WO2015106436A1 - 一种还原氧化石墨烯的修复方法 - Google Patents

一种还原氧化石墨烯的修复方法 Download PDF

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WO2015106436A1
WO2015106436A1 PCT/CN2014/070801 CN2014070801W WO2015106436A1 WO 2015106436 A1 WO2015106436 A1 WO 2015106436A1 CN 2014070801 W CN2014070801 W CN 2014070801W WO 2015106436 A1 WO2015106436 A1 WO 2015106436A1
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graphene oxide
reduced graphene
mixture
crude product
hours
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French (fr)
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张明东
张麟德
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Shenzhen Yuewang Energy Saving Technology Service Co Ltd
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Shenzhen Yuewang Energy Saving Technology Service Co Ltd
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Priority to EP14878598.3A priority Critical patent/EP3085666B1/en
Priority to US15/109,816 priority patent/US9637387B2/en
Priority to PCT/CN2014/070801 priority patent/WO2015106436A1/zh
Priority to JP2016546958A priority patent/JP6357539B2/ja
Publication of WO2015106436A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015106436A1/zh
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/15Nano-sized carbon materials
    • C01B32/182Graphene
    • C01B32/194After-treatment
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/20Graphite
    • C01B32/21After-treatment
    • C01B32/23Oxidation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of carbon materials, and in particular to a method for repairing reduced graphene oxide. Background technique
  • the perfect graphene has an ideal two-dimensional structure. It consists of a hexagonal lattice. Each carbon atom is bonded to the other three carbon atoms in the plane of the lattice plane through the ⁇ bond. The electrons that are not ⁇ bond are used as ⁇ . The electrons form a ⁇ -orbital system perpendicular to the plane of the lattice. The ⁇ electrons can move freely on the plane, which gives the graphene excellent conductivity and can withstand current densities six orders of magnitude higher than copper. Similarly, graphene also has a record thermal conductivity. Pure graphene has a thermal conductivity of 2000 to 4000 Wm-l.K-l and has excellent strength and extremely high surface area.
  • Traditional graphene synthesis methods can be divided into two types, physical and chemical.
  • the properties of graphene obtained by physical methods and chemical methods are also different. There are different methods such as mechanical peeling method, arc discharge method and ultrasonic dispersion method in the physical method.
  • the obtained graphene sheets are relatively complete, but all of them have low yield, unstable product quality, special equipment and high cost.
  • the chemical methods can be divided into bottom-up organic synthesis, redox, solvothermal and chemical vapor deposition. Among them, organic The method is strict with equipment and raw materials, and it is difficult to mass-produce; the solvothermal method cannot stabilize the product quality, and the average quality is poor; the cost of chemical vapor deposition is too high, and it cannot be produced on a large scale.
  • the apparatus of the redox method is simple, and the obtained graphene is stable in quality, and thus is most likely to be an industrialized production scheme of graphene.
  • the graphene after redox reduction there are two main problems in the graphene after redox reduction.
  • One is that after the intense redox process, the six-membered carbon ring structure in the graphene sheet has a damaged portion, which forms a so-called defect. Therefore, the performance of the graphene material body is affected and interfered; the second is that the obtained graphene material cannot be completely reduced, thereby causing residual oxygen on the graphene layer and also having a great influence on the performance of the graphene material.
  • the obtained graphene material is generally referred to as "reduced graphene oxide", and the graphene material obtained by chemical vapor deposition has fewer defects and no residual oxygen. Therefore, in a certain range of applications, this graphene material is more suitable for our needs, and can be called “graphene”.
  • the surface defects can be divided into the following main cases: 1. Stone-Wales (SW) topological defect, that is, two six-membered ring carbon atoms on the graphene layer are rearranged, destroying two A six-element ring, a five-membered ring and a seven-membered ring structure. 2. Vacancy defects, that is, in the six-membered carbon ring on the graphene layer, one or more carbon atoms are missing, thereby forming vacancies in the graphene. This includes single vacancy defects and double vacancy defects. 3.
  • SW Stone-Wales
  • Adsorption of impurity atoms or heteroatoms that is, defects formed by adsorption of impurity atoms on carbon atoms on graphene, or impurity atoms directly entering the graphene structure instead of carbon atoms. Due to the above several defects, the properties of the graphene finally obtained by the chemical method are somewhat different from those of the graphene prepared by the physical method. This difference includes the size of the specific surface area, the ratio of carbon and oxygen in the overall structure, and the presence or absence of energy gaps in the band structure.
  • a method for repairing reduced graphene oxide comprising the following steps:
  • the third mixture is at 450 ° C to 500 ° C in a protective gas atmosphere containing a carbon source.
  • the reaction is carried out for 1 hour to 2 hours, and then annealed in a vacuum atmosphere at 200 ° C to 350 ° C for 5 hours to 8 hours, and after cooling to room temperature, the reduced reduced graphene oxide is obtained by separation and purification.
  • the solvent is selected from at least one of dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, cyclohexane, n-hexane, benzene, and nitrobenzene. .
  • the reduced graphene oxide has a concentration of 0.1 mg/mL to 1 mg/mL.
  • the first Lewis acid and the second Lewis acid are each selected from at least one of ferric chloride, aluminum chloride, zinc chloride, boron trifluoride, magnesium chloride, copper chloride, and lithium chloride.
  • the third Lewis acid is at least one selected from the group consisting of ferrous chloride, ferric chloride, lithium chloride, chromium chloride, cobalt chloride, zinc chloride, and copper chloride.
  • the mass ratio of the first Lewis acid to the reduced graphene oxide is
  • the methyl or methylene group-containing compound is trioxane, methanol, methyl chloride or methyl iodide.
  • the mass ratio of the methyl or methylene-containing compound to the reduced graphene oxide is from 1:5 to 20.
  • the step of reacting the first mixture in a microwave environment of 300 watts to 900 watts for 0.5 hours to 2 hours further includes adding a strong acid to the first mixture.
  • the mass ratio of the strong acid to the reduced graphene oxide is 1:0.1-1.
  • the strong acid is at least one selected from the group consisting of sulfuric acid, methanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, nitromethane, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, trichloroacetic acid, and perchloric acid.
  • the mass ratio of the first crude product to the second Lewis acid is from 1:20 to 100.
  • the aromatic hydrocarbon repair agent is selected from at least one of the group consisting of naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, anthracene, anthracene and anthracene.
  • the mass ratio of the first crude product to the aromatic hydrocarbon repair agent is 1:5-10.
  • the step of reacting the second mixture to obtain a solids of the melt is specifically:
  • the second mixture is reacted at 200 ° C ⁇ 350 ° C for 3 hours ⁇ 5 hours; or
  • the second mixture is reacted in a microwave environment of 300 watts to 800 watts for 0.1 hour to 0.5 hours.
  • the mass of the metal powder catalyst is from 5% to 10% by mass of the second crude product.
  • the metal powder catalyst is selected from at least one of copper powder, zinc powder, silver powder, palladium powder, and platinum powder.
  • the mass of the third Lewis acid is from 0.1% to 5% by mass of the second crude product.
  • the shielding gas atmosphere of the carbon source is a gas atmosphere of a mixture of an organic phase gas and an inert gas, and the organic phase gas is at least one of methane, ethylene, and gaseous ethanol.
  • the volume ratio of the organic phase gas to the inert gas is from 1 to 3:7 to 9.
  • the vacancy defect of the ene is effectively moderately repaired, and the redox graphene is subjected to reductive deoxidation; the reduced graphene oxide is annealed under the metal powder catalyst, effectively remaining the remaining Stone-Wales (SW) topology on the graphene
  • SW Stone-Wales
  • Fig. 1 is a flow chart showing a method of repairing reduced graphene oxide according to an embodiment.
  • a method for repairing reduced graphene oxide includes the following steps: Step S110: dispersing reduced graphene oxide in a solvent to obtain a graphene dispersion, and adding a graphene dispersion to the graphene dispersion A Lewis acid and a methyl or methylene-containing compound are used to obtain a first mixture, and the first mixture is reacted in a microwave environment of 300 watts to 900 watts for 0.5 hour to 2 hours, and then refluxed for 3 hours to 5 hours, followed by separation and purification. And dried to obtain a first crude product.
  • Reducing graphene oxide refers to the preparation of surface-defective and oxygen-containing graphene by a redox method.
  • the solvent is at least one selected from the group consisting of dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, cyclohexane, n-hexane, benzene, and nitrobenzene.
  • the solvent is at least one selected from the group consisting of dichloromethane, chloroform, nitrobenzene and n-hexane.
  • a step of washing and drying the reduced graphene oxide is further included.
  • the reduced graphene oxide is washed successively with absolute ethanol and washed with water, and dried to remove inorganic salts and organic impurities which may be present to obtain reduced graphene oxide having a higher purity.
  • the washed and dried reduced graphene oxide is dispersed in a solvent under ultrasonication to uniformly disperse the graphene oxide.
  • the concentration of the reduced graphene oxide is 0.1 mg/mL to 1 mg/mL to ensure a certain treatment amount and a certain reaction rate.
  • the first Lewis acid is selected from the group consisting of ferric chloride (FeC13), aluminum chloride (A1C13), zinc chloride (ZnC12), boron trifluoride (BF3), magnesium chloride (MgC12*6H20), and copper chloride (CuC12*2H20). And at least one of lithium chloride (LiCl).
  • the first Lewis acid is at least one selected from the group consisting of ferric chloride (FeC13), aluminum chloride (A1C13), and lithium chloride (LiCl).
  • the first Lewis acid acts as a catalyst.
  • the mass ratio of the first Lewis acid to the reduced graphene oxide is 1:3-10.
  • a compound containing a methyl group or a methylene group undergoes a Friedel-Crafts reaction and a Scholl reaction with reduced graphene oxide.
  • the mass ratio of the methyl group or methylene group-containing compound to the reduced graphene oxide is 1:5 to 20, so that the Friedel-Crafts reaction and the Scholl reaction proceed rapidly.
  • the methyl or methylene group-containing compound is preferably trioxane, methanol, methyl chloride or methyl iodide.
  • the methyl or methylene groups of these methyl or methylene-containing compounds are relatively active, so that the methyl or methylene-containing compound can be preferably reacted with reduced graphene oxide under milder conditions.
  • the Friedel-Crafts reaction reacts with Scholl.
  • the step of reacting the first mixture in a microwave environment of from 300 watts to 900 watts for a period of from 0.5 hours to 2 hours further comprises the step of adding a strong acid to the first mixture.
  • Strong acids are used to promote the depolymerization of methyl or methylene-containing compounds and are also electrophiles as cocatalysts for the coordination of the reduced Lewis oxides by the first Lewis acid.
  • the strong acid is at least one selected from the group consisting of sulfuric acid, methanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, nitromethane, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, trichloroacetic acid, and perchloric acid.
  • the above-mentioned strong acid has a mass concentration of 39% to 98%.
  • the strong acid is selected from at least one of sulfuric acid, methanesulfonic acid and nitromethane.
  • the mass ratio of the strong acid to the reduced graphene oxide is 1:0.1 to 1.
  • ultrasonic dispersion is performed at 120 W to 300 W for 0.5 hour to 4 hours, so that the components are uniformly dispersed, and the uniformly dispersed first mixture is reacted in a microwave environment of 300 watts to 900 watts for 0.5 hour. ⁇ 2 hours, then refluxing for 3 hours to 5 hours, separation and purification and drying to obtain a first crude product.
  • the step of separating and purifying and drying is specifically as follows: The solvent in the reaction liquid is removed by suction filtration to obtain a precipitate, and the precipitate is washed once with water, and the precipitate is washed with ethanol for 1 to 2 times, and dried to obtain a first crude product.
  • the first crude product is reduced graphene oxide repaired by primary hydrazine.
  • step S110 reducing graphene oxide with methyl or methylene group under the catalysis of a first Lewis acid
  • the Friedel-Crafts reaction and the Scholl reaction occur in the compound of the base, so that the vacancy defect and the double vacancy defect of the reduced graphene oxide are effectively repaired.
  • Step S120 adding the first crude product to the second Lewis acid, adding an aromatic hydrocarbon repairing agent, mixing and uniformly obtaining a second mixture, and reacting the second mixture to obtain a molten solid, and separating and purifying the molten solid to obtain a first Two crude products.
  • the second Lewis acid is selected from the group consisting of ferric chloride (FeC13), aluminum chloride (A1C13), zinc chloride (ZnC12), boron trifluoride (BF3), magnesium chloride (MgC12*6H20), and copper chloride (CuC12*2H20). And at least one of lithium chloride (LiCl).
  • the second Lewis acid is at least one selected from the group consisting of ferric chloride (FeC13), aluminum chloride (A1C13), and lithium chloride (LiCl).
  • the mass ratio of the first crude product to the second Lewis acid is from 1:20 to 100.
  • the second Lewis acid is a solid Lewis acid.
  • the solid Lewis acid is thawed, the first crude product is added to the molten solid Lewis acid, and an aromatic hydrocarbon repairing agent is added, and uniformly mixed to obtain a second mixture.
  • the aromatic hydrocarbon repairing agent is selected from at least one of naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, anthracene, anthracene and anthracene.
  • the aromatic hydrocarbon repair agent is selected from at least one of naphthalene, phenanthrene and anthracene.
  • the mass ratio of the first crude product to the aromatic hydrocarbon repair agent is 1:5-10.
  • the second mixture is reacted to obtain a melt solid.
  • the step of reacting the second mixture to obtain a solid of the melt is specifically: reacting the second mixture at 200 ° C to 300 ° C for 3 hours to 5 hours to obtain a melt. solid.
  • the step of reacting the second mixture is specifically: reacting the second mixture in a microwave environment of 300 watts to 800 watts for 0.1 hour to 0.5 hours to obtain a melt solid. .
  • the separation and purification step is specifically as follows: dispersing the obtained melt solid in water, adding dilute sulfuric acid to adjust the pH to 5, filtering the solvent by suction, washing with ethanol for 2 to 3 times, and washing once with cyclohexane, and then Dilute hydrochloric acid The washing was carried out once and finally washed with water to obtain a second crude product, that is, moderately repaired reduced graphene oxide.
  • step S120 the reduced graphene oxide repaired by the primary crucible is treated by the molten second Lewis acid, and the large-sized aromatic hydrocarbon repair agent is grafted and supplemented by the Friedel-Crafts reaction to the large-sized defect of the reduced graphene oxide repaired by the primary crucible. Therefore, the excessive vacancy defects on the reduced graphene oxide repaired by the primary flaw are effectively repaired.
  • the reduced graphene oxide repaired by the primary crucible is treated by the molten second Lewis acid, and some of the Stone-Wales (SW) topological defects are rearranged under the action of the metal powder catalyst, thereby making the five-membered ring-seven-membered ring
  • the structure is transferred back to the structure of the six-membered ring-six-membered ring in the graphite layer, which reduces the Stone-Wale (SW) topological defects in the reduced graphene oxide repaired by the primary flaw.
  • the reduced graphene oxide repaired by the primary crucible is treated by the molten second Lewis acid, and some of the oxygen-containing functional groups present are captured by the second Lewis acid, so that the unreduced oxidation sites on the reduced graphene oxide are effectively reduced and deoxidized.
  • the carbon-oxygen ratio of the reduced graphene oxide repaired by the primary flaw is effectively increased.
  • Step S130 mixing the second crude product, the metal powder catalyst and the third Lewis acid, and uniformly mixing to obtain a third mixture, and in the atmosphere of the shielding gas containing the carbon source, the third mixture is at 450 ° C to 500 ° C
  • the reaction is carried out for 1 hour to 2 hours, and then annealed in a vacuum atmosphere at 200 ° C to 350 ° C for 5 hours to 8 hours, and after cooling to room temperature, the reduced reduced graphene oxide is obtained by separation and purification.
  • the third Lewis acid is selected from the group consisting of ferrous chloride (FeC12), ferric chloride (FeC13), lithium chloride (LiCl), chromium chloride (CrC13), cobalt chloride (CoC12), zinc chloride (ZnC12), and chlorine. At least one of copper (CuC12*2H20).
  • the third Lewis acid is at least one selected from the group consisting of ferrous chloride (FeC12), chromium chloride (CrC13), and ferric chloride (FeC13).
  • the mass of the third Lewis acid is from 0.1% to 5% by mass of the second crude product.
  • the metal powder catalyst is selected from at least one of copper powder, zinc powder, silver powder, palladium powder, and platinum powder.
  • the metal powder catalyst is selected from copper powder having a size of 200 molybdenum, zinc powder, silver powder, At least one of a palladium powder and a platinum powder. More preferably, the metal powder catalyst is selected from at least one of a nickel powder having a size of 200 mesh, a palladium powder, and a platinum powder.
  • the mass of the metal powder catalyst is from 5% to 10% by mass of the second crude product.
  • the shielding gas atmosphere containing the carbon source is a gas atmosphere of a mixture of an organic phase gas and an inert gas.
  • the organic phase gas is at least one of methane, ethylene, and gaseous ethanol.
  • the inert gas is argon or helium.
  • the organic phase gas is supplemented as a carbon source to repair highly active single vacancy defects and double vacancy defects.
  • the introduction of an inert gas prevents oxygen from re-adsorbing and prevents oxidation of the graphene.
  • the third mixture is reacted at 450 ° C to 500 ° C for 1 hour to 2 hours in a protective gas atmosphere containing a carbon source, and then annealed at 200 ° C to 350 ° C for 5 hours to 8 hours under vacuum. After the temperature is lowered to room temperature, the steps of separating and purifying the reduced graphene oxide after repairing are as follows:
  • the third mixture is placed in a muffle furnace, and a protective gas containing a carbon source is introduced, heated to 450 ° C to 500 ° C, maintained at 450 ° C to 500 ° C, and reacted for 1 hour to 2 hours, and transferred to a vacuum oven.
  • a protective gas containing a carbon source is introduced, heated to 450 ° C to 500 ° C, maintained at 450 ° C to 500 ° C, and reacted for 1 hour to 2 hours, and transferred to a vacuum oven.
  • the temperature is maintained at 200 ° C ⁇ 350 ° C, annealing for 5 hours to 8 hours, after cooling to room temperature, the reduced reduced graphene oxide is obtained by separation and purification.
  • the method for separation and purification is specifically as follows: the mixture cooled to room temperature is poured into water, ultrasonically pulverized at 120 W for 2 hours, and then suction-filtered, and the filter residue is rinsed with hydrochloric acid having a mass concentration of 10% for 3 to 5 times, and then filtered to obtain a residue. , dried, and obtained reduced graphene oxide after repair.
  • step S130 the moderately repaired reduced graphene oxide is annealed by a metal powder catalyst to effectively repair the remaining Stone-Wales (SW) topological defects on the moderately restored reduced graphene oxide.
  • SW Stone-Wales
  • the moderately repaired reduced graphene oxide is supplemented by a carbon source catalyzed by a transition metal to repair high-activity single vacancy defects and double vacancy defects, thereby obtaining a high-quality graphene material.
  • the reduced oxidized stone is catalyzed by a first Lewis acid
  • the Friedel-Crafts reaction and the Scholl reaction of the methene with the methyl or methylene-containing compound, the vacancy defect and the double vacancy defect of the reduced graphene oxide are effectively repaired initially; under the catalysis of the second Lewis acid,
  • the aromatic hydrocarbon repair agent is grafted and supplemented by the Friedel-Crafts reaction to the large size defect of the reduced graphene oxide, and the vacancy defect of the redox graphene is effectively moderately repaired and reduced by deoxidation;
  • the reduced graphene oxide passes through the metal Annealing under the catalyst effectively repairs the remaining Stone-Wales (SW) topological defects on the graphene and effectively activates the remaining single vacancy defects and double vacancy defects.
  • SW Stone-Wales
  • the reduced graphene oxide is washed successively with absolute ethanol and washed with water, and then dried; the washed and dried reduced graphene oxide is dispersed in dichloromethane to obtain a graphene dispersion, wherein the redox graphene is The concentration is 1 mg/mL; ferric chloride, aluminum chloride and paraformaldehyde are added to the graphene dispersion, and the first mixture is obtained by stirring uniformly, wherein the mass ratio of ferric chloride to reduced graphene oxide is 1:3.
  • the mass ratio of aluminum chloride to reduced graphene oxide is 1:3, the mass ratio of trioxane to reduced graphene oxide is 1:5; sulfuric acid with a concentration of 98% is added to the first mixture, sulfuric acid and The mass ratio of the reduced graphene oxide is 1:0.1; the mixture of the first mixture and the sulfuric acid is ultrasonically dispersed at 120 W for 0.5 hour, and then reacted in a microwave environment of 300 W for 2 hours, and then refluxed for 3 hours; after completion of the reaction, suction filtration The solvent in the reaction solution was removed to obtain a precipitate, and the precipitate was washed once with water, and the precipitate was washed once with ethanol and dried to obtain a first crude product;
  • the unrepaired reduced graphene oxide has a carbon to oxygen ratio of 8:1, and the repaired reduced graphene oxide can be effectively increased to 23:1. From this, it was confirmed that the oxygen content in the obtained reduced graphene oxide was greatly reduced.
  • the conductivity of the reduced graphene oxide after the above repair is also increased from 30 to 90 S/cm of the initially unreduced reduced graphene oxide to 500 to 650 S/cm, indicating that the resistivity of the reduced graphene oxide after the repair is effectively reduced.
  • the defects on the reduced graphene oxide are repaired, so that the quality of the reduced graphene oxide after repair is high, and a high-quality graphene material is obtained after the repair.
  • the reduced graphene oxide is washed successively with anhydrous ethanol and washed with water, and then dried; the washed and dried reduced graphene oxide is dispersed in 1,2-dichloroethane to obtain a graphene dispersion, wherein, oxidation
  • concentration of the reduced graphene is 0.1 mg/mL; adding aluminum chloride, zinc chloride and trioxane to the graphene dispersion, and uniformly stirring to obtain a first mixture, wherein the quality of the aluminum chloride and the reduced graphene oxide Ratio 1 : 5, the mass ratio of zinc chloride to reduced graphene oxide is 1:5, the mass ratio of paraformaldehyde to reduced graphene oxide is 1:20; and the first mixture is added with 95% by mass of methanesulfonate.
  • the mass ratio of acid, methanesulfonic acid to reduced graphene oxide is 1:1; the mixture of the first mixture and methanesulfonic acid is ultrasonically dispersed at 220 W for 1 hour, and then reacted in a microwave environment of 900 W for 0.5 hour, and then refluxed. 5 hours; After the reaction is completed, the solvent in the reaction solution is removed by suction filtration to obtain a precipitate, and the precipitate is washed once with water, and the precipitate is washed twice with ethanol, and dried to obtain a first crude product;
  • the unrepaired reduced graphene oxide has a carbon to oxygen ratio of 7:1, and the repaired reduced graphene oxide can be effectively increased to 24:1. From this, it was confirmed that the oxygen content in the obtained reduced graphene oxide was greatly reduced.
  • the conductivity of the reduced graphene oxide after the above repair is also from the unrepaired reduced graphene oxide
  • the 30 ⁇ 90S/cm is increased to 550 ⁇ 650S/cm, which indicates that the resistivity of the reduced graphene oxide after repair is effectively reduced, and the defects on the reduced graphene oxide are repaired, so that the quality of the reduced graphene oxide after repair is better.
  • High, high quality graphene material was obtained after repair.
  • the reduced graphene oxide is washed successively with absolute ethanol and washed with water, and then dried; the washed and dried reduced graphene oxide is dispersed in a mixed solvent of nitrobenzene and chloroform in a volume ratio of 1:1.
  • a graphene dispersion wherein the concentration of the redox graphene is 0.5 mg/mL ; adding copper chloride and methanol to the graphene dispersion, and uniformly stirring to obtain a first mixture, wherein the copper chloride and the reduced graphite oxide
  • the mass ratio of the olefin is 1:3, the mass ratio of methanol to reduced graphene oxide is 1:10; the mass ratio of benzenesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid to reduced graphene oxide is 68% added to the first mixture.
  • ferric chloride and lithium chloride having a mass ratio of 1:1 are melted, and then the second crude product is added to the molten ferric chloride and lithium chloride, and phenanthrene and anthracene having a mass ratio of 1:1 are added.
  • the mass ratio of the first crude product to ferric chloride is 1:25, the mass ratio of the first crude product to lithium chloride is 1:25, and the mass ratio of the first crude product to phenanthrene 1:4, the mass ratio of the first crude product to hydrazine is 1:4;
  • the second mixture is reacted in a closed tube at 300 ° C for 4 hours to obtain a melt solid;
  • the obtained melt solid is dispersed in water, and added to the lean
  • the pH of the sulfuric acid was adjusted to 5, and the solvent was filtered off with suction, washed with ethanol three times, once with cyclohexane, washed once with dilute hydrochloric acid, and finally washed with water to obtain a second crude product;
  • the temperature is lowered to room temperature, wherein the volume ratio of gaseous ethanol to argon is 2:8; the mixture cooled to room temperature is poured into water, ultrasonically pulverized at 120 W for 2 h, and suction filtration is carried out, and the mass concentration of the filter residue is 10%.
  • the hydrochloric acid was rinsed 5 times, the catalyst was completely removed, and the mixture was filtered, and the residue was taken and dried to obtain a reduced graphene oxide after repair.
  • the unrepaired reduced graphene oxide has a carbon to oxygen ratio of 8:1, and the repaired reduced graphene oxide can be effectively increased to 19:1. From this, it was confirmed that the oxygen content in the obtained reduced graphene oxide was greatly reduced.
  • the conductivity of the reduced graphene oxide after the above repair is also increased from 30 to 60 S/cm of the initially unreduced reduced graphene oxide to 450 to 600 S/cm, indicating that the resistivity of the reduced graphene oxide after the repair is effectively reduced.
  • the defects on the reduced graphene oxide are repaired, so that the quality of the reduced graphene oxide after repair is high, and a high-quality graphene material is obtained after the repair.
  • the reduced graphene oxide is washed successively with absolute ethanol and washed with water, and then dried; the washed and dried reduced graphene oxide is dispersed in nitrobenzene to obtain a graphene dispersion, wherein the redox graphene is The concentration is 0.7 mg/mL ; copper chloride and methyl chloride are added to the graphene dispersion, and the first mixture is obtained by stirring uniformly, wherein the mass ratio of copper chloride to reduced graphene oxide is 1:6, methyl chloride and reduction The mass ratio of graphene oxide is 1:15; hydrochloric acid having a mass concentration of 39% is added to the first mixture, and the mass ratio of hydrochloric acid to reduced graphene oxide is 1:0.2; the mixture of the first mixture and hydrochloric acid is ultrasonic at 150 W After dispersing for 4 hours, it was reacted in a microwave environment of 700 W for 1.5 hours, and then refluxed for 4 hours.
  • the solvent in the reaction liquid was removed by suction filtration to obtain a precipitate, and the precipitate was washed once with water, and then B. a 1:1 mixture of naphthalene and phenanthrene to obtain a second mixture, wherein the mass ratio of the first crude product to lithium chloride is 1:40, and the mass ratio of the first crude product to naphthalene is 1:3.5, the first The mass ratio of the crude product to the phenanthrene is 1:3.5; the second mixture is reacted in a microwave environment of 300 W for 0.5 hours to obtain a solid of the melt; the solid obtained is dispersed in water, and the pH is adjusted to 5 by adding dilute sulfuric acid.
  • the solvent was removed by filtration, washed twice with ethanol, once with cyclohexane, once with dilute hydrochloric acid, and finally washed with water to obtain a second crude product;
  • the oven was kept at 280 ° C for 6.5 h in a vacuum environment, and then cooled to room temperature, wherein the volume ratio of methane, ethylene and argon was 1.5:1.5:7; the mixture cooled to room temperature was poured into water at 120 W. After ultrasonic pulverization for 2 hours, suction filtration was carried out, and the filter residue was rinsed 5 times with hydrochloric acid having a mass concentration of 10%. After completely removing the catalyst, the mixture was filtered, and the filter residue was taken and dried to obtain a reduced reduced graphene oxide.
  • the unrepaired reduced graphene oxide has a carbon to oxygen ratio of 6:1, and the repaired reduced graphene oxide can be effectively increased to 20:1. From this, it was confirmed that the oxygen content in the obtained reduced graphene oxide was greatly reduced.
  • the conductivity of the reduced graphene oxide after the above repair is also increased from 30 to 40 S/cm of the initially unreduced reduced graphene oxide to 430 to 550 S/cm, indicating that the resistivity of the reduced graphene oxide after the repair is effectively reduced.
  • the defects on the reduced graphene oxide are repaired, so that the quality of the reduced graphene oxide after repair is high, and a high-quality graphene material is obtained after the repair.
  • the reduced graphene oxide is washed successively with anhydrous ethanol and washed with water, and then dried; the washed and dried reduced graphene oxide is dispersed in nitrobenzene to obtain a graphene dispersion, wherein, redox
  • concentration of graphene is 0.6 mg/mL ; boron trifluoride and methyl iodide are added to the graphene dispersion, and the mixture is uniformly stirred to obtain a first mixture, wherein the mass ratio of boron trifluoride to reduced graphene oxide is 1:4.
  • the mass ratio of methyl iodide to reduced graphene oxide is 1:8; a mass concentration of 40% nitromethane is added to the first mixture, and the mass ratio of nitromethane to reduced graphene oxide is 1:0.3;
  • a mixture of a mixture and nitromethane was ultrasonically dispersed at 250 W for 3 hours, it was reacted in a microwave environment of 800 W for 1.8 hours, and then refluxed for 4.5 hours; after completion of the reaction, the solvent in the reaction liquid was removed by suction filtration to obtain a precipitate, and the precipitate was washed with water. Once, the precipitate was washed twice with ethanol and dried to obtain a first crude product;
  • the unrepaired reduced graphene oxide (RGO) has a carbon to oxygen ratio of 6:1, and the reduced graphene oxide after repair can be effectively increased to 21:1. From this, it was confirmed that the oxygen content in the obtained reduced graphene oxide after the repair was greatly reduced.
  • the conductivity of the reduced graphene oxide after the above repair is also increased from 30 to 40 S/cm of the initially unreduced reduced graphene oxide to 460 to 600 S/cm, indicating that the resistivity of the reduced graphene oxide after the repair is effectively reduced.
  • the defects on the reduced graphene oxide are repaired, so that the quality of the reduced graphene oxide after repair is high, and a high-quality graphene material is obtained after the repair.
  • the reduced graphene oxide is washed successively with absolute ethanol and washed with water, and then dried; the washed and dried reduced graphene oxide is dispersed in n-hexane to obtain a graphene dispersion, wherein the concentration of redox graphene 0.3 mg/mL; adding aluminum chloride and methyl iodide to the graphene dispersion, and uniformly stirring to obtain a first mixture, wherein the mass ratio of aluminum chloride to reduced graphene oxide is 1:5, methyl iodide and reduction oxidation The mass ratio of graphene is 1:12; a mass concentration of 98% sulfuric acid and a mass concentration of 95% methanesulfonic acid are added to the first mixture, and the mass ratio of sulfuric acid to reduced graphene oxide is 1:0.3, methanesulfonate.
  • the mass ratio of the acid to the reduced graphene oxide is 1:0.3; the first mixture, the mixture of sulfuric acid and methanesulfonic acid is ultrasonically dispersed at 180 W for 2.5 hours, and then reacted in a microwave environment of 500 W for 2 hours, and then refluxed for 4 hours. After the reaction is completed, the solvent in the reaction liquid is removed by suction filtration to obtain a precipitate, and the precipitate is washed once with water, and the precipitate is washed twice with ethanol, and dried to obtain a first crude product;
  • the unrepaired reduced graphene oxide has a carbon to oxygen ratio of 8:1, and the repaired reduced graphene oxide can be effectively increased to 25:1. From this, it was confirmed that the oxygen content in the obtained reduced graphene oxide was greatly reduced.
  • the conductivity of the reduced graphene oxide after the above repair is also increased from 30 to 90 S/cm of the initially unreduced reduced graphene oxide to 560 to 650 S/cm, indicating that the resistivity of the reduced graphene oxide after the repair is effectively reduced.
  • the defects on the reduced graphene oxide are repaired, so that the quality of the reduced graphene oxide after repair is high, and a high-quality graphene material is obtained after the repair.

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Abstract

一种还原氧化石墨烯的修复方法,包括将还原氧化石墨烯分散于溶剂中得到石墨烯分散液,加入第一路易斯酸及含甲基或亚甲基的化合物得到第一混合物,于微波环境下反应,回流,得第一粗产物;将第一粗产物加入第二路易斯酸中,加入芳烃修补剂,得第二混合物,第二混合物反应后得熔融物固体,分离纯化得第二粗产物;将第二粗产物、金属粉末催化剂和第三路易斯酸混合得第三混合物,在含碳源的保护气体气氛中,将第三混合物于450℃~500℃反应1小时~2小时,真空环境下退火。

Description

一种还原氧化石墨烯的修复方法 技术领域
本发明涉及碳材料技术领域, 特别是涉及一种还原氧化石墨烯的修复方法。 背景技术
自从 2004年英国曼彻斯特大学的 Andre Geim及 Konstantin Novoselof首次成 功剥离热解石墨并观测到石墨烯以来, 学界内对于新型碳材料的研究热度就一直 没有消退过。石墨烯的成功分离意味着理论对于二维晶体热力学不稳定的预言被 破除, 也就带来了许多新领域研究的可能。
完美的石墨烯具有理想的二维结构, 它由六边形晶格组成, 每个碳原子通过 σ键在晶格平面方向上与其他的三个碳原子结合, 未成 σ键的电子则作为 π电子, 组成了垂直于晶格平面的 π轨道体系。 π电子可在平面上任意移动, 这赋予了石 墨烯极好的导电性, 能够承受比铜高六个数量级的电流密度。 同样, 石墨烯也具 有创纪录的导热性, 纯净石墨烯的导热率高达 2000~4000Wm-l.K-l, 且具有极好 的强度和极高的表面积。不仅如此,石墨烯的特殊结构也赋予其独特的能带结构, 使其具有完美的隧穿效应和半整数的量子霍尔效应、 以及它从不消失的电导率。 这些独特的性能使其在材料和电子电路等方面有着极大的应用前景。 也因此, 对 石墨烯的大量合成有极大的需求。
传统的石墨烯合成方法可分为两种, 分别是物理方法和化学方法。 物理方法 和化学方法得到的石墨烯的性状也有所不同。 物理法中有机械剥离法、 电弧放电 法、超声分散法等不同方案,得到的石墨烯片层比较完整,但是都存在产率过低, 产品质量不稳定, 需要特种设备和成本过高的问题。 而化学方法可以分为自下而 上的有机合成法、 氧化还原法、 溶剂热法和化学气相沉积法几种。 其中, 有机合 成法对设备和原料要求严格, 难以量产; 溶剂热法无法稳定产品质量, 平均质量 较差; 化学气相沉积法的成本过高, 而且无法规模化生产。 这当中的氧化还原法 的设备简单, 得到的石墨烯质量稳定, 因此是最有可能作为石墨烯工业化生产的 方案。 然而经过氧化还原后的石墨烯存在两个主要的问题, 其一是经过激烈的氧 化还原过程后, 石墨烯片层中的六元碳环结构有被破坏的部分, 即形成了所谓的 缺陷, 从而影响和干扰了石墨烯材料本体的性能; 其二是所得到的石墨烯材料没 办法还原彻底, 因此导致了石墨烯层上的残留氧, 也对石墨烯材料的性能有很大 的影响。 因此, 所得到的石墨烯材料一般被称之为 "还原氧化石墨烯", 相较之 下, 经过化学气相沉积法获得的石墨烯材料的缺陷要更少, 也不会残留氧。 因此 在一定应用范围内,这种石墨烯材料更符合我们的需要,更能被称之为 "石墨烯"。
对于还原氧化石墨烯, 其表面的缺陷可分为以下几种主要情况: 1、 Stone-Wales ( SW) 拓扑缺陷, 即石墨烯层上两个六元环碳原子发生了重排, 破 坏了两个六元环形, 成了一个五元环和一个七元环的结构。 2、 空位缺陷, 即石 墨烯层上的六元碳环里, 出现了一个或一个以上的碳原子缺失, 从而使石墨烯中 形成了空位。 这包括了单空位缺陷和双空位缺陷。 3、 吸附杂质原子或杂原子替 代, 即石墨烯上碳原子上吸附了杂质原子从而形成的缺陷, 或者杂质原子直接进 入石墨烯结构内替代碳原子。 由于上述几种缺陷, 导致最终经化学法制备得到的 石墨烯的特性较物理法制备的石墨烯有一定区别。这种区别包括了比表面积的大 小、 整体结构中碳氧元素的比例及能带结构中有无能隙等等。
由于还原氧化石墨烯和气相化学沉积得到的石墨烯之间的特性区别较大, 而 这种特性主要是来自于石墨烯上的缺陷带来的影响, 因此, 对石墨烯上的缺陷设 计一些用于表面重构的催化歩骤, 从而能使石墨烯上的缺陷经过重构消除, 同时 能对石墨烯上的残留氧进行脱除, 从而使化学法制备的还原氧化石墨烯, 转变接 近为高质量的石墨烯, 达到低成本制备高质量石墨烯材料的目的, 是势在必行的 研究。
然而, 对石墨烯缺陷进行重构和修补的研究一方面是国内报道较少, 存在大 量的研究空白; 另一方面, 目前国际上主要的报道集中在对石墨烯以碳源分子进 行气相化学沉积法的修补上, 而用传统的有机合成方法进行石墨烯修补的报道极 其少见。
发明内容
基于此, 有必要提供一种还原氧化石墨烯的修复方法, 以对还原氧化石墨烯 上的缺陷进行修复及对还原氧化石墨烯进行脱氧。
一种还原氧化石墨烯的修复方法, 包括如下歩骤:
将还原氧化石墨烯分散于溶剂中, 得到石墨烯分散液, 向所述石墨烯分散液 中加入第一路易斯酸及含甲基或亚甲基的化合物得到第一混合物, 将所述第一混 合物于 300瓦〜 900瓦的微波环境下反应 0.5小时〜 2小时, 然后回流反应 3小时 ~5小时, 分离纯化并干燥, 得到第一粗产物;
将所述第一粗产物加入第二路易斯酸中, 并加入芳烃修补剂, 混合均匀得到 第二混合物, 将所述第二混合物进行反应得到熔融物固体, 将所述熔融物固体进 行分离纯化后得到第二粗产物; 及
将所述第二粗产物、 金属粉末催化剂和第三路易斯酸进行混合, 混合均匀得 到第三混合物, 在含碳源的保护气体气氛中, 将所述第三混合物于 450°C~500°C 下反应 1小时〜 2小时, 然后在真空环境下, 于 200°C~350°C下退火 5小时〜 8小 时, 降温至室温后, 分离纯化得到修复后的还原氧化石墨烯。
在其中一个实施例中, 所述溶剂选自二氯甲烷、 1,2 二氯乙烷、 四氯化碳、 三氯甲烷、 环己烷、 正己烷、 苯及硝基苯中的至少一种。
在其中一个实施例中, 所述石墨烯分散液中, 所述还原氧化石墨烯的浓度为 0.1 mg/mL〜 1 mg/mL。 在其中一个实施例中, 所述第一路易斯酸和第二路易斯酸均选自氯化铁、 氯 化铝、 氯化锌、 三氟化硼、 氯化镁、 氯化铜及氯化锂中至少一种, 所述第三路易 斯酸选自氯化亚铁、 氯化铁、 氯化锂、 氯化铬、 氯化钴、 氯化锌及氯化铜中的至 少一种。
在其中一个实施例中, 所述第一路易斯酸与所述还原氧化石墨烯的质量比为
1 :3~10。
在其中一个实施例中, 所述含甲基或亚甲基的化合物为三聚甲醛、 甲醇、 氯 甲烷或碘甲烷。
在其中一个实施例中, 所述含甲基或亚甲基的化合物与还原氧化石墨烯的质 量比为 1 :5~20。
在其中一个实施例中,所述将所述第一混合物于 300瓦〜 900瓦的微波环境下 反应 0.5小时〜 2小时的歩骤之前, 还包括向所述第一混合物中加入强酸的歩骤, 所述强酸与所述还原氧化石墨烯的质量比为 1 :0.1~1。
在其中一个实施例中, 所述强酸选自硫酸、 甲磺酸、 苯磺酸、 硝基甲烷、 硝 酸、 盐酸、 三氯乙酸及高氯酸中的至少一种。
在其中一个实施例中, 所述第一粗产物与所述第二路易斯酸的质量比为 1 :20~100。
在其中一个实施例中, 所述芳烃修补剂选自萘、 蒽、 菲、 蔻、 芘及茈中的至 少一种。
在其中一个实施例中,所述第一粗产物与所述芳烃修补剂的质量比为 1 :5~10。 在其中一个实施例中, 所述将所述第二混合物进行反应得到熔融物固体的歩 骤具体为:
将所述第二混合物于 200°C~350°C下反应 3小时〜 5小时; 或
将所述第二混合物于 300瓦〜 800瓦的微波环境下反应 0.1小时〜 0.5小时。 在其中一个实施例中, 所述金属粉末催化剂的质量是所述第二粗产物的质量 的 5%~10%。
在其中一个实施例中, 所述金属粉末催化剂选自铜粉末、 锌粉末、 银粉末、 钯粉末及铂粉末中的至少一种。
在其中一个实施例中, 所述第三路易斯酸的质量是所述第二粗产物的质量的 0· 1%~5%。
在其中一个实施例中, 所述含碳源的保护气体气氛为有机相气体与惰性气体 的混合物气体气氛, 所述有机相气体为甲烷、 乙烯及气态乙醇中的至少一种。
在其中一个实施例中,所述有机相气体与所述惰性气体的体积比为 1~3:7~9。 上述还原氧化石墨烯的修复方法中, 在第一路易斯酸的催化下, 还原氧化石 墨烯与含甲基或亚甲基的化合物发生 Friedel-Crafts反应与 Scholl反应,从而对还 原氧化石墨烯的空位缺陷和双空位缺陷进行了有效地初歩修复; 在第二路易斯酸 的催化下,芳烃修补剂通过 Friedel-Crafts反应接枝和补充到还原氧化石墨烯的大 尺寸缺陷中, 进一歩对氧化还原石墨烯的空位缺陷进行有效地中度修复, 并对氧 化还原石墨烯进行还原脱氧; 还原氧化石墨烯经过金属粉末催化剂下的退火处理, 有效地将石墨烯上存在剩余的 Stone-Wales ( SW) 拓扑缺陷进行了修复, 并有效 地活化了剩余的单空位缺陷和双空位缺陷。 同时, 经过在金属催化剂催化下的碳 源补充, 将高活性的单空位缺陷和双空位缺陷加以深度修复, 从而获得了高品质 的石墨烯材料。
附图说明
图 1为一实施方式的还原氧化石墨烯的修复方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的上述目的、 特征和优点能够更加明显易懂, 下面结合附图对本 发明的具体实施方式做详细的说明。在下面的描述中阐述了很多具体细节以便于 充分理解本发明。 但是本发明能够以很多不同于在此描述的其它方式来实施, 本 领域技术人员可以在不违背本发明内涵的情况下做类似改进, 因此本发明不受下 面公开的具体实施的限制。
请参阅图 1, 一实施方式的还原氧化石墨烯的修复方法, 包括如下歩骤: 歩骤 S110: 将还原氧化石墨烯分散于溶剂中, 得到石墨烯分散液, 向石墨烯 分散液中加入第一路易斯酸及含甲基或亚甲基的化合物得到第一混合物, 将第一 混合物于 300瓦〜 900瓦的微波环境下反应 0.5小时〜 2小时, 然后回流反应 3小 时〜 5小时, 分离纯化并干燥, 得到第一粗产物。
还原氧化石墨烯(RGO )是指采用氧化还原法制备得到存在表面缺陷且含氧 的石墨烯。
溶剂选自二氯甲烷、 1,2二氯乙烷、 四氯化碳、三氯甲烷、环己烷、 正己烷、 苯及硝基苯中的至少一种。 优选地, 溶剂选自二氯甲烷、 三氯甲烷、 硝基苯及正 己烷中的至少一种。
优选地, 将还原氧化石墨烯分散于溶剂中之前, 还包括对还原氧化石墨烯进 行洗涤和干燥的歩骤。 将还原氧化石墨烯依次用无水乙醇洗涤和水洗涤, 并进行 干燥,以除去可能存在的无机盐及有机物杂质,获得纯度较高的还原氧化石墨烯。
优选地, 将洗涤并干燥后的还原氧化石墨烯在超声下分散在溶剂中, 以使还 原氧化石墨烯均匀分散。
优选地, 石墨烯分散液中, 还原氧化石墨烯的浓度为 0.1mg/mL~lmg/mL, 以保证一定的处理量和一定的反应速率。
第一路易斯酸选自氯化铁 (FeC13 )、 氯化铝 (A1C13 )、 氯化锌 (ZnC12)、 三 氟化硼(BF3 )、氯化镁(MgC12* 6H20)、氯化铜(CuC12*2H20)及氯化锂(LiCl) 中至少一种。 优选地, 第一路易斯酸选自氯化铁 (FeC13 )、 氯化铝 (A1C13 ) 及 氯化锂 (LiCl) 中至少一种。 第一路易斯酸作为催化剂。 优选地, 第一路易斯酸与还原氧化石墨烯的质量 比为 1 :3~10。
含甲基或亚甲基的化合物作为另一反应物, 与还原氧化石墨烯发生 Friedel-Crafts反应与 Scholl反应。 优选地, 含甲基或亚甲基的化合物与还原氧化 石墨烯的质量比为 1 :5~20, 以使 Friedel-Crafts反应与 Scholl反应的快速进行。
含甲基或亚甲基的化合物优选为三聚甲醛、 甲醇、 氯甲烷或碘甲烷。 这几种 含甲基或亚甲基的化合物的甲基或亚甲基较为活泼, 使得该含甲基或亚甲基的化 合物能够在较温和的条件下,较好地与还原氧化石墨烯发生 Friedel-Crafts反应与 Scholl反应。
优选地, 将第一混合物于 300瓦〜 900瓦的微波环境下反应 0.5小时〜 2小时 的歩骤之前, 还包括向第一混合物中加入强酸的歩骤。
强酸用于促进含甲基或亚甲基的化合物解聚, 同时也是亲电试剂, 作为第一 路易斯酸对还原氧化石墨烯配位的助催化剂。 强酸选自硫酸、 甲磺酸、 苯磺酸、 硝基甲烷、 硝酸、 盐酸、 三氯乙酸及高氯酸中的至少一种。 上述强酸的质量浓度 为 39%~98%。 优选地, 强酸选自硫酸、 甲磺酸及硝基甲烷中的至少一种。
优选地, 强酸与还原氧化石墨烯的质量比为 1 :0.1~1。
向第一混合物中加入强酸后, 于 120W~300W下进行超声分散 0.5小时〜 4小 时,使得各组分分散均匀,将分散均匀的第一混合物于 300瓦〜 900瓦的微波环境 下反应 0.5小时〜 2小时, 然后回流反应 3小时〜 5小时, 分离纯化并干燥, 得到 第一粗产物。
分离纯化并干燥的歩骤具体为: 抽滤除去反应液中的溶剂得到沉淀, 用水洗 涤沉淀 1次, 再用乙醇洗涤沉淀 1~2次, 干燥, 得到第一粗产物。
第一粗产物为经过初歩修复的还原氧化石墨烯。
歩骤 S110 中, 在第一路易斯酸的催化下, 还原氧化石墨烯与含甲基或亚甲 基的化合物发生 Friedel-Crafts反应与 Scholl反应,从而对还原氧化石墨烯的空位 缺陷和双空位缺陷进行了有效地初歩修复。
歩骤 S120: 将第一粗产物加入第二路易斯酸中, 并加入芳烃修补剂, 混合均 匀得到第二混合物, 将第二混合物进行反应得到熔融物固体, 将熔融物固体进行 分离纯化后得到第二粗产物。
第二路易斯酸选自氯化铁 (FeC13 )、 氯化铝 (A1C13 )、 氯化锌 (ZnC12)、 三 氟化硼(BF3 )、氯化镁(MgC12*6H20)、氯化铜(CuC12*2H20)及氯化锂(LiCl) 中至少一种。 优选地, 第二路易斯酸选自氯化铁 (FeC13 )、 氯化铝 (A1C13 ) 及 氯化锂 (LiCl) 中至少一种。
优选地, 第一粗产物与第二路易斯酸的质量比为 1 :20~100。
上述第二路易斯酸为固体路易斯酸。 将该固体路易斯酸融化, 将第一粗产物 加入融化的固体路易斯酸中, 并加入芳烃修补剂, 混合均匀得到第二混合物。
芳烃修补剂选自萘、 蒽、 菲、 蔻、 芘及茈中的至少一种。 优选地, 芳烃修补 剂选自萘、 菲及茈中的至少一种。
优选地, 第一粗产物与芳烃修补剂的质量比为 1 :5~10。
将该第二混合物进行反应得到熔融物固体。
优选地, 在具体的实施方式中, 将该第二混合物进行反应得到熔融物固体的 歩骤具体为: 将第二混合物于 200°C~300°C下反应 3小时〜 5小时, 得到熔融物固 体。
优选地,在另一具体的实施方式中,将该第二混合物进行反应的歩骤具体为: 将第二混合物于 300瓦〜 800瓦的微波环境下反应 0.1小时〜 0.5小时,得到熔融物 固体。
分离纯化的歩骤具体为: 将得到的熔融物固体分散在水中, 加入稀硫酸调节 pH到 5, 再抽滤滤去溶剂, 用乙醇清洗 2~3次, 用环己烷清洗 1次, 再用稀盐酸 清洗 1次, 最后水洗, 得到第二粗产物, 即中度修复的还原氧化石墨烯。 歩骤 S120中,初歩修复的还原氧化石墨烯经过熔融的第二路易斯酸的处理, 大尺寸的芳烃修复剂通过 Friedel - Crafts反应接枝和补充到初歩修复的还原氧化 石墨烯的大尺寸缺陷中, 从而进一歩地对初歩修复的还原氧化石墨烯上的过大的 空位缺陷进行了有效地修复。
并且, 初歩修复的还原氧化石墨烯经过熔融的第二路易斯酸处理, 存在的部 分 Stone-Wales ( SW) 拓扑缺陷在金属粉末催化剂的作用下发生了重排, 从而使 五元环-七元环的结构转回了石墨层中六元环-六元环的结构, 使初歩修复的还原 氧化石墨烯中的 Stone- Wales (SW) 拓扑缺陷减少。
进一歩地, 初歩修复的还原氧化石墨烯经过熔融的第二路易斯酸处理, 存在 的部分含氧官能团被第二路易斯酸俘获, 使还原氧化石墨烯上未还原的氧化位点 有效地被还原脱氧, 使初歩修复的还原氧化石墨烯的碳氧比有效地上升。
歩骤 S130: 将第二粗产物、金属粉末催化剂和第三路易斯酸进行混合, 混合 均匀得到第三混合物,在含碳源的保护气体气氛中,将第三混合物于 450°C~500°C 下反应 1小时〜 2小时, 然后在真空环境下, 于 200°C~350°C下退火 5小时〜 8小 时, 降温至室温后, 分离纯化得到修复后的还原氧化石墨烯。
第三路易斯酸选自氯化亚铁(FeC12)、 氯化铁(FeC13 )、 氯化锂(LiCl)、 氯 化铬 (CrC13 )、 氯化钴 (CoC12)、 氯化锌 (ZnC12)及氯化铜 (CuC12*2H20) 中 至少一种。 优选地, 第三路易斯酸选自氯化亚铁 (FeC12)、 氯化铬 (CrC13 ) 及 氯化铁 (FeC13 ) 中的至少一种。
优选地, 第三路易斯酸的质量是第二粗产物的质量的 0.1%~5%。
金属粉末催化剂选自铜粉末、 锌粉末、 银粉末、 钯粉末及铂粉末中的至少一 种。
优选地, 金属粉末催化剂选自大小均为 200钼的铜粉末、 锌粉末、 银粉末、 钯粉末及铂粉末中的至少一种。 更优选地, 金属粉末催化剂选自大小均为 200目 的镍粉末、 钯粉末及铂粉末中的至少一种。
优选地, 金属粉末催化剂的质量是第二粗产物的质量的 5%~10%。
含碳源的保护气体气氛为有机相气体与惰性气体的混合物气体气氛。 其中, 有机相气体为甲烷、 乙烯及气态乙醇中的至少一种。 惰性气体为氩气或氦气等。
有机相气体作为碳源补充, 将高活性的单空位缺陷和双空位缺陷加以修复。 惰性气体的通入防止氧气再吸附, 防止石墨烯氧化。
在含碳源的保护气体气氛中, 将第三混合物于 450°C~500°C下反应 1小时〜 2 小时,然后在真空环境下,于 200°C~350°C下退火 5小时〜 8小时,降温至室温后, 分离纯化得到修复后的还原氧化石墨烯的歩骤具体为:
将第三混合物放置于马弗炉中,通入含碳源的保护气体,加热至 450°C~500°C, 维持 450°C~500°C, 反应 1小时〜 2小时, 转移至真空烘箱中, 在真空环境下, 保 持 200°C~350°C, 退火 5小时〜 8小时, 降温至室温后, 分离纯化得到修复后的还 原氧化石墨烯。
分离纯化的方法具体为: 将降温至室温的混合物倒入水中, 于 120W超声粉 碎 2小时后进行抽滤, 滤渣用质量浓度为 10%的盐酸淋洗 3~5次, 然后抽滤, 取 滤渣, 干燥, 得到修复后的还原氧化石墨烯。
歩骤 S130中, 中度修复的还原氧化石墨烯经过金属粉末催化剂催化下的退 火处理, 有效地将中度修复的还原氧化石墨烯上存在剩余的 Stone-Wales ( SW) 拓扑缺陷进行了修复, 同时, 石墨烯在过渡金属表面的进一歩重整, 有效地活化 了剩余的单空位缺陷和双空位缺陷。
并且, 中度修复的还原氧化石墨烯经过过渡金属催化下的碳源补充, 将高活 性的单空位缺陷和双空位缺陷加以修复, 从而获得了高品质的石墨烯材料。
上述还原氧化石墨烯的修复方法中, 在第一路易斯酸的催化下, 还原氧化石 墨烯与含甲基或亚甲基的化合物发生 Friedel-Crafts反应与 Scholl反应,从而对还 原氧化石墨烯的空位缺陷和双空位缺陷进行了有效地初歩修复; 在第二路易斯酸 的催化下,芳烃修补剂通过 Friedel-Crafts反应接枝和补充到还原氧化石墨烯的大 尺寸缺陷中, 进一歩对氧化还原石墨烯的空位缺陷进行有效地中度修复, 并还原 脱氧; 还原氧化石墨烯经过金属催化剂下的退火处理, 有效地将石墨烯上存在剩 余的 Stone-Wales ( SW) 拓扑缺陷进行了修复, 并有效地活化了剩余的单空位缺 陷和双空位缺陷。 同时, 经过在金属粉末催化剂催化下的碳源补充, 将高活性的 单空位缺陷和双空位缺陷加以深度修复, 从而获得了高品质的石墨烯材料。
以下通过具体实施例进一歩阐述。
实施例 1
1、 将还原氧化石墨烯依次用无水乙醇洗涤和水洗涤, 然后干燥; 将洗涤和 干燥后的还原氧化石墨烯分散于二氯甲烷中, 得到石墨烯分散液, 其中, 氧化还 原石墨烯的浓度为 lmg/mL;向石墨烯分散液中加入氯化铁、氯化铝和三聚甲醛, 搅拌均匀得到第一混合物, 其中, 氯化铁与还原氧化石墨烯与的质量比为 1 :3, 氯化铝与还原氧化石墨烯与的质量比为 1 :3, 三聚甲醛与还原氧化石墨烯的质量 比为 1 :5; 向第一混合物中加入质量浓度为 98%的硫酸, 硫酸与还原氧化石墨烯 的质量比为 1 :0.1 ; 将第一混合物和硫酸的混合物于 120W超声分散 0.5小时后, 于 300W的微波环境中反应 2小时, 然后进行回流反应 3小时; 反应完毕, 抽滤 除去反应液中的溶剂得到沉淀, 用水洗涤沉淀 1次, 再用乙醇洗涤沉淀 1次, 干 燥, 得到第一粗产物;
2、将质量比为 1 :1的氯化铁和氯化铝融化,然后将第二粗产物加入融化的氯 化铁和氯化铝中, 并加入萘, 混合均匀得到第二混合物, 其中, 第一粗产物与氯 化铁的质量比为 1 :10, 第一粗产物与氯化铝的质量比为 1 :10, 第一粗产物与萘的 质量比为 1 :5 ; 将第二混合物于 200 °C闭管反应 5小时, 得到熔融物固体; 将得到 的熔融物固体分散在水中, 加入稀硫酸调节 pH到 5, 再抽滤滤去溶剂, 用乙醇 清洗 2次, 用环己烷清洗 1次, 再用稀盐酸清洗 1次, 最后水洗, 得到第二粗产
3、将第二粗产物、 200目的钯粉末和氯化铁进行混合, 混合均匀得到第三混 合物, 其中, 钯粉末的质量是第二粗产物的质量的 5%, 氯化铁的质量是第二粗 产物的质量的 5%; 将第二混合物放入马弗炉中, 通入氩气和甲烷的混合气体, 加热到 450°C,维持反应 2h,再转移到真空烘箱中,真空环境下保持烘箱在 200 °C 退火 8h, 再逐歩降温到室温, 其中, 甲烷和氩气的体积比为 1 :9; 将降温至室温 的混合物倒入水中, 于 120W超声粉碎 2h后进行抽滤, 滤渣用质量浓度为 10% 的盐酸淋洗 3次, 完全除去催化剂后抽滤, 取滤渣, 干燥, 得到修复后的还原氧 化石墨烯。
经测定, 未修复的还原氧化石墨烯 (RGO) 的碳氧比 8:1, 而修复后的还原 氧化石墨烯可以有效地提高到 23:1。 由此可确定得到的修复后的还原氧化石墨烯 中的含氧量大大的减少。
上述修复后的还原氧化石墨烯的导电率也从最初未修复的还原氧化石墨烯 的 30~90S/cm提高到 500~650S/cm, 说明修复后的还原氧化石墨烯的电阻率有效 地降低, 还原氧化石墨烯上的缺陷得到修复, 使得修复后的还原氧化石墨烯的质 量较高, 修复后获得了高品质的石墨烯材料。 实施例 2
1、 将还原氧化石墨烯依次用无水乙醇洗涤和水洗涤, 然后干燥; 将洗涤和 干燥后的还原氧化石墨烯分散于 1,2二氯乙烷中, 得到石墨烯分散液, 其中, 氧 化还原石墨烯的浓度为 O. lmg/mL; 向石墨烯分散液中加入氯化铝、 氯化锌和三 聚甲醛, 搅拌均匀得到第一混合物, 其中, 氯化铝与还原氧化石墨烯的质量比为 1 :5, 氯化锌与还原氧化石墨烯的质量比为 1 :5, 三聚甲醛与还原氧化石墨烯的质 量比为 1 :20; 向第一混合物中加入质量浓度为 95%的甲磺酸, 甲磺酸与还原氧化 石墨烯的质量比为 1 : 1 ; 将第一混合物和甲磺酸的混合物于 220W超声分散 1小 时后, 于 900W的微波环境中反应 0.5小时, 然后进行回流反应 5小时; 反应完 毕, 抽滤除去反应液中的溶剂得到沉淀, 用水洗涤沉淀 1次, 再用乙醇洗涤沉淀 2次, 干燥, 得到第一粗产物;
2、 将氯化镁融化, 然后将第二粗产物加入融化的氯化镁中, 并加入菲, 混 合均匀得到第二混合物, 其中, 第一粗产物与氯化镁的质量比为 1 :100, 第一粗 产物与菲的质量比为 1 : 10; 将第二混合物于 350°C闭管反应 3小时, 得到熔融物 固体; 将得到的熔融物固体分散在水中, 加入稀硫酸调节 pH到 5, 再抽滤滤去 溶剂, 用乙醇清洗 3次, 用环己烷清洗 1次, 再用稀盐酸清洗 1次, 最后水洗, 得到第二粗产物;
3、 将第二粗产物、 200目的镍粉末、 氯化亚铁和氯化铬进行混合, 混合均匀 得到第三混合物, 其中, 镍粉末的质量是第二粗产物的质量的 10%, 氯化亚铁的 质量是第二粗产物的质量的 1%, 氯化铬的质量是第二粗产物的质量的 1%; 将第 二混合物放入马弗炉中, 通入氩气和乙烯的混合气体, 加热到 500°C, 维持反应 lh, 再转移到真空烘箱中, 真空环境下保持烘箱在 350°C退火 5h, 再逐歩降温到 室温, 其中, 乙烯和氩气的体积比为 3:7; 将降温至室温的混合物倒入水中, 于 120W超声粉碎 2h后进行抽滤,滤渣用质量浓度为 10%的盐酸淋洗 5次,完全除 去催化剂后抽滤, 取滤渣, 干燥, 得到修复后的还原氧化石墨烯。
经测定, 未修复的还原氧化石墨烯 (RGO) 的碳氧比 7:1, 而修复后的还原 氧化石墨烯可以有效地提高到 24:1。 由此可确定得到的修复后的还原氧化石墨烯 中的含氧量大大的减少。
上述修复后的还原氧化石墨烯的导电率也从最初未修复的还原氧化石墨烯 的 30~90S/cm提高到 550~650S/cm, 说明修复后的还原氧化石墨烯的电阻率有效 地降低, 还原氧化石墨烯上的缺陷得到修复, 使得修复后的还原氧化石墨烯的质 量较高, 修复后获得了高品质的石墨烯材料。 实施例 3
1、 将还原氧化石墨烯依次用无水乙醇洗涤和水洗涤, 然后干燥; 将洗涤和 干燥后的还原氧化石墨烯分散于体积比为 1 :1的硝基苯和三氯甲烷的混合溶剂中, 得到石墨烯分散液, 其中, 氧化还原石墨烯的浓度为 0.5mg/mL; 向石墨烯分散 液中加入氯化铜和甲醇, 搅拌均匀得到第一混合物, 其中, 氯化铜与还原氧化石 墨烯的质量比为 1 :3, 甲醇与还原氧化石墨烯的质量比为 1 : 10; 向第一混合物中 加入质量浓度为 68%的苯磺酸, 苯磺酸与还原氧化石墨烯的质量比为 1 :0.5; 将 第一混合物和苯磺酸的混合物于 300W超声分散 1小时后, 于 600W的微波环境 中反应 1小时, 然后进行回流反应 4小时; 反应完毕, 抽滤除去反应液中的溶剂 得到沉淀,用水洗涤沉淀 1次,再用乙醇洗涤沉淀 2次,干燥,得到第一粗产物;
2、将质量比为 1 :1的氯化铁和氯化锂融化,然后将第二粗产物加入融化的氯 化铁和氯化锂中, 并加入质量比为 1 : 1的菲和茈, 混合均匀得到第二混合物, 其 中,第一粗产物与氯化铁的质量比为 1 :25,第一粗产物与氯化锂的质量比为 1 :25, 第一粗产物与菲的质量比为 1 :4, 第一粗产物与茈的质量比为 1 :4; 将第二混合物 于 300°C闭管反应 4小时, 得到熔融物固体; 将得到的熔融物固体分散在水中, 加入稀硫酸调节 pH到 5, 再抽滤滤去溶剂, 用乙醇清洗 3次, 用环己烷清洗 1 次, 再用稀盐酸清洗 1次, 最后水洗, 得到第二粗产物;
3、 将第二粗产物、 200目的镍粉末、 200目的铂粉末和氯化铬进行混合, 混 合均匀得到第三混合物, 其中, 镍粉末的质量是第二粗产物的质量的 4%, 铂粉 末的质量是第二粗产物的质量的 4%, 氯化铬的质量是第二粗产物的质量的 1%; 将第二混合物放入马弗炉中, 通入氩气和气态乙醇的混合气体, 加热到 500°C, 维持反应 lh, 再转移到真空烘箱中, 真空环境下保持烘箱在 250°C退火 6h, 再逐 歩降温到室温, 其中, 气态乙醇和氩气的体积比为 2:8; 将降温至室温的混合物 倒入水中, 于 120W超声粉碎 2h后进行抽滤, 滤渣用质量浓度为 10%的盐酸淋 洗 5次,完全除去催化剂后抽滤,取滤渣,干燥,得到修复后的还原氧化石墨烯。
经测定, 未修复的还原氧化石墨烯 (RGO) 的碳氧比 8:1, 而修复后的还原 氧化石墨烯可以有效地提高到 19:1。 由此可确定得到的修复后的还原氧化石墨烯 中的含氧量大大的减少。
上述修复后的还原氧化石墨烯的导电率也从最初未修复的还原氧化石墨烯 的 30~60S/cm提高到 450~600S/cm, 说明修复后的还原氧化石墨烯的电阻率有效 地降低, 还原氧化石墨烯上的缺陷得到修复, 使得修复后的还原氧化石墨烯的质 量较高, 修复后获得了高品质的石墨烯材料。 实施例 4
1、 将还原氧化石墨烯依次用无水乙醇洗涤和水洗涤, 然后干燥; 将洗涤和 干燥后的还原氧化石墨烯分散于硝基苯中, 得到石墨烯分散液, 其中, 氧化还原 石墨烯的浓度为 0.7mg/mL; 向石墨烯分散液中加入氯化铜和氯甲烷, 搅拌均匀 得到第一混合物, 其中, 氯化铜与还原氧化石墨烯的质量比为 1 :6, 氯甲烷与还 原氧化石墨烯的质量比为 1 : 15; 向第一混合物中加入质量浓度为 39%的盐酸, 盐 酸与还原氧化石墨烯的质量比为 1 :0.2;将第一混合物和盐酸的混合物于 150W超 声分散 4小时后, 于 700W的微波环境中反应 1.5小时, 然后进行回流反应 4小 时; 反应完毕, 抽滤除去反应液中的溶剂得到沉淀, 用水洗涤沉淀 1次, 再用乙 为 1 :1的萘和菲, 混合均匀得到第二混合物, 其中, 第一粗产物与氯化锂的质量 比为 1 :40,第一粗产物与萘的质量比为 1 :3.5,第一粗产物与菲的质量比为 1 :3.5; 将第二混合物于 300W微波环境下反应 0.5小时, 得到熔融物固体; 将得到的熔 融物固体分散在水中, 加入稀硫酸调节 pH到 5, 再抽滤滤去溶剂, 用乙醇清洗 2 次, 用环己烷清洗 1次, 再用稀盐酸清洗 1次, 最后水洗, 得到第二粗产物;
3、将第二粗产物、 200目的钯粉末和氯化铜进行混合, 混合均匀得到第三混 合物, 其中, 钯粉末的质量是第二粗产物的质量的 6%, 氯化铜的质量是第二粗 产物的质量的 0.5%; 将第二混合物放入马弗炉中, 通入氩气、 甲烷和乙烯的混 合气体, 加热到 480°C, 维持反应 1.5h, 再转移到真空烘箱中, 真空环境下保持 烘箱在 280°C退火 6.5h, 再逐歩降温到室温, 其中, 甲烷、 乙烯和氩气的体积比 为 1.5:1.5:7;将降温至室温的混合物倒入水中,于 120W超声粉碎 2h后进行抽滤, 滤渣用质量浓度为 10%的盐酸淋洗 5次,完全除去催化剂后抽滤,取滤渣,干燥, 得到修复后的还原氧化石墨烯。
经测定, 未修复的还原氧化石墨烯 (RGO) 的碳氧比 6:1, 而修复后的还原 氧化石墨烯可以有效地提高到 20:1。 由此可确定得到的修复后的还原氧化石墨烯 中的含氧量大大的减少。
上述修复后的还原氧化石墨烯的导电率也从最初未修复的还原氧化石墨烯 的 30~40S/cm提高到 430~550S/cm, 说明修复后的还原氧化石墨烯的电阻率有效 地降低, 还原氧化石墨烯上的缺陷得到修复, 使得修复后的还原氧化石墨烯的质 量较高, 修复后获得了高品质的石墨烯材料。 实施例 5
1、 将还原氧化石墨烯依次用无水乙醇洗涤和水洗涤, 然后干燥; 将洗涤和 干燥后的还原氧化石墨烯分散于硝基苯中, 得到石墨烯分散液, 其中, 氧化还原 石墨烯的浓度为 0.6mg/mL; 向石墨烯分散液中加入三氟化硼和碘甲烷, 搅拌均 匀得到第一混合物, 其中, 三氟化硼与还原氧化石墨烯的质量比为 1 :4, 碘甲烷 与还原氧化石墨烯的质量比为 1 :8; 向第一混合物中加入质量浓度为 40%的硝基 甲烷,硝基甲烷与还原氧化石墨烯的质量比为 1 :0.3 ;将第一混合物和硝基甲烷的 混合物于 250W超声分散 3小时后, 于 800W的微波环境中反应 1.8小时, 然后 进行回流反应 4.5小时; 反应完毕, 抽滤除去反应液中的溶剂得到沉淀, 用水洗 涤沉淀 1次, 再用乙醇洗涤沉淀 2次, 干燥, 得到第一粗产物;
2、 将氯化铝融化, 然后将第二粗产物加入融化的氯化铝中, 并加入蔻, 混 合均匀得到第二混合物, 其中, 第一粗产物与氯化铝的质量比为 1 :60, 第一粗产 物与蔻的质量比为 1 :6; 将第二混合物于 800W微波环境下反应 0.1小时, 得到熔 融物固体; 将得到的熔融物固体分散在水中, 加入稀硫酸调节 pH到 5, 再抽滤 滤去溶剂, 用乙醇清洗 2次, 用环己烷清洗 1次, 再用稀盐酸清洗 1次, 最后水 洗, 得到第二粗产物;
3、将第二粗产物、 200目的铂粉末和氯化钴进行混合, 混合均匀得到第三混 合物, 其中, 铂粉末的质量是第二粗产物的质量的 8%, 氯化钴的质量是第二粗 产物的质量的 2%; 将第二混合物放入马弗炉中, 通入氩气和甲烷的混合气体, 加热到 460 °C,维持反应 1.8h,再转移到真空烘箱中,真空环境下保持烘箱在 300 °C 退火 7h, 再逐歩降温到室温, 其中, 甲烷和氩气的体积比为 2:8; 将降温至室温 的混合物倒入水中, 于 120W超声粉碎 2h后进行抽滤, 滤渣用质量浓度为 10% 的盐酸淋洗 5次, 完全除去催化剂后抽滤, 取滤渣, 干燥, 得到修复后的还原氧 化石墨烯。
经测定, 未修复的还原氧化石墨烯 (RGO) 的碳氧比 6:1, 而修复后的还原 氧化石墨烯可以有效地提高到 21 :1。 由此可确定得到的修复后的还原氧化石墨烯 中的含氧量大大的减少。 上述修复后的还原氧化石墨烯的导电率也从最初未修复的还原氧化石墨烯 的 30~40S/cm提高到 460~600S/cm, 说明修复后的还原氧化石墨烯的电阻率有效 地降低, 还原氧化石墨烯上的缺陷得到修复, 使得修复后的还原氧化石墨烯的质 量较高, 修复后获得了高品质的石墨烯材料。 实施例 6
1、 将还原氧化石墨烯依次用无水乙醇洗涤和水洗涤, 然后干燥; 将洗涤和 干燥后的还原氧化石墨烯分散于正己烷中, 得到石墨烯分散液, 其中, 氧化还原 石墨烯的浓度为 0.3mg/mL; 向石墨烯分散液中加入氯化铝和碘甲烷, 搅拌均匀 得到第一混合物, 其中, 氯化铝与还原氧化石墨烯的质量比为 1 :5, 碘甲烷与还 原氧化石墨烯的质量比为 1 : 12; 向第一混合物中加入质量浓度为 98%的硫酸和质 量浓度为 95%的甲磺酸, 硫酸与还原氧化石墨烯的质量比为 1 :0.3, 甲磺酸与还 原氧化石墨烯的质量比为 1 :0.3 ; 将第一混合物、 硫酸和甲磺酸的混合物于 180W 超声分散 2.5小时后, 于 500W的微波环境中反应 2小时, 然后进行回流反应 4 小时; 反应完毕, 抽滤除去反应液中的溶剂得到沉淀, 用水洗涤沉淀 1次, 再用 乙醇洗涤沉淀 2次, 干燥, 得到第一粗产物;
2、将三氟化硼融化,然后将第二粗产物加入融化的三氟化硼中,并加入芘, 混合均匀得到第二混合物, 其中, 第一粗产物与三氟化硼的质量比为 1 :70, 第一 粗产物与芘的质量比为 1 :9; 将第二混合物于 500W微波环境下反应 0.3小时, 得 到熔融物固体; 将得到的熔融物固体分散在水中, 加入稀硫酸调节 pH到 5, 再 抽滤滤去溶剂, 用乙醇清洗 2次, 用环己烷清洗 1次, 再用稀盐酸清洗 1次, 最 后水洗, 得到第二粗产物;
3、将第二粗产物、 200目的钯粉末和氯化锌进行混合, 混合均匀得到第三混 合物, 其中, 钯粉末的质量是第二粗产物的质量的 7%, 氯化锌的质量是第二粗 产物的质量的 0.1%; 将第二混合物放入马弗炉中, 通入氩气、 甲烷和乙烯的混 合气体, 加热到 470°C, 维持反应 1.5h, 再转移到真空烘箱中, 真空环境下保持 烘箱在 320°C退火 5.5h, 再逐歩降温到室温, 其中, 甲烷、 乙烯和氩气的体积比 为 1 :1 :8; 将降温至室温的混合物倒入水中, 于 120W超声粉碎 2h后进行抽滤, 滤渣用质量浓度为 10%的盐酸淋洗 5次,完全除去催化剂后抽滤,取滤渣,干燥, 得到修复后的还原氧化石墨烯。
经测定, 未修复的还原氧化石墨烯 (RGO) 的碳氧比 8:1, 而修复后的还原 氧化石墨烯可以有效地提高到 25:1。 由此可确定得到的修复后的还原氧化石墨烯 中的含氧量大大的减少。
上述修复后的还原氧化石墨烯的导电率也从最初未修复的还原氧化石墨烯 的 30~90S/cm提高到 560~650S/cm, 说明修复后的还原氧化石墨烯的电阻率有效 地降低, 还原氧化石墨烯上的缺陷得到修复, 使得修复后的还原氧化石墨烯的质 量较高, 修复后获得了高品质的石墨烯材料。 以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式, 其描述较为具体和详细, 但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利范围的限制。 应当指出的是, 对于本领域的 普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进, 这些都属于本发明的保护范围。 因此, 本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求 为准。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种还原氧化石墨烯的修复方法, 其特征在于, 包括如下歩骤: 将还原氧化石墨烯分散于溶剂中, 得到石墨烯分散液, 向所述石墨烯分散液 中加入第一路易斯酸及含甲基或亚甲基的化合物得到第一混合物, 将所述第一混 合物于 300瓦〜 900瓦的微波环境下反应 0.5小时〜 2小时, 然后回流反应 3小时 ~5小时, 分离纯化并干燥, 得到第一粗产物;
将所述第一粗产物加入第二路易斯酸中, 并加入芳烃修补剂, 混合均匀得到 第二混合物, 将所述第二混合物进行反应得到熔融物固体, 将所述熔融物固体进 行分离纯化后得到第二粗产物; 及
将所述第二粗产物、 金属粉末催化剂和第三路易斯酸进行混合, 混合均匀得 到第三混合物, 在含碳源的保护气体气氛中, 将所述第三混合物于 450°C~500°C 下反应 1小时〜 2小时, 然后在真空环境下, 于 200°C~350°C下退火 5小时〜 8小 时, 降温至室温后, 分离纯化得到修复后的还原氧化石墨烯。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的还原氧化石墨烯的修复方法, 其特征在于, 所述 溶剂选自二氯甲烷、 1,2 二氯乙烷、 四氯化碳、 三氯甲烷、 环己烷、 正己烷、 苯 及硝基苯中的至少一种。
3、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的还原氧化石墨烯的修复方法, 其特征在于, 所述石墨烯分散液中, 所述还原氧化石墨烯的浓度为 0.1mg/mL~lmg/mL。
4、 根据权利要求 1所述的还原氧化石墨烯的修复方法, 其特征在于, 所述 第一路易斯酸和第二路易斯酸均选自氯化铁、 氯化铝、 氯化锌、 三氟化硼、 氯化 镁、 氯化铜及氯化锂中至少一种, 所述第三路易斯酸选自氯化亚铁、 氯化铁、 氯 化锂、 氯化铬、 氯化钴、 氯化锌及氯化铜中的至少一种。
5、 根据权利要求 1所述的还原氧化石墨烯的修复方法, 其特征在于, 所述 -路易斯酸与所述还原氧化石墨烯的质量比为 1 :3~10。
6、 根据权利要求 1所述的还原氧化石墨烯的修复方法, 其特征在于, 所述 含甲基或亚甲基的化合物为三聚甲醛、 甲醇、 氯甲烷或碘甲烷。
7、 根据权利要求 1或 6所述的还原氧化石墨烯的修复方法, 其特征在于, 所述含甲基或亚甲基的化合物与还原氧化石墨烯的质量比为 1 :5~20。
8、 根据权利要求 6所述的还原氧化石墨烯的修复方法, 其特征在于, 所述 将所述第一混合物于 300瓦〜 900瓦的微波环境下反应 0.5小时〜 2小时的歩骤之 前, 还包括向所述第一混合物中加入强酸的歩骤, 所述强酸与所述还原氧化石墨 烯的质量比为 1 :0.1~1。
9、 根据权利要求 8所述的还原氧化石墨烯的修复方法, 其特征在于, 所述 强酸选自硫酸、 甲磺酸、 苯磺酸、 硝基甲烷、 硝酸、 盐酸、 三氯乙酸及高氯酸中 的至少一种。
10、 根据权利要求 1所述的还原氧化石墨烯的修复方法, 其特征在于, 所述 第一粗产物与所述第二路易斯酸的质量比为 1 :20~100。
11、 根据权利要求 1所述的还原氧化石墨烯的修复方法, 其特征在于, 所述 芳烃修补剂选自萘、 蒽、 菲、 蔻、 芘及茈中的至少一种。
12、 根据权利要求 1所述的还原氧化石墨烯的修复方法, 其特征在于, 所述 第一粗产物与所述芳烃修补剂的质量比为 1 :5~10。
13、 根据权利要求 1所述的还原氧化石墨烯的修复方法, 其特征在于, 所述 将所述第二混合物进行反应得到熔融物固体的歩骤具体为:
将所述第二混合物于 200°C~350°C下反应 3小时〜 5小时; 或
将所述第二混合物于 300瓦〜 800瓦的微波环境下反应 0.1小时〜 0.5小时。
14、 根据权利要求 1所述的还原氧化石墨烯的修复方法, 其特征在于, 所述 金属粉末催化剂的质量是所述第二粗产物的质量的 5%~10%。
15、根据权利要求 1或 14所述的还原氧化石墨烯的修复方法,其特征在于, 所述金属粉末催化剂选自铜粉末、 锌粉末、 银粉末、 钯粉末及铂粉末中的至少一 种。
16、 根据权利要求 1所述的还原氧化石墨烯的修复方法, 其特征在于, 所述 第三路易斯酸的质量是所述第二粗产物的质量的 0.1%~5%。
17、 根据权利要求 1所述的还原氧化石墨烯的修复方法, 其特征在于, 所述 含碳源的保护气体气氛为有机相气体与惰性气体的混合物气体气氛, 所述有机相 气体为甲烷、 乙烯及气态乙醇中的至少一种。
18、 根据权利要求 17所述的还原氧化石墨烯的修复方法, 其特征在于, 所 述有机相气体与所述惰性气体的体积比为 1~3:7~9。
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