WO2014161409A1 - 一种移动终端充电器 - Google Patents

一种移动终端充电器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014161409A1
WO2014161409A1 PCT/CN2014/072611 CN2014072611W WO2014161409A1 WO 2014161409 A1 WO2014161409 A1 WO 2014161409A1 CN 2014072611 W CN2014072611 W CN 2014072611W WO 2014161409 A1 WO2014161409 A1 WO 2014161409A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
charger
thermistor
mobile terminal
circuit
resistor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2014/072611
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
梁锡林
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ZTE Corp
Original Assignee
ZTE Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ZTE Corp filed Critical ZTE Corp
Priority to KR1020167003628A priority Critical patent/KR101783161B1/ko
Priority to JP2016533785A priority patent/JP6188945B2/ja
Priority to EP14778753.5A priority patent/EP3021449B1/en
Priority to US14/910,684 priority patent/US10164449B2/en
Publication of WO2014161409A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014161409A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
    • H02H3/085—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current making use of a thermal sensor, e.g. thermistor, heated by the excess current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/18—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for batteries; for accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/60—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries including safety or protection arrangements
    • H02J7/62—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries including safety or protection arrangements against overcurrent
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/60—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries including safety or protection arrangements
    • H02J7/64—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries including safety or protection arrangements against overvoltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/60—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries including safety or protection arrangements
    • H02J7/65—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries including safety or protection arrangements against overtemperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/60—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries including safety or protection arrangements
    • H02J7/663—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries including safety or protection arrangements using battery or load disconnect circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/70—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by the mechanical construction

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of mobile terminals with battery charging, such as mobile phones and data cards, and more particularly to a mobile terminal charger.
  • the data line or charger is slightly short-circuited inside the plug, and the micro-short circuit cannot reach the short-circuit protection condition of the charger, causing the charger to continuously output power, and the data plug is converted into heat, which eventually causes the data line or the charger plug or the mobile phone interface to be heated and melted.
  • smoking, fire, etc. existing mobile phone terminals in the market
  • the probability of this problem and the impact of this problem It is also getting more and more serious, so it will become more and more urgent to solve such problems.
  • the security of the terminal product charger on the market only performs some safety detection and protection on the battery part and the mobile phone part.
  • the temperature identification circuit for the battery protection board is only the temperature added on the battery protection board.
  • the identification circuit can only solve the problem of abnormal heating of the battery.
  • the temperature protection of the charger and terminal interface parts has not been implemented, but market problems have generally occurred, and some high-end customers have also proposed the safety protection requirements.
  • the current terminal battery capacity and charger power are still relatively small, and the future will be wide with large-capacity batteries and high-power chargers. In general, the problem will be more prominent.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a mobile terminal charger to solve the problem of safety of a connector that is connected to a charger output terminal after a micro short circuit occurs during charging of the mobile phone.
  • the embodiment of the invention discloses a mobile terminal charger, comprising: a thermistor and a charger output protection circuit, wherein:
  • the thermistor is arranged to be mounted on the connector head, connected to the charger circuit through a charger direct current (DC) cable, and the resistor in the charger constitutes a charger loop resistance;
  • DC direct current
  • the charger output protection circuit is configured to turn off or reduce the output power of the charger when the charger loop resistance is less than the overcurrent protection threshold.
  • the mobile terminal charger further includes a voltage stabilizing circuit, wherein: the voltage stabilizing circuit is configured to reduce the output power of the charger when the charger loop resistance is greater than the voltage regulator resistance threshold.
  • the thermistor uses a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) resistor in series with the resistor in the charger.
  • PTC positive temperature coefficient
  • the thermistor uses a negative temperature coefficient (NTC) resistor in parallel with the resistor in the charger.
  • NTC negative temperature coefficient
  • the charger output protection circuit includes at least a short circuit protection circuit, an overcurrent protection circuit, and an overvoltage protection circuit.
  • the thermistor is mounted on a printed circuit board (PCB) connected to the connector head.
  • PCB printed circuit board
  • the thermistor is a thermistor on which the plug wave is soldered on the PCB.
  • the thermistor is a thermistor whose chip resistor is reflow soldered on the PCB.
  • the thermistor is a thermistor directly embedded in the PCB board.
  • the thermistor is a thermistor made of a RC material.
  • the thermistor is installed on the connector head.
  • the temperature rises, the resistance value of the thermistor PTC or the NTC resistor changes, and the resistance of the charger loop resistance also changes, when the loop resistance reaches
  • the charger turns off the output and the temperature drops, thus protecting the charger or data line head from damage.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a mobile terminal charger according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a mobile terminal charger according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a charger according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a graph showing a CR output of a circuit power supply according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a flow chart of charging temperature protection according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a mobile terminal charger, as shown in FIG. 1, which includes at least a thermistor 11 and a charger output protection circuit 12, wherein:
  • the thermistor 11 mounted on the connector head is connected to the charger circuit through a charger direct current (DC) cable, and the charger resistor constitutes a charger loop resistance;
  • DC direct current
  • the charger output protection circuit 12 when the charger loop resistance is less than the overcurrent protection threshold, Break or reduce the output power of the charger.
  • the thermistor can be connected to a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) resistor, or a negative temperature coefficient (NTC) resistor, or a combination of a PTC and NTC resistor.
  • PTC positive temperature coefficient
  • NTC negative temperature coefficient
  • the charger output protection circuit may include a short circuit protection circuit, an over current protection circuit, and an overvoltage protection circuit.
  • the charger further includes a printed circuit board (PCB) connected to the connector head, and the thermistor can be mounted on the PCB.
  • PCB printed circuit board
  • the thermistor can be a thermistor with the plug wave soldered to the PCB. Or a thermistor with a chip resistor reflow soldered to the PCB. It can also be a thermistor directly embedded in the PCB. Or a thermistor made of a resistive material.
  • the mobile terminal charger may include: an AC-DC module (102), a DC-DC module (103), a rectification filter (104), an output DC cable (105), a voltage stabilization circuit (106), and a pulse.
  • a width modulation (PWM) control (IC) module (107), a charger output protection circuit including a short circuit protection circuit (108), an overcurrent protection circuit (109), an overvoltage protection circuit (110), etc., a connector and Thermistor (101).
  • the AC-DC module (102) mainly performs electromagnetic interference (EMI) input filtering (102A) and input rectification filtering (102B) to convert mains alternating current into direct current and remove noise and interference in the power grid.
  • EMI electromagnetic interference
  • 102A input filtering
  • 102B input rectification filtering
  • the DC-DC module (103) is mainly composed of a power conversion circuit (103a) and a high-frequency transformer (103b), and controls the output voltage and current by controlling the switching frequency of the switching tube to adjust the output voltage duty ratio.
  • the PTC (101a) or the NTC (101b) is incorporated, or both devices are implanted for better safety. Therefore, the heat of the connector head can be detected.
  • the resistance value of the thermistor also changes with the temperature rise, and the changed resistance causes the charger loop resistance to reach the preset charger.
  • the output power of the charger can be turned off or reduced.
  • a charger or data line output cable (201) ie, an output DC cable
  • a charger or data line output connector terminal (202) ie, the connector head
  • the connector is shielded a case (203), a connector shield back case (204), a PCB (205) connected to the connector terminal (202) (the above charger output protection circuit is integrated on the PCB), a thermistor PTC or NTC (206) Installed on the PCB (205), the other end of the PCB is connected to the corresponding node of the output cable (201), and the connector shielding case (203), (204) wraps the rear of the PCB and the connector terminal (202), and the connector is shielded.
  • the inner mold (207) and the outer mold (shell) (208) are respectively installed on the outer side of the outer casing.
  • the connector head terminal (202) When an abnormality occurs, when the connector head terminal (202) is slightly short-circuited, heat is generated at the terminal portion of the connector, and heat is transferred to the thermistor (206) through the connector shielding casings (203) and (204). After the resistance is sensed to the temperature change, the resistance value of the thermistor changes. The loop resistance of the charger changes according to the resistance value of the connected thermistor. According to the loop resistance output control circuit, the output power is reduced or turned off. , the temperature is lowered.
  • circuit power output CR curve of the above mobile terminal charger shown in FIG. From the characteristics of the CR curve of different power charger outputs in Figure 3, it can be seen that when the output applied resistance is less than 2 ohms or more than 200 ohms, the charger output power is approximately 0W.
  • the normal PTC resistance is 10 milliohms, and the NTC resistance is 1000 ohms, so the normal operation of the charger is not affected after implantation.
  • the charger output is slightly short-circuited (such as the direct resistance of the power supply and ground is greater than 2 ohms and less than 20 ohms), it can be seen from the corresponding CR curve that the charger does not reach the short-circuit protection start condition, and the charger continuously outputs high power, the charger.
  • the output connector head continues to heat up. When the heat reaches 80-100 degrees, the PTC resistance suddenly increases, and the NTC resistance decreases to nearly zero.
  • the charger loop resistance increases.
  • the charger output current is gradually reduced, and the charger output power is reduced. Therefore, the heat generation on the connector is reduced, and when the temperature is gradually increased, the resistance is very large, and the charger output power is close to zero.
  • the thermistor When the thermistor is implemented in an NTC resistor, the NTC resistance decreases as the connector head temperature rises, and the corresponding charger input power and ground resistance decrease, when reduced to less than 2 ohms or close to zero.
  • the charger overcurrent protection circuit (109) starts, and the corresponding CR curve shows that the charger output power drops to zero.
  • Corresponding overcurrent protection The working process is: The output current of the charger is refracted to the primary through the transformer, and the primary current also starts to increase; this current starts to trigger in the internal logic circuit of the PWM IC module (107), and the switching frequency is lowered.
  • the thermistor senses the temperature normally, so the resistance of the thermistor is normal, the charger can output normally, and the terminal can be charged normally.
  • the charging connector interface enters the liquid conductive metal powder, etc., the charging connector interface is slightly short-circuited, and the micro short-circuit charger short-circuit protection cannot be started, the charger continues to output power and is converted into heat at the charging connector head.
  • the resistance value of the thermistor installed in the connector head increases with temperature. According to the analysis of the charger CR curve in Figure 3, the change of the thermistor can change the loop resistance of the charger, thus achieving the protection condition and the charger starting protection. , turn off the output to avoid an increase in connector head temperature while avoiding safety issues.
  • the threshold of the charger output protection circuit is opened by the change of the resistance value of the thermistor installed at the plug part, and the power of the charger is decreased or the output is turned off.
  • the temperature is lowered to protect the charger or data line head from damage.
  • the security problem is solved, and the cost is low, and the implementation is simple and reliable.
  • the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention installs a thermistor on the connector head.
  • the temperature rises, and the resistance value of the thermistor PTC or the NTC resistor changes, thereby affecting the resistance of the charger circuit resistance.
  • Change when the loop resistance reaches the overcurrent or short-circuit protection threshold of the charger, the charger turns off the output and the temperature drops, thereby protecting the charger or the data line head from damage.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Protection Of Static Devices (AREA)

Abstract

一种移动终端充电器，涉及手机和数据卡等带电池充电的移动终端领域。所述移动终端充电器包括：热敏电阻和充电器输出保护电路，其中：安装在连接器头部的热敏电阻通过充电器DC线缆接入充电器电路，与充电器中的电阻构成充电器回路电阻；充电器输出保护电路，在所述充电器回路电阻小于过流保护门限值时，关断或降低所述充电器的输出功率。

Description

一种移动终端充电器
技术领域
本发明涉及手机和数据卡等带电池充电的移动终端领域， 尤其涉及一种 移动终端充电器。
背景技术
随着移动终端技术的发展， 用户需求的功能越来越多， 屏幕尺寸越来越 大， 终端的电池容量需求也越来越大， 因此所需要给手机充电的充电器功率 越来越大， 在这种大电流的充电过程中不少终端用户都遇到了充电器输出端 子的连接器在手机充电时发生微短路后烧融的安全问题， 特别是目前全球推 荐通用的微型通用串行总线（ Micro Universal Serial Bus, Micro USB )型连接 器， 由于结构尺寸限制， 用户在使用过程中， 异物进入， 插头插座斜向插拔 破损， 插头用力过大弯折折断， 形成大量导电液体和金属粉末， 造成数据线 或充电器在插头内部微短路， 微短路无法达到充电器短路保护条件， 导致充 电器持续输出功率， 在数据线插头转化形成热量， 最终导致数据线或充电器 插头或手机接口受热熔化、 冒烟、 起火等， 在市场上现有品牌的手机终端都 有出现过类似问题， 这个问题使得用户对手机的使用安全担忧， 严重的对用 户的人身和财产造成损坏， 而且在日本和欧美等高端市场对此类电气产品安 全问题规范比较严格， 此类问题属于产品安全性事件， 甚至在国家法律上有 要求， 故障达到一定级别将面临产品的全部召回和严厉处罚， 随着未来终端 产品电池容量越来越大， 出现此问题的几率和此问题的影响也越来越严重， 因此对此类问题解决将越来越迫切。
目前市场上的终端产品充电器安全性仅仅对电池部分， 和手机部分做一 些安全性检测和防护， 如， 201010596579.4 中， 用于电池保护板的温度识别 电路仅仅是在电池保护板上增加的温度识别电路， 只能解决电池充电异常发 热问题。 而对于充电器和终端接口部分的温度保护都还未实施， 但市场问题 却普遍发生， 一些高端客户也提出了该安全性保护的要求。 一方面目前终端 电池容量和充电器功率还比较小， 未来随着大容量电池和大功率充电器的广 泛应用， 该问题的发生将更加突出。
发明内容
本发明实施例提供一种移动终端充电器， 以解决充电器输出端子的连接 器在手机充电时发生微短路后烧融的安全问题。 本发明实施例公开了一种移动终端充电器， 包括： 热敏电阻和充电器输 出保护电路， 其中：
所述热敏电阻设置成， 安装在连接器头部， 通过充电器直流（DC )线缆 接入充电器电路， 与充电器中的电阻构成充电器回路电阻； 以及
所述充电器输出保护电路设置成， 在所述充电器回路电阻小于过流保护 门限值时， 关断或降低所述充电器的输出功率。
可选地、 上述移动终端充电器还包括稳压电路， 其中： 所述稳压电路设 置成， 在所述充电器回路电阻大于稳压电阻保护门限值时， 降低充电器的输 出功率。
可选地、 上述移动终端充电器中， 所述热敏电阻釆用正温度系数（PTC ) 电阻， 与充电器中的电阻串联。
可选地、 上述移动终端充电器中， 所述热敏电阻釆用负温度系数（NTC ) 电阻， 与充电器中的电阻并联。
可选地、 上述移动终端充电器中， 所述充电器输出保护电路至少包括短 路保护电路、 过流保护电路以及过压保护电路。
可选地、 上述移动终端充电器中， 所述热敏电阻安装在与连接器头部相 连的印刷电路板 ( PCB )上。
可选地、 上述移动终端充电器中， 热敏电阻为插件波峰焊接在所述 PCB 上的热敏电阻。
可选地、 上述移动终端充电器中， 所述热敏电阻为贴片电阻回流焊接在 所述 PCB上的热敏电阻。
可选地、 上述移动终端充电器中， 所述热敏电阻为直接埋入 PCB板的热 敏电阻。 可选地、 上述移动终端充电器中， 所述热敏电阻为阻容材料制作的热敏 电阻。
本发明实施例在连接器头部安装热敏电阻， 当异常出现时， 温度上升， 热敏电阻 PTC或 NTC电阻的阻值变化， 进而影响充电器回路电阻的阻值也 变化， 当回路电阻达到充电器的过流或短路保护门限时， 充电器关断输出， 温度下降， 从而保护充电器或数据线头部不受损坏。
附图概述
图 1为本发明实施例中移动终端充电器的结构示意图；
图 2为本发明实施例中移动终端充电器的原理构架图；
图 3为本发明实施例的充电器的实际结构示意图；
图 4为本发明实施例中电路电源输出 CR曲线图；
图 5为本发明实施例的充电温度保护流程图。
本发明的较佳实施方式
下文将结合附图对本发明实施例的技术方案作详细说明。需要说明的是， 在不冲突的情况下， 本申请的实施例和实施例中的特征可以任意相互组合。
实施例 1
微短路发生后是否可以从设计上进行保护， 切断电源回路， 避免发热。 从充电器内部控制看已无方案， 从连接器头内部引入温度检测到充电器内部 进行控制， 线过长， 温度检测不准确， 成本高。 因此， 本发明实施例提出一 种移动终端充电器， 如图 1所示， 其至少包括热敏电阻 11和充电器输出保护 电路 12, 其中：
安装在连接器头部的热敏电阻 11通过充电器直流（DC )线缆接入充电 器电路， 与充电器电阻构成充电器回路电阻；
充电器输出保护电路 12, 在充电器回路电阻小于过流保护门限值时， 关 断或降低充电器的输出功率。
较佳地， 热敏电阻可釆用串入正温度系数（PTC ) 电阻， 或釆用并入负 温度系数（NTC ) 电阻， 或釆用 PTC和 NTC电阻的组合方式。
而充电器输出保护电路则可能包括短路保护电路、 过流保护电路以及过 压保护电路等。
另外， 上述充电器还包括与连接器头部相连的印刷电路板（PCB ) ， 热 敏电阻即可安装在此 PCB上。
需要说明的是， 在 PCB上安装热敏电阻的方式有多种， 如釆用插件波峰 焊、 贴片电阻回流焊接或者 "埋阻" 的方式。 其中， "埋阻" 的方式又分为 两种， 一种是直接埋入热敏电阻， 另一种是用阻容材料制作的"热敏电阻"， 本发明实施例并不限制热敏电阻的安装方式。 即热敏电阻可以是插件波峰焊 接在 PCB上的热敏电阻。 或者是贴片电阻回流焊接在 PCB上的热敏电阻。 还可以是直接埋入 PCB板的热敏电阻。 又或者是阻容材料制作的热敏电阻。
较佳地， 上述移动终端充电器可以包括： AC-DC模块（102 ) , DC-DC 模块（ 103 ) , 整流滤波（ 104 ) , 输出 DC线缆（ 105 ) , 稳压电路（ 106 ) , 脉冲宽度调变 （PWM )控制 （IC )模块（107 ) , 充电器输出保护电路， 其 包括短路保护电路（ 108 ) , 过流保护电路（ 109 ) , 过压保护电路（ 110 )等， 连接器及热敏电阻（101 ) 。 此时， 移动终端充电器的原理构架如图 2所示。
其中， AC-DC模块（102 )主要电磁干扰（EMI )输入滤波（102A )和 输入整流滤波（ 102B ) , 实现市电交流电转换为直流电并去除电网中噪声和 干扰。
DC-DC模块（103 )主要由功率变换电路（103a )和高频变压器（103b ) 组成， 通过控制开关管的开关频率调整输出电压占空比， 从而控制输出电压 和电流。
热敏电阻 （101 ) , 通过在充电器或数据线的连接器头部串入热敏电阻
PTC ( 101a )或并入 NTC ( 101b ) , 或为达到更好的安全效果同时植入两种 器件。 从而可以检测连接器头部的热量， 当检测到连接器头部的温度上升， 热敏电阻的阻值也随着温度的上升而变化， 变化的电阻使得充电器回路电阻 达到预设的充电器保护门限值时， 关断或降低充电器的输出功率即可。 下面再以图 2为例介绍上述移动终端充电温度保护装置的实际结构示意 图。 其包括： 充电器或数据线输出线缆（201 ) (即为输出 DC线缆） ， 充电 器或数据线输出连接器端子（202 ) (即为所述连接器头部）， 连接器屏蔽前 壳（ 203 ) , 连接器屏蔽后壳（ 204 ) , 与连接器端子（ 202 )相连的 PCB ( 205 ) (该 PCB上集成有上述充电器输出保护电路 ) ,热敏电阻 PTC或 NTC ( 206 ) 安装在 PCB ( 205 )上， PCB另外一端与输出线缆（201 )对应节点连接， 连 接器屏蔽外壳 （203 ) 、 ( 204 ) 包裹住 PCB和连接器端子 （202 ) 的后部， 连接器屏蔽外壳外边分别再安装内模（207 ) , 外模（壳） （208 ) 。
当异常发生， 在连接器头部端子（202 )发生微短路时， 连接器端子部位 产生热量， 热量通过连接器屏蔽外壳 ( 203 )和 ( 204 )传递到热敏电阻 ( 206 ) 上， 热敏电阻感应到温度变化后， 热敏电阻的阻值发生变化， 充电器的回路 电阻根据连接的热敏电阻的阻值的变化而变化， 根据回路电阻输出控制电路 产生动作， 输出功率降低或关断， 温度降低。
较佳地， 可参见图 3所示的上述移动终端充电器的电路电源输出 CR曲 线。 从图 3中不同功率充电器输出 CR曲线的特性可以看出， 当输出外加电 阻小于 2欧姆或大于 200欧姆以上时，充电器输出功率基本接近为 0W。正常 PTC电阻为 10毫欧， NTC电阻为千欧级， 所以植入后不影响充电器正常工 作。 当充电器输出发生微短路（比如电源和地直接电阻大于 2欧姆小于 20欧 姆） 时， 从对应 CR曲线可以看出， 达不到充电器短路保护启动条件， 充电 器持续输出大功率， 充电器输出连接器头部持续发热， 当发热达到 80-100度 时， PTC电阻突然增大， NTC电阻减小接近为 0。
当热敏电阻釆用串入 PTC电阻的实现方式时， 随着 PTC电阻的增大，充 电器回路电阻也增大， 对应 CR曲线看出充电器输出电流逐渐减小， 充电器 输出功率减小， 从而在连接器上的发热减小， 当温度逐渐升高电阻非常大， 充电器输出功率接近为 0。
当热敏电阻釆用并入 NTC电阻的实现方式时， 当连接器头部温度上升时 NTC电阻减小， 相应充电器输入电源和地电阻减小， 当减小到小于 2欧姆或 接近与 0 时， 充电器输出电流超出额定工作电流后， 充电器过流保护电路 ( 109 )启动， 对应 CR曲线看出充电器输出功率下降为 0。 相应的过流保护 工作过程是： 充电器输出电流经过变压器匝比折射到初级， 初级的电流也开 始增大； 此电流在 PWM IC模块（107 )内部逻辑电路开始触发， 将开关频率 降低， 此时导通时间不变， 说明占空比变小， 输出能量降低， 输出电压下降， 相应 PWM IC模块（107 )的供电电压也开始下降， 当低于一定范围内， 充电 器过流保护电路将打开保护模式， 实现过流保护功能。
下面再结合图 4介绍上述装置实现充电温度保护的过程。
从图 4中看出， 当用户正常使用时， 充电连接器接口无微短路发生时， 热敏电阻感应温度正常， 故热敏电阻的阻值正常， 充电器可正常输出， 终端 可正常充电。 当用户使用异常， 充电连接器接口进入液体导电性金属粉末等， 发生充电连接器接口微短路， 微短路充电器短路保护无法启动， 则充电器持 续输出功率， 在充电连接器头部转换成热量， 安装在连接器头部热敏电阻的 阻值随温度升高， 根据图 3充电器 CR曲线分析， 热敏电阻的变化可使充电 器的回路电阻变化， 从而达到保护条件， 充电器启动保护， 关闭输出， 从而 避免连接器头部温度升高， 同时避免安全性问题发生。
从上述实施例可以看出， 本申请发明实施例技术方案在异常出现时， 通 过安装在插头部位热敏电阻的阻值变化使充电器输出保护电路门限打开， 充 电器功率下降或关断输出， 使温度下降， 从而保护充电器或数据线头部不受 损坏。 解决了安全性问题， 而且成本低， 实现简单可靠。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解上述方法中的全部或部分步骤可通过程序 来指令相关硬件完成， 所述程序可以存储于计算机可读存储介质中， 如只读 存储器、 磁盘或光盘等。 可选地， 上述实施例的全部或部分步骤也可以使用 一个或多个集成电路来实现。 相应地， 上述实施例中的各模块 /单元可以釆用 硬件的形式实现， 也可以釆用软件功能模块的形式实现。 本申请不限制于任 何特定形式的硬件和软件的结合。
以上所述， 仅为本发明的较佳实例而已， 并非用于限定本发明的保护范 围。 凡在本发明的精神和原则之内， 所做的任何修改、 等同替换、 改进等， 均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
工业实用性 本发明实施例的技术方案在连接器头部安装热敏电阻， 当异常出现时， 温度上升， 热敏电阻 PTC或 NTC电阻的阻值变化， 进而影响充电器回路电 阻的阻值也变化， 当回路电阻达到充电器的过流或短路保护门限时， 充电器 关断输出， 温度下降， 从而保护充电器或数据线头部不受损坏。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种移动终端充电器， 包括： 热敏电阻和充电器输出保护电路，其中： 所述热敏电阻设置成， 安装在连接器头部， 通过充电器直流（DC )线缆 接入充电器电路， 与充电器中的电阻构成充电器回路电阻； 以及
所述充电器输出保护电路设置成， 在所述充电器回路电阻小于过流保护 门限值时， 关断或降低所述充电器的输出功率。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的移动终端充电器， 还包括： 稳压电路， 其中： 所述稳压电路设置成， 在所述充电器回路电阻大于稳压电阻保护门限值 时， 降低充电器的输出功率。
3、 如权利要求 1或 2所述的移动终端充电器， 其中，
所述热敏电阻釆用正温度系数（PTC ) 电阻， 与充电器中的电阻串联。
4、 如权利要求 1或 2所述的移动终端充电器， 其中，
所述热敏电阻釆用负温度系数（NTC ) 电阻， 与充电器中的电阻并联。
5、 如权利要求 1或 2所述的移动终端充电器， 其中，
所述充电器输出保护电路包括短路保护电路、 过流保护电路以及过压保 护电路。
6、 如权利要求 1或 2所述的移动终端充电器， 其中， 所述热敏电阻安装 在与连接器头部相连的印刷电路板 ( PCB )上。
7、 如权利要求 6所述的移动终端充电器， 其中，
所述热敏电阻为插件波峰焊接在所述 PCB上的热敏电阻。
8、 如权利要求 6所述的移动终端充电器， 其中，
所述热敏电阻为贴片电阻回流焊接在所述 PCB上的热敏电阻。
9、 如权利要求 6所述的移动终端充电器， 其中，
所述热敏电阻为直接埋入 PCB板的热敏电阻。
10、 如权利要求 6所述的移动终端充电器,
所述热敏电阻为阻容材料制作的热敏电阻。
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EP3021449A4 (en) 2016-07-06
KR101783161B1 (ko) 2017-09-28
KR20160032167A (ko) 2016-03-23
CN203491732U (zh) 2014-03-19
JP2016527872A (ja) 2016-09-08
EP3021449B1 (en) 2021-05-05
US10164449B2 (en) 2018-12-25
JP6188945B2 (ja) 2017-08-30
US20160197500A1 (en) 2016-07-07

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