WO2015132890A1 - 走行中非接触給電システム - Google Patents
走行中非接触給電システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015132890A1 WO2015132890A1 PCT/JP2014/055523 JP2014055523W WO2015132890A1 WO 2015132890 A1 WO2015132890 A1 WO 2015132890A1 JP 2014055523 W JP2014055523 W JP 2014055523W WO 2015132890 A1 WO2015132890 A1 WO 2015132890A1
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- power supply
- primary
- transformer
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- series
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L5/00—Current collectors for power supply lines of electrically-propelled vehicles
- B60L5/005—Current collectors for power supply lines of electrically-propelled vehicles without mechanical contact between the collector and the power supply line
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
- B60L53/12—Inductive energy transfer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
- B60L53/12—Inductive energy transfer
- B60L53/122—Circuits or methods for driving the primary coil, e.g. supplying electric power to the coil
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60M—POWER SUPPLY LINES, AND DEVICES ALONG RAILS, FOR ELECTRICALLY- PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60M7/00—Power lines or rails specially adapted for electrically-propelled vehicles of special types, e.g. suspension tramway, ropeway, underground railway
- B60M7/003—Power lines or rails specially adapted for electrically-propelled vehicles of special types, e.g. suspension tramway, ropeway, underground railway for vehicles using stored power (e.g. charging stations)
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
- H02J50/12—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/40—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using two or more transmitting or receiving devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2210/00—Converter types
- B60L2210/30—AC to DC converters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/70—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving the reduction of electric, magnetic or electromagnetic leakage fields
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/90—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving detection or optimisation of position, e.g. alignment
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a power supply system that supplies power to a moving moving body in a contactless manner.
- a secondary coil (power receiving coil) 102 of a non-contact power supply transformer mounted on the floor of the vehicle A system has been developed in which a primary coil (power transmission coil) 202 installed on the side is opposed to feed power to a stopped vehicle from the ground side in a non-contact manner.
- Patent Document 1 As shown in FIG. 14, in order to increase the allowable amount of positional deviation and gap fluctuation between the primary side coil and the secondary side coil of this charging system and to reduce the size of the coil.
- a “double-sided coil” in which a winding 11 is wound around a plate-like ferrite core 10 is used. In this double-sided coil, the main magnetic flux passing through the ferrite core 10 enters and exits through the magnetic pole portions at both ends of the core.
- Patent Document 2 describes a coil having an H-shaped ferrite core, which was developed to further reduce the size and weight of a double-sided coil, as shown in FIG.
- the winding 11 is wound around a portion corresponding to the horizontal bar of the H-shaped core, and the parallel portions 12 on both sides of the H-shaped core serve as magnetic pole portions.
- Patent Document 2 describes that the tolerance of misalignment is greater in the direction of lines parallel to both magnetic poles (x direction) than in the direction of lines perpendicular to both magnetic poles (y direction). Has been.
- a plurality of power feeding devices including an AC power source, a high-frequency power driver, a primary coil, a primary self-resonant coil, a power sensor, an ECU, and the like are installed along a vehicle running path, and include a power receiving coil. Power is supplied to the traveling vehicle.
- a plurality of resonators represented by the equivalent circuit of FIG. 16 are used as source coils of the power feeding device as shown in FIG. The arrangement is continued and its characteristics are studied.
- Non-Patent Document 1 even when the primary side coils are arranged without a gap as shown in FIG. 17, a “dead zone” in which the power supply to the secondary side coil is interrupted appears on the primary side coil as shown in FIG. 18. It has been reported.
- the present invention was devised in view of such circumstances, and is intended to provide a non-contact power feeding system during traveling that can be easily installed on the primary side (ground side) and can secure a long power feeding section. It is aimed.
- the present invention is a non-contact power supply system that supplies power to a moving mobile body in a non-contact manner from the ground side, the ground side including a plurality of primary-side power supply transformers installed along a travel path of the mobile body, A high-frequency power source that supplies high-frequency alternating current to the side-side power supply transformer via an electric wire, and a primary-side series capacitor that is connected in series to the primary-side power-supply transformer, and the moving body is fed in a non-contact manner from the primary-side power-supply transformer A secondary-side power transformer, a rectifier that rectifies the alternating current received by the secondary-side power transformer for charging, a secondary-side resonant capacitor connected in series or in parallel between the secondary-side power transformer and the rectifier,
- the primary-side power transformer and the secondary-side power transformer are each composed of a double-sided coil in which a winding is wound around a portion between magnetic poles of a core having magnetic poles at both ends, and is parallel to the magnetic poles at both
- the primary-side power transformer arranged on the travel path is configured by using double-sided coils with a large positional deviation tolerance, and the direction in which the positional deviation tolerance of the double-sided coils is large (parallel to the magnetic poles at both ends of the core). Since the primary-side power supply transformers are arranged in the direction of the line to be cut), even if the primary-side power supply transformers are arranged in a stepping stone shape, the power supply to the secondary coil is not interrupted. Moreover, in the non-contact electric power feeding system of this invention, it is possible to connect a some primary side electric power feeding transformer in series with a high frequency power supply. When a plurality of primary-side power supply transformers are connected in series, wiring is simplified and installation work on the travel path is easy.
- the primary-side series capacitor can be connected in series only between the high-frequency power source and one primary-side power supply transformer connected to the high-frequency power source.
- the primary side series capacitor sets the capacitance value so that the primary side circuit constitutes the series resonance circuit, and the secondary side resonance capacitor is connected in parallel. If it is, the capacitance value is set so that the primary power source power factor is 1.
- the primary side series capacitor may be divided and connected in series between the high frequency power source and one primary side power supply transformer connected to the high frequency power source and between the adjacent primary side power supply transformers.
- the division number of the primary side series capacitor is n
- the capacitance value of each divided primary side series capacitor is set to n ⁇ C1
- the capacitance value of C1 is set to the secondary side resonance capacitor connected in series. Is set so that the primary side circuit constitutes a resonance circuit, and when the secondary side resonance capacitor is connected in parallel, the primary side power factor is set to 1.
- a plurality of primary side power supply transformers may be connected in parallel to the high frequency power supply.
- the current concentrates on the primary-side power supply transformer close to the secondary-side power supply transformer, so that leakage magnetic flux from the primary-side power supply transformer at a position not facing the moving body can be suppressed.
- one primary side series capacitor is connected between the high frequency power source and each primary side power supply transformer connected in parallel to the high frequency power source.
- the capacitance value of one primary side series capacitor is set so that the primary side circuit forms a series resonance circuit, and the secondary side resonance capacitor is connected in parallel.
- the primary power source power factor is set to 1.
- the core of the double-sided coil is an H-shaped core.
- the primary-side power supply transformer can be reduced in size and weight.
- the primary side power transformer can be arranged in a stepping stone shape, so that installation work on the travel path is easy. Further, a long power supply section can be secured by a small number of primary side power supply transformers.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a non-contact power feeding system according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a circuit configuration of the system of FIG. 1 (primary side feeding transformer: series, C1: single, C2: parallel).
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a circuit configuration of the system of FIG. 1 (primary power supply transformer: series, C1: division, C2: parallel).
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a circuit configuration of the system of FIG. 1 (primary power supply transformer: series, C1: single, C2: series).
- FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a circuit configuration of the system of FIG. 1 (primary power supply transformer: series, C1: division, C2: series).
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a circuit configuration of the system of FIG. 1 (primary power supply transformer: parallel, C1: single, C2: parallel).
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a circuit configuration of the system of FIG. 1 (primary power supply transformer: parallel, C1: single, C2: series).
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the configuration of the experimental apparatus in the present embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an actual experimental apparatus in the present embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating the relationship between the transformer interval of the primary-side power supply transformer and the secondary-side output power in the present embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating the relationship between the transformer interval of the primary power supply transformer and the power supply efficiency in the present embodiment.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a modification of FIG.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating a power supply system of a plug-in hybrid vehicle.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a double-sided coil in which a winding is wound around a ferrite core plate.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a double-sided coil in which a winding is wound around an H-shaped core.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram of an equivalent circuit of a coil considering conventional power supply during traveling.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing a coil configuration having the equivalent circuit of FIG.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram showing an analysis result when the coil configuration of FIG. 17 is used.
- FIG. 1 shows a non-contact power feeding system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 (a) is a side view showing primary power supply transformers 1, 2, 3, 4 and a secondary power supply transformer 20 mounted on a vehicle, which are spaced apart from a ground traveling path. .
- Reference numeral 21 indicates a state in which the secondary power supply transformer 20 has moved.
- FIG. 1B shows a plan view thereof.
- Each of the primary-side power transformers 1, 2, 3, 4 and the secondary-side power transformer 20 has a double-sided coil in which a winding 33 is wound around a portion between the magnetic poles 31 and 32 of the H-shaped core.
- the double-sided coil includes an aluminum shield plate 34 for interrupting leakage magnetic flux generated on the opposite side of the surface facing the counterpart coil.
- the primary power supply transformers 1, 2, 3, and 4 are installed on the travel path so that the direction of the line parallel to the magnetic poles 31 and 32 (the x direction in FIG. 15) matches the vehicle traveling direction of the travel path.
- the secondary power supply transformer 20 is mounted on the vehicle so that the same direction coincides with the longitudinal direction of the vehicle. Further, in the primary side feed transformer, when the length of the magnetic poles 31 and 32 is D, the distance between the magnetic pole centers between the adjacent primary side feed transformers does not exceed 3D (therefore, one primary side feed transformer The distance l from the end of the magnetic pole to the end of the magnetic pole of the other primary-side power supply transformer does not exceed 2D) and is spaced apart along the travel path.
- FIG. 2 shows an example of the circuit configuration of this non-contact power feeding system.
- the ground side includes a high-frequency power supply 40 that supplies high-frequency alternating current to the primary-side power supply transformers 1, 2, 3, and 4, and a primary-side series capacitor C1 that is connected in series to the primary-side power supply transformer.
- the transformers 1, 2, 3, and 4 are connected in series to the high frequency power supply 40.
- the high frequency power supply 40 has an AC / DC converter 41 that converts alternating current of the commercial power supply into direct current, and an inverter 42 that generates high frequency alternating current from the converted direct current.
- the vehicle side includes a rectifier circuit 51 that rectifies the alternating current received by the secondary-side power supply transformer 20, a charging circuit 52 that charges the storage element 53 with the rectified current, a secondary-side power supply transformer 20, and a rectifier circuit 51. And a secondary side resonance capacitor C2 connected in parallel.
- the capacitance of the secondary resonance capacitor C2 is set as in (Equation 1) so that a parallel resonance circuit is formed on the secondary side.
- ⁇ 2 ⁇ f
- f power supply frequency
- L2 secondary-side self-inductance.
- the capacity of the primary side series capacitor C1 is set as in (Equation 2) such that the primary side power factor is 1.
- a: turns ratio ( primary turns / secondary turns)
- l0 exciting inductance
- l1 exciting inductance
- l2 exciting inductance.
- the primary side series capacitor C1 is divided into C11, C12, C13, and C14, between the high frequency power supply 40 and the primary side power supply transformer 1, and between the primary side power supply transformer 1 and the primary side power supply transformer. 2, between the primary side power supply transformer 2 and the primary side power supply transformer 3, and between the primary side power supply transformer 3 and the primary side power supply transformer 4, respectively.
- FIG. 4 shows a circuit in which the secondary resonance capacitor C2 on the vehicle side is connected in series between the secondary power supply transformer 20 and the rectifier circuit 51.
- the capacitance of the secondary side resonance capacitor C2 is set as in (Equation 1) so that a series resonance circuit is formed on the secondary side.
- the primary side series capacitor C1 is set as shown in (Equation 3) so that a series resonant circuit is formed on the primary side.
- L1 primary self-inductance.
- the inverter 42 of the high frequency power supply 40 on the primary side is set to a constant voltage.
- the output of the secondary side rectifier circuit 51 becomes a constant current. Therefore, the power storage element 53 can be charged by connecting the rectifier circuit 51 and the power storage element 53 without going through the charging circuit.
- C11, C12, C13, and C14 are divided into C11, C12, C13, and C14 as shown in FIG. 5, and between the high-frequency power source 40 and the primary-side power supply transformer 1, and between the primary-side power supply transformer 1 and the primary side.
- the power supply transformer 2 may be connected in series with each other, between the primary power supply transformer 2 and the primary power supply transformer 3, and between the primary power supply transformer 3 and the primary power supply transformer 4.
- the primary power supply transformers 1, 2, 3, and 4 can be connected to the high-frequency power supply 40 in parallel.
- the primary side series capacitor one primary side series capacitor C1 is connected in series between the high-frequency power supply 40 and each of the primary side feed transformers 1, 2, 3, and 4.
- the primary side series capacitor C1 has a capacity of the primary side power source power factor when the secondary side resonance capacitor C2 is connected in parallel between the secondary side feed transformer 20 and the rectifier circuit 51. Is set as in (Equation 2) so that. Further, as shown in FIG.
- FIG. 8 shows an actual experimental apparatus.
- the primary-side power transformer and the secondary-side power transformer are composed of double-sided coils in which a winding is wound around an H-shaped core having a magnetic pole length of 300 mm and a distance between the magnetic poles of 250 mm. It is arranged.
- FIG. 10 shows a change in the output of the secondary power supply transformer when the interval between the two primary power supply transformers is changed.
- the horizontal axis of FIG. 10 shows the movement position (mm) of the secondary side feed transformer, and the vertical axis shows the output power (W) from the secondary side feed transformer.
- a curve (1) is a curve (2) when a distance between magnetic pole ends of two primary-side power transformers (hereinafter referred to as a transformer interval) is 300 mm
- a curve (2) is a curve (2) when a transformer interval is 350 mm.
- 3) is when the transformer interval is 400 mm
- curve (4) is when the transformer interval is 450 mm
- curve (5) is when the transformer interval is 500 mm
- curve (6) is when the transformer interval is 550 mm
- curve ( 7) shows the case where the transformer interval is 600 mm.
- FIG. 11 shows the power supply efficiency in this case (ratio of input power to the primary-side power supply transformer and output power from the secondary-side power supply transformer).
- the distance between the transformers is twice the magnetic pole length of the primary power supply transformer means that the distance from the center of the magnetic pole of the primary power supply transformer to the center of the magnetic pole of the adjacent primary power supply transformer is the length of the magnetic pole. It means 3 times.
- the distance from the center position of the magnetic pole of the primary power feeding transformer to the center position of the magnetic pole of the adjacent primary power feeding transformer is 3D.
- the distance from the center position of the magnetic pole of the primary power feeding transformer to the center position of the magnetic pole of the adjacent primary power feeding transformer is 3D.
- the non-contact power feeding system of the present invention is easy to install on a traveling path of a moving body and can supply power over a long section to a traveling moving body. It can be widely used for power supply during traveling of various mobile objects such as hybrid vehicles.
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- Current-Collector Devices For Electrically Propelled Vehicles (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
下記特許文献1には、この充電システムの一次側コイル及び二次側コイル間の位置ずれやギャップ変動の許容量を拡大し、且つ、コイルの小型化を図るために、図14に示すように、板状のフェライトコア10の周りに巻線11を巻回した“両側巻コイル”を用いることが記載されている。この両側巻コイルでは、フェライトコア10内を通過する主磁束がコア両端の磁極部を通じて出入する。
また、特許文献2には、位置ずれの許容度について、両方の磁極に直交する線の方向(y方向)よりも、両方の磁極に平行する線の方向(x方向)の方が大きいと記載されている。
下記特許文献3に開示されたシステムでは、交流電源、高周波電力ドライバー、一次コイル、一次自己共振コイル、電力センサ、ECU等を備える給電装置が車両の走路に沿って複数設置され、受電コイルを備える走行中の車両に対して給電が行われる。
また、下記非特許文献1では、こうした個々の給電装置の給電区間を長くするため、図16の等価回路で表される複数の共振器を、図17に示すように、給電装置のソースコイルに続けて配置し、その特性が検討されている。
また、本発明の非接触給電システムでは、複数の一次側給電トランスを、高周波電源に直列に接続することが可能である。
複数の一次側給電トランスを直列接続する場合は、配線が簡単になり、走行路への設置工事が容易である。
一次側直列コンデンサは、二次側共振コンデンサが直列に接続されている場合、一次側回路が直列共振回路を構成するように容量値を設定し、また、二次側共振コンデンサが並列に接続されている場合、一次側電源力率が1となるように容量値を設定する。
この場合、一次側直列コンデンサの分割数がnのとき、分割した各一次側直列コンデンサの容量値をn×C1とし、C1の容量値を、二次側共振コンデンサが直列に接続されている場合には、一次側回路が共振回路を構成するように設定し、二次側共振コンデンサが並列に接続されている場合には、一次側電源力率が1となるように設定する。
並列接続された一次側給電トランスでは、二次側給電トランスに近接する一次側給電トランスに電流が集中するため、移動体に対向しない位置の一次側給電トランスからの漏れ磁束が抑制できる。
一つの一次側直列コンデンサの容量値は、二次側共振コンデンサが直列に接続されている場合には、一次側回路が直列共振回路を構成するように設定し、二次側共振コンデンサが並列に接続されている場合には、一次側電源力率が1となるように設定する。
H字形コアの使用により、一次側給電トランスの小型軽量化を図ることができる。
一次側給電トランス1、2、3、4及び二次側給電トランス20は、共に、H字形コアの磁極31、32間の部分に巻線33が巻回された両側巻コイルを有し、また、両側巻コイルにおいて相手コイルとの対向面の反対側に生じる漏洩磁束を遮断するためのアルミシールド板34を備えている。
また、一次側給電トランスは、磁極31、32の長さをDとするとき、隣接する一次側給電トランス間の磁極中心間の距離が3Dを超えない範囲(従って、一方の一次側給電トランスの磁極の端部から他方の一次側給電トランスの磁極の端部までの間隔lが2Dを超えない範囲)で、走行路に沿って離間して設置される。
地上側は、一次側給電トランス1、2、3、4に高周波交流を供給する高周波電源40と、一次側給電トランスに直列に接続された一次側直列コンデンサC1とを備えており、一次側給電トランス1、2、3、4は、高周波電源40に直列に接続されている。高周波電源40は、商用電源の交流を直流に変換するAC/DCコンバータ41と、変換された直流から高周波交流を生成するインバータ42とを有している。
車両側は、二次側給電トランス20で受電された交流を整流する整流回路51と、整流された電流で蓄電素子53を充電する充電回路52と、二次側給電トランス20と整流回路51との間に並列に接続された二次側共振コンデンサC2とを備えている。
ここで、a:巻数比(=一次巻数/二次巻数)、l0:励磁インダクタンス、l1:励磁インダクタンス、l2:励磁インダクタンス、である。
このように、複数の一次側給電トランス1、2、3、4を直列接続する場合は、配線が簡単であり、走行路への設置工事が容易である。
この場合、C11、C12、C13、C14の容量は、C11=C12=C13=C14=4C1とし、C1を(数2)のように設定する。
また、一次側直列コンデンサC1は、一次側に直列共振回路が形成されるように、(数3)のように設定する。
ここで、L1:一次側自己インダクタンス、である。
このように、一次側に直列コンデンサC1を接続し、二次側に直列共振コンデンサC2を接続する“一次直列二次直列コンデンサ方式”の場合は、一次側の高周波電源40のインバータ42を定電圧で駆動することにより、二次側の整流回路51の出力が定電流になる。そのため、充電回路を介さずに、整流回路51と蓄電素子53とを接続して蓄電素子53を充電することができる。
この場合、C11、C12、C13、C14の容量は、C11=C12=C13=C14=4C1とし、C1を(数3)のように設定する。
一次側直列コンデンサC1の容量は、図6のように、二次側共振コンデンサC2が二次側給電トランス20と整流回路51との間に並列に接続されている場合は、一次側電源力率が1となるように、(数2)のように設定する。また、図7のように、二次側共振コンデンサC2が二次側給電トランス20と整流回路51との間に直列に接続されている場合は、一次側直列コンデンサC1の容量を、一次側に直列共振回路が形成されるように、(数3)のように設定する。
このように、一次側給電トランス1、2、3、4を高周波電源40に並列に接続すると、二次側給電トランス20に近接する一次側給電トランス2に電流が集中するため、車両に対向しない位置の一次側給電トランス1、3、4からの漏れ磁束が抑制できる。
この実験では、図8に示すように、直列接続された複数の一次側給電トランス61、62、63と二次側給電トランス70とが対向する状態で二次側給電トランス70の位置を移動し、一次側給電トランス相互間の間隔を変えたときの二次側出力の変化や効率の変化を測定した。図9は、実際の実験装置を示している。一次側給電トランス及び二次側給電トランスは、磁極の長さが300mm、磁極間の距離が250mmのH字形コアに巻線を巻回した両側巻コイルで構成し、図1と同様の向きに配置している。
図10の横軸は二次側給電トランスの移動位置(mm)を示し、縦軸は二次側給電トランスからの出力電力(W)を示している。同図において曲線(1)は、二つの一次側給電トランスの磁極端部間の距離(以下、トランス間隔と言う。)が300mmの場合、曲線(2)はトランス間隔が350mmの場合、曲線(3)はトランス間隔が400mmの場合、曲線(4)はトランス間隔が450mmの場合、曲線(5)はトランス間隔が500mmの場合、曲線(6)はトランス間隔が550mmの場合、そして、曲線(7)はトランス間隔が600mmの場合を示している。
また、図11は、この場合の給電効率(一次側給電トランスへの入力電力と二次側給電トランスからの出力電力の比)を示している。
なお、ここでは、一次側給電トランス及び二次側給電トランスを構成する両側巻コイルのコアがH字形状である場合について説明したが、図12に示すように、板状のコア10の周りに巻線11を巻回した両側巻コイルを用いても良い。
10 板状コア
11 巻線
12 H字形コアの磁極部
20,21 二次側給電トランス
31,32 磁極
33 巻線
34 アルミシールド板
40 高周波電源
41 AC/DCコンバータ
42 インバータ
51 整流回路
52 充電回路
53 蓄電素子
102 二次側コイル(受電コイル)
202 一次側コイル(送電コイル)
C1 一次側直列コンデンサ
C2 二次側共振コンデンサ
C11、C12、C13、C14 分割された一次側直列コンデンサ
Claims (7)
- 走行中の移動体に地上側から非接触で給電する非接触給電システムであって、
地上側は、
移動体の走行路に沿って設置された複数の一次側給電トランスと、
前記一次側給電トランスに電線を介して高周波交流を供給する高周波電源と、
前記一次側給電トランスに直列に接続された一次側直列コンデンサと、
を備え、
移動体は、
前記一次側給電トランスから非接触で給電される二次側給電トランスと、
前記二次側給電トランスで受電した交流を充電用に整流する整流器と、
前記二次側給電トランスと前記整流器との間に直列または並列に接続された二次側共振コンデンサと、
を備え、
前記一次側給電トランス及び二次側給電トランスは、それぞれ、両端に磁極を有するコアの磁極間の部分に巻線が巻回された両側巻コイルから成り、コア両端の磁極に平行する線の方向が前記移動体の進行方向と一致するように前記走行路または移動体に設置され、
前記一次側給電トランスの前記進行方向における前記磁極の寸法をDとするとき、前記一次側給電トランスの前記磁極の中心位置から隣接する一次側給電トランスの前記磁極の中心位置までの距離が3Dを超えない範囲で、前記複数の一次側給電トランスが、前記走行路に沿って離間して設置されていることを特徴とする非接触給電システム。 - 請求項1に記載の非接触給電システムであって、前記複数の一次側給電トランスが、前記高周波電源に直列に接続されていることを特徴とする非接触給電システム。
- 請求項2に記載の非接触給電システムであって、一つの前記一次側直列コンデンサが、前記高周波電源と、該高周波電源に接続する一つの前記一次側給電トランスとの間に直列に接続されていることを特徴とする非接触給電システム。
- 請求項2に記載の非接触給電システムであって、前記一次側直列コンデンサが、前記高周波電源と該高周波電源に接続する一つの前記一次側給電トランスとの間、及び、隣接する前記一次側給電トランスの間に、それぞれ、直列に接続されていることを特徴とする非接触給電システム。
- 請求項1に記載の非接触給電システムであって、前記複数の一次側給電トランスが、前記高周波電源に並列に接続されていることを特徴とする非接触給電システム。
- 請求項5に記載の非接触給電システムであって、一つの前記一次側直列コンデンサが、前記高周波電源と、該高周波電源に並列接続する各一次側給電トランスとの間に接続されていることを特徴とする非接触給電システム。
- 請求項1に記載の非接触給電システムであって、前記コアが、H字形コアから成ることを特徴とする非接触給電システム。
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| US15/123,013 US10065515B2 (en) | 2014-03-04 | 2014-03-04 | System for wirelessly supplying power during moving |
| EP14884347.7A EP3128643A4 (en) | 2014-03-04 | 2014-03-04 | System for wirelessly supplying power during moving |
| CN201480076751.XA CN106061789A (zh) | 2014-03-04 | 2014-03-04 | 行驶中非接触供电系统 |
| PCT/JP2014/055523 WO2015132890A1 (ja) | 2014-03-04 | 2014-03-04 | 走行中非接触給電システム |
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| US (1) | US10065515B2 (ja) |
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| EP3128643A1 (en) | 2017-02-08 |
| EP3128643A4 (en) | 2018-01-10 |
| US20170158064A1 (en) | 2017-06-08 |
| CN106061789A (zh) | 2016-10-26 |
| US10065515B2 (en) | 2018-09-04 |
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