WO2014180119A1 - 聚氯乙烯改性剂、组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
聚氯乙烯改性剂、组合物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014180119A1 WO2014180119A1 PCT/CN2013/087977 CN2013087977W WO2014180119A1 WO 2014180119 A1 WO2014180119 A1 WO 2014180119A1 CN 2013087977 W CN2013087977 W CN 2013087977W WO 2014180119 A1 WO2014180119 A1 WO 2014180119A1
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a polyvinyl chloride modifier, a composition and a process for the preparation thereof, in particular, a polyvinyl chloride modifier having a high elongation at break, a polyvinyl chloride composition having good low temperature toughness, and a process for preparing the same.
- Background technique a polyvinyl chloride modifier having a high elongation at break, a polyvinyl chloride composition having good low temperature toughness, and a process for preparing the same.
- polyvinyl chloride (PVC) resin has the following disadvantages: 1. Poor processing properties; 2. Poor low temperature impact strength; 3. Poor thermal stability; 4. Poor low temperature toughness.
- various methods have been invented to improve the disadvantages of polyvinyl chloride resins, such as: adding processing aids to improve the processing properties of polyvinyl chloride resins; adding impact modifiers to improve the low temperature impact properties of polyvinyl chloride resins; A heat stabilizer is added to improve the thermal stability of the polyvinyl chloride resin.
- the low temperature toughness problem of polyvinyl chloride resins has not been well solved so far.
- the problem of toughness of polyvinyl chloride resin has become a major obstacle to the development of polyvinyl chloride resins.
- PE polyethylene
- polyvinyl chloride products are difficult to replace wood
- the root cause of this phenomenon is that polyvinyl chloride has low elongation at break and poor toughness.
- PVC doors and windows are prone to cracking of the solder joints in winters with very low temperatures.
- the main reason is also due to the low elongation at break and poor toughness of polyvinyl chloride.
- the present invention abandons the above misunderstandings.
- the toughness of the rigid unplasticized polyvinyl chloride composition is closely related to the elongation at break of the blend of polyvinyl chloride and polyvinyl chloride toughening modifiers. .
- the higher the elongation at break of the polyvinyl chloride composition the better the toughness.
- the toughness of the polyvinyl chloride composition is related to the elongation at break of the polyvinyl chloride toughening modifier.
- the higher the elongation at break of the polyvinyl chloride toughening modifier the higher the plasticized polyvinyl chloride composition.
- the elongation at break is higher. Therefore, in order to improve the toughness of the plasticized polyvinyl chloride-free composition, it is necessary to increase the elongation at break of the polyvinyl chloride toughening modifier.
- the elongation at break of the toughening modifier is increased to 2200% due to the limitation of the structure of the synthesis reactor of the polyvinyl chloride toughening modifier, it is extremely difficult to further increase the elongation at break. This is because when the high elongation of the toughening modifier is produced, since the viscosity of the reaction solution is too high, to achieve the desired dispersion effect of the chlorine gas and the reaction solution, high stirring strength and stirring speed are required; the former reaction The kettle is only equipped with a stirring slurry with a fixed upper end and a free end. This reactor is prone to sloshing of the stirring slurry and vibration of the reaction kettle at high stirring strength and high stirring speed, which is prone to production accidents.
- the present invention can greatly increase the agitation strength by using an improved reaction vessel, and at the same time, using a high-density polyethylene (HDPE) raw material having a smaller particle size, the elongation at break of the toughening modifier can be increased to more than 2201%.
- HDPE high-density polyethylene
- One object of the present invention is to provide a polyvinyl chloride composition which produces a polyvinyl chloride article having good low temperature toughness.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a polyvinyl chloride composition, which has a simple process and can control the elongation at break of the rubber powder by adjusting the reaction conditions, thereby controlling the low temperature toughness of the polyvinyl chloride composition. .
- the present invention achieves the above objects by the following technical solutions: N2013/087977
- the present invention provides a polyvinyl chloride composition comprising, by weight, the following components:
- the toughening modifier has an elongation at break of more than 2201% and a chlorine content of 5 to 45 wt%. Rubber powder;
- the elongation at break is determined by GB/T528-2009;
- the chlorine content by weight is determined by Method A of GB/T7139-2002.
- the polyvinyl chloride composition according to the present invention preferably, by weight, further comprises the following components:
- the polyvinyl chloride resin is a polyvinyl chloride homopolymer or a polyvinyl chloride copolymer
- the polyvinyl chloride copolymer comprises 80 99.99% of vinyl chloride units and 0.01-20% of units formed of other monomers;
- the other monomers selected from vinyl acetate, propylene, styrene, acrylic Yue group d ⁇ C 12 alkyl ester, one or more d ⁇ c l2 alkyl with acrylic acid esters.
- the toughening modifier is selected from the group consisting of chlorinated polyethylene, chlorinated polyethylene and (fluorenyl) acrylate. Copolymer, or a mixture of chlorinated polyethylene and (meth) acrylate polymer.
- the weight percentage of the alkyl (meth)acrylate is based on the total weight of the toughening modifier. 0 ⁇ 50wt%.
- the polyvinyl chloride composition according to the present invention preferably,
- the stabilizer is selected from the group consisting of an organotin heat stabilizer, a calcium zinc stabilizer or a lead salt stabilizer;
- the filler is selected from the group consisting of calcium carbonate, talc or white carbon black;
- the acrylate-containing polymer is selected from the group consisting of copolymers containing alkyl methacrylate and alkyl acrylate;
- the impact modifier is selected from the group consisting of methyl methacrylate, styrene and butadiene;
- the lubricant is selected from the group consisting of oxidized polyethylene wax, polyethylene wax, paraffin wax, stearic acid, stearic acid monoglyceride, pentaerythritol stearate, pentaerythritol adipate or calcium stearate; It is selected from titanium dioxide, carbon black, ultramarine pigment or fluorescent whitening agent.
- the present invention also provides a method for preparing the above polyvinyl chloride composition, which comprises the steps of preparing a toughening modifier, as follows:
- a hydrochloric acid-resistant reactor equipped with a stirring paddle, 0.01-1.00 parts by weight of a dispersing agent, 0.01-1.00 part by weight of an emulsifier, and then a dispersion medium are added, so that the dispersing agent, the emulsifier and the dispersion are mediocre
- the total weight is 250 parts by weight; further adding 15 to 40 parts by weight of high density polyethylene, 0,01 to 0.5 parts by weight of the initiator, and raising the temperature of the reaction material to a stirring speed of 30 300 rpm to 80 ⁇ 135°C; then start to pass 5 25 parts by weight of chlorine gas, the speed of chlorine gas should be kept steady rising, but not higher than the corresponding saturated vapor pressure 0.05MPa; the chlorine content meets below 135°C 50% or less of the total chlorine gas, and more than 50% of the total chlorine gas at 135 °C;
- the medium contact surface of the reaction vessel is a titanium palladium alloy, a zirconium material or a tantalum material which is resistant to hydrochloric acid corrosion;
- the zirconium agitating paddles are fixed to the upper and lower ends of the reaction vessel and are freely rotatable and resistant to hydrochloric acid corrosion.
- the high-density polyethylene has an average particle diameter D50 of 40 to 140 ⁇ m;
- the average particle size is obtained by Taylor's sieving method.
- the specific test method is as follows: 200 g of high-density polyethylene is shaken on different screens for 10 minutes, and then the weight of the screen is tested, which is exactly 50% by weight of the sieve.
- the particle diameter is an average particle diameter D50.
- the high-density polyethylene has a melt index of 0.2 to 4.0 g/10 min; the melt index is measured by ASTM D1238, and the temperature is 190 ° C.
- the load is 5.0 kg.
- the present invention also provides a toughening modifier selected from the group consisting of chlorinated polyethylene or a copolymer of chlorinated polyethylene and (mercapto) acrylate;
- the toughening modifier is a rubber powder having an elongation at break of more than 2201% and a chlorine content of 5 to 45 wt%;
- the elongation at break is determined by GB/T528-2009;
- the chlorine content by weight is determined by Method A of GB/T7139-2002.
- the invention also provides a preparation method of the above toughening modifier, wherein the toughening modifier is chlorinated polyethylene, and the specific preparation steps are as follows:
- a dispersant 0.01 to 1.00 parts by weight of a dispersant, 0,01 to 1.00 parts by weight of an emulsifier to a hydrochloric acid-corroded reactor equipped with a stirring paddle, and then add a dispersion medium to disperse, emulsifier and dispersion medium.
- the total weight is 250 parts by weight; further, 15 to 40 parts by weight of high-density polyethylene, 0.01 to 0.5 parts by weight of the initiator, and the temperature of the reaction material is raised to 80 at a stirring speed of 30 - 300 rpm.
- the invention also provides a preparation method of the above-mentioned toughening modifier, wherein the toughening modifier is a copolymer of chlorinated polyethylene and (meth) acrylate, and the specific preparation steps are as follows:
- Step (1) obtained chlorinated polyethylene, 0 ⁇ 0.50 parts by weight of emulsifier, maintaining stirring speed at 30 ⁇ 300 rpm, the temperature of the reaction material is raised to 70 ⁇ 90 ° C, then add 1 ⁇ 40 parts by weight of alkyl (meth) acrylate, maintaining the reaction temperature at 80 ⁇ 85 ° C, after 2 ⁇ 5 hours of reaction, cooling to below 40 ° C.
- the invention solves the defects of low elongation at break and poor low temperature toughness of the polyvinyl chloride product from the invention, and can make the plasticized polyvinyl chloride product without preserving the mechanical properties of the polyvinyl chloride product substantially unchanged.
- the elongation at break reaches more than 233%, which solves the problem of poor low temperature toughness and stress cracking of PVC products, so that polyvinyl chloride, wood, metal and other materials can be replaced.
- (meth) acrylate means acrylate and/or methacrylate.
- (Meth)acrylic acid means acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid.
- "parts" and “%” are by weight unless otherwise indicated.
- Impact strength and toughness are two different concepts, but the prior art has long taught that improving impact strength improves toughness.
- the essence of impact strength is the ability to convert impact energy into thermal energy when the material is impacted; and the nature of toughness is elongation at break and tensile strength. The greater the tensile strength, the higher the elongation at break, the better the toughness of the material. Therefore, toughness can be understood as the ability to rapidly deform and relieve stress when the material is subjected to stress or internal stress.
- the present inventors have found that the impact strength is closely related to the phase structure of the material, and the toughness is closely related to the elongation at break of the material. Therefore, in order to improve the toughness of the material, it is necessary to increase the elongation at break of the material.
- the invention can further improve the fracture of the polyvinyl chloride product by adding a high-molecular polymer having good compatibility with the polyvinyl chloride resin and a very high elongation at break in the polyvinyl chloride resin, and the conventional polyvinyl chloride composition can be further improved. Elongation.
- the polyvinyl chloride composition of the present invention comprises a polyvinyl chloride resin and a toughening modifier.
- one or more other additives of the following components may also be included: stabilizer, fill , wood ⁇ acrylate-containing polymers, impact modifiers, lubricants, pigments.
- the polyvinyl chloride composition of the present invention comprises a polyvinyl chloride resin, a toughening modifier, and a stabilizer. More preferably, the polyvinyl chloride composition of the present invention comprises a polyvinyl chloride resin, a toughening modifier, a stabilizer, and an impact modifier. Still preferably, the polyvinyl chloride composition of the present invention comprises a polyvinyl chloride resin, a toughening modifier, a stabilizer, an impact modifier, and a lubricant.
- the polyvinyl chloride composition of the present invention has an elongation at break of 233% or more, more preferably 250% or more, and even 300% or more.
- the elongation at break was measured in accordance with GB/T 1040.1-2006.
- the test- ⁇ condition is carried out in accordance with the provisions of GB/T1040.2-2006, and the sample is a 1B dumbbell sample.
- the tensile speed of the test machine was 5 mm/min.
- the test temperature is in accordance with the provisions of GB/T2918-1998, the temperature is 24 ° C ⁇ 25 V relative humidity is 50 ⁇ 5%.
- the invention is characterized in that a rubber powder with good elongation at break of more than 2201% and good compatibility with polyvinyl chloride resin is used as a toughening modifier of the polyvinyl chloride resin, and the rubber powder is only required to be mixed with polychlorinated chlorine.
- the vinyl resin has a good compatibility and can be uniformly dispersed into the polyvinyl chloride resin under normal processing conditions, and can be any component.
- chlorinated polyethylene graft copolymer of chlorinated polyethylene and (fluorenyl) acrylate, interpenetrating network copolymer of chlorinated polyethylene and (meth) acrylate, or chlorinated poly
- chlorinated poly A composition of ethylene and a (meth) acrylate copolymer, and the like.
- the elongation at break of the above modifier is more than 2201%, the elongation at break of the polyvinyl chloride is greatly increased without significantly affecting other physical and chemical properties of the polyvinyl chloride.
- the polyvinyl chloride toughening modifier of the present invention is a component added to increase the elongation at break of the polyvinyl chloride resin, and is a rubber powder having good compatibility with the polyvinyl chloride resin,
- the main component may be a copolymer of chlorinated polyethylene, chlorinated polyethylene and alkyl (meth) acrylate, or a combination of chlorinated polyethylene and alkyl (meth) acrylate polymer.
- these rubber powders have a higher elongation at break, greater than 2201 ° /. .
- the method for preparing the polyvinyl chloride resin composition of the present invention is not particularly limited, and for example, a polyvinyl chloride resin, a toughening modifier, and optionally other additives may be mixed.
- the composition may be prepared by mixing a polyvinyl chloride resin, a toughening modifier, and optionally other additives at a suitable temperature with a high speed mixer and then cooling with a low speed mixer to obtain a polyvinyl chloride composition.
- the molding method of the polyvinyl chloride resin composition in the present invention is not particularly limited, and a general method such as bridge molding or injection molding is used.
- the polyvinyl chloride resin used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and any conventional polychlorinated chlorine A vinyl resin can be used in the present invention.
- the polyvinyl chloride resin used in the present invention may be a polyvinyl chloride homopolymer or a polyvinyl chloride copolymer. Among them, a preferred polyvinyl chloride copolymer may contain 80 to 99.99 wt% / fluorene vinyl chloride unit and 0.01 to 20% by weight of a unit formed of other monomers.
- the preferred polyvinyl chloride copolymer can be obtained by copolymerization of 80 - 99.99 wt/vinyl chloride monomer and 0.01 to 20 wt% of other monomers copolymerizable with vinyl chloride.
- the above preparation methods are those known in the art and will not be described herein.
- Other monomers which can be copolymerized with vinyl chloride may be vinyl acetate, propylene, styrene, alkyl (meth) acrylate (for example, alkyl d ⁇ ) or other vinyl monomers. These monomers may be used singly or in combination.
- the alkyl group in the alkyl ester is preferably an alkyl group of ( 12 , an alkyl group of c r c 5 , an alkyl group of c r c 3 .
- the alkyl group include, but are not limited to, mercapto, ethyl, and propyl Base, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, decyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl.
- the average degree of polymerization of the polyvinyl chloride according to the present invention is not particularly limited.
- a polyvinyl chloride resin having a degree of polymerization of between 600 and 1300 may be used, preferably having a degree of polymerization of from 700 to 1,100, most preferably 800, 1,000. If the degree of polymerization is less than 600, the mechanical properties of the polyvinyl chloride article are drastically lowered; if it is higher than 1300, it is difficult to process using a general method.
- the polyvinyl chloride resin used in the present invention contains not less than 80 wt%.
- the content of the vinyl chloride monomer unit is 80% or more, preferably 90% or more, and most preferably 95% or more, based on all the monomer units of the polyvinyl chloride resin.
- the polyvinyl chloride resin has a degree of polymerization of from 600 to 1300.
- (b) 2 to 16 parts by weight of a toughening modifier is contained based on (a) 100 parts by weight of the polyvinyl chloride resin.
- the toughening modifier is preferably used in an amount of 5 to 14 parts by weight, most preferably 7 to 12 parts by weight, based on (a) 100 parts by weight of the polyvinyl chloride resin.
- the toughening modifier used in the present invention is a rubber powder.
- the toughness modifier of the present invention has an elongation at break of more than 2201%, preferably 2220% to 3500%, more preferably 2300% to 2950°/. . This is advantageous in improving the elongation at break of the polyvinyl chloride composition, thereby improving its low temperature toughness.
- the elongation at break described herein is determined by GB/T528-2009.
- the toughening modifier used in the present invention has a chlorine content of 5 to 45 wt%. Chlorine The weight percent indicates the weight of chlorine as a percentage of the total weight of the toughening modifier.
- the weight percent chlorine of the present invention is determined by Method A of GB/T 7139-2002 (Determination of chlorine content of plastic vinyl chloride homopolymers and copolymers).
- the toughening modifier is incompatible with the polyvinyl chloride resin, and cannot be dispersed with the polyvinyl chloride resin to form a network structure, which makes the polyvinyl chloride composition have a large performance. The magnitude is decreasing.
- the toughness modifier of the present invention preferably has a chlorine content of from 10 to 40 wt%. Most preferably 25 to 35 wt%.
- the type of the toughening modifier used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a polymer having a breaking elongation of more than 2201% and a chlorine weight percentage of 5 to 45 % by weight.
- the toughening modifier used in the present invention may be selected from those polymers which are capable of being uniformly dispersed and mixed with the polyvinyl chloride resin. More preferably, the toughening modifier used in the present invention may be selected from the group consisting of chlorinated polyethylene, a copolymer of chlorinated polyethylene and (meth) acrylate, or chlorinated polyethylene with ( A thiol based composition of an acrylate polymer.
- the toughening modifier used in the present invention is selected from the group consisting of chlorinated polyethylene, graft copolymer of chlorinated polyethylene and (fluorenyl) acrylate, chlorinated polyethylene and (fluorenyl) acrylate An interpenetrating network copolymer, or a combination of a chlorinated polyethylene and a (meth) acrylate copolymer. These polymers are capable of being completely dispersed uniformly with the polyvinyl chloride resin under the general processing conditions.
- the toughening modifier of the present invention is not limited to the above polymer, and may be a polymer which can be uniformly dispersed with a polyvinyl chloride resin under ordinary processing conditions and has an elongation at break of more than 2201%.
- the weight percentage of the alkyl (meth)acrylate is from 0 to 50% by weight based on the total weight of the toughening modifier.
- the content of the alkyl acrylate is more than 50% by weight, the powder fluidity of the material is lowered, and it cannot be uniformly mixed with the polyvinyl chloride resin, so the content of the alkyl (meth) acrylate is 0 to 50 wt%. %, preferably 5 to 30% by weight, most preferably 5 to 15% by weight.
- the alkyl group in the alkyl ester includes, but is not limited to, an alkyl group of C 12 .
- alkyl groups include, but are not limited to, mercapto, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, decyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl.
- the average particle diameter (D50) of the toughening modifier is preferably from 160 to 650 ⁇ m, more preferably from 200 to 600 ⁇ m, more preferably from the viewpoint of being added as a toughening modifier to the polyvinyl chloride resin composition. 230 ⁇ 550 microns.
- the smaller the particle size of the toughening modifier the better the dispersibility in the polyvinyl chloride resin, the better the network structure formed, the greater the elongation of the polyvinyl chloride resin composition, and the toughness of the polyvinyl chloride product. The better.
- the particle size is too small, and the powder is more likely to agglomerate, making it impossible for the customer to use; if the powder is too large, the toughening agent cannot be completely dispersed into the polyvinyl chloride resin.
- the particle size of the toughening modifier is as follows: 200 g of the sample was shaken on different sieves for 10 minutes, and then the weight of the sieve was measured, and the particle diameter of the sieve was 50% by weight, and the average particle diameter D50 was taken.
- the polyvinyl chloride composition of the present invention based on (a) 100 parts by weight of the polyvinyl chloride resin, (c) 0.5 to 5 parts by weight of a stabilizer may be contained, preferably 1 to 4 parts by weight, more preferably 2 ⁇ 3 parts by weight.
- the stabilizer used in the present invention has no special requirements.
- the stabilizer used in the present invention may be an organotin heat stabilizer, a calcium zinc stabilizer or a lead salt stabilizer or the like.
- the calcium-zinc stabilizer is synthesized by a composite process using a calcium salt, a zinc salt, a lubricant, an antioxidant, and the like as a main component. I won't go into details here.
- the filler may be contained, preferably 1 to 40 parts by weight, more preferably 5 parts by weight. - 30 parts by weight.
- the type of the filler of the present invention is not particularly limited, and is preferably an inert filler, that is, a filler which does not react with components in the polyvinyl chloride composition.
- it may be calcium carbonate, talc, carbon black or white carbon or the like.
- wood powder may be contained based on (a) 100 parts by weight of the polyvinyl chloride resin, preferably 1 to 40 parts by weight, more preferably 5 parts by weight. ⁇ 30 parts by weight. Any wood powder can be used in the present invention.
- acrylate-containing polymer In the polyvinyl chloride composition of the present invention, based on (a) 100 parts by weight of the polyvinyl chloride resin, (f) 0 to 10 parts by weight of the acrylate-containing polymer may be contained, preferably 0.2 to 5.0 parts by weight. More preferably, it is 0.5 to 2.0 parts by weight.
- acrylate-containing polymers improve the processing properties of polyvinyl chloride compositions. The greater the amount of processing, the better the processing performance, but the cost is also greatly increased. Therefore, in the case where the processing property of the polyvinyl chloride composition can be ensured, the smaller the amount, the better.
- the acrylate-containing polymer of the present invention refers to a polymer containing a (mercapto) acrylate monomer unit.
- the acrylate-containing polymer of the present invention is preferably a copolymer containing an alkyl thioglycolate and an alkyl acrylate.
- the alkyl ester group is preferably a ( ⁇ - alkyl (12, dC 5 alkyl, C r C 3 alkyl Examples of alkyl groups include, but are not limited to: methyl, ethyl, propyl. Base, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, decyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl.
- the polyvinyl chloride composition of the present invention based on (a) 100 parts by weight of the polyvinyl chloride resin, (g) 0 to 8 parts by weight of an impact modifier may be contained, preferably 16 parts by weight, most preferably 2 ⁇ 4 parts by weight.
- the type of the impact modifier according to the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the gap of the polyvinyl chloride resin can be increased.
- the material of the impact strength is sufficient.
- the impact modifier according to the present invention may be an acrylate impact modifier, a methacrylate-styrene-butadiene terpolymer (MBS) or the like.
- the lubricant of the present invention may be contained, preferably 0.1 to 3 parts by weight, more preferably 0.5. ⁇ 2 parts by weight.
- the lubricant of the present invention may be selected from the group consisting of oxidized polyethylene wax, polyethylene wax, paraffin wax, stearic acid, stearic acid monoglyceride, pentaerythritol stearate, pentaerythritol adipate or stearic acid.
- One or more of calcium is one or more of calcium.
- the pigment of the present invention may be contained, preferably 1 to 8 parts by weight, more preferably 2 to 5 parts. Parts by weight.
- the pigment of the present invention may be selected from one or more of titanium white powder, carbon black, ultramarine blue or fluorescent whitening agent.
- the preparation method of the toughening modifier used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as a rubber powder having an elongation at break of more than 2201% and a chlorine content of 5 to 45 wt% can be obtained.
- the preparation of the toughening modifier is exemplified below.
- Chlorinated polyethylene is prepared as follows:
- a dispersant 0.01 to 1.00 parts by weight of an emulsifier, and then add a dispersion medium to the reactor which is resistant to hydrochloric acid corrosion and equipped with a stirring blade having a high stirring strength fixed at both upper and lower ends.
- the auxiliary raw material is 250 parts by weight in total, and 15 to 40 parts by weight of high-density polyethylene, 0.01 to 0.5 part by weight of the initiator is added, and the temperature of the reaction material is raised at a stirring speed of 30 to 300 rpm. After up to 80 ⁇ 135 ° C (you can adjust the stirring speed to ensure that the reaction solution is mixed with chlorine evenly).
- chlorine gas which accounts for 50% or less of the total chlorine content is introduced into the first hour, and the temperature is raised to 135 to 145 V, and then the reaction temperature is maintained at 135 ° C or higher, and the remaining total chlorine content is 50% or more. Chlorine.
- the chlorinated polyethylene rubber powder obtained in the above step (1) can be directly used for the low temperature toughening modification of the polyvinyl chloride resin. Further, the chlorinated polyethylene rubber powder obtained in the above step (1) can also be obtained by grafting or interpenetrating network copolymerization with an alkyl (meth) acrylate to obtain a chlorinated polyethylene and a (fluorenyl) acrylate. The copolymer is thereby formed into a rubber powder having an elongation at break of more than 2201%.
- a copolymer of chlorinated polyethylene and (meth) acrylate is prepared as follows:
- a dispersant 0.01 to 1.00 parts by weight of a dispersant, 0.01 0.50 parts by weight of an initiator, a dispersion medium, and 250 parts by weight of the total amount of the auxiliary materials are added to the reactor, and 15 to 40 parts by weight of the step (1) are added.
- Chlorinated polyethylene 0 0.50 parts by weight of emulsifier, maintaining stirring speed at 30-300 rpm, the temperature of the reaction material is raised to 70 ⁇ 90 ° C, then adding 1 ⁇ 40 parts by weight (methyl The alkyl acrylate is kept at a temperature of 80 to 85 ° C. After 2 to 5 hours, it is cooled to below 40 ° C, centrifuged, and dried to obtain polymer rubber particles having an elongation at break of more than 2201%.
- the above-mentioned high density polyethylene may have an average particle diameter Dn (preferably D50) of from 40 to 140 m.
- Dn average particle diameter
- the particle diameter of the high-density polyethylene is less than 40 ⁇ m, the viscosity of the reaction solution during the chlorination reaction is too large, so that the reaction is difficult to stir, the mixing effect of the reaction solution is poor, and the chlorination reaction is difficult to carry out uniformly.
- the HDPE used in the production of the toughening modifier of the present invention has an average particle diameter D50 of from 40 to 140 ⁇ m, preferably from 50 to 120 ⁇ m, and most preferably from 60 to 100 ⁇ m.
- the above average particle size is obtained by Taylor's sieving method.
- the specific test method is as follows: 200 g of high-density polyethylene is shaken on different screens for 10 minutes, and then the weight of the screen is measured, which is exactly 50% by weight of the sieve.
- the particle diameter is an average particle diameter D50.
- the high density polyethylene has a melt index of 0,2 to 4.0 g/10 min.
- the melt index is less than 0.2 g/10 min, the compatibility between the toughening modifier and the polyvinyl chloride resin is lowered, and it cannot be uniformly dispersed into the polyvinyl chloride resin, so that the mechanical properties of the material are lowered; the melt index is higher than 4.0. g/10min, the mechanical properties such as tensile strength of the polyvinyl chloride composition are greatly reduced. Therefore, the melt index of HDPE is 0.2 to 4.0 g/10 min, preferably 0.3 to 3.0 g/10 min, more preferably 0.4 to 1.0 g/10 min. The above melt index was measured using ASTM D1238.
- the material of the reactor of the present invention is preferably an explosive composite.
- the medium contact surface of the above reaction vessel is a material resistant to hydrochloric acid corrosion, and for example, may be selected from a titanium palladium alloy, a zirconium material or a tantalum material.
- the bonding layer is a pure titanium explosive composite bonding layer, and the bearing layer is carbon steel.
- the stirring slurry of the reaction vessel is fixed to the upper and lower ends of the reaction vessel at the upper and lower ends. The stirring slurry can be rotated at a high speed.
- the agitating paddle is a high agitation paddle which is resistant to hydrochloric acid corrosion, such as a zirconium paddle.
- the present invention preferably uses a stirring blade of high stirring strength which is fixed at both ends.
- the dispersion medium usually used is water.
- the kind of the dispersing agent to be used in the preparation of the toughening modifier of the present invention is not particularly limited.
- the dispersant used may include a water-soluble copolymer of an alkyl (meth)acrylate and (meth)acrylic acid.
- the dispersing agent used may include a mixture of a water-soluble (mercapto) decyl acrylate and a copolymer of (mercapto)acrylic acid and white carbon black.
- the alkyl group in the alkyl ester is preferably 0 ( 12 alkyl, C r C 5 alkyl, C r C 3 alkyl.
- alkyl examples include, but are not limited to: methyl, ethyl, propyl Base, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, decyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl.
- the kind of the emulsifier to be used is not particularly limited.
- the emulsifier used may include polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, polyoxyethylene fatty acid ester or dodecyl peroxide.
- the initiator may be a water-soluble polymerization initiator and an oil-soluble polymerization initiator.
- the initiator may be an inorganic initiator (e.g., an acid salt), an organic peroxide or an azo compound.
- These initiators may be used singly or in combination with a sulphuric acid-reducing system such as sulfite, thiosulfate, hydrazine sulfonate or sodium hyposulfite.
- the persulfate may be selected from the group consisting of sodium persulfate, potassium persulfate, ammonium persulfate and the like.
- the organic peroxide may be selected from t-butyl hydroperoxide, benzoyl peroxide, and the like.
- the toughness modifier of the desired elongation at break can be obtained by adjusting the appropriate stirring strength, the particle diameter of the raw material, the reaction temperature, the rate of chlorine passing, and the amount of chlorine passing, depending on the purpose of use and the reaction.
- the toughening modifier of the present invention can be obtained by a one-step reaction, a two-step or a multi-step reaction. If a two-step or multi-step reaction is used, the next step of the reaction is added after confirming that the previous reaction has been completed. Accordingly, the reactants in each step are not mixed with the next counter-reactor.
- the measurement was carried out in accordance with GB/T 528-2009 (Measurement of tensile stress-strain properties of vulcanized rubber or thermoplastic rubber).
- the samples were prepared in accordance with Sections 5 and 9 of HG/T2704-2010: Tableting temperature 85 ⁇ 2. C, mixing time 3min, flat vulcanization temperature 130 ° C, constant temperature 5 min, holding pressure 2 min.
- the sample was a type 1 dumbbell-shaped sample, and the tensile tester had a tensile speed of 500 mm/min.
- test temperature is in accordance with the provisions of GB/T2941-2006, the temperature is 24 ° C ⁇ 25 ° C; the relative humidity is 50 ⁇ 5% 0 tensile testing machine using the improved model UTM-1422 universal test machine (Chengde City Gold Jian Testing Instrument Co., Ltd.), the specific parameters are as follows:
- the relative error of the large deformation indication value is ⁇ 0.50 ⁇ / ⁇
- the measurement was carried out in accordance with GB/T 1040.1-2006 (Determination of tensile properties of plastics - Part 1: General).
- the test conditions are as specified in GB/T 1040.2-2006 (Determination of Tensile Properties of Plastics - Part 2: Test Conditions for Molded and Extruded Plastics).
- the sample was a 1B dumbbell sample.
- the tensile speed of the test machine was 5 mm/min.
- the test temperature is in accordance with the provisions of GB/T2918-1998, the temperature is 24 ° C ⁇ 25 ° C; the relative humidity is 50 ⁇ 5%.
- Reaction conversion rate (weight of generated rubber powder / amount of reactant reactant) X 100%; wherein when chlorine is the reactant, the amount of chlorine gas is calculated as one-half of the actual amount added.
- HDPE high density polyethylene
- Dodecyl ether as an emulsifier then add water to make the total water consumption and all auxiliary materials 250 parts, and then add 35 parts of high-density polyethylene with an average particle diameter D50 of 95 ⁇ , 0.025 parts of benzoyl peroxide Formyl, at a temperature of 85 rpm, the temperature of the reaction mass was raised to 80 ° C, and then 42 parts of chlorine gas was introduced, and then the temperature was raised to 135 while passing chlorine gas. C, the heating time is 1 hour, the amount of chlorine gas introduced during the heating time is 19 parts, and the temperature rise and the chlorine gas are simultaneously performed. After the reaction temperature reaches 135 ° C, the temperature is maintained at 135 ⁇ 138 ° C, to 23 per hour. The speed of the portion is passed to the remaining 23 parts of chlorine. After centrifugation, it was dried to obtain a rubber powder having an elongation at break of 2,230% (sample 1).
- the conversion of the reaction was 99.5 ° /.
- the chlorine content i.e., the weight percentage of chlorine, the same below
- the average particle diameter D50 of the powder is 190 ⁇ m.
- the conversion of the reaction was 98.3%, and the average particle diameter D50 of the powder was 310 ⁇ m.
- the conversion of the reaction was 99.3%, the chlorine content was 37.2%, and the powder had an average particle diameter D50 of 200 ⁇ m.
- the conversion of the reaction was 99.1%, the chlorine content was 37.1%, and the powder had an average particle diameter D50 of 210 ⁇ .
- the conversion rate of the reaction was 98.5%, the chlorine content was 36.9%, and the average particle diameter D50 of the powder was 250 4 Kaimi.
- the preparation method of the polyvinyl chloride composition and the polyvinyl chloride composition sheet product was the same as in the first embodiment.
- the elongation at break was tested and the experimental results are shown in Table 1.
- the conversion of the reaction was 99.5%, the chlorine content was 37.3%, and the powder had an average particle diameter D50 of 180 ⁇ m.
- the preparation method of the polyvinyl chloride composition and the polyvinyl chloride composition sheet product was the same as in the first embodiment.
- the elongation at break was tested and the experimental results are shown in Table 1.
- the conversion of the reaction was 99.5%, the chlorine content was 37.3%, and the powder had an average particle diameter D50 of 170 ⁇ m.
- the preparation method of the polyvinyl chloride composition and the polyvinyl chloride composition sheet product was the same as in the first embodiment.
- the elongation at break was tested and the experimental results are shown in Table 1.
- the conversion of the reaction was 97.9%, and the average particle diameter D50 of the powder was 330 ⁇ m.
- the conversion of the reaction was 99.5%, the chlorine content was 37.3%, and the average particle diameter D50 of the powder was 16 (H-drum.
- the conversion of the reaction was 99.0%, the chlorine content was 37.1%, and the average particle diameter D50 of the powder was 260 ⁇ m.
- the conversion of the reaction was 99.0%, the chlorine content was 37.1%, and the average particle diameter D50 of the powder was 2 S0 ⁇ m.
- the amount of chlorine gas introduced during the time is 15 parts, and the temperature rise and the chlorine gas are simultaneously performed. After the reaction temperature reaches 137 ° C, the stirring speed is increased to 140 rpm, and the temperature is maintained at 137 ⁇ 140 ° C, at 20 per hour. The speed of the portion is passed to the remaining 20 parts of gas.
- the amount of chlorine gas introduced above 137 °C reaches 6 parts, the viscosity of the reaction liquid begins to increase, the stirring slurry begins to shake vigorously, and the reaction kettle begins to shake, and the reaction kettle is started. The pressure began to rise rapidly, and the chlorination reaction rate dropped sharply. In order to prevent a safety accident, the chlorine was immediately stopped, and the reaction was stopped by rapid cooling. The reaction failed.
- Example 7 The remaining steps and conditions were the same as in Example 7, except that the amount of the toughening modifier (Sample 7) in the polyvinyl chloride composition was changed. In Examples 11, 12, 13, and 14, the amount of Sample 7 was 6 parts, 7 parts, 9 parts, and 11 parts in this order. See Table 2 for the experimental results.
- Example 7 The enthalpy steps and conditions were the same as in Example except that the amount of the toughening modifier (Sample 7) was changed in the polyvinyl chloride composition. In Comparative Examples 4 and 5, the amount of Sample 7 was 1 part and 1.8 parts, respectively. See Table 2 for the experimental results.
- Example 7 The remaining steps and conditions were the same as in Example 7 except that the amount of the toughening modifier (Sample 7) in the polyvinyl chloride composition was changed. In Comparative Example 7, the amount of the sample 7 was 28 parts. Due to the poor processing properties of the polyvinyl chloride composition, it cannot be extruded in an extruder. See Table 2 for the experimental results. Table 2
- the amount of the toughening modifier is less than 2 parts, the elongation at break of the polyvinyl chloride composition is low.
- the amount of the toughening modifier is more than 16 parts, the polyvinyl chloride composition is difficult to process.
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种聚氯乙烯改性剂、组合物及其制备方法,按重量份计,该组合物包括以下组分:(a)100份的聚氯乙烯树脂,和(b)2~16份的增韧改性剂;其中,所述的增韧改性剂是断裂伸长率大于2201%、且氯重量百分含量为5~45wt%的橡月吏粉体。本发明的聚氯乙烯组合物的断裂伸长率得到了大幅度提高,从根本上解决了聚氯乙烯制品断裂伸长率低的缺陷,必将大大拓宽了聚氯乙烯的使用范围。
Description
聚氯乙烯改性剂、 组合物及其制备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种聚氯乙烯改性剂、 组合物及其制备方法, 尤其是 断裂伸长率高的聚氯乙烯改性剂、 低温韧性良好的聚氯乙烯组合物及 其制备方法。 背景技术
一般地说, 聚氯乙烯(PVC )树脂具有下列缺点: 1.加工性能差; 2.低温冲击强度差; 3.热稳定性差; 4.低温韧性差。 目前, 人们发明了 多种方法以改善聚氯乙烯树脂的缺点, 例如: 添加加工助剂以改善聚 氯乙烯树脂的加工性能; 添加抗冲击改性剂以改善聚氯乙烯树脂的低 温冲击性能;添加热稳定剂以改善聚氯乙婦树脂的热稳定性能。但是, 截止到目前为止, 聚氯乙烯树脂的低温韧性问题一直未能得到很好地 解决。 而聚氯乙烯树脂韧性问题已经成为了阻碍聚氯乙烯树脂发展的 主要障碍。 例如,在给水管材领域, 聚氯乙烯管材逐渐被聚乙烯(PE ) 管材所取代, 其主要原因是当地形随着时间的推移而发生变化时, 埋 入地下的聚氯乙烯管材会发生弯曲变形。 由于聚氯乙烯的低温韧性 差, 聚氯乙烯管材轻微的弯曲也容易发生断裂; 而 PE 由于断裂伸长 率高的原因, 即使地形变化引起了 PE管材弯曲,也不会产生 PE管材 的破裂。 因此, 长距离的给水系统往往优先选用 PE管材。 又如, 聚 氯乙烯制品难以取代木材的原因主要是由于聚氯乙烯制品容易发生 钉裂现象;该现象的根本原因在于聚氯乙烯的断裂伸长率低、韧性差。 再如, 聚氯乙烯门窗在温度很低的冬天容易发生焊角的开裂, 主要原 因也是由于聚氯乙烯的断裂伸长率低、 韧性差。
长期以来,在聚氯乙烯改性领域存在着一大误区:错误地认为提高 聚氯乙烯的缺口冲击强度和提高聚氯乙烯的韧性是一回事; 错误地认 为提高聚氯乙烯冲击强度, 将使聚氯乙烯韧性得到提高, 从而使聚氯 乙烯耐低温性能得到提高, 进而使得聚氯乙烯管材开裂等问题迎刃而 解。 因此, 人们通常采用丙烯酸酯类抗冲击改性剂 (抗冲 ACR )、 甲 基丙烯酸甲酯-苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物(MBS )抗冲击改性剂来提高聚 氯乙烯的沖击强度。 然而, 不尽如人意的是, 抗冲 ACR和 MBS虽然 能够大幅度提高聚氯乙烯的缺口冲击强度, 但是却难以有效改善聚氯 乙烯韧性, 尤其是低温韧性。 这就造成了目前存在的聚氯乙烯树脂不 能具有与聚乙烯相同或接近的断裂伸长率, 也不能与木材具有相同的
握钉力。 发明内容
本发明摒弃了上述误区, 在经过大量研究的基础发现, 硬质无增 塑聚氯乙烯组合物的韧性与聚氯乙烯和聚氯乙烯增韧改性剂共混物 的断裂伸长率密切相关。 聚氯乙烯组合物的断裂伸长率越高, 韧性越 好。 而聚氯乙烯组合物的韧性又与聚氯乙烯增韧改性剂的断裂伸长率 相关, 聚氯乙烯增韧改性剂的断裂伸长率越高, 无增塑聚氯乙烯组合 物的断裂伸长率就越高。 所以要想提高无增塑聚氯乙烯组合物的韧性 就必须提高聚氯乙烯增韧改性剂的断裂伸长率。
但是, 由于受到聚氯乙烯增韧改性剂的合成反应釜结构的限制, 将增韧改性剂的断裂伸长率提高至 2200%之后, 进一步提高断裂伸长 率就变得非常困难了。 这是由于在生产高伸长率的增韧改性剂时, 由 于反应溶液的粘度太高, 要达到理想的氯气和反应溶液的分散效果, 需要很高的搅拌强度和搅拌速度; 从前的反应釜, 只是安装了上端固 定、 下端自由的搅拌浆, 这种反应釜在高的搅拌强度和高的搅拌速度 时,容易发生搅拌浆的晃动和反应釜的震动现象,极易发生生产事故, 引起严重的氯气泄漏, 造成极大地安全问题。 本发明通过使用改进的 反应釜, 使搅拌强度大大提高, 同时使用粒径更小的高密度聚乙烯 ( HDPE )原材料, 可将增韧改性剂的断裂伸长率提高到了 2201 %以 上。
我们开发出与聚氯乙烯树脂相容性良好、 断裂伸长率非常高的橡 胶粉体(增韧改性剂), 将其加入聚氯乙烯树脂中进一步提高了聚氯 乙烯组合物的断裂伸长率,进一步改善其低温韧性,从而完成本发明。 本发明的一个目的在于提供一种聚氯乙烯组合物, 其制得的聚氯 乙烯制品具有良好的低温韧性。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供一种聚氯乙烯组合物的制备方法, 其工艺简单, 且可通过调节反应条件来控制橡胶粉体的断裂伸长率, 进而控制聚氯乙烯组合物的低温韧性。
本发明的又一个目的在于提供一种增韧改性剂, 其具有很高的断 裂伸长率。
本发明的再一个目的在于提供一种增韧改性剂的制备方法, 其工 艺简单, 且可通过调节反应条件来控制橡胶粉体的断裂伸长率。
本发明通过以下技术方案, 即可实现上述目的:
N2013/087977 本发明提供一种聚氯乙烯组合物, 按重量份计, 包括以下组分:
(a) 100份的聚氯乙烯树脂, 和
(b) 2 ~ 16份的增韧改性剂;
其中, 所述的增韧改性剂是断裂伸长率大于 2201%、 且氯重量百 分含量为 5 ~ 45wt°/。的橡胶粉体;
所述的断裂伸长率通过 GB/T528-2009测定;
氯重量百分含量通过 GB/T7139-2002的方法 A进行测定。
根据本发明所述的聚氯乙烯组合物, 优选地, 按重量份计, 还包 括以下组分:
(c) 0.5 ~ 5份的稳定剂,
(d) 0 ~ 50份的填充物, 和
(e) 0— 50份的木粉, 和
(f) 0 - 10份的含丙烯酸酯的聚合物, 和
(g) 0 - 8份的抗沖击改性剂, 和
(h;> 0 ~ 5份的润滑剂, 和
(i) 0 10份的颜料。
根据本发明所述的聚氯乙烯组合物, 优选地, 所述的聚氯乙烯树 脂为聚氯乙烯均聚物或聚氯乙烯共聚物;
其中 ,聚氯乙烯共聚物包含 80 99.99 %的氯乙烯单元和 0.01 - 20^%的由其他单体形成的单元;
所述的其他单体选自醋酸乙烯酯、 丙烯、 苯乙烯、 曱基丙烯酸的 d ~ C12烷基酯、 丙烯酸的 d ~ cl2垸基酯的一种或多种。
才艮据本发明所述的聚氯乙烯组合物, 优选地, 所述的增韧改性剂 选自以下物质组成的组: 氯化聚乙烯、 氯化聚乙烯与 (曱基) 丙烯酸 酯的共聚物、 或者氯化聚乙烯与 (甲基) 丙烯酸酯聚合物的混合物。
根据本发明所述的聚氯乙烯组合物, 优选地, 在所述的增韧改性 剂中, 基于增韧改性剂的总重量, (甲基) 丙烯酸烷基酯的重量百分 含量为 0 ~ 50wt%。
根据本发明所述的聚氯乙烯组合物, 优选地,
所述的稳定剂选自有机锡热稳定剂、 钙锌稳定剂或铅盐稳定剂; 所述的填充物选自碳酸鈣、 滑石粉或白炭黑;
所述的含丙烯酸酯的聚合物选自含有甲基丙烯酸烷基酯和丙烯 酸烷基酯的共聚物;
所述的抗冲击改性剂选自由曱基丙烯酸甲酯、 苯乙婦和丁二烯形 成的共聚物;
所述的润滑剂选自氧化聚乙烯蜡、 聚乙烯蜡、 石蜡、 硬脂酸、 硬 脂酸单甘脂、 硬脂酸季戊四醇酯、 己二酸季戊四醇酯或硬脂酸钙; 所述的颜料选自钛白粉、 炭黑、 群青颜料或荧光增白剂。
本发明还提供了一种上述聚氯乙烯组合物的制备方法, 该制备方 法包括增韧改性剂的制备步驟, 具体如下:
在耐盐酸腐蚀的、 装有搅拌桨的反应釜中加入 0.01 ~ 1.00重量份 的分散剂, 0.01 ~ 1.00 重量份的乳化剂, 然后加入分散介质, 使分散 剂、 乳化剂和分散介 的总重量份为 250重量份; 再加入 15 ~ 40重 量份的高密度聚乙烯, 0.01 ~ 0.5重量份的引发剂, 在 30 300转 /分 的搅拌转速下将反应物料的温度升高至 80 - 135°C;然后开始通入 5 - 25重量份氯气, 通氯气的速度要维持反应压力平稳上升, 但不能高于 对应的饱和蒸气压 0.05MPa; 通氯量满足在 135°C以下通入总氯气量 的 50%以下, 在 135°C以上通入总氯气量的 50%以上的氯气。
根据本发明还提供了另一种上述聚氯乙烯组合物的制备方法, 该 制备方法包括增韧改性剂的制备步厥, 具体如下:
( 1 )氯化聚乙烯的制备:
在耐盐酸腐蚀的、装有搅拌桨的反应釜中加入 0.01― 1.00重量份的 分散剂, 0.01 ~ 1.00重量份的乳化剂, 然后加入分散介廣, 使分散剂、 乳化剂和分散介庸的总重量份为 250重量份; 再加入 15~40重量份 的高密度聚乙烯, 0,01 ~0.5重量份的引发剂, 在 30 300转 /分的搅 拌转速下将反应物料的温度升高至 80~135°C; 然后开始通入 5 25 重量份氯气, 通氯气的速度要维持反应压力平稳上升, 但不能高于对 应的饱和蒸气压 0.05MPa; 通氯量满足在 135°C以下通入总氯气量的 50%以下, 在 135°C以上通入总氯气量的 50%以上的氯气;
(2)氯化聚乙烯与 (曱基) 丙烯酸酯共聚物的制备:
在反应器中加入 0.01 - 1.00重量份的分散剂, 0.01 ~ 0.50重量份的 引发剂、分散介质,其中分散剂、引发剂和分散介盾的总重量份为 250 重量份; 加入 15 ~ 40重量份的步 ( 1 )得到的氯化聚乙烯、 0 ~ 0.50 重量份的乳化剂, 维持搅拌转速在 30-300转 /分下,反应物料的温度 升高至 70~90°C后, 再加入 1-40重量份的 (曱基) 丙烯酸烷基酯, 保持反应温度在 80~85°C, 反应 2~5小时后, 冷却至 40C以下。
根据本发明所述的聚氯乙烯组合物的制备方法, 优选地, 所述反 应釜的介质接触面为耐盐酸腐蚀的钛钯合金、 锆材或钽材; 所述的搅 拌浆为上下两端分别固定在反应釜的上下两端, 且可自由转动的耐盐 酸腐蚀的锆材搅拌桨。
根据本发明所述的聚氯乙烯组合物的制备方法, 优选地, 所述的 高密度聚乙烯的平均粒径 D50为 40 ~ 140微米;
该平均粒径采用泰勒筛分法获得, 具体测试方法如下: 取 200g 高密度聚乙烯在不同的筛网上进行震动筛分 10分钟, 然后测试筛网 上的重量, 取恰好筛下 50%重量时的粒径为平均粒径 D50。
根据本发明所述的聚氯乙烯组合物的制备方法, 优选地, 所述的 高密度聚乙烯的熔融指数为 0.2 ~ 4.0 g/10min;该熔融指数采用 ASTM D1238测定, 温度为 190°C , 载荷为 5.0kg。
本发明也提供了一种增韧改性剂, 所述的增韧改性剂选自氯化聚 乙烯、 或者氯化聚乙烯与 (曱基) 丙烯酸酯的共聚物;
所述的增韧改性剂是断裂伸长率大于 2201%、 且氯重量百分含量 为 5 ~ 45wt%的橡胶粉体;
所述的断裂伸长率通过 GB/T528-2009测定;
氯重量百分含量通过 GB/T7139-2002的方法 A进行测定。
本发明也提供了一种上述增韧改性剂的制备方法, 所述的增韧改 性剂为氯化聚乙烯, 具体制备步骤如下:
在耐盐酸腐蚀的、 装有搅拌桨的反应釜中加入 0.01 ~ 1.00重量份 的分散剂, 0,01 ~ 1.00 重量份的乳化剂, 然后加入分散介质, 使分散 剂、 乳化剂和分散介质的总重量份为 250重量份; 再加入 15 ~ 40重 量份的高密度聚乙烯, 0.01 ~ 0.5重量份的引发剂, 在 30 - 300转 /分 的搅拌转速下将反应物料的温度升高至 80 - 135Ό ;然后开始通入 5 ~ 25重量份氯气, 通氯气的速度要维持反应压力平稳上升, 但不能高于 对应的饱和蒸气压 0.05MPa; 通氯量满足在 135°C以下通入总氯气量 的 50%以下, 在 135°C以上通入总氯气量的 50%以上的氯气。
本发明也提供了另一种上述增韧改性剂的制备方法, 所述的增韧 改性剂为氯化聚乙烯与 (甲基) 丙烯酸酯的共聚物, 具体制备步骤如 下:
( 1 )氯化聚乙烯的制备:
在耐盐酸腐蚀的、装有搅拌桨的反应釜中加入 0.01 - 1.00重量份的 分散剂, 0.01 - 1.00重量份的乳化剂, 然后加入分散介质, 使分散剂、 乳化剂和分散介质的总重量份为 250重量份; 再加入 15 ~ 40重量份 的高密度聚乙烯, 0.01 ~ 0.5重量份的引发剂, 在 30 - 300转 /分的搅 拌转速下将反应物料的温度升高至 80 ~ 135°C ; 然后开始通入 5 ~ 25 重量份氯气, 通氯气的速度要维持反应压力平稳上升, 但不能高于对 应的饱和蒸气压 0.05MPa; 通氯量满足在 135°C以下通入总氯气量的
50%以下, 在 135°C以上通入总氯气量的 50%以上的氯气;
( 2 )氯化聚乙烯与 (甲基) 丙烯酸酯共聚物的制备:
在反应器中加入 0.01 ~ 1.00重量份的分散剂, 0.01 ~ 0.50重量份的 引发剂、分散介质,其中分散剂、 引发剂和分散介质的总重量份为 250 重量份; 加入 15 - 40重量份的步骤(1 )得到的氯化聚乙烯、 0 ~ 0.50 重量份的乳化剂, 维持搅拌转速在 30 ~ 300转 /分下, 反应物料的温度 升高至 70 ~ 90°C后, 再加入 1 ~ 40重量份的 (甲基) 丙烯酸烷基酯, 保持反应温度在 80 ~ 85 °C , 反应 2 ~ 5小时后, 冷却至 40°C以下。 本发明从才艮本上解决了聚氯乙烯制品断裂伸长率低、 低温韧性差 的缺陷, 在保持聚氯乙烯制品的力学性能基本不变的前提下, 可以使 得无增塑聚氯乙烯制品的断裂伸长率达到 233%以上, 从^^本上解决 了聚氯乙烯制品低温韧性差和容易发生应力开裂的问题, 从而可以实 现聚氯乙烯对聚乙烯、 木材、 金属等材料的替代。 具体实施方式
在本发明中, (甲基)丙烯酸酯表示丙烯酸酯和 /或甲基丙烯酸酯。 (甲基)丙烯酸表示丙烯酸和 /或甲基丙烯酸。在本发明中, "份"与"%" 均按重量计, 除非另有所指。 冲击强度和韧性是两个不同的概念, 但是现有技术却长期教导提 高冲击强度就可以改善韧性。 冲击强度的本质是材料受到沖击时将冲 击能转化为热能的能力; 而韧性的本质是断裂伸长率和拉伸强度。 拉 伸强度越大、 断裂伸长率越高材料的韧性越好。 因此, 韧性可以理解 为当材料受到应力作用或内部存在应力时, 快速产生形变而消除应力 的能力。 本发明发现, 冲击强度与材料的相结构密切有关, 韧性与材 料的断裂伸长率密切相关, 所以要想提高材料的韧性就必须提高材料 的断裂伸长率。
本发明通过在聚氯乙烯树脂中加入与聚氯乙烯树脂具有良好相 容性、 断裂伸长率非常高的高分子聚合物, 相对于传统聚氯乙烯组合 物能够进一步提高聚氯乙烯制品的断裂伸长率。
<聚氯乙烯组合物>
本发明的聚氯乙烯组合物包括聚氯乙烯树脂和增韧改性剂。 非必 要地, 还可以包括以下组分的一种或多种其他添加剂: 稳定剂、 填充
物、 木^ \ 含丙烯酸酯的聚合物、 抗冲击改性剂、 润滑剂、 颜料。 优 选地, 本发明的聚氯乙烯组合物包括聚氯乙烯树脂、 增韧改性剂和稳 定剂。 更优选地, 本发明的聚氯乙烯组合物包括聚氯乙烯树脂、 增韧 改性剂、 稳定剂和抗冲击改性剂。 再优选地, 本发明的聚氯乙烯组合 物包括聚氯乙烯树脂、增韧改性剂、稳定剂、抗冲击改性剂和润滑剂。
作为优选, 本发明聚氯乙烯组合物的断裂伸长率可以达到 233% 以上, 还可以达到 250%以上, 甚至可以达到 300%以上。 该断裂伸长 率按照 GB/T 1040.1-2006进行测定。试-瞼条件按 GB/T1040.2-2006 中 的规定进行, 试样采用 1B 型哑铃状试样。 试验机的拉伸速度为 5mm/min。 试验温度按照 GB/T2918-1998 中的规定, 温度为 24°C ~ 25 V 相对湿度为 50±5%。
本发明的特点在于使用一种断裂伸长率大于 2201%的、 与聚氯乙 烯树脂相容性良好的橡胶粉体作为聚氯乙烯树脂的增韧改性剂, 谅橡 胶粉体只要与聚氯乙烯树脂具有艮好的相容性, 并且在通常的加工工 艺条件下能均匀的分散到聚氯乙烯树脂之中, 则可以为任何成分。 例 如: 可以为氯化聚乙烯、 氯化聚乙烯与 (曱基) 丙烯酸酯类的接枝共 聚物、 氯化聚乙烯与 (甲基) 丙烯酸酯类的互穿网络共聚物、 或者氯 化聚乙烯与 (甲基) 丙烯酸酯类共聚物的組合物等。 只要上述改性剂 的断裂伸长率大于 2201 %,就会大幅度的提高聚氯乙烯的断裂伸长率, 而不会对聚氯乙烯的其他物理和化学性能产生明显影响。
本发明的聚氯乙烯增韧改性剂是一种为了提高聚氯乙烯树脂的 断裂伸长率而加入的组分, 是一种与聚氯乙烯树脂具有良好相容性的 橡胶粉体, 其主要成分可以是氯化聚乙烯、 氯化聚乙烯和(甲基) 丙 烯酸烷基酯的共聚物、 或氯化聚乙烯与 (甲基) 丙烯酸烷基酯聚合物 的组合物。重要的是,这些橡胶粉体的断裂伸长率较高, 大于 2201°/。。
制备本发明的聚氯乙烯树脂组合物的方法没有特别的限制, 例如 将聚氯乙烯树脂、 增韧改性剂、 任选的其他添加剂混合均勾即可。 优 选地, 组合物的制备方法可以是把聚氯乙烯树脂、 增韧改性剂、 任选 的其他添加剂在适当的温度下用高速搅拌机混合后再用低速搅拌机 冷却后得到聚氯乙烯组合物。
本发明中的聚氯乙烯树脂组合物的成型方法没有特别的限制,使用 一般的方法, 如桥出成型或注塑成型。
<聚氯乙烯树脂 >
本发明中使用的聚氯乙烯树脂没有特别的限制, 任何常用的聚氯
乙烯树脂在本发明中均可使用。 本发明使用的聚氯乙烯树脂可以为聚 氯乙烯均聚物或聚氯乙烯共聚物。 其中, 优选的聚氯乙烯共聚物可以 包含 80 ~ 99.99wt°/ 々氯乙烯单元和 0.01 - 20wt%的由其他单体形成的 单元。优选的聚氯乙烯共聚物可以通过 80 - 99.99wt/ 氯乙烯单体和 0.01 ~ 20wt%的能与氯乙烯共聚的其他单体共聚得到。 上述制备方法 是本领域所已知的那些, 这里不再赘述。 能与氯乙烯共聚的其他单体 可以是醋酸乙烯酯、 丙烯、 苯乙烯、 (曱基) 丙烯酸烷基酯 (例如, d ~ 的烷基)或其他乙烯基单体。这些单体可以单独使用或混合使 用。其中,烷基酯中的烷基优选为(^ 12的烷基, crc5的烷基, crc3 的烷基。 烷基的实例包括但不限于: 曱基、 乙基、 丙基、 丁基、 戊基、 己基、 庚基、 辛基、 壬基、 癸基、 十一烷基、 十二烷基。
本发明所述的聚氯乙烯的平均聚合度没有特别的限制。例如,可以 使用聚合度在 600 1300之间的聚氯乙烯树脂, 优选聚合度为 700 ~ 1100, 最优选 800 1000。如果聚合度低于 600, 则聚氯乙烯制品的力 学性能大幅度下降; 如果高于 1300则难以使用通用的方法进行加工。
作为优选, 本发明使用的聚氯乙烯树脂为含有不少于 80wt°/。的氯 乙烯单体单元和不多于 20 t%的醋酸乙烯酯、 丙烯、 苯乙烯或丙烯酸 酯单体单元的均聚物或共聚物。 如果氯乙烯单体单元的重量百分含量 小于 80wt%, 则聚氯乙烯树脂的力学性能会下降。 优选地, 氯乙烯单 体单元的含量在 80\^%以上, 优选 90^%以上, 最优选 95 %以上, 基于聚氯乙烯树脂的全部单体单元。 优选地, 上述聚氯乙烯树脂的聚 合度在 600 ~ 1300之间。
<增韧改性剂 >
在本发明的聚氯乙烯组合物中, 基于 (a) 100重量份的聚氯乙烯树 脂,含有 (b) 2 ~ 16重量份的增韧改性剂。当增韧改性剂低于 2重量份, 则聚氯乙烯组合物的伸长率大幅度下降; 当增韧改性剂高于 16份, 则聚氯乙烯组合物的加工性能会大幅度下降。 基于 (a) 100重量份的聚 氯乙烯树脂, 增韧改性剂的用量优选为 5 ~ 14重量份, 最优选 7 - 12 重量份。
本发明所使用的增韧改性剂为橡胶粉体。 本发明的增韧改性剂的 断裂伸长率大于 2201%, 优选为 2220% - 3500%, 更优选为 2300% ~ 2950°/。。 这样有利于改善聚氯乙烯组合物的断裂伸长率, 从而改善其 低温韧性。 这里所述的断裂伸长率通过 GB/T528-2009测定。
本发明所使用的增韧改性剂的氯重量百分含量为 5 ~ 45wt%。 氯
重量百分含量表示氯元素重量占增韧改性剂总重量的百分比。 本发明 的氯重量百分含量通过 GB/T7139-2002 (塑料氯乙烯均聚物和共聚物 氯含量的测定) 的方法 A进行测定。 当氯含量低于 5 wt%, 则增韧改 性剂与聚氯乙烯树脂不相容, 无法与聚氯乙烯树脂均勾地分散而形成 网状结构, 这使得聚氯乙烯组合物的性能大幅度下降。 如果氯含量超 过了 45wt%, 则增韧改性剂的断裂伸长率会大幅度下降, 硬度会大幅 度提高, 聚氯乙烯组合物的力学性能会大大降低。 本发明的增韧改性 剂的氯重量百分含量优选为 10 ~ 40wt°/。, 最优选为 25 ~ 35wt%。
本发明所使用的增韧改性剂的种类并没有特殊限定, 只要是断裂 伸长率大于 2201%且氯重量百分含量为 5 ~ 45wt%的聚合物均可使用。 作为优选, 本发明所使用的增韧改性剂可以选自能够与聚氯乙烯树脂 混合分散均匀的那些聚合物。 作为更优选, 本发明所使用的增韧改性 剂可以选自以下物质组成的组: 氯化聚乙烯、 氯化聚乙烯与 (甲基) 丙烯酸酯的共聚物、 或者氯化聚乙烯与 (曱基) 丙烯酸酯聚合物的组 合物。 更优选地, 本发明所使用的增韧改性剂选自氯化聚乙烯、 氯化 聚乙烯与 (曱基) 丙烯酸酯的接枝共聚物、 氯化聚乙烯与 (曱基) 丙 烯酸酯类的互穿网络共聚物、 或者氯化聚乙烯与 (甲基) 丙烯酸酯类 共聚物的组合物。 这些聚合物能够与聚氯乙烯树脂在通用的加工工艺 条件下可以完全的相互分散均匀。 本发明的增韧改性剂并不限于上述 聚合物, 也可以为在普通加工工艺条件下能够与聚氯乙烯树脂混合分 散均匀、 且断裂伸长率大于 2201%的聚合物。
在本发明所述的增韧改性剂中, 基于增韧改性剂的总重量, (甲 基) 丙烯酸烷基酯的重量百分含量为 0 ~ 50wt%。 (曱基) 丙烯酸烷基 酯的重量百分含量大于 50wt%, 则材料的粉体流动性下降, 无法与聚 氯乙烯树脂混合均匀,所以(曱基)丙烯酸烷基酯的含量为 0 ~ 50wt%, 优选 5 ~ 30wt%, 最优选 5 ~ 15wt%。 其中, 烷基酯中的烷基包括但不 限于 Cr 12的烷基。 烷基的实例包括但不限于: 曱基、 乙基、 丙基、 丁基、 戊基、 己基、 庚基、 辛基、 壬基、 癸基、 十一烷基、 十二烷基。
从作为增韧改性剂加入到聚氯乙烯树脂组合物中的角度看, 增韧 改性剂的平均粒径 ( D50 )优选为 160 ~ 650微米, 更优选为 200 - 600 微米, 再优选为 230 ~ 550微米。 增韧改性剂的粒径越小, 其在聚氯 乙烯树脂中的分散性越好, 形成的网絡结构越完美, 聚氯乙烯树脂组 合物的伸长率越大, 聚氯乙烯制品的韧性就越好。 但是, 粒径太小, 粉体越容易结块, 使得客户无法使用; 粉体太大, 则增韧剂不能完全 分散到聚氯乙烯树脂中。 采用泰勒筛分法( Taylor Sieve Method )测定
增韧改性剂的粒径。 具体测试方法如下: 取 200g样品在不同的筛网 上进行震动筛分 10分钟, 然后测试筛网上的重量, 取恰好筛下 50% 重量时的粒径为平均粒径 D50。
<其他添力口剂〉
在本发明的聚氯乙烯组合物中, 基于 (a) 100重量份的聚氯乙烯树 脂, 可以包含 (c) 0.5 ~ 5重量份的稳定剂 , 优选为 1 ~ 4重量份, 更优 选为 2 ~ 3重量份。 本发明使用的稳定剂没有特殊的要求。 作为优选, 本发明使用的稳定剂可以为有机锡热稳定剂、 钙锌稳定剂或铅盐稳定 剂等。 钙锌稳定剂由钙盐、 锌盐、 润滑剂、 抗氧剂等为主要组分采用 复合工艺而合成。 这里不再赘述。
在本发明的聚氯乙烯组合物中, 基于 (a) 100重量份的聚氯乙烯树 脂, 可以包含 (d) 0 ~ 50重量份的填充物, 优选为 1 ~ 40重量份, 更优 选为 5 - 30重量份。 本发明所述的填充物的种类没有特殊要求, 优选 为惰性填料, 即不与聚氯乙烯组合物中的成分发生反应的填料。 作为 优选, 可以是碳酸钙、 滑石粉、 炭黑或白炭黑等。
在本发明的聚氯乙烯组合物中, 基于 (a) 100重量份的聚氯乙烯树 脂, 可以包含 (e) 0 - 50重量份的木粉, 优选为 1 - 40重量份, 更优选 为 5 ~ 30重量份。 本发明可以使用任意的木粉。
在本发明的聚氯乙烯组合物中, 基于 (a) 100重量份的聚氯乙烯树 脂, 可以包含 (f) 0 ~ 10重量份的含丙烯酸酯的聚合物, 优选为 0.2 - 5.0重量份, 更优选为 0.5 ~ 2.0重量份。 一般来说, 含丙烯酸酯的聚 合物能改善聚氯乙烯组合物的加工性能, 使用量越大加工性能越好, 但是成本也大幅度增加。 因此, 在能保证聚氯乙烯组合物的加工性能 的情况下, 用量越少越好。 本发明所述的含丙烯酸酯的聚合物是指含 有 (曱基) 丙烯酸酯单体单元的聚合物。 本发明所述的含丙烯酸酯的 聚合物优选为含有曱基 ^烯酸烷基酯和丙烯酸烷基酯的共聚物。 其 中, 烷基酯中的烷基优选为(^-( 12的烷基, d-C5的烷基, CrC3的烷 基。 烷基的实例包括但不限于: 甲基、 乙基、 丙基、 丁基、 戊基、 己 基、 庚基、 辛基、 壬基、 癸基、 十一烷基、 十二烷基。
在本发明的聚氯乙烯组合物中, 基于 (a) 100重量份的聚氯乙烯树 脂, 可以包含 (g) 0 ~ 8重量份的抗冲击改性剂, 优选 1 6重量份, 最 优选 2 ~ 4份重量份。 抗冲击改性剂的用量大于 8份, 则聚氯乙烯组 合物的拉伸强度、 硬度、 维卡软化点将大幅度下降。 本发明所述的抗 冲击改性剂的种类并没有特别限定, 只要能提高聚氯乙烯树脂的缺口
冲击强度的材料即可。 作为优选, 本发明所述的抗冲击改性剂可以为 丙烯酸酯类抗冲击改性剂、 甲基丙烯酸酯-苯乙烯 -丁二烯的三元共聚 物(MBS )等。
在本发明的聚氯乙烯组合物中, 基于 (a) 100重量份的聚氯乙烯树 脂, 可以包含 (h) 0 ~ 5重量份的润滑剂, 优选为 0.1 ~ 3重量份, 更优 选为 0.5 ~ 2重量份。作为优选, 本发明所述的润滑剂可以选自氧化聚 乙烯蜡、 聚乙烯蜡、 石蜡、 硬脂酸、 硬脂酸单甘脂、 硬脂酸季戊四醇 酯、 己二酸季戊四醇酯或硬脂酸钙的一种或多种。
在本发明的聚氯乙烯组合物中, 基于 (a) 100重量份的聚氯乙烯树 脂, 可以包含 (i) 0 ~ 10份的颜料, 优选为 1 ~ 8重量份, 更优选为 2 ~ 5 重量份。 作为优选, 本发明所述的颜料可以选自钛白粉、 炭黑、 群 青或荧光增白剂的一种或多种。
<增韧改性剂的制备 >
本发明所使用的增韧改性剂的制备方法并没有特殊限定, 只要能 够得到断裂伸长率大于 2201%且氯重量百分含量为 5 ~ 45wt%的橡胶 粉末即可。 下面举例说明增韧改性剂的制备方法。
( 1 )氯化聚乙烯按照以下方法制备:
在耐盐酸腐蚀的、 装有上下两端都固定的高搅拌强度的搅拌桨的 反应器中加入 0.01 ~ 1.00重量份的分散剂, 0.01 ~ 1.00重量份的乳化 剂, 然后加入分散介盾使三种辅助原料总重量份为 250重量份, 再加 入 15 ~ 40重量份的高密度聚乙烯, 0.01 ~ 0.5重量份的引发剂,在 30 ~ 300转 /分的搅拌转速下将反应物料的温度升高至 80 ~ 135°C后 (可以 通过调整搅拌转速以保证反应溶液与氯气混合均匀)。 然后开始通入 5-25重量份氯气, 通氯气的速度要维持反应压力平稳上升, 但不能高 于对应的饱和蒸汽压 0.05MPa, 通氯量满足在 135°C以下通入总氯气 量的 50%以下,在 135°C以上通入总氯气量的 50%以上的氯气。 离心, 干燥得到断裂伸长率大于 2201%的橡胶粉末。 作为优选, 可以首先在 1小时内通入占总通氯量 50%以下的氯气并升温至 135 ~ 145V , 然后 保持反应温度在 135°C以上,通入剩余的占总通氯量 50%以上的氯气。
上述步骤(1 )得到的氯化聚乙烯橡胶粉体可直接用于聚氯乙烯 树脂的低温增韧改性。 此外, 上述步骤(1 )得到的氯化聚乙烯橡胶 粉体也可以通过与 (曱基) 丙烯酸烷基酯进行接枝或互穿网絡共聚反 应得到氯化聚乙烯与 (曱基) 丙烯酸酯的共聚物, 从而形成断裂伸长 率为大于 2201%的橡胶粉体。
( 2 ) 氯化聚乙烯与 (甲基) 丙烯酸酯的共聚物按照以下方法制 备:
在反应器中加入 0.01 ~ 1.00重量份的分散剂, 0.01 0.50重量份 的引发剂、分散介质使三种辅助原料总重量份为 250重量份,加入 15 ~ 40重量份的步骤 ( 1 )得到的氯化聚乙烯、 0 0.50重量份的乳化剂, 维持搅拌转速在 30-300转 /分下,反应物料的温度升高至 70 ~ 90°C后, 再加入 1 ~ 40重量份的(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯, 保持反应温度在 80 ~ 85°C , 反 2 ~ 5小时后, 冷却至 40 °C以下, 离心, 干燥得到断裂伸 长率为大于 2201%的聚合物橡胶颗粒。
在生产本发明的增韧改性剂时, 上述高密度聚乙烯(HDPE ) 的 平均粒径 Dn (优选为 D50 )可以在 40到 140 米之间。 高密度聚乙 烯的粒径小于 40μηι时, 则氯化反应过程中反应溶液的粘度太大, 使 得反应搅拌困难,反应溶液的混合效果很差,氯化反应难以均匀进行。 如果高密度聚乙烯平均粒径大于 140微米 ,尽管反应溶液的粘度不大, 但是由于氯气很难进入 HDPE的内部, 所以氯化反应的速度变慢, 氯 化的均匀度下降, 使得增韧改性剂的性能下降。 本发明的增韧改性剂 的生产中所用的 HDPE的平均粒径 D50在 40 ~ 140微米之间, 优选 50 ~ 120微米, 最优选 60 ~ 100微米。
上述平均粒径采用泰勒筛分法获得, 具体测试方法如下: 取 200g 高密度聚乙烯在不同的筛网上进行震动筛分 10分钟, 然后测试筛网 上的重量, 取恰好筛下 50%重量时的粒径为平均粒径 D50。
在生产本发明的增韧改性剂时, 上述高密度聚乙烯(HDPE ) 的 熔融指数为 0,2 ~ 4.0 g/10min。熔融指数低于 0.2 g/10min,则增韧改性 剂与聚氯乙烯树脂的相容性下降, 不能均勾地分散到聚氯乙烯树脂 中, 使材料的力学性能下降; 熔融指数高于 4.0 g/10min, 则聚氯乙烯 组合物的拉伸强度等力学性能会大幅度下降。 所以 HDPE的熔融指数 为 0.2 ~ 4.0 g/10min,优选 0.3 ~ 3.0 g/10min,更优选 0.4 ~ 1.0 g/10min。 上述熔融指数采用 ASTM D1238测定。
在生产本发明的增韧改性剂时, 本发明的反应釜的材质优选为爆 炸复合材料。 上述反应釜的介质接触面为耐盐酸腐蚀的材料, 例如, 可以选自钛钯合金、 锆材或钽材。 粘结层为纯钛爆炸复合粘结层, 承 重层为碳钢。 反应釜的搅拌浆为上下两端分别固定在反应釜的上下两 端。 读搅拌浆可以自由高速转动。 该搅拌浆为耐盐酸腐蚀的高搅拌强 度的搅拌桨, 例如锆材搅拌桨。 我们发现, 由于在生产高断裂伸长率 的氯化聚乙烯时,反应液的粘度很大,要保证氯气和反应液混合均匀,
需要很高的搅拌强度和搅拌速度, 而普通的固定在反应釜上端的搅拌 桨,在高粘度的反应液中高强度搅拌时,搅拌桨容易产生强烈的晃动, 进而使反应釜产生强烈的震动, 造成反应釜的破坏。 因此, 本发明优 选使用上下两端都固定的高搅拌强度的搅拌桨。
在本发明的增韧改性剂制备过程中, 通常所使用的分散介质为 水。
在本发明的增韧改性剂制备过程中, 所使用的分散剂的种类并没 有特别限定。 例如, 所使用的分散剂可以包括水溶性的 (甲基) 丙烯 酸烷基酯和(甲基) 丙烯酸的共聚物。 再如, 所使用的分散剂可以包 括水溶性的 (曱基) 丙烯酸垸基酯和(曱基) 丙烯酸的共聚物与白炭 黑的混合物。其中, 烷基酯中的烷基优选为 0( 12的烷基, CrC5的烷 基, CrC3的烷基。 烷基的实例包括但不限于: 甲基、 乙基、 丙基、 丁 基、 戊基、 己基、 庚基、 辛基、 壬基、 癸基、 十一烷基、 十二烷基。
在本发明的增韧改性剂制备过程中, 所使用的乳化剂的种类并没 有特别限定。 例如, 所使用的乳化剂可以包括聚氧乙烯烷基醚、 聚氧 乙烯脂肪酸酯或十二垸基^ <酸钠。
在本发明的增韧改性剂制备过程中, 引发剂可以是水溶性的聚合 引发剂和油溶性的聚合引发剂。 例如, 引发剂可以是无机引发剂 (例 如过^ >酸盐)、 有机过氧化物或偶氮化合物。 这些引发剂可以单独使 用; 也可以与亚硫酸益, 硫代硫酸盐, 曱醒化次硫酸氢钠等组成氧化 -还原体系一起使用。在本发明的引发剂中, 过硫酸盐可以选自过硫酸 钠、过硫酸钾、过硫酸铵等。有机过氧化物可以选自叔丁基过氧化氢、 过氧化苯甲酰等。
根据使用的目的和反应情况, 通过调整适当的搅拌强度、 原材料 粒径、 反应温度、 通氯的速度和通氯量可以得到所需要的断裂伸长率 的增韧改性剂。
总体而言, 本发明的增韧改性剂可以通过一步反应、 二步或多步 反应获得。 如果使用二步或多步反应时, 要在确认前一步反应已经完 成后再加入下一步的反应物。 据此, 每一步的反应物和下一步的反座 物不相混。
在反应完成后, 所得到的聚合物橡胶颗粒根椐需要采用常规方式 进行离心、 水洗和干燥。 下面通过实施例和比较例详细的说明本发明, 其中所有的 "份"与 "% "均按重量计, 除非另有所指。 应特别需要被理解的是本发明并不
局限于这些例子。 <测试方法 >
( 1 )增韧改性剂的断裂伸长率的测定:
按照 GB/T 528-2009(硫化橡胶或热塑性橡胶拉伸应力应变性能的 测定)进行测定。 试样按照 HG/T2704-2010 中第 5,9节的规定进行制 备: 压片温度 85±2。C, 混炼时间 3min, 平板硫化温度 130°C , 恒温 5min, 保压 2min。 试样采用 1型哑铃状试样, 拉力试验机的拉伸速度 为 500mm/min。 试验温度按照 GB/T2941-2006 中的规定, 温度为 24°C ~ 25°C ; 相对湿度为 50±5%0 拉力试验机采用改进的型号为 UTM-1422的万能试睑机(承德市 金建检测仪器有限公司), 具体参数如下:
型号 UTM-1422 最大试 -险力 10kN
试验机级别 0.5级
试验力测量范围 0.2% - 100%FS
试验力示值相对误差 ±0.5%
试险力分辨力 1/200000
变形测量范围 0.2 ~ 100 % FS
测 变形示值相对误差 ±0.5%以内
里 变形分辨力 1/200000
参 大变形测量范围 5 ~ 800mm
数 大变形示值相对误差 ±0.50ο/ο以内
大变形分辨力 0.0125mm
弯曲挠度引伸计测量 15mm
弯曲挠度引伸计分辨率 0.001mm
弯曲挠度引伸计精度 0.005mm
横梁位移示值相对误差 ±0.50%以内
位移分辨力 0.001mm
控 力控速率调节范围 0.005 ~ 5 % FS/S
制 力控速率相对误差 ±l0/o设定值以内
P T/CN2013/087977
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( 2 )聚氯乙烯组合物的断裂伸长率的测定:
按照 GB/T 1040.1-2006 (塑料拉伸性能的测定 第 1部分: 总则 ) 进行测定。试验条件按 GB/T1040.2-2006 (塑料拉伸性能的测定 第 2 部分: 模塑和挤塑塑料的试验条件) 中的规定进行。 试样采用 1B型 哑铃状试样。 试验机的拉伸速度为 5mm/min。 试验温度按照 GB/T2918-1998中的规定, 温度为 24°C ~ 25°C ; 相对湿度为 50±5%。
( 3 )反应转化率的测定:
根据以下公式计算反应的转化率:
反应转化率 = (生成的橡胶粉末的重量 /进料反应物的量) X 100%; 其中氯气为反应物时, 氯气的量按实际加入量的二分之一计算。
( 4 )粉体粒径的测定:
采用泰勒筛分法( Taylor Sieve Method )测定。具体测试方法如下: 取 200g样品在不同的筛网上进行震动筛分 10分钟, 然后测试筛网上
的重量, 取恰好筛下 50%重量时的粒径为平均粒径 D50。
(5) 高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)的熔融指数的测定:
采用 ASTMD1238测定, 温度为 190°C, 载荷为 5.0kg。 熔融指数 的单位为 g/10min。
<挤出机的成型条件和规格 >
用于挤出聚氯乙烯片材制品的挤出机各个区段温度如下: C1=165°C, C2=175°C, C3=185°C。 模头温度 =185°C。
挤出机的规格如下:
螺杆: 长径比(L/D) =25, 压縮比 =2.5, 主机转速 =60转 /分。 模头: 宽 =100mm, 厚 =3mm。 实施例 1
(1)增韧改性剂的制备:
向耐盐酸腐蚀的、装有上下两端都固定的锆材搅拌桨的反应釜中, 加入 0.28份溶入水的甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丙烯酸共聚物作为分散剂, 加 入 0.04份的聚氧乙烯十二烷基醚作为乳化剂, 然后加入水, 使总用水 量和所有的辅助原料为 250份,再加入 35份的平均粒径 D50为 95μηι 的高密度聚乙婦、 0.025份的过氧化苯甲酰, 在 85转 /分搅拌下, 将反 应物料的温度升高至 80°C后, 开始通入 42份氯气, 然后一边通氯气 一边升温至 135。C, 升温时间为 1小时, 在升温时间内通入的氯气量 为 19份, 升温和通氯气同时进行, 在反应温度达到 135°C后, 保持温 度在 135 ~ 138°C,以每小时 23份的速度通入剩余的 23份氯气。离心, 干燥后得到断裂伸长率为 2230%的橡胶粉末(样品 1 )。
反应的转化率为 99.5°/。, 氯含量(即氯重量百分含量, 下同) 为 37.3%, 粉体的平均粒径 D50为 190微米。
(2)聚氯乙烯组合物和聚氯乙烯片状制品的制备:
在高速混合器中, 加入 100份的聚氯乙烯(中国石油化工公司齐 鲁分公司生产的 S-1000, 平均聚合度为 1000), 8份的上述橡胶粉末 (样品 1), 3份的 MBS (RK-56P), 5份的碳酸钙, 5份的二氧化钛, 2份的甲基锡(锡含量为 18%)热稳定剂, 1份的硬脂酸 , 0.5份的 石蜡(熔点为 60°C ), 0.5份的聚乙烯蜡(熔点为 110°C ), 然后开启搅 拌, 内部升温至 120°C, 冷却后得到粉末状聚氯乙烯组合物。 将该组
合物在挤出机上挤出得到聚氯乙烯组合物片状制品。 测试断裂伸长 率, 实验结果参见表 1。 实施例 2
( 1 )增韧改性剂的制备:
向装有搅拌桨的反应器中加入水, 0.1 份的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丙 烯酸共聚物分散剂, 0.05份的过氧化苯甲酰, 使总用水量和所有的辅 助原料为 250份, 再加入 30份的样品 1 , 0.1份的十二烷基硫酸钠, 在 60 转 /分的搅拌下, 一边通入氮气一边将反应物料的温度升高至 80°C后, 再加入 3份的丙烯酸丁酯和 1份甲基丙烯酸曱酯, 保持温度 在 80到 85°C , 反应 3小时后, 冷却至 40°C以下。 离心, 干燥得到断 裂伸长率为 2260%的橡胶粉末(样品 2 )。
反应的转化率为 98.3%, 粉体的平均粒径 D50为 310微米。
( 2 )聚氯乙烯组合物和聚氯乙烯片状制品的制备:
聚氯乙烯组合物和聚氯乙烯组合物片状制品的制备方法与实施例 1相同。 测试断裂伸长率, 实验结果参见表 1。 实施例 3
( 1 )增韧改性剂的制备:
向耐盐酸腐蚀的、装有上下两端都固定的锆材搅拌桨的反应釜中, 加入 0.28份溶入水的甲基丙烯酸曱酯-丙烯酸共聚物作为分散剂, 加 入 0.04份的聚氧乙烯十二烷基醚作为乳化剂, 然后加入水, 使总用水 量和所有的辅助原料为 250份,再加入 35份的平均粒径 D50为 95μηι 的高密度聚乙烯、 0.025份的过氧化苯曱酰, 在 85转 /分搅拌下, 将反 应物料的温度升高至 85°C后, 开始通入 42份氯气, 然后一边通氯气 一边升温至 135°C , 升温时间为 1小时, 在升温时间内通入的氯气量 为 19份, 升温和通氯气同时进行, 在反应温度达到 135 C后, 保持温 度在 135 - 138°C ,以每小时 23份的速度通入剩余的 23份氯气。离心、 干燥后得到断裂伸长率为 2320%的橡胶粉末(样品 3 )。
反应的转化率为 99.3%, 氯含量为 37.2%, 粉体的平均粒径 D50 为 200微米。
( 2 )聚氯乙烯组合物和聚氯乙烯片状制品的制备:
聚氯乙烯组合物与聚氯乙烯組合物片状制品的制备方法与实施例
1相同。 测试断裂伸长率, 实验结果参见表 1。 实施例 4
( 1 )增韧改性剂的制备:
向耐盐酸腐蚀的、 装有上下两端都固定的锆材搅拌桨的反应釜中, 加入 0.28份溶入水的曱基丙烯酸曱酯-丙烯酸共聚物作为分散剂, 加 入 0.04份的聚氧乙烯十二烷基醚为乳化剂, 然后加入水, 使总用水量 和所有的辅助原料为 250份, 再加入 35份的平均粒径 D50为 95μπι 的高密度聚乙烯、 0.025份的过氧化苯甲酰, 在 85转 /分搅拌下, 将反 应物料的温度升高至 95°C后, 开始通入 42份氯气, 然后一边通氯气 一边升温至 135°C , 升温时间为 1小时, 在升温时间内通入的氯气量 为 19份, 升温和通氯气同时进行, 在反应温度达到 135°C后, 保持温 度在 135 - 138。C ,以每小时 23份的速度通入剩余的 23份氯气。离心、 干燥后得到断裂伸长率为 2380°/。的橡胶粉末(样品 4 )。
反应的转化率为 99.1%, 氯含量为 37.1%, 粉体的平均粒径 D50 为 210 ί米。
( 2 )聚氯乙烯组合物和聚氯乙烯片状制品的制备:
聚氯乙烯组合物和聚氯乙烯組合物片状制品的制备方法与实施例 1相同。 测试断裂伸长率, 实验结果参见表 1。 实施例 5
( 1 )增韧改性剂的制备:
向耐盐酸腐蚀的、 装有上下两端都固定的锆材搅拌桨的反应釜中, 加入 0.32份溶入水的甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丙烯酸共聚物作为分散剂, 加 入 0.05份的聚氧乙烯十二烷基醚作为乳化剂, 然后加入水, 使总用水 量和所有的辅助原料为 250份,再加入 35份的平均粒径 D50为 95μπι 的高密度聚乙烯、 0.03份的过氧化苯曱酰, 在 100转 /分搅拌下, 将反 应物料的温度升高至 100°C后, 开始通入 42份氯气, 然后一边通氯气 一边升温至 135°C , 升温时间为 1小时, 在升温时间内通入的氯气量 为 19份, 升温和通氯气同时进行, 在反应温度达到 135 C后, 保持温 度在 135 ~ 138°C,以每小时 23份的速度通入剩余的 23份氯气。离心、 干燥后得到断裂伸长率为 2430%的橡胶粉末 (样品 5 )。
反应的转化率为 98.9%, 氯含量为 37.0%, 粉体的平均粒径 D50 为 230微米。
( 2 )聚氯乙烯组合物和聚氯乙烯片状制品的制备: 聚氯乙烯组合物和聚氯乙烯组合物片状制品的制备方法与实施例 1相同。 测试断裂伸长率, 实验结果参见表 1。
实施例 6
( 1 )增韧改性剂的制备:
向耐盐酸腐蚀的、 装有上下两端都固定的锆材搅拌桨的反应釜中, 加入 0.34份溶入水的甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丙烯酸共聚物作为分散剂, 加 入 0.06份的聚氧乙烯十二烷基醚作为乳化剂, 然后加入水, 使总用水 量和所有的辅助原料为 250份,再加入 35份的平均粒径 D50为 95μπι 的高密度聚乙烯、 0.035份的过氧化苯甲酰, 在 125转 /分搅拌下, 将 反应物料的温度升高至 105°C后, 开始通 42份氯气, 然后一边通氯气 一边升温至 135°C , 升温时间为 1小时, 在升温时间内通入的氯气量 为 19份, 升温和通氯气同时进行, 在反应温度达到 135 °C后, 保持温 度在 135 ~ 138°C ,以每小时 23份的速度通入剩余的 23份氯气。离心、 干燥后得到断裂伸长率为 2490%的橡胶粉末(样品 6 )。
反应的转化率为 98.5%, 氯含量为 36.9%, 粉体的平均粒径 D50 为 250 4啟米。
( 2 )聚氯乙烯组合物和聚氯乙烯片状制品的制备:
聚氯乙烯组合物和聚氯乙烯组合物片状制品的制备方法与实施例 1相同。 测试断裂伸长率, 实验结果参见表 1。
实施例 7
( 1 )增韧改性剂的制备:
向耐盐酸腐蚀的、 装有上下两端都固定的锆材搅拌桨的反应釜中, 加入 0.35份溶入水的甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丙烯酸共聚物作为分散剂, 加 入 0.07份的聚氧乙烯十二烷基醚作为乳化剂 , 然后加入水, 使总用水 量和所有的辅助原料为 250份,再加入 35份的平均粒径 D50为 80μηι 的高密度聚乙烯、 0.035份的过氧化苯曱酰, 在 120转 /分搅拌下, 将 反应物料的温度升高至 80°C后, 开始通入 42份氯气, 然后一边通氯 气一边升温至 135 °C, 升温时间为 1 小时, 在升温时间内通入的氯气 量为 18份, 升温和通氯气同时进行, 在反应温度达到 135°C后, 保持 温度在 135 ~ 138°C, 以每小时 24份的速度通入剩余的 24份氯气。 离
心、 干燥后得到断裂伸长率为 2530%的橡胶粉末(样品 7 )。
反应的转化率为 99.5%, 氯含量为 37.3%, 粉体的平均粒径 D50 为 180微米。
( 2 )聚氯乙烯组合物和聚氯乙烯片状制品的制备:
聚氯乙烯组合物和聚氯乙烯组合物片状制品的制备方法与实施例 1相同。 测试断裂伸长率, 实验结果参见表 1。
实施例 8
( 1 )增韧改性剂的制备:
向耐盐酸腐蚀的、 装有上下两端都固定的锆材搅拌桨的反应釜中, 加入 0.45份溶入水的甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丙烯酸共聚物作为分散剂, 加 入 0.07份的聚氧乙烯十二烷基醚作为乳化剂, 然后加入水, 使总用水 量和所有的辅助原料为 250份,再加入 35份的平均粒径 D50为 73μιη 的高密度聚乙烯、 0.035份的过氧化苯曱酰, 在 125转 /分搅拌下, 将 反应物料的温度升高至 90°C后, 开始通入 42份氯气, 然后一边通氯 气一边升温至 135 C , 升温时间为 1小时, 在升温时间内通入的氯气 量为 18份, 升温和通氯气同时进行, 在反应温度达到 137°C后, 将搅 拌速度提高至 130转 /分, 保持温度在 137 ~ 140°C , 以每小时 24份的 速度通入剩余的 24份氯气。 离心、 干燥后得到断裂伸长率为 2640% 的橡胶粉末(样品 8 )。
反应的转化率为 99.5%, 氯含量为 37.3%, 粉体的平均粒径 D50 为 170微米。
( 2 )聚氯乙烯组合物和聚氯乙烯片状制品的制备:
聚氯乙烯组合物和聚氯乙烯组合物片状制品的制备方法与实施例 1相同。 测试断裂伸长率, 实验结果参见表 1。
实施例 9
( 1 )增韧改性剂的制备:
向装有搅拌浆的 30升的反应器中,加入 0.30份溶入水的甲基丙烯 酸曱酯-丙烯酸共聚物作为分散剂, 加入 0.28份的聚氧乙烯十二烷基 醚作为乳化剂,然后加入水,使总用水量和所有的辅助原料为 250份, 再加入 25份的样品 8、 0.12份的过疏酸钟, 在 60转 /分搅拌下反应物 料的温度升高至 80°C后,然后加入 2份的丙烯酸辛酯和 1份的曱基丙 烯酸丁酯, 保持温度在 80 - 85°C , 反应 4小时后, 冷却至 40°C以下。
离心, 干燥得到断裂伸长率为 2725%的橡胶粉末(样品 9 )。
反应的转化率为 97.9%, 粉体的平均粒径 D50为 330微米。
( 2 )聚氯乙烯组合物和聚氯乙烯片状制品的制备:
聚氯乙烯組合物和聚氯乙烯组合物片状制品的制备方法与实施例
1相同。 测试断裂伸长率, 实验结果参见表 1。 实施例 10
( 1 )增韧改性剂的制备:
向耐盐酸腐蚀的、 装有上下两端都固定的锆材搅拌桨的反应釜中, 加入 0.45份溶入水的曱基丙烯酸甲酯-丙烯酸共聚物作为分散剂, 加 入 0.07份的聚氧乙烯十二烷基醚作为乳化剂, 然后加入水, 使总用水 量和所有的辅助原料为 250份,再加入 35份的平均粒径 D50为 60μπι 的高密度聚乙烯、 0.035份的过氧化苯甲酰, 在 130转 /分搅拌下, 将 反应物料的温度升高至 85°C后, 开始通入 42份氯气, 然后一边通氯 气一边升温至 135 C , 升温时间为 1小时, 在升温时间内通入的氯气 量为 18份, 升温和通氯气同时进行, 在反应温度达到 137°C后, 将搅 拌速度提高至 135转 /分, 保持温度在 137 ~ 140°C , 以每小时 24份的 速度通入剩余的 24份氯气。 离心、 干燥后得到断裂伸长率为 2930% 的橡胶粉末(样品 10 )。
反应的转化率为 99.5%, 氯含量为 37.3%, 粉体的平均粒径 D50 为 16(H鼓米。
( 2 )聚氯乙烯组合物和聚氯乙烯片状制品的制备:
聚氯乙烯组合物和聚氯乙烯组合物片状制品的制备方法与实施例 1相同。 测试断裂伸长率, 实验结果参见表 1。 比较例 1
( 1 ) 改性剂的制备:
向耐盐酸腐蚀的、 装有上下两端都固定的锆材搅拌桨的反应釜中, 加入 0.20份溶入水的甲基丙烯酸曱酯-丙烯酸共聚物作为分散剂, 加 入 0.30份的聚氧乙烯十二烷基醚作为乳化剂, 然后加入水, 使总用水 量和所有的辅助原料为 250份,再加入 35份的平均粒径 D50为 160μπι 的高密度聚乙烯、 0.15份的过氧化苯甲酰, 在 90转 /分搅拌下, 将反 应物料的温度升高至 80°C后, 开始通入 42份氯气, 然后一边通氯气 一边升温至 135°C, 升温时间为 1小时, 在升温时间内通入的氯气量
为 25份, 升温和通氯气同时进行, 在反应温度达到 135°C后, 将搅拌 速度提高至 140转 /分, 保持温度在 135 ~ 137°C , 以每小时 16份的速 度通入剩余的 17份氯气。 离心、 干燥后得到断裂伸长率为 2030%的 橡胶粉末(对比样品 1 )。
反应的转化率为 99.0%, 氯含量为 37.1%,粉体的平均粒径 D50为 260微米。
( 2 )聚氯乙烯组合物和聚氯乙烯片状制品的制备:
聚氯乙烯组合物和聚氯乙烯组合物片状制品的制备方法与实施例 1相同。 测试断裂伸长率, 实验结果参见表 1。 比较例 2
( 1 )改性剂的制备:
向耐盐酸腐蚀的、 装有上下两端都固定的锆材搅拌桨的反应釜中, 加入 0.35份溶入水的曱基丙烯酸甲酯-丙烯酸共聚物作为分散剂, 加 入 0.40份的聚氧乙烯十二烷基醚作为乳化剂, 然后加入水, 使总用水 量和所有的辅助原料为 250份,再加入 35份的平均粒径 D50为 180μηι 的高密度聚乙烯、 0.15份的过氧化苯曱酰, 在 120转 /分搅拌下, 将反 应物料的温度升高至 80°C后, 开始通入 42份氯气, 然后一边通氯气 一边升温至 137 C , 升温时间为 1小时, 在升温时间内通入的氯气量 为 25份;' 升温和通氯气同时进行, 在反应温度达到 137°C后, 将搅拌 速度提高至 125转 /分, 保持温度在 137 - 140°C , 以每小时 15份的速 度通入剩余的 17份氯气。 得到断裂伸长率为 1630%的橡胶粉末(对 比样品 2 )。
反应的转化率为 99.0%, 氯含量为 37.1%, 粉体的平均粒径 D50 为 2S0微米。
( 2 )聚氯乙烯组合物和聚氯乙烯片状制品的制备:
聚氯乙烯组合物和聚氯乙烯組合物片状制品的制备方法与实施例 1相同。 测试断裂伸长率, 实验结果参见表 1。 比较例 3
改性剂的制备:
向普通的安装有单端固定的搅拌桨的反应器中, 加入 0.35份溶入 水的甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丙烯酸共聚物作为分散剂, 加入 0.40份的聚氧
乙烯十二炕基醚作为乳化剂, 然后加入水, 使总用水量和所有的辅助 原料为 250份, 再加入 30份的平均粒径 D50为 80μπι的高密度聚乙 烯、 0.15份的过氧化苯甲酰, 在 120转 /分搅拌下, 将反应物料的温度 升高至 8(TC后, 开始通入 35 份氯气, 然后一边通氯气一边升温至 137°C , 升温时间为 1小时, 在升温时间内通入的氯气量为 15份, 升 温和通氯气同时进行, 在反应温度达到 137°C后, 将搅拌速度提高至 140转 /分, 保持温度在 137 ~ 140°C, 以每小时 20份的速度通入剩余 的 20份氣气, 当在 137°C以上通入的氯气量达到 6份时, 反应液的粘 度开始增大, 搅拌浆开始剧烈晃动, 反应釜开始晃动, 反应釜内的压 力开始快速上升, 氯化反应速度急剧下降, 为了防止出现安全事故, 立即停止通氯, 快速降温停止了反应。 反应失败。
除了改变增韧改性剂 (样品 7 )在聚氯乙烯组合物中的用量之夕卜, 其余步骤和条件与实施例 7相同。 在实施例 11、 12、 13、 14中, 样品 7的用量依次为 6份、 7份、 9份、 11份。 实验结果参见表 2。
比较例 4 - 5
除了改变增韧改性剂(样品 7 )在聚氯乙烯組合物中的用量之外, 其佘步骤和条件与实施例 Ί相同。 在比较例 4、 5中, 样品 7的用量 依次为 1份、 1.8份。 实验结果参见表 2。
比较例 6
除了改变增韧改性剂(样品 7 )在聚氯乙烯组合物中的用量之外, 其余步骤和条件与实施例 7相同。 在比较例 7中, 样品 7的用量为 28 份。 由于聚氯乙烯组合物的加工性能差, 在挤出机中不能挤出成型。 实验结果参见表 2。 表 2
Claims
1、 一种聚氯乙烯组合物, 其特征在于, 按重量份计, 包括以下 组分:
(a) 100份的聚氯乙烯树脂, 和
(b) 2 ~ 16份的增韧改性剂;
其中, 所述的增韧改性剂是断裂伸长率大于 2201%、 且氯重量百 分含量为 5― 45wt%的橡胶粉体;
所述的断裂伸长率通过 GB/T528-2009测定;
所述的氯重量百分含量通过 GB/T7139-2002的方法 A进行测定。
2、 根据权利要求 1 所述的聚氯乙烯组合物, 其特征在于, 按重 量份计, 还包括以下组分:
(c) 0.5 - 5份的稳定剂 ,
(d) 0 50份的填充物, 和
(e) 0 ~ 50份的木粉, 和
f) 0 ~ 10份的含丙烯酸酯的聚合物, 和
(g) 0 - 8份的抗冲击改性剂, 和
(h) 0 ~ 5份的润滑剂, 和
(i) 0 ~ 10份的颜料。
3、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的聚氯乙烯组合物, 其特征在于, 所述的聚氯乙烯树脂为聚氯乙烯均聚物或聚氯乙烯共聚物;
其中,聚氯乙烯共聚物包含 80 ~ 99.99 %的氯乙烯单元和 0.01 -
20wt%的由其他单体形成的单元;
所述的其他单体选自醋酸乙烯酯、 丙烯、 苯乙烯、 曱基丙烯酸的
C C 烷基酯、 丙烯酸的 d - Cu烷基酯的一种或多种。
4、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的聚氯乙烯组合物, 其特征在于, 所述的增韧改性剂选自以下物质组成的组: 氯化聚乙烯、 氯化聚乙烯 与 (曱基) 丙烯酸酯的共聚物、 或者氯化聚乙烯与 (甲基) 丙烯酸酯 聚合物的混合物。
5、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的聚氯乙烯组合物, 其特征在于, 在所述的增韧改性剂中, 基于增韧改性剂的总重量, (甲基) 丙烯酸 烷基酯的重量百分含量为 0 ~ 50wt%。
6、 根据权利要求 2所述的聚氯乙烯組合物, 其特征在于: 所述的稳定剂选自有机锡热稳定剂、 钙锌稳定剂或铅盐稳定剂;
所述的填充物选自碳酸钙、 滑石粉或白炭黑;
所述的含丙烯酸酯的聚合物选自含有曱基丙烯酸烷基酯和丙烯 酸烷基酯的共聚物;
所述的抗冲击改性剂选自由曱基丙烯酸曱酯、 苯乙烯和丁二烯形 成的共聚物;
所述的润滑剂选自氧化聚乙烯蜡、 聚乙烯蜡、 石蜡、 硬脂酸、 硬 脂酸单甘脂、 硬脂酸季戊四醇酯、 己二酸季戊四醇酯或硬脂酸钙; 所述的颜料选自钛白粉、 炭黑、 群青颜料或荧光增白剂。
7、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的聚氯乙烯组合物的制备方法, 其 特征在于, 该制备方法包括增韧改性剂的制备步骤, 具体如下:
在耐盐酸腐蚀的、 装有搅拌桨的反应釜中加入 0.01 ~ 1.00重量份 的分散剂, 0.01 - 1.00重量份的乳化剂, 然后加入分散介盾, 使分散 剂、 乳化剂和分散介质的总重量份为 250重量份; 再加入 15 ~ 40重 量份的高密度聚乙烯, 0.01 ~0.5重量份的引发剂, 在 30~300转 /分 的搅拌转速下将反应物料的温度升高至 80― 135V;然后开始通入 5 - 25重量份氯气, 通氯气的速度要维持反应压力平稳上升, 但不能高于 对应的饱和蒸气压 O.OSMPa; 通氯量满足在 135 °C以下通入总氯气量 的 50%以下, 在 135°C以上通入总氯气量的 50%以上的氯气。
8、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的聚氯乙烯组合物的制备方法, 其 特征在于, 该制备方法包括增韧改性剂的制备步骤, 具体如下:
( 1 )氯化聚乙烯的制备:
在耐盐酸腐蚀的、装有搅拌桨的反应釜中加入 0.01 ~ 1.00重量份的 分散剂, 0.01 1.00重量份的乳化剂, 然后加入分散介质, 使分散剂、 乳化剂和分散介盾的总重量份为 250重量份; 再加入 15~40重量份 的高密度聚乙烯, 0.01 ~(λ5重量份的引发剂, 在 30 300转 /分的搅 拌转速下将反应物料的温度升高至 80- 135°C; 然后开始通入 5~25 重量份氯气, 通氯气的速度要维持反应压力平稳上升, 但不能高于对 应的饱和蒸气压 O.OSMPa; 通氯量满足在 135°C以下通入总氯气量的 50%以下, 在 135°C以上通入总氯气量的 50%以上的氯气;
(2)氯化聚乙烯与 (甲基) 丙烯酸酯共聚物的制备:
在反应器中加入 0.01 1.00重量份的分散剂, 0.01 ~ 0.50重量份的 引发剂、分散介质,其中分散剂、引发剂和分散介质的总重量份为 250 重量份; 加入 15 ~ 40重量份的步骤(1 )得到的氯化聚乙烯、 0~0.50 重量份的乳化剂, 维持搅拌转速在 30 ~ 300转 /分下, 反应物料的温度
升高至 70 ~ 90°C后, 再加入 1 - 40重量份的 (曱基) 丙烯酸烷基酯, 保持反应温度在 80 ~ 85°C, 反应 2 ~ 5小时后, 冷却至 40°C以下。
9、 根据权利要求 Ί或 8所述的聚氯乙烯组合物的制备方法, 其 特征在于, 所述反应釜的介质接触面为耐盐酸腐蚀的钛钯合金、 锆材 或钽材; 所述的搅拌浆为上下两端分别固定在反应釜的上下两端, 且 可自由转动的耐盐酸腐蚀的锆材搅拌桨。
10、 根据权利要求 7或 8所述的聚氯乙烯组合物的制备方法, 其 特征在于, 所述的高密度聚乙烯的平均粒径 D50为 40 ~ 140微米; 该平均粒径采用泰勒篩分法获得, 具体测试方法如下: 取 200g 高密度聚乙烯在不同的筛网上进行震动筛分 10分钟, 然后测试筛网 上的重量, 取恰好筛下 50%重量时的粒径为平均粒径 D50。
11、根椐权利要求 10所述的聚氯乙烯组合物的制备方法,其特征 在于, 所述的高密度聚乙烯的熔融指数为 0.2 ~ 4.0 g/10min; 该熔融指 数采用 ASTM D1238测定, 温度为 19CTC , 载荷为 5.0kg。
12、 一种增韧改性剂, 其特征在于:
所述的增韧改性剂选自氯化聚乙烯、 或者氯化聚乙烯与 (甲基) 丙烯酸酯的共聚物;
所述的增韧改性剂是断裂伸长率大于 2201%、 且氯重量百分含量 为 5 ~ 45wt%的橡胶粉体;
所述的断裂伸长率通过 GB/T528-2009测定;
所述的氯重量百分含量通过 GB/T7139-2002的方法 A进行测定。
13、 根据权利要求 12 所述的增韧改性剂的制备方法, 其特征在 于, 所述的增韧改性剂为氯化聚乙烯, 具体制备步骤如下:
在耐盐酸腐蚀的、 装有搅拌桨的反应釜中加入 0.01 ~ 1.00重量份 的分散剂, 0.01 ~ 1.00重量份的乳化剂, 然后加入分散介质, 使分散 剂、 乳化剂和分散介质的总重量份为 250重量份; 再加入 15 - 40重 量份的高密度聚乙烯, 0.01 ~ 0.5重量份的引发剂, 在 30 ~ 300转 /分 的搅拌转速下将反应物料的温度升高至 80 - 135°C ;然后开始通入 5 ~ 25重量份氯气, 通氯气的速度要维持反庶压力平稳上升, 但不能高于 对应的饱和蒸气压 0.05MPa; 通氯量满足在 135 °C以下通入总氯气量 的 50%以下, 在 135°C以上通入总氯气量的 50%以上的氯气。
14、 根据权利要求 12所述的增韧改性剂的制备方法, 其特征在 于, 所述的增韧改性剂为氯化聚乙烯与 (曱基) 丙烯酸酯的共聚物, 具体制备步骤如下:
( 1 )氯化聚乙烯的制备:
在耐盐酸腐蚀的、装有搅拌桨的反应釜中加入 0.01 ~ 1.00重量份的 分散剂, 0.01 ~ 1.00重量份的乳化剂, 然后加入分散介质, 使分散剂、 乳化剂和分散介质的总重量份为 250重量份; 再加入 15~40重量份 的高密度聚乙烯, 0.01 ~ 0.5重量份的引发剂, 在 30~300转 /分的搅 拌转速下将反应物料的温度升高至 80~ 135°C; 然后开始通入 5 25 重量份氯气, 通氯气的速度要维持反应压力平稳上升, 但不能高于对 应的饱和蒸气压 0.05MPa; 通氯量满足在 135°C以下通入总氯气量的 50%以下, 在 135C以上通入总氯气量的 50%以上的氯气;
(2)氯化聚乙烯与 (甲基) 丙烯酸酯共聚物的制备:
在反应器中加入 0.01 ~ 1.00重量份的分散剂, 0.01 ~ 0.50重量份的 引发剂、分散介质,其中分散剂、引发剂和分散介质的总重量份为 250 重量份; 加入 15- 40重量份的步骤(1)得到的氯化聚乙烯、 0~0.50 重量份的乳化剂, 维持搅拌转速在 30 ~ 300转 /分下, 反应物料的温度 升高至 70~9(TC后, 再加入 1 -40重量份的 (曱基) 丙烯酸烷基酯, 保持反应温度在 80 ~ 85 °C, 反应 2~5小时后, 冷却至 40°C以下。
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| CN104004302B (zh) * | 2014-06-13 | 2016-06-08 | 山东日科化学股份有限公司 | 一种低密度聚氯乙烯发泡材料及其制备方法 |
| CN104072852B (zh) * | 2014-07-17 | 2016-04-20 | 广东京华新材料科技股份有限公司 | 一种纳米碳酸钙填充hdpe材料及其制备方法 |
| CN104893137A (zh) * | 2015-03-21 | 2015-09-09 | 山东日科化学股份有限公司 | 一种高断裂吸收能聚氯乙烯管材组合物及其制备方法 |
| CN105693891A (zh) * | 2016-04-23 | 2016-06-22 | 山东日科橡塑科技有限公司 | 一种聚氯乙烯低温增韧改性剂及含有增韧改性剂的聚氯乙烯混合物 |
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| CN120349469B (zh) * | 2025-06-20 | 2025-08-26 | 潍坊硕邑化学有限公司 | 一种高韧耐候耐高温氯化聚氯乙烯及其生产方法 |
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- 2013-05-09 CN CN201310169434.XA patent/CN103224674B/zh active Active
- 2013-11-27 WO PCT/CN2013/087977 patent/WO2014180119A1/zh not_active Ceased
- 2013-11-27 US US14/890,126 patent/US9587101B2/en active Active
- 2013-11-27 EP EP13883937.8A patent/EP2995646B1/en active Active
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| US4433105A (en) * | 1980-10-16 | 1984-02-21 | Mitsui Petrochemical Industries, Ltd. | Chlorinated rubber and polyvinyl chloride composition containing the same |
| CN102634138A (zh) * | 2012-04-27 | 2012-08-15 | 山东日科化学股份有限公司 | 一种高断裂伸长率的聚氯乙烯混合物 |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20160115308A1 (en) | 2016-04-28 |
| CN103224674B (zh) | 2015-09-02 |
| CN103224674A (zh) | 2013-07-31 |
| EP2995646A4 (en) | 2016-09-28 |
| US9587101B2 (en) | 2017-03-07 |
| EP2995646B1 (en) | 2020-02-19 |
| EP2995646A1 (en) | 2016-03-16 |
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