WO2015162911A1 - アルミニウム製クラッド材及びその製造方法、熱交換器用アルミニウム製クラッド材及びその製造方法、ならびに、当該熱交換器用アルミニウム製クラッド材を用いたアルミニウム製熱交換器及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
アルミニウム製クラッド材及びその製造方法、熱交換器用アルミニウム製クラッド材及びその製造方法、ならびに、当該熱交換器用アルミニウム製クラッド材を用いたアルミニウム製熱交換器及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- sacrificial anode
- material layer
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F19/00—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers
- F28F19/02—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers by using coatings, e.g. vitreous or enamel coatings
- F28F19/06—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers by using coatings, e.g. vitreous or enamel coatings of metal
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D15/00—Casting using a mould or core of which a part significant to the process is of high thermal conductivity, e.g. chill casting; Moulds or accessories specially adapted therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/04—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating by means of a rolling mill
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/28—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 950°C
- B23K35/286—Al as the principal constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
- C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/10—Alloys based on aluminium with zinc as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/047—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with magnesium as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/05—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys of the Al-Si-Mg type, i.e. containing silicon and magnesium in approximately equal proportions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/053—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with zinc as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C26/00—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F13/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection
- C23F13/02—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection cathodic; Selection of conditions, parameters or procedures for cathodic protection, e.g. of electrical conditions
- C23F13/06—Constructional parts, or assemblies of cathodic-protection apparatus
- C23F13/08—Electrodes specially adapted for inhibiting corrosion by cathodic protection; Manufacture thereof; Conducting electric current thereto
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F13/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection
- C23F13/02—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection cathodic; Selection of conditions, parameters or procedures for cathodic protection, e.g. of electrical conditions
- C23F13/06—Constructional parts, or assemblies of cathodic-protection apparatus
- C23F13/08—Electrodes specially adapted for inhibiting corrosion by cathodic protection; Manufacture thereof; Conducting electric current thereto
- C23F13/12—Electrodes characterised by the material
- C23F13/14—Material for sacrificial anodes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
- F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
- F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
- F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
- F28D1/0535—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
- F28D1/05366—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
- F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F2201/00—Type of materials to be protected by cathodic protection
- C23F2201/02—Concrete, e.g. reinforced
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2275/00—Fastening; Joining
- F28F2275/04—Fastening; Joining by brazing
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an aluminum clad material excellent in corrosion resistance used for piping of automobiles and various industrial equipment and a manufacturing method thereof, piping of room air conditioners, piping of heat exchangers, radiators, condensers, evaporators and the like mainly automobiles TECHNICAL FIELD
- the present invention relates to an aluminum clad material for a heat exchanger excellent in corrosion resistance used for a heat exchanger for heat treatment and a method for producing the same, and a heat exchanger using the aluminum clad material for heat exchanger and a method for producing the same.
- a tube material or header material for constituting a flow path of a medium such as cooling water is generally made of an Al-Mn alloy such as 3003 alloy as a core material on one side.
- a clad material having a three-layer structure in which a sacrificial anode material layer is clad is widely used.
- Such a tube material is produced by bending a plate-like clad material into a flat tube, and joining the overlapping portions at both ends by brazing or welding. Then, corrugated fins are brazed and joined to the outer surface of the flat tube material, and both end portions of the tube material are brazed and joined to the insertion holes of the header portion to form a heat exchanger core.
- an inner fin may be arrange
- the header material is produced by bending a plate-like clad material into a tubular shape, and joining the end portions by brazing or welding.
- an extruded clad pipe in which a brazing material or a sacrificial material is clad is used.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a cladding material in which a skin layer of an Al-low Si alloy containing 1.5 to 3.0% Si is disposed on at least one side of a core material containing Mn.
- a cladding material in which a skin layer of an Al-low Si alloy containing 1.5 to 3.0% Si is disposed on at least one side of a core material containing Mn.
- Si-based precipitated particles are dispersed in an appropriate size and density in the Al-low Si alloy skin layer by heat treatment after brazing. Due to the precipitation of Si-based precipitated particles, the amount of Si solid solution in the matrix of the Al-low Si alloy skin layer decreases, and the anti-corrosion function is exhibited by making the Al-low Si alloy skin layer baser than the core material. It is described.
- the Si-based precipitated particles are noble, and the Si-based precipitated particles themselves do not have a sacrificial anticorrosive effect. Further, the Si-based precipitated particles accelerate the corrosion rate of the matrix of the Al-low Si alloy skin layer. Furthermore, this clad material may not have sufficient corrosion resistance because Si in the skin material exposed to the corrosive environment is too high.
- Patent Document 4 proposes a brazing sheet that contains an element that generates a noble intermetallic compound from a matrix in an anode sacrificial material, and disperses the noble intermetallic compound from the matrix in an appropriate size and density. .
- the presence of many precious intermetallic compounds as local cathode points in the sacrificial anode material matrix improves the corrosion resistance, but the precious intermetallic compound in the sacrificial anode material matrix increases the corrosion rate, so The anticorrosion effect cannot be obtained in order to make it easier.
- the present invention was made against the background of the above circumstances, and does not contain Zn, or an aluminum clad material provided with a sacrificial anode material layer that can ensure excellent corrosion resistance even if the Zn content is small, and a method for producing the same.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an aluminum clad material for heat exchangers and a method for producing the same, an aluminum heat exchanger using the aluminum clad material for heat exchangers, and a method for producing the same.
- the present inventors pay attention to the surface density of the Mg—Si based crystallized material in the sacrificial anode material layer, and if this is set to a predetermined value or less, a sufficient anticorrosion effect is exhibited. I found. Furthermore, the present inventors paid attention to fine Mg—Si-based precipitates, which are base intermetallic compounds having a lower potential than the matrix in the sacrificial anode material layer. Specifically, even in a state where Zn is not present or the content is low, sufficient corrosion resistance is exhibited by the anticorrosion effect by setting the distribution state of the crystallized substances and precipitates of the predetermined size within a predetermined range. As a result, the present invention has been completed.
- the aluminum clad material according to the present invention is characterized in that an aluminum alloy core material and an sacrificial anode material layer clad on at least one surface of the core material, the sacrificial anode material layer, A circle containing Si: 0.10 mass% or more and less than 1.50 mass%, Mg: 0.10 to 2.00 mass%, comprising the balance Al and inevitable impurities, and existing in the sacrificial anode material layer Mg—Si based crystals having an equivalent diameter of 0.1 to 5.0 ⁇ m are 100 to 150,000 pieces / mm 2 and Mg—Si based crystals having an equivalent circle diameter of more than 5.0 ⁇ m and not more than 10.0 ⁇ m. 7 pieces / mm 2 or less.
- the aluminum clad material according to the present invention is further characterized in that the sacrificial anode material layer has an aluminum alloy of Fe: 0.05 to 1.00 mass%, Ni: 0.05 to 1.00 mass%, Cu: 0. .05 to 1.00 mass%, Mn: 0.05 to 1.50 mass%, Zn: 0.05 to 1.00 mass%, Ti: 0.05 to 0.30 mass%, Zr: 0.05 to 0.30 mass %, Cr: 0.05 to 0.30 mass%, and V: 0.05 to 0.30 mass%.
- Another feature of the aluminum clad material according to the present invention is that a sacrificial anode material layer is clad on one surface of the core material of the aluminum alloy and a brazing material layer is clad on the other surface. .
- Another further feature of the aluminum clad material according to the present invention is that the length is observed in a region having a depth of 5 ⁇ m from the surface of the sacrificial anode material layer after sensitizing treatment at 175 ° C. for 5 hours for observation.
- the reason is that the number of Mg-Si based precipitates of 10 to 1000 nm is 1000 to 100,000 / ⁇ m 3 .
- the aluminum clad material for heat exchanger is characterized in that the sacrificial anode material layer clad on at least one surface of the core material of the aluminum alloy and the sacrificial anode material layer clad on at least one surface of the core material,
- the conductive anode material layer is made of an aluminum alloy containing Si: 0.10 mass% or more and less than 1.50 mass%, Mg: 0.10 to 2.00 mass%, the balance being Al and inevitable impurities, After brazing equivalent heating, (1) Mg concentration on the surface of the sacrificial anode material layer is 0.10 mass% or more and Si concentration is 0.05% mass or more.
- a further feature of the aluminum clad material for heat exchanger according to the present invention is that the sacrificial anode material layer has an aluminum alloy of Fe: 0.05 to 1.00 mass%, Ni: 0.05 to 1.00 mass%, Cu: 0.05 to 1.00 mass%, Mn: 0.05 to 1.50 mass%, Zn: 0.05 to 1.00 mass%, Ti: 0.05 to 0.30 mass%, Zr: 0.05 to One or more selected from 0.30 mass%, Cr: 0.05 to 0.30 mass%, and V: 0.05 to 0.30 mass% are further contained.
- Another feature of the aluminum clad material for heat exchanger according to the present invention is that a sacrificial anode material layer is clad on one surface of the core material of the aluminum alloy, and a brazing material layer is clad on the other surface. There is.
- Another further feature of the aluminum clad material for heat exchangers according to the present invention is that after the brazing equivalent heating, (4) after sensitizing treatment at 175 ° C. for 5 hours from the surface of the sacrificial anode material layer
- the number of Mg—Si based precipitates having a length of 10 to 1000 nm observed in a region having a depth of up to 5 ⁇ m is 1000 to 100,000 / ⁇ m 3 .
- a feature of the method for producing an aluminum clad material according to the present invention is the method for producing an aluminum clad material according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the aluminum alloy for the sacrificial anode material layer is formed. It is to include a semi-continuous casting step of semi-continuous casting at a cooling rate of the ingot surface at 1 ° C./second or more.
- a feature of another method for producing an aluminum clad material according to the present invention is the method for producing an aluminum clad material according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the aluminum for the sacrificial anode material layer is used.
- the hot working of 15% or more is to be performed three times or more.
- Other features of the aluminum clad material manufacturing method and other manufacturing methods according to the present invention include a final heating step of heating the aluminum clad material to 350 ° C. or higher during the manufacturing process, and the final heating step. And a subsequent cooling step of the aluminum clad material, wherein the cooling rate from 350 ° C. to 100 ° C. is 1 to 500 ° C./min.
- Another further feature of the method for producing an aluminum clad material according to the present invention is that the sacrificial anode material ingot is heat-treated at 100 ° C. or higher and lower than 350 ° C. for 5 to 6000 minutes after cooling after the semi-continuous casting step.
- the method further includes a step.
- Another further feature of the aluminum clad material manufacturing method according to the present invention is that it is 100 ° C. or more and 350 ° C. at least after cooling after the semi-continuous casting step and after cooling after the homogenization treatment.
- the method further includes a heat treatment step of the ingot for sacrificial anode layer for less than 5 to 6000 minutes.
- Another feature of the method for producing an aluminum clad material according to the present invention is that at least one of after cooling after the semi-continuous casting process and after cooling after the final heating process is 100 ° C. or more and less than 350 ° C. It further includes a heat treatment step of at least one of the corresponding ingot for sacrificial anode layer and aluminum clad material for ⁇ 6000 minutes.
- Another feature of the other manufacturing method of the aluminum clad material according to the present invention is that after cooling after the semi-continuous casting step, at least after cooling after the homogenization treatment and after cooling after the final heating step.
- the method further includes a heat treatment step of at least one of the corresponding ingot for sacrificial anode layer and the clad made of aluminum at a temperature of 100 ° C. or higher and lower than 350 ° C. for 5 to 6000 minutes.
- a feature of the aluminum heat exchanger according to the present invention is that the aluminum clad material for a heat exchanger according to any one of claims 5 to 8 is used as a tube material for a heat exchanger.
- Another feature of the aluminum heat exchanger according to the present invention is that the aluminum clad material for a heat exchanger according to any one of claims 5 to 8 is used as a header material for a heat exchanger.
- a feature of the method for manufacturing an aluminum heat exchanger according to the present invention is as follows. The step of assembling the aluminum clad material for a heat exchanger according to any one of claims 5 to 8; and the assembled material at 590 to 610 ° C. And a step of cooling the brazed assembly material at a cooling rate from 350 ° C. to 100 ° C. at a cooling rate of 1 to 500 ° C./min.
- the further feature of the method for producing an aluminum heat exchanger according to the present invention is that, following the cooling step, a heat treatment step of 100 to 350 ° C. for 5 to 6000 minutes is further included.
- the aluminum clad material according to the invention, the aluminum clad material for heat exchangers and the aluminum heat exchanger using the same can exhibit good corrosion resistance in various harsh environments.
- the aluminum clad material according to the present invention can be used by disposing a sacrificial anode material layer on the side where corrosion resistance is required. At this time, the sacrificial anode material layer is disposed on one side or both sides. In addition to the two-layer material in which the sacrificial anode material is arranged on one side of the core material and the three-layer material in which the sacrificial anode material is arranged on both sides of the core material, the sacrificial anode material is arranged on one side of the core material and the brazing material is clad on the opposite surface of the core material Three-layer material can also be used.
- the aluminum clad material according to the present invention can be used as a pipe by processing an extruded material or a plate material into a cylindrical shape.
- a sacrificial anode material layer is disposed on at least one of the inner and outer surface sides of the pipe.
- the sacrificial anode material is arranged on one side of the core material and the brazing material is clad on the opposite surface of the core material
- Three-layer piping can also be used.
- the thickness of the sacrificial anode material layer of the aluminum clad material is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10 to 300 ⁇ m.
- the single-sided cladding ratio of the sacrificial anode material layer is preferably 5 to 30%.
- the thickness of the brazing material layer is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10 to 200 ⁇ m.
- the single-sided cladding rate of the brazing material is preferably 5 to 30%.
- the sacrificial anode material layer contains Si: 0.10 mass% (hereinafter simply referred to as “%”) and less than 1.50%, Mg: 0.10 to 2.00%, It consists of aluminum alloy which consists of remainder Al and unavoidable impurities. That is, these Si and Mg are essential elements.
- Si and Mg form a Mg—Si based crystallized product and a fine Mg—Si based precipitate mainly composed of Mg and Si in the sacrificial anode material layer.
- the Mg—Si based crystallized product is crystallized at the time of casting.
- the Mg—Si-based precipitate is precipitated during sensitizing treatment at room temperature and further at 175 ° C. for 5 hours during cooling during material production.
- the Mg—Si-based crystallized product is Mg 2 Si in which Mg and Si are basically composed of an atomic number ratio of 2: 1.
- the ternary composition of Mg—Si—Fe, Mg—Si—Cu is also included. Since the pitting potential is lower than that of the matrix, it is preferentially dissolved. Therefore, the sacrificial anticorrosive effect can be expressed without using Zn by using an appropriate distribution.
- the Mg—Si based precipitate is a needle-like ⁇ ′′ phase (Mg 2 Si), and when Cu is added, it has the same shape Q ′′ phase (Al—Mg—Si—Cu). is there. Since the Mg—Si-based precipitates are preferentially dissolved because the pitting potential is lower than that of the matrix, the sacrificial anticorrosive effect can be expressed without using a large amount of Zn by setting an appropriate distribution. Further, the Mg—Si based precipitate also has a function of preferentially eluting Mg at the time of dissolution to form a Si concentrated layer on the surface, thereby further improving the corrosion resistance.
- the Si content and the Mg content When at least one of the Si content and the Mg content is less than 0.10%, the sacrificial anti-corrosion effect due to the small amount of Mg—Si based crystals and Mg—Si based precipitates of a predetermined size In addition, the effect of forming the Si concentrated layer cannot be sufficiently obtained. Since melting
- the Si content of the sacrificial anode material layer is specified to be 0.10% or more and less than 1.50%, and the Mg content is specified to be 0.10 to 2.00%.
- a preferable Si content is 0.20 to 1.00%, and a preferable Mg content is 0.30 to 1.00%.
- the amount of Si and the amount of Mg it is important to control not only the amount of addition but also the ratio of Mg and Si in order to exert the sacrificial anticorrosive effect by the Mg-Si based crystallized substance and the Mg-Si based precipitate. is there.
- the Mg—Si based crystallized product and the Mg—Si based precipitate are formed only of Mg and Si, they become Mg 2 Si, and the atomic number ratio of Mg / Si is 2.
- the mass% ratio is 0.18.
- Mg / Si is a value exceeding 0.18 in mass% ratio.
- the aluminum alloy of the sacrificial anode material layer has, as selective additive elements, Fe: 0.05 to 1.00 mass%, Ni: 0.05 to 1.00%, Cu: 0.05 to 1.00%, Mn: 0 .05 to 1.50%, Zn: 0.05 to 1.00%, Ti: 0.05 to 0.30%, Zr: 0.05 to 0.30%, Cr: 0.05 to 0.30 % And V: It is preferable to further contain one or more selected from 0.05 to 0.30%.
- Fe and Ni contribute to the improvement of corrosion resistance. These elements have the effect of increasing the corrosion rate of Al. However, when the Fe-based compound and Ni-based compound are uniformly distributed, the corrosion is dispersed, and as a result, the penetration life is improved. If the content of Fe and Ni is less than 0.05%, the effect of improving the penetrating life is insufficient. On the other hand, if the content of Fe and Ni exceeds 1.00%, the increase in corrosion rate becomes significant. From the above, the contents of Fe and Ni are each preferably 0.05 to 1.00%, and more preferably 0.10 to 0.50%.
- the Mg—Si based precipitate becomes a Q ′′ phase (Al—Mg—Si—Cu), and this precipitate can be dispersed more finely.
- the Cu content is preferably 0.05% or more. However, when the Cu content exceeds 1.00%, the increase in corrosion rate becomes significant. As described above, the Cu content is preferably 0.05 to 1.00%, and more preferably 0.10 to 0.50%.
- the Mn crystallizes or precipitates as an Al—Mn intermetallic compound and contributes to improvement in strength.
- the Al—Mn-based intermetallic compound takes in Fe, it has a function of suppressing an increase in corrosion rate due to Fe as an inevitable impurity and Fe added for the purpose of improving corrosion resistance.
- the Mn content is preferably 0.05% or more.
- the Mn content is preferably 0.05 to 1.50%, and more preferably 0.10 to 1.00%.
- Zn does not need to be contained, and when it is contained, even if the content is as small as 0.05 to 1.00%, the action of the above-mentioned Mg-Si based crystallized substances and precipitates. Excellent corrosion resistance can be obtained. If the Zn content exceeds 1.00%, the corrosion rate increases and the sacrificial layer disappears early.
- Ti, Zr, Cr and V contribute to the improvement of corrosion resistance, particularly pitting corrosion resistance.
- Ti, Zr, Cr, and V added to the aluminum alloy are divided into a high concentration region and a low concentration region, and they are alternately distributed in the thickness direction of the sacrificial anode material layer. .
- the low-concentration region corrodes preferentially over the high-concentration region, and the corrosion form becomes layered.
- the corrosion along the thickness direction of the sacrificial anode material layer is partially slowed, and the progress of the corrosion is suppressed as a whole and the pitting corrosion resistance is improved.
- the content of each of Ti, Zr, Cr, and V is 0.05% or more.
- the contents of Ti, Zr, Cr, and V are each preferably 0.05 to 0.30%, and more preferably 0.10 to 0.20%.
- Na, Ca, Fe (when not added as a selective additive element) and the like are inevitably contained in each case as 0.05% or less in total, and a total of 0. Even if it contains 15% or less, the action of the sacrificial anode material layer is not impaired.
- the core material of the aluminum clad material according to the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is an aluminum material.
- the aluminum material means pure aluminum and an aluminum alloy. Pure aluminum is aluminum having a purity of 99% or more, and examples thereof include 1000 series aluminum materials. Examples of the aluminum alloy include Al—Cu (2000), Al—Mn (3000), Al—Si (4000), Al—Mg (5000), Al—Mg—Si (6000). Type) and Al—Mg—Zn type (7000 type) aluminum materials are preferably used.
- the aluminum material used for the brazing material layer is not particularly limited, but an Al-Si based brazing material used in normal brazing is preferably used.
- Al-Si based brazing material used in normal brazing is preferably used.
- Al-7 to 13% Si aluminum alloys (Al-7 to 13% Si) of JIS 4343, 4045, and 4047.
- the sacrificial anode material layer of the aluminum clad material according to the present invention has a Mg—Si based crystal having a circle equivalent diameter of 0.1 to 5.0 ⁇ m. distillate of 100 to 150,000 / mm 2 as a surface density, the circle equivalent diameter 5.0 ⁇ m to exceed 10.0 ⁇ m following Mg-Si based crystallized matter exists 7 / m 2 or less.
- the Mg—Si based crystallized product is basically composed of Mg and Si in an atomic number ratio of 2: 1.
- the sacrificial anode material layer contains Fe or Cu as a selective additive element, in addition to Mg 2 Si, the ternary composition of Mg—Si—Fe, Mg—Si—Cu Also included is a quaternary composition of Mg—Si—Fe—Cu.
- the effect as the above-described sacrificial anticorrosive layer can be exhibited by defining the surface density of the Mg—Si-based crystallized material present in the sacrificial anode material layer within a predetermined range. . Since Mg—Si based crystals are distributed in a form close to a sphere, the size can be defined as a circle equivalent diameter. Usually, the size of the Mg—Si based crystallized substance present in the sacrificial anode material layer is 0.1 to 10 ⁇ m as the equivalent circle diameter.
- the equivalent circle diameter of the crystallized substance that can exhibit the effect as the sacrificial anticorrosive layer is 0.1 to 5.0 ⁇ m, and the surface density of the crystallized substance of this size is 100 to 150,000 pieces / mm 2. And it turned out to be necessary. If the surface density is less than 100 / mm 2 , the sacrificial anticorrosive effect is not sufficient, and if it exceeds 150,000 / mm 2 , the corrosion rate is too high and the corrosion resistance is lowered. A preferable range of the surface density is 100 to 100,000 / mm 2 . Since the equivalent circle diameters of less than 0.1 ⁇ m and more than 10 ⁇ m do not exist, they were excluded.
- the crystallized product having a circle equivalent diameter of more than 5.0 ⁇ m and 10 ⁇ m or less greatly reduces the sacrificial anticorrosion function due to the concentration of corrosion on the crystallized product.
- the surface density of the crystallized material having this size needs to be 7 pieces / mm 2 or less in order to prevent the sacrificial anticorrosive function from being greatly lowered.
- the surface density is preferably 5 pieces / mm 2 or less, and most preferably 0 pieces / mm 2 .
- the surface density of the Mg—Si based crystallized substance is measured by observing an arbitrary portion of the sacrificial anode material layer with a microscope. For example, an arbitrary cross section along the thickness direction or a cross section parallel to the plate surface is observed. From the viewpoint of simplicity, it is preferable to measure an arbitrary cross section along the thickness direction.
- the surface density is defined as an arithmetic average value of measured values at a plurality of locations.
- volume density of Mg—Si based precipitates in the sacrificial anode material layer The volume density of fine Mg—Si based precipitates present in the sacrificial anode material layer is defined within a predetermined range.
- the present inventors have found that the sacrificial anode material layer of the aluminum clad material according to the present invention exhibits a sacrificial anticorrosive effect even though it does not contain Zn or is very small. This suggests that the sacrificial anode material layer has a base phase and a product that are lower than the base material.
- Mg—Si-based precipitates that are difficult to see with a microscope are the cause of the sacrificial anticorrosive effect.
- Such Mg—Si-based precipitates were difficult to see with a microscope such as TEM, but by performing sensitization treatment at 175 ° C. for 5 hours, needle-shaped Mg—Si having a size that can be easily observed with a microscope. System precipitates were observed. This is considered to be because the very fine Mg—Si based precipitates originally existed greatly grown by the sensitization treatment. Since the Mg—Si based precipitates are distributed in a needle shape, the size can be defined as the length of the long side.
- acicular Mg—Si-based precipitation having a length of 10 to 1000 nm observed in a region having a depth of 5 ⁇ m from the sacrificial anode material surface after the above-described sensitization treatment. It was found that there is a correlation between the volume density of objects and the sacrificial anticorrosive effect. According to the analysis by the present inventors, the original length of such fine Mg—Si-based precipitates before sensitization is estimated to be several nm to 50 nm. Due to heat input during material production, Mg and Si in the sacrificial anode material diffuse into the core material.
- this fine Mg—Si based precipitate is also present in the core material in which Mg and Si are diffused, and exhibits sacrificial anticorrosive action.
- the reason why the volume density in the depth region from the surface to 5 ⁇ m is defined is that the surface layer portion is the portion with the highest Mg and Si concentration, and the portion that exhibits the sacrificial anticorrosive action in the thickness direction.
- the volume density of the Mg—Si-based precipitates can be arbitrarily selected from a plurality of TEM images of about 500,000 times on a 100-side surface of a test piece having a thickness of about 100 to 200 nm manufactured by FIB (Focused Ion Beam) (5 to 10).
- Location Photographed, measured the number of needle-like precipitates with a length of 10 to 1000 nm deposited in 3 directions along 100 directions in a region from the surface to a depth of 5 ⁇ m, and divided by the measurement volume. The density of each measurement location was determined. And the arithmetic average value of several places was made into the density distribution of the sample.
- Aluminum clad material for heat exchanger 2-1 Structure An example in which the aluminum clad material for a heat exchanger according to the present invention is used for a tube material for a heat exchanger is shown in FIG.
- a three-layer clad plate 10 in which a sacrificial anode material layer 2 is clad on one surface of a core material 1 and a brazing material layer 3 is clad on the other surface is formed into a tube material 4.
- the clad plate 10 is formed in a flat shape so that the sacrificial anode material layer 2 side becomes a surface exposed to the external environment, that is, the outer side of the tube material 4 becomes the outer surface 4A.
- the inside of the flat tube having the brazing filler metal layer 3 as an inner surface serves as a flow path for a medium such as cooling water used in the heat exchanger.
- the sacrificial anode material layer 2 may be formed on the inner surface of the tube, and the brazing material layer 3 may be formed on the outer surface 4A of the tube material.
- a two-layer clad plate of sacrificial anode material layer / core material (the sacrificial anode material layer may be either the inner surface or the outer surface of the tube material) or a three-layer clad plate of sacrificial anode material layer / heart material / sacrificial anode material layer It may be used to constitute a tube material.
- FIG. 2 shows an example in which the aluminum clad material for a heat exchanger according to the present invention is used for a header material for a heat exchanger.
- a three-layer clad plate in which a sacrificial anode material layer 2 is clad on the outer surface of the core material 1 and a brazing material layer 3 is clad on the inner surface
- a two-layer clad plate in which the sacrificial anode material layer 2 is clad on the outer surface of the core material 1 are combined.
- the header is formed.
- a sacrificial anode material disposed on the inner surface side of the core material may be used for both the three-layer clad plate and the two-layer clad plate.
- FIG. 3 shows another example in which the aluminum clad material for a heat exchanger according to the present invention is used for a header material for a heat exchanger.
- the header material is a double-layer clad tube made of extruded material in which the sacrificial anode material layer 2 is clad on the outer surface of the core material 1.
- the sacrificial anode material 2 may be disposed on the inner surface side of the core material 1.
- a sacrificial anode material layer / core material / brazing material layer three-layer clad tube (the sacrificial anode material layer may be either an inner surface or an outer surface) or a sacrificial anode material layer / heart material / sacrificial anode material layer three-layer clad tube It is also good.
- the thickness of the sacrificial anode material layer of the aluminum clad material for heat exchangers is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10 to 300 ⁇ m.
- the single-sided cladding ratio of the sacrificial anode material layer is preferably 5 to 30%.
- the thickness of the brazing material layer is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10 to 200 ⁇ m.
- the single-sided cladding rate of the brazing material is preferably 5 to 30%.
- the sacrificial anode material layer contains Si: 0.10% or more and less than 1.50%, Mg: 0.10 to 2.00%, and an aluminum alloy composed of the balance Al and inevitable impurities Consists of. That is, these Si and Mg are essential elements.
- Si and Mg form a Mg—Si based crystallized product and a fine Mg—Si based precipitate mainly composed of Mg and Si in the sacrificial anode material layer.
- the Mg—Si based crystallized product is crystallized at the time of casting.
- the Mg—Si-based precipitate what was distributed before brazing is once dissolved by brazing and re-precipitated during cooling after brazing. Further, it is also precipitated in the sensitization treatment at room temperature and 175 ° C. for 5 hours.
- the Mg—Si-based crystallized product is Mg 2 Si in which Mg and Si are basically composed of an atomic number ratio of 2: 1.
- the ternary composition of Mg—Si—Fe, Mg—Si—Cu is also included. Since the pitting potential is lower than that of the matrix, it is preferentially dissolved. Therefore, the sacrificial anticorrosive effect can be expressed without using Zn by using an appropriate distribution.
- the Mg—Si based precipitate is a needle-like ⁇ ′′ phase (Mg 2 Si), and when Cu is added, it has the same shape Q ′′ phase (Al—Mg—Si—Cu). is there. Since the Mg—Si-based precipitates are preferentially dissolved because the pitting potential is lower than that of the matrix, the sacrificial anticorrosive effect can be expressed without using a large amount of Zn by setting an appropriate distribution. Further, the Mg—Si based precipitate also has a function of preferentially eluting Mg at the time of dissolution to form a Si concentrated layer on the surface, thereby further improving the corrosion resistance.
- the Si content and the Mg content When at least one of the Si content and the Mg content is less than 0.10%, the sacrificial anti-corrosion effect due to the small amount of Mg—Si based crystals and Mg—Si based precipitates of a predetermined size In addition, the effect of forming the Si concentrated layer cannot be sufficiently obtained. Since melting
- the Si content of the sacrificial anode material layer is specified to be 0.10% or more and less than 1.50%, and the Mg content is specified to be 0.10 to 2.00%.
- a preferable Si content is 0.20 to 1.00%, and a preferable Mg content is 0.30 to 1.00%.
- the amount of Si and the amount of Mg it is important to control not only the amount of addition but also the ratio of Mg and Si in order to exert the sacrificial anticorrosive effect by the Mg-Si based crystallized substance and the Mg-Si based precipitate. is there.
- the Mg—Si based crystallized product and the Mg—Si based precipitate are formed only of Mg and Si, they become Mg 2 Si, and the atomic number ratio of Mg / Si is 2.
- the mass% ratio is 0.18.
- Mg / Si is a value exceeding 0.18 in mass% ratio.
- the aluminum alloy of the sacrificial anode material layer has, as selective additive elements, Fe: 0.05 to 1.00%, Ni: 0.05 to 1.00%, Cu: 0.05 to 1.00%, Mn: 0 .05 to 1.50%, Zn: 0.05 to 1.00%, Ti: 0.05 to 0.30%, Zr: 0.05 to 0.30%, Cr: 0.05 to 0.30 % And V: It is preferable to further contain one or more selected from 0.05 to 0.30%.
- Fe and Ni contribute to the improvement of corrosion resistance. These elements have the effect of increasing the corrosion rate of Al. However, when the Fe-based compound and Ni-based compound are uniformly distributed, the corrosion is dispersed, and as a result, the penetration life is improved. If the content of Fe and Ni is less than 0.05%, the effect of improving the penetrating life is insufficient. On the other hand, if the content of Fe and Ni exceeds 1.00%, the increase in corrosion rate becomes significant. Accordingly, the content of Fe and Ni is preferably 0.05 to 1.00%, more preferably 0.10 to 0.50%.
- the Mg—Si based precipitate becomes a Q ′′ phase (Al—Mg—Si—Cu), and this precipitate can be dispersed more finely.
- the Cu content is preferably 0.05% or more. However, when the Cu content exceeds 1.00%, the increase in corrosion rate becomes significant. As described above, the Cu content is preferably 0.05 to 1.00%, and more preferably 0.10 to 0.50%.
- the Mn crystallizes or precipitates as an Al—Mn intermetallic compound and contributes to improvement in strength.
- the Al—Mn-based intermetallic compound takes in Fe, it has a function of suppressing an increase in corrosion rate due to Fe as an inevitable impurity and Fe added for the purpose of improving corrosion resistance.
- the Mn content is preferably 0.05% or more.
- the Mn content is preferably 0.05 to 1.50%, and more preferably 0.10 to 1.00%.
- Zn does not need to be contained, and when it is contained, even if the content is as small as 0.05 to 1.00%, the action of the above-mentioned Mg-Si based crystallized substances and precipitates. Excellent corrosion resistance can be obtained. If the Zn content exceeds 1.00%, the corrosion rate increases and the sacrificial layer disappears early.
- Ti, Zr, Cr and V contribute to the improvement of corrosion resistance, particularly pitting corrosion resistance.
- Ti, Zr, Cr, and V added to the aluminum alloy are divided into a high concentration region and a low concentration region, and they are alternately distributed in the thickness direction of the sacrificial anode material layer. .
- the low-concentration region corrodes preferentially over the high-concentration region, and the corrosion form becomes layered.
- the corrosion along the thickness direction of the sacrificial anode material layer is partially slowed, and the progress of the corrosion is suppressed as a whole and the pitting corrosion resistance is improved.
- the content of Ti, Zr, Cr, V is preferably 0.05% or more.
- the content of Ti, Zr, Cr, and V exceeds 0.30%, a coarse compound may be generated during casting, which may impair manufacturability. Accordingly, the content of Ti, Zr, Cr, and V is preferably 0.05 to 0.30%, and more preferably 0.10 to 0.20%.
- Na, Ca, Fe when not added as a selective additive element, etc., alone as inevitable impurities, 0.05% or less alone, 0.15 in total % Or less does not impair the function of the sacrificial anode material layer.
- the core material of the aluminum clad material according to the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is an aluminum material.
- the aluminum material means pure aluminum and an aluminum alloy. Pure aluminum is aluminum having a purity of 99% or more, and examples thereof include 1000 series aluminum materials. Examples of the aluminum alloy include Al—Cu (2000), Al—Mn (3000), Al—Si (4000), Al—Mg (5000), Al—Mg—Si (6000). Type) and Al—Mg—Zn type (7000 type) aluminum materials are preferably used.
- the aluminum material used for the brazing material layer is not particularly limited, but an Al-Si based brazing material used in normal brazing is preferably used.
- Al-Si based brazing material used in normal brazing is preferably used.
- Al-7 to 13% Si aluminum alloys (Al-7 to 13% Si) of JIS 4343, 4045, and 4047.
- Mg—Si based crystallized material present in the sacrificial anode material layer
- the sacrificial anode material layer of the aluminum clad material for heat exchanger according to the present invention has an equivalent circle diameter of 0.1 after brazing equivalent heating.
- the Mg—Si based crystallized product is basically composed of Mg and Si in an atomic number ratio of 2: 1.
- the sacrificial anode material layer contains Fe or Cu as a selective additive element, in addition to Mg 2 Si, the ternary composition of Mg—Si—Fe, Mg—Si—Cu Also included is a quaternary composition of Mg—Si—Fe—Cu.
- the above-described sacrificial anticorrosive layer is obtained by defining the surface density of the Mg—Si based crystallized substance existing in the sacrificial anode material layer within a predetermined range after brazing equivalent heating. It was found that the effect can be demonstrated. Since Mg—Si based crystals are distributed in a form close to a sphere, the size can be defined as a circle equivalent diameter. Usually, the size of the Mg—Si based crystallized substance present in the sacrificial anode material layer is 0.1 to 10 ⁇ m as the equivalent circle diameter.
- the equivalent circle diameter of the crystallized substance that can exhibit the effect as the sacrificial anticorrosive layer is 0.1 to 5.0 ⁇ m, and the surface density of the crystallized substance of this size is 100 to 150,000 pieces / mm 2. And it turned out to be necessary. If the surface density is less than 100 / mm 2 , the sacrificial anticorrosive effect is not sufficient, and if it exceeds 150,000 / mm 2 , the corrosion rate is too high and the corrosion resistance is lowered. A preferable range of the surface density is 100 to 100,000 / mm 2 . Since the equivalent circle diameters of less than 0.1 ⁇ m and more than 10 ⁇ m do not exist, they were excluded.
- the crystallized product having a circle equivalent diameter of more than 5.0 ⁇ m and 10 ⁇ m or less greatly reduces the sacrificial anticorrosion function due to the concentration of corrosion on the crystallized product.
- the surface density of the crystallized material having this size needs to be 7 pieces / mm 2 or less in order to prevent the sacrificial anticorrosive function from being greatly lowered.
- the surface density is preferably 5 pieces / mm 2 or less, and most preferably 0 pieces / mm 2 .
- the surface density of the Mg—Si based crystallized substance is measured by observing an arbitrary portion of the sacrificial anode material layer under a microscope after brazing equivalent heating. For example, an arbitrary cross section along the thickness direction or a cross section parallel to the plate surface is observed. From the viewpoint of simplicity, it is preferable to measure an arbitrary cross section along the thickness direction.
- the surface density is defined as an arithmetic average value of measured values at a plurality of locations.
- the Mg concentration is 0.10% or more, and The Si concentration needs to be 0.05% or more.
- the fine Mg—Si-based precipitates are deposited in a predetermined range from the surface of the sacrificial anode material layer after brazing to improve the corrosion resistance. Such fine Mg—Si System precipitates form during cooling after the brazing heat.
- the Mg concentration on the surface of the sacrificial anode material layer after brazing is 0.10% or more and the Si concentration is 0.05% or more. is necessary.
- the Mg concentration is less than 0.10% or the Si concentration is less than 0.05%, a sufficient amount of fine Mg—Si-based precipitates are not generated and the effect of improving the corrosion resistance cannot be obtained.
- the upper limits of the Mg concentration and the Si concentration depend on the Mg content and the Si content of the aluminum alloy used for the sacrificial anode material layer, but the Mg concentration is 1.0% or less and the Si concentration is 1. It is preferably 0% or less.
- the sacrificial anode material layer surface refers to a range from the surface to 10 ⁇ m in the depth direction.
- both Mg and Si exist from the surface of the sacrificial anode material layer to a region having a depth of 30 ⁇ m or more.
- the depth region where Mg is present is the distance from the surface of the sacrificial anode material where the Mg concentration is 0.10% or more, and the depth region where Si is present is that the Si concentration is 0.05% or more.
- the distance from the surface of the sacrificial anode material is less than 30 ⁇ m from the surface of the sacrificial anode material, the region from the surface on which fine Mg—Si based precipitates can be deposited is small.
- the depth region is not particularly limited as long as it is 30 ⁇ m or more from the surface of the sacrificial anode material, but it is preferably 3/4 or less of the plate thickness from the viewpoint of the role of the sacrificial anticorrosive layer.
- volume density of Mg-Si-based precipitates in the sacrificial anode material layer The volume density of fine Mg-Si-based precipitates existing in a predetermined depth region from the surface of the sacrificial anode material layer after heating corresponding to brazing is within a predetermined range. Stipulate.
- the present inventors have found that the sacrificial anode material layer of the clad material of the aluminum heat exchanger according to the present invention exhibits a sacrificial anticorrosive effect even though it does not contain Zn or is very small. This suggests that the sacrificial anode material layer has a base phase and a product that are lower than the base material.
- Mg—Si-based precipitates that are difficult to see with a microscope are the cause of the sacrificial anticorrosive effect.
- Such Mg—Si-based precipitates are difficult to visually recognize with a microscope such as TEM, but a needle-shaped Mg—Si-based particle having a size that can be easily observed with a microscope by performing sensitization treatment at 175 ° C. for 5 hours. Precipitates were observed. This is considered to be because the very fine Mg—Si based precipitates originally existed greatly grown by the sensitization treatment. Since the Mg—Si based precipitates are distributed in a needle shape, the size can be defined as the length of the long side.
- this fine Mg—Si-based precipitate is also present in the core material in which Mg and Si diffuse after heating corresponding to brazing, and exhibits sacrificial anticorrosive action.
- the reason why the volume density in the depth region from the surface to 5 ⁇ m is defined is that the surface layer portion is the portion with the highest Mg and Si concentration, and the portion that exhibits the sacrificial anticorrosive action in the thickness direction.
- the volume density of the Mg—Si-based precipitates can be arbitrarily selected from a plurality of TEM images of about 500,000 times on a 100-side surface of a test piece having a thickness of about 100 to 200 nm manufactured by FIB (Focused Ion Beam) (5 to 10).
- Location Photographed, measured the number of needle-like precipitates with a length of 10 to 1000 nm deposited in 3 directions along 100 directions in a region from the surface to a depth of 5 ⁇ m, and divided by the measurement volume. The density of each measurement location was determined. And the arithmetic average value of several places was made into the density distribution of the sample.
- an aluminum clad material according to the present invention and a method for producing an aluminum clad material for a heat exchanger will be described. These manufacturing methods are common, and an embodiment (first embodiment) including a semi-continuous casting process in which an aluminum alloy of a sacrificial anode material is semi-continuously cast at a cooling rate of an ingot surface of 1 ° C./second or more.
- first embodiment including a semi-continuous casting process in which an aluminum alloy of a sacrificial anode material is semi-continuously cast at a cooling rate of an ingot surface of 1 ° C./second or more.
- the cooling rate on the ingot surface of the sacrificial anode material is defined as 1 ° C./second or more, the sacrificial anode material homogenization process is not required.
- the first aspect may be a second aspect that further includes a homogenization treatment step in which heat treatment is performed at a temperature of 400 to 480 ° C. for 1 hour or more as an essential step.
- a final heating step for heating the clad material to a temperature within a predetermined range and a cooling step following this final heating step may be further provided as necessary.
- the heat treatment process of the sacrificial anode material ingot under predetermined conditions, and the cooling after the cooling after the semi-continuous casting process and following the final heating process after the cooling after the semi-continuous casting process, the heat treatment process of the sacrificial anode material ingot under predetermined conditions, and the cooling after the cooling after the semi-continuous casting process and following the final heating process.
- a heat treatment step of at least one of the corresponding ingot for sacrificial anode layer and aluminum clad material under a predetermined condition may be provided.
- at least one of the cooling after the semi-continuous casting process and the cooling after the homogenization treatment, the heat treatment process of the ingot for the sacrificial anode layer under a predetermined condition, and the semi-continuous casting process Heat treatment step of at least one of the corresponding ingot for sacrificial anode layer and aluminum clad material under predetermined conditions at least one of after cooling after homogenization treatment and after cooling after the final heating step May be provided.
- Ingot surface cooling rate in the semi-continuous casting process the cooling rate of the aluminum alloy ingot surface of the sacrificial anode material is set to 1 ° C / second or more. When the cooling rate is less than 1 ° C./second, coarse Mg—Si based crystals are generated in the sacrificial anode material, and an appropriate distribution of Mg—Si based crystals cannot be obtained.
- the upper limit value of the cooling rate is not particularly specified, but is set to 50 ° C./second in the present invention.
- the cooling rate can be calculated from the dendrite arm spacing by observing the ingot structure (Reference: “Aluminum and dendrite arm spacing and measuring method of cooling rate” by the Institute of Light Metals, Japan).
- the ingot surface refers to a range from the outermost surface to 30 mm.
- the ingot of the sacrificial anode material cast in the semi-continuous casting step is preferably subjected to a homogenization treatment in which heat treatment is performed at a temperature of 400 to 480 ° C for 1 hour or longer.
- a homogenization treatment in which heat treatment is performed at a temperature of 400 to 480 ° C for 1 hour or longer.
- the metal structure of the sacrificial anode material can be made uniform, and fine Mg—Si based crystallized substances can be re-dissolved. If the heat treatment temperature is less than 400 ° C. or if the heat treatment time is less than 1 hour, the effect of homogenizing the metal structure and the effect of re-dissolving fine Mg—Si-based crystals cannot be obtained sufficiently.
- the Mg—Si based crystallized product may grow coarsely.
- the upper limit of heat processing time is not specifically limited, From an economical viewpoint etc., it is preferable to set it as 20 hours or less.
- (A-1) Core Material The core material of the clad plate is cast by a DC casting method or the like according to a conventional method.
- the ingot of the core material is subjected to homogenization treatment and chamfering as necessary to obtain a predetermined plate thickness, or is further subjected to hot rolling or cold rolling to a predetermined plate thickness.
- (B-1) Brazing material layer The brazing material of the clad material is cast by a semi-continuous casting method or the like according to a conventional method.
- the ingot of the brazing material is subjected to chamfering, hot rolling, and cold rolling as necessary to obtain a rolled plate having a predetermined thickness.
- (C-1) Combining step
- a sacrificial anode material is disposed on one side of the core ingot, and in the case of a three-layer clad plate, the sacrificial anode material ingot or brazing material is disposed on the other side. Arrange the ingots further and combine them.
- the combined plate is subjected to a heating step for heating and holding before the hot rolling step which is a hot working step.
- the heating and holding temperature is 400 to 530 ° C. and the holding time is about 0 to 15 hours.
- the holding time of 0 hour means that the process immediately moves to the hot rolling process after reaching a predetermined temperature.
- the heating and holding temperature is lower than 400 ° C., there may be a portion where clad bonding is not generated and blow holes may be generated.
- the heating holding temperature exceeds 530 ° C. or the holding time exceeds 15 hours, an oxide film may grow and a healthy clad material may not be obtained.
- (E-1) Hot rolling step In the hot rolling step, which is a hot working step, at least one hot rolling at a working rate of 50% or higher at 380 ° C or higher is performed, or a processing rate of 15 at 380 ° C or higher. % Or more of hot rolling is preferably performed three times or more.
- the processing rate is ⁇ (S0 ⁇ S1) / when the cross-sectional area along the thickness direction of the plate material before rolling is S0 and the same cross-sectional area after rolling is S1 in each hot rolling. S0) ⁇ ⁇ 100.
- Mg—Si based crystallization with an equivalent circle diameter of more than 5.0 ⁇ m and less than 10 ⁇ m Objects can be crushed and their number reduced.
- the processing rate of this at least one hot rolling is less than 50%, the above effect may not be obtained.
- the processing rate of this at least one hot rolling is preferably 70% or more. In this embodiment, (1) when hot rolling at a processing rate of 50% or more is performed only once, (2) when hot rolling at a processing rate of 50% or more is performed twice or more, (3) In the above (1) or (2), the case where the hot rolling at a processing rate of 15% or more and less than 50% is further performed once or twice or more is included.
- Mg-Si based crystallization with an equivalent circle diameter of more than 5.0 ⁇ m and less than 10 ⁇ m is also achieved.
- Objects can be crushed and their number reduced.
- the processing rate in this embodiment is preferably 15% or more and less than 50%. That is, it is preferable to perform hot rolling at a relatively small processing rate three times or more.
- the number of hot rolling operations in this mode is determined by the relationship with the final processing rate (determined before and after the entire hot rolling process) based on each processing rate, but from the viewpoint of productivity and economy, the number of times of hot rolling is 6 times. The upper limit is preferable.
- each processing rate when each processing rate is less than 15% and the number of hot rolling is 2 or less, the above effect may not be obtained.
- the processing rate in each hot rolling 3 times or more may be the same or different.
- the temperature in both aspects shall be 380 degreeC or more, favorable hot rolling cannot be performed at the temperature of less than this.
- a preferred temperature is 400 or higher.
- the upper limit of the temperature is preferably 530 ° C. because if the temperature exceeds 530 ° C., an oxide film may grow and a healthy clad material may not be obtained.
- (F-1) Process after Hot Rolling Process The combined sheet subjected to the hot rolling process is further subjected to cold rolling to obtain a clad sheet having a predetermined final thickness. Note that intermediate annealing may be performed during or before cold rolling. If necessary, final annealing may be further performed.
- (A-2) Core material The core material of the clad tube is cast by a DC casting method or the like according to a conventional method.
- the ingot of the core material is subjected to homogenization treatment and chamfering as necessary to obtain a predetermined plate thickness, or is further subjected to hot rolling or cold rolling to a predetermined plate thickness.
- (B-2) Brazing material layer The brazing material of the clad tube is cast by a semi-continuous casting method or the like according to a conventional method.
- the ingot of the brazing material is subjected to chamfering, hot rolling, and cold rolling as necessary to obtain a rolled plate having a predetermined thickness.
- C-2 Combining step
- a sacrificial anode material ingot is arranged on one of the inner surface or the outer surface of the core material ingot, and in the case of a three-layer clad tube, the sacrificial anode material ingot is on the other side.
- an ingot for brazing material is further arranged and combined to form a billet.
- the billet is subjected to a heating step for heating and holding before the hot extrusion step, which is a hot working step.
- the heating and holding temperature is 400 to 530 ° C. and the holding time is about 0 to 15 hours.
- the holding time of 0 hour means that the process proceeds to the hot extrusion molding process immediately after reaching the predetermined temperature.
- the heating and holding temperature is lower than 400 ° C., there may be a portion where clad bonding is not generated and blow holes may be generated.
- the heating and holding temperature exceeds 530 ° C. or the holding time exceeds 15 hours, an oxide film may grow and a sound clad tube may not be obtained.
- Hot extrusion molding process In the hot extrusion molding process that is a hot working process, at least one hot extrusion molding at a processing rate of 50% or higher at 380 ° C or higher is performed, or at 380 ° C or higher. It is preferable to perform hot extrusion molding at a processing rate of 15% or more three times or more.
- the processing rate is ⁇ (S0 ⁇ ) when the cross-sectional area along the thickness direction of the tube material before extrusion molding is S0 and the cross-sectional area after extrusion molding is S1 in each hot extrusion molding. S1) / S0) ⁇ ⁇ 100.
- an Mg—Si crystal having an equivalent circle diameter of more than 5.0 ⁇ m and 10 ⁇ m or less by performing at least one hot extrusion molding at a processing rate of 50% or higher at 380 ° C. or higher, an Mg—Si crystal having an equivalent circle diameter of more than 5.0 ⁇ m and 10 ⁇ m or less.
- the product can be crushed and its number reduced.
- the processing rate of this at least one hot extrusion molding is less than 50%, the above effect may not be obtained.
- the processing rate of this at least one hot extrusion molding is preferably 70% or more.
- an Mg—Si based crystal having an equivalent circle diameter of more than 5.0 ⁇ m and not more than 10 ⁇ m. The product can be crushed and its number reduced.
- the processing rate in this embodiment is preferably 15% or more and less than 50%.
- the number of hot extrusion moldings in this embodiment is determined by the relationship with the final processing rate (determined before and after full hot rolling extrusion molding) based on each processing rate, but from the viewpoint of productivity and economy.
- the upper limit is preferably 6 times. In this aspect, when each processing rate is less than 15% and the number of hot extrusion molding is 2 or less, the above effect may not be obtained.
- the processing rate in each hot extrusion molding three times or more may be the same or different.
- the temperature in both aspects shall be 380 degreeC or more, good hot extrusion molding cannot be performed at the temperature of less than this.
- a preferred temperature is 400 or higher.
- the upper limit of the temperature is preferably 530 ° C. because if the temperature exceeds 530 ° C., an oxide film may grow and a healthy clad material may not be obtained.
- the final heating for heating the aluminum alloy clad material to 350 ° C. or higher during the production process in the cooling step that includes the steps and follows the final heating step, the cooling rate from 350 ° C. to 100 ° C. is preferably 1 to 500 ° C./min.
- the range of the cooling temperature was limited to 350 ° C. to 100 ° C.
- cooling rate is less than 1 ° C./min, precipitation of Mg—Si based precipitates may proceed excessively, and an appropriate distribution density of Mg—Si based precipitates may not be obtained.
- the cooling rate exceeds 500 ° C./min, the amount of Mg—Si based precipitates may be reduced.
- the final heating step of 350 ° C. or higher in the manufacturing process may be a hot rolling step or an annealing step when the clad material is a plate material, and may be an extrusion molding step or an annealing step in the case of an extruded material. Good. Further, instead of these steps, a final heating step of 350 ° C. or higher may be separately provided.
- the temperature is 100 ° C. or higher and 350 ° C. 100 ° C. or higher and 350 ° C. at least one of the heat treatment step of the sacrificial anode material ingot at a temperature lower than 5 ° C. for 5 to 6000 minutes, and the cooling after the semi-continuous casting step and the cooling subsequent to the final heating step.
- the sacrificial anode layer may be used at a temperature of 100 ° C. or higher and lower than 350 ° C. for 5 to 6000 minutes after cooling after the semi-continuous casting step and after cooling after the homogenization treatment. 5 to 6000 minutes at 100 ° C. or more and less than 350 ° C.
- At least one of the heat treatment step of the ingot, the cooling after the semi-continuous casting step, the cooling after the homogenization treatment, and the cooling following the final heating step It is preferable to provide a heat treatment step of at least one of the corresponding ingot for sacrificial anode layer and aluminum clad material under the above conditions.
- This heat treatment process precipitates Mg—Si-based precipitates and further enhances the sacrificial anticorrosion function. If the temperature of this heat treatment step is less than 100 ° C. or the holding time is less than 5 minutes, the effect of precipitation of Mg—Si based precipitates may not be sufficiently obtained. On the other hand, when the temperature of the heat treatment step is 350 ° C. or higher or the holding time exceeds 6000 minutes, the Mg—Si based precipitates are redissolved, and the prescribed distribution of Mg—Si based precipitates is It may not be obtained. By setting the temperature of this heat treatment step to 150 ° C. or higher, a desired amount of Mg—Si based precipitate can be deposited in a short heat treatment time. When the heat treatment temperature is 100 ° C. or higher and lower than 150 ° C., a longer heat treatment time can cause more Mg—Si based precipitates to be deposited, and the sacrificial anticorrosive effect can be enhanced.
- the aluminum clad material for a heat exchanger according to the present invention is suitably used as a heat exchanger member such as a tube material, a header material, and a fin material, particularly as a tube material and a header material that are required to be thin. Further, the aluminum clad material according to the present invention can be used as a member for various pipes, and also as a heat exchanger member such as a tube material, a header material, and a fin material.
- Aluminum heat exchanger 4-1 Structure
- the aluminum heat exchanger according to the present invention uses the aluminum clad material as a member.
- an aluminum clad material for a heat exchanger according to the present invention (a core material 1 clad with a sacrificial anode material 2) is bent and a tube material for flowing a medium such as cooling water ( Usually used as a flat tube).
- a fin material (not shown) for heat radiation is arranged on the outer surface of the tube material, both end portions of the tube are attached to a header plate (not shown), and each of these members is attached. Manufactured by brazing.
- the aluminum clad material for a heat exchanger according to the present invention may also be used for these fin material and / or header plate.
- inner fins (which may use the aluminum clad material for heat exchanger according to the present invention) may be arranged and joined to the inner surface of the tube material. It should be noted that after joining the clad material to the tube material, joining of the overlapping portions at both ends, joining of the fin material and the outer surface of the tube material, joining of both ends of the tube material and the header plate, and joining of the inner fin are usually performed once. They are joined simultaneously by heat.
- the aluminum heat exchanger according to the present invention is assembled, for example, by disposing a fin material on the outer surface of a tube material having both end portions attached to a header plate. Subsequently, the both ends overlapping part of the tube material, the fin material and the tube material outer surface, the both ends of the tube material and the header plate are simultaneously joined by one brazing heating.
- an inner fin may be arrange
- brazing method used in the present invention a method using a fluoride-based flux in a nitrogen atmosphere (such as Nocolok brazing method), or an aluminum material surface by Mg contained in the material in a vacuum or nitrogen atmosphere It is preferable to use a method (vacuum brazing, fluxless brazing) of reducing and destroying the oxide film.
- Brazing is usually performed by heating at a temperature of 590 to 610 ° C. for 2 to 10 minutes, preferably at a temperature of 590 to 610 ° C. for 2 to 6 minutes. If the heating time is less than 590 ° C. or the heating time is less than 2 minutes, brazing failure may occur. On the other hand, when the heating time exceeds 610 ° C. or the heating time exceeds 10 minutes, the member may be melted.
- Cooling rate after brazing The cooling rate in the cooling step after brazing is preferably from 1 to 500 ° C./min from 350 ° C. to 100 ° C. This temperature range was limited because Mg—Si based precipitates distributed before brazing were once dissolved by brazing, and Mg—Si based between 350 ° C. and 100 ° C. during cooling after brazing. This is because precipitation of precipitates occurs. If the cooling rate is less than 1 ° C./min, precipitation of Mg—Si based precipitates may proceed excessively, and an appropriate distribution density of Mg—Si based precipitates may not be obtained. On the other hand, if the cooling rate exceeds 500 ° C./min, the amount of Mg—Si based precipitates may be reduced.
- Heat treatment after brazing It is preferable to further include a heat treatment step of 100 to 350 ° C. for 5 to 6000 minutes following the cooling step after brazing.
- the reason for limiting to this heat treatment temperature is that Mg—Si-based precipitates are deposited within this temperature range, and the sacrificial anticorrosive function is exhibited.
- this heat treatment step it is preferable to perform reheating after cooling to room temperature after brazing. If the temperature of this heat treatment step is less than 100 ° C. or the holding time is less than 5 minutes, the effect of precipitation of Mg—Si based precipitates may not be sufficiently obtained. On the other hand, when the temperature of the heat treatment step is 350 ° C.
- the Mg—Si based precipitates are redissolved, and the prescribed distribution of Mg—Si based precipitates It may not be obtained.
- the temperature of this heat treatment step By setting the temperature of this heat treatment step to 150 ° C. or higher, a desired amount of Mg—Si based precipitate can be deposited in a short heat treatment time.
- the heat treatment temperature is 100 ° C. or higher and lower than 150 ° C., a longer heat treatment time can cause more Mg—Si based precipitates to be deposited, and the sacrificial anticorrosive effect can be enhanced.
- the 1st Example of the aluminum alloy clad material of this invention is shown.
- the aluminum alloy clad material was a two-layer clad tube of extruded material as shown in FIG.
- An alloy having the composition shown in Tables 1 and 2 was used for the sacrificial anode material layer. These alloys were cast by the semi-continuous casting method at the ingot surface cooling rate shown in Table 6 and chamfered, and then homogenized as shown in Table 6.
- An alloy having a composition shown in Table 3 was used as the core material. These core alloys were cast by a semi-continuous casting method. The ingot for the core material was homogenized at 520 ° C.
- a billet was prepared by overlapping the ingot for sacrificial anode material layer on one side of the ingot for core material and combining them as shown in Tables 4 and 5.
- SWAAT is performed as the corrosion resistance evaluation, as shown in FIG. 1, the sacrificial anode material 2 is arranged on the outer surface of the core material 1 and this outer surface is used as the corrosion resistance evaluation surface.
- a sacrificial anode material is disposed on the inner surface instead of the structure of FIG. 1 and this inner surface is used as a corrosion resistance evaluation surface.
- C50 and C51 in Table 5 a three-layer clad material in which a sacrificial anode material was clad on the opposite side to the evaluation was used.
- the outer surface was used as the corrosion resistance evaluation surface by the SWAAT test, and the inner surface was used as the corrosion resistance evaluation surface by the circulation cycle test.
- the clad rate on the surface opposite to the evaluation in Tables 4 and 5 was also 10%.
- “-” indicates a case where it is contained as an impurity of 0.04% or less, or a case where it is less than the measurement limit where measurement as an impurity is difficult.
- the final heating process that is 350 ° C. or higher in the manufacturing process is a hot extrusion molding process, and in X6-10, it is an annealing process at 500 ° C. for 2 hours. is there.
- each processing rate is 15% or more and the maximum forming rate is 40% (3 times, X2; first time: 15%, second time: 25%, third time: 40%), when each extrusion rate is 15% or more and the maximum processing rate is 60% (X4, first time: 20%, second time: 60%), and each processing rate Is 15% or more and the maximum processing rate is 18% (4 times: X7, 1st time: 15%, 2nd time: 15%, 3rd time: 15%, 4th time: 18%) ) And three times of extrusion molding each processing rate is 15% or more and the maximum processing rate is 25% (X9, first time: 15%, second Eyes: 20%, third time: 25%), it includes the case where the processing rate is performed once extruded with 10% (X11) is.
- the surface density of 1 to 5.0 ⁇ m and more than 5.0 ⁇ m and 10.0 ⁇ m or less was measured, and the arithmetic average value of 5 fields of view was obtained. Assuming a circle having the same area as the cross-sectional area of the target Mg—Si-based crystallized material, the diameter was taken as the equivalent circle diameter.
- the volume density of the Mg—Si based precipitate having a length of 10 to 1000 nm of the two-layer and three-layer clad extrusion tubes (before sensitization treatment) is The volume density (after sensitizing treatment) of the Mg—Si based precipitates having a length of 10 to 1000 nm was measured after the sensitizing treatment at 175 ° C. for 5 hours after the production.
- a test piece having a thickness of about 100 to 200 nm was fabricated from the depth portion from the surface of the sacrificial anode material to 5 ⁇ m by FIB (Focused Ion Beam).
- Needle-like precipitates precipitated in three directions along 100 surfaces of the aluminum matrix of the sample piece were arbitrarily observed at five locations using a transmission electron microscope (TEM) at a magnification of 500,000 times. In the image of each location, the number of acicular Mg—Si based precipitates having a length of 10 to 1000 nm was measured. Further, the number of needle-like precipitates perpendicular to the needle-like precipitates (the needle-like ones appear to be point-like because they are observed from the front) is also measured, and these are counted as the number of needle-like precipitates. The total was divided by the measured volume to obtain the volume density of the Mg—Si based precipitate at each observation location.
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- the arithmetic average value of the volume density at each observation location was calculated and used as the volume density of the Mg—Si based precipitate in the sample.
- the reason why the number of point-like precipitates (which look point-like as the needle-like one is observed from the front) is also summed up is as follows. That is, acicular Mg—Si-based precipitates are similarly deposited in three directions along the 100 plane in the aluminum matrix, and the precipitates that look like dots satisfy a length of 10 to 1000 nm when viewed from a right angle direction. there is a possibility.
- Mg—Si-based precipitates with a length of less than 10 nm are difficult to observe with a transmission electron microscope (TEM) and cannot be clearly recognized and measured as a point even when viewed from the front. Needle-like Mg—Si-based precipitates having a length exceeding 1000 nm have been excluded from the measurement because the diameter exceeds 100 nm when viewed from the front. In addition, when the Mg—Si crystallized substance was seen as a point, the diameter was 200 nm or more, and it was excluded from the measurement.
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- (C) SWAAT test As an evaluation of the corrosion resistance of the two-layer and three-layer clad extrusion pipes, SWAAT according to ASTM G85 was used for 1500 hours, which simulated the atmospheric exposure environment, using the above samples. After the SWAAT test, the corrosion product on the surface of the test piece was removed and the corrosion depth was measured. The number of measurement points was 10, and the maximum value was taken as the corrosion depth. The case where the corrosion depth was less than 70 ⁇ m was determined to be excellent, the case where the corrosion depth was 70 ⁇ m or more and 90 ⁇ m or less was determined to be good, and the case where the corrosion depth exceeded 90 ⁇ m or the case where it penetrated was determined to be defective. In addition, masking was performed on portions other than the test surface so that the test aqueous solution was not touched.
- Tables 10 to 13 show the evaluation results of the above (a) to (d).
- the equivalent circle diameter existing in the sacrificial anode material layer is 0.1 to 5.0 ⁇ m and more than 5.0 ⁇ m to 10.0 ⁇ m or less.
- the Mg—Si based crystallized product had a specified surface density, and the evaluation results of the SWAAT test and the circulation cycle test were good.
- Table 13 in Comparative Examples 1-1 to 1-19, good evaluation results were not obtained.
- the ingot heat treatment conditions of the sacrificial anode material in Inventive Examples 1-51 and 52 do not satisfy the homogenization treatment conditions of the second aspect of the manufacturing method but satisfy the provisions of the first aspect. It was set as the example of this invention.
- the ingot heat treatment conditions of the sacrificial anode material in Comparative Example 1-19 described later are not preferable in the first aspect of the manufacturing method, and do not satisfy the homogenization treatment conditions of the second aspect. It was set as an example of the present invention. Such ingot heat treatment conditions are the same in the second to fourth embodiments described later.
- Comparative Example 1-1 the content of Si in the sacrificial anode material layer was small. As a result, the surface density of the Mg—Si-based crystallized substance having an equivalent circle diameter of 0.1 to 5.0 ⁇ m present in the sacrificial anode material layer was small. Therefore, the corrosion resistance was lowered, and corrosion that became defective in the SWAAT test and the circulation cycle test occurred.
- the sacrificial anode material layer had a high Si content.
- the surface density of the Mg—Si based crystallized material having an equivalent circle diameter of 0.1 to 5.0 ⁇ m present in the sacrificial anode material layer was large.
- the cooling rate from 350 ° C. to 100 ° C. was slow.
- the corrosion resistance was lowered, and corrosion that became defective in the SWAAT test and the circulation cycle test occurred.
- precipitation of the Mg—Si based precipitate was promoted, and the volume density of the Mg—Si based precipitate having a length of 10 to 1000 nm after the sensitization treatment was increased.
- Comparative Example 1-3 the Si content of the sacrificial anode material layer was large. As a result, the surface density of the Mg—Si based crystallized material having an equivalent circle diameter of 0.1 to 5.0 ⁇ m present in the sacrificial anode material layer was large. Therefore, the corrosion resistance was lowered, and corrosion that became defective in the SWAAT test and the circulation cycle test occurred.
- the sacrificial anode material layer had a high Si content.
- the surface density of the Mg—Si based crystallized material having an equivalent circle diameter of 0.1 to 5.0 ⁇ m present in the sacrificial anode material layer was large.
- the corrosion resistance was lowered, and corrosion that became defective in the SWAAT test and the circulation cycle test occurred.
- the cooling step following hot extrusion which is the final heating step of 350 ° C. or higher during the manufacturing process, the cooling rate from 350 ° C. to 100 ° C. was high. Therefore, precipitation of Mg—Si based precipitates was suppressed, and the volume density of Mg—Si based precipitates having a length of 10 to 1000 nm after the sensitization treatment was also lowered.
- the sacrificial anode material layer had a very high Si content. As a result, the melting point of the sacrificial anode layer was lowered, the sacrificial anode material was melted during material production, and subsequent evaluation was impossible.
- Comparative Example 1-8 the content of Mg in the sacrificial anode material layer was small. As a result, the surface density of the Mg—Si-based crystallized substance having an equivalent circle diameter of 0.1 to 5.0 ⁇ m present in the sacrificial anode material layer was small. Therefore, the corrosion resistance was lowered, and corrosion that became defective in the SWAAT test and the circulation cycle test occurred.
- Comparative Example 1-9 the content of Mg in the sacrificial anode material layer was large. As a result, a thick oxide film was formed on the surface of the sacrificial anode material at the time of material production, and the pressure bonding at the time of cladding was poor, and subsequent evaluation was impossible.
- the aluminum alloy clad material was a two-layer clad plate of a rolled material in which a sacrificial anode material 2 was disposed on the outer surface of the core material 1 as shown in FIG.
- a sacrificial anode material 2 was disposed on the outer surface of the core material 1 as shown in FIG.
- alloys having the compositions shown in Tables 1 and 2 were used. These alloys were cast by the semi-continuous casting method at the ingot surface cooling rate shown in Table 6 and chamfered, and then homogenized as shown in Table 6.
- An alloy having a composition shown in Table 3 was used as the core material.
- These core alloys were cast by a semi-continuous casting method.
- the ingot for the core material was homogenized at 520 ° C. for 6 hours and chamfered to a predetermined thickness.
- the plate thickness of the sacrificial anode material layer ingot and the thickness of the core material ingot after chamfering were adjusted so that the clad rate of the sacrificial anode material layer was 10%.
- the sacrificial anode material layer ingot was overlapped on one side of the core material ingot and combined as shown in Tables 4 and 5.
- SWAAT is performed as the corrosion resistance evaluation, as shown in FIG. 4, the sacrificial anode material 2 is disposed on the outer surface, and this outer surface is used as the corrosion resistance evaluation surface.
- FIG. 4 11 is an electric sewing joint part.
- a sacrificial anode material is arranged on the inner surface instead of the structure of FIG. 4 and this inner surface is used as a corrosion resistance evaluation surface.
- C50 and C51 in Table 5 a three-layer clad plate in which a sacrificial anode material was also clad on the opposite side surface to be evaluated was used.
- the outer surface was used as the corrosion resistance evaluation surface by the SWAAT test
- the inner surface was used as the corrosion resistance evaluation surface by the circulation cycle test.
- the clad rate on the surface opposite to the evaluation in Tables 4 and 5 was also set to 10%.
- the superposed product was heat-treated up to 520 ° C. before the hot rolling forming step, and immediately hot-rolled to obtain a 2-layer and 3-layer clad plate having a thickness of 3.5 mm.
- the obtained clad plate was cooled at a rate described in Tables X1 to 5 and 11 and cooled at a rate of 10 ° C./min in X6 to 10.
- the clad plate was cold-rolled to 1.0 mm.
- X6 to 10 in Table 7 were annealed at 500 ° C. for 2 hours. Then, it cooled at the speed of each description shown in Table 7. Further, cold rolling was performed to obtain an overall thickness of 0.80 mm.
- the final heating step that is 350 ° C. or higher in the manufacturing process is a hot rolling step, and in X6 to 10, it is an annealing step at 500 ° C. for 2 hours.
- Table 8 shows the heat treatment process of the clad plate after cooling following the final heating process.
- Tables 14 to 17 show the evaluation results of the above (a) to (d).
- the equivalent circle diameter existing in the sacrificial anode material layer is 0.1 to 5.0 ⁇ m and more than 5.0 ⁇ m to 10.0 ⁇ m or less.
- the Mg—Si based crystallized product had a specified surface density, and the evaluation results of the SWAAT test and the circulation cycle test were good.
- Table 17 in Comparative Examples 2-1 to 2-19, good evaluation results were not obtained.
- the heat treatment process after cooling did not satisfy the predetermined condition, so that the precipitation effect of the Mg—Si-based precipitates was improved compared to that satisfying the condition.
- the sacrificial anti-corrosion function based is inferior.
- Comparative Example 2-1 the content of Si in the sacrificial anode material layer was small. As a result, the surface density of the Mg—Si-based crystallized substance having an equivalent circle diameter of 0.1 to 5.0 ⁇ m present in the sacrificial anode material layer was small. Therefore, the corrosion resistance was lowered, and corrosion that became defective in the SWAAT test and the circulation cycle test occurred.
- the sacrificial anode material layer had a high Si content.
- the surface density of the Mg—Si based crystallized material having an equivalent circle diameter of 0.1 to 5.0 ⁇ m present in the sacrificial anode material layer was large. Therefore, the corrosion resistance was lowered, and corrosion that became defective in the SWAAT test and the circulation cycle test occurred.
- the sacrificial anode material layer had a high Si content.
- the surface density of the Mg—Si based crystallized material having an equivalent circle diameter of 0.1 to 5.0 ⁇ m present in the sacrificial anode material layer was large.
- the corrosion resistance was lowered, and corrosion that became defective in the SWAAT test and the circulation cycle test occurred.
- the cooling rate from 350 ° C. to 100 ° C. was high. Therefore, precipitation of Mg—Si based precipitates was suppressed, and the volume density of Mg—Si based precipitates having a length of 10 to 1000 nm after the sensitization treatment was also lowered.
- Comparative Example 2-7 the content of Si in the sacrificial anode material layer was very large. As a result, the melting point of the sacrificial anode layer was lowered, the sacrificial anode material was melted during material production, and subsequent evaluation was impossible.
- Comparative Example 2-8 the content of Mg in the sacrificial anode material layer was small. As a result, the surface density of the Mg—Si-based crystallized substance having an equivalent circle diameter of 0.1 to 5.0 ⁇ m present in the sacrificial anode material layer was small. Therefore, the corrosion resistance was lowered, and corrosion that became defective in the SWAAT test and the circulation cycle test occurred.
- Invention Examples 3-1 to 3-61 and Comparative Examples 3-1 to 3-24 3rd Example about the heat exchanger which used the aluminum alloy clad material of this invention as a tube is shown.
- the aluminum alloy clad material was a two-layer clad plate of a rolled material in which a sacrificial anode material 2 was disposed on the outer surface of the core material 1 as shown in FIG.
- alloys having the compositions shown in Tables 1 and 2 were used. These alloys were cast by the semi-continuous casting method at the ingot surface cooling rate shown in Table 6 and chamfered, and then homogenized as shown in Table 6.
- An alloy having a composition shown in Table 3 was used as the core material.
- These core alloys were cast by a semi-continuous casting method.
- the ingot for the core material was homogenized at 520 ° C. for 6 hours and chamfered to a predetermined thickness.
- the plate thickness of the sacrificial anode material layer ingot and the thickness of the core material ingot after chamfering were adjusted so that the clad rate of the sacrificial anode material layer was 10%.
- the sacrificial anode material layer ingot was overlapped on one side of the core material ingot and combined as shown in Tables 4 and 5.
- SWAAT is performed as the corrosion resistance evaluation, as shown in FIG. 4, a sacrificial anode material is disposed on the outer surface, and this outer surface is used as the corrosion resistance evaluation surface.
- a sacrificial anode material is arranged on the inner surface instead of the structure of FIG. 4 and this inner surface is used as a corrosion resistance evaluation surface.
- a three-layer clad plate in which a sacrificial anode material was also clad on the opposite side surface to be evaluated was used.
- the outer surface was used as the corrosion resistance evaluation surface by the SWAAT test
- the inner surface was used as the corrosion resistance evaluation surface by the circulation cycle test.
- the clad rate on the surface opposite to the evaluation in Tables 4 and 5 was 10%.
- the superposed product was heat-treated up to 520 ° C. before the hot rolling forming step, and immediately hot-rolled to obtain a 2-layer and 3-layer clad plate having a thickness of 3.5 mm.
- the obtained clad plate was cooled at a rate described in Tables X1 to 5 and 11 and cooled at a rate of 10 ° C./min in X6 to 10.
- the clad plate was cold-rolled to 0.30 mm.
- X6 to 10 in Table 7 were annealed at 500 ° C. for 2 hours. Then, it cooled at the speed of each description shown in Table 7. Further, cold rolling was performed to obtain an overall thickness of 0.20 mm.
- the final heating step that is 350 ° C. or higher in the manufacturing process is a hot rolling step, and in X6 to 10, it is an annealing step at 500 ° C. for 2 hours.
- a tube material having a flat cross section as shown in FIG. 4 was formed, and the butt portions at both ends were electro-welded.
- ten flat tube materials were produced.
- the fin material 5 was combined with the outer surface of the flat tube material 4, and the header plate 8 was combined with the both ends of the flat tube material 4.
- a three-layer clad material in which JIS 4343 alloy was clad at a single-side clad rate of 10% on both sides of JIS 3003 alloy and rolled to a thickness of 0.06 mm was used.
- Tables 18 to 21 show the evaluation results of (a) to (e).
- the equivalent circle diameter existing in the sacrificial anode material layer is 0.1 to 5.0 ⁇ m and more than 5.0 ⁇ m to 10.0 ⁇ m or less.
- the Mg—Si based crystallized product had a specified surface density, and the evaluation results of the SWAAT test and the circulation cycle test were good.
- Table 21 in Comparative Examples 3-1 to 3-24, good evaluation results were not obtained.
- Comparative Example 3-1 the area where both Mg and Si existed after brazing equivalent heating was less than 30 ⁇ m from the surface of the sacrificial anode material layer. For this reason, the thickness of the sacrificial anticorrosion layer due to Mg—Si-based precipitation was not sufficient. As a result, the corrosion resistance was lowered, and corrosion that became defective in the SWAAT test and the circulation cycle test occurred.
- the area where the Mg concentration on the surface of the sacrificial anode material layer is less than 0.10% mass and both Mg and Si exist after the brazing equivalent heating is the surface of the sacrificial anode material layer. To less than 30 ⁇ m. For this reason, the thickness of the sacrificial anticorrosion layer due to the Mg—Si based precipitate was not sufficient. As a result, the corrosion resistance was lowered, and corrosion that became defective in the SWAAT test and the circulation cycle test occurred. In addition, precipitation of Mg—Si based precipitates was suppressed, and the volume density of Mg—Si based precipitates having a length of 10 to 1000 nm after the sensitization treatment was low.
- the Si content in the sacrificial anode material layer was small. For this reason, the surface density of the Mg—Si-based crystallized substance having an equivalent circle diameter of 0.1 to 5.0 ⁇ m existing in the sacrificial anode material layer was small. Further, after brazing equivalent heating, the Si concentration on the surface of the sacrificial anode material layer is less than 0.05% mass, and the region where both Mg and Si are present is less than 30 ⁇ m from the surface of the sacrificial anode material layer. It was. For this reason, the thickness of the sacrificial anticorrosion layer due to the Mg—Si based precipitate was not sufficient.
- the sacrificial anode material layer had a high Si content.
- the surface density of the Mg—Si based crystallized material having an equivalent circle diameter of 0.1 to 5.0 ⁇ m present in the sacrificial anode material layer was large.
- the corrosion resistance was lowered, and corrosion that became defective in the SWAAT test and the circulation cycle test occurred.
- the Si content of the sacrificial anode material layer was large. Therefore, the surface density of the Mg—Si-based crystallized substance having a circle-equivalent diameter of 0.1 to 5.0 ⁇ m present in the sacrificial anode material layer was large. Further, in the cooling step subsequent to the brazing addition heat step, the cooling rate from 350 ° C. to 100 ° C. was fast. As a result of the above, the corrosion resistance was lowered, and corrosion that became defective in the SWAAT test and the circulation cycle test occurred. Further, the precipitation of Mg—Si based precipitates was suppressed, and the volume density of Mg—Si based precipitates having a length of 10 to 1000 nm after the sensitization treatment was lowered.
- the sacrificial anode material layer had a very high Si content. As a result, the melting point of the sacrificial anode layer was lowered, the sacrificial anode material was melted during material production, and subsequent evaluation was impossible.
- Comparative Example 3-20 the homogenization temperature of the sacrificial anode material layer ingot was high. As a result, the sacrificial anode material melted at the time of material production, and subsequent evaluation was impossible.
- the aluminum alloy clad material was a two-layer clad tube of extruded material as shown in FIG.
- alloys having the compositions shown in Tables 1 and 2 were used. These alloys were cast by the semi-continuous casting method at the ingot surface cooling rate shown in Table 6 and chamfered, and then homogenized as shown in Table 6.
- the core material an alloy having the composition shown in Table 3 was used. These core alloys were cast by a semi-continuous casting method.
- the ingot for the core material was homogenized at 520 ° C. for 6 hours and chamfered to a predetermined thickness.
- the plate thickness of the sacrificial anode material layer ingot and the thickness of the core material ingot after chamfering were adjusted so that the clad rate of the sacrificial anode material layer was 3%.
- a billet was prepared by overlapping the ingot for sacrificial anode material layer on one side of the ingot for core material and combining them as shown in Tables 4 and 5.
- SWAAT as the corrosion resistance evaluation, as shown in FIG. 1, a sacrificial anode material was disposed on the outer surface, and this outer surface was used as the corrosion resistance evaluation surface.
- a sacrificial anode material is disposed on the inner surface instead of the structure of FIG. 1 and this inner surface is used as a corrosion resistance evaluation surface.
- this inner surface is used as a corrosion resistance evaluation surface.
- the outer surface was used as the corrosion resistance evaluation surface by the SWAAT test
- the inner surface was used as the corrosion resistance evaluation surface by the circulation cycle test.
- the evaluation opposite surface of Tables 4 and 5 is not any corrosion resistance evaluation surface, and the cladding rate on that surface was 3%.
- the final heating process that is 350 ° C. or higher in the manufacturing process is a hot extrusion molding process, and in X6-10, it is an annealing process at 500 ° C. for 2 hours. is there.
- two-layer and three-layer clad extruded tube samples having an outer diameter of 40 mm, a thickness of 0.8 mm, and a sacrificial anode material layer with a one-side cladding ratio of 10% were prepared.
- a header sample having a length of 300 mm and having 10 tube insertion holes by burring was produced.
- the tube is formed by forming a brazing sheet of JIS4045 / JIS3003 / JIS4045 having a thickness of 0.2 mm into a tube material 4 having a flat cross-sectional shape as shown in FIG. 5, and the width of the overlapping portion 10C at both ends shown in FIG.
- the length of 3 mm and the tube material 4 was 20 cm.
- ten flat tube members 4 were produced.
- the fin material 5 was combined with the outer surface of the flat tube material 4, and the header 8 was combined with the both ends of the flat tube material 4.
- FIG. 5 the fin material 5 was combined with the outer surface of the flat tube material 4
- the header 8 was combined with the both ends of the flat tube material 4.
- a three-layer clad material obtained by clad JIS 4343 alloy with a single-side clad rate of 10% on both sides of JIS 3003 alloy and rolled to a thickness of 0.06 mm was used.
- a KF-AlF-based flux (KAlF 4 etc.) powder to such a test piece, or after drying without coating, it is 3 minutes at 600 ° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere or in vacuum (1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 Pa).
- the simulated heat exchanger 9 with the flat tube 4 having nine stages was manufactured by performing brazing heating and cooling to room temperature.
- the final heating step at 350 ° C. or higher in the heat exchanger manufacturing process is a brazing addition heat process.
- the cooling rate from 350 ° C. to 100 ° C. after brazing was as shown in Table 9 at each level.
- the heat treatment shown in Table 8 was performed.
- the equivalent circle diameters existing in the sacrificial anode material layer are 0.1 to 5.0 ⁇ m and more than 5.0 ⁇ m to 10.0 ⁇ m or less.
- the Mg—Si based crystallized product had a specified surface density, and the evaluation results of the SWAAT test and the circulation cycle test were good.
- Table 26 in Comparative Examples 4-1 to 4-24, good evaluation results were not obtained.
- Comparative Example 4-1 the region where both Mg and Si were present was less than 30 ⁇ m from the surface of the sacrificial anode material layer. For this reason, the thickness of the sacrificial anticorrosion layer due to Mg—Si-based precipitation was not sufficient. As a result, the corrosion resistance was lowered, and corrosion that became defective in the SWAAT test and the circulation cycle test occurred.
- the area where the Mg concentration on the sacrificial anode material layer surface is less than 0.10% mass and both Mg and Si are present after the brazing equivalent heating is the sacrificial anode material layer surface. To less than 30 ⁇ m. For this reason, the thickness of the sacrificial anticorrosion layer due to the Mg—Si based precipitate was not sufficient. As a result, the corrosion resistance was lowered, and corrosion that became defective in the SWAAT test and the circulation cycle test occurred. In addition, precipitation of Mg—Si based precipitates was suppressed, and the volume density of Mg—Si based precipitates having a length of 10 to 1000 nm after the sensitization treatment was low.
- the Si content in the sacrificial anode material layer was small. For this reason, the surface density of the Mg—Si-based crystallized substance having an equivalent circle diameter of 0.1 to 5.0 ⁇ m existing in the sacrificial anode material layer was small. Further, after brazing equivalent heating, the Si concentration on the surface of the sacrificial anode material layer is less than 0.05% mass, and the region where both Mg and Si are present is less than 30 ⁇ m from the surface of the sacrificial anode material layer. It was. For this reason, the thickness of the sacrificial anticorrosion layer due to the Mg—Si based precipitate was not sufficient.
- the sacrificial anode material layer had a high Si content.
- the surface density of the Mg—Si based crystallized material having an equivalent circle diameter of 0.1 to 5.0 ⁇ m present in the sacrificial anode material layer was large.
- the corrosion resistance was lowered, and corrosion that became defective in the SWAAT test and the circulation cycle test occurred.
- the sacrificial anode material layer had a high Si content. Therefore, the surface density of the Mg—Si-based crystallized substance having a circle-equivalent diameter of 0.1 to 5.0 ⁇ m present in the sacrificial anode material layer was large. Further, in the cooling step subsequent to the brazing addition heat step, the cooling rate from 350 ° C. to 100 ° C. was fast. As a result of the above, the corrosion resistance was lowered, and corrosion that became defective in the SWAAT test and the circulation cycle test occurred. Further, the precipitation of Mg—Si based precipitates was suppressed, and the volume density of Mg—Si based precipitates having a length of 10 to 1000 nm after the sensitization treatment was lowered.
- Comparative Example 4-8 the Si content in the sacrificial anode material layer was very large. As a result, the melting point of the sacrificial anode layer was lowered, the sacrificial anode material was melted during material production, and subsequent evaluation was impossible.
- Comparative Example 4-20 the homogenization temperature of the sacrificial anode material layer ingot was high. As a result, the sacrificial anode material melted at the time of material production, and subsequent evaluation was impossible.
- the cooling condition during production was X11 (Table 7), and the processing rate in the hot working process at 380 ° C. or higher was 10%. It is. Therefore, in each of the above inventive examples, the processing rate in the hot working process at 380 ° C. or higher is changed to 90% to prepare a clad tube or a clad plate, respectively, for inventive examples 5-1 to 5-4 It was set as the sample of this.
- the equivalent circle diameter existing in the sacrificial anode material layer is 0.1 to 5.0 ⁇ m and more than 5.0 ⁇ m to 10.0 ⁇ m or less.
- the Mg—Si based crystallized product had a specified surface density, and the evaluation results of the SWAAT test and the circulation cycle test were good.
- the surface density of the Mg—Si-based crystallized material exceeding 5.0 ⁇ m and 10.0 ⁇ m or less is 7 / mm 2.
- Examples 5-1 to 5-4 of the present invention all were reduced to 0 / mm 2 .
- the equivalent circle diameter existing in the sacrificial anode material layer is 0.1 to 5.0 ⁇ m and more than 5.0 ⁇ m to 10.0 ⁇ m or less.
- the Mg—Si based crystallized product had a specified surface density, and the evaluation results of the SWAAT test and the circulation cycle test were good.
- the surface density of the Mg—Si-based crystallized material exceeding 5.0 ⁇ m and 10.0 ⁇ m or less is 0 / mm 2.
- the number increased to 7 / mm 2 .
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Abstract
Description
ろう付相当加熱後において、(1)前記犠牲陽極材層表面のMg濃度が0.10mass%以上でSi濃度が0.05%mass以上であり、(2)前記犠牲陽極材層表面から30μm以上の深さの領域においてMgとSiの両方が存在し、(3)前記犠牲陽極材層に存在する円相当直径0.1~5.0μmのMg-Si系晶出物が100~150000個/mm2であり、円相当直径が5.0μmを超え10.0μm以下のMg-Si系晶出物が7個/mm2以下であることにある。
1-1.構造
本発明に係るアルミニウム製クラッド材は、耐食性の要求される側に犠牲陽極材層を配置することによって使用できる。この際、犠牲陽極材層は、片面もしくは両面に配置される。心材の片面に犠牲陽極材を配置した二層材や心材の両面に犠牲陽極材を配置した三層材だけでなく、心材の片面に犠牲陽極材を配置し心材の反対面にろう材をクラッドした三層材も使用できる。また、本発明に係るアルミニウム製クラッド材は、押出材や板材を筒状に加工することによって配管として使用できる。この際、配管の内外面側の少なくとも一方に犠牲陽極材層を配置する。心材の片面に犠牲陽極材を配置した二層材や心材の両面に犠牲陽極材を配置した三層材だけでなく、心材の片面に犠牲陽極材を配置し心材の反対面にろう材をクラッドした三層の配管も使用できる。
次に、本発明に係るアルミニウム製クラッド材における各構成材の組成について説明する。
犠牲陽極材層は、Si:0.10mass%(以下、単に「%」と記す)以上1.50%未満、Mg:0.10~2.00%を含有し、残部Al及び不可避的不純物からなるアルミニウム合金からなる。すなわち、これらSi及びMgを必須元素とする。Si及びMgは、犠牲陽極材層中にMgとSiを主成分とするMg-Si系晶出物及び微細なMg-Si系析出物を形成する。Mg-Si系晶出物は、鋳造時に晶出する。Mg-Si系析出物は、材料製造時の冷却中、室温、更に、175℃で5時間の増感処理においても析出する。
本発明に係るアルミニウム製クラッド材の心材の材質は、アルミニウム材であれば特に限定されるものではない。ここで、アルミニウム材とは、純アルミニウムとアルミニウム合金をいう。純アルミニウムとは、純度99%以上のアルミニウムであって、例えば1000系のアルミニウム材が挙げられる。アルミニウム合金としては、例えばAl-Cu系(2000系)、Al-Mn系(3000系)、Al-Si系(4000系)、Al-Mg系(5000系)、Al-Mg-Si系(6000系)、Al-Mg-Zn系(7000系)等のアルミニウム材が好適に用いられる。
ろう材層に用いられるアルミニウム材は特に限定されるものではないが、通常のろう付において用いられるAl-Si系合金ろう材が好適に用いられる。例えば、JIS4343、4045、4047の各アルミニウム合金(Al-7~13%Si)を用いるのが好ましい。更に犠牲防食効果を付与するために、これらにZnを添加しても問題ない。
本発明に係るアルミニウム製クラッド材の犠牲陽極材層には、円相当直径0.1~5.0μmのMg-Si系晶出物が面密度として100~150000個/mm2、円相当直径5.0μmを超え10.0μm以下のMg-Si系晶出物が7個/m2以下存在する。Mg-Si系晶出物とは、基本的にMgとSiが原子個数比2対1で構成されるものである。この晶出物には、犠牲陽極材層に選択的添加元素としてFeやCuが含有される場合には、Mg2Siの他にMg-Si-Fe、Mg-Si-Cuの3元組成や、Mg-Si-Fe-Cuの4元組成も含まれる。
犠牲陽極材層に存在する微細なMg-Si系析出物の体積密度を所定範囲に規定する。本発明者らは、本発明に係るアルミニウム製クラッド材の犠牲陽極材層がZnを含有しない、もしくは非常に少ないにも拘わらず犠牲防食効果を発揮することを見出した。これは、犠牲陽極材層に、母材よりも卑な相や生成物が存在することを示唆するものである。検討の結果、顕微鏡観察では視認するのが難しい極めて微細なMg-Si系析出物が、犠牲防食効果発現の要因であることが判明した。このようなMg-Si系析出物はTEMなどの顕微鏡観察では視認するのが難しかったが、175℃で5時間の増感処理を施すことにより顕微鏡観察が容易なサイズの針状のMg-Si系析出物が観察された。このことは、元々存在する極めて微細なMg-Si系析出物が増感処理により大きく成長したものと考えられる。Mg-Si系析出物は、針状に分布しているためその大きさは長辺の長さとして規定することが出来る。本発明者らの更なる検討により、上記の増感処理後において、犠牲陽極材表面から5μmまでの深さの領域で観察される10~1000nmの長さを示す針状のMg-Si系析出物の体積密度と犠牲防食効果との間に相関関係があることが判明した。なお、本発明者らの分析によれば、このような微細なMg-Si系析出物の増感処理前の元々の長さは、数nm~50nmであるものと推定される。材料製造時の入熱により犠牲陽極材中のMgとSiが心材へ拡散する。そのため、この微細なMg-Si系析出物は、MgとSiが拡散した心材にも存在し、犠牲防食作用を発揮する。表面から5μmまでの深さ領域における体積密度を規定したのは、表層部分が最もMg及びSi濃度の高い部分であり、板厚方向で最も犠牲防食作用を発揮する部分であるためである。
2-1.構造
本発明に係る熱交換器用アルミニウム製クラッド材を、熱交換器用チューブ材に用いた例を図1に示す。この例は、心材1の一方の面に犠牲陽極材層2を、他方の面にろう材層3をクラッドした三層クラッド板10をチューブ材4に成形したものである。クラッド板10は、その犠牲陽極材層2側が外部環境に曝される面となるように、すなわち、チューブ材4の外側が外面4Aとなるように偏平状に成形される。ろう材層3を内面とする偏平管内部が、熱交換器に用いる冷却水等の媒体の流路となる。
次に、本発明に係る熱交換器用アルミニウム製クラッド材における各構成材の組成について説明する。
犠牲陽極材層は、Si:0.10%以上1.50%未満、Mg:0.10~2.00%を含有し、残部Al及び不可避的不純物からなるアルミニウム合金からなる。すなわち、これらSi及びMgを必須元素とする。Si及びMgは、犠牲陽極材層中にMgとSiを主成分とするMg-Si系晶出物及び微細なMg-Si系析出物を形成する。Mg-Si系晶出物は、鋳造時に晶出する。Mg-Si系析出物は、ろう付前に分布していたものはろう付によっていったん溶解し、ろう付後の冷却中に再析出する。更に、室温、175℃で5時間の増感処理においても析出する。
本発明に係るアルミニウム製クラッド材の心材の材質は、アルミニウム材であれば特に限定されるものではない。ここで、アルミニウム材とは、純アルミニウムとアルミニウム合金をいう。純アルミニウムとは、純度99%以上のアルミニウムであって、例えば1000系のアルミニウム材が挙げられる。アルミニウム合金としては、例えばAl-Cu系(2000系)、Al-Mn系(3000系)、Al-Si系(4000系)、Al-Mg系(5000系)、Al-Mg-Si系(6000系)、Al-Mg-Zn系(7000系)等のアルミニウム材が好適に用いられる。
ろう材層に用いられるアルミニウム材は特に限定されるものではないが、通常のろう付において用いられるAl-Si系合金ろう材が好適に用いられる。例えば、JIS4343、4045、4047の各アルミニウム合金(Al-7~13%Si)を用いるのが好ましい。更に犠牲防食効果を付与するために、これらにZnを添加しても問題ない。
本発明に係る熱交換器用アルミニウム製クラッド材の犠牲陽極材層には、ろう付相当加熱後において、円相当直径0.1~5.0μmのMg-Si系晶出物が面密度として100~150000個/mm2、円相当直径5.0μmを超え10.0μm以下のMg-Si系晶出物が7個/m2以下存在する。Mg-Si系晶出物とは、基本的にMgとSiが原子個数比2対1で構成されるものである。この晶出物には、犠牲陽極材層に選択的添加元素としてFeやCuが含有される場合には、Mg2Siの他にMg-Si-Fe、Mg-Si-Cuの3元組成や、Mg-Si-Fe-Cuの4元組成も含まれる。
犠牲陽極材層表面において、Mg濃度が0.10%以上、かつ、Si濃度が0.05%以上の必要がある。本発明では、ろう付後の犠牲陽極材層の表面から所定範囲において微細なMg-Si系析出物が析出していることで耐食性を向上させるものであるが、このような微細なMg-Si系析出物は、ろう付加熱後の冷却中に生成する。このような微細Mg-Si系析出物が所定量析出するには、ろう付後における犠牲陽極材層表面におけるMg濃度が0.10%以上で、Si濃度が0.05%以上であることが必要である。Mg濃度が0.10%未満又はSiの濃度が0.05%未満の場合には、十分な量の微細Mg-Si系析出物が生成されず耐食性の向上効果が得られない。なお、上記Mg濃度とSi濃度の上限値は、犠牲陽極材層に用いるアルミニウム合金のMg含有量とSi含有量に依存するが、Mg濃度については1.0%以下、Si濃度については1.0%以下とするのが好ましい。犠牲陽極材層表面とは表面から深さ方向に10μmまでの範囲をいう。
ろう付相当加熱後の犠牲陽極材層表面から所定の深さ領域に存在する微細なMg-Si系析出物の体積密度を所定範囲に規定する。本発明者らは、本発明に係るアルミニウム製熱交換器のクラッド材の犠牲陽極材層がZnを含有しない、もしくは非常に少ないにも拘わらず犠牲防食効果を発揮することを見出した。これは、犠牲陽極材層に、母材よりも卑な相や生成物が存在することを示唆するものである。検討の結果、顕微鏡観察では視認するのが難しい極めて微細なMg-Si系析出物が、犠牲防食効果発現の要因であることが判明した。このようなMg-Si系析出物はTEMなどの顕微鏡観察では視認するのが難しいが、175℃で5時間の増感処理を施すことにより顕微鏡観察が容易なサイズの針状のMg-Si系析出物が観察された。このことは、元々存在する極めて微細なMg-Si系析出物が増感処理により大きく成長したものと考えられる。Mg-Si系析出物は、針状に分布しているためその大きさは長辺の長さとして規定することが出来る。本発明者らの更なる検討により、上記の増感処理後において、ろう付相当加熱後の犠牲陽極材表面から5μmまでの深さの領域で観察される10~1000nmの長さを示す針状のMg-Si系析出物の体積密度と犠牲防食効果との間に相関関係があることが判明した。なお、本発明者らの分析によれば、このような微細なMg-Si系析出物の増感処理前の元々の長さは、数nm~50nmであるものと推定される。ろう付相当加熱により犠牲陽極材中のMgとSiが心材へ拡散する。そのため、この微細なMg-Si系析出物は、ろう付相当加熱後にMgとSiが拡散した心材にも存在し、犠牲防食作用を発揮する。表面から5μmまでの深さ領域における体積密度を規定したのは、表層部分が最もMg及びSi濃度の高い部分であり、板厚方向で最も犠牲防食作用を発揮する部分であるためである。
次に、本発明係るアルミニウム製クラッド材、ならびに、熱交換器用アルミニウム製クラッド材の製造方法について説明する。これらの製造方法は共通し、犠性陽極材のアルミニウム合金を鋳塊表面の冷却速度が1℃/秒以上で半連続鋳造する半連続鋳造工程を含む態様(第一の態様)とする。この第一の態様では、犠性陽極材の鋳塊表面における冷却速度を1℃/秒以上に規定する半連続鋳造工程を用いれば、犠性陽極材の均質化処理工程を敢えて必要としない。しかしながら、クラッド前の犠牲陽極材の鋳塊に480℃を超える熱処理を施すことは、犠牲陽極材中のMg-Si系晶出物の粗大化を招くので好ましくない。また、第一の態様に、400~480℃の温度で1時間以上熱処理する均質化処理工程を必須工程として更に備える第二の態様としてもよい。
これら第一及び第二の態様において、アルミニウム製クラッド材を所定温度で所定の加工率をもって熱間加工する熱間加工工程、この熱間加工工程前に所定温度範囲に加熱保持する加熱工程、アルミニウム製クラッド材を所定範囲の温度に加熱する最終の加熱工程、ならびに、この最終の加熱工程に続く冷却工程を必要に応じて更に設けても良い。
また、更に第一の態様では、半連続鋳造工程後の冷却後において、所定条件での犠牲陽極材鋳塊の熱処理工程、ならびに、半連続鋳造工程後の冷却後及び最終の加熱工程に続く冷却後の少なくともいずれかにおいて、所定条件での対応する犠牲陽極層用鋳塊及びアルミニウム製クラッド材の少なくともいずれかの熱処理工程を設けてもよい。
更に第二の態様では、半連続鋳造工程後の冷却後及び均質化処理後の冷却後の少なくともいずれかにおいて、所定条件での犠牲陽極層用鋳塊の熱処理工程、ならびに、半連続鋳造工程後の冷却後、均質化処理後の冷却後及び最終の加熱工程に続く冷却後の少なくともいずれかにおいて、所定条件での対応する犠牲陽極層用鋳塊及びアルミニウム製クラッド材の少なくともいずれかの熱処理工程を設けてもよい。
半連続鋳造工程において、犠性陽極材のアルミニウム合金の鋳塊表面の冷却速度を1℃/秒以上とする。冷却速度が1℃/秒未満の場合は、犠牲陽極材中に粗大なMg-Si系晶出物が生成し、Mg-Si系晶出物の適切分布が得られない。なお、冷却速度の上限値は特に規定するものではないが、本発明では50℃/秒とする。冷却速度は鋳塊組織を観察し、デンドライトアームスペーシングから算出することができる(参照文献:軽金属学会研委員会著 「アルミニウムとデンドライトアームスペーシングと冷却速度の測定法」)。ここで鋳塊表面とは、最表面から30mmまでの範囲を言うものとする。
更に、半連続鋳造工程において鋳造された犠性陽極材の鋳塊は、400~480℃の温度で1時間以上熱処理する均質化処理することが好ましい。これにより、犠性陽極材における金属組織を均一化するとともに、微細なMg-Si系の晶出物を再固溶させることができる。熱処理温度が400℃未満の場合や熱処理時間が1時間未満の場合には、金属組織の均一化効果や微細なMg-Si系晶出物の再固溶効果が十分に得られない。また、熱処理温度が480℃を超えるとMg-Si系晶出物が粗大に成長する場合がある。なお、熱処理時間の上限値は特に限定されるものではないが、経済的な観点などから20時間以下とするのが好ましい。
クラッド材が板材の場合、上述の犠牲陽極材の半連続鋳造工程と均質化処理工程以外の工程については、以下のように通常の工程が採用される。
クラッド板の心材は、常法に従ってDC鋳造法等によって鋳造される。心材の鋳塊は、必要に応じて均質化処理と面削を施してその所定の板厚とするか、或いは、熱間圧延や冷間圧延を更に施して所定の板厚とする。
クラッド材のろう材は、常法に従って半連続鋳造法等によって鋳造される。ろう材の鋳塊は、必要に応じて面削、熱間圧延、冷間圧延を施して所定の板厚の圧延板とする。
2層クラッド板の場合には心材鋳塊の一方の面に犠牲陽極材を配し、3層クラッド板の場合は、他方の面に犠牲陽極材鋳塊又はろう材鋳塊を更に配して組み合わせる。
次いで、組み合わせ板を熱間加工工程である熱間圧延工程の前に、加熱保持する加熱工程にかける。この加熱工程では、加熱保持温度を400~530℃とし、保持時間を0~15時間程度実施するのが好ましい。ここで、保持時間が0時間とは、所定温度に到達後に直ちに熱間圧延工程に移行するものである。加熱保持温度が400℃未満の場合には、クラッド接合されない箇所ができブローホールが発生することがある。一方、加熱保持温度が530℃を超えたり保持時間が15時間を超える場合には、酸化皮膜が成長し健全なクラッド材が得られない場合がある。
熱間加工工程である熱間圧延工程では、少なくとも1回の380℃以上における加工率50%以上の熱間圧延を行ない、又は、380℃以上における加工率15%以上の熱間圧延を3回以上行なうことが好ましい。ここで、加工率とは、各熱間圧延において、圧延前の板材の厚さ方向に沿った断面積をS0とし、圧延後の同断面積をS1としたときに、{(S0-S1)/S0)}×100で表される比率をいうものとする。
このように本発明の一実施態様では、少なくとも1回の380℃以上における加工率50%以上の熱間圧延を行なうことにより、円相当直径5.0μmを超え10μm以下のMg-Si系晶出物を粉砕し、その数を減少させることができる。この少なくとも1回の熱間圧延の加工率が50%未満の場合には、上記効果が得られない場合がある。また、この少なくとも1回の熱間圧延の加工率は、好ましくは70%以上である。なお、この態様には、(1)50%以上の加工率の熱間圧延を1回のみ行なう場合、(2)50%以上の加工率の熱間圧延を2回以上行なう場合、(3)前記(1)又は(2)において、15%以上50%未満の加工率の熱間圧延を1回又は2回以上更に行なう場合が含まれるものとする。
本発明の他の実施態様では、380℃以上における加工率15%以上の熱間圧延を3回以上行なうことにより、これまた、円相当直径5.0μmを超え10μm以下のMg-Si系晶出物を粉砕し、その数を減少させることができる。この態様における加工率は、好ましくは15%以上50%未満である。すなわち、比較的小さな加工率の熱間圧延を3回以上行なうのが好ましい。また、この態様での熱間圧延回数は各加工率に基づく最終加工率(全熱間圧延工程の前後で決定される)との関係で決まるが、生産性や経済性の観点から6回を上限とするのが好ましい。この態様では、各加工率が15%未満の場合で、熱間圧延の回数が2回以下の場合には、上記効果が得られない場合がある。なお、この態様では、3回以上の各熱間圧延における加工率が同じでも、異なっていてもよい。
また、両態様における温度はいずれも380℃以上とするが、これ未満の温度では良好な熱間圧延が行なえない。好ましい温度は400以上である。温度の上限については、530℃を超えると酸化皮膜が成長し健全なクラッド材が得られない虞があるため、530℃とするのが好ましい。
熱間圧延工程にかけた組み合わせ板は、更に冷間圧延を施して所定の最終板厚のクラッド板とする。なお、冷間圧延の途中又は前に、中間焼鈍を施してもよい。必要に応じて、最終焼鈍を更に施してもよい。
クラッド材が押出材の場合、上述の犠牲陽極材の半連続鋳造工程と均質化処理工程以外の工程については、以下のように通常の工程が採用される。
クラッド管の心材は、常法に従ってDC鋳造法等によって鋳造される。心材の鋳塊は、必要に応じて均質化処理と面削を施してその所定の板厚とするか、或いは、熱間圧延や冷間圧延を更に施して所定の板厚とする。
クラッド管のろう材は、常法に従って半連続鋳造法等によって鋳造される。ろう材の鋳塊は、必要に応じて面削、熱間圧延、冷間圧延を施して所定の板厚の圧延板とする。
2層クラッド管の場合には心材鋳塊の内面又は外面の一方に犠牲陽極材用鋳塊を配し、3層クラッド管の場合は他方に犠牲陽極材用鋳塊又はろう材用鋳塊を更に配して組み合わせてビレットとする。
次いで、ビレットを熱間加工工程である熱間押出成形工程の前に、加熱保持する加熱工程にかける。この加熱工程では、加熱保持温度を400~530℃とし、保持時間を0~15時間程度実施するのが好ましい。ここで、保持時間が0時間とは、所定温度に到達後に直ちに熱間押出成形工程に移行するものである。加熱保持温度が400℃未満の場合には、クラッド接合されない箇所ができブローホールが発生することがある。一方、加熱保持温度が530℃を超えたり保持時間が15時間を超える場合には、酸化皮膜が成長し健全なクラッド管が得られない場合がある。
熱間加工工程である熱間押出成形工程では、少なくとも1回の380℃以上における加工率50%以上の熱間押出成形を行ない、又は、380℃以上における加工率15%以上の熱間押出成形を3回以上行なうことが好ましい。ここで、加工率とは、各熱間押出成形において、押出成形前の管材の厚さ方向に沿った断面積をS0とし、押出成形後の同断面積をS1としたときに、{(S0-S1)/S0)}×100で表される比率をいうものとする。
このように本発明の一実施態様では、少なくとも1回の380℃以上における加工率50%以上の熱間押出成形を行なうことにより、円相当直径5.0μmを超え10μm以下のMg-Si系晶出物を粉砕し、その数を減少させることができる。この少なくとも1回の熱間押出成形の加工率が50%未満の場合には、上記効果が得られない場合がある。また、この少なくとも1回の熱間押出成形の加工率は、好ましくは70%以上である。なお、この態様には、(1)50%以上の加工率の熱間押出成形を1回のみ行なう場合、(2)50%以上の加工率の熱間押出成形を2回以上行なう場合、(3)前記(1)又は(2)において、15%以上50%未満の加工率の熱間押出成形を1回又は2回以上更に行なう場合が含まれるものとする。
本発明の他の実施態様では、380℃以上における加工率15%以上の熱間押出成形を3回以上行なうことにより、これまた、円相当直径5.0μmを超え10μm以下のMg-Si系晶出物を粉砕し、その数を減少させることができる。この態様における加工率は、好ましくは15%以上50%未満である。すなわち、比較的小さな加工率の熱間押出成形を3回以上行なうのが好ましい。また、この態様での熱間押出成形の回数は各加工率に基づく最終加工率(全熱間圧延押出成形の前後で決定される)との関係で決まるが、生産性や経済性の観点から6回を上限とするのが好ましい。この態様では、各加工率が15%未満の場合で、熱間押出成形の回数が2回以下の場合には、上記効果が得られない場合がある。なお、この態様では、3回以上の各熱間押出成形における加工率が同じでも、異なっていてもよい。
また、両態様における温度はいずれも380℃以上とするが、これ未満の温度では良好な熱間押出成形が行なえない。好ましい温度は400以上である。温度の上限については、530℃を超えると酸化皮膜が成長し健全なクラッド材が得られない虞があるため、530℃とするのが好ましい。
押出成形には、通常の間接押出機を使用した押出成形法を用いることができる。次いで、所定の外径と肉厚になるように抽伸加工にかけるのが好ましい。この抽伸加工には、生産性の高いドローブロック式連続抽伸機を使用するのが望ましい。更に、機械的特性を調整するために、製造工程の任意の段階において適時熱処理を加えても良い。
また、本発明に係るアルミニウム製クラッド材、ならびに、熱交換器用アルミニウム製クラッド材の製造方法においては、製造工程中において、アルミニウム合金クラッド材を350℃以上に加熱する最終の加熱工程を含み、当該最終の加熱工程に続く冷却工程において、350℃から100℃までの冷却速度を1~500℃/分とするのが好ましい。冷却温度の範囲を350℃から100℃までに限定したのは、350℃以上の加熱によって、Mg-Si系析出物はいったん溶解し、その後の冷却中の350℃から100℃の間でMg-Si系析出物の析出が起こるからである。この冷却速度が1℃/分未満では、Mg-Si系析出物の析出が進行し過ぎてしまい適切なMg-Si系析出物の分布密度が得られない場合がある。一方、この冷却速度が500℃/分を超えると、Mg-Si系析出物の析出量が少なくなる場合がある。
更に、本発明に係るアルミニウム製クラッド材、ならびに、熱交換器用アルミニウム製クラッド材の製造方法において、上記第一の態様では、半連続鋳造工程後の冷却後において、100℃以上350℃未満で5~6000分間の条件での犠牲陽極材鋳塊の熱処理工程、ならびに、半連続鋳造工程後の冷却後及び最終の加熱工程に続く冷却後の少なくともいずれかにおいて、100℃以上350℃未満で5~6000分間の条件での対応する犠牲陽極層用鋳塊及びアルミニウム製クラッド材の少なくともいずれかの熱処理工程を設けるのが好ましい。また、上記第二の態様では、半連続鋳造工程後の冷却後及び均質化処理後の冷却後の少なくともいずれかにおいて、100℃以上350℃未満で5~6000分間の条件での犠牲陽極層用鋳塊の熱処理工程、ならびに、半連続鋳造工程後の冷却後、均質化処理後の冷却後及び最終の加熱工程に続く冷却後の少なくともいずれかにおいて、100℃以上350℃未満で5~6000分間の条件での対応する犠牲陽極層用鋳塊及びアルミニウム製クラッド材の少なくともいずれかの熱処理工程を設けるのが好ましい。
4-1.構造
本発明に係るアルミニウム製熱交換器は、上記アルミニウム製クラッド材を部材に用いる。例えば図1に示すように、本発明に係る熱交換器用アルミニウム製クラッド材(心材1に犠牲陽極材2をクラッドしたもの)に曲げ成形を施し、冷却水などの媒体を流すためのチューブ材(通常は偏平チューブ)として使用する。
5-1.部材
本発明に係るアルミニウム製熱交換器は、例えば、両端部分をヘッダープレートに取り付けたチューブ材の外面にフィン材を配置して組立てる。次いで、チューブ材の両端重ね合せ部分、フィン材とチューブ材外面、チューブ材の両端とヘッダープレートを1回のろう付け加熱によって同時に接合する。なお、必要に応じてチューブ材の内面にインナーフィンを配置して、これらをろう付してもよい。これらチューブ材、フィン材、ヘッダー材、インナーフィンの少なくとも一つの部材、好ましくは少なくともチューブ材、ヘッダー材に、本発明に係る熱交換器用アルミニウム製クラッド材を用いるのが好ましい。
本発明において用いるろう付け方法としては、窒素雰囲気中でフッ化物系フラックスを用いた方法(ノコロックろう付法等)や、真空中や窒素雰囲気中で材料に含有されるMgによりアルミニウム材表面の酸化膜を還元して破壊する方法(真空ろう付、フラックスレスろう付)を用いるのが好ましい。また、ろう付けは、通常590~610℃の温度で2~10分間、好ましくは590~610℃の温度で2~6分間の加熱によって行なわれる。加熱時間が590℃未満であったり加熱時間が2分未満の場合には、ろう付不良が起こる可能性がある。一方、加熱時間が610℃を超えたり加熱時間が10分を超える場合には、部材が溶融する可能性がある。
ろう付後の冷却工程における冷却速度は、350℃から100℃までを1~500℃/分とするのが好ましい。この温度範囲に限定したのは、ろう付前に分布していたMg-Si系析出物はろう付によっていったん溶解し、ろう付後の冷却中の350℃から100℃の間でMg-Si系析出物の析出が起こるからである。この冷却速度が1℃/分未満では、Mg-Si系析出物の析出が進行し過ぎてしまい適切なMg-Si系析出物の分布密度が得られない場合がある。一方、この冷却速度が500℃/分を超えると、Mg-Si系析出物の析出量が少なくなる場合がある。
ろう付後の冷却工程に続いて、100℃以上350℃未満で5~6000分間の熱処理工程を更に含むのが好ましい。この熱処理温度に限定したのは、この温度範囲においてMg-Si系析出物が析出し、犠牲防食機能を発揮するからである。この熱処理工程はろう付後に室温まで冷却後に再加熱を行うのが好ましい。この熱処理工程の温度が100℃未満であったり、保持時間が5分未満の場合には、Mg-Si系析出物の析出効果が十分に得られない場合がある。一方、この熱処理工程の温度が350℃以上であったり、保持時間が600分を超える場合には、Mg-Si系析出物が再溶解してしまい、規定のMg-Si系析出物の分布が得られなくなる場合がある。なお、この熱処理工程の温度を150℃以上とすることにより、短い熱処理時間で所望の量のMg-Si系析出物を析出させることがきる。熱処理温度が100℃以上150℃未満の場合は熱処理時間を長くすることで、より多くのMg-Si系析出物を析出させることができ、犠牲防食効果を高めることができる。
まず、本発明のアルミニウム合金クラッド材の第1実施例を示す。
アルミニウム合金クラッド材は、図1に示すような押出材の2層クラッド管とした。犠牲陽極材層には、表1、2に示す組成の合金を用いた。これらの合金を表6に示す鋳塊表面冷却速度で半連続鋳造法により鋳造し面削を施した後に、表6に示す均質化処理を行った。心材には、表3に示す組成の合金を用いた。これら心材用合金を半連続鋳造法により鋳造した。心材用鋳塊は、520℃で6時間の均質化処理を行い、所定の厚さに面削した。なお、犠牲陽極材層用鋳塊の板厚及び面削後の心材用鋳塊の厚さは、犠牲陽極材層のクラッド率が10%となるように調整した。次に、心材用鋳塊の片面に犠牲陽極材層用鋳塊を重ねて表4、5に示すように組み合わせてビレットを作製した。耐食性評価としてSWAATを行う場合には、図1に示すように、心材1の外面に犠牲陽極材2を配置してこの外面を耐食性評価面とした。一方、循環サイクル試験を行う場合には、図1の構造に代えて内面に犠牲陽極材を配置してこの内面を耐食性評価面とした。なお、表5のC50及びC51では、評価反対側面にも犠牲陽極材をクラッドした3層クラッド材とした。この場合も、外面をSWAAT試験による耐食性評価面とし、内面を循環サイクル試験による耐食性評価面とした。なお、表4、5の評価反対面におけるクラッド率も10%とした。なお、表1~3において「-」は、0.04%以下の不純物として含有する場合、或いは、不純物としての測定も困難な測定限界未満の場合を示す。
2層及び3層のクラッド押出管の犠牲陽極材層からミクロ組織観察用試験片を切出し、厚さ方向の断面におけるMg-Si系の晶出物分布を測定した。SEM(Scanning Electron Microscope)を用い、2500倍の組成像を観察し、任意に5視野選択し、黒く観察されるMg-Si系の晶出物を画像処理により抽出して、円相当直径0.1~5.0μm及び5.0μmを超え10.0μm以下の面密度を測定し、5視野の算術平均値を求めた。なお、対象としたMg-Si系の晶出物の断面積と同じ面積を有する円を仮定して、その直径をもって円相当直径とした。
2層及び3層のクラッド押出管の長さ10~1000nmのMg-Si系析出物の体積密度(増感処理前)は製造後のまま、長さ10~1000nmのMg-Si系析出物の体積密度(増感処理後)は製造後に175℃で5時間、増感処理した後に、それぞれ測定した。犠牲陽極材表面から5μmまでの深さ部分からFIB(Focused Ion Beam)で厚さ100~200nm程度の試験片を作製した。試料片のアルミニウムマトリックスの100面に沿って3方向に析出する針状の析出物を、50万倍の倍率で透過型電子顕微鏡(TEM)を用いて任意に5箇所観察した。各箇所の画像中において、長さ10~1000nmを有する針状のMg-Si系析出物数を計測した。更に、この針状析出物と直行する点状析出物(針状のものを正面から観察するので点状に見える)のうち直径が100nm以下のものの数も計測し、これらを針状析出物の数と合計したものを、測定体積で割って各観察箇所におけるMg-Si系析出物の体積密度とした。最後に、各観察箇所における体積密度の算術平均値を算出して、試料におけるMg-Si系析出物の体積密度とした。ここで、点状析出物(針状のものを正面から観察するので点状に見える)の数も合計している理由は以下の通りである。すなわち、針状のMg-Si系析出物はアルミニウムマトリックス中の100面に沿って3方向に同様に析出しており、点状に見える析出物も直角方向から見れば長さ10~1000nmを満たす可能性がある。長さ10nm未満のMg-Si系析出物は透過型電子顕微鏡(TEM)では観察が難しく正面から見ても明確には点として認識・計測できない。長さが1000nmを超える針状のMg-Si系析出物は正面から見た場合、直径が100nmを超えるのでそれは計測から除外した。また、Mg-Si系晶出物が点として見える場合にも直径が200nm以上なのでそれも計測から除外した。
2層及び3層のクラッド押出管の耐食性評価として、上記試料を用いて、大気曝露環境を模擬したASTM G85に準じたSWAATを1500時間行った。SWAAT試験後において、試験片の表面の腐食生成物を除去し腐食深さを測定した。測定箇所は10箇所とし、それらの最大値をもって腐食深さとした。腐食深さが70μm未満の場合を優良とし、腐食深さが70μm以上90μm以下の場合を良好とし、腐食深さが90μmを超える場合と貫通した場合を不良とした。なお、試験面以外にはマスキングを施し、試験水溶液に触れないようにした。
更なる耐食性の評価として、水系冷媒環境を模擬した循環サイクル試験を行った。Cl-:195ppm、SO4 2-:60ppm、Cu2+:1ppm、Fe2+:30ppmを含有し温度88℃の水溶液を、上記熱処理した試料片の試験面に対して比液量6mL/cm2、流速2m/秒で8時間流通し、その後、試料片を16時間放置した。このような加熱流通と放置からなるサイクルを3ヶ月間行った。循環サイクル試験後において、試験片の表面の腐食生成物を除去し腐食深さを測定した。測定箇所は10箇所とし、それらの最大値をもって腐食深さとした。腐食深さが70μm未満の場合を優良とし、腐食深さが70μm以上90μm以下の場合を良好とし、腐食深さが90μmを超える場合と貫通した場合を不良とした。なお、試験面以外にはマスキングを施し、試験水溶液に触れないようにした。
なお、本発明例1-51、52における犠牲陽極材の鋳塊熱処理条件は、製造方法の第二態様の均質化処理条件を満たさないが第一態様の規定を満たしているので、第一態様の本発明例とした。また、後述の比較例1-19における犠牲陽極材の鋳塊熱処理条件は、製造方法の第一態様においては好ましくないものであり、第二態様の均質化処理条件を満たさないので第二対応の本発明例とした。このような鋳塊熱処理条件については、後述の第2~4実施例においても同様である。
次に、本発明のアルミニウム合金クラッド材の第2実施例を示す。
アルミニウム合金クラッド材は、図4に示すような、心材1の外面に犠牲陽極材2を配置した圧延材の2層クラッド板とした。犠牲陽極材層2には、表1、2に示す組成の合金を用いた。これらの合金を表6に示す鋳塊表面冷却速度で半連続鋳造法により鋳造し面削を施した後に、表6に示す均質化処理を行った。心材には、表3に示す組成の合金を用いた。これら心材用合金を半連続鋳造法により鋳造した。心材用鋳塊は、520℃で6時間の均質化処理を行い、所定の厚さに面削した。なお、犠牲陽極材層用鋳塊の板厚及び面削後の心材用鋳塊の厚さは、犠牲陽極材層のクラッド率が10%となるように調整した。次に、心材用鋳塊の片面に犠牲陽極材層用鋳塊を重ねて表4、5に示すように組み合わせた。耐食性評価としてSWAATを行う場合には、図4に示すように、外面に犠牲陽極材2を配置してこの外面を耐食性評価面とした。なお、図4において11は、電縫接合部である。一方、循環サイクル試験を行う場合には、図4の構造に代えて内面に犠牲陽極材を配置してこの内面を耐食性評価面とした。なお、表5のC50及びC51では、評価反対側面にも犠牲陽極材をクラッドした3層クラッド板とした。この場合も、外面をSWAAT試験による耐食性評価面とし、内面を循環サイクル試験による耐食性評価面とした。なお、表4、5の評価反対面におけるクラッド率も10%とした。
本発明のアルミニウム合金クラッド材をチューブとして用いた熱交換器についての第3実施例を示す。
アルミニウム合金クラッド材は、図4に示すような、心材1の外面に犠牲陽極材2を配置した圧延材の2層クラッド板とした。犠牲陽極材層2には、表1、2に示す組成の合金を用いた。これらの合金を表6に示す鋳塊表面冷却速度で半連続鋳造法により鋳造し面削を施した後に、表6に示す均質化処理を行った。心材には、表3に示す組成の合金を用いた。これら心材用合金を半連続鋳造法により鋳造した。心材用鋳塊は、520℃で6時間の均質化処理を行い、所定の厚さに面削した。なお、犠牲陽極材層用鋳塊の板厚及び面削後の心材用鋳塊の厚さは、犠牲陽極材層のクラッド率が10%となるように調整した。次に、心材用鋳塊の片面に犠牲陽極材層用鋳塊を重ねて表4、5に示すように組み合わせた。耐食性評価としてSWAATを行う場合には、図4に示すように、外面に犠牲陽極材を配置してこの外面を耐食性評価面とした。一方、循環サイクル試験を行う場合には、図4の構造に代えて内面に犠牲陽極材を配置してこの内面を耐食性評価面とした。なお、表5のC50及びC51では、評価反対側面にも犠牲陽極材をクラッドした3層クラッド板とした。この場合も、外面をSWAAT試験による耐食性評価面とし、内面を循環サイクル試験による耐食性評価面とした。なお、表4、5の評価反対面におけるクラッド率は10%とした。
ろう付加熱前のクラッド板試料をろう付相当の加熱として窒素雰囲気中で600℃の温度で3分間熱処理した。このようにして熱処理した試料について、犠牲陽極材層表面におけるMg及びSiの濃度、ならびに、MgとSiの両方が存在する領域の犠牲陽極材層表面からの深さを、試料の板厚方向の断面をEPMAにより線分析することによって測定した。
本発明のアルミニウム合金クラッド材をヘッダーとして用いた熱交換器についての第4
実施例を示す。
アルミニウム合金クラッド材は、図1に示すような押出材の2層クラッド管とした。犠牲陽極材層2には、表1、2に示す組成の合金を用いた。これらの合金を表6に示す鋳塊表面冷却速度で半連続鋳造法により鋳造し面削を施した後に、表6に示す均質化処理を行った。心材1には、表3に示す組成の合金を用いた。これら心材用合金を半連続鋳造法により鋳造した。心材用鋳塊は、520℃で6時間の均質化処理を行い、所定の厚さに面削した。なお、犠牲陽極材層用鋳塊の板厚及び面削後の心材用鋳塊の厚さは、犠牲陽極材層のクラッド率が3%となるように調整した。次に、心材用鋳塊の片面に犠牲陽極材層用鋳塊を重ねて表4、5に示すように組み合わせてビレットを作製した。耐食性評価としてSWAATを行う場合には、図1に示すように、外面に犠牲陽極材を配置してこの外面を耐食性評価面とした。一方、循環サイクル試験を行う場合には、図1の構造に代えて内面に犠牲陽極材を配置してこの内面を耐食性評価面とした。なお、表5のC50及びC51では、評価反対側面にも犠牲陽極材をクラッドした3層クラッド材とした。この場合も、外面をSWAAT試験による耐食性評価面とし、内面を循環サイクル試験による耐食性評価面とした。なお、表4、5の評価反対面はいずれの耐食性評価面でもなく、また、その面におけるクラッド率は3%とした。
本発明に係るアルミニウム合金クラッド材及びそれを用いた熱交換器についての第5実施例を示す。
本発明例1-49、2-58、3-58、4-67ではいずれも、製造中冷却条件がX11であり(表7)、380℃以上の熱間加工工程での加工率が10%である。そこで、上記各本発明例において、380℃以上の熱間加工工程での加工率を90%に変更して、クラッド管又はクラッド板をそれぞれ調製し、本発明例5-1~5-4用の試料とした。
2・・・犠牲陽極材層
3・・・ろう材層
4・・・チューブ材、チューブ
5・・・フィン材
8・・・ヘッダープレート
9・・・模擬熱交換器
11・・・電縫接合部
Claims (20)
- アルミニウム合金の心材と、当該心材の少なくとも一方の面にクラッドされた犠性陽極材層を備えるアルミニウム製クラッド材において、前記犠性陽極材層が、Si:0.10mass%以上1.50mass%未満、Mg:0.10~2.00mass%を含有し、残部Al及び不可避的不純物からなるアルミニウム合金からなり、前記犠性陽極材層に存在する円相当直径0.1~5.0μmのMg-Si系晶出物が100~150000個/mm2であり、円相当直径が5.0μmを超え10.0μm以下のMg-Si系晶出物が7個/mm2以下であることを特徴とするアルミニウム製クラッド材。
- 前記犠性陽極材層のアルミニウム合金が、Fe:0.05~1.00mass%、Ni:0.05~1.00mass%、Cu:0.05~1.00mass%、Mn:0.05~1.50mass%、Zn:0.05~1.00mass%、Ti:0.05~0.30mass%、Zr:0.05~0.30mass%、Cr:0.05~0.30mass%及びV:0.05~0.30mass%から選択される1種以上を更に含有する、請求項1に記載のアルミニウム製クラッド材。
- 前記アルミニウム合金の心材の一方の面に犠性陽極材層がクラッドされており、他方の面にろう材層がクラッドされている、請求項1又は2に記載のアルミニウム製クラッド材。
- 観察用の175℃で5時間の増感処理後に、前記犠牲陽極材層表面から5μmまでの深さの領域において観察される長さ10~1000nmのMg-Si系析出物が1000~100000個/μm3である、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載のアルミニウム製クラッド材。
- アルミニウム合金の心材と、当該心材の少なくとも一方の面にクラッドされた犠性陽極材層を備える熱交換器用アルミニウム製クラッド材において、前記犠性陽極材層が、Si:0.10mass%以上1.50mass%未満、Mg:0.10~2.00mass%を含有し、残部Al及び不可避的不純物からなるアルミニウム合金からなり、
ろう付相当加熱後において、(1)前記犠牲陽極材層表面のMg濃度が0.10mass%以上でSi濃度が0.05%mass以上であり、(2)前記犠牲陽極材層表面から30μm以上の深さの領域においてMgとSiの両方が存在し、(3)前記犠牲陽極材層に存在する円相当直径0.1~5.0μmのMg-Si系晶出物が100~150000個/mm2であり、円相当直径が5.0μmを超え10.0μm以下のMg-Si系晶出物が7個/mm2以下であることを特徴とする熱交換器用アルミニウム製クラッド材。 - 前記犠性陽極材層のアルミニウム合金が、Fe:0.05~1.00mass%、Ni:0.05~1.00mass%、Cu:0.05~1.00mass%、Mn:0.05~1.50mass%、Zn:0.05~1.00mass%、Ti:0.05~0.30mass%、Zr:0.05~0.30mass%、Cr:0.05~0.30mass%及びV:0.05~0.30mass%から選択される1種以上を更に含有する、請求項5に記載の熱交換器用アルミニウム製クラッド材。
- 前記アルミニウム合金の心材の一方の面に犠性陽極材層がクラッドされており、他方の面にろう材層がクラッドされている、請求項5又は6に記載の熱交換器用アルミニウム製クラッド材。
- ろう付相当加熱後において、(4)観察用の175℃で5時間の増感処理後に、前記犠牲陽極材層表面から5μmまでの深さの領域において観察される長さ10~1000nmのMg-Si系析出物が1000~100000個/μm3である、請求項5~7のいずれか一項に記載の熱交換器用アルミニウム製クラッド材。
- 請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載のアルミニウム製クラッド材の製造方法であって、前記犠性陽極材層用のアルミニウム合金を鋳塊表面の冷却速度が1℃/秒以上で半連続鋳造する半連続鋳造工程を含むことを特徴とするアルミニウム製クラッド材の製造方法。
- 請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載のアルミニウム製クラッド材の製造方法であって、前記犠性陽極材層用のアルミニウム合金を鋳塊表面の冷却速度が1℃/秒以上で半連続鋳造する半連続鋳造工程と;前記犠性陽極材層用の鋳塊を400~480℃の温度で1時間以上熱処理する均質化処理工程とすることを特徴とするアルミニウム製クラッド材の製造方法。
- 製造工程中において、アルミニウム製クラッド材の熱間加工工程と、当該熱間加工工程前にアルミニウム製クラッド材を400~530℃に加熱保持する加熱工程とを更に含み、前記熱間加工工程において、少なくとも1回の380℃以上における加工率50%以上の熱間加工を行ない、又は、380℃以上における加工率15%以上の熱間加工を3回以上行なう、請求項9又は10に記載のアルミニウム製クラッド材の製造方法。
- 製造工程中において、アルミニウム製クラッド材を350℃以上に加熱する最終の加熱工程と、当該最終の加熱工程に続くアルミニウム製クラッド材の冷却工程とを更に含み、当該冷却工程において、350℃から100℃までの冷却速度が1~500℃/分である、請求項9~11のいずれか一項に記載のアルミニウム製クラッド材の製造方法。
- 前記半連続鋳造工程後の冷却後において、100℃以上350℃未満で5~6000分間の前記犠牲陽極材鋳塊の熱処理工程を更に含む、請求項9又は11に記載のアルミニウム製クラッド材の製造方法。
- 前記半連続鋳造工程後の冷却後及び前記均質化処理後の冷却後の少なくともいずれかにおいて、100℃以上350℃未満で5~6000分間の前記犠牲陽極層用鋳塊の熱処理工程を更に含む、請求項10又は11に記載のアルミニウム製クラッド材の製造方法。
- 前記半連続鋳造工程後の冷却後及び前記最終の加熱工程に続く冷却後の少なくともいずれかにおいて、100℃以上350℃未満で5~6000分間の対応する前記犠牲陽極層用鋳塊及びアルミニウム製クラッド材の少なくともいずれかの熱処理工程を更に含む、請求項12に記載のアルミニウム製クラッド材の製造方法。
- 前記半連続鋳造工程後の冷却後、前記均質化処理後の冷却後及び前記最終の加熱工程に続く冷却後の少なくともいずれかにおいて、100℃以上350℃未満で5~6000分間の対応する前記犠牲陽極層用鋳塊及びアルミニウム製クラッド材の少なくともいずれかの熱処理工程を更に含む、請求項12に記載のアルミニウム製クラッド材の製造方法。
- 請求項5~8のいずれか一項に記載の熱交換器用アルミニウム製クラッド材が、熱交換器用チューブ材として用いられることを特徴とするアルミニウム製熱交換器。
- 請求項5~8のいずれか一項に記載の熱交換器用アルミニウム製クラッド材が、熱交換器用ヘッダー材として用いられることを特徴とするアルミニウム製熱交換器。
- 請求項5~8のいずれか一項に記載の熱交換器用アルミニウム製クラッド材を組立てる工程と;組立てた組立て材を590~610℃で2~10分間熱処理することによってろう付する工程と;ろう付した組立て材を350℃から100℃までの冷却速度を1~500℃/分として冷却する冷却工程と;を含むことを特徴とするアルミニウム製熱交換器の製造方法。
- 前記冷却工程に続いて、100℃以上350℃未満で5分~6000分間の熱処理工程を更に含む、請求項19に記載のアルミニウム製熱交換器の製造方法。
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| US12054811B2 (en) * | 2018-07-04 | 2024-08-06 | Showa Denko K.K. | Aluminum alloy member for forming fluoride film and aluminum alloy member having fluoride film |
| JP7252079B2 (ja) * | 2019-07-03 | 2023-04-04 | Maアルミニウム株式会社 | アルミニウム合金クラッド材 |
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