WO2015141135A1 - 半導体基板の評価方法 - Google Patents
半導体基板の評価方法 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for evaluating a semiconductor substrate.
- the gate length is getting shorter. Since the gate length is shortened, it is necessary to reduce the diffusion depth of the source / drain regions. For example, in the case of a device (transistor) having a gate length of about 30 nm, the diffusion depth of the source / drain portion is about 15 nm, and very shallow diffusion is required.
- ion implantation is used to form such a diffusion layer.
- B + or BF 2 ++ is implanted at a very low acceleration of 0.2 to 0.5 keV.
- the resistance of the ion-implanted atoms cannot be lowered as it is.
- point defects such as interstitial silicon and atomic vacancies are generated in the silicon substrate.
- Examples of the annealing method include annealing using a flash lamp in which a rare gas such as xenon is sealed. This lamp irradiates high energy of several tens of J / cm 2 or more as pulsed light of 0.1 to 100 milliseconds. Therefore, it is possible to activate the impurity distribution formed by ion implantation with almost no change.
- Patent Document 2 in order to form a shallow impurity diffusion region without causing damage in a semiconductor substrate, a substance that becomes an acceptor or a donor with respect to the semiconductor substrate and an acceptor or a donor with respect to the semiconductor substrate are disclosed. It is described that a substance having a substance that does not have to be implanted into a semiconductor substrate.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object thereof is to provide a semiconductor substrate evaluation method capable of evaluating a recovery process of crystal defects.
- the present invention provides a method for evaluating a semiconductor substrate that has been subjected to a defect recovery heat treatment for recovering the crystal defect with respect to a semiconductor substrate having a crystal defect,
- the defect recovery heat treatment is performed by flash lamp annealing, Measuring crystal defects of the semiconductor substrate during recovery by controlling the processing conditions of the flash lamp annealing; and And a step of analyzing the recovery mechanism of the crystal defect based on the result of the measurement.
- Such a semiconductor substrate evaluation method can accurately evaluate the recovery process of crystal defects.
- the defect recovery heat treatment is performed by flash lamp annealing (FLA), and by controlling the processing conditions, the state of the process of crystal defect recovery can be frozen and measured. The behavior can be captured. By grasping the defect behavior, it is possible to evaluate what kind of defect recovery heat treatment is effective in performing precise defect control.
- FLA flash lamp annealing
- the measurement is further performed after recovery of the crystal defects.
- Such a method for evaluating a semiconductor substrate can compare the state of the semiconductor substrate during and after the recovery of crystal defects, so that the recovery process of crystal defects can be evaluated in more detail.
- the flash lamp annealing treatment condition to be changed is a heat treatment time or irradiation energy.
- the defect recovery behavior can be observed in more detail.
- the defect recovery behavior can be observed over time by changing the heat treatment time.
- the crystal defects are preferably ion implantation defects generated by ion implantation into the semiconductor substrate.
- the present invention is particularly suitable for evaluating the recovery process of ion implantation defects such as point defects generated by ion implantation into a semiconductor substrate.
- step of measuring measuring the state before the emission line caused by the crystal defect obtained by the luminescence method disappears at least once, and further measuring the state after the emission line disappears. preferable.
- step of analyzing the recovery mechanism it is analyzed how the crystal defects of the semiconductor substrate disappear under what processing conditions. be able to.
- the luminescence method is preferably a cathodoluminescence method.
- such a method is preferably used when evaluating a silicon semiconductor substrate.
- the analyzing step it is preferable to analyze the recovery mechanism by observing a change in the intensity of the emission line.
- the evaluation method has such an analysis process, the defect recovery behavior can be observed in more detail, so that the recovery mechanism can be analyzed in more detail.
- the semiconductor substrate is preferably a silicon semiconductor substrate.
- the present invention is particularly suitable for evaluating the defect recovery process of a silicon semiconductor substrate having crystal defects.
- the semiconductor substrate evaluation method of the present invention can accurately evaluate the recovery process of crystal defects.
- the defect recovery heat treatment is performed by flash lamp annealing, the recovery of crystal defects can be measured, so that the behavior of crystal defects during the recovery process can be captured.
- the behavior of crystal defects in the recovery process can be captured in more detail. By grasping the defect behavior, it is possible to evaluate what kind of defect recovery heat treatment is effective in performing precise defect control.
- FIG. 2 shows CL spectra obtained as a result of measuring a silicon semiconductor substrate subjected to defect recovery heat treatment by flash lamp annealing and a silicon semiconductor substrate subjected to rapid heating / cooling heat treatment by the CL method.
- the present inventors have found a semiconductor substrate evaluation method in which a semiconductor substrate having crystal defects is subjected to a defect recovery heat treatment for recovering the crystal defects. And
- the defect recovery heat treatment is performed by flash lamp annealing, Measuring crystal defects of the semiconductor substrate during recovery by controlling the processing conditions of the flash lamp annealing; and Based on the result of the measurement, it has been found that a semiconductor substrate evaluation method having a step of analyzing the recovery mechanism of the crystal defects can solve the above-mentioned problems, and the semiconductor substrate evaluation method of the present invention has been completed.
- a silicon semiconductor substrate for example, a P-type silicon wafer doped with a dopant such as boron is prepared.
- an impurity diffusion layer is formed on the wafer surface.
- the impurity diffusion layer can be formed, for example, by ion implantation of a dopant such as boron. By this ion implantation, ion implantation defects such as point defects are formed in the silicon semiconductor substrate.
- defect recovery heat treatment is performed by flash lamp annealing, and the crystal defects of the semiconductor substrate being recovered are measured by controlling the processing conditions of flash lamp annealing. According to the present invention, since the state during the recovery of crystal defects can be measured, the behavior of crystal defects in the recovery process that has not been clarified in the past can be captured.
- Examples of the defect recovery heat treatment method in the present invention include annealing using a flash lamp filled with a rare gas such as xenon, but flash lamp annealing is not limited to this, and high energy is irradiated in a very short time. Anything to do.
- the measurement of crystal defects in the semiconductor substrate during recovery may be performed only once, but the measurement may be performed a plurality of times by performing annealing under the processing conditions of a plurality of flash lamps. By measuring a plurality of times, the behavior of crystal defects can be captured in more detail.
- the measurement is performed after the crystal defects are recovered in the measurement step. This makes it possible to compare the state of the semiconductor substrate after recovery of crystal defects and the state after recovery, so that the recovery process of crystal defects can be evaluated in more detail.
- the measuring step it is preferable to further measure crystal defects of the semiconductor substrate before the defect recovery heat treatment. This makes it possible to compare the state of the semiconductor substrate immediately after the occurrence of the crystal defect, during the recovery of the crystal defect, and after the recovery of the crystal defect, so that the recovery process of the crystal defect can be evaluated in more detail.
- the processing condition of the flash lamp annealing to be changed is a heat treatment time or irradiation energy.
- the defect recovery behavior can be observed in more detail.
- the defect recovery behavior can be observed over time by changing the heat treatment time.
- Examples of the measuring method that can be used in the measuring step include a luminescence method such as a cathodoluminescence (CL) method.
- a luminescence method such as a cathodoluminescence (CL) method.
- the state before the disappearance of the light-emitting lines for example, D1, D2, and D3 lines caused by dislocations obtained by the CL method
- the state before the disappearance of the light-emitting lines is at least once. It is preferable to measure and further measure the state after the emission line disappears. Thereby, in the process of analyzing the recovery mechanism described later, it is possible to analyze how the crystal defects of the semiconductor substrate disappear under what processing conditions.
- the cathodoluminescence method when measuring a silicon semiconductor substrate.
- the stress / strain distribution, defect distribution, and carrier distribution of the sample can be evaluated with high spatial resolution using an electron beam as a probe.
- Cathodoluminescence is light emission in the ultraviolet / visible / near infrared region emitted when a sample is irradiated with an electron beam.
- the light emission mechanism in this CL method differs depending on the material, but in the case of a semiconductor, there are three types: (1) generation of electron / hole pairs, (2) carrier diffusion, and (3) light emission recombination.
- a TO phonon line (TO line) corresponding to a band gap (about 1.1 eV) is strongly observed. This is an interband transition with phonon emission because silicon is an indirect transition semiconductor.
- light emission D1, D2, D3 line, etc.
- a scanning electron microscope As an apparatus, a scanning electron microscope (SEM) is generally used as an electron beam source, and a detector / spectrometer for detecting light emission from a sample is used for this. Further, stage cooling for obtaining light emission intensity by suppressing lattice vibration. It is preferable to use one provided with a mechanism such as.
- the CL method can be compared with an SEM image, an emission spectrum of a wide range of wavelengths can be obtained, high resolution, and deep by changing the acceleration voltage. There is a point that can be analyzed.
- FIG. 1 is a CL spectrum obtained as a result of measuring the silicon semiconductor substrate immediately after ion implantation, during the recovery of crystal defects, and after the recovery of crystal defects by the cathodoluminescence method.
- the vertical axis represents the emission intensity
- the horizontal axis represents the wavelength.
- the defect recovery process can be measured stepwise by changing the heat treatment time of flash lamp annealing.
- the recovery mechanism of crystal defects is analyzed based on the result of the above measurement.
- the behavior of the crystal defects in the recovery process can be captured, and the recovery mechanism can be analyzed.
- the recovery mechanism can be analyzed in more detail in this step by measuring the semiconductor substrate immediately after ion implantation or after recovery of crystal defects.
- the measurement step when a luminescence method such as the cathodoluminescence method is used, it is preferable to analyze the recovery mechanism by observing a change in the intensity of the emission line obtained by the luminescence method. As the defect recovery heat treatment proceeds, the crystal defects are recovered, and accordingly, the intensity of the emission line due to the crystal defects obtained by the luminescence method is also relatively reduced. Therefore, it can be evaluated by observing the intensity of the light emission line under what processing conditions how the crystal defects disappear or whether the crystal defects can be reliably prevented.
- a luminescence method such as the cathodoluminescence method
- the present invention by using flash lamp annealing, it is possible to freeze the state of the defect recovery process and capture defect behavior that has not been seen with conventional annealing techniques. Therefore, it is possible to evaluate what kind of defect recovery heat treatment is effective in performing precise defect control. Furthermore, since the defect recovery process can be measured step by step, the optimum heat treatment time, irradiation energy, and other processing conditions can be examined for each semiconductor substrate used.
- the present invention is suitable for evaluating a recovery process of crystal defects of a semiconductor substrate, in particular, ion implantation defects generated when a junction is formed.
- it is suitable for evaluating a defect recovery process (defect behavior) when a defect recovery heat treatment is performed on a semiconductor substrate into which high-concentration ion implantation has been performed, such as a source / drain, a gate electrode, and WELL. Therefore, the present invention can be applied when manufacturing a semiconductor substrate in which an impurity diffusion layer is formed on the surface.
- Example 1 An N-type silicon wafer having a diameter of 200 mm doped with phosphorus was used as a sample. The resistivity of this silicon wafer is 10 ⁇ ⁇ cm. Boron was ion-implanted into this wafer at 10 keV at 1 ⁇ 10 13 atoms / cm 2 . Next, as shown in FIG. 1, first, a CL spectrum of a wafer immediately after ion implantation was obtained using a cathodoluminescence method. Next, this wafer was subjected to flash lamp annealing using a xenon lamp as a light source at a preheating temperature of 550 ° C.
- FIG. 1 is a CL spectrum showing a crystal defect recovery process by FLA after ion implantation.
- the emission center decreases as the annealing proceeds.
- the crystallinity is disturbed, the CL spectrum (TO line) intensity is weak, and many light emission defects are observed.
- light emission D1 line to D3 line
- characteristic light emission is not observed when annealing is further performed.
- Example 2 Evaluation method using flash lamp annealing
- An N-type silicon wafer having a diameter of 200 mm doped with phosphorus was used as a sample.
- the resistivity of this silicon wafer is 10 ⁇ ⁇ cm.
- the wafer was ion-implanted with boron at 10 keV at 5 ⁇ 10 13 atoms / cm 2 , pre-heated at 550 ° C. and flash lamp annealing using a xenon lamp as a light source (annealing conditions were irradiation energy 22 J / cm 2 , 1.2 Ms, irradiation temperature 1100 ° C.). Thereafter, ion implantation defects were evaluated.
- Example 2 ion implantation defects were first evaluated by observation with a transmission electron microscope (TEM), but no defects were observed in the ion-implanted region by TEM.
- evaluation was performed using cathodoluminescence.
- FIG. 2 shows CL spectra obtained as a result of measuring a silicon semiconductor substrate subjected to defect recovery heat treatment by flash lamp annealing and a silicon semiconductor substrate subjected to rapid heating / cooling heat treatment by the CL method.
- the vertical axis represents the emission intensity
- the horizontal axis represents the wavelength.
- broad characteristic emission was observed in addition to the TO line (corresponding to a peak in the vicinity of 1120 nm in wavelength), but in Comparative Example 1, other than the TO line was not observed.
- the difference in detection sensitivity between the evaluation by TEM observation and the evaluation using CL is considered to be due to the following reason.
- TEM has a small observation area and it is difficult to capture a point defect as an image
- CL uses a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and has a large observation area (especially in the depth direction).
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- Example 2 in which the defect recovery heat treatment was performed by flash lamp annealing, many light emission lines were observed in addition to the TO line. These emission lines show ion implantation defect behavior in the defect recovery process. Thereby, the recovery process of the crystal defect of the semiconductor substrate could be evaluated.
- Example 2 in which the amount of ion implantation is larger than that in Example 1, many light emission defects are observed even under the same conditions (irradiation energy 22 J / cm 2 , 1.2 milliseconds, irradiation temperature 1100 ° C.). Yes. Therefore, from the results of Examples 1 and 2, it was also possible to evaluate that the optimum heat treatment time for achieving crystal defect recovery is different when performing defect recovery heat treatment on semiconductor substrates having different ion implantation amounts. .
- the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment.
- the above-described embodiment is an exemplification, and the present invention has substantially the same configuration as the technical idea described in the claims of the present invention, and any device that exhibits the same function and effect is the present invention. It is included in the technical scope of the invention.
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Abstract
Description
前記欠陥回復熱処理を、フラッシュランプアニールで行い、
前記フラッシュランプアニールの処理条件を制御することによって、回復途中の半導体基板の結晶欠陥を測定する工程と、
該測定の結果に基づいて、前記結晶欠陥の回復メカニズムを解析する工程と
を有することを特徴とする半導体基板の評価方法を提供する。
上記のように、結晶欠陥の回復過程を評価することができる半導体基板の評価方法が求められている。
前記欠陥回復熱処理を、フラッシュランプアニールで行い、
前記フラッシュランプアニールの処理条件を制御することによって、回復途中の半導体基板の結晶欠陥を測定する工程と、
該測定の結果に基づいて、前記結晶欠陥の回復メカニズムを解析する工程と
を有する半導体基板の評価方法が、上記課題を解決できることを見出し、本発明の半導体基板の評価方法を完成させた。
まず、シリコン半導体基板、例えば、ボロン等のドーパントをドープしたP型シリコンウェーハを準備する。次に、このウェーハ表面に不純物拡散層を形成する。不純物拡散層は、例えば、ボロン等のドーパントをイオン注入することによって形成することができる。このイオン注入により点欠陥等のイオン注入欠陥がシリコン半導体基板中に形成される。
次に、欠陥回復熱処理を施した半導体基板の結晶欠陥を測定する。本発明では、欠陥回復熱処理を、フラッシュランプアニールで行い、フラッシュランプアニールの処理条件を制御することによって、回復途中の半導体基板の結晶欠陥を測定する。本発明であれば、結晶欠陥の回復途中の状態を測定することができるので、従来明らかとされていなかった回復過程での結晶欠陥の挙動を捕らえることができる。
次に、上記の測定の結果に基づいて、結晶欠陥の回復メカニズムを解析する。本発明では、上記のように回復途中の半導体基板の結晶欠陥を測定することによって、回復過程での結晶欠陥の挙動を捕らえることができ、回復メカニズムを解析することができる。上述の測定する工程において、更に、イオン注入直後や結晶欠陥の回復後の半導体基板についても測定することによって、本工程でより詳細に回復メカニズムを解析することができる。
本発明は、半導体基板の結晶欠陥、特に、接合を形成する際に発生したイオン注入欠陥の回復過程を評価するのに好適である。特に、ソース/ドレインやゲート電極、WELLなどのように高濃度イオン注入がなされた半導体基板に欠陥回復熱処理を施した際の、欠陥回復過程(欠陥挙動)を評価するのに好適である。従って、本発明は、表面に不純物拡散層を形成する半導体基板を製造する際に適応することができる。
(実施例1)
試料としてリンをドープした直径200mmのN型シリコンウェーハを用いた。このシリコンウェーハの抵抗率は10Ω・cmである。このウェーハにボロンを10keVで1×1013atoms/cm2のイオン注入を行った。次に、図1に示すように、まず、カソードルミネッセンス法を用いてイオン注入直後のウェーハのCLスペクトルを得た。次に、このウェーハに、予備加熱550℃でキセノンランプを光源としたフラッシュランプアニールを施した。この際、二種類の処理条件(照射エネルギー22J/cm2、照射時間0.6ミリ秒、照射温度1100℃及び照射エネルギー22J/cm2、照射時間1.2ミリ秒、照射温度1100℃)でアニールを施した。次に、図1に示すように、二種類の処理条件でアニールを施した後のウェーハのCLスペクトルをそれぞれ得た。
(実施例2:フラッシュランプアニールを用いた評価方法)
試料としてリンをドープした直径200mmのN型シリコンウェーハを用いた。このシリコンウェーハの抵抗率は10Ω・cmである。このウェーハにボロンを10keVで5×1013atoms/cm2のイオン注入を行い、予備加熱550℃でキセノンランプを光源としたフラッシュランプアニール(アニール条件は、照射エネルギー22J/cm2、1.2ミリ秒、照射温度1100℃)を施した。この後、イオン注入欠陥を評価した。
試料としてリンをドープした直径200mmのN型シリコンウェーハを用いた。このシリコンウェーハの抵抗率は10Ω・cmである。このウェーハにボロンを10keVで5×1013atoms/cm2のイオン注入を行い、1000℃/30秒で急速加熱・急速冷却熱処理(RTA処理)を施した。この後、イオン注入欠陥を評価した。
Claims (8)
- 結晶欠陥を有する半導体基板に対して前記結晶欠陥を回復するための欠陥回復熱処理を施した半導体基板の評価方法であって、
前記欠陥回復熱処理を、フラッシュランプアニールで行い、
前記フラッシュランプアニールの処理条件を制御することによって、回復途中の半導体基板の結晶欠陥を測定する工程と、
該測定の結果に基づいて、前記結晶欠陥の回復メカニズムを解析する工程と
を有することを特徴とする半導体基板の評価方法。 - 前記測定する工程において、更に、前記結晶欠陥の回復後も測定することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の半導体基板の評価方法。
- 前記変更するフラッシュランプアニールの処理条件を、熱処理時間又は照射エネルギーとすることを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2に記載の半導体基板の評価方法。
- 前記結晶欠陥を、半導体基板にイオン注入することによって発生したイオン注入欠陥とすることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の半導体基板の評価方法。
- 前記測定する工程において、ルミネッセンス法により得られる前記結晶欠陥に起因する発光線が消失する前の状態を少なくとも一回測定し、更に、前記発光線が消失した後の状態を測定することを特徴とする請求項2から請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の半導体基板の評価方法。
- 前記ルミネッセンス法を、カソードルミネッセンス法とすることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の半導体基板の評価方法。
- 前記解析する工程において、前記発光線の強度の変化を観察することによって回復メカニズムを解析することを特徴とする請求項5又は請求項6に記載の半導体基板の評価方法。
- 前記半導体基板を、シリコン半導体基板とすることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項7のいずれか1項に記載の半導体基板の評価方法。
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| CN201580013050.6A CN106104756B (zh) | 2014-03-17 | 2015-02-23 | 半导体基板的评价方法 |
| EP15764149.9A EP3121837B1 (en) | 2014-03-17 | 2015-02-23 | Semiconductor substrate evaluation method |
| KR1020167023333A KR102188590B1 (ko) | 2014-03-17 | 2015-02-23 | 반도체 기판의 평가 방법 |
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| JP7265314B2 (ja) * | 2017-03-03 | 2023-04-26 | 株式会社Screenホールディングス | 熱処理方法および熱処理装置 |
| US11476167B2 (en) | 2017-03-03 | 2022-10-18 | SCREEN Holdings Co., Ltd. | Heat treatment method and heat treatment apparatus of light irradiation type |
| EP3428725A1 (en) * | 2017-07-13 | 2019-01-16 | ASML Netherlands B.V. | Inspection tool, lithographic apparatus, lithographic system, inspection method and device manufacturing method |
| KR20240039657A (ko) | 2022-09-19 | 2024-03-27 | 삼성디스플레이 주식회사 | 결함 분석 장치 및 이를 이용한 결함 분석 방법 |
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| JP2014241363A (ja) * | 2013-06-12 | 2014-12-25 | ルネサスエレクトロニクス株式会社 | 半導体装置の製造方法 |
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| EP3121837A1 (en) | 2017-01-25 |
| CN106104756A (zh) | 2016-11-09 |
| CN106104756B (zh) | 2019-06-14 |
| JP6083404B2 (ja) | 2017-02-22 |
| JP2015177103A (ja) | 2015-10-05 |
| EP3121837B1 (en) | 2021-12-29 |
| US20160365293A1 (en) | 2016-12-15 |
| KR20160132821A (ko) | 2016-11-21 |
| EP3121837A4 (en) | 2017-11-29 |
| US9748151B2 (en) | 2017-08-29 |
| KR102188590B1 (ko) | 2020-12-08 |
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