WO2015109766A1 - 具有凝乳酶活性的发酵液提取物的制备方法及其产物 - Google Patents
具有凝乳酶活性的发酵液提取物的制备方法及其产物 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; PREPARATION THEREOF
- A23C19/00—Cheese; Cheese preparations; Making thereof
- A23C19/02—Making cheese curd
- A23C19/032—Making cheese curd characterised by the use of specific microorganisms, or enzymes of microbial origin
- A23C19/0326—Rennet produced by fermentation, e.g. microbial rennet; Rennet produced by genetic engineering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/205—Bacterial isolates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/14—Hydrolases (3)
- C12N9/48—Hydrolases (3) acting on peptide bonds (3.4)
- C12N9/50—Proteinases, e.g. Endopeptidases (3.4.21-3.4.25)
- C12N9/64—Proteinases, e.g. Endopeptidases (3.4.21-3.4.25) derived from animal tissue
- C12N9/6421—Proteinases, e.g. Endopeptidases (3.4.21-3.4.25) derived from animal tissue from mammals
- C12N9/6478—Aspartic endopeptidases (3.4.23)
- C12N9/6483—Chymosin (3.4.23.4), i.e. rennin
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Y—ENZYMES
- C12Y304/00—Hydrolases acting on peptide bonds, i.e. peptidases (3.4)
- C12Y304/23—Aspartic endopeptidases (3.4.23)
- C12Y304/23004—Chymosin (3.4.23.4), i.e. rennin
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
- C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
- C12R2001/01—Bacteria or Actinomycetales ; using bacteria or Actinomycetales
Definitions
- the invention belongs to the field of biotechnology, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a fermentation broth extract having chymosin activity, a product thereof and an application thereof. Background technique
- Curd is a key step in the production of raw cheese, which plays a vital role in this process and is directly related to the quality and yield of cheese.
- the rennet used in traditional cheese processing is derived from the fourth stomach (abomasum) of unweaned calves, consisting mainly of chymosin and pepsin.
- Commercialized calf rennet chymosin has a chymosin content of 50 to 95%.
- chymosin (Chymosin, EC 3.4.23.4) is highly specific for /c-CN, mainly hydrolyzed in /c-CN Phe 1Q5 -Met 1Q6 peptide bond, which produces /c-casein macropeptide consisting of 106-109 residues of amino acids and vice/c-casein consisting of 1-105 residues of amino acids ( Para-/c-casein), chymosin can also hydrolyze a sl -CN, a s2 -CN, ?-CN; (2) when enough /c-CN is hydrolyzed, para/c-casein aggregates Forming a three-dimensional network gel, Ca 2+ promotes the aggregation of casein micelles, which in turn causes the casein micelles to destabilize and form a cheese clot.
- Animal and plant-derived chymosin is mainly used for certain types of cheese, and its source and yield are also limited.
- the rennet prepared by genetic recombination has the advantages of single component, but some countries such as France, Germany and the Netherlands prohibit it. Use recombinant chymosin.
- Microorganisms can produce many kinds of enzymes, most of which are secreted in small amounts and involve cellular metabolic processes. Extracellular enzymes can digest insoluble cellulose, starch and protein macromolecules and transfer them to the cell as nutrients for cell growth. . Many microorganisms, especially mold and bacterial derived extracellular proteases, have similar properties to chymosin. Compared with plant and animal source rennets (MCEs), microbial-derived chymosins (MCEs) have the advantages of low production cost, wider biochemical diversity, and simple genetic modification methods. Microbial-derived chymosin can be divided into two categories: (a) pepsin-like derived from Aspergillus spp.
- Rhizopus spp. (b) derived from mucor spp (Mucor spp) . ), Rhizomucor spp. and chestnut blight Renin-like bacterium (Endothia parasitica).
- mucor spp Mucor spp
- Rhizomucor spp. and chestnut blight Renin-like bacterium
- Endothia parasitica Currently, three sources of chymosin from Rhizomucormiehei, Rhizomucorpusillus and Endothia parasitica have been used. Large-scale commercial production has accounted for 33% of the global protease market. However, in recent years, microbial chymosin research has focused on Bacillus, and the resulting protease usually has high protease hydrolysis activity and resistance.
- the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a fermentation broth extract having rennet activity, a product thereof and an application thereof, in view of the technical problems of the current chymosin source and the serious shortage of production.
- one of the technical solutions adopted by the present invention is: a method for preparing a fermentation broth extract having chymosin activity, the preparation method comprising the steps of: cultivating spores using wheat bran medium Bacillus (Paenibacillus damxijnsis sp. nov.) CGMCC No.8333, 15 ° C ⁇ 40 ° C, shaking culture for 18 to 120 hours to obtain the fermentation broth, the resulting fermentation broth is centrifuged and the supernatant is obtained.
- the wheat bran medium of the present invention comprises wheat bran and water.
- the wheat bran described therein is a conventional wheat bran in the art, and the source of the wheat bran preferably comprises: Shandong, Henan, and Jiangsu, and the preferred source is Shandong.
- the content of wheat bran in the wheat bran medium of the present invention is preferably from 1% to 14%, more preferably from 1% to 10%, most preferably 3%, and the percentage is percentage by mass.
- the inoculum amount of the strain Bacillus sp. CGMCC No. 8333 of the present invention is preferably from 1 to 9%, more preferably from 3% to 7%, most preferably 5%, and the percentage is the volume percentage.
- the culture temperature is preferably from 20 ° C to 40 ° C, more preferably from 25 ° C to 35 ° C, most preferably 30 ° C; the oscillating speed is preferably from 100 to 300 r / min.
- the culture time is preferably 18 to 120 hours, more preferably 20 ⁇ 48 hours, most preferably 20 hours, wherein the speed of centrifugation is preferably 9000 to 14000 r/min.
- the wheat bran medium of the present invention comprises a nutrient component preferably: protein: 18.6%, fat: 6.20%, total carbohydrate: 63.9%, moisture: 7.89%, ash: 3.38%, the percentage is quality percentage.
- the method for preparing a fermentation broth extract having chymosin activity preferably further comprises the step of activating the strain.
- the strain activation step comprises: inoculating the Bacillus licheniformis CGMCC No.8333 of the present invention in TYC medium, culturing at 25° C. to 35° C. for 18 to 48 hours as a seed; 8% of the inoculum was inoculated in a 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask containing 1% to 14% of wheat bran medium.
- the volume of the 250 mL conical flask was 20 mL to 100 mL, and the shaking speed was 140 to 300.
- r/min culture temperature 20 ° C ⁇ 40 ° C, culture time It is 18 to 120 hours, wherein the percentage is a mass percentage.
- the inoculum of the strain Bacillus cereus CGMCC No. 8333 is more preferably 1 to 5%, most preferably 3%, the percentage being a volume percentage;
- the wheat bran content in the wheat bran medium is preferably It is 1% to 14%, more preferably 1% to 10%, most preferably 3%, and the percentage is a mass percentage;
- the amount of liquid in a 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask is preferably 20 mL to 100 mL, more Preferably, the concentration is 25 mL to 75 mL, preferably 30 mL;
- the shaking speed of the shaking culture is preferably 140 to 300 r/min, preferably 300 r/min; and the culture temperature is preferably 25 ° C. ⁇ 35 ° C, preferably 30 ° C ;
- the activation time is preferably from 18 to 48 hours, more preferably from 18 to 24 hours, most preferably 18 hours.
- the method for preparing a fermentation broth extract having chymosin activity preferably further comprises the step of subjecting the obtained supernatant to a refining step, wherein the refining and drying step is a vacuum freeze-drying step conventional in the art,
- the temperature of the vacuum freeze-drying is preferably -44 ° C to - 40 ° C, preferably -40 ° C.
- the TYC medium of the present invention is a conventional TYC medium in the field, and the formulation and preparation method of the TYC medium are preferably: casein or tryptone 15g, sucrose 50g, yeast extract 5.0g, L-cyst ammonia Acid 0.2g, sodium acetate 20g, Na 2 SO 4 0.1g, NaCl lg, Na 2 HP0 4 - 12H 2 0 2g, NaHC0 3 2g, agar 15-20g, add water to 1L, pH 7.3, 121 °C sterilization It is obtained in 15 minutes, and the preparation methods of the above raw materials are all conventionally produced in the art, or are commercially available.
- the second technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a fermentation broth extract having chymosin activity obtained by the preparation method of the present invention.
- the chymosin activity of the fermentation broth extract obtained by the present invention having chymosin activity is higher than that of the bacterium fermentation broth extract of the conventional microbial source.
- the third technical solution adopted by the present invention is: The use of the fermentation broth extract having chymosin activity in the preparation of chymosin according to the present invention.
- the preparation method of the chymosin according to the present invention is a conventional preparation method in the art, and is prepared by using the fermentation broth extract having the chymosin activity obtained in the present invention as a raw material.
- the fourth technical solution adopted by the present invention is: The use of the fermentation broth extract having chymosin activity of the present invention in preparing a fermented dairy product.
- the fermented dairy product of the present invention is a conventional fermented dairy product in the art, preferably comprising fermented milk, lactic acid bacteria beverage, yogurt powder, fermented cheese, more preferably fermented cheese, preferably cheese.
- the reagents and starting materials used in the present invention are commercially available.
- the positive progress of the present invention is as follows:
- the chymosin activity of the fermentation broth extract having chymosin activity of the present invention is as high as 6469.72 ⁇ 280.65 SU/mL, and the protease hydrolysis activity of the obtained fermentation broth extract is only 10.54. ⁇ 0.65U/mL, the ratio of the two is as high as 613.82.
- the fermentation broth extract having chymosin activity provided by the present invention enables the liquid milk to be cured in a short time, and the non-specific hydrolysis activity of the obtained fermentation broth extract to casein is extremely low, so the chymosin
- the active fermentation broth extract has broad application prospects in the production and processing of raw cheese. Biomaterial touch information
- the genus Paenibacillus BD3526 of the present invention has been deposited at the General Microbiology Center (CGMCC) of the China Microbial Culture Collection Management Committee on October 14, 2013.
- the deposit address is: No. 3, No. 1, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China Academy of Sciences Institute of Microbiology, Zip Code: 100101.
- the deposit number of this strain is: CGMCC No.8333.
- the strain was named as Paenibacillus sp., and the No. Dairy Co., Ltd. strain library number was BD3526.
- Figure 1 is a colony diagram of the Bacillus licheniformis CGMCC No. 8333 of the present invention on a TYC plate.
- Figure 2 shows the 16S rRNA phylogenetic tree of the Bacillus licheniformis CGMCC No.8333 of the present invention.
- Fig. 3 is a view showing the form of the bran fermentation supernatant of the Bacillus licheniformis CGMCC No. 8333 of the present invention. Specific form
- the invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to limit the invention.
- the experimental methods in the following examples which do not specify the specific conditions are selected according to conventional methods and conditions, or according to the product specifications.
- the room temperature referred to in the present invention means the temperature between the operations to be tested, and is usually 25 °C.
- the milk was collected from Dangxiong County, Cambodia Autonomous Region, and 1 ml was taken aseptically, diluted with sterile saline, and the diluted solution was uniformly coated on solid TYC medium by coating (the group of TYC medium) Divided into: casein or tryptone 15g, sucrose 50g, yeast extract 5.0g, L-cystine 0.2g, sodium acetate 20g, Na 2 S0 4 O.lg, NaCl lg, Na 2 HP0 4 - 12H 2 0 2g , NaHC0 3 2g, agar 15-20g, add water to 1L, pH 7.3, dissolve the above components in distilled water, sterilize at 121 °C for 15 minutes), and incubate at 30 °C for 24-48 hours. Choose sticky nose A plurality of single colonies having good stringiness were transferred to a new solid TYC medium to obtain purified colonies.
- the identification experiment is Biolog's original carbon source utilization method. It uses the difference of respiratory metabolism between different carbon sources, and screens 95 different carbon sources or other chemical substances.
- the color material was fixed on a 96-well plate (A1 well was a negative control).
- the inoculum suspension is cultured for a certain period of time, and the characteristic fingerprint is generated by detecting the absorbance caused by the reaction of the chemically reducing substance generated by the microbial cell using different carbon sources in the respiratory metabolism process and the turbidity caused by the growth of the microorganism, and The standard strain map database is compared to obtain the final identification result.
- Example 1 A plurality of single colonies in Example 1 as described above were inoculated into liquid TYC and cultured at 30 ° C for 24 hours.
- the obtained strain BD3526 was deposited at the General Microbiology Center (CGMCC) of the China Microbial Culture Collection Management Committee on October 14, 2013.
- the deposit address is: No. 3, No.1, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China. Institute of Biology, Zip Code: 100101.
- the deposit number of this strain is: CGMCC No.8333.
- the strain was named as Paenibacillus sp., and the strain was named BD3526.
- strain BD3526 Single colonies of strain BD3526 were transferred to TYC solid medium (agar) and cultured in a 30 °C incubator for 24 h, 36 h and 48 h. The size, color, edge, bulge and smoothness of the colonies were observed. , viscosity, transparency and other characteristics. The result is shown in Figure 1. The results showed that the strain BD3526 formed a neat, smooth, viscous, glossy surface, opaque colony on the TYC solid medium, with a diameter of about 3 to 5 mm.
- BD3526 is a Gram-positive bacillus, and the spores are end-shaped, elliptic and not inflated.
- the physical and chemical reaction parameters of BD3526 are shown in Table 2.
- the acidity of the fermentation hydrate of the strain BD3526 was determined using an API 50 CHB identification system (manufacturer: bioMe rieux).
- API 50 CHB identification system manufactured by BioMe rieux.
- different serial numbers correspond to different carbon sources, and at the same time, it contains an indicator, so if the corresponding carbon source is utilized, the pH of the culture solution drops, and the indicator color changes, which is favorable for the color. Observe the record.
- API 50 CHB basic medium components trypsin lg, yeast extract 0.5g, ammonium sulfate 2g, phenol red 0.18g, inorganic salt base (Cohen-Bazire) 10ml, phosphate buffer (pH 7.8) 1000ml.
- strain BD3526 using a carbohydrate fermentation to produce acid are shown in Tables 3 and 4.
- Strain 1 is BD3526
- Strain 2 is Paenibacillus hunanensis FeL05 T (ACCC 10718 T ); W means "weak", weakly positive.
- strain BD3526 and strain 2 Paenibacillus hunanensis FeL05 T have significant differences in the use of carbohydrate hydrolysis to produce acid, which belong to different species.
- BD3526 seeds cultured in 2) to a fresh sterile inoculated TYC liquid culture in 2% (v/v) inoculum and mix. They were cultured in water baths at 4 °C, 15 °C, 30 °C, 37 °C, 40 °C, and 60 °C, and each temperature gradient was made in three parallels, and the growth was measured at 24h and 48h, respectively.
- the growth temperature of the obtained strain BD3526 is in the range of 15 to 40 ° C, preferably 30 ° C.
- the BD3526 seed cultured in 2) was transferred to a TYC medium having a sodium chloride concentration of 0.0%, 2.0%, 5.0%, 7.0%, and 10.0% at a 2% (v/v) inoculum, and cultured at 30 ° C. , Recorded at 24h and 48h respectively.
- the results showed that the strain BD3526 had a NaCl tolerance of 10%.
- the TYC medium of the sterilized bacteria was adjusted to pH values of 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5, 7.0, 8.0, 8.5, 9.0, 10.0 with sterile HC1 and NaOH, and BD3526 cultured in 2) Seeds were inoculated at 2% inoculum, cultured at 30 ° C, and recorded at 24 h and 48 h, respectively.
- the pH at which strain BD3526 is grown is in the range of 5.5 to 8.5, preferably 6.0.
- the genomic DNA of strain BD3526 was obtained according to the Gram-positive bacteria operating procedure using the TIANAMP Bacteria DNA Kit. The absorbance at 230 nm, 260 nm, and 280 nm was measured, and A260: A280: A230 was 1: 0.510: 0.445. Purity meets the requirements.
- the 16S rDNA fragment of strain BD3526 was amplified using the 27F, 1492R primer. Purification, and then ligated with the TA cloning vector of pMD19-T Simple Vector, placed in a water bath at 16 ° C overnight, transformed into competent cells of Escherichia coli DH5a, and coated on an LB agar medium plate of ampicillin. After 16-20 hours of incubation at 37 ° C, positive transformants were picked. The above positive transformants were sent to Shanghai Jieli Biological Company for sequencing. The sequencing results were placed in the NCBI and EzTaxon databases, and the similarity to the closest strain (Paenibacillus hunanensis FeL05 T ) was 96.6%.
- the primer pair sequence as described above is 1492R: TACCTTGTTACGACTT (shown as SEQ ID N0.2), 27F: AGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAG (SEQ ID N0.3).
- strain BD3526 can be classified into Paenibacillus hunanensis curtain by phylogenetic tree analysis of the 16S rRNA gene. However, the similarity between the strain BD3526 and the Paenibacillus hunanensis model strain was 96.6%.
- strain BD3526 is more likely to be a new microbial species, which needs to be verified by other physiological and biochemical indicators.
- the furnace temperature is a second-order temperature rise: starting temperature 170 ° C, 5 ° C / min rose to 260 ° C, then 40 ° C / min rose to 310 ° C, maintained 1.5 min; inlet temperature 250 ° C
- the carrier gas is hydrogen, the flow rate is 0.5ml/min, the split injection mode, the split ratio is 100: 1, the injection volume is 2 ⁇ 1; the detection temperature is 300 °C, the hydrogen flow rate is 30ml/min, and the air flow rate is 216ml/min.
- the supplemental gas (nitrogen) flow rate was 30 ml/min.
- strain BD3526 were anti-isolated saturated fatty acids C 15: Q , anti-hetero-seven-saturated fatty acids, and hexadecane saturated fatty acids, with percentages of 59.02%, 11.09%, and 7.66%, respectively.
- the main fatty acids in the genus Paenibacillus are the anti-isolated saturated fatty acids C 15: oo and the fatty acid species and content of the same strains are different, so that the same strains belong to different species.
- Example 7 Characteristics of G+C mol% content of strain BD3526 The G+C mol% content of the strain BD3526 genomic DNA was determined.
- Escherichia coli Escherichia coli (E. coli K12, AS 1.365) as a reference control
- the instrument used is Perkin/Elmer Lambda35 UV/VIS Spectrometer; temperature control with PTP-1 digital temperature controller .
- the melting temperature (Tm) is obtained, and the G+C mol% content is calculated.
- G+C mol% G+C mol ⁇ ASuM ten 2.08 (Tm unknown one Tm AS1 . 365 )
- the Tm of the test E. coli K12, AS 1.365 was 75.810 ° C, and the Tm value and G + C mol% of the strain to be tested.
- the G+C mol% results of the strain BD3526 are shown in Table 5.
- the G+C content of Paenibacillus ranges from 45 to 54 mol%; the difference between G and C mol% of the two strains is greater than 5%, which can be judged not to belong to the same One species (the above judgment can also be made in cases where other traits are similar).
- the liquid phase renaturation rate method was used for the Perkin Elmer Lambda35 UV/VIS Spectrophotometer PTP-1 Peltier System digital temperature control system for temperature control. Proceed as follows:
- DNA sample treatment DNA sample extracted in Example 5 as described above, before use in the ice bath, use ultrasonic wave 40W for 24 minutes (set to: 3 seconds / stop 3 seconds; DNA sample concentration is OD At 26Q nm 2.0, the DNA sample was cut into fragments of 2-5 X 10 5 Daltons.
- V the renaturation rate
- Homologous hybridization rate (H) % 4Vm- (Va+Vb) /2 ⁇ VaVb ⁇ 100%
- the DNA-DNA hybridization results are as follows:
- strain BD3526 belongs to a new species of the genus Paenibacillus.
- the taxonomic status of this strain is Paenibacillus sp., according to the nomenclature of the International Bacterial System Classification Committee, the species was named Paenibacillus damxungensis sp. nov., and strain BD3526 was selected as the model strain of this species.
- the new Bacillus bacillus BD3526 (Paenibacillus damxungensis sp. nov.) CGMCC No.8333 obtained in Example 1 was inoculated into TYC medium at 35 ° C, 180 r / min for 16 h for seed use, and inoculated to 290 mL to 250 mL cone.
- the flask was filled with 20 mL of 1% wheat bran medium and mixed, and cultured at 20 ° C, 300 r / min, shaking for 18 h. After completion of culturing, wheat bran weighed 5mL good culture medium after 4 ° C, after centrifugation 9000r mi / n is the resulting supernatant containing the crude extract chymosin.
- the prepared 500 ⁇ L crude enzyme solution was subjected to a curd experiment according to the following method, and the milk clotting activity (MCA) determination method comprises the following steps:
- the sample was taken out every 15 s and tilted at 45 ° C to observe the state of the sample, and the time for forming the discontinuous particles was counted as the curd time.
- One chymase unit Soxhlet unite, SU
- the proteolytic activity (PA) is determined as follows:
- the proteolytic activity was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu phenol method using casein as a substrate. 5 mL of a 15 g/L casein solution with 0.05 mol/L pH 6.0 phosphate was added to 1 mL of the fermentation supernatant, and the mixture was mixed. After homogenization and incubation for 10 min in a 35 ° C water bath, the reaction was terminated by adding 0.44 mol/L TCA, and the supernatant was centrifuged at -4 ° C 10000 r / min.
- the experimental results showed that the curd time of the Bacillus licheniformis strain BD3526 (CGMCC No.8333) was 57.67 ⁇ 2.05 seconds, and the chymosin activity of the fermentation broth extract having chymosin activity obtained from the strain was measured according to the above method. It was 833.43 ⁇ 29.98 SU/mL; the protease hydrolysis activity of the fermentation broth extract was 1.53 ⁇ 0.18 U/mL, and the MCA/PA ratio was 544.72, which was prepared by using the obtained strain of Bacillus sp. BD3526 (CGMCC No. 8333). The shape of the curd is shown in Figure 3.
- the Bacillus licheniformis CGMCC No.8333 obtained in Example 1 was inoculated into TYC medium at 25 ° C, 180 r / min, cultured for 20 h, used as seeds, and inoculated into a 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask with 5% of 50 ml of 3% wheat bran. Mix in the medium and incubate for 28 h at 30 °C 200 r/min.
- the supernatant obtained by centrifuging 5 mL of the cultured wheat bran medium at 0 ° C 9000 rpm was a crude extract containing chymosin.
- the measurement of MCA and PA was carried out in the same manner as in Example 9.
- the measured curd time was 78.33 ⁇ 1.25 seconds, and the calculated activity of the crude enzyme chymosin was 3064.60 + 48.51 SU/mL; the measured protease hydrolysis activity was 5.21 ⁇ 0.47 U/mL MCA/PA ratio 588.21
- the Bacillus licheniformis CGMCC No.8333 obtained in Example 1 was inoculated into TYC medium at 30 ° C for 180 r/min and cultured for 20 h as a seed, and inoculated with 1% into a 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask containing 100 mL of 14% wheat bran. Leather medium and mixed at 30 ° C 200r / mi n conditions, and shake culture 120h
- the supernatant obtained by centrifuging 5 mL of the cultured wheat bran medium at 9000 rpm/min at 4 ° C was a crude extract containing chymosin.
- the prepared 500 ⁇ L of the crude enzyme solution was subjected to measurement of MCA and hydrazine, respectively, in the same manner as in Example 9.
- the measured curd time was 67.33 ⁇ 1.63 seconds, and the calculated crude enzyme chymosin activity was 716.84 ⁇ 17.48 SU/mL; the measured protease hydrolysis activity was 1.39 ⁇ 0.29 U/mL MCA/PA ratio 515.71
- Example 12 Detection of chymosin activity of Bacillus licheniformis CGMCC No. 8333 fermentation broth extract
- the Bacillus licheniformis CGMCC No. 8333 obtained in Example 1 was inoculated into TYC medium at 30 ° C 180 r / min. 20h used as a seed shake culture, inoculated into 5% of wheat bran 250mL Erlenmeyer flask containing 30mL of medium in 3% and mixed at 30 ° C, under conditions 300r / mi n, and shake culture 20h . After the completion of the culture, the supernatant obtained by weighing 5 mL of the cultured wheat bran medium at 4 ° C and centrifuging at 9000 rpm was a crude extract containing chymosin.
- the measurement of MCA and PA was carried out in the same manner as in Example 9.
- the measured curd time was 74.33 ⁇ 3.26 seconds, and the calculated activity of the crude enzyme chymosin was 6469.72 + 280.65 SU/mL; the measured protease hydrolysis activity was 10.54 ⁇ 0.65 U/mL, and the MCA/PA ratio was 613.82. .
- the Bacillus licheniformis CGMCC No.8333 obtained in Example 1 was inoculated into TYC medium at 30 ° C, 180 r / min, cultured for 18 h as a seed, and inoculated into a 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask with 3% of 20 mL of 3% wheat.
- the mixture was mixed in the bran medium and cultured at 40 ° C, 300 r / mi n for 18 h.
- the supernatant obtained by centrifuging 5 mL of the cultured wheat bran medium at 4 ° C and 14,000 r/min was a crude extract containing chymosin.
- the prepared 500 ⁇ L of the crude enzyme solution was subjected to measurement of MCA and hydrazine, respectively, in the same manner as in Example 9.
- the measured curd time was 3720 ⁇ 86.41 seconds
- the calculated activity of the crude enzyme chymosin was 12.91 ⁇ 0.30 SU / mL
- the measured protease hydrolysis activity was 0.04 ⁇ 0.02 U / mL
- the MCA / PA ratio was 322.75.
- the Bacillus licheniformis CGMCC No.8333 obtained in Example 1 was inoculated into TYC medium at 35 ° C, 180 r / min, and cultured for 18 h as a seed, and inoculated into a 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask containing 50 mL of 10% wheat according to 7%.
- the bran medium was mixed and incubated at 35 ° C, 180 r / min for 48 h. After the completion of the culture, the supernatant obtained by centrifuging 5 mL of the cultured wheat bran medium at 4 ° C and 14,000 r/min was a crude extract containing chymosin.
- the measured curd time was 240.33 ⁇ 2.49 seconds, and the calculated crude enzyme chymosin activity was 998.72 ⁇ 10.41 SU/mL; the measured protease hydrolysis activity was 1.67 ⁇ 0.27 U/mL, and the MCA/PA ratio was 598.03. .
- the Bacillus licheniformis CGMCC No.8333 obtained in Example 1 was inoculated into TYC medium at 30 ° C, 140 r / min and cultured for 18 h as a seed, and inoculated into a 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask with 30 mL of 3% wheat according to 5%.
- the mixture was mixed in the bran medium and incubated at 25 ° C, 300 r / mi n for 20 h. After the completion of the culture, the supernatant obtained by centrifuging 5 mL of the cultured wheat bran medium at 4 ° C and 14,000 r/min was a crude extract containing chymosin.
- the measurement of MCA and PA was carried out in the same manner as in Example 9.
- the measured curd time was 115.67 ⁇ 2.49 seconds, and the calculated activity of the crude enzyme chymosin was 4151.77 + 88.83 SU/mL ; the measured protease hydrolysis activity was 6.89 ⁇ 0.95 U/mL, and the MCA/PA ratio was 602.58. .
- the microbial Mucor rouxii described in Table 6 is referred to [1]: Yu PJ, Chou C C. Factors affecting the growth and production of milk clotting enzyme by Amylomycesrouxii in rice liquid medium [J]. Food Technology and Biotechnology, 2005, 43 ( 3): 283-288.;
- Penicilliumoxalicum please refer to the Wennan dog [2]: Hashem MA. Purification and properties of a milk clotting enzyme produced by Penicillium oxalicum [J]. Bioresource
- the microbial Nocardiopsis spp described in Table 6 is referred to [3]: Cavalcanti MTH, Martinez CR, Furtado VC, Neto BB, Teixeira MF, Lima Filho JL, Porto ALF. Milk-clotting protease production by Nocardiopsis sp. in an inexpensive medium [J] .World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2005, 21(2): 151-154.;
- the microbial Bacillus amyloliquefaciens D4 described in Table 6 is referred to [4]: He X, Zhang W, Ren F, Gan B, Guo H. Screening fermentation parameters of the milk-clotting enzyme produced by newly isolated Bacillus amyloliquefaciens D4 from the Vietnamese Plateau In China[J]. Annals of Microbiology, 2012, 62(1): 357-365.;
- Bacillus subtilis (natto) Taka ashi described in Table 6 is referred to [5]: Shieh CJ, Phan Thi LA, Shih I L. Milk-clotting enzymes produced by culture of Bacillus subtilis natto [J]. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 2009, 43 (1): 85-91.;
- Bacillus subtilis B l described in Table 6 is referred to [6] : Ding ZY, Liu SP, Gu ZH, Zhang L, Zhang KC, Shi G Y. Production of milk-clotting enzyme by Bacillus subtilis B l from wheat bran [ J]. African Journal of Biotechnology, 2011, 10(46): 9370-9378.;
- Bacillus subtilis YB-3 described in Table 6 is referred to [7]: Li Y, Liang S, Zhi D, Chen P, Su F, Li H. Purification and characterization of Bacillus subtilis milk-clotting enzyme from Cambodia Plateau and its Potential use in yak dairy industry [J]. European Food Research and Technology, 2012, 234(4): 733-741.;
- the microorganism Bacillus sphaericus NRC 24 described in Table 6 is referred to [8]: El-Bendary MA, Moharam ME, Ali T H. Purification and Characterization of Milk Clotting Enzyme Produced by Bacillus sphaericus [J]. Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 2007 , 3(8): 695-699.
- the chymosin prepared by the novel Bacillus bacillus BD3526 ( Paenibacillus damxungensis sp. nov.) CGMCC No. 8333 of the present invention has higher viability than other microbial-derived chymosin. It is many times or even hundreds of times, filling a huge gap in the field of rennet preparation.
- Example 2 Preparation of Bacillus licheniformis CGMCC No. 8333 fermentation broth extract using different media
- the Bacillus licheniformis CGMCC No. 8333 obtained in Example 1 was inoculated into TYC medium at 30 ° C, 180 r / min for 18 h for use as seeds.
- the seed of the obtained strain was inoculated into a 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask with 50% 3% wheat bran medium and 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask containing 50 mL of LB medium and mixed in 3% inoculation amount. Incubate for 30 h at 30 ° C, lOOr/min.
- the curd time measured by the crude enzyme solution in wheat bran medium was 77.67 ⁇ 2.52 seconds, and the calculated activity of the crude enzyme chymosin was 3092.3 l ⁇ 100.88 SU/mL; the measured protease hydrolysis activity was 5.23 ⁇ 0.51 U. /mL, MCA/PA ratio is 591.26.
- the curd time measured by the crude enzyme solution in LB medium was 3636.67 ⁇ 137.48 seconds, and the calculated activity of the crude enzyme chymosin was 13.24 ⁇ 0.51 SU/mL; the measured protease hydrolysis activity was 0.03 ⁇ 0.001 U/mL.
- the MCA/PA ratio is 441.33.
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Abstract
本发明提供一种具有凝乳酶活性的发酵液提取物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:利用小麦麸皮培养基培养类芽孢杆菌CGMCC No.8333得到发酵液,将所得发酵液离心后取上清液即得。利用该发酵液提取物可使液态奶在短时间内发生凝乳,而且对酪蛋白的非特异水解低。
Description
具有凝乳酶活性的发酵液提取物的制备方法及其产物 技术领域
本发明属于生物技术领域, 具体涉及一种具有凝乳酶活性的发酵液提取物的制备方 法及其产物和应用。 背景技术
凝乳是生产原制干酪的关键步骤, 凝乳酶在此过程中发挥至关重要的作用, 并直接 关系到干酪的品质和得率。 传统干酪加工中所使用的凝乳酶(rennet)来源于未断奶小牛 的第四胃 (皱胃), 主要由凝乳酶 (chymosin) 和胃蛋白酶 (pepsin) 组成。 商业化的小 牛皱胃凝乳酶其凝乳酶所占比重在 50〜95%。 凝乳酶介导凝乳反应涉及两个步骤: (1 ) 酶解酪蛋白: 凝乳酶(Chymosin, E.C. 3.4.23.4)对 /c-CN具有高度特异性, 主要水解 /c-CN 中的 Phe1Q5-Met1Q6的肽键, 生成由 106-109 残基氨基酸组成的 /c-酪蛋白巨肽 (/c-casein macropeptide) 和由 1-105残基氨基酸组成的副 /c-酪蛋白 (para-/c-casein), 凝乳酶也能够 水解 asl-CN、 as2-CN、 ?-CN; (2) 当足够的 /c-CN被水解时, 副 /c-酪蛋白发生聚集形成 三维网状凝胶, Ca2+促发酪蛋白胶束聚集, 进而引起酪蛋白胶束失稳并形成干酪凝块。
早在 50多年前, 干酪加工中使用的凝乳酶的需求已超过其产量。与此同时, 自 1961 年以来, 世界干酪产量大约增加了 3.5倍, 小牛皱胃凝乳酶供应量却呈下降趋势。 目前, 世界小牛皱胃凝乳酶仅能满足世界干酪产量所需凝乳酶的 20〜30%。 小牛皱胃凝乳酶的 供需矛盾和价格高昂、 宗教 (伊斯兰教和犹太教)、 饮食 (素食主义) 以及食品法规等因 素, 使得寻求其替代物成为乳品领域科学研究的热点之一。 寻求小牛皱胃凝乳酶替代物 的研究主要在动物、 植物、 基因重组以及微生物四个方面开展。 动物和植物来源的凝乳 酶主要用于特定种类的干酪, 其来源和产量同样受到限制; 利用基因重组技术制备的凝 乳酶具有成分单一等优点, 但是, 一些国家如法国、 德国和荷兰禁止使用重组凝乳酶。
微生物能够产生许多种酶类, 其中绝大部分分泌量很小并涉及细胞代谢过程, 胞外 酶能够消化不溶的纤维素、 淀粉和蛋白质大分子物质, 并转移至胞内作为细胞生长的营 养物质。 许多微生物, 尤其是霉菌和细菌来源的胞外蛋白酶具有凝乳酶相似的性质。 与 植物和动物来源凝乳酶 (MCEs ) 相比较, 微生物来源的凝乳酶 (MCEs) 具有生产成本 低、 具有更加广泛的生化多样性以及基因改造方法简便等优点。 微生物来源凝乳酶可分 为两类: (a) 来源于曲霉 (Aspergillus spp. ) 和根霉菌 (Rhizopus spp. ) 的类胃蛋白酶 (pepsin-like); (b )来源于毛霉菌(Mucor spp. )、 根霉菌 (Rhizomucor spp. )和板栗疫病
菌(Endothia parasitica >的类凝乳酶(rennin-like)。目前,米黑根毛霉(Rhizomucormiehei)、 微小根毛霉 (Rhizomucorpusillus) 和板栗疫病菌 ( Endothia parasitica ) 三种来源的凝乳 酶已用于大规模商业化生产中, 已占到了全球蛋白酶市场的 33%。 然而, 近年来微生物 凝乳酶研究主要集中在芽胞杆菌属 (Bacillus ) , 所得蛋白酶通常具有较高的蛋白酶水解 活力, 并具有耐热性较强、 不易灭活, 导致蛋白质降解并转化为乳清, 因此, 对干酪得 率具有负面作用, 只有部分适合于干酪生产。 因此尽管部分微生物凝乳酶已产业化, 筛 选新型产凝乳酶的微生物菌种仍是该领域的重要研究工作。 发明内容
因此, 本发明要解决的技术问题就是针对目前存在的凝乳酶来源和产量严重不足的 技术问题, 提供了一种具有凝乳酶活性的发酵液提取物的制备方法及其产物和应用。
为解决上述技术问题, 本发明采取的技术方案之一是: 一种具有凝乳酶活性的发酵 液提取物的制备方法, 其所述制备方法包括以下步骤: 利用小麦麸皮培养基培养类芽孢 杆菌(Paenibacillus damxungensis sp. nov. ) CGMCC No.8333 , 15°C〜40°C,震荡培养 18〜 120 小时得到发酵液, 将所得发酵液离心后取上清液即得。
本发明所述小麦麸皮培养基包括小麦麸皮和水。 其中所述的小麦麸皮为本领域常规 的小麦麸皮, 所述小麦麸皮的来源较佳地包括: 山东、河南和江苏, 优选的来源为山东。
本发明所述小麦麸皮培养基中小麦麸皮的含量较佳地为 1%〜14%, 更佳地为 1%〜 10% , 最佳地为 3%, 所述百分比为质量百分比。 本发明所述菌株类芽孢杆菌 CGMCC No.8333的接种量较佳地为 1〜9 %, 更佳地为 3%〜7%, 最佳地为 5%, 所述百分比为体 积百分比。其中所述培养温度较佳地为 20°C〜40°C,更佳地为 25°C〜35°C,最佳地为 30°C ; 所述震荡速度较佳地为 100〜300r/min, 更佳地为 140〜300r/min, 尤其更佳地为 200〜 300r/min, 最佳地为 300 r/min, 所述培养的时间较佳地为 18〜120小时, 更佳地为 20〜 48小时, 最佳地为 20小时, 其中所述离心的速度较佳地为 9000〜14000r/min。
本发明所述小麦麸皮培养基包含的营养成分较佳地为:蛋白质:18.6%,脂肪 : 6.20%, 总碳水化合物: 63.9%, 水分: 7.89% , 灰分: 3.38% , 所述百分比为质量百分比。
本发明所述具有凝乳酶活性的发酵液提取物的制备方法较佳地还包括菌种活化的步 骤。 所述菌种活化步骤包括: 将本发明所述类芽孢杆菌 CGMCC No.8333接种在 TYC培 养基中, 25°C〜35°C培养 18〜48小时作为种子; 将活化好的菌种按 1〜9 %的接种量接 种于盛有 1%〜14%的小麦麸皮培养基的 250mL锥形瓶中震荡培养, 250mL锥形瓶装液 量为 20 mL〜100 mL, 摇床转速为 140〜300 r/min, 培养温度为 20°C〜40°C, 培养时间
为 18〜120小时, 其中所述百分比为质量百分比。
其中所述菌株类芽孢杆菌 CGMCC No.8333接种量更佳地为 1〜5 %,最佳地为 3%, 所述百分比为体积百分比; 小麦麸皮培养基中的小麦麸皮含量较佳地为 1%〜14%, 更佳 地为 1%〜10%, 最佳地为 3%, 所述百分比为质量百分比; 250mL锥形瓶中装液量较佳 地为 20 mL〜100 mL, 更佳地为 25 mL〜75 mL, 最佳地为 30 mL; 震荡培养的震荡速度 较佳地为 140〜300 r/min, 最佳地为 300 r/min; 培养温度较佳地为 25°C〜35°C, 最佳地 为 30°C ; 活化时间较佳地为 18〜48小时, 更佳地为 18〜24小时, 最佳地为 18小时。
本发明所述具有凝乳酶活性的发酵液提取物的制备方法较佳地还包括将所得上清液 经过精制干燥的步骤, 所述精制干燥步骤为本领域常规的真空冷冻干燥步骤, 所述真空 冷冻干燥的温度较佳地为 -44 °C〜- 40°C, 优选地为 -40 °C。
本发明所述 TYC培养基为本领域常规的 TYC培养基,所述 TYC培养基的配方及制 备方法较佳地为: 酪蛋白胨或胰蛋白胨 15g, 蔗糖 50g, 酵母膏 5.0g, L-胱氨酸 0.2g, 乙 酸钠 20g, Na2SO4 0.1g, NaCl lg, Na2HP04- 12H20 2g, NaHC03 2g, 琼脂 15-20g, 加水 至 1L, pH7.3, 121 °C灭菌 15分钟即得, 上述原料的制备方法均为本领域常规制备方法, 或者通过市售可得。
为解决上述技术问题, 本发明采取的技术方案之二是: 如本发明所述制备方法所得 的具有凝乳酶活性的发酵液提取物。 本发明制备所得具有凝乳酶活性的发酵液提取物的 凝乳酶活力比普通的微生物来源发酵液提取物的凝乳酶活力更高。
为解决上述技术问题, 本发明采取的技术方案之三为: 本发明所述具有凝乳酶活性 的发酵液提取物在制备凝乳酶中的应用。
本发明所述凝乳酶的制备方法为本领域常规的制备方法, 只要以本发明所得具有凝 乳酶活性的发酵液提取物为原料进行制备即得。
为解决上述技术问题, 本发明采取的技术方案之四为: 本发明所述具有凝乳酶活性 的发酵液提取物在制备发酵乳制品中的应用。
本发明所述发酵乳制品为本领域常规发酵乳制品,较佳地包括发酵乳,乳酸菌饮料, 酸乳粉, 发酵乳酪, 更佳地为发酵乳酪, 优选地为干酪。
在符合本领域常识的基础上, 上述各优选条件, 可任意组合, 即得本发明各较佳实 例。
本发明所用试剂和原料均市售可得。
本发明的积极进步效果在于: 本发明所得具有凝乳酶活性的发酵液提取物的凝乳酶 活力高达 6469.72 ±280.65 SU/mL, 并且所得发酵液提取物的蛋白酶水解活力仅为 10.54
±0.65U/mL, 二者之比高达 613.82。 本发明提供的具有凝乳酶活性的发酵液提取物能够 使液态奶在短时间内发生凝乳,并且所得发酵液提取物对酪蛋白的非特异水解活性极低, 因此所述具有凝乳酶活性的发酵液提取物在原制干酪生产加工方面具有广阔的应用前景。 生物材料碰信息
本发明的类芽孢杆菌 BD3526, 已于 2013年 10月 14日保藏在中国微生物菌种保藏 管理委员会普通微生物中心(CGMCC),保藏地址:北京市朝阳区北辰西路 1号院 3号, 中国科学院微生物研究所, 邮编: 100101。 该菌株的保藏编号为: CGMCC No.8333。 该 菌株的分类命名是类芽孢杆菌 Paenibacillus sp., 光明乳业股份有限公司菌种库编号为 BD3526。 國侧
以下结合附图说明本发明的特征和有益效果。
图 1为本发明所述类芽孢杆菌 CGMCC No.8333在 TYC平板上的菌落图。
图 2显示本发明类芽孢杆菌 CGMCC No.8333的 16S rRNA系统发育进化树。
图 3为本发明所述类芽孢杆菌 CGMCC No.8333麸皮发酵上清凝乳形态图。 具体实 式
下面通过实施例的方式进一步说明本发明, 但并不因此将本发明限制在所述的实施 例范围之中。 下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法, 按照常规方法和条件, 或按照 商品说明书选择。 本发明中所述的室温是指进行试验的操作间的温度, 一般为 25°C。
Paenibacillus hunanensis FeL05T ( ACCC 10718T= CGMCC No.1.8907 T ) 与 Paenibacillus polymyxa ATCC 842T (CGMCC No.l.4261T) 购买自自中国微生物菌种保藏 管理委员会普通微生物中心 (CGMCC, 地址: 北京市朝阳区北辰西路 1号院 3号, 中国 科学院微生物研究所, 邮编: 100101)。
实施例 1 菌株 BD3526的初筛
从西藏自治区当雄县采集牦牛奶, 以无菌方式取 lml, 用无菌生理盐水系列稀释, 通过涂布的方式将稀释液均匀涂布于固体 TYC培养基上 (所述 TYC培养基的组分为: 酪蛋白胨或胰蛋白胨 15g, 蔗糖 50g, 酵母膏 5.0g, L-胱氨酸 0.2g, 乙酸钠 20g, Na2S04 O.lg, NaCl lg, Na2HP04- 12H20 2g, NaHC03 2g, 琼脂 15-20g, 加水至 1L, pH7.3, 将 上述组分溶解在蒸馏水中, 121 °C灭菌 15分钟即得), 30°C培养 24-48小时。 选取粘鼻涕
状、 具有良好拉丝性的单菌落多个, 分别转接到新的固体 TYC培养基上, 得到纯化的菌 落。
实施例 2 菌株 BD3526的获得及其特征
Biolog微生物自动检测仪 (生产厂商: Biolog公司) 鉴定实验:
Biolog微生物自动 Ο
ρ检测仪 (生产厂商: Biolog公司) 鉴定实验, 是 Biolog公司独创 的碳源利用方法, 利用微 ο生物对不同碳源进行呼吸代谢的差异, 筛选 95种不同碳源或其 他化学物质, 配合显色物质, 固定于 96孔板上 (A1孔为阴性对照)。 接种菌悬液培养一 定时间, 通过检测微生物细胞利用不同碳源进行呼吸代谢过程中产生的化学还原物质欲 显色物质发生反应导致的吸光度以及由于微生物生长造成的浊度, 生成特征指纹图谱, 与标准菌株图谱数据库进行比对, 即可得到最终鉴定结果。
1 ) 取如上所述实施例 1中的单菌落多个, 分别接种到液体 TYC中, 30°C培养 24h。
2) 在 lOOOOr/min下离心 20min, 弃去上清液, 加 lmL生理盐水, 在振荡器上振动 5min使之混匀; 再于 10000r/min下离心 20min, 重复 2次, 除去其中的碳源; 弃去上清 液, 加 lmL生理盐水, 在振荡器上振动 5min使之混匀, 于 2000r/min下离心 lmin。
3 ) 取上清液倒入装有 20mL 已灭菌生理盐水 (NaCl, 0.85 % ) 的试管中, 并使其 OD590维持在 0.13±0.02。
4)将如上所述稀释液加入 Biolog ECO微平板中 (150 μ L /孔),然后在 20 °C下培养, 每隔 12h用 Biolog细菌自动读数仪读取数据, 连续测定 2d。 结果如表 1所示。
表 1 菌株 BD3526的 Biolog鉴定结果
PROB SIM DIST 种类
1 0.535 0.535 6.927 \irgibacillus sediminis
2 0.117 Brachybacterium paraconglomeratum
3 0.102 Peanibacillus tundrae
4 0.095 0.095 7.802 Peanibacillus polymyxa
对结果进行鉴定需要考虑 3个参数,可能性(Probability, PROB )、相似性(Similarity, SIM), 位距 (Distance, DIS )。 SIM和 DIS值是 2个重要的参数, 表示测试结果与数据 库相应的数据的匹配程度。 当 DIS<5.0, SIM>0.75为良好的匹配。 结果显示, 其中的菌 株 BD3526鉴定的 SIM值 0.535<0.75, 说明与数据库中数据匹配度低, 表示与数据库中 的菌种在代谢特征上存在较大差异, 可能是一个新的微生物种类。
所得菌株 BD3526于 2013年 10月 14日保藏在中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通 微生物中心 (CGMCC ), 保藏地址: 北京市朝阳区北辰西路 1号院 3号, 中国科学院微
生物研究所, 邮编: 100101。 该菌株的保藏编号为: CGMCC No.8333。 该菌株的分类命 名是 Paenibacillus sp., 该菌株的名称是 BD3526。
实施例 3 菌株 BD3526的特征
1、 菌落特征:
取菌株 BD3526的单菌落, 转接到 TYC固体培养基 (琼脂) 上, 于 30°C恒温培养 箱中培养 24h、 36h和 48h, 分别观察其菌落的大小、颜色、边缘、 凸起、光滑度、粘性、 透明度等特点。 结果如图 1所示。 结果显示, 菌株 BD3526在 TYC固体培养基上形成边 缘整齐, 光滑, 粘稠, 表面光泽, 不透明的菌落, 直径约 3〜5mm。
2、 形态学观察及生理生化特征:
挑取在 TYC固体培养基 (琼脂)上培养 24h的新鲜培养物, 进行生理生化测试。 结 果显示, BD3526为革兰氏阳性杆菌, 芽孢端生, 为椭圆形, 不膨大。 BD3526其理化反 应参数如表 2。
表 2 菌株 BD3526的理化实验结果
氧化酶 - 接触酶 + β -半乳糖苷酶 +
精氨酸双水解 - 赖氨酸脱羧酶 - 鸟氨酸脱羧酶 +
脲酶 - 柠檬酸盐利用 - 硝酸盐还原 +
吲哚产生 - VP反应 + H2S产生 - 淀粉水解 + 七叶灵水解 + 明胶液化 +
3、 API 50 CHB鉴定特征
利用 API 50 CHB鉴定系统 (生产厂商: bioMe rieux) 测定菌株 BD3526发酵碳水化 合物的产酸情况。 API 50 CHB的试剂条中, 不同的序列号对应不同的碳源, 同时, 其中 含有指示剂,这样,如果其对应的碳源被利用,则培养液 pH下降,指示剂便会改变颜色, 利于观察记录。
1) API 50 CHB基础培养基成分: 胰蛋白胨 lg, 酵母膏 0.5g, 硫酸铵 2g, 酚红 0.18g, 无机盐基础 (Cohen-Bazire) 10ml, 磷酸盐缓冲液 (pH 7.8) 1000ml。
2) 在平板上培养菌株, 挑取有多个大小相近, 单菌落分离的平板。 挑取大小相近的 单菌落若干个, 加入 1)中的培养基中, 制成 OD6(M)=0.4〜0.6的菌悬液。
3) 将接过种的 API 50 CHB培养基加入到含有实验条的小管中,上面覆盖一层已灭菌 的石蜡油。
4) 在 30°C的恒温培养箱中培养, 分别在 24小时和 48小时记录实验现象。
菌株 BD3526利用碳水化合物发酵产酸的结果如表 3和表 4所示。
菌株 BD3526的 API 50 CHB鉴定结果
对照 - D-半乳糖 + 甘油 - 密二糖 + 龙胆二糖 + 甘露醇 + D-葡萄糖 + 麦芽糖 + 蔗糖 + D-来苏糖 - 赤藓醇 - D-果糖 + Ν-乙酰-葡糖胺 + 木糖醇 - D-塔格糖 -
D-阿拉伯糖 - D-甘露糖 + 苦杏仁苷 + 棉子糖 + D-岩藻糖 -
L-阿拉伯糖 + L-山梨糖 - 熊果甙 + 松三糖 - L-岩藻糖 -
D-核糖 + L-鼠李糖 - 七叶灵 + 乳糖 + D-阿拉伯糖醇 -
D-木糖 + 卫茅醇 - 水杨苷 + 淀粉 + L-阿拉伯糖醇 - 木糖 - 肌醇 - 纤维二塘 + 糖原 + 葡萄糖酸盐 + 阿东醇 - α-甲基 -D-甘 α-甲基 -D-葡萄糖甙 5-酮基 -葡萄 2-酮基-葡萄糖
露糖甙 - 糖酸盐 - 酸盐 +
β-甲基 -D-木糖 + 山梨醇 -
"+"表示利用糖产酸, "-"表示不产酸。
表 4 菌株 BD3526与其相近类芽孢杆菌的利用碳水化合物水解产酸的对比表
菌株 1 2
甘油 w 肌醇 w 葡萄糖酸盐 + W α-甲基 -D-葡萄糖甙 W
2-酮基 -葡萄糖酸盐 +
海藻糖 w + 注:菌株 1为 BD3526,菌株 2为 Paenibacillus hunanensis FeL05T (ACCC 10718T); W是指 "weak", 弱阳性。
如表 4所示,菌株 BD3526与菌株 2 Paenibacillus hunanensis FeL05T( ACCC 10718τ) 利用碳水化合物水解产酸方面有明显差异, 属于不同种。
实施例 4 菌株 BD3526的生长特性
1. 生长曲线:
1) 各取 30mL TYC液体培养基于 lOOmL锥形瓶中,用多层 (8-12层)纱布封口后, 121 °C 高温蒸汽灭菌 15分钟;
2) 挑取在 TYC固体培养基 (琼脂) 上培养 24h的新鲜培养物, 接种到上述 TYC液 体培养基, 30°C摇床培养 20〜24h, 作为种子。
3) 将 2) 中所培养的 BD3526种子按 2%(v/v)接种量转接新鲜的无菌接种 TYC液体 培中, 混匀。 取 150 μ 1混合液加入 costar 96孔灭菌微孔板中, 3份平行, 并以不接种的 TYC液体培养基做空白。 波长 600nm下测量 OD值, 间隔 30min。
2. 生长温度:
将 2)中所培养的 BD3526种子按 2%(v/v)接种量转接新鲜的无菌接种 TYC液体培中, 混匀。 分别置于 4°C、 15°C、 30°C、 37°C、 40°C、 60 °C的水浴培养, 每个温度梯度做三个 平行,分别在 24h和 48h时测定其生长情况。得到菌株 BD3526生长温度范围为 15〜40°C, 较佳地为 30°C。
3. 生长 NaCl耐受性
将 2)中所培养的 BD3526种子按 2%(v/v)接种量转接氯化钠浓度分别为 0.0%、2.0%、 5.0%、 7.0%和 10.0%的 TYC培养基, 30°C培养, 分别于 24h和 48h的生长状态做记录。 结果显示菌株 BD3526的 NaCl耐受性为 10%。
4. 生长 pH范围
用无菌的 HC1和 NaOH将灭好菌的 TYC培养基调至 pH值分别为 3.0、4.0、5.0、5.5、 6.0、 6.5、 7.0、 8.0、 8.5、 9.0、 10.0, 将 2) 中所培养的 BD3526种子按 2%接种量接入, 30°C培养, 分别于 24h和 48h的生长状态做记录。 得到菌株 BD3526生长的 pH范围为 5.5—8.5, 较佳地为 6.0。
实施例 5 菌株 BD3526的 16S系统发育学特征
利用天跟细菌基因组提取试剂盒( TIANAMP Bacteria DNA Kit), 按照革兰氏阳性菌 操作步骤获得菌株 BD3526的基因组 DNA。 分别测定其 230nm、 260nm、 280nm的吸光 度, 其 A260: A280: A230为 1 : 0.510: 0.445。 纯度符合要求。
利用 27F, 1492R引物扩增菌株 BD3526的 16S rDNA片段。纯化, 然后与 pMD19-T Simple Vector的 TA克隆载体连接,放于 16°C的水浴中反应过夜,转化到大肠杆菌 DH5a 的感受态细胞中, 于氨苄青霉素的 LB琼脂培养基平板上涂布, 在 37°C培养 16-20小时 后,挑取阳性转化子。将上述阳性转化子送上海杰李生物公司测序。将测序结果放到 NCBI 及 EzTaxon数据库中, 比对得到与最相近的菌株 (Paenibacillus hunanensis FeL05T)相似 性为 96.6%。
如上所述的引物对序列为, 1492R: TACCTTGTTACGACTT ( SEQ ID N0.2所示), 27F: AGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAG ( SEQ ID N0.3所示)。
菌株 BD3526的 16S rRNA基因测序的结果如 SEQ ID N0.1所示。
如上所述的 16S rRNA序列采用软件 CLUSTAL_X program (version 1.83)进行比对,
使用软件 MEGA version 4.0.2. software绘制进化关系树。 采用 neighbor-joining计算, 并 以 maximum-parsimony禾口 maximum-likelihood进行验证计算, bootstra 设置为 1000个循 环,结果如图 2所示。从图 2可见,通过对 16S rRNA基因的系统发育树分析,菌株 BD3526 可以归入到 Paenibacillus hunanensis簾。 但是, 菌株 BD3526与 Paenibacillus hunanensis 模式菌株相似性为 96.6%。而 97%则是同一属内不同种类菌株相似性的 16S rRNA的阈值, 而且很多文献中证明了有些菌 16S rRNA基因序列的相似性超过了 99%, 但是他们仍然 属于不同的菌种。 故菌株 BD3526较有可能为新的微生物物种, 有待其他生理生化指标 的验证。
实施例 6 菌株 BD3526脂肪酸含量特征
菌株 BD3526的总脂肪酸含量的测定。
配置如下溶液: I, 45g氢氧化钠溶于 150ml甲醇及 150ml蒸馏水; II, 190ml浓盐酸, 275ml甲醇溶于 135ml蒸馏水; III, 200ml正己垸与 200ml乙醚混合均匀; IV, 10.8克 氢氧化钠溶于 900ml蒸馏水; V, 饱和氯化钠溶液。
1 ) 取适量细菌培养物, 置于 8ml螺口玻璃管中, 加入 lml溶液 I, 拧紧螺盖, 沸水 浴 5min, 取出振荡 5〜10S, 继续沸水浴 25min;
2)待样品管冷却后,加入 2ml溶液 II,盖严振荡,随后精确控制 80±1 °C水浴 10min, 冰浴冷却;
3 ) 向上述溶液中, 加入 1.25ml溶液 III, 快速振荡 lOmin左右, 弃去下层水相;
4) 在剩余有机相重加入 3ml溶液 IV及 0.1-0.2ml溶液 V, 快速振荡 5min左右, 取 三分之二上层有机相置色谱样品瓶中。
HP6890气相色谱仪, 配备分流 /不分流进样口, 氢化焰离子化检测器 (FID) 及 HP 气相色谱化学工作站; 色谱柱为 Ultra-2柱, 长 25m, 内径 0.2mm, 液膜厚度 0.33μιη; 炉温为二阶程序升温:起始温度 170°C, 5°C/min升至 260°C,随后 40°C/min升至 310°C, 维持 1.5min; 进样口温度 250°C, 载气为氢气, 流速 0.5ml/min, 分流进样模式, 分流比 为 100: 1,进样量为 2μ1;检测温度 300 °C,氢气流速为 30ml/min,空气流速为 216ml/min, 补充气 (氮气) 流速为 30ml/min。
结果显示, 菌株 BD3526的主要细胞脂肪酸为反异式饱和脂肪酸 C15: Q、 反异式十七 碳饱和脂肪酸、 十六碳饱和脂肪酸, 百分含量分别为 59.02%、 11.09%、 7.66%。 符合类 芽孢杆菌属主要的脂肪酸为为反异式饱和脂肪酸 C15: oo而且同相似菌株脂肪酸种类与含 量上, 均有差异, 以此判断同相似菌株属于不同种类。
实施例 7 菌株 BD3526的 G+C mol%含量特征
菌株 BD3526基因组 DNA的 G+C mol%含量测定。
使用熔解温度 (Tm)法, 以大肠埃希氏 (E. coli K12, AS 1.365)为参比对照, 所用 仪器为 Perkin/Elmer公司 Lambda35 UV/VIS Spectrometer; 用 PTP-1数字温度控制仪控温。 步骤如下:
1 ) 将待测 DNA样品用 O.lxSSC稀释至 OD26。nm值于 0.3〜0.4之间;
2)在波长 260 nm首先记录 25°C的 OD值,然后设定升温程序,从 65°C开始到 95°C, 其间每分钟升高 rc;
3 ) OD值上升表示变性开始, 记录比色皿温度和 OD值, 直至 OD值不变表示变性 完毕;
4) 根据热变性曲线, 得出熔链温度 (Tm), 计算 G+C mol%含量。
在 O.lxSSC溶液中计算公式为:
G+C mol% = G+C mol^ASuM十 2.08 (Tm未知一 TmAS1.365)
试验测定的 E. coli K12, AS 1.365的 Tm为 75.810°C,待测菌株的 Tm值和 G+C mol%。 菌株 BD3526的 G+C mol%结果见表 5。
表 5 菌株 BD3526的 G+C mol%含量 菌株编号 1¾1值 G+C mol% 对照 E coli kl2 75.810 -
BD3526 74.024 47.48
菌株 BD3526的 G+C mol%为 47.48%, Paenibacillus hunanensis FeL05T (ACCC 10718T=CGMCC 1.8907T =DSM 22170T) G+C mol%为 53.3% (两者差异大于 5%)。 类芽 孢杆菌属 G+C含量范围 45〜54 mol%。 依据东方秀、 蔡秒英主编的 《常见细菌系统鉴 定手册》, 类芽孢杆菌属 G+C含量范围 45〜54 mol%; 两株菌 G+C mol%差别大于 5%, 可判断不属于同一个种 (在其他性状相似的情况下也可作上述判断)。 由此判断, 菌株 BD3526归为类芽孢杆菌属 (Paenibacillus sp.), 同最相近的菌株 Paenibacillus hunanensis FeL05T (ACCC 10718T=CGMCC 1.8907T =DSM 22170T) 属于不同种。
实施例 8 菌株 BD3526的杂交试验
菌株 BD3526同遗传亲缘关系最相似的菌种及类芽孢杆菌属模式菌种的杂交试验。 参考 16S rRNA 的结果, 对 BD3526 与遗传亲缘关系最相似的种 Paenibacillus hunanensis FeL05 T (ACCC 10718T= CGMCC 1.8907τ = DSM 22170T) 及 Paenibacillus模 式菌株 Paenibacillus polymyxa ATCC 842T (=CGMCC 1.4261T=DSM 36T=KCTC 3858T)
进行 DNA-DNA杂交试验。
采用液相复性率方法,所用仪器为 Perkin Elmer Lambda35 UV/VIS Spectrophotometer 温度控制用 PTP-1 Peltier System数字控温系统。 步骤如下:
1 ) DNA样品处理: 如上所述实施例 5中提取的 DNA样品, 实验前需先置冰浴中用 超声波 40W打 24分钟 (设定为: 打 3秒 /停 3秒; DNA样品浓度为 OD26Q nm 2.0, 将 DNA样品剪切为 2-5 X 105道尔顿的片段。
2)将待测 DNA样品 (A、 B )分别用 O.lxSSC精确配制成为 OD260 nm 1.8-2.0, 且 两者 OD26Q nm值一致 (精确到 0.001 );
3 ) 进入 UV Winlab程序 (生产厂商: Perkin Elmer), 出现其方法窗口, 在方法窗口 中选择时间驱动 TD方法, 通过 Timed. Inst. Sample.设置页来设定合适的测定参数。 测定 波长为 260 nm, 总测定时间设定为 30 分钟。 按照已经测定的 G+C mol%计算最适复性 温度(optimal renaturation temperature, TOR), 将比色杯的温度稳定在最适复性温度。 在 2 X SSC反应液中, 最适复性温度按公式: TOR = 0.51 x (G+C) mol% + 47计算。
4) 取两株菌种 DNA样品各 400 μΐ分别装在两个离心管中, 再取两株菌种 DNA样 品各 200 μΐ装在同一个离心管中为混合样品;
5) 单一 DNA样品和混合 DNA样品测试前分别通过 PTP-1控温系统 (生产厂商: Perkin Elmer)设置 100°C变性 15 min, 然后降温至最适复性温度。 记录 OD26。nm值, 待 反应进行到 30 min时, 停止读数, 全部过程样品的温度都不得低于 TOR, 最终得到一条 随时间延长, 光吸收值逐渐减小的直线;
6 )根据软件 UV Winlab,在其中的 Algorithm栏中选择 Slope, 得出复性数率( V ), 即斜率 (通常 V表示为每分钟吸光值的减少值);
7) 根据公式计算同源杂交率。
同源杂交率 (H) % = 4Vm- (Va+Vb) /2^VaVb χ100%
DNA-DNA杂交结果如下:
BD3526/ Paenibacillus hunanensis FeL05 T (三次重复):
H%=39.82% (I);
H%=41.60% (11);
H%=42.10% (111)。
BD3526/ Paenibacillus polymyxa ATCC 842T (三次重复):
H%=41.62% (1);
H%=46.60% (11);
H%=48.60% (111)。
结果显示,菌株 BD3526同 Paenibacillus hunanensis FeL05 T (ACCC 10718T=CGMCC 1.8907T =DSM 22170T) 的 DNA同源性为 39.82〜42.10%, 同类芽孢杆菌属的模式菌种 Paenibacillus polymyxa ATCC 842T (=CGMCC 1.4261T=DSM 36T=KCTC 3858T) DNA的 同源性为 41.62〜48.60%。 根据《伯杰氏细菌鉴定手册》, 在最适的条件下, DNA同源性 在 70%以上是属于同一种的, 在 20%以上是属于同一属的。 并结合实施例 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 的数据, 由此判断菌株 BD3526属于类芽孢杆菌属的一个新种。 该菌株的分类地位是 Paenibacillus sp., 依照国际细菌系统分类委员会的命名方法, 欲将该种命名为 Paenibacillus damxungensis sp. nov., 并选菌株 BD3526为该种的模式菌株。
实施例 9 菌株 BD3526的发酵液提取物的凝乳酶活性检测
将实施例 1 所得类芽孢杆菌新种 BD3526 ( Paenibacillus damxungensis sp. nov. ) CGMCC No.8333接种至 TYC培养基中 35°C、 180r/min培养 16h作为种子使用, 按 9% 的接种至 250mL锥形瓶中装有 20mL的 1%小麦麸皮培养基中并混匀,于 20°C, 300r/min 的条件下, 震荡培养 18h。 培养结束后, 称取 5mL培养好的小麦麸皮培养基经 4°C, 9000r/min离心后得到的上清即为含有凝乳酶的粗提物。
将制备得到的 500μί的粗酶液按照下述方法进行凝乳实验,凝乳酶活力(milk clotting activity, MCA) 测定方法包括以下步骤:
将脱脂奶粉以 10%(w/v)的比例配置成 pH=6.0含有 10mmol/L CaCl2的溶液,在 35°C 水浴中孵育 lOmin后, 将 500μί的凝乳酶加入至 35°C的 10mL脱脂乳溶液中, 每 15s 将样品取出并倾斜 45°C观察样品组织状态, 以形成不连续颗粒的时间计作凝乳时间。 1 个凝乳酶单位 (Soxhlet unite, SU) 定义为 35°C条件下, 使 lmL脱脂乳在 40min发生 凝乳所需的酶量。
2400 X Vs
MCA ( SU/mL) = ^ T 7 X D
τ χ νΕ
T—凝乳时间, 秒
Vs——底物体积, mL
VE——酶液体积, mL
D—稀释倍率
蛋白酶水解活力 (proteolytic activity, PA) 的测定方法如下:
以酪蛋白为底物, 采用 Folin-Ciocalteu phenol方法进行蛋白水解活力测定。 将 5mL 用 0.05mol/L pH 6.0的磷酸盐配置 12g/L的酪蛋白溶液加入至 lmL发酵上清中, 混合均
匀并在 35°C水浴中孵育 lOmin后, 加入 0.44mol/L TCA终止反应, 并于 -4°C 10000r/min 离心取上清。 取 2mL上清加入 0.28mol/L 的 NaOH 溶液 5 mL和按 1:2 比例稀释的 Folin-Ciocalteu phenol试剂, 35 °C水浴中孵育 15min后, 测定 60 配置 10(^g/mL的 酪氨酸溶液, 并按照 Folin-Ciocalteu phenol方法分别测定 0 20 40 60 80和 lOO g/mL 酪氨酸溶液的 A66o nm, 建立标准曲线。 1个蛋白水解活力定义为 lmin释放 Ιμιηοΐ酪氨酸 所需的酶量。
测得实验结果表明,类芽孢杆菌菌株 BD3526 (CGMCC No.8333 )的凝乳时间为 57.67 ±2.05 秒, 根据上述方法测算从该菌株所得具有凝乳酶活性的发酵液提取物的凝乳酶活 力为 833.43 ±29.98SU/mL; 测得该发酵液提取物的蛋白酶水解活力为 1.53 ±0.18U/mL MCA/PA比值为 544.72, 利用所得类芽孢杆菌的菌株 BD3526 (CGMCC No.8333 ) 提取 物制备的凝乳形态如图 3所示。
实施例 10 菌株 BD3526的发酵液提取物的凝乳酶活性检测
将实施例 1所得类芽孢杆菌 CGMCC No.8333接种至 TYC培养基中 25°C 180r/min 培养 20h作为种子使用, 按 5%的接种至 250mL锥形瓶中装有 50mL的 3%小麦麸皮培养 基中并混匀, 于 30°C 200r/min的条件下, 震荡培养 28 h
培养结束后, 称取 5mL培养好的小麦麸皮培养基经 0°C 9000r/min离心后得到的上 清即为含有凝乳酶的粗提物。 将制备得到的 500μί的粗酶液稀释 5倍 (D=5 ) 按照实施 例 9中的方法分别进行 MCA和 PA的测定。
测得的凝乳时间为 78.33 ± 1.25 秒, 计算得到的粗酶液凝乳酶活力为 3064.60 + 48.51SU/mL; 测得的蛋白酶水解活力为 5.21 ±0.47U/mL MCA/PA比值为 588.21
实施例 11 类芽孢杆菌 CGMCC No.8333发酵液提取物的凝乳酶活性检测
将实施例 1所得类芽孢杆菌 CGMCC No.8333接种至 TYC培养基中 30°C 180r/min 震荡培养 20h作为种子使用, 按 1%的接种至 250mL锥形瓶中装有 lOOmL的 14%小麦麸 皮培养基中并混匀, 于 30°C 200r/min的条件下, 震荡培养 120h
培养结束后, 称取 5mL培养好的小麦麸皮培养基经 4°C 9000r/min离心后得到的上 清即为含有凝乳酶的粗提物。
将制备得到的 500μί的粗酶液按照实施例 9中的方法分别进行 MCA和 ΡΑ的测定。 测得的凝乳时间为 67.33 ± 1.63 秒, 计算得到的粗酶液凝乳酶活力为 716.84士 17.48SU/mL; 测得的蛋白酶水解活力为 1.39 ±0.29U/mL MCA/PA比值为 515.71
实施例 12 类芽孢杆菌 CGMCC No.8333发酵液提取物的凝乳酶活性检测 将实施例 1所得类芽孢杆菌 CGMCC No.8333接种至 TYC培养基中 30°C 180r/min
震荡培养 20h作为种子使用, 按 5%的接种至 250mL锥形瓶中装有 30mL的 3%小麦麸皮 培养基中并混匀, 于 30°C, 300r/min的条件下, 震荡培养 20h。 培养结束后, 称取 5mL 培养好的小麦麸皮培养基经 4°C, 9000r/min离心后得到的上清即为含有凝乳酶的粗提物。
将制备得到的 500^的粗酶液稀释 10倍 (D=10) 按照实施例 9中的方法分别进行 MCA和 PA的测定。
测得的凝乳时间为 74.33 ± 3.26 秒, 计算得到的粗酶液凝乳酶活力为 6469.72 + 280.65SU/mL; 测得的蛋白酶水解活力为 10.54 ±0.65U/mL, MCA/PA比值为 613.82。
实施例 13类芽孢杆菌 CGMCC No.8333发酵液提取物的凝乳酶活性检测
将实施例 1所得类芽孢杆菌 CGMCC No.8333接种至 TYC培养基中 30°C、 180r/min 震荡培养 18h作为种子使用, 按 3%的接种至 250mL锥形瓶中装有 20mL的 3%小麦麸皮 培养基中并混匀, 于 40°C, 300r/min的条件下, 震荡培养 18h。 培养结束后, 称取 5mL 培养好的小麦麸皮培养基经 4°C, 14000r/min离心后得到的上清即为含有凝乳酶的粗提物。
将制备得到的 500μί的粗酶液按照实施例 9中的方法分别进行 MCA和 ΡΑ的测定。 测得的凝乳时间为 3720 ± 86.41 秒, 计算得到的粗酶液凝乳酶活力为 12.91士 0.30SU/mL; 测得的蛋白酶水解活力为 0.04 ±0.02U/mL, MCA/PA比值为 322.75。
实施例 14类芽孢杆菌 CGMCC No.8333发酵液提取物的凝乳酶活性检测
将实施例 1所得类芽孢杆菌 CGMCC No.8333接种至 TYC培养基中 35°C、 180r/min 震荡培养 18h作为种子使用, 按 7%的接种至 250mL锥形瓶中装有 50mL的 10%小麦麸 皮培养基中并混匀, 于 35°C, 180r/min的条件下, 震荡培养 48h。培养结束后, 称取 5mL 培养好的小麦麸皮培养基经 4°C, 14000r/min离心后得到的上清即为含有凝乳酶的粗提物。
将制备得到的 500μί的粗酶液稀释 5倍 (D=5 )按照实施例 9中的方法分别进行 MCA 和 PA的测定。
测得的凝乳时间为 240.33 ± 2.49 秒, 计算得到的粗酶液凝乳酶活力为 998.72士 10.41SU/mL; 测得的蛋白酶水解活力为 1.67 ±0.27U/mL, MCA/PA比值为 598.03。
实施例 15类芽孢杆菌 CGMCC No.8333发酵液提取物的凝乳酶活性检测
将实施例 1所得类芽孢杆菌 CGMCC No.8333接种至 TYC培养基中 30°C、 140r/min 震荡培养 18h作为种子使用, 按 5%的接种至 250mL锥形瓶中装有 30mL的 3%小麦麸皮 培养基中并混匀, 于 25°C, 300r/min的条件下, 震荡培养 20h。 培养结束后, 称取 5mL 培养好的小麦麸皮培养基经 4°C, 14000r/min离心后得到的上清即为含有凝乳酶的粗提物。
将制备得到的 500^的粗酶液稀释 10倍 (D=10) 按照实施例 9中的方法分别进行 MCA和 PA的测定。
测得的凝乳时间为 115.67 ± 2.49 秒, 计算得到的粗酶液凝乳酶活力为 4151.77 + 88.83SU/mL; 测得的蛋白酶水解活力为 6.89 ±0.95U/mL, MCA/PA比值为 602.58。
对比实施例 1 不同微生物来源的粗酶液凝乳酶活力检测
将 500^其他微生物来源的粗酶液按照实施例 2所述方法进行凝乳实验, 所得粗酶 液的凝乳酶活力数据如表 6所示:
其他微生物来源的粗酶液凝乳酶活力测试结果
其中表 6所述微生物 Mucor rouxii请参考文献 [1] : Yu P J, Chou C C. Factors affecting thegrowth and production of milk clotting enzyme by Amylomycesrouxii in rice liquid medium[J]. Food Technology and Biotechnology, 2005, 43(3): 283-288.;
表 6所述微生物 Penicilliumoxalicum请参考文南犬 [2]: Hashem MA. Purification and properties of a milk clotting enzyme producedbyPenicilliumoxalicum[J]. Bioresource
Technology, 2000, 75(3): 219 - 222.;
表 6所述微生物 Nocardiopsis spp.请参考文献 [3]: Cavalcanti MTH, Martinez CR, Furtado VC, Neto BB, Teixeira MF, Lima Filho JL, Porto ALF.Milk-clotting protease production by Nocardiopsis sp. in an inexpensive medium[J] .World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2005, 21(2): 151-154.;
表 6所述微生物 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens D4请参考文献 [4] : He X, Zhang W, Ren F, Gan B, Guo H. Screening fermentation parameters of the milk-clotting enzyme produced by newly isolated Bacillus amyloliquefaciens D4 from the Tibetan Plateau in China[J]. Annals of Microbiology, 2012, 62(1): 357-365.;
表 6所述微生物 Bacillus subtilis (natto) Taka ashi请参考文献 [5] : Shieh C J, Phan Thi LA, Shih I L. Milk-clotting enzymes produced by culture of Bacillus subtilis natto [J].
Biochemical Engineering Journal, 2009, 43 (1): 85-91.;
表 6所述微生物 Bacillus subtilis B l请参考文献 [6] : Ding Z Y, Liu S P, Gu Z H, Zhang L, Zhang K C, Shi G Y. Production of milk-clotting enzyme by Bacillus subtilis B l from wheat bran[J]. African Journal of Biotechnology, 2011, 10(46): 9370-9378.;
表 6所述微生物 Bacillus subtilis YB-3请参考文献 [7] : Li Y, Liang S, Zhi D, Chen P, Su F, Li H. Purification and characterization of Bacillus subtilis milk-clotting enzyme from Tibet Plateau and its potential use in yak dairy industry [J]. European Food Research and Technology, 2012, 234(4): 733-741.;
表 6所述微生物 Bacillus sphaericus NRC 24请参考文献 [8]: El-Bendary M A, Moharam M E, Ali T H. Purification and Characterization of Milk Clotting Enzyme Produced by Bacillus sphaericus [J]. Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 2007, 3(8): 695-699. 。
从上述实验结果中可以看出,利用本发明所述类芽孢杆菌新种 BD3526(Paenibacillus damxungensis sp. nov. ) CGMCC No.8333制备的凝乳酶的活力比其他微生物来源的凝乳 酶的活力高出数倍甚至数百倍之多, 填补了凝乳酶制备领域的巨大空白。
对比实施例 2利用不同培养基制备类芽孢杆菌 CGMCC No.8333发酵液提取物 将实施例 1所得类芽孢杆菌 CGMCC No.8333接种至 TYC培养基中 30°C、 180r/min 培养 18h作为种子使用, 将所得菌株种子按 3%的接种量, 分别接种至 250mL锥形瓶中 装有 50mL的 3%小麦麸皮培养基和 250mL锥形瓶中装有 50mL的 LB培养基中并混匀, 于 30°C, lOOr/min的条件下, 震荡培养 30h。 培养结束后, 分别称取 5mL培养好的小麦 麸皮培养基和 LB培养基均经 4°C, 9000r/min离心后得到的上清即为含有凝乳酶的粗提 物。
将制备得到的小麦麸皮培养基 500 的粗酶液稀释 5倍 (D=5), LB培养基粗酶液 不稀释 (D=l ), 分别按照实施例 9中的方法分别进行 MCA和 PA的测定。
小麦麸皮培养基粗酶液测得的凝乳时间为 77.67 ±2.52秒,计算得到的粗酶液凝乳酶 活力为 3092.3 l ± 100.88SU/mL; 测得的蛋白酶水解活力为 5.23 ±0.51U/mL, MCA/PA比 值为 591.26。
LB培养基粗酶液测得的凝乳时间为 3630.67 ± 137.48秒, 计算得到的粗酶液凝乳酶 活力为 13.24 ±0.51 SU/mL; 测得的蛋白酶水解活力为 0.03 ±0.001 U/mL, MCA/PA比值 为 441.33。
由此可见, 利用小麦麸皮培养基制备的凝乳酶粗酶液与利用 LB 培养基制备的粗酶 液相比, 所得发酵液提取物的凝乳酶活力提高了 233.56倍。
应理解, 在阅读了本发明的上述内容之后, 本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改 动或修改, 这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。
虽然以上描述了本发明的具体实施方式, 但是本领域的技术人员应当理解, 这些仅 是举例说明, 在不背离本发明的原理和实质的前提下, 可以对这些实施方式做出多种变 更或修改。 因此, 本发明的保护范围由所附权利要求书限定。
Claims
1、 一种具有凝乳酶活性的发酵液提取物的制备方法, 其特征在于, 所述制备方法包 括以下步骤: 利用小麦麸皮培养基培养类芽孢杆菌 (Paenibacillus damxungensis sp. nov. ) CGMCC No.8333 , 15°C〜40°C, 震荡培养 18〜120 小时得到发酵液, 将所得发酵液离心 后取上清液即得。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的制备方法, 其特征在于, 所述小麦麸皮培养基的组分包括小 麦麸皮和水, 其中小麦麸皮的含量为 1%〜14%, 所述百分比为质量百分比。
3、如权利要求 1或 2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述震荡培养的震荡速度为 100 r/min〜 300 r/min。
4、 如权利要求 3所述的制备方法, 其特征在于, 所述小麦麸皮培养基中小麦麸皮的 质量百分比含量为 1%〜10%, 所述震荡培养的震荡速度为 140 r/mii!〜 300 r/min, 震荡培 养的时间为 20小时〜 48小时。
5、 如权利要求 1〜4中的至少一项所述的制备方法, 其特征在于, 所述离心的温度 为 0°C〜4°C, 离心速度为 9000 r/min〜 14000r/min。
6、 如权利要求 1〜5 中的至少一项所述的制备方法, 其特征在于, 所述制备方法还 包括菌种活化步骤, 所述菌种活化步骤为: 将所述类芽孢杆菌 CGMCC No.8333接种在 TYC培养基中, 25°C〜35°C活化培养 18〜48小时作为种子使用;将活化好的菌种按体积 百分比 1〜9%的接种量,接种于包含质量百分比为 1%〜14%小麦麸皮的小麦麸皮培养基 中震荡培养。
7、 如权利要求 6所述的制备方法, 其特征在于, 活化培养的时间为 18小时〜 48小 时, 所述震荡培养的震荡速度为 140〜300 r/min, 震荡培养的温度为 25°C〜35°C ; 震荡 培养的时间为 18小时〜 120小时。
8、 如权利要求 1〜7 中的至少一项所述的制备方法, 其特征在于, 所述制备方法还 包括将所得上清液经过精制干燥的步骤, 所述精制干燥步骤为真空冷冻干燥, 真空冷冻 干燥的温度为 -44°C〜- 40°C。
9、 如权利要求 1〜8 中的至少一项所述制备方法所得的具有凝乳酶活性的发酵液提 取物。
10、 如权利要求 9所述的具有凝乳酶活性的发酵液提取物在制备凝乳酶中的应用。
11、 如权利要求 9所述的具有凝乳酶活性的发酵液提取物在制备发酵乳制品中的应 用, 其中所述发酵乳制品为干酪。
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| CN105018450A (zh) * | 2015-07-13 | 2015-11-04 | 光明乳业股份有限公司 | 类芽孢杆菌CGMCC No.8333凝乳酶粗提物及制备方法 |
| CN104911167A (zh) * | 2015-07-13 | 2015-09-16 | 光明乳业股份有限公司 | 类芽孢杆菌CGMCC No.8333凝乳酶及制备方法 |
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| CN113875975A (zh) * | 2021-09-03 | 2022-01-04 | 许昌学院 | 一种利用小麦加工副产物制备后生元的发酵工艺 |
| CN113875975B (zh) * | 2021-09-03 | 2023-06-30 | 许昌学院 | 一种利用小麦加工副产物制备后生元的发酵工艺 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| EP3106515A1 (en) | 2016-12-21 |
| EP3106515A4 (en) | 2017-07-12 |
| CN103865842A (zh) | 2014-06-18 |
| CN103865842B (zh) | 2015-10-28 |
| EP3106515B1 (en) | 2018-11-21 |
| NZ721752A (en) | 2017-04-28 |
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