WO2015141548A1 - 固定式等速自在継手 - Google Patents
固定式等速自在継手 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015141548A1 WO2015141548A1 PCT/JP2015/057243 JP2015057243W WO2015141548A1 WO 2015141548 A1 WO2015141548 A1 WO 2015141548A1 JP 2015057243 W JP2015057243 W JP 2015057243W WO 2015141548 A1 WO2015141548 A1 WO 2015141548A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- joint member
- ball
- constant velocity
- velocity universal
- joint
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
- F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
- F16D3/20—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
- F16D3/22—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts
- F16D3/223—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts
- F16D3/224—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts the groove centre-lines in each coupling part lying on a sphere
- F16D3/2245—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts the groove centre-lines in each coupling part lying on a sphere where the groove centres are offset from the joint centre
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
- F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
- F16D3/20—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
- F16D3/22—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts
- F16D3/223—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts
- F16D2003/22303—Details of ball cages
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2300/00—Special features for couplings or clutches
- F16D2300/06—Lubrication details not provided for in group F16D13/74
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S464/00—Rotary shafts, gudgeons, housings, and flexible couplings for rotary shafts
- Y10S464/904—Homokinetic coupling
- Y10S464/906—Torque transmitted via radially spaced balls
Definitions
- This invention relates to a fixed type constant velocity universal joint that is used on the drive wheel side of a drive shaft of an automobile and allows only angular displacement.
- a Rzeppa constant velocity universal joint which is a fixed type constant velocity universal joint, mainly includes an outer joint member 2, an inner joint member 3, a ball 4 and a cage 5.
- a plurality of curved track grooves 6 are formed on the spherical inner surface 8 of the outer joint member 2 at equal intervals in the circumferential direction and along the axial direction.
- a plurality of curved track grooves 7 facing the track grooves 6 of the outer joint member 2 are formed on the spherical outer diameter surface 9 of the inner joint member 3 at equal intervals in the circumferential direction and along the axial direction. .
- a plurality of balls 4 for transmitting torque are incorporated one by one between the track groove 6 of the outer joint member 2 and the track groove 7 of the inner joint member 3.
- a cage 5 for holding the ball 4 is disposed between the spherical inner surface 8 of the outer joint member 2 and the spherical outer surface 9 of the inner joint member 3.
- the outer periphery of the outer joint member 2 and the outer periphery of the shaft 12 connected to the inner joint member 3 are covered with a boot 13, and grease is enclosed as a lubricant inside the joint.
- the centers of curvature of the spherical inner surface 8 of the outer joint member 2 and the spherical outer surface 9 of the inner joint member 3 are both formed at the center O of the joint.
- the center of curvature A of the track groove 6 of the outer joint member 2 and the center of curvature B of the track groove 7 of the inner joint member 3 are offset by an equal distance f1 on the opposite side in the axial direction with respect to the center O of the joint. ing.
- the fixed type constant velocity universal joint 1 is an 8-ball type Rzeppa type constant velocity universal joint, which has a smaller track offset amount and a larger number of balls than the conventional 6 ball constant velocity universal joint, and By reducing the diameter, a constant-width universal joint that is lighter, more compact, and has less torque loss is assured of strength, load capacity, and durability equal to or greater than those of a fixed universal joint using six balls. Realized. In order to reduce the heat generated during high-speed rotation and high-speed rotation of such 8-ball type fixed universal joints, those that focus on the pocket clearance of the cage and the spherical clearance between the inner joint member and the cage have been proposed. (Patent Document 1).
- the fixed type constant velocity universal joint described in Patent Document 1 reduces the heat generation at the time of increasing the use angle of the drive shaft and the high speed of the propeller shaft in which the eight ball type fixed type constant velocity universal joint is used. This is an improvement of the internal specifications of the fixed type constant velocity universal joint.
- the fixed type constant velocity universal joint described in Patent Document 1 improves the transmission efficiency and durability of the fixed type constant velocity universal joint used in the drive shaft of the above-mentioned sedan-type passenger car having a relatively low service angle. It is not the one that paid attention to.
- the present invention has been proposed in view of the above-described problems, and its purpose is to ensure strength, load capacity and durability equal to or higher than those of conventional joints (6-ball type fixed constant velocity universal joints).
- Lightweight, compact, low-efficiency, high-efficiency, 8-ball type fixed constant velocity universal joint with fixed constant velocity used for low-usage angle drive shafts without changing the basic form configuration It is to reduce the transmission torque loss of the universal joint and improve the durability.
- the energy loss means the work amount of each contact portion due to the internal force of the constant velocity universal joint in the dynamic analysis described above, and from the analysis result, the energy loss is the transmission efficiency of the measured constant velocity universal joint. Is proportional to the torque loss.
- (2) Contact state inside the joint As the contact state between the cage pocket and the ball in the previous section, the ball is usually assembled into the cage pocket with a tightening margin. The smooth movement between the track grooves of the member is restricted. According to the result of the dynamic analysis in the previous section, by making the clearance between the cage pocket and the ball positive, the torque loss generated between the cage and the ball that has the greatest effect on the torque loss at the low operating angle can be reduced.
- Grease fluidity In terms of the properties of grease, which can be considered as a means of reducing friction in the previous section, grease with greater fluidity than grease with less fluidity is applied to the sliding part inside the constant velocity universal joint. Easy to intervene. In particular, it has been found that the fluidity greatly affects the pocket between the cage and the ball, which is a sliding portion that does not contain the rolling component, as compared with the contact portion having the rolling component between the track groove and the ball. However, a challenge also emerged regarding the fluidity of grease. In other words, the consistency of grease is indicated by the consistency, but this consistency is not a simple choice in practice. It is easy to handle when assembling the joint, preventing leakage from the boot, and fluidity within the joint.
- the present invention includes an outer joint member in which eight curved track grooves extending in the axial direction are formed on the spherical inner surface, and an axial direction on the spherical outer surface.
- Eight torque transmission balls disposed between the inner joint member having eight curved track grooves extending, and the track groove of the outer joint member and the corresponding track groove of the inner joint member.
- a cage having a spherical outer diameter surface and a spherical inner diameter surface that hold the torque transmission ball in a pocket and fit the spherical inner diameter surface of the outer joint member and the spherical inner diameter surface of the inner joint member, respectively.
- the initial pocket clearance between the pocket and the ball is a positive value
- the grease has an initial consistency of consistency No. 1 to No. 2 (mixing consistency of 265 to 340),
- the mixing stability is 390 to 440.
- the initial consistency is No. 1 to No. 2 (concentration of penetration 265 to 340).
- Consistency No. 1 defined in JIS K 2220 Means that the mixing stability is 390 to 440, which means that the mixing stability (10 5 W) specified in JIS K 2220 is 390 to 440.
- the mixing stability (10 5 W) specified in JIS K 2220 is the consistency after the grease is mixed 100,000 times with a specified mixer and kept at 25 ° C., and further mixed 60 times. Therefore, it can be used as an index of consistency during operation of the joint.
- the initial consistency is consistency number 1 to 2 (mixing consistency 265 to 340), workability during assembly of the joint is not impaired.
- the mixing stability is 390 to 440, the consistency is increased during operation (fluidity is increased), and grease is supplied to the gap portion, so that torque loss can be reduced. If the mixing stability is higher than 440, the grease tends to leak from the boot, which is not preferable.
- OUTER / PCD SERR is preferably in the range of 2.5 ⁇ r2 ⁇ 3.5.
- the initial pocket clearance is 0 to 20 ⁇ m. This reduces the torque loss of the fixed type constant velocity universal joint used in the drive shaft of the low service angle, combined with the characteristics of the enclosed grease, and strikes between the pocket and the ball at the high operating angle. Sound and joint vibration can be prevented.
- the above grease preferably contains 70% by mass or more of paraffinic mineral oil with respect to the total mass of the lubricating oil component contained as the base oil.
- paraffinic mineral oil is advantageous in terms of cost, and when subjected to shear due to movement inside the joint, the fluidity is rapidly improved and torque loss can be reduced.
- the above grease thickener is a urea compound, it has excellent heat resistance and intervention, and can suppress wear of the cage pocket.
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a ball and a track groove in FIG. 2.
- FIG. 2 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the retainer of the fixed type constant velocity universal joint of FIG.
- It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the state which the fixed type constant velocity universal joint of FIG. 1 took the high operating angle.
- It is a top view which shows the outline
- FIGS. 1 is a partial longitudinal sectional view of a fixed type constant velocity universal joint according to the present embodiment
- FIG. 2 is a transverse sectional view taken along the line PP in FIG. 1
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a ball and a track groove.
- FIG. 4 is a transverse sectional view
- FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of the cage
- FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a state where the fixed type constant velocity universal joint takes a high operating angle.
- the fixed type constant velocity universal joint 1 of this embodiment is a Rzeppa type constant velocity universal joint, and as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the outer joint member 2, the inner joint member 3, the ball 4 and the cage 5 are mainly used.
- the configuration is as follows. Eight curved track grooves 6 are formed on the spherical inner surface 8 of the outer joint member 2 at equal intervals in the circumferential direction and along the axial direction. Eight curved track grooves 7 facing the track grooves 6 of the outer joint member 2 are formed on the spherical outer diameter surface 9 of the inner joint member 3 at equal intervals in the circumferential direction and along the axial direction. Yes.
- Eight balls 4 for transmitting torque are incorporated one by one between the track groove 6 of the outer joint member 2 and the track groove 7 of the inner joint member 3.
- a cage 5 for holding the ball 4 is disposed between the spherical inner surface 8 of the outer joint member 2 and the spherical outer surface 9 of the inner joint member 3.
- the spherical outer diameter surface 10 of the cage 5 is fitted with the spherical inner diameter surface 8 of the outer joint member 2, and the spherical inner diameter surface 11 of the cage 5 is fitted with the spherical outer diameter surface 9 of the inner joint member 3.
- the centers of curvature of the spherical inner surface 8 of the outer joint member 2 and the spherical outer surface 9 of the inner joint member 3 are respectively formed at the center O of the joint.
- the center of curvature A of the curved track groove 6 of the outer joint member 2 and the center of curvature B of the curved track groove 7 of the inner joint member 3 are opposite to the center O of the joint in the axial direction. Is offset by the same distance f1.
- a female spline (spline includes serration; the same applies hereinafter) 16 is formed in the inner diameter hole 17 of the inner joint member 3, and a male spline 19 formed at the end of the intermediate shaft 12 is fitted to the female spline 16. , And are connected so that torque can be transmitted.
- the inner joint member 3 and the intermediate shaft 12 are positioned in the axial direction by a retaining ring 18.
- the boot 13 is mounted on the outer periphery of the outer joint member 2 and the outer periphery of the shaft 12 connected to the inner joint member 3, and both ends of the boot 13 are fastened and fixed by boot bands 14 and 15.
- Grease G as a lubricant is sealed inside the joint covered with the boot 13.
- a stem portion 20 is integrally formed at the bottom of the mouth portion 2a of the outer joint member 2, and a male spline 21 and a screw portion 22 that are fitted to a hub wheel (not shown) to which a drive wheel is attached are formed on the stem portion 20. Has been.
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the ball and track groove of FIG.
- the ball 4 is in angular contact with the track groove 6 of the outer joint member 2 at two points C12 and C13, and is in angular contact with the track groove 7 of the inner joint member 3 at two points C15 and C16.
- the angle (contact angle ⁇ ) formed by a straight line passing through the ball center O5 and the contact points C12, C13, C15, C16 and a straight line passing through the ball center O5 and the joint center O is preferably set to 30 ° or more.
- the length of the line segment connecting the center of curvature A of the track groove 6 of the outer joint member 2 and the center O5 of the ball 4, and the length of the line segment connecting the center of curvature B of the track groove 7 of the inner joint member 3 and the center O5 of the ball 4 are respectively PCR, and both are equal.
- FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of the cage.
- the cage 5 is provided with eight pockets 5a in the circumferential direction.
- the surface facing the axial direction of the pocket 5a is the surface that holds the ball 4, and the axial dimension between these surfaces is H.
- the initial pocket clearance ⁇ with respect to the diameter (D BALL ) of the ball 4 indicated by a two-dot chain line is expressed by the following equation.
- Initial pocket clearance ⁇ Axial dimension of cage pocket H-Ball diameter (D BALL )
- the initial pocket clearance ⁇ is set to a positive value, preferably 0 to 20 ⁇ m.
- the range of the initial pocket clearance ⁇ was confirmed by experiments in consideration of actual vehicle conditions. Combined with the characteristics of the encapsulated grease described below, it reduces torque loss of fixed constant velocity universal joints that are used at low operating angles for drive shafts of sedan passenger cars that place emphasis on comfortability, and at high operating angles. The hitting sound and the joint vibration between the pocket and the ball can be suppressed.
- the sliding in the radial direction within the pocket 5a of the ball 4 is caused by the track offset amount f1 (see FIG. 1).
- the track offset amount f1 is provided, the track grooves 6 and 7 of the outer joint member 2 and the inner joint member 3 are formed so that the groove depth is deeper on the opening side and shallower toward the back side.
- L1 shown in FIG. 5 is a locus of contact points C12 and C13 (see FIG. 3) between the track groove 6 of the outer joint member 2 and the ball 4, and L2 is a contact point C15 of the track groove 7 of the inner joint member 2 and the ball 4. , C16 (see FIG. 3).
- the sliding in the radial direction and the circumferential direction within the pocket 5a (see FIG. 4) of the ball 4 described above does not include any rolling component.
- the sliding portion that does not include a rolling component is less likely to intervene with grease and has a greater influence on fluidity than a contact portion having a rolling component between the track groove and the ball.
- the operating angle is the operating angle that occurs in the fixed constant velocity universal joint of the front drive shaft when the steering is straight in a car with two passengers on a horizontal and flat road surface.
- the service angle is usually determined between about 2 ° and 15 ° according to the design conditions for each vehicle type.
- Automobiles are broadly classified into sedan passenger cars and SUVs (sports multipurpose vehicles).
- a sedan passenger car usually has a working angle of about 3 ° to 6 °.
- the SUV is a vehicle with a high vehicle height including a van and a pickup truck, and usually has a common angle of about 6 ° to 12 °.
- a service angle of 8 ° or more is called a high service angle, and a range of 3 ° to 6 ° is called a low service angle.
- a sedan passenger car equipped with a low common angle drive shaft has a particularly severe demand for NVH characteristics.
- Excessive play (positive clearance) between the cage pocket and the ball may cause unfavorable effects on the joint performance, such as hitting noise between the pocket and the ball or increasing joint vibration.
- This influence is an important issue especially for a drive shaft of a sedan-based passenger car that emphasizes comfort. Because of this situation, it is necessary to deal with the problem of whether the correct clearance between the cage pocket and the ball is satisfied in terms of the actual vehicle condition, and only with the internal specification that the clearance between the pocket and the ball is correct. It was concluded that the demand for sedan passenger cars could not be reached.
- the initial consistency is the level that is normally used, but during operation, the consistency is increased, ⁇ Handling at assembly '' and ⁇ Sliding part
- the present inventors have arrived at a new idea of using a grease that achieves both “the ability to supply grease”.
- the grease G has an initial consistency of consistency Nos. 1 and 2 (admixture consistency of 265 to 340) and a mixing stability of 390 to 440. Since the initial consistency is consistency number 1 to 2 (mixing consistency 265 to 340), workability during assembly of the joint is not impaired. Further, since the mixing stability is 390 to 440, the consistency is increased during operation, and grease is supplied to the gap portion, so that torque loss can be reduced. As described above, by adopting the grease G having the above properties, it is possible to achieve both “handling property during assembly” and “grease supply property to the sliding portion”. As a result, it is possible to achieve a reduction in torque loss and an improvement in durability that are required for a fixed type constant velocity universal joint that is used at a low service angle for a drive shaft of a sedan passenger car.
- the operating angle generated in the fixed type constant velocity universal joint is larger than the normal angle, but in the fixed type constant velocity universal joint 1 of the present embodiment, Since it is rarely used at large operating angles such as curved roads and intersections, joint efficiency can be improved comprehensively by improving joint efficiency (reducing torque loss) within the normal angle range. .
- the composition of grease G is a base oil, a thickener and an additive.
- the base oil contains paraffinic mineral oil, and is preferably 70% by mass or more based on the total mass of the lubricating oil component contained as the base oil. It is mainly composed of paraffinic mineral oil in terms of cost. When paraffinic mineral oil is sheared by movement inside the joint, the fluidity is rapidly improved and torque loss can be reduced.
- the thickener is preferably a urea compound.
- the urea compound include a diurea compound and a polyurea compound.
- a diurea compound is obtained by reaction of diisocyanate and a monoamine, for example.
- Diisocyanates include phenylene diisocyanate, diphenylmethane diisocyanate, octadecane diisocyanate, decane diisocyanate, hexane diisocyanate, and monoamines include octylamine, dodecylamine, hexadecylamine, stearylamine, oleylamine, aniline, p-toluidine, cyclohexylamine. Etc.
- Preferred diurea compounds for use in the present application are those represented by the following formula: R 1 NH—CO—HH—C 6 H 4 —P—CH 2 —C 6 H 4 —P—NH—CO—NHR 2 (Wherein R 1 and R 2 are aliphatic hydrocarbon groups having 8 to 20 carbon atoms. R 1 and R 2 may be the same or different)
- the polyurea compound can be obtained, for example, by reacting diisocyanate with a monoamine or diamine. Examples of the diisocyanate and monoamine include those similar to those used for the production of the diurea compound.
- diamine examples include ethylenediamine, propanediamine, butanediamine, hexanediamine, octanediamine, phenylenediamine, tolylenediamine, xylenediamine, And diaminodiphenylmethane.
- diurea compounds having excellent heat resistance and intervention are desirable as thickeners.
- Table 1 shows the composition of grease sealed in the fixed type constant velocity universal joints of the examples and comparative examples.
- Table 1 shows the composition of grease sealed in the fixed type constant velocity universal joints of the examples and comparative examples.
- each example and comparative example are shown in the upper column of the grease composition, but each example and comparative example means a fixed type constant velocity universal joint in which each grease is sealed. That is, all are 8-ball type Zepper type fixed constant velocity universal joints having a pocket clearance ⁇ of 0 to 20 ⁇ m whose structure has been described in the embodiment.
- EBJ82M manufactured by NTN was used as the Zepper type fixed constant velocity universal joint of FIG.
- molybdenum dithiocarbamate MoDTC
- molybdenum dithiophosphate MoDTP
- zinc dithiocarbamate ZnDTC
- zinc dithiophosphate ZnDTP
- Other extreme pressure additives and the like have been added, but the details are omitted.
- Each Example and Comparative Example has the composition shown in the left column of Table 1.
- the numerical value in the column of base oil in the table for each example and comparative example indicates the content of the lubricating component contained as the base oil with respect to the total mass in mass%.
- As the paraffinic mineral oil in the table one having a kinematic viscosity of 11 mm 2 / s (100 ° C.) and a viscosity index of 98 was used.
- the result notation of the evaluation items in Table 1 is as follows. ⁇ : Excellent, ⁇ : Practical, ⁇ : Slightly inferior, ⁇ : Inferior
- the evaluation method for assembling is as follows.
- the intermediate shaft 12 (see FIG. 1) on which the boot 13 before assembly is mounted is set horizontally in an automatic drive shaft assembly apparatus, and a grease-filled nozzle is inserted into the boot 13 to Grease the small diameter side.
- the evaluation was made based on the presence or absence of grease dripping when the nozzle was extracted and the presence or absence of the flow-out due to the inclination of the boot 13 from the small diameter side to the large diameter side.
- Example 3 in which the initial consistency is near the lower limit of the range of the consistency number 1 and Comparative Example 3 in which the initial consistency is near the upper limit of the consistency number 2 are assembling aspects. It was excellent.
- Example 1 in which the initial consistency is close to the intermediate value in the range of the consistency number 1 No. 1 was satisfactory in terms of assembly and practically no problem.
- Example 1 As shown in Table 1, it was found that Example 1, Example 2 and Example 3 all had low torque loss and excellent transmission efficiency, and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 had high torque loss and poor transmission efficiency. .
- the mixing stability is in the range of 390 to 440. Therefore, it is considered that the consistency increases when the joint is operated, grease is supplied to the clearance, and torque loss can be reduced. If the mixing stability is higher than 440, the grease tends to leak from the boot, which is not preferable.
- Comparative Example 3 uses lithium soap as a thickener, so the durability is inferior, but Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 use diurea as a thickener. Therefore, it was confirmed that it has sufficient durability for practical use.
- the pocket clearance in the range of 0 to 20 ⁇ m which achieved the required level of sedan passenger cars through test evaluation, also satisfied the pocket processing capability.
- the present invention that can be used industrially was completed.
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Abstract
Description
(1)エネルギー損失の動的解析
まず、8個ボールタイプの固定式等速自在継手のトルク伝達時に、エネルギー損失がどこの接触部位で発生しているかについて摩擦を考慮した動的解析により検証した。この解析の結果、図7に示すように、エネルギー損失は、低作動角においては、保持器のポケットとボール間の接触部によるものが一番大きく、次に外側継手部材のトラック溝とボール間の接触部や内外継手部材と保持器の球面間の接触部、そして、内側継手部材のトラック溝とボール間の接触部であることが判明した。この解析結果より、保持器のポケットとボール間の接触部の究明に重点をおくことにした。ここで、エネルギー損失とは、上記の動的解析において等速自在継手の内部力よる各接触部位の仕事量を意味し、解析結果より、エネルギー損失は、計測した等速自在継手の伝達効率としてのトルク損失と比例関係にある。
(2)継手内部の接触状態
前項の保持器のポケットとボール間の接触状態として、ボールは、通常、締め代をもって保持器のポケットに組込まれるため、ボールと、保持器のポケット間や内外継手部材のトラック溝間の円滑な動きを規制する。前項の動的解析の結果により、保持器のポケットとボール間を正すきまにすることで、低作動角時のトルク損失に最も大きく影響する保持器とボール間で発生するトルク損失が低減でき、また、ボールと内外継手部材のトラック溝間のトルク損失も低減できる可能性に注目した。
(3)セダン系乗用車の居住性
一方で考慮すべきことは、低常用角のドライブシャフトを備えたセダン系乗用車は、居住性を重視するためNVH(Noise,Vibration,Harshness、以下同じ)特性への要求が特に厳しいということである。具体的には、保持器のポケットとボールとの遊び(正すきま)が過大となると、ポケットとボールとの間で打音(異音)が発生したり、継手振動を増大したりするなど、継手性能に好ましくない影響が生じる。この影響は、特に、居住性を重視するセダン系乗用車のドライブシャフトでは重要な課題である。このような状況のため、保持器のポケットとボール間の正すきまが実車の条件面で成立するのかどうかという難題に対処が必要なことと、ポケットとボール間を正すきまとする内部仕様だけでは、セダン系乗用車の要求に対して到達できないという結論に至った。
(4)新規な着目
そこで、セダン系乗用車のNVH特性の確保を不可欠の条件として、保持器のポケットとボール間を正すきまにすることによる継手の内部仕様の側面よりトルク損失の低減を図ることに加えて、保持器のポケットとボール間の摩擦を低減することにより、さらに、トルク損失の低減効果を増幅させることができないかということに着目した。
(5)グリースの流動性
前項の摩擦を低減する手段として考えられるグリースの性状面では、流動性の小さいグリースと比較して流動性の大きいグリースは、等速自在継手の内部の摺動部に介入しやすい。特に、トラック溝とボール間の転がり成分をもつ接触部位と比較して、転がり成分を含まない摺動部となる保持器のポケットとボール間には、流動性が大きく影響することが判明した。ところが、グリースの流動性についても難題が浮上した。すなわち、グリースの流動性は、ちょう度が指標とされるが、このちょう度は実際面では単純に選定できるものではなく、継手組立時のハンドリング性、ブーツから漏れ防止、継手内での流動性(摺動部位へのグリース供給性)等を多面的に勘案する必要があるという問題である。
(6)グリースの性状面の新規な着想
以上の検討や検証を基に種々思考した結果、グリースの性状面では、初期ちょう度は通常用いるレベルであるが、運転時には、ちょう度が大きくなる「組立時のハンドリング性」と「摺動部へのグリース供給性」を両立させるグリースを用いるという新規な着想にたどり着いた。
初期ポケットすきまδ=保持器のポケットの軸方向寸法H-ボールの直径(DBALL)
本願での使用に望ましいジウレア化合物は、次式で表されるものである。
R1NH-CO-HH-C6H4-P-CH2-C6H4-P-NH-CO-NHR2
(式中、R1,R2:炭素数8~20の脂肪族の炭化水素基。R1とR2は同一でも異なっても良い)
ポリウレア化合物は、例えば、ジイソアネートとモノアミン、ジアミンとの反応で得られる。ジイソシアネート、モノアミンとしては、ジウレア化合物の生成に用いられるものと同様のものが挙げられ、ジアミンとしては、エチレンジアミン、プロパンジアミン、ブタンジアミン、ヘキサンジアミン、オクタンジアミン、フェニレンジアミン、トリレンジアミン、キシレンジアミン、ジアミノジフェニルメタン等が挙げられる。
表中のパラフィン系鉱物油は、動粘度11mm2/s(100℃)粘度指数98のものを使用した。
表1中の評価項目の結果表記は次のとおりである。
◎:優れる、○:実用可能、△:やや劣る、×:劣る
組立性の評価方法は、ドライブシャフトの自動組立装置に、組立前のブーツ13を装着した中間シャフト12(図1参照)を水平にセットし、グリース封入ノズルをブーツ13内に挿入しブーツ13の小径側に向けてグリースを封入する。その後、ノズルを抜き取るときのグリースの垂れの有無およびブーツ13の小径側から大径側への傾斜による流れ出しの有無により評価した。
トルク損失の評価方法は、作動角をとった状態で、固定式等速自在継手にトルクを入力して回転させ、入力側軸と出力側軸のトルク差をトルクメータにより検出した。実車での使用条件を考慮して、次の試験条件とした。
(試験条件)
・作動角:常用角である3°および6°
・回転数:200min-1、400min-1、600min-1
・トルク:200Nm
耐久性の評価方法は、NTNの標準耐久試験(高負荷耐久試験、低負荷耐久試験、高角揺動耐久試験)により行った。
次に、初期ポケットすきまδが正の値における異音の発生の有無を評価試験した。試験を行った固定式等速自在継手は、前述した実施例1のものをベースにし、その保持器の初期ポケットすきまδを変えた試料を製作した。試験装置の概要を図6に示す。トルクが大きく、回転数が高いと異音は大きくなる傾向であるが、実車での使用条件を考慮して、次の試験条件とした。
(試験条件)
・作動角:40°
・回転数:150min-1、200min-1、300min-1
・トルク:147Nm、200Nm
上記の試験条件のトルクと回転数を組合わせて試験を行った。図6に示すように、異音を集音マイクで拾って騒音計により計測する。測定結果を表2に示す。
表2中の評価項目の結果表記は次のとおりである。
◎:異音なし、○:至近距離(試料から0.15m)でのみ異音感知、△:0.5mの距離で異音感知、×:1mの距離で異音感知
2 外側継手部材
3 内側継手部材
4 トルク伝達ボール
5 保持器
5a ポケット
6 トラック溝
7 トラック溝
8 球状内径面
9 球状外径面
10 球状外径面
11 球状内径面
12 中間シャフト
13 ブーツ
A 曲率中心
B 曲率中心
DBALL ボールの直径
DOUTER 外側継手部材の外径
G グリース
H ポケットの軸方向寸法
O 継手中心
O5 ボール中心
PCDSERR 雌スプラインのピッチ円直径
f1 オフセット量
Claims (5)
- 球状内径面に軸方向に延びる8本の曲線状のトラック溝が形成された外側継手部材と、球状外径面に軸方向に延びる8本の曲線状のトラック溝が形成された内側継手部材と、前記外側継手部材のトラック溝とこれに対応する前記内側継手部材のトラック溝との間に配された8個のトルク伝達ボールと、このトルク伝達ボールをポケットに保持すると共に前記外側継手部材の球状内径面と前記内側継手部材の球状内径面にそれぞれ嵌合する球状外径面と球状内径面を有する保持器を備え、前記外側継手部材のトラック溝の曲率中心と前記内側継手部材のトラック溝の曲率中心が継手中心に対して軸方向反対側に等距離オフセットされており、継手内部にグリースが封入された固定式等速自在継手において、
前記ポケットとボールとの間の初期ポケットすきまを正の値とし、
前記グリースは、初期ちょう度がちょう度番号1号~2号であると共に、混和安定度が390~440であることを特徴とする固定式等速自在継手。 - 前記トルク伝達ボールのピッチ円直径(PCDBALL)とボール直径(DBALL)との比r1(=PCDBALL/DBALL)が3.3≦r1≦5.0の範囲にあり、前記外側継手部材の外径(DOUTER)と前記内側継手部材の嵌合部の歯型のピッチ円直径(PCDSERR)との比r2(=DOUTER/PCDSERR)が2.5≦r2<3.5の範囲内にあることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の固定式等速自在継手。
- 前記初期ポケットすきまを0~20μmとしたことを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2に記載の固定式等速自在継手。
- 前記グリースは、基油として含まれる潤滑油成分の全質量に対して、パラフィン系鉱物油を70質量%以上含有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の固定式等速自在継手。
- 前記グリースの増ちょう剤をウレア化合物としたことを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項4に記載の固定式等速自在継手。
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201580014221.7A CN106104039B (zh) | 2014-03-17 | 2015-03-12 | 固定式等速万向联轴器 |
| EP15766020.0A EP3121470A4 (en) | 2014-03-17 | 2015-03-12 | Stationary constant velocity universal joint |
| US15/124,934 US10309464B2 (en) | 2014-03-17 | 2015-03-12 | Fixed constant velocity universal joint |
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| JP2014-053727 | 2014-03-17 |
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| PCT/JP2015/057243 Ceased WO2015141548A1 (ja) | 2014-03-17 | 2015-03-12 | 固定式等速自在継手 |
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| US (1) | US10309464B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP3121470A4 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP6328452B2 (ja) |
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| US11835096B2 (en) * | 2018-04-24 | 2023-12-05 | Ntn Corporation | Plunging type constant velocity universal joint for propeller shaft |
| JP2023144584A (ja) | 2022-03-28 | 2023-10-11 | Ntn株式会社 | 固定式等速自在継手 |
| US20240196794A1 (en) * | 2022-12-14 | 2024-06-20 | Cnh Industrial America Llc | Work vehicle with flexible power take-off shield |
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| JP2006258207A (ja) * | 2005-03-17 | 2006-09-28 | Ntn Corp | 固定式等速自在継手 |
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| JP2013032813A (ja) * | 2011-08-02 | 2013-02-14 | Ntn Corp | 等速自在継手 |
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| DE69636726T2 (de) | 1995-12-26 | 2008-02-21 | Ntn Corp. | Gleichlaufgelenke |
| JP2000240673A (ja) | 1999-02-23 | 2000-09-05 | Ntn Corp | プロペラシャフト用等速自在継手、及びプロペラシャフト |
| US6506122B2 (en) * | 2000-05-19 | 2003-01-14 | Ntn Corporation | Constant velocity universal joint |
| JP2002013544A (ja) | 2000-06-27 | 2002-01-18 | Ntn Corp | 等速自在継手 |
| US20050152628A1 (en) | 2004-01-14 | 2005-07-14 | Masaki Egami | Rolling bearing for use in vehicle |
| JP2006199761A (ja) | 2005-01-18 | 2006-08-03 | Ntn Corp | 等速ジョイント用グリースおよび等速ジョイント |
| EP2045479A4 (en) * | 2006-06-30 | 2010-12-15 | Ntn Toyo Bearing Co Ltd | UNIVERSAL JOINT AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
| WO2008099678A1 (ja) * | 2007-02-14 | 2008-08-21 | Ntn Corporation | 固定式等速自在継手 |
| JP5399203B2 (ja) | 2009-10-22 | 2014-01-29 | Ntn株式会社 | 固定型等速自在継手 |
| JP6292569B2 (ja) * | 2013-12-04 | 2018-03-14 | 協同油脂株式会社 | 等速ジョイント用グリース組成物及びそのグリース組成物を封入した等速ジョイント |
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2014
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2015
- 2015-03-12 WO PCT/JP2015/057243 patent/WO2015141548A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2015-03-12 EP EP15766020.0A patent/EP3121470A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2015-03-12 US US15/124,934 patent/US10309464B2/en active Active
- 2015-03-12 CN CN201580014221.7A patent/CN106104039B/zh active Active
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3859264B2 (ja) * | 1996-05-28 | 2006-12-20 | Ntn株式会社 | 自動車用固定型等速自在継手 |
| JP2006029346A (ja) * | 2004-07-12 | 2006-02-02 | Ntn Corp | 転がり軸受 |
| JP2006258207A (ja) * | 2005-03-17 | 2006-09-28 | Ntn Corp | 固定式等速自在継手 |
| JP2006321449A (ja) * | 2005-05-20 | 2006-11-30 | Nsk Ltd | 車両用ステアリング伸縮軸 |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN106104039B (zh) | 2020-02-21 |
| US20170023069A1 (en) | 2017-01-26 |
| US10309464B2 (en) | 2019-06-04 |
| EP3121470A4 (en) | 2017-11-29 |
| CN106104039A (zh) | 2016-11-09 |
| JP6328452B2 (ja) | 2018-05-23 |
| EP3121470A1 (en) | 2017-01-25 |
| JP2015175475A (ja) | 2015-10-05 |
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