなるように設定されていることによって、低圧側端辺の傾斜部によって変化する低圧側隙間による薄板シール片間の圧力制御が容易となる。
以下、図面を参照し、本発明の第一実施形態に係る回転機械について説明する。
図1は本実施形態に係るガスタービン(回転機械)1の概略全体構成図である。
ガスタービン1は、図1に示すように、多量の空気を内部に取り入れて圧縮する圧縮機(回転機械)2と、この圧縮機2にて圧縮された圧縮空気に燃料を混合して燃焼させる燃焼器3と、燃焼器3から導入された燃焼ガスの熱エネルギーを回転エネルギーに変換するタービン(回転機械)4とを備えている。
この環状静翼群5c,5は、それぞれ、複数の環状動翼群7c,7と、軸線O方向に交互に配置されている。
図2及び図3に示すように、タービン4の軸シール装置10は、環状静翼群5のハブシュラウドと軸受け部4cの内周面とにそれぞれ支持されたハウジング9内に、周方向に延びるシール体12が収容されることで構成されている。
内方側空間9bは、その軸線O方向の寸法が薄板シール片20の軸線O方向の寸法(幅寸法)よりも僅かに大きくなるように形成されている。
なお、高圧側側板13は必ずしも設ける必要はない。即ち、シール体12とハウジング9の高圧側側壁21との間の隙間が低圧側隙間t1よりも小さくなっていれば、高圧側側板13を設けない構成とすることもできる。
具体的には、傾斜部20bの径方向外側の端は、低圧側側壁22の径方向内側の端と、径方向における位置が略同じとなるように設定されている。換言すれば、傾斜部20bによって薄板シール片20の幅が狭くなる領域は、径方向においてハウジング9の径方向内側端より径方向内側の領域である。
図4に示すように、ロータとステータとの相対偏心量が大きい場合、ロータとハウジングとが離間する箇所(符号Wで示す)と、ロータとハウジングとが接近する箇所(符号Nで示す)が生じる。図3に示すように、ロータとハウジングとが離間する箇所における低圧側側壁22と薄板シール片20との間の低圧側隙間はt1となる。即ち、薄板シール片20の押し付け力が無くなるか僅かになることによって、薄板シール片20が平面状態、又は平面状態に近い状態となるため、低圧側隙間t1は、段形状部23の内側壁と薄板シール片20の低圧側端辺20aとの距離となる。
図6Aに示すように、高圧側領域から低圧側領域に向かう作動流体のガス圧が各々の薄板シール片20に加わった場合に、各々の薄板シール片20に対して、内周側先端かつ高圧側に位置する角部r1で最もガス圧が高く、対角の角部r2に向かって徐々にガス圧が弱まるガス圧力分布40aが形成される。なお、図3においては薄板シール片20はT字型形状としているが、図6においては説明を簡単にするために、撓みが生じる長方形部分のみを図示してその他の部分は図示を省略している。
さらに、低圧側端辺20aに傾斜部20bを設けたことによって、薄板シール片20のねじれを低減することができる。
以下、本発明の第二実施形態の軸シール装置を図面に基づいて説明する。なお、本実施形態では、上述した第一実施形態との相違点を中心に述べ、同様の部分についてはその説明を省略する。
図7に示すように、ロータとハウジングとが離間し、押し付け量が小さい箇所における低圧側側壁22Bと薄板シール片20との間の低圧側隙間はt1Bとなる。
図8に示すように、ロータとハウジングとが接近し、押し付け量が大きい箇所における低圧側側壁22Bと薄板シール片20との間の低圧側隙間はt1Bより大きいt2Bとなる。
ここで、本実施形態の段形状部23Bは傾斜部20bと同一傾斜方向に傾斜しているため、t1Bとt2Bとの差は第一実施形態と比較すると小さなものとなる。即ち、ロータとハウジングとが離間する場所と接近する場所とで、低圧側隙間の変化が小さいものとなる。
上記各実施形態の低圧側側壁には段形状部が設けられているが、段形状部を設けることなく、薄板シール片と低圧側側壁との隙間を一様にしてもよい。
また、上記各実施形態においては、段形状部によって低圧側隙間を規定する例を示したが、段形状部と同等の形状を有する側板(サイドプレート)を配置することとしてもよい。
2A,4A ロータ
2B,4B ステータ
6 回転軸
9 ハウジング
10 軸シール装置
12 シール体
13 高圧側側板(第一対向面)
20 薄板シール片
20a 低圧側端辺
20b 傾斜部
21 高圧側側壁
22 低圧側側壁(第二対向面)
24 連結部
t0 高圧側隙間
t1,t2 低圧側隙間
Claims (5)
- ロータとステータとの間の空間を高圧側と低圧側とに区画する軸シール装置であって、
前記ステータからロータ側に向かって延びる薄板シール片を、前記ロータの周方向に複数積層してなるシール体と、
前記ステータに固定され、前記シール体を径方向外側から囲うように保持するとともに、前記シール体の高圧側端辺に対向する第一対向面と、前記シール体の低圧側端辺に対向する第二対向面とを有するハウジングと、を備え、
前記シール体と第一対向面との間の高圧側隙間は、前記シール体と前記第二対向面との間の低圧側隙間よりも小さくされており、
前記シール体の各薄板シール片の低圧側端辺に、前記ロータ側となる先端に向かうに従って漸次高圧側に傾斜する傾斜部が形成されている軸シール装置。 - 前記傾斜部は、前記先端から前記第二対向面の前記ロータ側の端に対応する位置まで形成されている請求項1に記載の軸シール装置。
- 前記第二対向面の前記ロータ側となる端部は、前記傾斜部の傾斜に沿うように傾斜している請求項1又は請求項2に記載の軸シール装置。
- 前記高圧側端辺には、前記高圧側隙間を規定するための高圧側側板が取り付けられている請求項1から請求項3のいずれか一項に記載の軸シール装置。
- 請求項1から請求項4のいずれか一項に記載の軸シール装置を備える回転機械。
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1020157016974A KR101721348B1 (ko) | 2013-02-22 | 2014-02-13 | 축 시일장치 및 회전기계 |
| CN201480003696.1A CN104870871B (zh) | 2013-02-22 | 2014-02-13 | 轴封装置及旋转机械 |
| US14/769,241 US9677669B2 (en) | 2013-02-22 | 2014-02-13 | Shaft seal device and rotary machine |
| EP14754259.1A EP2960558B1 (en) | 2013-02-22 | 2014-02-13 | Shaft seal device and rotary machine |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2013033202A JP6012505B2 (ja) | 2013-02-22 | 2013-02-22 | 軸シール装置及び回転機械 |
| JP2013-033202 | 2013-02-22 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| WO2014129371A1 true WO2014129371A1 (ja) | 2014-08-28 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| PCT/JP2014/053282 Ceased WO2014129371A1 (ja) | 2013-02-22 | 2014-02-13 | 軸シール装置及び回転機械 |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US9677669B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP2960558B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP6012505B2 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR101721348B1 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN104870871B (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2014129371A1 (ja) |
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| CN107250487A (zh) * | 2015-02-20 | 2017-10-13 | 三菱日立电力系统株式会社 | 叶轮机用密封装置、叶轮机及密封装置用的薄板 |
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| US20240125391A1 (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2024-04-18 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Shaft seal device and rotary machine |
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| JP6270053B2 (ja) * | 2014-12-16 | 2018-01-31 | 三菱日立パワーシステムズ株式会社 | 軸シール機構 |
| JP6168706B2 (ja) * | 2014-12-16 | 2017-07-26 | 三菱日立パワーシステムズ株式会社 | 軸シール機構 |
| JP6245762B2 (ja) * | 2014-12-16 | 2017-12-13 | 三菱日立パワーシステムズ株式会社 | 軸シール機構 |
| WO2017146155A1 (ja) * | 2016-02-24 | 2017-08-31 | 日立オートモティブシステムズ株式会社 | シリンダ装置およびその製造方法 |
| US11415227B2 (en) | 2019-08-21 | 2022-08-16 | Raytheon Technologies Corporation | Non-contact seal assembly with chamfered seal shoe |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2014163420A (ja) | 2014-09-08 |
| EP2960558B1 (en) | 2018-05-23 |
| EP2960558A4 (en) | 2016-11-02 |
| KR101721348B1 (ko) | 2017-03-29 |
| KR20150090182A (ko) | 2015-08-05 |
| CN104870871B (zh) | 2016-11-09 |
| US20160010751A1 (en) | 2016-01-14 |
| EP2960558A1 (en) | 2015-12-30 |
| JP6012505B2 (ja) | 2016-10-25 |
| CN104870871A (zh) | 2015-08-26 |
| US9677669B2 (en) | 2017-06-13 |
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