WO2015149477A1 - 一种实现透明多用户多输入多输出传输的方法及装置 - Google Patents

一种实现透明多用户多输入多输出传输的方法及装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015149477A1
WO2015149477A1 PCT/CN2014/085575 CN2014085575W WO2015149477A1 WO 2015149477 A1 WO2015149477 A1 WO 2015149477A1 CN 2014085575 W CN2014085575 W CN 2014085575W WO 2015149477 A1 WO2015149477 A1 WO 2015149477A1
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power
paired
beamforming
data
channel estimation
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French (fr)
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袁文翀
任大孟
吴凤娟
李�杰
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ZTE Corp
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ZTE Corp
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Priority to EP14888383.8A priority Critical patent/EP3128680B1/en
Priority to US15/300,811 priority patent/US9948369B2/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413MIMO systems
    • H04B7/0452Multi-user MIMO systems
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0617Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00Power management, e.g. Transmission Power Control [TPC] or power classes
    • H04W52/04Transmission power control [TPC]
    • H04W52/30Transmission power control [TPC] using constraints in the total amount of available transmission power
    • H04W52/32TPC of broadcast or control channels
    • H04W52/325Power control of control or pilot channels

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) technology, and in particular, to a method and apparatus for implementing transparent MU-MIMO transmission.
  • MU-MIMO multi-user multiple-input multiple-output
  • MIMO Multiple-input multiple-output
  • Bell Labs in the United States at the end of the last century.
  • multiple antennas are used at both the transmitting end and the receiving end. (or array antenna) and multiple channels to effectively suppress channel fading.
  • the multi-antenna communication system using MIMO can double the system capacity, improve the channel reliability, and reduce the bit error rate.
  • SU-MIMO single-user multiple input and output
  • MU-MIMO means that multiple UEs occupy the same time-frequency resource.
  • the number of transmittable data streams in a MIMO system does not exceed the rank of the channel estimation matrix. Therefore, the number of UEs in the MU-MIMO system (that is, the number of pairs of UEs) depends on the number of antennas on the base station side. The total number of all UE antennas should be less than or equal to the base station. The number of antennas on the side. They all use precoding to eliminate Common Channel Interference (CCI) between channels, which saves spectrum resources and greatly improves system throughput.
  • CCI Common Channel Interference
  • MIMO technology is a technology mainly used in the physical layer of the Long Term Evolution (LTE) system.
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • the current LTE system mainly uses the 8 antenna ports on the base station side, and the physical downlink
  • the traffic channel of the shared channel (PDSCH, Physical Downlink Shared Channel) supports two codewords and is mapped to a maximum supported 8 data stream transmission scenario.
  • the general structure of the downlink physical channel is shown in Figure 2.
  • the codewords (up to two) sent by the upper MAC layer of the physical layer respectively generate complex modulation symbols after the scrambling and modulation process, and then pass each codeword.
  • the generated complex modulation symbols are layer mapped through a mappable antenna port to generate a multi-layer data stream; then each layer of the data stream in the multi-layer data stream is then subjected to precoding and resource mapping; finally, a positive is generated on each antenna port.
  • the OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) signal is mapped to the corresponding antenna port.
  • the number of codewords when the LTE system performs MU-MIMO, the number of UEs that can be paired is 2.
  • the LTE system began to introduce the multi-layer data stream in the space division multiplexing technology on the PDSCH service channel.
  • the MU-MIMO format can be supported, and the downlink control information (DCI, Downlink Control Information) For DCI format 1D.
  • DCI Downlink Control Information
  • LTE defines transmission mode 7 (single-flow beamforming) and transmission mode 8 (multi-stream beamforming) in its R9 version, which are based on beamforming in Time Division Duplexing (TDD) mode.
  • the transmission mode uses the Demodulation Pilot Signal (DM S, DeModulation Reference Signal) to estimate the channel, and then demodulates the data by equalization.
  • DM S Demodulation Pilot Signal
  • the DCIs are DCI format 2A and DCI format ID or 2B, respectively.
  • MU-MIMO becomes more flexible in the system, and multiple UEs can identify their own channels through different DMRS sequences, thereby accurately performing channel estimation.
  • the LTE system defines a new transport mode, and proposes more DMRS ports (up to eight DMRS ports) so that a single UE can identify up to eight layers of data streams. Its DCI is DCI format 2C.
  • the transmission mode 8 can only support a maximum of two UEs and each paired UE is a MU-MIMO scenario of a single layer data stream, and the transmission mode 9 can only support a single UE up to 8
  • the number of DMRS ports increases accordingly, and the number of corresponding data resource particles (RE, Resource Element) decreases.
  • each cell only supports simultaneous data transmission for two UEs in the same time-frequency resource, that is, only two paired UEs are supported, and cannot be changed without changing any receiving process. Pairing of at least two UEs is performed.
  • the embodiments of the present invention are directed to a method and apparatus for implementing transparent MU-MIMO transmission, which can perform pairing of at least two UEs without changing any receiving process.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for implementing transparent MU-MIMO transmission, where the method includes: pairing at least two UEs according to a channel estimation matrix of a user terminal UE, and configuring a demodulation pilot signal DMRS of each paired UE. Power, configuring the power of the data DATA of each paired UE; jointly generating a beamforming weight according to the channel estimation matrix of each paired UE, and according to the power of the DMRS, the power of the DATA, and the beam shaping right The value is beamformed to generate a signal to be transmitted.
  • the configuring the power of the DMRS of each paired UE includes: determining the total power of each RE occupied by the DMRS according to the power of each resource particle RE occupied by the cell pilot CRS, and further reconfiguring according to the pilot The factor determines the power of the DMRS allocated by each paired UE.
  • the configuring the power of the DATA of each paired UE includes: determining, according to the power of each resource particle RE occupied by the cell pilot CRS, the total power of each RE occupied by the DATA, further according to the data reconfiguration factor The power of the DATA allocated by each paired UE is determined.
  • the jointly generating the beamforming weights according to the channel estimation matrix of each paired UE further includes: obtaining a modified beamforming weight according to the beamforming weight; correspondingly, according to the power of the DMRS And the power of the DATA and the modified beam shaping weight are waved
  • the beam shaping generates a signal to be transmitted.
  • obtaining the modified beamforming weight according to the beam shaping weight comprises: normalizing the beam shaping weight to obtain the modified beam shaping weight.
  • obtaining the modified beamforming weight according to the beamforming weight comprises: linearly scaling the beamforming weight by a linear factor to obtain the modified beamforming weight.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides an apparatus for implementing transparent multi-user multiple-input multiple-output transmission, where the apparatus includes: a channel estimation module and a beamforming module; wherein the channel estimation module is configured to be based on a channel of the user terminal UE
  • the estimation matrix pairs at least two UEs, configures the power of the demodulation pilot signal DM S of each paired UE, and configures the power of the data DATA of each paired UE;
  • the beamforming module is configured to be configured according to each pairing
  • the channel estimation matrix of the UE jointly generates a beamforming weight, and performs beamforming to generate a to-be-transmitted signal according to the power of the DMRS, the power of the DATA, and the beam shaping weight.
  • the channel estimation module includes: a pairing sub-module and a power configuration sub-module; wherein the pairing sub-module is configured to pair at least two UEs according to a channel estimation matrix of the UE; And a module, configured to determine, according to a power of each resource particle RE occupied by the cell pilot CRS, a total power of each RE occupied by the DMRS, and further determine, according to a pilot reconfiguration factor, a power of the DMRS allocated by each paired UE.
  • the power configuration submodule is configured to determine the total power of each RE occupied by the DATA according to the power of each resource particle RE occupied by the cell pilot CRS, and further according to the data reconfiguration factor. The power of the DATA allocated by each paired UE is determined.
  • the beamforming module is further configured to calculate a modified beamforming weight according to the beam shaping weight, according to the power of the DMRS, the power of the DATA, and the modified beam shaping right The value is beamformed to generate a signal to be transmitted.
  • the beamforming module is further configured to normalize the beamforming weight to obtain the modified beamforming weight. In the above solution, the beamforming module is further configured to linearly scale the beamforming weights by a linear factor to obtain the modified beamforming weights.
  • the channel estimation module, the beamforming module, the pairing sub-module, and the power configuration sub-module may use a central processing unit (CPU) and a digital signal processor (DSP) when performing processing. , Digital Singnal Processor ) or Programmable Gate Array 'J (FPGA, Field - Programmable Gate Array) implementation.
  • CPU central processing unit
  • DSP digital signal processor
  • Digital Singnal Processor Digital Singnal Processor
  • FPGA Field - Programmable Gate Array
  • the method and device for implementing transparent MU-MIMO transmission provided by the embodiment of the present invention, pairing at least two UEs according to a channel estimation matrix of the UE, configuring the power of the DM S of each paired UE, and configuring each pairing a power of the data DATA of the UE; jointly generating a beamforming weight according to a channel estimation matrix of each paired UE, and performing beamforming according to the power of the DM S, the power of the DATA, and the beam shaping weight Generating a signal to be transmitted, so as to change the protocol without changing the signaling flow, without changing the UE receiving the demodulation process, by performing the system architecture and the precoding method on the base station side, transparently to the paired multi-UE
  • the multi-layer stream data corresponding to the codeword is simultaneously transmitted, so that the system throughput is obviously increased and decreased, and the spectrum resource utilization rate of the system is improved.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of MIMO for users in the LTE system to perform SU-MIMO and MU-MIMO;
  • 2 is a general structure of a downlink physical channel of the system
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic flowchart of a method for implementing transparent MU-MIMO transmission according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic flowchart of a method for implementing transparent MU-MIMO transmission according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic flowchart of a method for implementing transparent MU-MIMO transmission according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for implementing transparent MU-MIMO transmission according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a method for implementing transparent MU-MIMO transmission according to a specific application example. detailed description
  • At least two UEs are paired according to a channel estimation matrix of the UE; the power of each paired UE's DM S is configured, and the power of each paired UE's DATA is configured, according to channel estimation of each paired UE.
  • the matrix jointly generates a beamforming weight, and performs beamforming to generate a signal to be transmitted according to the power of the DM S, the power of the DATA, and the beam shaping weight.
  • any one of the UEs is referred to as an i-th UE.
  • the i-th UE only knows its own DMRS port information when performing PDSCH reception, such as the number of occupied ports and the specific occupied ports.
  • the i-th UE does not know the DMRS port information of its paired UE.
  • UE1, 2, and 3 are scheduled on the same resource block (RB), and the three UEs constitute a coordinated transmission group, where UE2 and UE3 are UE1's paired UEs in transparent MU-MIMO transmission, UE1 cannot obtain UE2 and DMRS port information of UE3; correspondingly, non-transparent MU-MIMO means that any one of a group of UEs participating in MU-MIMO cooperative transmission can learn the DMRS port information of the paired UE.
  • RB resource block
  • the transmission method of the embodiment of the present invention is based on transparent MU-MIMO, so that when the UE is paired, the number of paired UEs is not limited, so that the system can set the number of selected paired UEs as needed.
  • Embodiment 1 A method for implementing transparent MU-MIMO transmission according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention is shown in FIG. 3, and the specific process is as follows:
  • Step 301 Pairing at least two UEs according to a channel estimation matrix of the UE.
  • the base station side performs joint evaluation according to the channel estimation matrix of all UEs, according to the scheduling policy.
  • the pairing algorithm selects M UEs that can be paired, and pairs the M UEs; where, the value of M is greater than or equal to 2.
  • the channel estimation matrix of each UE is obtained by using channel dissimilarity, where the UE is all UEs under the cell coverage.
  • the scheduling policy or the pairing algorithm for selecting the paired UE may be set according to different design schemes.
  • the embodiment of the present invention does not impose any restrictions on the use of the scheduling policy and the pairing algorithm.
  • Step 302 Configure the power of the DM S of each paired UE, and configure the power of the DATA of each paired UE.
  • the base station side allocates 2 codewords for each paired UE, and performs layer mapping on the generated complex modulated signals according to the transmission mode of the system, and maps to multiple layers.
  • Data stream where, the transmission mode may be transmission mode 7, transmission mode 8, and transmission mode 9; different transmission modes, corresponding downlink control information (DCI, Downlink Control Information) format is different, DCI includes: uplink and downlink scheduling information And the uplink scheduling control information; wherein, the transmission mode 7 is a single stream beamforming mode, the corresponding antenna port is port 5, the DCI is DCI format 2A; the transmission mode 8 is a dual stream beamforming mode, and the corresponding antenna port is a port 7 and port 8, DCI is DCI format 2B; Transmission mode 9 is a newly added mode in LTE-A, which can support transmission of up to 8 layers of data streams.
  • the corresponding antenna port is port 7-port 14, DCI is DCI format 2C;
  • each paired UE is allocated two codewords, each codeword is mapped as a layer of data stream; in the case of transmission mode 9, each paired UE is assigned two codewords, each codeword According to the channel quality mapping, it is a multi-layer data stream with up to four layers.
  • the power of each RE occupied by the cell reference signal is P CRS
  • the total power of each RE occupied by the DM S is P DMRS
  • each RE has multiple layers of DM S or multi-layer data
  • the allocated DMRS power is defined as ⁇ and DATA power is defined as
  • each paired UE After determining the related information of the DMRS of each paired UE according to the transmission mode, each paired UE is allocated a pilot scrambling code identifier n SCID , wherein in the existing protocol, only MU-MIMO of the two paired UEs is supported, and The number of assignable n SCIDs is 2.
  • the paired UEs of the M/2 allocate the same n SCID ; wherein, according to the definition of the 3GPP protocol, the n SCID may be according to DMRS calculated for each corresponding pilot scrambling sequence, thereby determining the n SCID corresponding DMRS; here, paired UE M / 2 n SCID assignment is based on the same n SCID values can only be 0 or 1, and In the case of an even distribution, the system can be handled easily.
  • the specific allocation scheme of the n SCID is not limited, and different n SCIDs may be allocated to different numbers of paired UEs according to the f SCID fetching; for example, for n SCID For the purpose of 0, 1, 2, 3, assigning different n SCIDs to the same number of paired UEs is: Configure 0 for M/4 users, M/4 user configuration 1, M/4 user configuration 2 , M/4 user configuration 3.
  • the process of calculating the pilot scrambling code sequence according to the n SCID and the process of further calculating the DM S in the embodiment of the present invention is a prior art, and details are not described herein again.
  • each paired UE generates a different pilot scrambling code sequence through the n SCID to distinguish different DMs, thereby distinguishing different paired UEs.
  • the base station side pairs multiple UEs by pairing criteria, and then configures multiple UEs corresponding to multiple codewords at the same time, and each codeword is mapped to the multi-layer stream data according to the channel condition.
  • the method of the embodiment of the present invention can greatly increase the number of codewords sent by the base station side, and further increase the system throughput.
  • Step 303 jointly generate a beamforming weight according to a channel estimation matrix of each paired UE, and generate a to-be-transmitted signal according to the power of the DMRS, the power of the DATA, and the beam shaping weight.
  • the channel estimation matrix Hj of the paired UEj is jointly constructed to construct a channel estimation matrix H of the entire system, and the weight estimation W of the MU-MIMO precoding algorithm is further calculated for the entire system channel estimation matrix, where 3 ⁇ 4 is the i-th pairing
  • the channel estimation matrix of the UE where a zero-forcing (ZF) algorithm can be used, and the inverse matrix or pseudo-inverse matrix of H is used as the shaping weight W, and the minimum mean square error (MMSE, Minimum) can also be used.
  • ZF zero-forcing
  • MMSE minimum mean square error
  • Mean Square Error or some other existing algorithms such as SVD, Max-SLNR and the like, perform precoding algorithm weight W calculation, and the embodiment of the present invention uses the precoding weight W for calculation.
  • the specific method is not limited; here, the precoding algorithm weight W is the beamforming weight.
  • the DM S and the data of the paired UE may be pre-coded according to W, and the signal of the antenna domain is converted into a signal of the beam domain for processing. Shape.
  • the beamforming weight may use the precoding algorithm weight W, or the modified precoding algorithm weight W, that is, the modified beam shaping weight W.
  • the method of correcting W includes the following two methods:
  • Method 1 normalize, normalizing the beamforming weights to obtain the modified beamforming weights
  • K is the number of antennas on the base station side
  • L MN, the total number of antennas receiving data for all the paired UEs
  • M is the number of paired UEs
  • N is the data of the paired users.
  • Method 2 linearly scaling, linearly scaling the beamforming weights by a linear factor to obtain a modified beamforming weight
  • the power of each element of the precoding matrix is linearly scaled according to the total number of antennas received by all the paired UEs, specifically: -- W precoding specific process is:
  • the number of base station side transmit antennas is N (the number of antennas of the target UEj is ⁇ ⁇ ) is the data information of the target UEj, and the matrix ⁇ is the beam shaping right of the target UEj. value.
  • the received signal of UEj can be expressed as: k:l,k ⁇ j
  • the Gaussian white noise defined as UE ⁇ ' ⁇ ' is the channel spatial response matrix of the base station side to the target UEj.
  • y is the receiving side.
  • the pilot and data transmitted to the multiple UEs on each layer of the data stream are accumulated on the same time-frequency resource to generate the data to be sent simultaneously.
  • the UE when receiving, the UE only needs to parse its corresponding layer 1 and layer 2...8 layers of data streams according to the downlink control information DCI format 2A, 2B, and 2C information.
  • Each layer of data stream corresponds to a DM S as a pilot for channel estimation.
  • the paired UE can normally identify its transmission mode and the configured DM S according to the SU-MIMO mode through the DCI information in the existing protocol version, or a new protocol in the future. In the version, the UE identifies the transmission mode of the updated version and the different DMs indicated.
  • the embodiment of the present invention optimizes the precoding algorithm and reallocates the power of the multi-layer data stream, which not only protects the power overflow problem caused by the multi-stream, but also protects the pre-coding.
  • the various properties inherent in the matrix itself (such as orthogonality) will also increase the utilization of spectrum resources.
  • the method of the embodiment of the present invention has significant gain.
  • a precoding matrix of a non-data channel or a pilot such as an ePDCCH is generated.
  • the number of antennas on the base station side of the LTE system is 64, and the mobile terminals in the cell covered by the base station are both received by the two antennas, and the R9 and the versions of the 3GPP LTE protocol are supported as an example.
  • a method of implementing transparent MU-MIMO transmission is described.
  • the method includes the following steps: Step 401: Obtain a channel estimation matrix of each UE by using channel reciprocity; where, in the TDD-LTE system, the base station side uses the channel reciprocity to obtain a channel estimation matrix of each UE.
  • the acquired channel estimation matrix includes a base station side.
  • the SRs sent to all UEs are subjected to channel estimation, and then the channel estimation matrix ⁇ " of each UE is obtained, where j represents the jth UE.
  • Step 402 Perform 8 UE pairing according to the UE channel estimation matrix, configure a power of each paired UE DM S, and configure a DATA power of each paired UE.
  • the base station side evaluates the channel quality of all UEs according to the channel estimation matrix of all UEs, and selects 8 UEs suitable for pairing according to the multi-UE pairing criterion (the 8 UEs simultaneously support transmission mode 8), and pairs them.
  • the corresponding two groups of codewords are configured for each paired UE, specifically: the paired UE is codeword 1, the codeword 2, the paired UE is the codeword 3, the codeword 4, and so on, and the paired UE8 is coded. Words 15, 16;
  • Each paired UE uses the ports DMA and S8 of the pilot DM S for space division.
  • each UE uses the ports DMA and S8 of the pilot DM S for space division.
  • each UE generates two codewords, and each codeword is mapped into one layer of data stream.
  • the pilot reconfiguration factor and the data reconfiguration factor are as shown in Table 1.
  • the downlink control information format is DCI format 2B, and the DMRS positions of the paired UEs are the same.
  • the paired UEs generate different pilot scrambling code sequences by using the n SCID to distinguish the respective DMRSs. details as following:
  • Step 404 jointly generate beamforming weights according to each paired UE channel estimation matrix. Specifically, jointly construct a channel estimation matrix H of the paired UEs by using a channel estimation matrix of the paired UEs.
  • the weight estimation W of the MU-MIMO precoding algorithm is performed on the entire system channel estimation matrix, wherein the inverse zero or pseudo inverse of the channel estimation matrix can be used as the shaping weight by the zero forcing algorithm.
  • Step 405 Perform beamforming and resource mapping on the DM S and data of each paired UE, generate data to be sent, and send the data.
  • the DM S and the data of the paired UE may be pre-coded according to W, and the signal of the antenna domain is converted into a signal of the beam domain to perform beamforming, and beamforming is performed.
  • the pilot and data transmitted to the multiple UEs on each layer of the data stream are accumulated on the same time-frequency resource to generate the data to be transmitted simultaneously.
  • the number of base station side array antennas in the LTE system is 256, and the mobile terminals in the cell coverage by the base station side are both received by the two antennas, and R10 and above versions of the 3GPP LTE protocol are supported as an example.
  • a method of implementing transparent MU-MIMO transmission is described.
  • the method includes the following steps:
  • Step 501 Obtain a channel estimation matrix of each UE by using channel heterogeneity
  • the base station side acquires a channel estimation matrix of each UE by using channel reciprocity; wherein the acquired channel estimation matrix includes an SR sent by the base station side to all UEs for channel estimation, and then acquires each Channel estimation matrix ⁇ of UEs, where j represents the UE;
  • Step 502 Perform 8UE pairing according to the UE channel estimation matrix, and configure the power of the DM S of each paired UE, and configure the DATA power of each paired UE.
  • the base station side evaluates the channel quality of all UEs according to the channel estimation matrix of all UEs, and selects 8 UEs suitable for pairing according to the multi-UE pairing criterion (the 8 UEs simultaneously support the transmission mode 9), and pairs them.
  • each paired UE uses the DM S ports Port7, Port8 and Port9 ⁇ Portl4 to perform space division when performing space division, that is, in the case of transmission mode 9,
  • Each UE generates two codewords, each of which is mapped into a multi-layer data stream according to the channel quality, wherein the mapped data stream has a maximum number of layers of four layers.
  • the DCI format is DCI format 2C
  • the DM S of each paired UE has the same position in Port7, Port8, Portl l and Portl3, and the same positions in Port9, Portl0, Portl2 and Portl4.
  • the pilot reconfiguration factor and the data reconfiguration factor are taken as shown in Table 2.
  • Step 503 jointly generate beamforming weights according to each paired UE channel estimation matrix.
  • the channel estimation matrix of the paired UE is jointly constructed to construct the entire system channel estimation matrix.
  • the weight estimation W of the MU-MIMO precoding algorithm is calculated for the entire system channel estimation matrix; here, the precoding algorithm weight W is the beamforming weight W, and the beamforming weight W is calculated using the ZF algorithm or the MMSE algorithm.
  • the channel itself When using the ZF algorithm, if the channel itself is very noisy, it may amplify the noise and weaken some useful signals after adding the beamforming weight, which affects system performance. Therefore, some residual noise is preserved by the MMSE algorithm, and the weakening of the useful signal is reduced, so that the mean square error between the received signal and the transmitted signal is minimized, thereby effectively overcoming the problem that the channel itself is relatively noisy.
  • Step 504 Obtain a precoding matrix by power normalization.
  • Step 505 Perform beamforming and resource mapping on the DM S and data of each paired UE, generate data to be sent, and send the data.
  • the DM S and the data of the paired UE may be pre-coded according to W, and the signal of the antenna domain is converted into a signal of the beam domain to perform beamforming, and The pilot and data transmitted to the multi-UE on each layer of the data stream are accumulated on the same time-frequency resource to generate the data to be transmitted simultaneously.
  • the fourth embodiment of the present invention provides a device 600 for implementing transparent MU-MIMO transmission.
  • the device 600 includes: a channel estimation module 601 and a beamforming module 602.
  • the channel estimation module 601 is configured to pair the at least two UEs according to the channel estimation matrix of the UE, configure the power of the DM S of each paired UE, and configure the power of the data DATA of each paired UE;
  • the beamforming module 602 is configured to jointly generate a beamforming weight according to a channel estimation matrix of each paired UE, and perform beam assignment according to the power of the DM S, the power of the DATA, and the beam shaping weight. Form the signal to be sent.
  • the channel estimation module 601 includes: a pairing submodule 611, a power configuration submodule 612;
  • the pairing sub-module 611 is configured to pair at least two UEs according to a channel estimation matrix of the UE;
  • the power configuration sub-module 612 is configured to determine, according to the power of each RE occupied by the cell pilot CRS, total power of each RE occupied by the DMRS, and further determine a DMRS power allocated by each paired UE according to a pilot reconfiguration factor; .
  • the power configuration sub-module 612 is further configured to determine, according to the power of each resource particle RE occupied by the cell pilot CRS, a total power of each RE occupied by the DATA, and further determine, according to the data reconfiguration factor, each paired UE allocation. DATA power.
  • the beamforming module 602 is further configured to calculate a modified beamforming weight according to the beam shaping weight, and perform beamforming according to the power of the DMRS, the power of the DATA, and the modified beam shaping weight Generating a signal to be transmitted;
  • the beamforming module 602 calculates a modified beamforming weight according to the beamforming weights, and includes the following two methods:
  • W is the beam shaping weight
  • W' is the modified beam shaping weight
  • W kJ is the parameter corresponding to the first column of the matrix w kth row
  • K is the number of antennas on the base station side
  • L MN, the total number of antennas that receive data for all paired UEs
  • M is the number of paired UEs
  • N is the data stream of the paired users. Number of layers;
  • the base station NodeB pairs K UEs, and the DM S configured for each paired UE is DM S ⁇ DM S 2
  • each paired UE calculates beamforming weights and performs beamforming on its corresponding channel estimation matrix, and sends the generated signals to be transmitted through multiple antennas of the NodeB and simultaneously sends them to K UEs;
  • the UE UE 2 UE K demodulates the received signals according to different DMs, so as to distinguish different paired UEs, and the corresponding received signals are identified by the paired UEs.
  • the obtaining of the channel estimation matrix includes: The base station side performs channel estimation on all the paired UEs with the SRSj sent by the downlink channel estimation, and then obtains the channel estimation matrix Hj of each UE through the uplink channel estimation, where j represents the jth UE, so that the protocol is not changed, and does not change.
  • the signaling process does not change the UE receiving the demodulation process, and simultaneously transmits the multi-stream data corresponding to the multi-codeword to the paired multi-UE in a transparent manner by optimizing the system architecture and the pre-coding method on the base station side, so that the system The throughput is significantly increased and decreased, and the spectrum resource utilization of the system is improved.
  • the device provided by the present invention may be used as a separate system, or may be a logical unit that adds different functions to an existing network element device such as a base station.
  • the channel estimation module 601, the pairing sub-module 511, the power configuration sub-module 612, and the beamforming module 602 may be a central processing unit (CPU) located in the base station, and a digital signal processor. (DSP, Digital Signal Processor), or Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) implementation.
  • CPU central processing unit
  • DSP Digital Signal Processor
  • FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array
  • the method and device for implementing transparent MU-MIMO transmission pairing at least two UEs according to a channel estimation matrix of the UE, configuring the power of the DM S of each paired UE, and configuring the data DATA of each paired UE. And generating a beamforming weight according to a channel estimation matrix of each paired UE, and generating a to-be-transmitted signal according to the power of the DM S, the power of the DATA, and the beam shaping weight Therefore, without changing the protocol, without changing the signaling flow, without changing the UE receiving the demodulation process, the multi-codeword corresponding to the multi-UE is paired in a transparent manner by optimizing the system architecture and the precoding method on the base station side. Multi-layer stream data is sent at the same time, which makes the system throughput increase and decrease significantly, and improves the spectrum resource utilization of the system.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种实现透明多用户多输入多输出(MU-MIMO)传输的方法及装置,所述方法包括:根据用户终端(UE)的信道估计矩阵对至少两个UE进行配对,配置每个配对UE的解调导频信号(DMRS)的功率,配置每个配对UE的数据(DATA)的功率;根据每个配对UE的信道估计矩阵联合生成波束赋形权值W,并根据所述DMRS的功率、所述DATA的功率、所述波束赋形权值W进行波束赋形生成待发送信号。

Description

一种实现透明多用户多输入多输出传输的方法及装置 技术领域
本发明涉及多用户多输入多输出( MU-MIMO, Multi-User Multiple-Input Multiple-Output )技术领域,尤其涉及一种实现透明 MU-MIMO传输的方法 及装置。 背景技术
本申请发明人在实现本申请实施例技术方案的过程中, 至少发现相关 技术中存在如下技术问题:
多输入多输出 ( MIMO, Multiple-Input Multiple-Output )技术是在上个 世纪末由美国贝尔实验室提出的用于多天线通信系统的技术, 具体的, 在 发射端和接收端均釆用多天线 (或阵列天线)和多通道来有效的抑制信道 衰落。 同时, 相对以往的单天线通信系统, 釆用 MIMO的多天线通信系统 即能够成倍的提高系统容量, 也能够提高信道的可靠性, 降低误码率。
MIMO技术分为单用户多输入输出 ( SU-MIMO, Single-User MIMO ) 和 MU-MIMO, 如图 1所示, SU-MIMO是指同一时频资源上仅有一个用户 终端 ( UE, User Equipment ), 而 MU-MIMO是指多个 UE占用同一时频资 源。 MIMO 系统中可传输的数据流数最大不超过信道估计矩阵的秩, 所以 MU-MIMO系统中 UE个数(即可配对 UE个数 )取决于基站侧天线数, 所 有 UE天线总数应小于等于基站侧的天线数。它们都是利用预编码技术消除 各信道间的共信道干扰 ( CCI, Common-channel Interference ), 从而节省频 谱资源, 大大提高系统的吞吐量。
MIMO技术是主要运用于长期演进(LTE, Long Term Evolution ) 系统 物理层的技术。 现在的 LTE系统, 主要釆用基站侧 8天线端口, 物理下行 共享信道 (PDSCH, Physical Downlink Shared Channel)的业务信道支持两个 码字, 映射到最大支持 8数据流传输场景。 下行物理信道的一般结构如图 2 所示, 由物理层的上层 MAC层下发的码字(最多为两个)分别通过加扰和 调制过程后生成复数调制符号, 接着通过将每个码字生成的复数调制符号 通过可映射的天线端口进行层映射, 产生多层数据流; 接着多层数据流中 的各层数据流再通过预编码和的资源映射; 最后在每个天线端口上生成正 交频分复用技术 ( OFDM, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing )信号, 并映射到相应的天线端口。 这里, 由于码字的数量限制, 在 LTE 系统做 MU-MIMO时, 可配对的 UE数为 2。
LTE 系统在较早的 R8版本就开始提及在 PDSCH业务信道上将多层数 据流进行空分复用技术, 这时可以支持 MU-MIMO形式, 其下行控制信息 ( DCI, Downlink Control Information )釆为 DCI format 1D。
LTE在其 R9版本中定义传输模式 7 (单流波束赋形 )和传输模式 8 (多 流波束赋形), 这两种基于波束赋形的在时分双工 (TDD, Time Division Duplexing)模式下的传输模式利用解调导频信号 ( DM S, DeModulation Reference Signal )对信道进行估计, 再通过均衡进行数据解调。 其 DCI分 别为 DCI format 2A和 DCI format ID或 2B。 这时, MU-MIMO在系统中 变得较为灵活, 多 UE可以通过不同的 DMRS序列来识别自己所对应的信 道, 从而准确的做信道估计。
在随后的 R10版本中, LTE系统定义了新的传输模式 9,提出了更多的 DMRS端口(多达 8个 DMRS端口), 从而使单个 UE最多可以识别出 8层 数据流。 其 DCI为 DCI format 2C。
如上所述, 在 3GPP协议限定情况下, 传输模式 8最多只能支持两个 UE配对且每个配对 UE为单层数据流的 MU-MIMO场景,而传输模式 9也 只能支持单 UE最多 8层数据流的场景, 而随着数据流数的增多, 需要支持 的 DMRS 端口数就相应的增多, 则相应的数据资源粒子 ( RE, Resource Element )数就会减少。
因此, 在目前的 LTE系统中, 理论上每个小区在相同的时频资源只支 持对两个 UE同时进行数据发送, 也就是只支持两个配对 UE, 无法在不改 变任何接收流程的前提下进行至少两个 UE的配对。 发明内容
为解决现有存在的上述问题, 本发明实施例期望提供一种实现透明 MU-MIMO传输的方法及装置, 能够在不改变任何接收流程的前提下进行 至少两个 UE的配对。
本发明实施例的技术方案是这样实现的:
本发明实施例提供一种实现透明 MU-MIMO传输的方法, 所述方法包 括: 根据用户终端 UE的信道估计矩阵对至少两个 UE进行配对, 配置每个 配对 UE的解调导频信号 DMRS的功率, 配置每个配对 UE的数据 DATA 的功率;根据每个配对 UE的信道估计矩阵联合生成波束赋形权值, 并根据 所述 DMRS的功率、 所述 DATA的功率、 所述波束赋形权值进行波束赋形 生成待发送信号。
上述方案中, 所述配置每个配对 UE的 DMRS的功率包括: 根据小区 导频 CRS所占的每个资源粒子 RE的功率确定 DMRS所占的每个 RE的总 功率, 进一步根据导频重配因子确定每个配对 UE分配的 DMRS的功率。
上述方案中, 所述配置每个配对 UE的 DATA的功率包括: 根据小区 导频 CRS所占的每个资源粒子 RE的功率确定 DATA所占的每个 RE的总 功率, 进一步根据数据重配因子确定每个配对 UE分配的 DATA的功率。
上述方案中,所述根据每个配对 UE的信道估计矩阵联合生成波束赋形 权值还包括: 根据所述波束赋形权值得到修正波束赋形权值; 相应的, 根 据所述 DMRS的功率、 所述 DATA的功率、 所述修正波束赋形权值进行波 束赋形生成待发送信号。
上述方案中, 根据所述波束赋形权值得到修正波束赋形权值包括: 将 所述波束赋形权值进行归一化得到所述修正波束赋形权值。
上述方案中, 根据所述波束赋形权值得到修正波束赋形权值包括: 将 所述波束赋形权值以线性因子进行线性缩放得到所述修正波束赋形权值。
本发明实施例还提供一种实现透明多用户多输入多输出传输的装置, 所述装置包括: 信道估计模块、 波束赋形模块; 其中, 所述信道估计模块, 配置为根据用户终端 UE的信道估计矩阵对至少两个 UE进行配对,配置每 个配对 UE的解调导频信号 DM S的功率,配置每个配对 UE的数据 DATA 的功率; 所述波束赋形模块, 配置为根据每个配对 UE的信道估计矩阵联合 生成波束赋形权值, 并根据所述 DMRS的功率、 所述 DATA的功率、 所述 波束赋形权值进行波束赋形生成待发送信号。
上述方案中, 所述信道估计模块, 包括: 配对子模块、 功率配置子模 块; 其中, 所述配对子模块, 配置为根据 UE 的信道估计矩阵对至少两个 UE进行配对; 所述功率配置子模块, 配置为根据小区导频 CRS所占的每 个资源粒子 RE的功率确定 DMRS所占的每个 RE的总功率,进一步根据导 频重配因子确定每个配对 UE分配的 DMRS的功率。
上述方案中, 所述功率配置子模块, 配置为才艮据所述小区导频 CRS所 占的每个资源粒子 RE的功率确定 DATA所占的每个 RE的总功率, 进一步 根据数据重配因子确定每个配对 UE分配的 DATA的功率。
上述方案中, 所述波束赋形模块, 还配置为根据所述波束赋形权值计 算修正波束赋形权值, 根据所述 DMRS的功率、 所述 DATA的功率、 所述 修正波束赋形权值进行波束赋形生成待发送信号。
上述方案中, 所述波束赋形模块, 还配置为将所述波束赋形权值进行 归一化得到所述修正波束赋形权值。 上述方案中, 所述波束赋形模块, 还配置为将所述波束赋形权值以线 性因子进行线性缩放得到所述修正波束赋形权值。
所述信道估计模块、 所述波束赋形模块、 所述配对子模块、 所述功率 配置子模块在执行处理时, 可以釆用中央处理器(CPU, Central Processing Unit )、 数字信号处理器 (DSP, Digital Singnal Processor )或可编程逻辑阵 歹' J ( FPGA, Field - Programmable Gate Array ) 实现。
由此可见, 本发明实施例提供的实现透明 MU-MIMO传输的方法及装 置, 根据 UE的信道估计矩阵对至少两个 UE进行配对, 配置每个配对 UE 的 DM S的功率, 配置每个配对 UE的数据 DATA的功率; 根据每个配对 UE的信道估计矩阵联合生成波束赋形权值, 并根据所述 DM S的功率、 所述 DATA的功率、 所述波束赋形权值进行波束赋形生成待发送信号, 从 而在不改变协议, 不改变信令流程, 不改变 UE接收解调流程的前提下, 通 过优化基站侧的系统架构及预编码方法以透明的方式向配对的多 UE 进行 多码字对应的多层流数据同时发送, 使得系统吞吐量明显增减, 提高系统 的频谱资源利用率。 附图说明
图 1为 LTE系统中的用户做 SU-MIMO与 MU-MIMO的 MIMO的示意 图;
图 2为系统下行物理信道的一般结构;
图 3为本发明实施例一提供的实现透明 MU-MIMO传输的方法的流程 示意图;
图 4为本发明实施例二提供的实现透明 MU-MIMO传输的方法的流程 示意图;
图 5为本发明实施例三提供的实现透明 MU-MIMO传输的方法的流程 示意图; 图 6为本发明实施例四提供的实现透明 MU-MIMO传输的装置的结构 示意图;
图 7为一具体应用实例的实现透明 MU-MIMO传输的方法的示意图。 具体实施方式
在本发明实施例中,根据 UE的信道估计矩阵对至少两个 UE进行配对; 配置每个配对 UE的 DM S的功率, 配置每个配对 UE的 DATA的功率, 根据每个配对 UE 的信道估计矩阵联合生成波束赋形权值, 并根据所述 DM S的功率、 所述 DATA的功率、 所述波束赋形权值进行波束赋形生成 待发送信号。
在对本发明实施例进行说明之前, 首先对透明 MU-MIMO的定义进行 阐述, 具体如下:
对于参与 MU-MMO 协作传输的任意一个 UE 而言, SU-MIMO 和 MU-MMO传输并不存在差异, 以下将该任意一个 UE称为第 i个 UE。 第 i 个 UE在进行 PDSCH接收时, 只知道自身 DMRS端口信息, 比如自身占用 端口数和具体占用哪些端口等 第 i个 UE并不知道其配对 UE的 DMRS端 口信息。 比如, UE1、 2、 3调度在同一个资源块(RB)上, 这 3个 UE构成 一个协作传输组,其中 UE2和 UE3就是 UE1的配对 UE在透明 MU-MIMO 传输中, UE1无法获得 UE2和 UE3的 DMRS端口信息; 相应地, 非透明 MU-MIMO是指, 参与 MU-MIMO协作传输的一组 UE中的任意一个都能 够获知其配对 UE的 DMRS端口信息。
本发明实施例的传输方法基于透明 MU-MIMO,从而在对 UE进行配对 时,对于配对 UE的个数不做限制,从而使得系统对能够根据需要设置挑选 配对 UE的个数。
下面通过附图及具体实施例对本发明再#丈进一步的详细说明。
实施例一 本发明实施例一的实现透明 MU-MIMO传输的方法如图 3所示, 具体 流程如下:
步骤 301, 根据 UE的信道估计矩阵对至少两个 UE进行配对; 具体的, 在基站侧天线数为 K的 TDD-LTE系统中, 基站侧根据所有 UE的信道估计矩阵进行联合评估,根据调度策略或配对算法挑选出能够进 行配对的 M个 UE, 将 M个 UE进行配对; 其中, M的取值大于等于 2。
在配对之前, 利用信道互异性, 获取各个 UE的信道估计矩阵, 这里的 UE为小区覆盖范围下的所有 UE。
这里,用于挑选配对 UE的调度策略或配对算法可根据不同的设计方案 进行设置, 本发明实施例对调度策略与配对算法的使用不做任何限制。
步骤 302, 配置每个配对 UE的 DM S的功率, 配置每个配对 UE的 DATA的功率;
具体的, 在确定至少两个配对 UE后, 针对每个配对 UE, 基站侧为每 个配对 UE分配 2个码字,并根据系统的传输模式将生成的复数调制信号进 行层映射, 映射至多层数据流; 其中, 这里的传输模式可以为传输模式 7、 传输模式 8、 传输模式 9; 传输模式不同, 对应的下行控制信息 (DCI, Downlink Control Information )格式不同, DCI包括: 上、 下行调度信息, 以及上行调度控制信息; 其中, 传输模式 7 为单流波束赋形模式, 对应的 天线端口为端口 5, DCI为 DCI format 2A; 传输模式 8为双流波束赋形模 式, 对应的天线端口为端口 7和端口 8, DCI为 DCI format 2B; 传输模式 9 为 LTE-A中新增加的一种模式, 可以支持最大到 8层数据流的传输, 对应 的天线端口为端口 7-端口 14, DCI为 DCI format 2C; 这里, 将每个配对 UE用于传输数据的数据流的层数相同, 定义为 N。
在层映射过程中, 在确定每个配对 UE的每个码字对应的 N层数据流 的同时, 还需要确定每层数据流的 DMRS功率与数据功率; 其中在传输模 式 7或传输模式 8时,每个配对 UE分配两个码字,每个码字映射为一层数 据流; 在传输模式 9情况下, 每个配对 UE分配两个码字, 每个码字根据信 道质量映射为多层数据流, 最多四层。
根据 3GPP协议的定义, 小区导频(CRS, Cell Reference Signal )所占 的每个 RE的功率为 PCRS, DM S所占的每个 RE的总功率为 PDMRS, DATA 所占每个 RE总功率为 PDATA; a、 分别为 DMRS的功率配置因子、 DATA的功率配置因子, 一般情 况下, α』= 。
当每个 RE具有者多层 DM S或多层数据时, 重新配置每个配对 UE 的每层 DMRS功率和 DATA功率,将每个 RE具有多层 DMRS或多层 DATA 情况下的每个配对 UE分配的 DMRS功率定义为 Ρ , DATA功率定义为
Pdata , 其中,
Pp。rt =
Figure imgf000009_0001
'
配因子、 数据重配因子, 这里,
Figure imgf000009_0002
在根据传输模式确定每个配对 UE的 DMRS的相关信息后, 为每个配 对 UE分配导频扰码标识 nSCID, 其中, 在现有的协议中, 只支持两配对 UE 的 MU-MIMO, 并且可分配的 nSCID的数量为 2, 在本发明实施例中, 当配 对 UE数量 M > 2时, M/2的配对 UE分配相同的 nSCID; 其中, 根据 3GPP 协议的定义,可根据 nSCID计算出每个 DMRS对应的导频扰码序列,从而确 定 nSCID对应的 DMRS;这里, M/2的配对 UE分配相同的 nSCID是基于 nSCID 的取值只可以取 0或者 1, 并且在平均分配的情况下, 可方便系统的处理, 但在本发明实施例中, 对 nSCID的具体的分配方案不做限制, 可根据 nSCID 的取指也可将将不同的 nSCID分配给不一样数量的配对 UE;比如,对于 nSCID 的取指为 0、 1、 2、 3而言,将不同的 nSCID分配给同样数量的配对 UE则为: 给 M/4的用户配置 0, M/4用户配置 1, M/4用户配置 2, M/4用户配置 3。 同时, 本发明实施例中具体的根据 nSCID计算导频扰码序列, 以及进一步计 算 DM S的过程为现有技术, 在此不再赘述。
在实际应用中, 各配对 UE之间通过 nSCID生成不同的导频扰码序列, 以对不同的 DM S进行区分, 从而区分出不同的配对 UE。
在实际应用中, 基站侧通过配对准则将多 UE配对, 然后同时给多 UE 配置对应的多个码字, 每个码字根据信道情况映射到多层流数据。 相比现 有协议中限定的两个码字, 本发明实施例的方法可以使得基站侧所发码字 数大大增多, 并进一步使得系统吞吐量明显增加。
步骤 303, 根据每个配对 UE的信道估计矩阵联合生成波束赋形权值, 并根据所述 DMRS的功率、 所述 DATA的功率、 所述波束赋形权值进行波 束赋形生成待发送信号;
具体的, 将配对 UEj的信道估计矩阵 Hj联合构建整个系统的信道估计 矩阵 H,并进一步对整个系统信道估计矩阵 进行 MU-MIMO预编码算法 权值 W的计算, 其中, ¾为第 i个配对 UE的信道估计矩阵, 这里, 可釆 用迫零(ZF, zero-forcing ) 算法, 以 H的逆矩阵或伪逆矩阵作为赋形权值 W, 也可釆用最小均方误差 (MMSE, Minimum Mean Square Error ) 算法, 或其它一些已有的别的算法如 SVD、 Max-SLNR等预编码算法进行预编码 算法权值 W的计算,本发明实施例对计算预编码权值 W所釆用的具体方法 不做限制; 这里, 预编码算法权值 W即为波束赋形权值。
在得到波束赋形权值 W后,可根据 W对配对 UE的 DM S、数据进行 预编码操作, 将天线域的信号转换为波束域的信号进行处理, 实现波束赋 形。
在本发明实施例中, 波束赋形权值可釆用预编码算法权值 W, 也可釆 用修正的预编码算法权值 W, 也就是修正波束赋形权值 W 。
在基站侧为多天线情况下, 此时的 W应用于多天线情况下, 在生成波 束赋形权值 W之后, 对 W进行功率修正得到修正预编码权值 W, 以消除 各配对 UE间干扰; 其中, 对 W进行修正的方法包括以下两种方法:
方法 1 : 归一化, 将所述波束赋形权值进行归一化得到所述修正波束赋 形权值;
将预编码矩阵每个元素通过公式进行功率的统一归一化; 具体公式为:
Figure imgf000011_0001
1,/:1
其中, 为矩阵 W第 k行第 1列对应的参数; K为基站侧天线数; L=MN, 为所有配对 UE接收数据的总天线数, M为配对 UE的数量, N为 配对用户的数据流的层数。
方法 2: 线性缩放, 将所述波束赋形权值以线性因子 进行线性缩 放得到修正波束赋形权值;
将预编码矩阵每个元素的功率根据所有配对 UE接收数据的总天线数 进行线性缩放, 具体为: -- W 预编码具体过程为:
对于 M ( M>1 )个 UE的 MIMO系统, 设基站侧发射天线数为 N(, 目 标 UEj的天线数为 且 Ν Ν] 为目标 UEj的数据信息, 矩阵 ^为 目标 UEj的波束赋形权值。
在接收端, UEj的接收信号可以表示成: k:l,k≠ j
其中, 定义为 UE」的高斯白噪声, υ^ ' Ν'为基站侧到目标 UEj 的信道空间响应矩阵。 y为接收侧。
通过上述过程实现天线域的信号向波束域的转换后, 将每层数据流上 的发送至多 UE的导频和数据在相同的时频资源上累加, 以生成待发送数据 同时发出。
在实际应用中, UE端在接收时,只需根据下行控制信息 DCI format 2A、 2B和 2C信息解析其对应的 1层、 2层… 8层数据流。 每一层数据流对应一 个 DM S作为信道估计的导频。 如本发明实施例一所述的方法, 配对 UE 在现在已有的协议版本里可通过 DCI信息按照 SU-MIMO的模式正常识别 其传输模式及已被配置的 DM S, 或者在将来新的协议版本里 UE识别更 新版本的传输模式以及被指示的不同的 DM S。
向对于现有技术的预编码算法而言, 本发明实施例优化预编码算法, 将多层数据流功率重新分配, 不但很好的保护了多数据流可能造成的功率 溢出问题、 保护了预编码矩阵本身内在的各种属性(如正交性等), 也将提 高了频谱资源的利用率。
此外,在 Massive MIMO场景下, 由于 Massive MIMO的大天线阵列可 以灵活调用多组配对 UE, 因此,本发明实施例的方法具有明显增益。此外, ePDCCH等非数据信道或者导频的预编码矩阵生成。
实施例二
本发明实施例二以 LTE系统基站侧阵列天线数为 64, 基站侧所覆盖小 区内的移动终端都是两天线接收, 并且支持 3GPP LTE协议的 R9及以上版 本为例, 对本发明实施例一的实现透明 MU-MIMO传输的方法进行阐述。
如图 4所示, 该方法包括以下几个步骤: 步骤 401, 利用信道互异性获取各个 UE的信道估计矩阵; 这里, 在 TDD-LTE系统中, 基站侧利用信道互异性, 获取各个 UE的 信道估计矩阵; 其中,所获取的信道估计矩阵包括基站侧对所有 UE上发的 SR 以进行信道估计,然后获取每个 UE的信道估计矩阵 Η」,其中 j表示第 j个 UE。
步骤 402, 根据 UE信道估计矩阵进行 8UE配对, 并配置每个配对 UE 的 DM S的功率, 配置每个配对 UE的 DATA的功率;
这里,基站侧根据所有 UE的信道估计矩阵对所有 UE的信道质量进行 评估, 根据多 UE配对准则挑选出适合配对的 8个 UE (该 8个 UE同时支 持传输模式 8 ), 将它们进行配对, 并对配对好的每个 UE配置好相应的 2 组码字, 具体为: 配对 UE为码字 1、 码字 2, 配对 UE为码字 3、 码字 4, 以此类推, 配对 UE8为码字 15、 16;
每个配对 UE皆釆用导频 DM S的端口 Port7和 Port8进行空分时, 即 传输模式 8情况下, 每个 UE生成两个码字, 每个码字映射为一层数据流。 其中, 导频重配因子 和数据重配因子 的取指如表 1所示。
表 1
Figure imgf000013_0001
步骤 403, 配置导频扰码标识;
这里, 下行控制信息格式为 DCI format 2B, 各配对 UE的 DMRS位置 相同, 为端口 7和端口 8中, 各配对 UE间通过 nSCID生成不同的导频扰码 序列对各自的 DMRS进行区分, 分配情况如下:
a. M/2个 UE分配 nSCID=0, 该 M/2个 UE为: 配对 UE1、 配对 UE3、 配对 UE5、 配对 UE7;
b. M/2个 UE分配 nSCID=l, 该 M/2个 UE为: 配对 UE2、 配对 UE4、 配对 UE6、 配对 UE8。
步骤 404, 根据各配对 UE信道估计矩阵联合生成波束赋形权值; 具体的, 将配对 UE 的信道估计矩阵联合构建整个系统信道估计矩阵 H。 对整个系统信道估计矩阵进行 MU-MIMO预编码算法权值 W的计算, 其中, 可用迫零算法, 通过计算信道估计矩阵的逆或伪逆作为赋形权值。
W = H^ = HH(HHH 1
步骤 405, 将各个配对 UE的 DM S、 数据进行波束赋形和资源映射, 生成待发送数据并发送;
具体的, 在得到波束赋形权值 W后, 可根据 W对配对 UE的 DM S、 数据进行预编码操作, 将天线域的信号转换为波束域的信号进行处理, 实 现波束赋形,并将每层数据流上的发送至多 UE的导频和数据在相同的时频 资源上累加, 以生成待发送数据同时发出。
实施例三
本发明实施例三以 LTE系统基站侧阵列天线数为 256, 基站侧所覆盖 小区内的移动终端都是两天线接收, 并且支持 3GPP LTE协议的 R10及以 上版本为例, 对本发明实施例一的实现透明 MU-MIMO传输的方法进行阐 述。
如图 5所示, 该方法包括以下几个步骤:
步骤 501, 利用信道互异性获取各个 UE的信道估计矩阵;
这里, 在 TDD-LTE系统中, 基站侧利用信道互异性, 获取各个 UE的 信道估计矩阵; 其中,所获取的信道估计矩阵包括基站侧对所有 UE上发的 SR 以进行信道估计,然后获取每个 UE的信道估计矩阵 Η」,其中 j表示第 UE;
步骤 502, 根据 UE信道估计矩阵进行 8UE配对, 并配置每个配对 UE 的 DM S的功率, 配置每个配对 UE的 DATA的功率; 这里,基站侧根据所有 UE的信道估计矩阵对所有 UE的信道质量进行 评估, 根据多 UE配对准则挑选出适合配对的 8个 UE (该 8个 UE同时支 持传输模式 9 ), 将它们进行配对, 并对配对好的每个 UE配置好相应的 2 组码字; 每个配对 UE釆用 DM S的端口 Port7、 Port8和 Port9 ~ Portl4进 行空分时进行空分时, 即传输模式 9情况下, 每个 UE生成两个码字, 每个 码字根据信道质量映射为多层数据流, 其中, 映射的数据流的层数最多为 四层。
此时, DCI格式为 DCI format 2C, 各个配对 UE的 DM S在 Port7、 Port8、 Portl l和 Portl3的位置相同, 在 Port9、 Portl0、 Portl2和 Portl4的 位置相同。 同时, 导频重配因子 和数据重配因子 的取指如表 2所示。
表 2
Figure imgf000015_0001
步骤 503, 根据各配对 UE信道估计矩阵联合生成波束赋形权值;
具体的, 将配对 UE 的信道估计矩阵联合构建整个系统信道估计矩阵 Η。 对整个系统信道估计矩阵进行 MU-MIMO预编码算法权值 W的计算; 这里,预编码算法权值 W即为波束赋形权值 W,使用 ZF算法或 MMSE算 法计算波束赋形权值 W。
迫零算法:
通过 zHt z H^HH )-1计算信道估计矩阵的逆或伪逆作为波束赋形 权值。
MMSE算法:
通过 = 0¾^ 1计算波束赋形权值, 其中5为噪信比。
在使用 ZF算法时, 若信道本身的噪声很大, 则在加入波束赋形权值后 有可能会放大噪声而消弱一些有用信号,影响系统性能。 因此,通过 MMSE 算法保留一些残余的噪声, 减小对有用信号的消弱, 使得接收信号与发射 信号之间均方误差最小, 从而有效克服了信道本身噪声比较大的问题。
步骤 504, 通过功率归一化得到预编码矩阵;
将预编码矩阵每个元素通过公式进行功率的统一归一化; 具体公式为:
Figure imgf000016_0001
其中, 为矩阵 W第 k行第 1列对应的参数; K为基站侧天线数; L=MN, 为所有配对 UE接收数据的总天线数。
步骤 505, 将各个配对 UE的 DM S、 数据进行波束赋形和资源映射, 生成待发送数据并发送;
具体的, 在得到波束赋形权值 W'后, 可根据 W对配对 UE的 DM S、 数据进行预编码操作, 将天线域的信号转换为波束域的信号进行处理, 实 现波束赋形,并将每层数据流上的发送至多 UE的导频和数据在相同的时频 资源上累加, 以生成待发送数据同时发出。
实施例四
本发明实施例四提供一种实现透明 MU-MIMO传输的装置 600,如图 6 所示, 装置 600包括: 信道估计模块 601、 波束赋形模块 602; 其中,
信道估计模块 601, 配置为根据 UE的信道估计矩阵对至少两个 UE进 行配对,配置每个配对 UE的 DM S的功率,配置每个配对 UE的数据 DATA 的功率; 波束赋形模块 602, 配置为根据每个配对 UE的信道估计矩阵联合生成 波束赋形权值, 并根据所述 DM S的功率、 所述 DATA的功率、 所述波束 赋形权值进行波束赋形生成待发送信号。
信道估计模块 601, 包括: 配对子模块 611、 功率配置子模块 612; 其 中,
配对子模块 611, 配置为根据 UE的信道估计矩阵对至少两个 UE进行 配对;
功率配置子模块 612, 配置为根据小区导频 CRS所占的每个 RE的功 率确定 DMRS所占的每个 RE的总功率, 进一步根据导频重配因子;确定 每个配对 UE分配的 DMRS功率。
功率配置子模块 612, 还配置为根据所述小区导频 CRS所占的每个资 源粒子 RE的功率确定 DATA所占的每个 RE的总功率, 进一步根据数据重 配因子 确定每个配对 UE分配的 DATA功率。
波束赋形模块 602,还配置为根据所述波束赋形权值计算修正波束赋形 权值, 根据所述 DMRS的功率、 所述 DATA的功率、 所述修正波束赋形权 值进行波束赋形生成待发送信号;
具体的, 波束赋形模块 602根据所述波束赋形权值计算修正波束赋形 权值的方法包括以下两种:
1 )、 归一化: 将所述波束赋形权值进行归一化得到所述修正波束赋形 权值; 根据 w ' = 对波束赋形权值进行归一化得到修正波束赋
Figure imgf000017_0001
1,/:1
形权值; 其中, W为波束赋形权值, W'为修正波束赋形权值; 其中, WkJ为 矩阵 W第 k行第 1列对应的参数; K为基站侧天线数; L=MN, 为所有配 对 UE接收数据的总天线数, M为配对 UE的数量, N为配对用户的数据流 的层数;
2 )、 线性缩放: 将所述波束赋形权值以线性因子 进行线性缩放得
Figure imgf000018_0001
到爹正波束赋形权值;
根据 W ' = = 对波束赋形权值进行线性缩放得到修正波束赋形权值。
VMV
在实际应用中, 如图 7所示, 在信号发送侧, 基站 NodeB将 K个 UE 进行配对, 每个配对 UE 配置的 DM S 分别为 DM S^ DM S2
DM SK, 每个配对 UE将其对应的信道估计矩阵计算波束赋形权值并进行 波束赋形, 将生成的待发送信号通过 NodeB的多天线发送出去, 同时发送 给 K个 UE; 在信号接收侧, UE UE2 UEK将接收到的信号根据不 同的 DM S进行解调, 从而区分出不同的配对 UE, 并由配对 UE自身识别 出对应的接收信号; 其中, 信道估计矩阵的获取包括: 基站侧对所有配对 UE 同过下行信道估计上发的 SRSj进行信道估计, 之后经过上行信道估计 获取每个 UE的信道估计矩阵 Hj, 其中 j表示第 j个 UE, 从而在不改变协 议, 不改变信令流程, 不改变 UE接收解调流程的前提下, 通过优化基站侧 的系统架构及预编码方法以透明的方式向配对的多 UE 进行多码字对应的 多层流数据同时发送, 使得系统吞吐量明显增减, 提高系统的频谱资源利 用率。
在实际应用中, 本发明提供的装置可作为一个单独的系统, 还可以是 在现有的网元设备如基站中增加完成不同功能的逻辑单元。
当在基站中增加逻辑单元时, 信道估计模块 601、 配对子模块 511、 功 率配置子模块 612 以及波束赋形模块 602 可由位于基站中的中央处理器 ( CPU, Central Processing Unit )、 数字信号处理器 (DSP, Digital Signal Processor ),或可编程门阵列( FPGA, Field Programmable Gate Array )实现。
以上所述, 仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已, 并非用于限定本发明的保 护范围 工业实用性
本发明实施例提供的实现透明 MU-MIMO传输的方法及装置,根据 UE 的信道估计矩阵对至少两个 UE进行配对, 配置每个配对 UE的 DM S的 功率, 配置每个配对 UE的数据 DATA的功率; 根据每个配对 UE的信道估 计矩阵联合生成波束赋形权值, 并根据所述 DM S的功率、 所述 DATA的 功率、 所述波束赋形权值进行波束赋形生成待发送信号, 从而在不改变协 议, 不改变信令流程, 不改变 UE接收解调流程的前提下, 通过优化基站侧 的系统架构及预编码方法以透明的方式向配对的多 UE 进行多码字对应的 多层流数据同时发送, 使得系统吞吐量明显增减, 提高系统的频谱资源利 用率。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种实现透明多用户多输入多输出传输的方法, 所述方法包括: 根据用户终端 UE的信道估计矩阵对至少两个 UE进行配对,配置每个 配对 UE的解调导频信号 DM S的功率, 配置每个配对 UE的数据 DATA 的功率;
根据每个配对 UE的信道估计矩阵联合生成波束赋形权值,并根据所述 DM S的功率、 所述 DATA的功率、 所述波束赋形权值进行波束赋形生成 待发送信号。
2、根据权利要求 1所述的方法,其中,所述配置每个配对 UE的 DMRS 的功率包括:
根据小区导频 CRS所占的每个资源粒子 RE的功率确定 DMRS所占的 每个 RE的总功率,
进一步根据导频重配因子确定每个配对 UE分配的 DMRS的功率。
3、根据权利要求 1所述的方法,其中,所述配置每个配对 UE的 DATA 的功率包括:
根据小区导频 CRS所占的每个资源粒子 RE的功率确定 DATA所占的 每个 RE的总功率,
进一步根据数据重配因子确定每个配对 UE分配的 DATA的功率。
4、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其中, 所述根据每个配对 UE的信道 估计矩阵联合生成波束赋形权值还包括:
根据所述波束赋形权值得到修正波束赋形权值;
相应的, 根据所述 DMRS的功率、 所述 DATA的功率、 所述修正波束 赋形权值进行波束赋形生成待发送信号。
5、 根据权利要求 4所述的方法, 其中, 根据所述波束赋形权值得到修 正波束赋形权值包括: 将所述波束赋形权值进行归一化得到所述修正波束 赋形权值。
6、 根据权利要求 4所述的方法, 其中, 根据所述波束赋形权值得到修 正波束赋形权值包括: 将所述波束赋形权值以线性因子进行线性缩放得到 所述修正波束赋形权值。
7、 一种实现透明多用户多输入多输出传输的装置, 所述装置包括: 信 道估计模块、 波束赋形模块; 其中,
所述信道估计模块,配置为才艮据用户终端 UE的信道估计矩阵对至少两 个 UE进行配对, 配置每个配对 UE的解调导频信号 DM S的功率, 配置 每个配对 UE的数据 DATA的功率;
所述波束赋形模块,配置为根据每个配对 UE的信道估计矩阵联合生成 波束赋形权值, 并根据所述 DM S的功率、 所述 DATA的功率、 所述波束 赋形权值进行波束赋形生成待发送信号。
8、 根据权利要求 7所述的装置, 其中, 所述信道估计模块, 包括: 配 对子模块、 功率配置子模块; 其中,
所述配对子模块,配置为根据 UE的信道估计矩阵对至少两个 UE进行 配对;
所述功率配置子模块, 配置为根据小区导频 CRS所占的每个资源粒子 RE的功率确定 DMRS所占的每个 RE的总功率, 进一步根据导频重配因子 确定每个配对 UE分配的 DMRS的功率。
9、 根据权利要求 7所述的装置, 其中, 所述功率配置子模块, 配置为 根据所述小区导频 CRS所占的每个资源粒子 RE的功率确定 DATA所占的 每个 RE的总功率,进一步根据数据重配因子确定每个配对 UE分配的 DATA 的功率。
10、 根据权利要求 7 所述的装置, 其中, 所述波束赋形模块, 还配置 为根据所述波束赋形权值计算修正波束赋形权值,根据所述 DMRS的功率、 所述 DATA的功率、所述修正波束赋形权值进行波束赋形生成待发送信号。
11、 根据权利要求 10所述的装置, 其中, 所述波束赋形模块, 还配置 为将所述波束赋形权值进行归一化得到所述修正波束赋形权值。
12、 根据权利要求 10所述的装置, 其中, 所述波束赋形模块, 还配置 为将所述波束赋形权值以线性因子进行线性缩放得到所述修正波束赋形权 值。
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