WO2015154407A1 - 离合器装置 - Google Patents

离合器装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015154407A1
WO2015154407A1 PCT/CN2014/088631 CN2014088631W WO2015154407A1 WO 2015154407 A1 WO2015154407 A1 WO 2015154407A1 CN 2014088631 W CN2014088631 W CN 2014088631W WO 2015154407 A1 WO2015154407 A1 WO 2015154407A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sleeve
main shaft
clutch
bearing
sliding sleeve
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2014/088631
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
贺先兵
王海华
周奇
丁俊
徐大军
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SUZHOU BAFANG ELECTRIC MOTOR SCIENCE-TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
Original Assignee
SUZHOU BAFANG ELECTRIC MOTOR SCIENCE-TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SUZHOU BAFANG ELECTRIC MOTOR SCIENCE-TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd filed Critical SUZHOU BAFANG ELECTRIC MOTOR SCIENCE-TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
Priority to EP14888995.9A priority Critical patent/EP3045756A4/en
Publication of WO2015154407A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015154407A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D11/00—Clutches in which the members have interengaging parts
    • F16D11/16—Clutches in which the members have interengaging parts with clutching members movable otherwise than only axially
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62M—RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
    • B62M11/00—Transmissions characterised by the use of interengaging toothed wheels or frictionally-engaging wheels
    • B62M11/04—Transmissions characterised by the use of interengaging toothed wheels or frictionally-engaging wheels of changeable ratio
    • B62M11/14—Transmissions characterised by the use of interengaging toothed wheels or frictionally-engaging wheels of changeable ratio with planetary gears
    • B62M11/16—Transmissions characterised by the use of interengaging toothed wheels or frictionally-engaging wheels of changeable ratio with planetary gears built in, or adjacent to, the ground-wheel hub
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62M—RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
    • B62M6/00—Rider propulsion of wheeled vehicles with additional source of power, e.g. combustion engine or electric motor
    • B62M6/40—Rider propelled cycles with auxiliary electric motor
    • B62M6/60—Rider propelled cycles with auxiliary electric motor power-driven at axle parts
    • B62M6/65—Rider propelled cycles with auxiliary electric motor power-driven at axle parts with axle and driving shaft arranged coaxially
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D21/00—Systems comprising a plurality of actuated clutches
    • F16D21/02—Systems comprising a plurality of actuated clutches for interconnecting three or more shafts or other transmission members in different ways
    • F16D21/04—Systems comprising a plurality of actuated clutches for interconnecting three or more shafts or other transmission members in different ways with a shaft carrying a number of rotatable transmission members, e.g. gears, each of which can be connected to the shaft by a clutching member or members between the shaft and the hub of the transmission member
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2300/00—Special features for couplings or clutches
    • F16D2300/24—Concentric actuation rods, e.g. actuation rods extending concentrically through a shaft

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a clutch, which is especially suitable for use in bicycles and electric bicycles.
  • the conventional common clutch such as a wedge type one-way clutch, generally consists of a clutch inner ring and a clutch outer ring that is unidirectionally locked with the inner ring of the clutch, and the outer ring of the clutch is provided with a clutch gear fixed or integrated with the clutch outer ring. .
  • the clutch gear on the outer ring of the clutch needs to mesh with the external gear to transmit torque.
  • the clutch device comprises a main shaft, wherein the main shaft is assembled with a rotating sleeve through a bearing, and the rotating sleeve is further provided with at least two sleeves that can rotate circumferentially around the rotating sleeve and cannot be axially
  • the moving sleeve gears have different diameters of each of the sleeve gears, and a locking mechanism capable of fixing the two sides together is also arranged between the sleeve and the sleeve gear.
  • the locking mechanism includes a sliding sleeve axially slidably sleeved on the main shaft, and a sliding member for driving the sliding sleeve to axially slide on the main shaft and axially positioning the sliding sleeve on the main shaft a positioning device, the sliding sleeve is located in the rotating sleeve, and a corresponding radial through hole is formed on a portion of the rotating sleeve corresponding to each of the rotating sleeve gears, and the radial through hole is provided with a card rotation a spring piece sleeved on the spring piece, wherein a roller located outside the spring piece is fixedly fixed, and an inner side of the spring piece is disposed in the radial through hole and is radially movable along the radial through hole a ball, the sleeve gear is formed with a matching groove corresponding to the roller, and the sliding sleeve is formed to be capable of resisting the ball along the radi
  • the sliding positioning device comprises a compression spring sleeveed on the main shaft and sandwiched between the main shaft and the sliding sleeve, a central shaft hole opened on the main shaft (1), a thimble arranged in the central shaft hole and connected to the sliding sleeve And a paddle for engaging the thimble for axially moving the thimble in the central shaft hole, the paddle being drivingly coupled to the shifting handle through a shifting line.
  • the slip positioning device is a solenoid valve.
  • a support bearing is disposed between the sliding sleeve and the main shaft, the support bearing has a bearing inner ring and a bearing outer ring that are relatively rotatable, the sliding sleeve is fixed on the outer ring of the bearing, and the inner ring of the bearing is axially slidably Nested on the spindle.
  • a support bearing is disposed between the sliding sleeve and the main shaft, the support bearing has a bearing inner ring and a bearing outer ring that are relatively rotatable, and the sliding sleeve is axially slidably sleeved on the outer ring of the bearing, and The inner ring of the bearing is fixed to the main shaft.
  • a one-way clutch is disposed between the rotating sleeve and the main shaft, the one-way clutch has a clutch inner ring and a clutch outer ring that is unidirectionally locked with the inner ring of the clutch, and the outer ring of the clutch is fixed with a rotating sleeve, the clutch The inner ring is fixed to the main shaft.
  • the invention has the advantages that the clutch device of the invention has a plurality of clutch gears (rotating sleeve gears) of different diameters, and in actual application, the rotary sleeve required for the selection of the locking mechanism can be adjusted according to the needs of the user.
  • the gear and the sleeve are circumferentially fixed to obtain the reduction ratio and output torque desired by the user.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view (partial cross-sectional view) of an electric bicycle hub motor having the clutch device of the present invention, that is, a practical application diagram of the clutch device of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing a partial structure of the clutch device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a second partial schematic view of the clutch device of the present invention.
  • 1-spindle 2-wheel housing, 2a-shell body, 2b-shell end cap, 3-stator, 4-rotor, 5-rotor gear, 6-carrier, 7-planetary, 8-left planetary gear, 9 - Right planetary gear, 10-sun gear, 10a-clutch inner ring, 10b-clutch outer ring, 10c-tooth, 11-turn sleeve, 12-disc, 13-rotor gear, 14-sleeve, 14a- Raised, 15-pin, 16-pin, 17-pressure spring, 18-center shaft hole, 19-ball, 20-assisted planetary gear, 21-planetary one-way clutch.
  • FIG. 1 shows a structure of an electric bicycle hub motor having the clutch device of the present invention, the electric bicycle hub motor including a horizontally disposed main shaft 1 on which a bearing 1 (not shown) is mounted to surround
  • the hub housing 2 which is rotated by the main shaft, is constituted by a housing body 2a and a housing end cover 2b which are fixed to each other.
  • the hub casing 2 is provided with a stator 3, a rotor 4 and a gear reduction mechanism, wherein the stator is fixed on the main shaft 1, which is an outer rotor inner stator structure used in this example.
  • the first major improvement of the electric bicycle hub motor of this embodiment is that the gear reduction mechanism is completely different from the conventional gear reduction mechanism, as follows:
  • the gear reduction mechanism in this example is mainly composed of the rotor gear 5, the carrier 6, the planetary shaft 7, the left planetary gear 8, the right planetary gear 9, and the sun gear 10.
  • the rotor gear 5 is rotatably coaxially sleeved on the main shaft 1, and the rotor gear 5 is fixed to the rotor 4.
  • the bearing (not shown) is further supported between the rotor gear 5 and the main shaft 1.
  • the planet carrier 6 is fixed to the main shaft 1, and the planetary shaft 7 is rotatably passed through the carrier 6 (not shown), and the planetary shaft 7 is arranged in parallel with the main shaft 1.
  • the planet shaft 7 may have one or more, in this case three (only one of the figures is visible).
  • the number of the left planetary gear 8 and the right planetary gear 9 is the same as the number of the planetary shafts 7.
  • the diameter of the left planetary gear 8 is generally larger than that of the right planetary gear 9, the left planetary gear 8, and the right planet.
  • the gears 9 are each fixed (including a fixed manner of integral connection) on the planet shaft 7.
  • the sun gear 10 is rotatably coaxially sleeved on the main shaft 1 and the sun gear 10 is fixed to the hub casing 2.
  • the left planetary gear 8 meshes with the rotor gear 5, and the right planetary gear 9 meshes with the sun gear 10.
  • the motor is energized to rotate the rotor clockwise in the right-view direction of FIG. 1, the rotor 4 drives the rotor gear 5 to rotate clockwise around the main shaft 1, and the rotor gear 5 drives the left planetary gear 8 meshing therewith to rotate counterclockwise.
  • the left planetary gear 8 drives the planetary shaft 7 and the right planetary gear 9 to rotate counterclockwise, and the right planetary gear 9 drives the sun gear 10 meshing therewith to rotate clockwise, and the sun gear 10 drives the fixed hub casing 2 clockwise. Rotate to achieve clockwise rotation of the electric bicycle hub.
  • the gear reduction mechanism of this embodiment can realize multi-stage deceleration of the rotor gear - the left planetary gear, the left planetary gear - the right planetary gear, and the right planetary gear - the sun gear, so that the gear
  • the speed reduction mechanism has a large reduction ratio, which greatly increases the output torque of the motor to the bicycle hub.
  • the sun gear 10 is a one-way clutch.
  • the one-way clutch adopts a conventional structure, and includes a clutch inner ring 10a and a clutch outer ring 10b that is unidirectionally locked with the inner ring of the clutch.
  • the clutch inner ring 10a is fixed to the hub outer casing 2 (and the clutch outer ring 10b is not directly connected to the hub outer casing 2), and the clutch outer ring 10b is formed with gear teeth 10c that mesh with the right planetary gear 9. Only when the clutch outer ring 10b rotates clockwise in the right-view direction of FIG. 1, can the clutch inner ring 10a be rotated clockwise in synchronization with the clutch inner ring 10a in the right-view direction of FIG.
  • the hour hand rotation does not drive the clutch outer ring 10b to rotate.
  • the advantage of the sun gear 10 in adopting this configuration is that when the electric bicycle is slid forward (when the hub shell 2 is rotated clockwise in the right-view direction of Fig. 1), the hub shell 2 does not drive the rotor 4 to rotate, reducing the bicycle. The sliding resistance.
  • the present embodiment also adopts a structure in which the left planetary gear 8 is mounted on the planetary shaft 7 via a planetary gear one-way clutch 21, the planetary gear single
  • the clutch 21 also adopts the conventional structure, which includes a planetary gear inner ring (not shown) and a planetary gear clutch outer ring (not shown) that is unidirectionally locked with the inner ring of the planetary gear clutch, wherein the planet The gear clutch inner ring is fixed to the planetary shaft 7, and the planetary gear clutch outer ring is fixed to the left planetary gear 8. Only when the outer ring of the planetary gear clutch rotates counterclockwise in the right-view direction of FIG. 1, the inner ring of the planetary gear clutch can be driven to rotate counterclockwise, and the inner ring of the planetary gear clutch is right in FIG. Counterclockwise rotation of the viewing direction does not drive the outer ring of the planetary gear clutch to rotate.
  • the second major improvement of the electric bicycle hub motor of this embodiment is that the hub motor also has a multi-speed assist function and a multi-speed internal shift function, which is specifically achieved by:
  • the main shaft 1 is rotatably fitted with a rotating sleeve 11 between the clutch inner ring 10a and the main shaft 1 through a bearing (not shown), and the right end of the rotating sleeve 11 protrudes outside the hub housing 2 and A sprocket wheel 12 is mounted, and the rotator sleeve 11 is further provided with two slewing gears 13 which can rotate circumferentially around the rotating sleeve and cannot move axially.
  • the diameters of the two slewing gears 13 are different, and the rotating sleeve 11 and A locking mechanism capable of fixing the two circumferential directions together is further disposed between the rotating sleeve gears 13, and the planetary shaft 7 is also fixed with a assisting planetary gear 20 meshing with the rotating sleeve gear 13.
  • the number of the sleeve gears 13 is not limited to two, and may be one, three, four, ....
  • the locking mechanism having the above functions may adopt various structures well known in the mechanical field.
  • the locking mechanism adopts the following structure: as shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, it includes A sliding sleeve 14 axially slidably sleeved on the main shaft 1 and a sliding positioning device for driving the sliding sleeve to axially slide on the main shaft and axially positioning the sliding sleeve on the main shaft.
  • the sliding sleeve 14 is located in the rotating sleeve 11, and corresponding radial through holes are formed in the rotating sleeve 11 corresponding to the clutch inner ring 10a and each of the rotating sleeve gears 13.
  • a spring piece 22 is formed on the rotating sleeve 11 , and the spring piece 22 is engaged with a roller 15 on the outer side of the spring piece 22 .
  • the inner side of the spring piece 22 is disposed at the inner side of the spring piece 22 .
  • An engagement groove corresponding to the roller 15 is formed on both the cover gear 13 and the inner clutch ring 10a.
  • the sliding sleeve 14 is formed with a sliding sleeve that can move outwardly along the radial through hole when the sliding sleeve axially slides on the main shaft 1, thereby pressing the spring piece 22 to deform, thereby causing the sliding sleeve 14 to deform.
  • the roller 15 fixed to the spring piece 22 is moved into the engagement groove, and the turn ring gear or the inner ring of the clutch is fixed to the collar 14a in the circumferential direction of the sleeve.
  • the slip positioning device having the above functions may adopt various structures well known in the mechanical field, such as a solenoid valve, and in the present embodiment, the slip positioning device adopts the following structure: it includes sleeves on the main shaft 1. And a compression spring 17 sandwiched between the main shaft 1 and the sliding sleeve 14, a central shaft hole 18 formed in the main shaft 1, a thimble 22 disposed in the central shaft hole 18 and connected to the sliding sleeve 14, and the thimble
  • the contact fit is used for dialing a paddle (not shown) that moves axially in the central shaft hole 18, and the paddle passes through a shifting line (not shown) and on the handlebar of the electric bicycle.
  • the shifting handle (not shown) is connected.
  • the rider can adjust the shifting handle on the handlebar to drive the picking action through the shifting line, and then push the ejector pin 22 along the central shaft hole 18 of the main shaft 1 in FIG.
  • the middle moves to the left, thereby pushing the sliding sleeve 14 to move quantitatively along the main shaft 1; or, under the elastic force of the compression spring 17, the sliding sleeve 14 and the thimble 16 are moved to the right in the center axis hole 18 of the main shaft 1 in FIG.
  • the quantitative movement of the sliding sleeve 14 and the convex ring 14a thereon at a plurality of positions causes the ball 23 at any position on the rotating sleeve 11 (the rider can select itself by controlling the shifting handle) to move radially outward, thereby pressing the chamber
  • the spring piece 22 deforms the spring piece. After the spring piece 22 is deformed, it has a tendency to drive the roller 15 fixed thereon to move outward. Once the rotating sleeve 11 is rotated to the corresponding angular position, the roller 15 partially enters under the deformation elastic force of the spring piece 22.
  • the engaging groove and the other part are still in the rotating sleeve 11, so that the corresponding clutch inner ring 10a or one of the rotating sleeve gears 13 and the rotating sleeve 11 are circumferentially locked and fixed together, of course, we can also specifically set the
  • the slot type of the slot is matched so that the outer ring gear and the outer clutch ring 10b can only be locked together in one direction, and the structural principle is similar to the wedge type one-way clutch, which will not be described herein.
  • the balls 23 which are not in contact with the collar 14a remain in place without moving outward, and the corresponding rollers 15 do not protrude into the engaging grooves, and do not have a circumferential locking function.
  • the rider pedals the pedal of the bicycle to drive the crankset 12 to rotate clockwise in the right-view direction of FIG. 1, and the crankset drives the rotary sleeve 11 and the rotary sleeve gear 13 that is circumferentially locked and fixed with the rotary sleeve 11 or
  • the clutch inner ring 10a rotates clockwise.
  • the swivel gear 13 is capable of applying an additional clockwise torque to the hub shell 2 other than the rotor of the motor through the assisted planetary gear 20 engaged therewith, while the clutch inner ring 10a directly applies an additional force to the hub shell 2 in addition to the rotor of the motor. Clockwise torque.
  • the motor rotor 4 can be assisted to drive the hub shell 2 clockwise. Rotate to manually assist the motor. Since the diameter of each of the sleeve gears 13 is different, when the rider selects the sleeve 11 to be fixed circumferentially with the clutch inner ring 10a or the different sleeve gear 13, the rider's artificial assist force to the hub motor is also Differently, the multi-speed assist function of the hub motor is realized.
  • the rider can also adjust the shifting handle on the handlebar so that the inner clutch ring 10a or one of the rotating sleeve gears 13 is selected and rotated. 11 weeks of locking and fixing.
  • the rider pedals the pedal of the bicycle to drive the crankset 12 to rotate clockwise in the right-view direction of FIG. 1, and the crankset drives the rotary sleeve 11 and the rotary sleeve gear 13 fixed circumferentially with the rotary sleeve 11 or
  • the inner ring 10a of the clutch rotates clockwise, thereby driving the hub casing 2 to rotate clockwise to realize the forward movement of the bicycle.
  • the hub housing 2 can be driven clockwise. If the speed of the rider stepping on the pedal is constant, since the diameter of each of the sleeve gears 13 is different, when the rider selects the sleeve 11 to be circumferentially fixed with the clutch inner ring 10a or the different sleeve gear 13, the hub The rotational speed of the outer casing 2 is also different, that is, the multi-speed internal shifting function of the hub motor is realized.
  • the gear inner ring 10a and the swivel sleeve 11 can be selected to be fixed in the circumferential direction; if the rider pursues the climbing ability of the bicycle, the one with the smallest diameter can be selected. 13 and the fixed position of the turn sleeve 11 circumferential direction.
  • the spindle 1, the rotating sleeve 11, the rotating sleeve gear 13 and the locking mechanism constitute the clutch device of the present invention
  • the clutch device has a plurality of clutch gears having different diameters (ie, the rotation
  • the sleeve gear and the sleeve which are required for the selection of the locking mechanism can be adjusted to be circumferentially fixed to obtain the reduction ratio and the output torque desired by the user.
  • a support bearing (not shown) is disposed between the sliding sleeve 14 and the main shaft 1.
  • the support bearing has a relatively rotatable bearing inner ring and a bearing outer ring (conventional structure of the bearing), and the sliding sleeve 14 is fixed On the outer ring of the bearing, the inner ring of the bearing is sleeved on the main shaft 1 in an axially slidable manner.
  • the one-way clutch inner ring 10a is prevented from being deformed.
  • a support ball 19 is further mounted between the inner ring 10a of the one-way clutch and the rotary sleeve 11.
  • the diameters of the right planetary gear 9 and the assist planetary gear 20 are both smaller than the diameter of the left planetary gear 8.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Operated Clutches (AREA)

Abstract

一种离合器装置，包括主轴（1），所述主轴（1）上通过轴承旋转装配有一个转套（11），转套（11）上还套设有至少两个能够绕转套（11）周向转动而不能轴向移动的转套齿轮（13），每个转套齿轮（13）的直径各不相同，转套（11）和转套齿轮（13）之间上还设置能够将二者周向固定在一起的锁紧机构。该离合器装置具有直径各不相同的多个离合器齿轮，实际应用时，可以根据使用者的需要，选择不同转套齿轮与转套周向固定，以获得使用者想要的减速比和输出力矩。

Description

离合器装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种离合器，尤其适用于自行车、电动自行车中。
背景技术
现有的普通离合器如楔块式单向离合器一般由离合器内圈以及与该离合器内圈单向锁紧的离合器外圈构成，离合器外圈上套设有与之固定或连为一体的离合器齿轮。实际使用时，离合器外圈上的离合器齿轮需要与外界齿轮啮合，以传递转矩。
然而，现有的离合器，由于其离合器外圈上设置的离合器齿轮仅有一个，因此离合器与外界齿轮之间的减速比就是固定不变的，传动力矩不可调。
发明内容
本发明目的是：针对上述问题，提供一种新型离合器装置。
本发明的技术方案是：所述的离合器装置，包括主轴，所述主轴上通过轴承旋转装配有一个转套，转套上还套设有至少两个能够绕转套周向转动而不能轴向移动的转套齿轮，每个转套齿轮的直径各不相同，转套和转套齿轮之间上还设置能够将二者周向固定在一起的锁紧机构。
所述锁紧机构包括可轴向滑动地套设在所述主轴上的滑套、以及用于带动所述滑套在主轴上轴向滑动并能将滑套轴向定位在主轴上的滑移定位装置，所述滑套位于转套内，在所述转套上、对应于每个转套齿轮的部位均开设有相应的径向通孔，所述径向通孔处设置有卡在转套上的弹簧片，所述弹簧片上卡合固定有位于该弹簧片外侧的滚柱，所述弹簧片的内侧布置有位于所述径向通孔中的且能够沿径向通孔径向移动的滚珠，转套齿轮上制有与所述滚柱相对应的契合槽，所述滑套上成型有当滑套在主轴上轴向滑动时能够抵触所述滚珠沿所述径向通孔向外移动、进而压迫所述弹簧片使其发生形变、从而使固定在弹簧片上的滚柱移动至所述契合槽中、而使所述转套齿轮与所述转套周向固定在一起的凸环。
所述滑移定位装置包括套在主轴上且夹在主轴和滑套之间的压簧、主轴（1）上开设的中心轴孔、布置在所述中心轴孔中且与滑套相连的顶针、以及与所述顶针接触配合用于拨动顶针在所述中心轴孔中轴向移动的拨片，所述拨片通过变速线与变速手柄传动连接。
所述滑移定位装置是一个电磁阀。
所述滑套与主轴之间设置有支撑轴承，所述支撑轴承具有可相对转动的轴承内圈和轴承外圈，所述滑套固定在轴承外圈上，而轴承内圈可轴向滑动地套设在所述主轴上。
所述滑套与所述主轴之间设置有支撑轴承，所述支撑轴承具有可相对转动的轴承内圈和轴承外圈，所述滑套可轴向滑动地套设在轴承外圈上，而轴承内圈固定在所述主轴上。
所述转套齿轮共有两个。
所述转套和主轴之间设置有单向离合器，该单向离合器具有离合器内圈以及与该离合器内圈单向锁紧的离合器外圈，所述离合器外圈与转套固定，所述离合器内圈与主轴固定。
本发明的优点是：本发明这种离合器装置具有直径各不相同的多个离合器齿轮（转套齿轮），实际应用时，可以根据使用者的需要，调节锁紧机构选择所需的那个转套齿轮与转套周向固定，以获得使用者想要的减速比和输出力矩。
附图说明
下面结合附图及实施例对本发明作进一步描述：
图1为具有本发明这种离合器装置的电动自行车轮毂电机的结构示意图（局部剖视），也即本发明这种离合器装置的实际应用图；
图2为本发明这种离合器装置的局部结构示意图之一；
图3为本发明这种离合器装置的局部结构示意图之二；
其中： 1-主轴，2-轮毂外壳，2a-外壳本体，2b-外壳端盖，3-定子，4-转子，5-转子齿轮，6-行星架，7-行星轴，8-左行星齿轮，9-右行星齿轮，10-太阳齿轮，10a-离合器内圈，10b-离合器外圈，10c-轮齿，11-转套，12-牙盘，13-转套齿轮，14-滑套，14a-凸起，15-卡销，16-顶针，17-压簧，18-中心轴孔，19-滚珠，20-助力行星齿轮，21-行星轮单向离合器。
具体实施方式
图1出示了一款具有本发明这种离合器装置的电动自行车轮毂电机的结构，该电动自行车轮毂电机包括水平布置的主轴1，该主轴1上通过轴承（图中未标注）安装有可以围绕该主轴旋转的轮毂外壳2，该轮毂外壳2由相互固定的外壳本体2a和外壳端盖2b共同构成。所述轮毂外壳2内设置有定子3、转子4和齿轮减速机构，其中定子固定在主轴1上，本例采用的外转子内定子结构。
本实施例这种电动自行车轮毂电机第一大关键改进点在于所述齿轮减速机构与传统齿轮减速机构的结构完全不同，具体如下：
本例中的齿轮减速机构主要由转子齿轮5、行星架6、行星轴7、左行星齿轮8、右行星齿轮9和太阳齿轮10这些部件构成。其中转子齿轮5可旋转地同轴套设在所述主轴1上，且转子齿轮5与转子4固定，转子齿轮5与主轴1之间还设置有轴承（图中未标注）进行支撑。行星架6固定在主轴1上，行星轴7通过轴承（图中未标注）可转动地穿设在行星架6上，且行星轴7与主轴1平行布置。所述行星轴7可以有一根或多根，本例为三根（图中仅一根可视）。左行星齿轮8和右行星齿轮9的数量与行星轴7的数量相同，为了增大减速比，提高输出力矩，左行星齿轮8的直径一般要大于右行星齿轮9，左行星齿轮8和右行星齿轮9均固定（包括一体连接的固定方式）在行星轴7上。太阳齿轮10可旋转地同轴套设在所述主轴1上，且太阳齿轮10与所述轮毂外壳2固定。左行星齿轮8与转子齿轮5啮合，右行星齿轮9与太阳齿轮10啮合。
工作时，电机通电使转子在图1的右视方向作顺时针转动，转子4带动转子齿轮5围绕主轴1顺时针转动，转子齿轮5再带动与之啮合的左行星齿轮8作逆时针转动，左行星齿轮8又带动行星轴7和右行星齿轮9逆时针转动，右行星齿轮9又带动与之啮合的太阳齿轮10作顺时针转动，太阳齿轮10进而带动与之固定的轮毂外壳2顺时针转动，从而实现电动自行车轮毂的顺时针转动前行。
不难看出，本实施例中的这种齿轮减速机构，可以实现转子齿轮——左行星齿轮、左行星齿轮——右行星齿轮、以及右行星齿轮——太阳齿轮的多级减速，使得该齿轮减速机构具有很大的减速比，大大提高了电机对自行车轮毂的输出力矩。
本实施例中，所述太阳齿轮10是一个单向离合器，该单向离合器采用现有常规结构，其包括离合器内圈10a和与该离合器内圈单向锁紧的离合器外圈10b，其中，离合器内圈10a与所述轮毂外壳2固定（而离合器外圈10b与轮毂外壳2不直接连接），离合器外圈10b上成型有与所述右行星齿轮9啮合的轮齿10c。只有当所述离合器外圈10b在图1的右视方向作顺时针转动时，才能带动离合器内圈10a与之同步作顺时针方向的转动，而离合器内圈10a在图1右视方向的顺时针转动并不会带动离合器外圈10b转动。太阳齿轮10采用这一结构的好处是：当电动自行车向前滑行时（此时轮毂外壳2在图1右视方向顺时针转动），轮毂外壳2并不会带动转子4转动，减小了自行车的滑行阻力。
为了进一步减弱电动自行车向前滑行的阻力，本实施例还采用了如下结构：所述左行星齿轮8是通过一个行星齿轮单向离合器21安装在所述行星轴7上的，所述行星齿轮单向离合器21也采用现有常规结构，其包括行星齿轮离合器内圈（图中未标注）以及与该行星齿轮离合器内圈单向锁紧的行星齿轮离合器外圈（图中未标注），其中行星齿轮离合器内圈与行星轴7固定，而行星齿轮离合器外圈与左行星齿轮8固定。只有当所述行星齿轮离合器外圈在图1右视方向作逆时针转动时，才能带动所述行星齿轮离合器内圈与之同步作逆时针方向的转动，而行星齿轮离合器内圈在图1右视方向的逆时针转动并不会带动行星齿轮离合器外圈转动。
本实施例这种电动自行车轮毂电机的第二大关键改进点在于该轮毂电机还具有多档助力功能和多档内变速功能，具体是这样实现的：
所述主轴1上通过轴承（图中未标注）旋转装配有一个介于所述离合器内圈10a和主轴1之间的转套11，该转套11的右端伸出所述轮毂外壳2外且安装有一牙盘12，转套11上还套设有两个能够绕转套周向转动而不能轴向移动的转套齿轮13，这两个转套齿轮13的直径不同，且转套11和转套齿轮13之间上还设置能够将二者周向固定在一起的锁紧机构，所述行星轴7上还固定有与所述转套齿轮13啮合的助力行星齿轮20。需要说明的是，所述转套齿轮13的个数并不局限为两个，也可以为一个、三个、四个……。
具有上述功能的所述锁紧机构可以采用机械领域所熟知的各种结构，在本实施例中，所述锁紧机构采用了如下结构：参照图1、图2和图3所示，它包括可轴向滑动地套设在所述主轴1上的滑套14、以及用于带动所述滑套在主轴上轴向滑动并能将滑套轴向定位在主轴上的滑移定位装置。所述滑套14位于转套11内，在转套11上、对应于所述离合器内圈10a以及每个转套齿轮13的部位均开设有相应的径向通孔。所述径向通孔处设置有卡在转套11上的弹簧片22，所述弹簧片22上卡合固定有位于该弹簧片外侧的滚柱15，所述弹簧片22的内侧布置有位于所述径向通孔中的且能够沿径向通孔径向移动的滚珠23。所述转套齿轮13和离合器内圈10a上都制有与所述滚柱15相对应的契合槽。所述滑套14上成型有当滑套在主轴1上轴向滑动时能够抵触所述滚珠23沿所述径向通孔向外移动、进而压迫所述弹簧片22使其发生形变、从而使固定在弹簧片22上的滚柱15移动至所述契合槽中、而使所述转套齿轮或离合器内圈与所述转套周向固定在一起的凸环14a。
具有上述功能的所述滑移定位装置可以采用机械领域所熟知的各种结构，如电磁阀，而在本实施例中，所述滑移定位装置采用了如下结构：它包括套在主轴1上且夹在主轴1和滑套14之间的压簧17、主轴1上开设的中心轴孔18、布置在所述中心轴孔18中且与滑套14相连的顶针22、以及与所述顶针接触配合用于拨动顶针在所述中心轴孔18中轴向移动的拨片（图中未画出），所述拨片通过变速线（图中未画出）与电动自行车车把上的变速手柄（图中未画出）传动连接。
当电机通电带动轮毂顺时针转动带动自行车前行时，骑行者可以调动车把上的变速手柄，通过变速线带动拨片动作，拨片再推动顶针22沿主轴1的中心轴孔18在图1中向左移动，从而推动滑套14沿主轴1定量移动；或者，在压簧17的弹力作用下，推动滑套14和顶针16沿主轴1的中心轴孔18在图1中向右移动。通过滑套14及其上的凸环14a在多个位置的定量移动使得转套11上任一位置（骑行者可通过对变速手柄的控制自行选择）的滚珠23向外径向移动，进而压迫所述弹簧片22使弹簧片发生形变。弹簧片22发生形变后具有带动固定在其上的滚柱15向外移动的趋势，一旦转套11转动到相应的角度位置后，滚柱15在弹簧片22的形变弹力作用下就会部分进入所述契合槽中而另一部分任然处于转套11中，这样就使得相应的离合器内圈10a或某一个转套齿轮13与转套11周向锁紧固定在一起，当然我们还可以特别设置所述契合槽的槽型，以让外齿圈与离合器外圈10b只能单向锁紧在一起，其结构原理类似楔块式单向离合器，在此不再赘述。而那些没有与凸环14a相接触的滚珠23则保持原位而不会向外移动，相应的滚柱15也就不会伸入契合槽中，不具有周向锁紧功能。此时骑行者踩踏自行车的脚蹬而带动所述牙盘12在图1右视方向作顺时针旋转，牙盘再带动转套11以及与该转套11周向锁紧固定的那个转套齿轮13或离合器内圈10a作顺时针旋转。其中，转套齿轮13能够通过与之相啮合的那个助力行星齿轮20向轮毂外壳2施加除电机转子以外的额外顺时针扭矩，而离合器内圈10a直接向轮毂外壳2施加除电机转子以外的额外顺时针扭矩。可见，无论是骑行者通过变速手柄选择转套11与离合器内圈10a周向固定，还是选择转套11与某一个转套齿轮13周向固定，都能够协助电机转子4带动轮毂外壳2顺时针转动，对电机进行人工助力。由于每个转套齿轮13的直径都不相同，所以当骑行者选择转套11与离合器内圈10a或不同的转套齿轮13周向固定时，骑行者对该轮毂电机的人工助力大小也就不同，也即实现了该轮毂电机的多档助力功能。
当该轮毂电机断电而使自行车处于断电骑行模式时，同样的道理，骑行者也可以调动车把上的变速手柄，使得离合器内圈10a或某一个转套齿轮13择一与转套11周向锁紧固定。此时骑行者踩踏自行车的脚蹬而带动所述牙盘12在图1右视方向作顺时针旋转，牙盘再带动转套11以及与该转套11周向固定的那个转套齿轮13或离合器内圈10a作顺时针旋转，进而带动轮毂外壳2顺时针转动，实现自行车的前行。可见，无论是骑行者通过变速手柄选择转套11与离合器内圈10a周向固定，还是选择转套11与某一个转套齿轮13周向固定，都能够带动轮毂外壳2顺时针前行。如果骑行者踩踏脚蹬的转速不变，由于每个转套齿轮13的直径各不相同，所以当骑行者选择转套11与离合器内圈10a或不同的转套齿轮13周向固定时，轮毂外壳2的转速也就不同，也即实现了该轮毂电机的多档内变速功能。一般来说，如果骑行者追求自行车的前行速度，可选择变速器内圈10a与转套11周向固定的档位；如果骑行者追求自行车的爬坡能力，可选择直径最小的那个转套齿轮13与转套11周向固定的档位。
可见，所述的主轴1、转套11、转套齿轮13和锁紧机构即构成了本发明所说的离合器装置，该离合器装置具有直径各不相同的多个离合器齿轮（即所述的转套齿轮），实际应用时，可以根据使用者的需要，调节所述锁紧机构选择所需的那个转套齿轮与转套周向固定，以获得使用者想要的减速比和输出力矩。如果想让转套11只能围绕主轴1单向旋转（顺时针或逆时针）而非双向旋转，还可以在转套11和主轴1之间额外加设另外一个单向离合器，转套11和主轴1分别与该另外一个单向离合器的离合器外圈和离合器内圈固定。
为了避免转套11以及转套上的卡销15在作旋转运动时，卡销15与滑套14之间因直接接触和相对运动而产生的高速滑动摩擦，本例还采用了以下结构：所述滑套14与主轴1之间设置有支撑轴承（图中未画出），所述支撑轴承具有可相对转动的轴承内圈和轴承外圈（轴承的常规结构），所述滑套14固定在轴承外圈上，而轴承内圈可轴向滑动地套设在所述主轴1上。当然，我们也可以将所述滑套14轴向滑动地套设在轴承外圈上，而将轴承内圈固定在所述主轴1上，同样能达到上述效果。
为了保证所述太阳齿轮10与轮毂外壳2间的连接强度，防止单向离合器内圈10a变形，本例在所述单向离合器的内圈10a与转套11之间还安装有支撑滚珠19。
本例中，所述右行星齿轮9和助力行星齿轮20的直径均小于所述左行星齿轮8的直径。
本实施例所说的“径向”和“轴向”是以主轴1为参照的。
当然，上述实施例只为说明本发明的技术构思及特点，其目的在于让人们能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施，并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围。凡根据本发明主要技术方案的精神实质所做的等效变换或修饰，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (8)

  1. 1. 一种离合器装置，其特征在于：包括主轴（1），所述主轴（1）上通过轴承旋转装配有一个转套（11），转套（11）上还套设有至少两个能够绕转套周向转动而不能轴向移动的转套齿轮（13），每个转套齿轮（13）的直径各不相同，转套（11）和转套齿轮（13）之间上还设置能够将二者周向固定在一起的锁紧机构。
  2. 2. 根据权利要求1所述的离合器装置，其特征在于：所述锁紧机构包括可轴向滑动地套设在所述主轴（1）上的滑套（14）、以及用于带动所述滑套在主轴上轴向滑动并能将滑套轴向定位在主轴上的滑移定位装置，所述滑套（14）位于转套（11）内，在所述转套（11）上、对应于每个转套齿轮的部位均开设有相应的径向通孔，所述径向通孔处设置有卡在转套（11）上的弹簧片（22），所述弹簧片（22）上卡合固定有位于该弹簧片外侧的滚柱（15），所述弹簧片（22）的内侧布置有位于所述径向通孔中的且能够沿径向通孔径向移动的滚珠（23），转套齿轮（13）上制有与所述滚柱（15）相对应的契合槽，所述滑套（14）上成型有当滑套在主轴（1）上轴向滑动时能够抵触所述滚珠（23）沿所述径向通孔向外移动、进而压迫所述弹簧片（22）使其发生形变、从而使固定在弹簧片（22）上的滚柱（15）移动至所述契合槽中、而使所述转套齿轮（13）与所述转套（11）周向固定在一起的凸环（14a）。
  3. 3. 根据权利要求2所述的离合器装置，其特征在于：所述滑移定位装置包括套在主轴（1）上且夹在主轴（1）和滑套（14）之间的压簧（17）、主轴（1）上开设的中心轴孔（18）、布置在所述中心轴孔（18）中且与滑套（14）相连的顶针、以及与所述顶针接触配合用于拨动顶针在所述中心轴孔（18）中轴向移动的拨片，所述拨片通过变速线与变速手柄传动连接。
  4. 4. 根据权利要求2所述的离合器装置，其特征在于：所述滑移定位装置为电磁阀。
  5. 5. 根据权利要求2或3或4所述的离合器装置，其特征在于：所述滑套（14）与主轴（1）之间设置有支撑轴承，所述支撑轴承具有可相对转动的轴承内圈和轴承外圈，所述滑套（14）固定在轴承外圈上，而轴承内圈可轴向滑动地套设在所述主轴（1）上。
  6. 6. 根据权利要求2或3或4所述的离合器装置，其特征在于：所述滑套（14）与所述主轴之间设置有支撑轴承，所述支撑轴承具有可相对转动的轴承内圈和轴承外圈，所述滑套（14）可轴向滑动地套设在轴承外圈上，而轴承内圈固定在所述主轴（1）上。
  7. 7. 根据权利要求1或2或3或4所述的离合器装置，其特征在于：所述转套齿轮（13）共有两个。
  8. 8. 根据权利要求1或2或3或4所述的离合器装置，其特征在于：所述转套（11）和主轴（1）之间设置有单向离合器，该单向离合器具有离合器内圈以及与该离合器内圈单向锁紧的离合器外圈，所述离合器外圈与转套（11）固定，所述离合器内圈与主轴（1）固定。
PCT/CN2014/088631 2014-04-11 2014-10-15 离合器装置 Ceased WO2015154407A1 (zh)

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