WO2014169452A1 - 锁止装置、运载工具安全带调节装置以及运载工具安全带 - Google Patents

锁止装置、运载工具安全带调节装置以及运载工具安全带 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014169452A1
WO2014169452A1 PCT/CN2013/074327 CN2013074327W WO2014169452A1 WO 2014169452 A1 WO2014169452 A1 WO 2014169452A1 CN 2013074327 W CN2013074327 W CN 2013074327W WO 2014169452 A1 WO2014169452 A1 WO 2014169452A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
roller shaft
webbing
adjustment device
pawl
swing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2013/074327
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
孙寅贵
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to CA2909549A priority Critical patent/CA2909549C/en
Priority to EP13882549.2A priority patent/EP2987687A4/en
Priority to RU2015148994A priority patent/RU2622525C2/ru
Priority to JP2016507966A priority patent/JP6186497B2/ja
Priority to BR112015026322A priority patent/BR112015026322A2/pt
Priority to KR1020157032781A priority patent/KR101766480B1/ko
Priority to CN201380075712.3A priority patent/CN105121235B/zh
Priority to US14/785,126 priority patent/US9821760B2/en
Priority to PCT/CN2013/074327 priority patent/WO2014169452A1/zh
Publication of WO2014169452A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014169452A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R22/00—Safety belts or body harnesses in vehicles
    • B60R22/18—Anchoring devices
    • B60R22/185—Anchoring devices with stopping means for acting directly upon the belt in an emergency, e.g. by clamping or friction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R22/00—Safety belts or body harnesses in vehicles
    • B60R22/18—Anchoring devices
    • B60R22/185—Anchoring devices with stopping means for acting directly upon the belt in an emergency, e.g. by clamping or friction
    • B60R22/1855—Anchoring devices with stopping means for acting directly upon the belt in an emergency, e.g. by clamping or friction the means being sensitive to belt tension
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R22/00—Safety belts or body harnesses in vehicles
    • B60R22/34—Belt retractors, e.g. reels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R22/00—Safety belts or body harnesses in vehicles
    • B60R22/34—Belt retractors, e.g. reels
    • B60R22/36—Belt retractors, e.g. reels self-locking in an emergency
    • B60R22/42—Belt retractors, e.g. reels self-locking in an emergency having means for acting directly upon the belt, e.g. by clamping or friction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R22/00—Safety belts or body harnesses in vehicles
    • B60R22/34—Belt retractors, e.g. reels
    • B60R2022/3402—Retractor casings; Mounting thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R22/00—Safety belts or body harnesses in vehicles
    • B60R22/34—Belt retractors, e.g. reels
    • B60R2022/3421—Belt retractors, e.g. reels with means for locking the belt reel in a non-use position, e.g. for seat mounted retractor when the seat is in a non-locked condition

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a locking device, a vehicle seat belt adjusting device, and a vehicle seat belt. Background technique
  • a seat belt such as a vehicle such as a motor vehicle is a widely-received accessory, and it is important to control the movement of the webbing of the seat belt. Since the seat belt has a problem of pressure on the user, more than 4 people do not like the seat belt, and even if they can wear the seat belt, they do not wear the seat belt. What's more, in order to cope with the mandatory inspection of the seat belts, some people use the method of forcibly changing some functions of the seat belt to loosely tie the webbing to the body. For example, the rigid object of the webbing cannot be returned to the body of the motor vehicle. Pumping to make the body feel no pressure, this approach brings hidden dangers to the protection of the seat belt.
  • the applicant discloses an adjustment device for a vehicle seat belt in the PCT application WO 2012/026062.
  • the adjusting device comprises a pair of supporting pendulum rods and an actuator composed of a first pendulum rod and a second pendulum rod, the adjacent ends of the first and second pendulum rods are hinged together and form a pendulum angle, One non-adjacent end of the first and second swing rods is fixed, and the other non-adjacent end is movable due to a change in the angle of the swing rod, and the actuator is directed to the first swing rod and/or the second swing rod And/or the pendulum hinge point applies a force to change the angle of the pendulum so as to apply a varying magnitude of force directly to the webbing of the seat belt through a movable non-adjacent end.
  • the adjusting device may be designed to provide a full supporting force to vertically act on the webbing when the first rocker and the second swinging rod are in a state of 180 degree vertical alignment, thereby locking Ribbon to prevent it from moving.
  • the actuator is in particular an inertial weight.
  • One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a chain, strip or belt for controlling movement.
  • the locking device of the object is to provide a chain, strip or belt for controlling movement.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a locking device capable of quickly releasing a roller shaft having ratchet teeth.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a locking device for a vehicle seat belt, which can realize a "zero pressure" of the seat belt, and is flexible and reliable to operate, and the operation cylinder is simple and convenient.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a vehicle seat belt which has a "zero pressure” and is flexible and reliable to operate, and is easy to operate.
  • the present invention provides a locking device for controlling a movable chain, strip or belt-like object comprising: a support frame for mounting; a roller shaft with a friction surface or with a spur groove,
  • the roller shaft has a ratchet tooth, and the roller shaft has a friction surface or a spur groove in at least a portion of the length in the axial direction, the roller shaft is rotatable about its axis, and is fixedly coupled to the struts, and the struts are One end is pivotally coupled to the support frame; a pawl disposed above the roller shaft and pivotable about one end; and a pressurizing body opposite the transverse direction of the roller shaft, A nip for the passage of the chain, strip or belt-like object is formed between the roller shaft and the pressing body, the pressing body being movable to apply a force to the chain, the strip or the belt-like object.
  • roller shaft is free to rotate when the roller shaft is in an intermediate state free from the pressure of the pressing body and the object; when the chain, the strip or the belt-like object moves downward and the pressurization When the body presses against the chain, the strip or the belt body to press the roller shaft, the roller shaft pivots downward together with the strut until the chain is disposed on the support frame , the strip or the strip-like object is clamped to lock it; and when the chain, strip or strip-like object moves upward and the pressurizing body releases the chain, strip or strip-like object, the roller shaft Pivoting upward with the strut until the ratchet of the roller shaft abuts the pawl, and when the chain, strip or ribbon object changes direction downwards, the pawl The ratcheting of the roller shaft prevents the roller shaft from rotating and further disengages from the ratchet teeth of the roller shaft as the roller pivots downwardly.
  • the end of the pressing body opposite to the roller shaft is curved to assist the roller shaft to perform an upward or downward pivoting and locking action.
  • the pawl is provided with an elastic member that applies a downward pre-pressure to the pawl.
  • the roller mechanism as described above, the locking device of the present invention is extremely flexible in switching between various states, thereby enabling movement of chains, strips or belt-like objects that pass through the nip in the vertical direction. Perform excellent performance control.
  • the invention also provides a locking device for controlling the rotation of the roller shaft, comprising: a roller shaft, the roller The shaft has a ratchet that is rotatable about an axis; and a pawl including a connecting portion and a locking portion, one end of the connecting portion being pivotally fixed, and the other end being hinged to an end of the locking portion, The other end of the locking portion is for engaging with the ratchet to lock the roller shaft; and an actuator, when the pawl is required to release the roller shaft so that the roller shaft can be rotated, The pawl is manually or automatically rapidly bent at the hinge point to quickly disengage the pawl from the roller shaft.
  • the roller shaft is used to wind and release a flexible chain, strip or belt-like object, when the roller shaft is required to be rotated to wind up or!
  • the actuator manually or automatically rapidly bends the pawl at the hinge point to quickly disengage the pawl from the roller shaft .
  • the locking device enables a quick release of the roller shaft with ratchet teeth, which is of great importance for devices requiring quick unlocking of the pawl.
  • the present invention also provides an adjustment device for a vehicle seat belt, the adjustment device comprising: a support frame for mounting; a roller shaft having a friction surface, the roller shaft having a ratchet, and the roller shaft edge At least a portion of the axial length has a frictional surface, the roller shaft is rotatable about its axis, and is fixedly coupled to the strut, and one end of the strut is pivotally coupled to the support frame; the pawl is disposed Above the roller shaft; a pressing body comprising a pair of supporting pendulums composed of a first pendulum rod and a second pendulum rod, the adjacent ends of the first and second pendulum rods are hinged together and formed a pendulum angle, one non-adjacent end of the first and second swing bars is fixed, and the other non-adjacent end is movable due to a change in the angle of the swing bar, the other adjacent An end portion is opposed to the roller shaft in a lateral direction, a nip
  • the other non-adjacent end minimizes the nip and applies pressure to the webbing, thereby clamping the The webbing locks it, and when the angle of the swing rod is changed by an actuator under a small signal force, the other non-adjacent end can release the webbing.
  • roller shaft is free to rotate when the roller shaft is in an intermediate state free from the pressure of the pressing body and the webbing; when the webbing is moved downward by the retractor and the other non- When the adjacent end portions press the webbing to press the roller shaft, the roller shaft pivots downward together with the strut until the webbing provided on the support frame is clamped Locking; and moving upward when the webbing is twitched and the other non-adjacent end When the webbing is loosened, the roller shaft pivots upward together with the strut until the ratchet teeth of the roller shaft abut against the pivotable pawl disposed above the roller shaft, and When the webbing is moved downward by the action of the retractor, the pawl engages with the ratchet of the roller shaft to prevent the roller shaft from rotating, and further rotates with the roller axially downward. Engaged from engagement with the ratchet of the roller shaft.
  • the actuator is an inertia weight mounted on a first swing link and/or a second swing link and/or a swing link hinge point, in particular, the inertia weight is a disc-shaped object, Specifically, the inertia weight is free to rotate about a mounting shaft located at its center.
  • the locking device further includes a trigger for triggering the actuator, the trigger causing the first and second swing bars to be offset by 180 degrees to be in an unbalanced state.
  • the trigger comprises a link-like structure and an elastic member, one end of the link-like structure is pivotally fixed to the support frame, and the other end is supported by the webbing, the elastic member making the other end Having a pre-stress on the webbing, and the link-like structure further includes a protrusion protruding toward the inertia weight, the protrusion being capable of pivoting at the link structure at the link structure Pushing the inertia weight to a certain extent, unbalancing the inertia weight, the projection preferably pushing the circumferential portion of the inertia weight radially, preferably the projection can be in the seat belt Having the user feel only a pressure between 0 and 0.1 pounds does not push the inertial weight to an unbalanced state.
  • the end of the other non-adjacent end opposite the roller shaft is curved to assist the roller shaft to complete upward or downward pivoting and locking action.
  • the pawl is provided with an elastic member that applies a downward pre-pressure to the pawl.
  • the adjusting device further comprises a slit for guiding the webbing, the slit being spaced apart from the nip and located above the nip, such that the webbing is along the slit and the The path movement between the nips.
  • the main plane of the pressing body including the first pendulum and the second pendulum is at an angle of between 10 and 80 degrees with respect to a horizontal plane, in particular 60 degrees, 65 degrees, 70 degrees or 75 degrees
  • the other non-adjacent end is adjacent to the roller shaft such that the nip becomes progressively smaller as the first and second pendulum bars tend toward 180 degrees.
  • the pressurizing body further comprises a substantially rectangular rocker carriage, a pressure block and a cross bar
  • the substantially rectangular rocker carriage comprising two substantially parallel longitudinal walls, at the upper ends of the longitudinal walls Having an oblong hole, the one non-adjacent end of the first and second swing bars being pivotally coupled to the crossbar, the other non-adjacent end pivotally connecting the a transverse wall of the swing bar carriage on a side opposite to the oblong hole, the pressure block being pivotally coupled to the transverse wall to form the nip with the roller shaft, two of the crossbar
  • the ends are respectively fixed to the support frame through the oblong holes, And when the angle between the first pendulum and the second pendulum changes, the pendulum bar moves along the oblong hole with the pressing block.
  • the pressing body further includes An elastic member disposed on the swing rod carriage to urge the first swing rod and the second swing rod to return to a 180 degree equilibrium state.
  • the pressurizing body further comprises a slideway mounted on the support frame, the lower end of which is at an angle of between 16 and 40 degrees with respect to the main plane thereof, preferably 30 degrees, correspondingly
  • the rear side of the pressure block and the main plane of the pendulum carriage and the member formed by the pressure block are also at an angle equal to the angle, and the rear side of the pressure block is supported to slide on the lower end of the slide.
  • the pressing body further includes a stopping portion disposed at a hinge point for stopping the hinge point when the first swinging lever and the second swinging lever return to a 180-degree equilibrium state, so that The hinges of the first pendulum and the second pendulum have a certain degree of over-support.
  • the first pendulum and the second pendulum are mounted obliquely with respect to the two substantially parallel longitudinal walls.
  • the adjusting device further comprises an elastic compression member disposed at a lock body fixed to the seat side of the seat belt or as a part of the lock tongue of the seat belt, so that the user is wearing the seat belt After the locking tongue is fastened with the locking body, the locking body and the locking tongue can be compressed downward by 10-60 mm by compressing the elastic compression member, and then the elastic compression member can be reset.
  • the elastic compression member comprises a housing, a spring and a connecting rod
  • the spring is received in the housing, and one end of the connecting rod is fixedly connected with the lock body or the bolt, the connecting rod A portion is received in the housing through a hole in the housing, and the link is coupled to the spring to be compressed downward.
  • the elastic compression member further includes a damping elastic member so that the elastic compression member can be dampedly elongated in the case where the webbing of the seat belt is subjected to a large pulling force.
  • the housing is closed and only the aperture is vented to the outside so that the link can only be slowly reset after being compressed downward.
  • the strut has a tail stop sealed with an inner wall of the casing by a sealing device, the tail stop abutting the spring, and an outer diameter of the tail stop is larger than an outer diameter of the adjacent strut
  • There is also a through hole in the tail stop such that the space accommodating the spring becomes a space in which only the through hole is ventilated from the outside, so that the link can only be slowly reset after being compressed downward.
  • the safety belt further comprises a suspension member mounted on the vehicle for the webbing to pass through and support the webbing.
  • the safety belt comprises a suspension hanging on the vehicle and fixing the upper end of the seat belt to the vicinity of the shoulder of the occupant, and a recovery collection for recovering the safety belt inwardly near the lower side of the seat.
  • the adjusting device is arranged at any position between the self-suspending member and the recovery retractor, Optionally, the adjustment device is mounted directly on the upper portion of the retractor.
  • the support frame is part of a retractor such that the adjustment device is integrated in the retractor.
  • the adjusting device further comprises a retractor
  • the support frame is mounted on the retractor at the mouth of the webbing, or the support frame is an integral part of the retractor housing.
  • the adjustment device is structurally correspondingly arranged as a left adjustment device and a right adjustment device.
  • the present invention also provides a safety belt for a motor vehicle seat, comprising a retractor and the aforementioned adjustment device, the adjustment device being disposed at any position between the self-suspending member and the recovery retractor, or The mounting frame of the adjustment device is part of the retractor such that the adjustment device is integrated into the retractor.
  • the coil spring of the retractor has a variable cross section such that the coil spring has substantially the same elasticity regardless of the deformation size, so that the webbing of the webbing is subjected to the reel during being pulled or being retracted. The same force of the spring.
  • the reeds of the coil spring have equal thicknesses in the longitudinal direction, but the width is gradually reduced; or, the reeds of the coil spring have a constant width in the longitudinal direction, but the thickness is gradually reduced.
  • the adjustment device of the present invention is capable of locking the webbing with a theoretically infinite pendulum force while simultaneously unlocking lightly and automatically under the action of weak small signal forces.
  • the adjusting device and the safety belt of the present invention can finely control the withdrawal and withdrawal of the webbing, and even realize the "zero pressure" of the seat belt to the user's body. It is particularly meaningful for practical applications that the adjustment device of the present invention operates flexibly and reliably, and that the operation of the safety belt of the present invention is easy, simple, and programmed.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a first embodiment of a locking device of the present invention.
  • Figure 2A is a perspective view of the roller mechanism of the locking device of the present invention.
  • 2B, 2C and 2D are cross-sectional views taken along a section line passing through the ratchet teeth, showing the roller shaft of the roller mechanism in an intermediate state, a downward meshing state, and an upward meshing state, respectively.
  • Figure 3 is a perspective view of the roller mechanism from another angle.
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the roller shaft.
  • Figure 5 is a perspective view of the preloaded spring of the pawl.
  • Figure 6 is a perspective view of the pawl.
  • Figure 7 is a perspective view of the roller body.
  • Figure 8 is a perspective view of a roller bracket.
  • Figure 9 is a perspective view of the contact block.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic illustration of a second embodiment of the locking device of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic view of the safety belt of the present invention.
  • Figure 12 is a perspective view of an adjustment device for a vehicle seat belt of the present invention.
  • Figure 13 is an exploded view of the adjusting device shown in Figure 12.
  • Figure 14 is a cross-sectional view of the adjusting device shown in Figure 12 .
  • Figure 15 is a perspective view of the front housing assembly of the adjustment device shown in Figure 12.
  • Figure 16 is a perspective view of the rear casing assembly of the adjusting device shown in Figure 12.
  • 17 and 18 are perspective views of the pressurizing body of the adjusting device shown in Fig. 12, showing different states of the pendulum rod, respectively.
  • Figure 19 is a perspective view of the body of the crossbar of the pressurizing body of the adjusting device for suspending the swing link.
  • Figure 20 is a perspective view of the first swing lever of the pressurizing body of the adjusting device.
  • Figure 21 is a perspective view of the second swing lever of the pressurizing body of the adjusting device.
  • Figure 22 is a perspective view of the swing bar carriage of the pressurizing body of the adjusting device.
  • Figures 23 and 24 are perspective views of two different forms of slides of the pressurized body of the adjustment device, respectively.
  • Figures 25-27 are perspective views of three different forms of link-like structures for the trigger of the adjustment device, respectively.
  • Figure 28 is a cross-sectional view of the pressurizing body of the adjusting device.
  • Figures 29A, 29B and 29C are perspective views showing the manner in which three different forms of link-like structures are in contact with the inertia weight, respectively.
  • Figure 30 is a schematic exploded view of the coil spring of the retractor.
  • Figure 31 is a front elevational view of the resilient compression member.
  • Figure 32 is a cross-sectional view of the elastic compression member. detailed description
  • Fig. 1 schematically shows a first embodiment of the locking device of the invention.
  • the locking device of this embodiment is for controlling a movable chain, strip or belt-like object 71, including a roller shaft mechanism 6, a pressing body 3, and a support plate 5.
  • the roller shaft mechanism 6 is mounted on the support plate 5 to form a nip with the pressing body 3 through which the chain, strip or belt-like object 71 passes.
  • the pressing body 3 is opposed to the roller shaft in the lateral direction, and the left side thereof is away from or close to the roller shaft, and the roller shaft is pressed via the chain, the strip or the belt-like object 71, thereby locking or releasing the chain, the strip or the belt-like object 71.
  • the support plate 5 is further provided with a guide slit 51 for restricting the moving path of the chain, the strip or the belt-like object 71.
  • the roller mechanism 6 comprises: a roller shaft comprising a roller shaft body 63 and a friction surface or a spur groove 64; a pawl 62; a pawl torsion spring 61; a roller shaft rod 66; positioning piece 67; and, contact seat 65.
  • Fig. 4 shows a cross-sectional view of the roller shaft
  • Figs. 5-9 respectively show the pawl torsion spring 61, the pawl 62, the roller shaft body 63, the roller shaft strut 66, and the contact seat 65.
  • the frictional surface of the roller shaft is used to interact with the chain, strip or ribbon.
  • the annular links are connected end-to-end with 90 degrees of adjacent annular links, thereby providing sprocket on the roller shaft.
  • the groove instead of the friction surface gives better control.
  • the sprocket groove is matched to the chain link and can be stably engaged with a single link.
  • the ratchet teeth 6302 of the roller shaft are disposed in the middle of the roller shaft body 63, and are frictional surfaces 64 on both sides of the ratchet teeth 6302.
  • the frictional surface 64 is constructed of a friction material such as rubber or plastic, or the friction surface 64 may be a surface such as a knurl.
  • the frictional surface 64 may be a friction layer attached to the roller body 63, or a hollow sleeve which is fixed to the body 63 as shown in FIG.
  • the invention is directed to a roller shaft having a frictional surface along at least a portion of its length in the axial direction.
  • the roller shaft is rotatable about its axis and is fixedly coupled to the strut 66 via a shaft 68, and one end of the strut is pivotally coupled to the contact seat 65.
  • the contact seat 65 is mounted on the support plate 5, has a shaft hole as shown in Fig. 9, and has ratchet teeth correspondingly matched with the ratchet teeth 6302 of the roller shaft at the center thereof.
  • the struts 66 pass through a pivot and contact seat 65 that are mounted in the shaft bore.
  • the pawl 62 and the torsion spring 61 are also mounted on the pivot.
  • the roller body 64 has a shaft hole at the center for matching with the shaft 68.
  • a rolling bearing 69 may be disposed between the shaft hole and the shaft to reduce friction and make the rotation flexible.
  • the shaft 68 is mounted in the shaft hole of the contact 65 shown in FIG.
  • 2B, 2C and 2D are cross-sectional views taken along a section line passing through the ratchet teeth, respectively showing The roller shaft of the roller mechanism is in an intermediate state, a downward meshing state, and an upward meshing state.
  • the pawl 62 shown in Fig. 6 is disposed above the roller shaft and is pivotable about one end. When not in contact with the roller shaft, its lower portion abuts against the step of the contact seat so that it can no longer rotate downward.
  • the pawl 62 is subjected to a downward preload of the torsion spring 61 as shown in Fig. 5, and the spring coil of the torsion spring 61 is fitted over the aforementioned pivot.
  • the roller shaft is free to rotate when the roller shaft is in an intermediate state free from external force.
  • the projection on the roller strut 66 abuts against the elastic piece 67, so that the roller shaft and its strut are restrained by the elastic piece, and the roller shaft which can be pivoted by the strut 66 does not contact the contact seat 65.
  • the ratchet contact that is, the ratchet teeth of the guard roller shaft, does not mesh with the ratchet teeth of the contact seat.
  • the pawl 62 is restrained by the lower portion thereof against the step of the contact seat 65, and does not come into contact with the roller shaft. Therefore, the roller shaft can freely rotate, and at this time, the chain, the strip or the belt-like object 71 can freely pass through the nip.
  • the roller shaft pivots upward together with the strut until the ratchet teeth 6302 of the roller shaft abut against the pawl 62 and together Pivot to the shank 66 against the housing of the roller mechanism, however, since the direction of rotation of the roller does not cause the ratchet 6302 to engage the pawl 62 at this time, the roller can still maintain rotation.
  • the roller shaft will reversely rotate due to the frictional force between the frictional surface 64 and the chain, the strip or the belt-like object 71.
  • the reverse rotation causes the pawl 62 to engage the ratchet teeth 6302 of the roller shaft to prevent the roller shaft from rotating, so that the chain, strip or belt-like body 71 in the nip rapidly pivots downwardly with the roller.
  • the chain, strip or belt-like object 71 changes direction downward, if the locking is to be achieved, the pressing body 3 moves toward the roller shaft to reduce the nip, and the roller mechanism is converted to the lock shown in Fig. 2B. Stop state.
  • the locking device of the foregoing embodiment is extremely flexible in switching between various states, thereby enabling the chain, strip or belt-like body 71 to pass through the nip in the vertical direction.
  • the movement performs excellent control of performance.
  • the roller shaft mechanism can realize the flexible conversion of the state, and the chain, the strip or the belt-like object 71 can be locked and released quickly and reliably.
  • the end of the pressurizing body 3 opposite the roller shaft is preferably curved to help better assist the roller shaft in pivoting up or down and locking.
  • FIG 10 shows a schematic view of a second embodiment of the locking device of the present invention.
  • the locking device includes a roller shaft and a pawl, the roller shaft is rotatable about a central axis, and has a ratchet 601.
  • the pawl includes a connecting portion 603 and a locking portion 602, and one end of the connecting portion 603 is pivotally fixed on the fulcrum. The other end is hinged to one end of the locking portion 602, and the other end of the locking portion 602 is for engaging with the ratchet 601 to lock the quenching shaft.
  • the locking device further includes an actuator that is pivotable when one end of the connecting portion 603 is pivotally fixed to the fulcrum when the pawl is required to release the roller shaft, and is pivotable at the hinge point, thereby The actuator can manually or automatically move the hinge point of the pawl upward to bend the connecting portion 603 and the locking portion 60 2 at the hinge point, thereby achieving extremely rapid disengagement of the pawl from the roller shaft.
  • the connecting portion 603 and the locking portion 602 are shown connected in a manner of about 180 degrees. When this angle is reached, the hinge between the connecting portion 603 and the locking portion 602 can no longer be pivoted, but can only be similar to a folding knife. Bend inward.
  • the connection angle of the connecting portion 603 and the locking portion 602 is obviously not limited to about 180 degrees, and a plurality of angles within 180 degrees, such as 170, 160 degrees, etc., can be selected.
  • ratcheting locking devices enables a large number of applications in industrial equipment.
  • the current control of the roller shaft in the elevator system is generally a way of holding the axle, but this approach sometimes leads to the suspension.
  • the shaft is unreliable and there is a dangerous situation in which the elevator slips down, and even a casualty occurs.
  • the locking device of the second embodiment described above is capable of releasing the roller shaft quickly, and therefore, it is extremely important for the case where the locking of the pawl is required to be quickly unlocked.
  • FIG 11 is a schematic illustration of the inventive seat belt mounted relative to a single seat of a vehicle, with a three-point seat belt as an example.
  • the seat belt includes: a webbing 71; a suspension member 8 fixed to the upper portion of the vehicle body near the shoulder of the passenger; a buckle with a locking tongue and a lock body fixed to the lower portion of the vehicle body on one side of the seat a lock belt 9; a seat belt retractor 7 fixed to a lower portion of the vehicle body on the other side of the seat; and, the hair A regulating device that is disposed at the inlet and outlet of the webbing of the retractor 7.
  • the adjusting device of the present invention is at the inlet and outlet of the webbing of the retractor 7 in this example, in practice, the adjusting device of the present invention can be installed at the inlet and outlet of the webbing of the suspension member 8 and the retractor 7. Any position between, such as a central position between them, near the position of the hanger 8, or directly mounted or integrated with the suspension 8, so that the suspension 8 functions both as a suspension function and The adjustment devices are connected together. Further, the support frame (described later) of the adjusting device of the present invention may also be an integral part of the retractor housing, so that the adjusting device is integrated in the retractor 7.
  • the adjusting device of the present invention is installed when the support frame of the adjusting device is mounted on the retractor 7 at the inlet and outlet of the webbing, or the supporting frame of the adjusting device is an integral part of the retractor housing It may be defined to include a retractor 7.
  • Figure 12 shows a perspective view of the adjusting device mounted on the retractor 7
  • Figure 13 is an exploded view of the adjusting device
  • Figure 14 is a hinge point of the adjusting device from the first pendulum and the second pendulum
  • Fig. 15 is a perspective view of the front housing assembly of the adjusting device
  • Fig. 16 is a perspective view of the rear housing assembly of the adjusting device
  • Figs. 17 and 18 are pendulums of the adjusting device ⁇ ⁇ Dried perspectives in different states.
  • the adjusting device in this embodiment comprises: a trigger 1 comprising a roller 11, a link-like structure 12 and a tension spring 13; an inertial weight 2; a pressurizing body 3; a housing 4 as a support frame
  • the front case 41 and the rear case 42 are included; the support plate 5 has a slit for guiding the path of the webbing, and is used for mounting on the retractor 7; and, the roller mechanism 6.
  • roller shaft mechanism 6 is constructed in exactly the same manner as the roller shaft mechanism 6 of the first embodiment of the lock device, and therefore, the structure of the roller shaft mechanism 6 will not be described in detail in this embodiment.
  • the structure of the pressurizing body 3 can be seen in Figures 13, 14, 17 and 18, and Figures 19-22 show the parts separately.
  • the pressurizing body 3 includes: a first swing link 33 and a second swing link 35; a cross bar 31; a substantially rectangular swing bar carriage 36; a slide rail 34 matched with the swing bar carriage 36; and a pressing block 37.
  • the first swing link 33 and the second swing link 35 constitute a pair of support swing bars, and adjacent ends of the first and second swing bars are hinged together and form a swing bar angle.
  • the swing bar carriage 36 includes two substantially parallel longitudinal walls, each having an oblong hole at an upper end of the longitudinal wall, and the non-adjacent ends of the first swing bar 33 and the second swing bar 35 are pivotally connected to each other.
  • the rod 31 is shown attached to the intermediate portion, and the lower non-adjacent end is pivotally coupled to the transverse wall of the swing carriage 36 on the opposite side of the oblong hole.
  • a pressure block 37 is pivotally coupled to the transverse wall to form a nip with the roller shaft.
  • the crossbar 31 includes a body and a pin shaft having a through hole in a lateral direction through which the pin shaft passes, and both ends of the pin shaft are respectively fixed to the both side walls of the slide rail 34 through the oblong hole.
  • the inertia weight 2 is a disc-shaped body, which is mounted on the pin 24 of the pendulum hinge point.
  • the inertia weight 2 can also be mounted on the first pendulum or the second pendulum, and can be designed as needed.
  • the function of the inertia weight 2 is to change the angle of the swing rod by applying a force to the first swing rod and/or the second swing rod and/or the hinge point of the swing rod with a large inertia of weight when the vehicle is rapidly decelerating or tilting, to release The force applied by the clamp 37 to the webbing for locking the webbing.
  • the role of the inertia weight 2 is described in detail in PCT Application WO2012/026062.
  • the inertia weight 2 includes a body 21 and a casing 22 surrounding the bottom surface and the circumference of the body 21, and the inertia weight 2 is freely rotatable about a pin 24 at its center.
  • the weight body 21 may be made of lead, steel or other metal or alloy, and the housing 22 is made of a non-metallic material such as plastic or nylon to protect the weight body 21 and its surface modification, thereby being able to change the weight body. 21 Material properties at locations in contact with other parts.
  • One aspect of the adjustment of the trigger sensitivity of the inertial weight 2 is achieved by adjusting the degree of tilt of the entire device relative to the horizontal direction, and the reliability, stability and flexibility of the reciprocating movement of the pendulum of the pressurizing body 3 can be optimized.
  • the arrangement of the pendulum of the pressurizing body 3 is designed to be improved, and the design of the arrangement of the pendulum of the pressurizing body 3 also contributes to the adjustment of the triggering sensitivity of the inertial weight 2.
  • first swing link 33 and the second swing link 35 can be arranged to be parallel to the longitudinal axis of the pressurizing body at 180 degrees, it is apparently opposed to the longitudinal axis in the illustration. Tilt the way to arrange the two swing bars.
  • a stopper 38 is further provided to support the hinge point when the first swing lever 33 and the second swing lever 35 are at an angle of 180 degrees, and the hinge point has a certain degree of over-supporting, so that generally slight shaking cannot be broken. This vertical critical state.
  • a compression spring 32 supported on the crossbar 31 and the hinge point is provided to urge the first swing lever and the second swing lever to return to a 180-degree equilibrium state, which is also to increase the reliability of the reciprocating movement of the swing lever. , stability and flexibility.
  • Figures 23 and 24 show two different forms of slides 34, and a cross-sectional view of the pressurized body of Figure 28 shows the mounting position of the slides 34.
  • the slide 34 is made of a material having a relatively high rigidity, such as a metal material such as a steel sheet, and other non-metal materials such as a plastic having a relatively large rigidity.
  • the lower end of the slide 34 is in contact with the rear side of the press block 37, that is, the rear side of the press block 37 reciprocally slides on the lower end of the slide 34.
  • Mounted at the lower end of the slide 34 in Fig. 23 is a pivotable roller, and the lower end of the slide 34 in Fig. 24 is a slope that matches the angle of the rear side of the clamp 34.
  • Fig. 23 is a pivotable roller
  • the lower end of the slide 34 in Fig. 24 is a slope that matches the angle of the rear side of the clamp 34.
  • the lower end of the slide 34 is a sloped surface.
  • the main plane P1 of the pressurizing body 3 can also be said to be the main plane P1 passing through the axis of the pressurizing body 3 and the rear of the press block 37.
  • the angle formed by the sides is between 15 and 40 degrees, preferably 30
  • the lower end of the slide 34 and its main plane P2 are at an angle matching the rear side.
  • the reason why the slide 34 is provided and the lower end of the slide 34 is the above-described example shape is to make the pressing body 34 reciprocate more flexibly and reliably, and to increase the pressure of the pressing block 37 when the web 71 is pressurized. Rigid, so that the applied force can be kept strong enough to tend to the maximum limit that materials and structures can withstand.
  • the trigger 1 is used to trigger the movement of the inertial weight 2, causing the first swing lever 33 and the second swing lever 35 to be offset by 180 degrees to be in an unbalanced state, thereby increasing the nip to make the locking device
  • the webbing 71 is released.
  • one end of the link-like structure 12 of the trigger 1 is pivotally fixed to the abutment of the slide shown in Figures 23 and 24 to the sides, and the roller 11 at the other end abuts
  • the webbing 71, the tension spring 13, causes the roller 11 to have a pressure on the webbing 11, which pressure can be determined according to the actual needs of the design.
  • the trigger 1 further has a pressure regulator, as shown in Figures 12, 15 and 29, including a screw 14 and a nut 15 which is supported by a hole of a fixed lug provided on the front housing 41.
  • the connecting portion of the nut 15 passes through the slot in the front case 41 and is connected to one end of the tension spring 13, and the nut 15 can be moved along the slot by rotating the screw 14, thereby adjusting the preload of the tension spring 13.
  • the link-like structure 12 pushes the inertial weight 2 by a projection that protrudes toward the inertial weight 2.
  • Figures 29A, 29B and 29C show different forms of the link-like structure 12 pushing the inertia weight 2
  • Figures 25-26 show a separate link-like structure 12 having different projections, as shown
  • the output portion may have a sheet shape as shown in Fig. 26, a substantially square shape as shown in Fig. 27, or a wedge shape as shown in Fig. 25.
  • the sheet-like and substantially frame-like projections are in contact with their circumferential edges when pushing the inertial weight 2, and the wedge-shaped projections are in contact with the pin for fixing the inertial weights 2.
  • a substantially square-shaped projection can increase the rigidity of the projection to facilitate maintaining the shape of the projection, and the angle at which the projection contacts the inertial weight 2 is more stable, which precisely controls the operation of the adjusting device of the present invention. It is very beneficial.
  • the roller body 63, the pressing block 37, the carriage 36, the swing bars 33 and 35, the cross bar 31, and the roller 11 are preferably made of nylon or plastic, and for example, ABS resin can be used.
  • Rolling shafts, rollers 11, inertia weights 2, rotary rotating support portions of the pressing body 3 and the like are preferably provided with rolling axes such as rolling axes 7 69, 39 and 16, so that the rotation is flexible and smooth.
  • rolling axes 7 69, 39 and 16 For example, referring to Fig. 14, the upper and lower ports of the pin hole of the weight body 21 are provided with rolling bearings.
  • the counterbore is also provided at both ends of the shaft hole of the roller body 63. 6301 for mounting the rolling bearing 69.
  • FIGS. 12 and 14 are perspective and cross-sectional views, respectively, of the adjustment device assembled.
  • the roller shaft When the user pulls the webbing 71, since the upwardly moving webbing 71 applies pressure to the roller shaft, it is easy to pivot the roller having the frictional surface 64 axially upward, thereby between the pressing block 36 and the roller shaft. The nip is enlarged. Regardless of the angle between the swing bars of the pressurizing body 3, the ratchet teeth 6301, which are not locked by the nip when the webbing 71 is pulled, are engaged, so that the roller shaft can always keep rotating.
  • the drawn webbing is formed into a taut state, at which time the roller 11 of the trigger abuts against the surface of the webbing 71. Under the action of the tension spring 13, the weave will be under pressure.
  • the roller shaft is engaged with the pawl 62 by the force that is rapidly reversed, thereby instantaneously stopping the rotation. And mainly because the downward frictional force causes the roller shaft and the roller shaft strut 66 to pivot downward, so that the nip is smaller and smaller until the two sides of the webbing 71 are simultaneously subjected to the roller shaft and the pressing block. The pressure on the front side.
  • the first swinging lever 33 and the second swinging lever 35 are still in a 180-degree alignment state, and the trigger 1 has a certain pressure on the webbing 71 under the pulling force of the tension spring 13, and gradually pivots downward, pressing The webbing 71 is pivoted toward the housing 42 and the support plate 5.
  • the tension of the tension spring 13 gradually becomes smaller.
  • the pressure exerted by the clamp 37 and the roller friction surface 64 on the web 71 will clamp the web 71. Lock it.
  • a person skilled in the art can design the magnitude of the pressure applied by the trigger 1 to the webbing 71 according to actual needs, and can design the projection of the rod-like structure 12 according to actual needs when the trigger 1 is in a state.
  • the pendulum rod is unstable.
  • the adjusting device of the embodiment can be adjusted such that when the user pulls out the webbing 71 more, for example, the user buckles the buckle lock 9 of the seat belt after the length of the webbing 71 is more than the length of the webbing 71 just attached to the body 10- At 60 cm, the trigger 1 will always pivot downward until the projection of the link-like structure 12 pushes the inertial weight 2 to move the hinge point of the swing lever, causing the first swing lever 33 and the second swing lever 35 to be lost.
  • the adjusting device of the present embodiment can be adjusted such that when the user pulls out the webbing 71 less, for example, the user buckles the buckle lock 9 of the seat belt after the length of the webbing 71 is shorter than the length of the webbing 71.
  • the roller 11 of the trigger 1 rests on the webbing 71, and the projection of the link-like structure 12 contacts the inertial weight 2, but does not push the inertial weight 2 to make the first swing lever 33 And the second swing lever 35 is unstable.
  • the triggering force of the trigger 1 is affected by various factors of the structure of the present invention, including: the tensile force of the tension spring 13; the shape and position of the projection of the link-like structure 12; and the rod-like structure 12 of the inertia weight 2 a contact portion where the projection contacts; an angle formed between a contact portion of the inertia weight 2 and a contact portion of the projection portion of the link structure 12; and, the first swing lever 33 and the second swing lever 35
  • the degree of over-support that is, the resistance to instability of the first swing lever 33 and the second swing lever 35.
  • the webbing 71 when the webbing 71 is drawn back, in addition to the retracting force of the retractor 7, it is also subjected to the gravity of the drawn webbing itself and the frictional force of the member in contact with the webbing 71 to the webbing.
  • the present invention is capable of finely adjusting the trigger of the trigger 1 by the above frictional force.
  • the frictional force between the suspension member 8 and the webbing 71 in the above frictional force is the main frictional force which is affected by the softness and gravity of the webbing 71, and the drawn webbing 1
  • the amount of contact between the webbing 1 and the suspension member 8, the contact area and the strength are different, and the magnitude of the frictional force changes minutely.
  • the trigger 1 will trigger the first and second swing bars 33 and 35 to be destabilized, so that the webbing 71 is drawn back, and when the pull-out webbing 71 is small, the projection of the link-like structure 12 of the trigger 1 will be heavy with inertia.
  • Block 2 contacts but does not trigger the first and second swing bars 33 and 35 to destabilize.
  • the trigger can not trigger the first and second when the user only feels the pressure between 0-0.1 pounds in a state where the webbing is pulled out less, that is, just relaxed.
  • the swing bars 33 and 35 are destabilized, that is, the adjusting device of the present invention enables the seat belt to have a "zero pressure" in a state where the webbing is pulled out less, i.e., just relaxed.
  • the trigger 1 is manually restrained from abutting against the inertial weight 2, or the trigger 1 is cancelled, once the webbing 71 is pulled out, once the webbing 71 is stopped, the bristle 37 and the roller shaft will grip the webbing 71 and will The webbing is locked and the webbing 71 cannot be pumped back unless the pendulum is manually destabilized or the inertia weight 2 automatically destabilizes the pendulum.
  • the inertial weight 2 will rapidly move forward under the action of inertia, thus driving the first and second swinging rods 33.
  • the compact 37 is retracted along the slide 34, so that the nip releases the web 71, and the web 71 is quickly retracted by the retracting force of the retractor 7.
  • the trigger sensitivity of the inertia weight that is, the extent to which the vehicle decelerates rapidly, causes the inertia weight 2 to trigger the first and second swing levers 33 and 35 to be out of equilibrium, and the inertia can be adjusted as a whole.
  • the degree of inclination of the weight 2 and the arrangement of the swing bars of the pressurizing body 3 are specifically determined.
  • the retractor 7 quickly locks the webbing 71 so that The seat belt protects the user. If the drawn webbing 71 is too long, then since the adjusting device of the present invention is unlocked, the retractor 7 may also quickly retract a length of webbing before locking.
  • the adjustment device of the present invention may further comprise an elastic compression member 10.
  • Fig. 10 schematically shows the mounting position of the elastic compression member 10 of the embodiment of the present invention, and Figs. 31 and 32 respectively show a front view and a cross-sectional view of the elastic compression member 10.
  • the elastic compression member 10 is preferably fixedly coupled to the buckle lock 9, or may be integrated with the buckle lock 9.
  • the elastic compression member 10 is attached to the body of the vehicle or the body of the seat at the lower portion of the buckle lock 9, but the elastic compression member 10 may also be part of the buckle 92 or a part of the lock body 91.
  • the elastic compression member 10 includes: a link 101 fixedly coupled to the lock body 91; a housing 102 through which the link 101 is received through the hole at the front end of the case;
  • the compression spring 106 has a lower end of the connecting rod 101 against the compression spring 106.
  • the compression distance of the compression spring 106 can be designed to be selected from the range of 10-60 cm, preferably 40 cm, for example.
  • the adjusting device of the present invention can realize that the trigger 1 does not trigger the pendulum rod instability of the pressurizing body 3, and the nip firmly grips the webbing 71 without returning. Pumping, so, the weave attached to the user The belt 71 is slack, and the user does not feel the pressure of the webbing 71 at all, and does not feel a strong feeling of pressure as the seat belt of the prior art.
  • a compression spring 106 is employed to effect control of the length of the ribbon 71 being pulled further.
  • a tension spring can also be utilized to mate with the link 101. It is easy to design and implement, as long as the link 101 can be compressed down and then automatically reset.
  • the resilient compression member 10 can also include a sealing device 104, such as a sealing jaw.
  • the sealing device 104 acts as a seal between the outer wall of the tail stop 105 of the link 101 and the inner wall of the housing 102.
  • at least one through hole 107 is formed in the tail stop portion 105, and the hole may have a diameter of 0.3 - 1 mm, for example, 0.4 mm.
  • the space for accommodating the compression spring 105 in the casing 102 becomes a space for ventilating only the outside through the through hole 107, whereby after the link 101 is depressed, even if there is a spring 105, the link 101 It will not pop up quickly, but only slowly.
  • the through hole 107 is provided in the tail stop portion 105, but whether the compression spring or the tension spring is used, the through hole 107 may be disposed in other portions, such as the wall of the housing 102, as long as the above technical effects can be achieved. can.
  • the elastic compression member 10 may further include a damper spring 103 that enables the elastic compression member 10 to be damped to the extent that the webbing 71 is subjected to a large pulling force of the human body. Long, cushioning the collision between the body and the webbing 71, thereby ensuring the protective effect of the seat belt while avoiding the physical damage to the user of the webbing itself, that is, reducing or even avoiding the so-called "secondary injury" of the seat belt.
  • the damper spring 103 may be disposed in the elastic compression member 10 together with the compression spring 106, or a damper extension device including the damper spring 103 may be separately provided. In the configuration shown in Fig. 32, if the damper spring 103 is not provided, the link 101 should be set to be restricted by the housing 102 and not moved upward before being compressed downward.
  • the damper spring 103 is a compression spring. Obviously, those skilled in the art can also design it as a tension spring according to the action of the damper spring 103, and only need to connect the damper spring 103 to the tail of the link 101. It is sufficient to stretch the damper spring 103 when the link 101 is subjected to a pulling force.
  • damping extension device including the damping spring 103
  • damping elongation device for reducing or avoiding "secondary injury"
  • the design needs to be provided in any suitable part of the seat belt, such as a buckle lock, a suspension, or even a part of the webbing, which is only required to be damped when subjected to a large pulling force of the human body. elongation.
  • the seat belt with the above-described adjusting device of the present invention can be operated in a single operation and in a programmed manner as follows:
  • the inventors of the present application have also proposed an idea of improving the coil spring of the retractor.
  • the spring force of the coil spring is changed, and the longer the web is pulled, the greater the retracting force, but the performance of the retractor is not advantageous for more reliable and convenient operation, installation and manufacture.
  • the adjustment device of the present invention For the purposes of the present invention, it is easier to operate, install and manufacture the adjustment device of the present invention if the take-up force is substantially uniform whether the webbing pull is long or short.
  • the inventors have proposed a coil spring of variable cross section, i.e., the reed of the coil spring is of a variable cross section so that the winding force is substantially uniform regardless of whether the deformation of the coil spring is large or small.
  • the coil spring reed may have a cross section in which the coil spring reed has an equal thickness in the longitudinal direction, but the width is gradually reduced; or, the coil spring reed has a constant width in the longitudinal direction, but the thickness is gradually reduced.
  • a coil spring reed having a gradually decreasing width is schematically shown, and as shown, the width of the unwinding spring reed is gradually reduced from the left end to the right end.
  • the adjusting device shown in the above embodiment is exemplified by an adjusting device mounted on the right side of the seat of the vehicle.
  • the position of the protruding portion of the illustrated link-like structure 12 is only suitable for mounting.
  • the stop portion 38 of the carriage 36 is also an adjustment device that is only suitable for mounting on the right side.
  • the adjustment device Structurally correspondingly arranged as a left side adjustment device and a right side adjustment device.
  • the adjusting device of the present invention can utilize the theoretically infinite pendulum force to lock the webbing while being easy and automatic under the action of weak signal forces.
  • the ground unlocking realizes the "zero pressure feeling" of the seat belt to the user, and the operation of the adjusting device is flexible and reliable, and the operation of the seat belt of the present invention is easy, single, and programmed.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Automotive Seat Belt Assembly (AREA)
  • Seats For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Vibration Dampers (AREA)
  • Lock And Its Accessories (AREA)
  • Buckles (AREA)
  • Refuge Islands, Traffic Blockers, Or Guard Fence (AREA)

Abstract

锁止装置、运载工具安全带调节装置以及运载工具安全带，其中，所述锁止装置，用于控制可移动的链、条或带状物体（71），包括：支撑框架；带有摩擦性表面或链齿节槽（64）的辊轴（6），与支杆（66）固定地连接，支杆（66）的一端可枢转地连接在支撑框架上；棘爪（62），设置在辊轴（6）上方，并能够绕一端枢转；和与辊轴（6）沿横向方向相对的加压体（3），在辊轴（6）与加压体（3）之间形成辊隙。当辊轴（6）处于中间状态时能够自由回转。当辊轴（6）被迫向下枢转，直至设置在接触座（65）上的棘齿与辊轴（6）的棘齿（6302）啮合而阻止辊轴（6）回转，从而能够将物体（71）锁止。当辊轴（6）被迫向上枢转，直至辊轴（6）的棘齿（6302）抵靠棘爪（62）但辊轴（6）仍能回转，而当物体（71）改变方向向下移动时，棘爪（62）与辊轴（6）的棘齿（6302）啮合而阻止辊轴（6）回转，并且随辊轴（6）向下枢转而脱离与辊轴（6）的棘齿（6302）的啮合。加压体（3）可以包括在一端相互铰接并可变折的一对摆杆。

Description

锁止装置、 运载工具安全带调节装置以及运载工具安全带 技术领域
本发明涉及锁止装置、运载工具安全带调节装置、以及运载工具安全带。 背景技术
在现代工业生产中， 常常需要控制移动的链、 条或带状物体的移动和锁 止， 因而需要不断开发性能良好的锁止装置。
此外， 很多设备中需要对还有滚轮的回转进行控制。 例如， 在电梯系统 中电梯的行止需要控制滚轮的回转， 而且要求能够获得对瞬间行止的控制。 再例如对船舶的缆绳或锚链经常用滚轮进行卷收， 常常需要快速释放对缆绳 或锚链的锁止。
特别地， 例如机动车之类的运载工具的安全带是受到人们广泛关注的配 备， 控制好安全带的织带的运动具有很重要的意义。 由于安全带存在对使用 者有压迫感这一问题， 因此 4艮多人并不喜欢安全带， 甚至于能不系安全带就 不系安全带。 更有甚者， 为了应付对系安全带的强制检查， 有的人采用强行 改变安全带的部分功能的方式将织带松弛地系在身上， 例如将织带用刚性物 体别在机动车体上无法回抽来使身体无压迫感， 这样的做法就给安全带的保 护作用带来隐患。
本申请人在 PCT 申请 WO2012/026062中公开了一种用于运载工具座椅 安全带的调节装置。 该调节装置包括由第一摆杆和第二摆杆组成的一对支撑 摆杆和致动器， 第一和第二摆杆的相邻端部铰接在一起并形成一摆杆夹角， 第一和第二摆杆的一个非相邻端部固定不动， 而另一非相邻端部因摆杆夹角 变化而可动， 致动器向第一摆杆和 /或第二摆杆和 /或摆杆铰接点施加力来改 变该摆杆夹角， 从而通过一个活动的非相邻端部直接向安全带的织带施加大 小变化的作用力。 根据需要， 该调节装置可以设计成当第一摆杆和第二摆杆 处在 180度垂直对齐的状态时， 所述非相邻端部能够提供完全的支撑力垂直 作用于织带， 从而卡止织带以防止其移动。 致动器特别地是惯性重块。
该申请 WO2012/026062所公开的调节装置还可以进一步改进。 发明内容
本发明目的之一在于提供一种性能良好的用于控制可移动的链、 条或带 状物体的锁止装置。
本发明之另一目的在于提供一种能够快速释放具有棘齿的辊轴的锁止装 置。
本发明之另一目的在于提供一种用于运载工具安全带的锁止装置， 该锁 止装置能实现使安全带具有 "零压迫感"， 并且运行灵活、 可靠， 操作筒单、 方便。
本发明之另一目的在于提供一种运载工具安全带， 其具有 "零压迫感"， 并且运行灵活、 可靠， 操作筒单、 方便。
为此， 本发明提供一种锁止装置， 用于控制可移动的链、 条或带状物体 包括： 用于安装的支撑框架； 辊轴， 带有摩擦性表面或者带有链齿节槽， 该 辊轴具有棘齿， 并且该辊轴沿轴向的至少一部分长度具有摩擦性表面或者链 齿节槽， 该辊轴能够绕其轴线回转， 并与支杆固定地连接， 而该支杆的一端 可枢转地连接在所述支撑框架上； 棘爪， 设置在所述辊轴的上方， 并能够绕 一端枢转； 以及与所述辊轴沿横向方向相对的加压体， 在所述辊轴与所述加 压体之间形成供所述链、条或带状物体通过的辊隙，所述加压体是可移动的， 以向所述链、 条或带状物体施加力。 其中， 当所述辊轴处于不受加压体和所 述物体的压力的中间状态时， 所述辊轴能够自由回转； 当所述链、 条或带状 物体向下移动并且所述加压体对着所述链、 条或带状物体施压进而对所述辊 轴施压时， 所述辊轴与所述支杆一起向下枢转， 直至设置在所述支撑框架上 所述链、 条或带状物体夹住而将其锁止； 以及当所述链、 条或带状物体向上 移动并且所述加压体松开所述链、 条或带状物体时， 所述辊轴与所述支杆一 起向上枢转， 直至所述辊轴的棘齿抵靠所述棘爪， 而当所述链、 条或带状物 体改变方向向下移动时， 所述棘爪与所述辊轴的棘齿啮合而阻止所述辊轴回 转， 并且随所述辊轴向下枢转而进一步脱离与所述辊轴的棘齿的啮合。
优选地， 所述加压体的与所述辊轴相对的端部为弧形， 协助所述辊轴完 成向上或向下枢转以及锁止动作。
优选地，所述棘爪带有弹性件，该弹性件对所述棘爪施加向下的预压力。 由于具有如上所述的辊轴机构， 本发明的锁止装置在各种状态之间的转 换极为灵活自如， 从而能够对在竖直方向上穿过辊隙的链、 条或带状物体的 移动进行性能优良的控制。
本发明还提供一种锁止装置， 用于控制辊轴的回转， 包括： 辊轴， 该辊 轴具有棘齿， 能够绕轴线回转； 以及棘爪， 该棘爪包括连接部分和锁止部分， 所述连接部分的一端枢转地固定， 另一端与所述锁止部分的一端铰接， 所述 锁止部分的另一端用于与所述棘齿啮合而锁止所述辊轴； 以及致动器， 当需 要使所述棘爪释放所述辊轴从而所述辊轴能够回转时， 该致动器手动地或自 动地迅速使所述棘爪在铰接点处弯折， 从而快速使所述棘爪与所述辊轴脱离 啮合。
优选地， 所述辊轴用于卷绕和释放柔性链、 条或带状物体， 当需要所述 辊轴回转以卷绕或！ ^放所述链、 条或带状物体时， 所述致动器手动地或自动 地迅速使所述棘爪在铰接点处弯折， 从而快速使所述棘爪与所述辊轴脱离啮 合。
该锁止装置能够实现快速地释放具有棘齿的辊轴， 对于要求对棘爪的锁 止快速解锁的设备有极为重要的意义。
本发明还提供一种用于运载工具安全带的调节装置，所述调节装置包括： 用于安装的支撑框架； 带有摩擦性表面的辊轴， 该辊轴具有棘齿， 并且该辊 轴沿轴向的至少一部分长度具有摩擦性表面， 该辊轴能够绕其轴线回转， 并 与支杆固定地连接，而该支杆的一端可枢转地连接在所述支撑框架上；棘爪， 设置在所述辊轴的上方； 加压体， 包括由第一摆杆和第二摆杆组成的一对支 撑摆杆， 所述第一和第二摆杆的相邻端部铰接在一起并形成一摆杆夹角， 所 述第一和第二摆杆的一个非相邻端部固定不动， 而另一非相邻端部因摆杆夹 角变化而可动， 所述另一相邻端部与所述辊轴在横向方向上相对， 在所述辊 轴与所述另一非相邻端部之间形成供所述安全带的织带通过的辊隙； 以及致 动器 , 所述致动器向第一摆杆和 /或第二摆杆和 /或摆杆铰接点施加力来改变 该摆杆夹角， 以解除所述另一非相邻端部向所述织带施加的用于锁止所述织 带的力。 其中， 当第一摆杆和第二摆杆处在 180度垂直对齐的状态时， 所述 另一非相邻端部使所述辊隙最小而对所述织带施加压力， 从而夹住所述织带 而将其锁止， 当在较小的信号力作用下通过致动器改变该摆杆夹角时， 所述 另一非相邻端部能够释放所述织带。 其中， 当所述辊轴处于不受加压体和织 带的压力的中间状态时， 所述辊轴能够自由回转； 当所述织带在卷收器的作 用下向下移动并且所述另一非相邻端部对着所述织带施压进而对所述辊轴施 压时， 所述辊轴与所述支杆一起向下枢转， 直至设置在所述支撑框架上的接 织带夹住而锁止； 以及当所述织带被抽动而向上移动并且所述另一非相邻端 松开所述织带时， 所述辊轴与所述支杆一起向上枢转， 直至所述辊轴的棘齿 抵靠设置在所述辊轴上方的能够绕轴枢转的棘爪， 而当所述织带在卷收器的 作用下改变方向向下移动时， 所述棘爪与所述辊轴的棘齿啮合而阻止所述辊 轴回转， 并且随所述辊轴向下枢转而进一步脱离与所述辊轴的棘齿的啮合。
优选地， 所述致动器为安装在第一摆杆和 /或第二摆杆和 /或摆杆铰接点 上的惯性重块， 特别地， 所述惯性重块为圓盘状物体， 更具体地， 所述惯性 重块能够绕位于其中心的安装轴自由回转。
优选地， 所述锁止装置还包括用于触发致动器的触发器， 该触发器促使 所述第一摆杆和第二摆杆偏离 180度而处于失失衡状态。
优选地， 所述触发器包括连杆状结构和弹性件， 该连杆状结构的一端枢 转地固定于所述支撑框架上， 另一端氏靠所述织带， 该弹性件使所述另一端 具有对所述织带的预压力， 并且， 所述连杆状结构还包括朝向所述惯性重块 突出的凸出部， 该凸出部能够在所述连杆状结构在所述连杆结构枢转到一定 程度时推动所述惯性重块， 使所述惯性重块失衡， 凸出部优选地沿径向推压 所述惯性重块的圓周部分， 优选地， 该凸出部能够在安全带使使用者仅感到 0-0.1磅之间的压力时不会推动所述惯性重块达到失衡状态。
优选地， 所述另一非相邻端的与所述辊轴相对的端部为弧形， 协助所述 辊轴完成向上或向下枢转以及锁止动作。
优选地，所述棘爪带有弹性件，该弹性件对所述棘爪施加向下的预压力。 优选地， 所述调节装置还包括用于引导所述织带的狭缝， 该狭缝与所述 辊隙间隔开， 并且位于所述辊隙上方， 从而使所述织带沿着该狭缝和所述辊 隙之间的路径移动。
优选地， 包括所述第一摆杆和第二摆杆的所述加压体的主平面与水平面 成 10度至 80度之间的角度， 尤其为 60度、 65度、 70度或 75度， 所述另一 非相邻端部靠近所述辊轴， 使得当所述第一摆杆和第二摆杆趋向于 180度时 所述辊隙逐渐变小。
优选地， 所述加压体还包括大致矩形的摆杆滑架、 压块和横杆， 所述大 致矩形的摆杆滑架包括两个大致平行的纵向壁， 在所述纵向壁的上端各有一 个长圓孔， 所述第一摆杆和第二摆杆的所述一个非相邻端枢转地连接在所述 横杆上， 所述另一个非相邻端枢转地连接所述摆杆滑架的位于与所述长圓孔 相反一侧的横向壁， 所述压块枢转地连接于所述横向壁而与所述辊轴形成所 述辊隙， 所述横杆的两端分别穿过所述长圓孔而固定在所述支撑框架上， 从 而当所述第一摆杆和第二摆杆之间的角度变化时， 所述摆杆滑架带着所述压 块沿所述长圓孔移动， 优选地， 所述加压体还包括设置在所述摆杆滑架上促 使所述第一摆杆和第二摆杆回复到 180度平衡状态的弹性件。
优选地， 所述加压体还包括滑道， 该滑道安装在所述支撑框架上， 其下 端相对于其主平面成 16-40度之间的角度， 优选是 30度， 相应地， 所述压力 块的后侧面与所述摆 滑架和和压块组成的构件的主平面也成与该角度相等 的角度， 所述压力块的后侧面支承在所述滑道的下端上滑动。
优选地， 所述加压体还包括在铰接点处布置的止挡部， 用于在所述第一 摆杆和第二摆杆回复到 180度平衡状态时止挡所述铰接点， 使得所述第一摆 杆和第二摆杆的铰接处具有一定的过支撑程度， 优选地， 所述第一摆杆和第 二摆杆相对于所述两个大致平行的纵向壁倾斜地安装。
优选地， 所述调节装置还包括弹性压缩部件， 该弹性压缩部件设置于安 全带的固定于座椅一侧的锁体处或者设置为安全带的锁舌的一部分， 从而使 用者在使安全带的锁舌与该锁体卡扣好后能够通过压缩该弹性压缩部件将锁 体和锁舌向下压缩 10-60mm, 随后该弹性压缩部件能复位。
优选地， 所述弹性压缩部件包括壳体、 弹簧和连杆， 所述弹簧容纳于所 述壳体中， 所述连杆的一端固定地与所述锁体或锁舌连接， 所述连杆的一部 分穿过所述壳体的孔而容纳于所述壳体中， 并且所述连杆与所述弹簧连接而 能被向下压缩。
优选地， 所述弹性压缩部件还包括阻尼弹性件， 从而在安全带的织带受 到巨大拉力的情况下所述弹性压缩部件能够阻尼地伸长。
优选地， 所述壳体是封闭的， 仅有小孔与外界通气， 使得所述连杆在被 向下压缩后只能緩慢地复位。
优选地， 所述支杆具有利用密封装置与所述壳体的内壁密封的尾挡部， 该尾挡部抵压所述弹簧， 并且该尾挡部的外径大于邻近处的支杆外径， 在该 尾挡部还具有通孔， 使得容纳所述弹簧的空间成为仅有所述通孔与外界通气 的空间， 以使所述连杆在被向下压缩后只能緩慢地复位。
优选地， 所述安全带还包括安装在运载工具上供织带穿过并支承织带的 悬吊件。
优选地， 所述安全带包括悬吊于运载工具上的将安全带上端固定于乘员 肩部附近的悬吊件、 以及靠近座椅一侧的下部的用于向内回收安全带的回收 卷收器， 所述调节装置布置于自悬吊件直到回收卷收器之间的任一位置， 优 选地， 所述调节装置直接安装在卷收器的上部。
优选地， 所述支撑框架为卷收器的一部分， 从而所述调节装置集成于卷 收器中。
优选地， 所述调节装置还包括卷收器， 所述支撑框架在所述织带进出的 口部处安装在卷收器上， 或者所述支撑框架为卷收器壳体的一体部分。
优选地， 根据所述调节装置是安装在所述运载工具的座椅的左侧还是右 侧， 所述调节装置在结构上对应地设置成左侧调节装置和右侧调节装置。
本发明还提供一种用于机动车座椅的安全带， 包括卷收器和前述调节装 置， 所述调节装置布置于自悬吊件直到回收卷收器之间的任一位置， 或者所 述调节装置的安装框架就是卷收器的一部分而使得所述调节装置集成于卷收 器中。
优选地， 所述卷收器的卷簧具有变截面， 使得所述卷簧无论变形大小均 具有基本相同的弹性， 从而当安全带的织带在被拉出期间或被卷收期间受到 所述卷簧相同的作用力。
优选地， 所述卷簧的簧片沿纵向具有相等的厚度， 但宽度逐渐缩小； 或 者， 所述卷簧的簧片沿纵向具有不变的宽度， 但厚度逐渐缩小。
本发明的调节装置能够利用理论上无穷大的摆杆力来锁止织带， 同时又 能在弱小信号力作用下轻 、 自动地解锁。 本发明的调节装置以及安全带能 够细微地控制织带的回抽和拉出，甚至于能够实现安全带对使用者身体的 "零 压迫感"。对于实际应用特别有意义的是，本发明调节装置的运作灵活、可靠， 另外， 本发明的安全带的操作容易、 筒单、 程序化。 附图说明
图 1为本发明锁止装置的第一实施例的示意图。
图 2A为本发明锁止装置的辊轴机构的透视图。
图 2B、 2C和 2D为沿穿过辊轴棘齿的剖切线截取的剖示图， 分别示出 辊轴机构的辊轴处于中间状态、 向下啮合状态和向上啮合状态。
图 3为辊轴机构的从另一角度透视的透视图。
图 4为辊轴的剖视图。
图 5为棘爪的预压弹簧的透视图。
图 6为棘爪的透视图。
图 7为辊轴本体的透视图。 图 8为辊轴支架的透视图。
图 9为接触座的透视图。
图 10为本发明锁止装置的第二实施例的示意图。
图 11为本发明安全带的示意图。
图 12为本发明的用于运载工具安全带的调节装置的透视图。
图 13为图 12所示的调节装置的爆炸图。
图 14为图 12所示的调节装置的剖视图。
图 15为图 12所示的调节装置的前壳组件的透视图。
图 16为图 12所示的调节装置的后壳组件的透视图。
图 17和 18均为图 12所示的调节装置的加压体的透视图，分别示出摆杆 的不同状态。
图 19为调节装置的加压体的用于悬吊摆杆的横杆的本体的透视图。 图 20为调节装置的加压体的第一摆杆的透视图。
图 21为调节装置的加压体的第二摆杆的透视图。
图 22为调节装置的加压体的摆杆滑架的透视图。
图 23和 24分别为调节装置的加压体的两种不同形式滑道的透视图。 图 25-27分别为调节装置的触发器的三种不同形式的连杆状结构的透视 图。
图 28为调节装置的加压体的剖视图。
图 29A、 29B和 29C为分别示出三种不同形式的连杆状结构与惯性重块 接触方式的透视图。
图 30为卷收器的卷簧的示意性展开图。
图 31为弹性压缩部件的正视图。
图 32为弹性压缩部件的剖视图。 具体实施方式
在下文中， 将参照附图描述本发明的实施例。
在此记载的实施例为本发明的特定的具体实施方式， 用于说明本发明的 构思， 均是解释性和示例性的， 不应解释为对本发明实施方式及本发明范围 的限制。 除在此记载的实施例外， 本领域技术人员还能够基于本申请权利要 求书和说明书所公开的内容采用显而易见的其它技术方案， 这些技术方案包 括采用对在此记载的实施例的做出任何显而易见的修改、 替换和组合的技术 方案。 本发明要求保护的技术方案的范围由本申请的权利要求书限定。
一. 本发明的锁止装置的第一实施例
图 1示意性示出本发明锁止装置的第一实施例。 该实施例的锁止装置用 于控制可移动的链、 条或带状物体 71 , 包括辊轴机构 6、 加压体 3和支撑板 5。 辊轴机构 6安装在支撑板 5上， 与加压体 3形成供链、 条或带状物体 71 穿过的辊隙。 加压体 3与辊轴沿横向方向相对， 其左侧远离或靠近辊轴， 经 由链、条或带状物体 71对辊轴施压，从而实现锁止或释放链、条或带状物体 71。 在该实施例中， 支撑板 5上还设置有引导狭缝 51 , 用于限制链、 条或带 状物体 71的移动路径。
如图 2A、 3和 4所示， 辊轴机构 6包括： 辊轴， 其包括辊轴本体 63和 摩擦性表面或者链齿节槽 64; 棘爪 62; 棘爪扭簧 61 ; 辊轴支杆 66; 定位片 67; 和， 接触座 65。 图 4示出辊轴的剖示图， 图 5-9分别单独示出棘爪扭簧 61、 棘爪 62、 辊轴本体 63、 辊轴支杆 66和接触座 65。
辊轴的摩擦性表面用于与链、 条或带状物体相互作用。 对于一些链状物 体， 例如象铁葫芦的链子那样的链状物体， 其环状链节以相邻的环状链节彼 此成 90度的形式首尾相连， 由此，在辊轴上设置链齿节槽而不是摩擦性表面 能够取得更好的控制效果。 链齿节槽与链子的链节相匹配， 能够与单个链节 稳定地啮合。
辊轴的棘齿 6302设置在辊轴本体 63的中部，在棘齿 6302两侧均为摩擦 性表面 64。 摩擦性表面 64由摩擦性材料构成， 例如橡胶、 塑料， 或者， 摩 擦性表面 64也可以是如滚花之类的表面。 摩擦性表面 64可以为附着在辊轴 本体 63上的摩擦层，也可以中空的套圏，套圏如图 4所示固定在本体 63上。 本发明对辊轴的要求是沿轴向的至少一部分长度具有摩擦性表面。
该辊轴能够绕其轴线回转， 并通过轴 68与支杆 66固定地连接， 而该支 杆的一端可枢转地连接在接触座 65上。 接触座 65安装在支撑板 5上， 如图 9所示具有轴孔， 并且在其中部具有与辊轴的棘齿 6302相应匹配的棘齿。 支 杆 66通过安装在轴孔中的枢轴与接触座 65。 另外， 棘爪 62和扭簧 61也安 装在该枢轴上。
在该实施例中， 辊轴本体 64中心具有轴孔， 供与轴 68相配， 在轴孔与 轴之间可以设置滚动轴承 69, 以减小摩擦， 使转动灵活。 轴 68安装在图 9 所示的接触 65的轴孔中。
图 2B、 2C和 2D为沿穿过辊轴棘齿的剖切线截取的剖示图， 分别示出 辊轴机构的辊轴处于中间状态、 向下啮合状态和向上啮合状态。
如图 6所示的棘爪 62设置在辊轴的上方，并能够绕一端枢转。在不与辊 轴接触时， 其下部抵靠接触座的台阶，从而不能再向下旋转。棘爪 62受到如 图 5所示的扭簧 61的向下的预压力， 扭簧 61的弹簧线圏套在前述枢轴上。
参见图 2A、 2B和图 3, 当所述辊轴处于不受外力的中间状态时， 所述 辊轴能够自由回转。 在此期间， 辊轴支杆 66上的凸出部抵靠在弹片 67上， 从而辊轴及其支杆由该弹片限位,保证能够通过支杆 66枢转的辊轴不与接触 座 65的棘齿接触， 也就是保护辊轴的棘齿不与接触座的棘齿啮合。 另夕卜，棘 爪 62因其下部抵靠接触座 65的台阶而被限位， 也不会与辊轴接触。 因此， 辊轴能够自由回转， 此时， 链、 条或带状物体 71能够自由地穿过辊隙。
再参见图 2C,如果链、条或带状物体 71向下移动并且加压体 3对着链、 条或带状物体 71施压进而对辊轴施压， 在摩擦性表面 64的协同作用下， 辊 轴与支杆克服弹片 67的弹力而一起向下枢转， 直至接触座 65的棘齿与辊轴 的棘齿 6302啮合， 这样就会阻止辊轴回转，从而能够将所述链、条或带状物 体夹住而将其锁止。
进一步参见图 2D, 如果链、 条或带状物体 71向上移动并且加压体 3松 开链、 条或带状物体 71 , 那么在弹片 67的回复弹力的作用下， 辊轴会上抬 而脱离与接触座 65 的棘齿的啮合， 从而能够回转。 并且， 由于摩擦性表面 64与链、 条或带状物体 71之间的摩擦力， 因而辊轴与支杆一起向上枢转， 直至辊轴的棘齿 6302抵靠棘爪 62,并一起再向上枢转至支杆 66抵住辊轴机 构的壳体， 但是， 由于此时辊轴的回转方向并不会导致棘齿 6302与棘爪 62 啮合， 因而此时辊轴还能够保持回转。 这时， 如果链、 条或带状物体 71改变 方向向下移动时， 那么由于摩擦性表面 64与链、 条或带状物体 71之间的摩 擦力， 辊轴会反向回转， 此时， 反向回转就会使棘爪 62与辊轴的棘齿 6302 啮合而阻止辊轴回转，从而处于辊隙中的链、条或带状物体 71就会迅速随所 述辊轴向下枢转。 当链、条或带状物体 71改变方向向下移动时， 如果要实现 锁止， 则加压体 3向辊轴移动而减小辊隙， 辊轴机构就会转化到图 2B所示 的锁止状态。
由于具有如上所述的辊轴机构， 前述实施例的锁止装置在各种状态之间 的转换极为灵活自如， 从而能够对在竖直方向上穿过辊隙的链、 条或带状物 体 71的移动进行性能优良的控制。对于链、条或带状物体 71的移动的控制， 为了便于操作以及实现控制的快速、 及时， 一般需要辊隙尽量地小， 在这样 的情况下，本发明的锁止装置利用辊轴机构能够实现状态的灵活转换的特点， 能够快速、 可靠地锁止和 放链、 条或带状物体 71。
加压体 3的与辊轴相对的端部优选为弧形， 有助于更好地协助辊轴完成 向上或向下枢转以及锁止动作。
二. 本发明的锁止装置的第二实施例
图 10示出本发明的锁止装置的第二实施例的示意图。该锁止装置包括辊 轴和棘爪， 辊轴能够绕中心轴线回转， 并具有棘齿 601 , 棘爪包括连接部分 603和锁止部分 602,连接部分 603的一端枢转地固定在支点上，另一端与锁 止部分 602的一端铰接， 锁止部分 602的另一端用于与棘齿 601啮合以锁止 所述昆轴。
此外， 该锁止装置还包括致动器， 当需要使棘爪释放辊轴时， 由于该连 接部分 603的一端枢转地固定在支点上而能够枢转，并且铰接点处能够枢转， 因而致动器能够手动地或自动地迅速使棘爪的铰接点向上移动而使连接部分 603和锁止部分 60 2在铰接点处弯折， 从而实现极为快速地使棘爪与辊轴脱 离啮合。
图中所示连接部分 603和锁止部分 602以约 180度的方式连接， 当到达 这个角度时， 连接部分 603和锁止部分 602之间的铰接不能再枢转， 而只能 类似折叠刀一样向内弯折。 不过， 接部分 603和锁止部分 602的连接角度显 然并不以约 180度为限，可以选择在 180度内的多个角度，如 170、 160度等。
利用棘齿的锁止装置能够在工业设备中得到大量应用。 例如， 在电梯系 统中由于普通的棘爪结构难以很好地实现对瞬间行止的控制， 因而电梯系统 中目前对辊轴的控制常用的是抱轴的方式， 但是这种方式有时会导致由于抱 轴不可靠而出现电梯下溜的危险情况，甚至于因此而出现伤亡事故。再例如， 对于船舶的缆绳或锚链， 卷收缆绳或锚链以及锁止辊轴相对容易， 但是释放 缆绳或锚链则要困难得多。 与现有技术相比， 上述第二实施例的锁止装置能 够实现快速地释放辊轴， 因此， 对于要求对棘爪的锁止快速解锁的场合有极 为重要的意义。
三. 用于运载工具安全带的调节装置的实施例
图 11示意性示出相对于运载工具的单人座椅安装的本发明安全带，其中 以三点式安全带为例。 如图所示， 该安全带包括： 织带 71 ; 在靠近乘员肩部 处固定到车体上部的悬吊件 8; 固定于座椅一侧的车体下部的具有锁舌和锁 体的带扣锁 9; 固定于座椅另一侧的车体下部的安全带卷收器 7; 以及， 本发 明的调节装置， 该调节装置设置在卷收器 7的织带进出口处。
请注意，虽然在该示例中本发明的调节装置在卷收器 7的织带进出口处， 但实际上本发明的调节装置可以安装在悬吊件 8与卷收器 7的织带进出口处 之间的任意位置， 例如位于这之间的中部位置， 靠近悬吊器 8的位置， 或者， 直接与悬吊件 8安装在一起或集成为一体， 使悬吊件 8既起悬吊功能又与调 节装置连接在一起。 另外， 本发明调节装置的支撑框架（下文将描述）还可 以为卷收器壳体的一体部分， 从而调节装置集成于卷收器 7中。 作为另一种 实施方式， 当调节装置的支撑框架在所述织带进出口处安装在卷收器 7上， 或者调节装置的支撑框架为卷收器壳体的一体部分时， 本发明的调节装置可 以限定为包括卷收器 7。
图 12示出安装在卷收器 7上的调节装置的透视图， 图 13为该调节装置 的爆炸图，图 14是该调节装置的从穿过第一摆杆和第二摆杆的铰接点和辊轴 棘齿的剖切线截取的剖视图， 图 15 为该调节装置的前壳组件的透视图， 图 16为该调节装置的后壳组件的透视图， 图 17和 18为该调节装置的摆^ ^干的处 于不同状态的透视图。
如图所示， 该实施例中的调节装置包括： 触发器 1 , 其包括滚轮 11、 连 杆状结构 12和拉伸弹簧 13; 惯性重块 2; 加压体 3; 壳体 4作为支撑框架， 包括前壳 41和后壳 42; 支撑板 5, 具有用于引导织带的路径的狭缝， 并用于 安装在卷收器 7上； 以及， 辊轴机构 6。
在该实施例中， 辊轴机构 6采用与锁止装置第一实施例的辊轴机构 6完 全相同的结构， 因此， 对该辊轴机构 6的结构在该实施例中不再详述。
加压体 3的结构可参见图 13、 14、 17和 18, 图 19-22则分别单独示出 零件。 加压体 3包括： 第一摆杆 33和第二摆杆 35; 横杆 31; 大致矩形的摆 杆滑架 36; 与摆杆滑架 36相配的滑道 34; 以及压块 37。
第一摆杆 33和第二摆杆 35组成一对支撑摆杆， 第一和第二摆杆的相邻 端部铰接在一起并形成一摆杆夹角。 摆杆滑架 36 包括两个大致平行的纵向 壁， 在纵向壁的上端各有一个长圓孔， 第一摆杆 33和第二摆杆 35的上面的 非相邻端枢转地连接在横杆 31上， 图示为连接在中间部分上，下面的非相邻 端枢转地连接摆杆滑架 36的位于与长圓孔相反一侧的横向壁。 压块 37枢转 地连接于所述横向壁而与辊轴形成辊隙。横杆 31包括本体和销轴，本体在横 向具有通孔， 供销轴穿过， 销轴的两端分别穿过所述长圓孔而固定在滑道 34 的两侧壁上。 当第一摆杆 33和第二摆杆 35之间的角度变化时， 两摆杆的不 相邻端部之间的距离变化， 因而摆杆滑架 36带着压块 37沿所述长圓孔在滑 道 34上往复移动。 当第一摆杆 33和第二摆杆 35成 180度时，两摆杆的不相 邻端部之间的距离最大。
图示中， 惯性重块 2为圓盘状物体， 安装在摆杆铰接点的销轴 24上， 当 然， 惯性重块 2也可以安装第一摆杆或第二摆杆上， 可以根据需要设计为不 同的形状。 惯性重块 2的作用是当运载工具急速减速或倾斜时以重量的巨大 惯性向第一摆杆和 /或第二摆杆和 /或摆杆铰接点施加力来改变摆杆夹角 , 以 解除压块 37向织带施加的用于锁止该织带的力。惯性重块 2的作用在 PCT 申 请 WO2012/026062中已有了详细说明。 优选地， 参见图 14, 惯性重块 2包 括本体 21和包围本体 21底面和圓周的壳体 22, 并且， 惯性重块 2能够绕位 于其中心的销轴 24自由回转。 重块本体 21可以由铅、 钢或其它金属或合金 制成， 壳体 22由塑料或尼龙等非金属材料制成， 以保护重块本体 21和对其 表面改性， 从而能够改变重块本体 21与其它部分相接触的位置的物质特性。
惯性重块 2的触发灵敏度的调节的一个方面是通过调节整个装置相对水 平方向的倾斜程度来实现的， 而加压体 3的摆杆的往复移动的可靠性、 稳定 性和灵活性可通过优选地设计加压体 3的摆杆的布置方式来改善， 并且， 加 压体 3的摆杆的布置方式的设计也有助于调节惯性重块 2的触发灵敏度。
如图 17和 18所示，虽然第一摆杆 33和第二摆杆 35可以设置为在成 180 度时与加压体的纵轴平行， 但是， 在图示中采用了明显相对于纵轴倾斜的方 式来布置两摆杆。 另外， 还设置了止动部 38, 以当第一摆杆 33和第二摆杆 35成 180度角时支撑铰接点， 该铰接点具有一定的过支撑程度， 从而一般轻 微的晃动并不能破坏这种垂直临界状态。此外，还设置了支撑于横杆 31和和 铰接点处的压缩弹簧 32,促使所述第一摆杆和第二摆杆回复到 180度平衡状 态， 也是为了增加摆杆的往复移动的可靠性、 稳定性和灵活性。
图 23和 24示出两种不同形式的滑道 34, 图 28的加压体的剖视图示出 了滑道 34的安装装置位置。 滑道 34由刚性较大的材料制成， 例如薄钢板等 金属材料，也可以采用刚性较大的塑料等其它非金属材料。滑道 34的下端与 压块 37的后侧面相接触，也就是压块 37的后侧面在滑道 34的下端上往复滑 动。 在图 23中滑道 34的下端安装的是可枢转的滚轮， 而图 24中滑道 34的 下端是与压块 34的后侧面的角度相配的斜面。在图 28中滑道 34的下端采用 的是斜面， 如图所示， 加压体 3的主平面 P1 , 也可以说是穿过加压体 3的轴 线的主平面 P1与压块 37的后侧面所成的角度在 15-40度之间， 优选是 30 度， 相应地， 滑道 34的下端与其主平面 P2成与所述后侧面相配合的角度。 之所以设置滑道 34, 以及滑道 34的下端为何要采用上述的示例形状， 均是 为了使加压体 34更灵活、 可靠地往复移动， 并且增加压块 37在对织带 71 加压时的刚性， 以使所施加的力量能够保持足够强大， 以致趋向于材料和结 构所能承受的最大极限。
如图 14所示， 触发器 1用于触发惯性重块 2移动， 使第一摆杆 33和第 二摆杆 35偏离 180度而处于失失衡状态，从而加大辊隙，以使锁止装置释放 织带 71。 再参见图 29A、 29B和 29C, 触发器 1的连杆状结构 12的一端枢 转地固定于图 23和 24所示的滑道的向两侧突出的支座， 另一端的滚轮 11 抵靠织带 71 , 拉伸弹簧 13使滚轮 11具有对织带 11的压力， 该压力可以根 据设计的实际需要来确定。
优选地， 触发器 1还具有压力调节器， 其图 12、 15和 29所示包括螺釘 14和螺母 15 ,螺釘 14穿过设置在前壳 41上的固定支耳的孔而支承该支耳上， 螺母 15的连接部穿过在前壳 41的狭槽，并且与拉伸弹簧 13的一端连接，通 过旋转螺釘 14就可以使螺母 15沿狭槽移动，从而调节拉伸弹簧 13的预压力。
连杆状结构 12是通过朝向惯性重块 2突出的凸出部来推动惯性重块 2。 图 29A、 29B和 29C示出了连杆状结构 12推动惯性重块 2的不同形式， 图 25-26示出具有不同凸出部的单独连杆状结构 12, 如图所示， 所述凸出部可 以图 26所示的片状，也可以是图 27所示的大致方框状，还可以是图 25所示 的楔形。 优选地， 片状和大致方框状凸出部在推动惯性重块 2时是与其圓周 边缘接触， 而该楔形凸出部是与用于固定惯性重块 2的销轴接触。 采用大致 方框状凸出部能够增加凸出部的刚性， 以利于保持凸出部的形状， 使凸出部 与惯性重块 2接触的角度更稳定， 这对于精确控制本发明调节装置的操作是 很有益处的。
辊轴本体 63、 压块 37、 滑架 36、 摆杆 33和 35、 横杆 31、 滚轮 11优选 地由尼龙或者塑料制成， 例如可以采用 ABS树脂。
辊轴、 滚轮 11、 惯性重块 2、 加压体 3等的旋转回转支撑部位优选地均 设置滚动轴 例如滚动轴 7 69、 39和 16, 以使转动灵活、 平稳。 例如， 参见图 14, 在重块本体 21的销轴孔的上、 下端口均设置了滚动轴承， 再参 见图 2A、 4和 7, 在辊轴本体 63的轴孔两端也分别设置了沉孔 6301 , 用于 安装滚动轴承 69。
图 12和 14分别是调节装置组装好后的透视图和剖视图。在该实施例中， 当使用者抽拉织带 71时， 由于向上移动的织带 71对辊轴施加压力， 4艮容易 就使具有摩擦性表面 64的辊轴向上枢转， 从而在压块 36与辊轴之间的辊隙 增大。无论加压体 3的摆杆之间的角度如何，在抽拉织带 71时辊隙都不会锁 的棘齿 6301形成啮合， 因而辊轴能够始终保持回转。 另外， 在抽拉时， 因为 抽拉力与卷收器 7的卷收力的作用方向相反， 因而在抽出的织带会形成为绷 紧状态， 此时， 触发器的滚轮 11抵靠织带 71的表面， 在拉伸弹簧 13的作用 下会对织带有压力。
一旦使用者停止抽拉，则由于卷收器 7的卷收力以及织带 71与摩擦性表 面 64的摩擦力， 辊轴会因迅速受到反转的力而与棘爪 62啮合， 从而瞬间停 止回转， 并主要因受到向下的摩擦力而使辊轴和辊轴支杆 66—起向下枢转， 这样辊隙就会越来越小，直至织带 71的两侧面同时受到辊轴和压块的前侧面 的压力。 此时， 第一摆杆 33和第二摆杆 35之间仍处于 180度对齐状态， 触 发器 1在拉伸弹簧 13的拉力作用对织带 71有一定的压力，并逐渐向下枢转， 压着织带 71而朝壳体 42和支撑板 5枢转。 随触发器 1逐渐向下枢转， 拉伸 弹簧 13的拉力逐渐变小。 在触发器 1的连杆状结构 12的凸出部推动惯性重 块从而使摆杆失稳之前，压块 37与辊轴摩擦性表面 64对织带 71所施加的压 力会将织带 71夹住而将其锁止。
本领域技术人员可以根据实际需要来设计触发器 1对织带 71所施加的压 力的大小，以及可以根据实际需要来设计连杆状结构 12的凸出部在触发器 1 处于什么样的状态时使摆杆失稳。
本实施例的调节装置可以调节为当使用者拉出织带 71较多时，例如使用 者将安全带的带扣锁 9扣好后织带 71的长度比织带 71刚好系在身上的长度 多出 10-60厘米时，触发器 1就会一直向下枢转直到连杆状结构 12的凸出部 推动惯性重块 2而带动摆杆铰接点移动， 使第一摆杆 33和第二摆杆 35失稳 而弯折， 这样压块 37就会回缩， 调节装置就会由将织带 71夹住的锁止状态 转变为松开织带 71的释放状态， 从而织带 71在卷收器 7的卷收力的作用下 回抽。 并且， 织带 71回抽的力会对压块 37产生作用， 因而在织带 71回抽的 过程中织带 71会压迫压块 37而使第一摆杆 33和第二摆杆 35保持在弯折状 态。
本实施例的调节装置可以调节为当使用者拉出织带 71较少时，例如使用 者将安全带的带扣锁 9扣好后织带 71的长度比织带 71刚好系在身上的长度 多出 10-60厘米时， 触发器 1的滚轮 11停靠在织带 71上， 连杆状结构 12的 凸出部接触惯性重块 2,但不会推动惯性重块 2而使第一摆杆 33和第二摆杆 35失稳。
触发器 1的触发力度受本发明结构的多种因素影响， 包括： 拉伸弹簧 13 的拉力；连杆状结构 12的凸出部的形状和位置；惯性重块 2的与连杆状结构 12的凸出部接触的接触部位； 惯性重块 2的接触部位与连杆状结构 12的凸 出部的接触部位之间所成的角度； 以及， 第一摆杆 33和第二摆杆 35的过支 撑程度， 即第一摆杆 33和第二摆杆 35的抗失稳能力。
另一方面， 在织带 71回抽时， 除受到卷收器 7的卷收力外，还受到拉出 的织带自身的重力，以及与织带 71接触的部件对织带的摩擦力。本发明能够 利用上述摩擦力更细微地调整触发器 1的触发。 在本发明的实施例中， 在上 述摩擦力中悬吊件 8与织带 71之间的摩擦力是主要的摩擦力，该摩擦力受织 带 71的柔软度和重力的影响， 拉出的织带 1的量不同， 织带 1与悬吊件 8 的接触角度、接触面积和力度就会不同，从而摩擦力的大小就会细微地变化。 当拉出织带 1较多时， 悬吊件 8与织带 71之间的摩擦力会稍小一点儿， 而当 拉出较少时， 悬吊件 8与织带 71之间的摩擦力会相对稍大一点儿。 虽然该摩 擦力的大小的变化是相当细微的， 但经实验证明足以被用于调整触发器 1的 触发。 如前所述， 通过对影响触发力度的各因素进行综合， 能够得到调整触 发器 1的最终触发力度， 由此， 本发明的实施例能够利用上述摩擦力来实现 当拉出织带 71较多时，触发器 1会触发第一和第二摆杆 33和 35失稳，从而 织带 71回抽， 而当拉出织带 71较少时，触发器 1的连杆状结构 12的凸出部 会与惯性重块 2接触但不会触发第一和第二摆杆 33和 35失稳。
通过调整触发器 1的触发力度， 优选地， 该触发器可以在织带拉出较少 即刚好松弛的状态下在使用者仅感到 0-0.1磅之间的压力时不会触发第一和 第二摆杆 33和 35失稳， 也就是说， 本发明的调节装置能够做到在织带拉出 较少即刚好松弛的状态下使安全带具有 "零压迫感"。
如果手动地限制触发器 1不抵靠惯性重块 2,或者取消触发器 1 ,那么在 拉出织带 71后， 一旦停止抽拉织带 71 , 压块 37和辊轴就会夹住织带 71而 将织带锁止，织带 71不能回抽，除非手动使摆杆失稳或者惯性重块 2自动使 摆杆失稳。
在本发明的调节装置将织带 71锁止后，如果运载工具急速减速，那么惯 性重块 2在惯性的作用下就会向前急速移动，这样就带动第一和第二摆杆 33 和 35脱离平衡状态， 压块 37沿滑道 34回缩， 因而辊隙松开织带 71 , 在卷 收器 7的卷收力的作用下， 织带 71迅速回抽。 当然， 惯性重块 2的触发灵敏 度， 也就是运载工具在急速减速达到怎样的程度才会使惯性重块 2触发第一 和第二摆杆 33和 35脱离平衡状态， 可以通过从整体上调整惯性重块 2的倾 斜程度以及具体设计加压体 3的摆杆的布置方式来确定。
如果发生碰撞事故这样的急速减速， 那么不仅惯性重块 2使第一和第二 摆杆 33和 35脱离平衡状态， 辊隙松开织带 71 , 而且卷收器 7会迅速锁止织 带 71以使安全带对使用者起保护作用。 如果拉出的织带 71过长， 那么， 因 本发明调节装置已解锁，所以卷收器 7还可能在锁止前迅速卷收回一段织带。
对于本发明的具有调节装置的安全带， 如果单独依靠使用者自己拉动织 带 71来控制织带 71的长度以实现在上述实施例的安全带中将织带 71锁止， 那么虽然操作也很容易， 并不繁瑣， 但毕竟需要使用者集中思想来操作， 因 而， 为了更方便地使用本发明的具有调节装置的安全带， 定量地控制织带 71 的松弛长度， 并且为了筒单化、 程序化本发明安全带的操作， 本发明的调节 装置还可包括弹性压缩部件 10。 图 10示意性示出本发明实施例的弹性压缩 部件 10的安装位置， 而图 31和 32则分别示出了弹性压缩部件 10的正视图 和剖视图。
弹性压缩部件 10优选地与带扣锁 9固定地连接，或者也可以与带扣锁 9 集成为一体。 在图 10中， 弹性压缩部件 10在带扣锁 9的下部， 连接于运载 工具的本体或者座椅的本体， 但弹性压缩部件 10也可以是锁扣 92的一部分 或者是锁体 91的一部分。
如图 31和 32所示， 弹性压缩部件 10包括： 连杆 101 , 其与锁体 91固 定地连接； 壳体 102, 连杆 101穿过壳体前端的孔而容纳于壳体 102中； 以 及压缩弹簧 106, 连杆 101的下端氏靠压缩弹簧 106。 在该弹性压缩部件 10 中， 压缩弹簧 106的压缩距离可以设计为从 10-60厘米的范围中选取， 优选 例如为 40厘米。
使用者在将织带 71刚好系在身上并扣好带扣锁 9后， 或者在将织带 71 拉出太多而被卷收回卷收器 7并且扣好带扣锁 9后， 使用者再向下按一下带 扣锁 9,与带扣锁 9固定连接的弹性压缩部分 10的压缩弹簧 106就会被压缩， 因而织带 71就会被多拉出一小段长度， 例如为 40厘米。 如前所述， 在拉出 这一小段后， 本发明的调节装置能够实现触发器 1不会触发加压体 3的摆杆 失稳， 而辊隙则牢牢地夹住织带 71不会回抽， 这样， 附着在使用者身上的织 带 71就是松弛的， 使用者根本感觉不到织带 71的压力， 不会象现有技术的 安全带那样让使用者感到强烈的压迫感。
在图示中，采了压缩弹簧 106来实现对进一步拉出织带 71的长度的控制， 但是，本领域技术人员很容易就能够理解，还可以利用拉伸弹簧来与连杆 101 进行配合， 这很容易设计和实现， 只要能够实现连杆 101被向下压缩后再自 动复位即可。
优选地， 弹性压缩部件 10还可以包括密封装置 104, 该密封装置例如 为密封圏。 该密封装置 104在连杆 101的尾挡部 105的外壁与壳体 102的内 壁之间起密封作用。 此外， 在尾挡部 105处还开有至少一个通孔 107, 该孔 的直径可以为 0.3-1毫米， 例如为 0.4毫米。 这样， 在壳体 102中的用于容纳 压缩弹簧 105的空间就成为一个仅利用通孔 107与外界通气的空间， 由此， 在将连杆 101压下后， 即使有弹簧 105, 连杆 101也不会迅速上弹， 而只能 緩步上升。 通过这样控制连杆 107的移动， 能够实现连杆 101在压下后不会 迅速上弹，避免因迅速上弹带来的对织带 71位置状态的影响，从而避免影响 触发器 1的操作。
在前述示例中， 通孔 107设置于尾挡部 105,但无论是采用压缩弹簧还 是拉伸弹簧， 通孔 107也可以设置在其它部分， 如壳体 102的壁， 只要能够 实现上述技术效果即可。
此外， 作为一种供选择的配置， 如图 32所示， 弹性压缩部件 10还可 以包括阻尼弹簧 103, 该阻尼弹簧 103使弹性压缩部件 10能够在织带 71受 到人体巨大拉力的情况下阻尼地伸长，緩沖身体与织带 71的沖撞，从而在保 证安全带起保护作用的同时避免织带本身对使用者造成身体伤害， 也就是减 少甚至避免安全带的所谓 "二次伤害"。 阻尼弹簧 103 可以与压缩弹簧 106 一起设置在弹性压缩部件 10中，也可以单独设置一个包括阻尼弹簧 103的阻 尼伸长装置。 在图 32所示结构中， 如果不设置阻尼弹簧 103, 则连杆 101应 被设置成在未向下压缩之前时受壳体 102限制而不能向上移动。
在图 32所示结构中， 阻尼弹簧 103是压缩弹簧， 显然， 本领域技术人 员根据阻尼弹簧 103的作用也可以将其设计为拉伸弹簧， 只需要将阻尼弹簧 103连接于连杆 101的尾部使得在连杆 101受到拉力时拉伸阻尼弹簧 103即 可。
对于弹簧 105、 阻尼弹簧 103以及连杆 101的具体配置形式， 本领域技 术人员可以根据弹簧 105和阻尼弹簧 103所起的作用进行具体设计， 图示以 及前述的实施方式均是示例性的。 由于利用连杆和弹簧来实现压缩后复位以 及实现阻尼伸长而起緩沖作用的原理并不复杂， 具体的结构设计可以利用现 有技术的各种结构在图示以及前述的实施方式上做各种修改、 组合和替换， 结构也并不复杂， 因而在前面说明的基础上做出各种变化都是本领域技术人 员不用付出创造性劳动就能够实现的。
当然， 在本发明的安全带中， 不仅可以设置这种包括阻尼弹簧 103 的 阻尼伸长装置， 还可以设置其它形式的用于减少或避免 "二次伤害" 的阻尼 伸长装置， 可以根据具体的设计需要而设置于安全带的任何适当的部件中， 例如带扣锁、 悬吊件， 甚至于可以直接构成为织带的一部分， 只要求该阻尼 伸长装置能够在受到人体巨大拉力时阻尼地伸长。
由上述可知， 操作本发明的带有上述调节装置的安全带可以筒单地、 程 序化地进行如下操作：
1. 拉动织带， 扣好带扣锁， 如织带拉出过长， 则织带会自动回抽；
2. 向下按动带扣锁， 使织带再拉出一小段。
通过以上筒单的操作， 就可以 4艮容易地实现安全带对身体无压迫感， 并 且对安全带起保护作用不会产生任何安全隐患。
为了使本发明的调节装置更可靠、 更方便地操作， 本申请发明人还提出 了对卷收器的卷簧进行改进的构思。 在现有技术的卷收器中， 卷簧的弹力是 变化，拉出织带越长， 卷收力越大，但是卷收器这样的性能并不利于更可靠、 更方便地操作、 安装和制造本发明的调节装置。 对于本发明来说， 如果卷收 力无论织带拉出是长还是短均基本一致， 那么对于操作、 安装和制造本发明 的调节装置来说要更容易一些。 由此， 发明人提出一种变截面的卷簧， 即， 卷簧的簧片是变截面的， 使得无论卷簧的变形是大还是小， 卷收力均基本一 致。
卷簧簧片变截面可以是卷簧簧片沿纵向具有相等的厚度， 但宽度逐渐缩 小； 或者， 卷簧簧片沿纵向具有不变的宽度， 但厚度逐渐缩小。 在图 30中， 示意性示出宽度逐渐缩小的卷簧簧片， 如图所示， 从左端到右端， 展开的卷 簧簧片的宽度逐渐缩小。
上述实施例中示出的调节装置是以安装在运载工具的座椅的右侧的调节 装置为例来说明的，例如图示的连杆状结构 12的凸出部的位置就是只适合于 安装在右侧的调节装置， 滑架 36的止动部 38也是只适合于安装在右侧的调 节装置。 根据调节装置是安装在运载工具的座椅的左侧还是右侧， 调节装置 在结构上对应地设置成左侧调节装置和右侧调节装置。
通过上面对本发明的调节装置的实施例的说明， 本领域技术人员能够理 解本发明的调节装置能够利用理论上无穷大的摆杆力来锁止织带， 同时又能 在弱小信号力作用下轻松、 自动地解锁，实现安全带对使用者的"零压迫感"， 并且调节装置的运作灵活、 可靠， 本发明的安全带的操作容易、 筒单、 程序 化。
以上示例性地本发明锁止装置、 调节装置及安全带进行了说明， 对于本 发明锁止装置、 调节装置及安全带的具体特征如形状、 尺寸可根据上述披露 的特征的作用进行具体设计， 这些设计均是本领域技术人员能够实现的。 另 外， 本领域技术人员还可以对上述披露的各种实施方式的特征进行同一实施 本发明之目的为准。 本发明之保护范围以本申请权利要求之内容为准。

Claims

权利要求
1. 一种锁止装置， 用于控制可移动的链、 条或带状物体， 包括： 用于安装的支撑框架；
辊轴， 带有摩擦性表面或者带有链齿节槽， 该辊轴具有棘齿， 并且该辊 轴沿轴向的至少一部分长度具有摩擦性表面或者链齿节槽， 该辊轴能够绕其 轴线回转， 并与支杆固定地连接， 而该支杆的一端可枢转地连接在所述支撑 框架上；
棘爪， 设置在所述辊轴的上方， 并能够绕一端枢转； 以及
与所述辊轴沿横向方向相对的加压体， 在所述辊轴与所述加压体之间形 成供所述链、 条或带状物体通过的辊隙， 所述加压体是可移动的， 以向所述 链、 条或带状物体施加力，
其中，
当所述辊轴处于不受加压体和所述物体的压力的中间状态时， 所述辊轴 能够自由回转；
当所述链、 条或带状物体向下移动并且所述加压体对着所述链、 条或带 状物体施压进而对所述辊轴施压时， 所述辊轴与所述支杆一起向下枢转， 直 至设置在所述支撑框架上的接触座上的棘齿与所述辊轴的棘齿啮合而阻止所 述辊轴回转， 从而能够将所述链、 条或带状物体夹住而将其锁止； 以及
当所述链、 条或带状物体向上移动并且所述加压体松开所述链、 条或带 状物体时， 所述辊轴与所述支杆一起向上枢转， 直至所述辊轴的棘齿抵靠所 述棘爪， 而当所述链、 条或带状物体改变方向向下移动时， 所述棘爪与所述 辊轴的棘齿啮合而阻止所述辊轴回转， 并且随所述辊轴向下枢转而进一步脱 离与所述辊轴的棘齿的啮合。
2. 如权利要求 1所述的锁止装置， 其中， 所述加压体的与所述辊轴相对
3. 如权利要求 1所述的锁止装置， 其中， 所 束爪带有弹性件， 该弹性 件对所述棘爪施加向下的预压力。
4. 一种锁止装置， 用于控制辊轴的回转， 包括：
辊轴， 该辊轴具有棘齿， 能够绕轴线回转； 以及
棘爪， 该棘爪包括连接部分和锁止部分， 所述连接部分的一端枢转地固 定， 另一端与所述锁止部分的一端铰接， 所述锁止部分的另一端用于与所述 棘齿啮合而锁止所述辊轴； 以及
致动器， 当需要使所述棘爪释放所述辊轴从而所述辊轴能够回转时， 该 致动器手动地或自动地迅速使所述棘爪在铰接点处弯折， 从而快速使所述棘 爪与所述辊轴脱离啮合。
5. 如权利要求 4所述的锁止装置， 其中， 所述辊轴用于卷绕和释放柔性 链、 条或带状物体， 当需要所述辊轴回转以卷绕或释放所述链、 条或带状物 体时， 所述致动器手动地或自动地迅速使所述棘爪在铰接点处弯折， 从而快 速使所i束爪与所述辊轴脱离啮合。
6. 一种用于运载工具安全带的调节装置， 所述调节装置包括： 用于安装的支撑框架；
带有摩擦性表面的辊轴， 该辊轴具有棘齿， 并且该辊轴沿轴向的至少一 部分长度具有摩擦性表面，该辊轴能够绕其轴线回转，并与支杆固定地连接， 而该支杆的一端可枢转地连接在所述支撑框架上；
棘爪， 设置在所述辊轴的上方；
加压体， 包括由第一摆杆和第二摆杆组成的一对支撑摆杆， 所述第一和 第二摆杆的相邻端部铰接在一起并形成一摆杆夹角， 所述第一和第二摆杆的 一个非相邻端部固定不动， 而另一非相邻端部因摆^ ^干夹角变化而可动， 所述 另一相邻端部与所述辊轴在横向方向上相对， 在所述辊轴与所述另一非相邻 端部之间形成供所述安全带的织带通过的辊隙； 以及
致动器， 所述致动器向第一摆杆和 /或第二摆杆和 /或摆杆铰接点施加力 来改变该摆杆夹角， 以解除所述另一非相邻端部向所述织带施加的用于锁止 所述织带的力，
其中，
当第一摆杆和第二摆杆处在 180度垂直对齐的状态时， 所述另一非相邻 端部使所述辊隙最小而对所述织带施加压力，从而夹住所述织带而将其锁止， 当在较小的信号力作用下通过致动器改变该摆杆夹角时， 所述另一非相邻端 部能够释放所述织带，
其中，
当所述辊轴处于不受加压体和织带的压力的中间状态时， 所述辊轴能够 自由回转；
当所述织带在卷收器的作用下向下移动并且所述另一非相邻端部对着所 述织带施压进而对所述辊轴施压时， 所述辊轴与所述支杆一起向下枢转， 直 至设置在所述支撑框架上的接触座上的棘齿与所述辊轴的棘齿啮合而阻止所 述辊轴回转， 从而能够将所述织带夹住而锁止； 以及
当所述织带被抽动而向上移动并且所述另一非相邻端松开所述织带时， 所述辊轴与所述支杆一起向上枢转， 直至所述辊轴的棘齿抵靠设置在所述辊 轴上方的能够绕轴枢转的棘爪， 而当所述织带在卷收器的作用下改变方向向 下移动时， 所述棘爪与所述辊轴的棘齿啮合而阻止所述辊轴回转， 并且随所 述辊轴向下枢转而进一步脱离与所述辊轴的棘齿的啮合。
7. 如权利要求 6所述的调节装置， 其中， 所述致动器为安装在第一摆杆 和 /或第二摆杆和 /或摆杆铰接点上的惯性重块， 特别地， 所述惯性重块为圓 盘状物体， 更具体地， 所述惯性重块能够绕位于其中心的安装轴自由回转。
8. 如权利要求 6所述的调节装置，还包括用于触发致动器的触发器， 该 触发器促使所述第一摆杆和第二摆杆偏离 180度而处于失失衡状态。
9. 如权利要求 8所述的调节装置， 其中， 所述触发器包括连杆状结构和 弹性件， 该连杆状结构的一端枢转地固定于所述支撑框架上， 另一端氏靠所 述织带， 该弹性件使所述另一端具有对所述织带的预压力， 并且，
所述连杆状结构还包括朝向所述惯性重块突出的凸出部， 该凸出部能够 在所述连杆状结构在所述连杆结构枢转到一定程度时推动所述惯性重块， 使 所述惯性重块失衡， 凸出部优选地沿径向推压所述惯性重块的圓周部分， 优 选地， 该凸出部能够在安全带使使用者仅感到 0-0.1磅之间的压力时不会推 动所述惯性重块达到失衡状态。
10. 如权利要求 6所述的调节装置， 其中， 所述另一非相邻端的与所述
11. 如权利要求 6所述的调节装置， 其中， 所述棘爪带有弹性件， 该弹 性件对所述棘爪施加向下的预压力。
12. 如权利要求 6所述的调节装置， 还包括用于引导所述织带的狭缝， 该狭缝与所述辊隙间隔开， 并且位于所述辊隙上方， 从而使所述织带沿着该 狭缝和所述辊隙之间的路径移动。
13. 如权利要求 6所述的调节装置， 其中， 包括所述第一摆杆和第二摆 杆的所述加压体的主平面与水平面成 10度至 80度之间的角度， 尤其为 60 度、 65度、 70度或 75度， 所述另一非相邻端部靠近所述辊轴， 使得当所述 第一摆杆和第二摆杆趋向于 180度时所述辊隙逐渐变小。
14. 如权利要求 6所述的调节装置， 其中， 所述加压体还包括大致矩形 的摆杆滑架、 压块和横杆， 所述大致矩形的摆杆滑架包括两个大致平行的纵 向壁， 在所述纵向壁的上端各有一个长圓孔， 所述第一摆杆和第二摆杆的所 述一个非相邻端枢转地连接在所述横杆上， 所述另一个非相邻端枢转地连接 所述摆杆滑架的位于与所述长圓孔相反一侧的横向壁， 所述压块枢转地连接 于所述横向壁而与所述辊轴形成所述辊隙， 所述横杆的两端分别穿过所述长 圓孔而固定在所述支撑框架上， 从而当所述第一摆杆和第二摆杆之间的角度 变化时， 所述摆杆滑架带着所述压块沿所述长圓孔移动， 优选地， 所述加压 体还包括设置在所述摆杆滑架上促使所述第一摆杆和第二摆杆回复到 180度 平衡状态的弹性件。
15. 如权利要求 14所述的调节装置， 其中， 所述加压体还包括滑道， 该 滑道安装在所述支撑框架上，其下端相对于其主平面成 16-40度之间的角度， 优选是 30度，相应地，所述压力块的后侧面与所述摆杆滑架和和压块组成的 构件的主平面也成与该角度相等的角度， 所述压力块的后侧面支承在所述滑 道的下端上滑动。
16. 如权利要求 14所述的调节装置， 其中， 所述加压体还包括在铰接点 处布置的止挡部， 用于在所述第一摆杆和第二摆杆回复到 180度平衡状态时 止挡所述铰接点， 使得所述第一摆杆和第二摆杆的铰接处具有一定的过支撑 程度， 优选地， 所述第一摆杆和第二摆杆相对于所述两个大致平行的纵向壁 倾斜地安装。
17. 如权利要求 6所述的调节装置， 还包括弹性压缩部件， 该弹性压缩 部件设置于安全带的固定于座椅一侧的锁体处或者设置为安全带的锁舌的一 部分， 从而使用者在使安全带的锁舌与该锁体卡扣好后能够通过压缩该弹性 压缩部件将锁舌和锁体向下压缩 10-60mm, 随后该弹性压缩部件能复位。
18. 如权利要求 6所述的调节装置， 其中， 所述弹性压缩部件包括壳体、 弹簧和连杆， 所述弹簧容纳于所述壳体中， 所述连杆的一端固定地与所述锁 体或锁舌连接， 所述连杆的一部分穿过所述壳体的孔而容纳于所述壳体中， 并且所述连杆与所述弹簧连接而能被向下压缩。
19. 如权利要求 16所述的调节装置， 其中， 所述弹性压缩部件还包括阻 尼弹性件， 从而在安全带的织带受到巨大拉力的情况下所述弹性压缩部件能 够阻尼地伸长。
20. 如权利要求 17-19所述的调节装置， 其中， 所述壳体是封闭的， 仅 有小孔与外界通气， 使得所述连杆在被向下压缩后只能緩慢地复位。
21. 如权利要求 17-19所述的调节装置， 其中， 所述支杆具有利用密封 装置与所述壳体的内壁密封的尾挡部， 该尾挡部抵压所述弹簧， 并且该尾挡 部的外径大于邻近处的支杆外径， 在该尾挡部还具有通孔， 使得容纳所述弹 簧的空间成为仅有所述通孔与外界通气的空间， 以使所述连杆在被向下压缩 后只能緩慢地复位。
22. 如权利要求 6所述的调节装置， 其中， 所述安全带还包括安装在运 载工具上供织带穿过并支承织带的悬吊件。
23. 如权利要求 6所述的调节装置， 其中， 所述安全带包括悬吊于运载 工具上的将安全带上端固定于乘员肩部附近的悬吊件、 以及靠近座椅一侧的 下部的用于向内回收安全带的回收卷收器， 所述调节装置布置于自悬吊件直 到回收卷收器之间的任一位置， 优选地， 所述调节装置直接安装在卷收器的 上部。
24. 如权利要求 6所述的调节装置， 其中， 所述支撑框架为卷收器的一 部分， 从而所述调节装置集成于卷收器中。
25. 如权利要求 6所述的调节装置， 还包括卷收器， 所述支撑框架在所 述织带进出的口部处安装在卷收器上， 或者所述支撑框架为卷收器壳体的一 体部分。
26. 一种用于机动车座椅的安全带， 包括卷收器和如权利要求 6-22中任 一项所述的调节装置， 所述调节装置布置于自悬吊件直到回收卷收器之间的 任一位置， 或者所述调节装置的安装框架就是卷收器的一部分而使得所述调 节装置集成于卷收器中。
27.如权利要求 26所述的安全带，其中，所述卷收器的卷簧具有变截面， 使得所述卷簧无论变形大小均具有基本相同的弹性， 从而当安全带的织带在 被拉出期间或被卷收期间受到所述卷簧相同的作用力。
28. 如权利要求 27所述的安全带， 其中， 所述卷簧的簧片沿纵向具有相 等的厚度，但宽度逐渐缩小； 或者， 所述卷簧的簧片沿纵向具有不变的宽度， 但厚度逐渐缩小。
PCT/CN2013/074327 2013-04-17 2013-04-17 锁止装置、运载工具安全带调节装置以及运载工具安全带 Ceased WO2014169452A1 (zh)

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BR112015026322A2 (pt) 2017-07-25
EP2987687A4 (en) 2016-12-14
EP2987687A1 (en) 2016-02-24
KR20160040455A (ko) 2016-04-14
CN105121235B (zh) 2017-04-19
CA2909549C (en) 2018-01-30
RU2622525C2 (ru) 2017-06-16
US9821760B2 (en) 2017-11-21
JP2016520472A (ja) 2016-07-14
JP6186497B2 (ja) 2017-08-23
KR101766480B1 (ko) 2017-08-08
CN105121235A (zh) 2015-12-02
RU2015148994A (ru) 2017-05-22
US20160082921A1 (en) 2016-03-24

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