WO2015165369A1 - 制备纳米二氧化钛的方法 - Google Patents

制备纳米二氧化钛的方法 Download PDF

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WO2015165369A1
WO2015165369A1 PCT/CN2015/077495 CN2015077495W WO2015165369A1 WO 2015165369 A1 WO2015165369 A1 WO 2015165369A1 CN 2015077495 W CN2015077495 W CN 2015077495W WO 2015165369 A1 WO2015165369 A1 WO 2015165369A1
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titanium dioxide
solution
raffinate
nano titanium
dioxide according
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路庆昌
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Zibo Shengtai Composite Material Technology Co Ltd
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Priority to US15/307,672 priority patent/US9828255B2/en
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    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01GCOMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
    • C01G23/00Compounds of titanium
    • C01G23/04Oxides; Hydroxides
    • C01G23/047Titanium dioxide
    • C01G23/053Producing by wet processes, e.g. hydrolysing titanium salts
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    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01GCOMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
    • C01G23/00Compounds of titanium
    • C01G23/001Preparation involving a liquid-liquid extraction, an adsorption or an ion-exchange
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    • C01G23/00Compounds of titanium
    • C01G23/04Oxides; Hydroxides
    • C01G23/047Titanium dioxide
    • C01G23/053Producing by wet processes, e.g. hydrolysing titanium salts
    • C01G23/0536Producing by wet processes, e.g. hydrolysing titanium salts by hydrolysing chloride-containing salts
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    • C01G23/00Compounds of titanium
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    • C01G23/08Drying; Calcining ; After treatment of titanium oxide
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    • C01G49/00Compounds of iron
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    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B3/00Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
    • C22B3/04Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching
    • C22B3/06Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching in inorganic acid solutions, e.g. with acids generated in situ; in inorganic salt solutions other than ammonium salt solutions
    • C22B3/10Hydrochloric acid, other halogenated acids or salts thereof
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    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B3/00Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
    • C22B3/20Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
    • C22B3/22Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by physical processes, e.g. by filtration, by magnetic means, or by thermal decomposition
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82YSPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y30/00Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82YSPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y40/00Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
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    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2002/00Crystal-structural characteristics
    • C01P2002/70Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
    • C01P2002/72Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by d-values or two theta-values, e.g. as X-ray diagram
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    • C01P2002/70Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
    • C01P2002/74Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by peak-intensities or a ratio thereof only
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    • C01P2004/00Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/01Particle morphology depicted by an image
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    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
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    • C01P2004/03Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by SEM
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    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/60Particles characterised by their size
    • C01P2004/64Nanometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 nanometer
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    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2006/00Physical properties of inorganic compounds
    • C01P2006/80Compositional purity
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20Recycling

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of preparation of inorganic functional materials, in particular to a method for preparing nano titanium dioxide.
  • the sulfuric acid raw material is cheap, the process is mature, the equipment is simple, but the process flow is long, the energy consumption is high, the three wastes are discharged, and the product quality is poor.
  • the present invention provides a method of preparing nano titanium dioxide which can obtain high quality nano titanium dioxide at a low cost.
  • High-purity rutile or anatase-type nano-titanium dioxide method using ilmenite as raw material, leaching by hydrochloric acid, crystallization of ferrous chloride, oxidation, solvent extraction, iron removal, gelation, silicon removal, thermal hydrolysis, high purity Rutile or anatase nano titanium dioxide with a particle size of 10 to 40 nm
  • the present invention provides a method for preparing nano titanium dioxide, which comprises the following steps:
  • ilmenite Composition Generally, the ratio of mineral acid to acid is 1:3 to 4, the temperature of dissolution is 60 to 100 ° C, and the time of dissolution is 4 to 6 hours.
  • the ilmenite powder may have a particle diameter of 300 ⁇ m, and in this case, the dissolution ratio may be 90% or more.
  • the hydrochloric acid in the present invention can be recovered.
  • the recovered hydrochloric acid is concentrated by hydrogen chloride and can be reused in the next round of preparation of the nano titanium dioxide powder.
  • step (1) there is no particular requirement for a specific method for removing iron element in the ore solution, as long as the iron element in the ore can be removed, so that it does not remain in the finally obtained nano-titanium dioxide powder.
  • step (2) may include:
  • (2c) extraction solvent extraction of the second solution to obtain a stripping solution containing iron ions and a raffinate containing titanium ions;
  • the ilmenite generally contains divalent iron and ferric iron, so the ore solution contains divalent and trivalent iron ions.
  • the ferrous chloride tetrahydrate crystallizes by cooling the ore solution to 0 to 4 degrees Celsius.
  • the solution obtained after the step (2a) is referred to as a first solution for convenience of description.
  • the crystalline ferrous chloride tetrahydrate in the first solution can be separated by filtration.
  • the obtained ore solution obtained in the step (1) is cooled to 0 to 4 °C.
  • the first solution after crystallization of ferrous chloride still contains a small amount of ferrous iron, which can be oxidized to ferric iron, and then removed from the first solution by extraction to obtain a second solution.
  • the optional oxidizing agent may be any one of chlorine gas, hydrogen peroxide, and sodium chlorate. In order to make the extraction more complete, the complete degree of oxidation of ferrous iron is important, and the degree of oxidation can be achieved by on-line detection and control.
  • the type of the nano-titanium dioxide powder obtained in the step (4) can be controlled by selecting the type of the extracting agent and the number of extractions in the step 2 (c). After extraction, the titanium element can be separated from the iron element.
  • the second solution is extracted with an extracting agent to obtain a stripping solution containing ferric ions and a raffinate containing titanium ions.
  • the composition of the extractant can determine the type of nano titanium dioxide powder that is ultimately obtained.
  • the extracting agent is an organic oil phase containing an amine extractant
  • rutile-type titanium dioxide can be obtained by a continuous extraction of 3 to 3 stages.
  • the rutile-type titanium dioxide is already obtained.
  • the intermolecular water can be removed, and the residual chlorine can be removed, thereby To obtain a nano-titanium dioxide powder containing no water and chlorine.
  • the rutile-type titanium dioxide obtained in this embodiment has a purity of 99.5%, and the rutile-type nano-titanium has a particle diameter of 10 to 40 nm.
  • the amine extractant is a tertiary amine having the formula R 1 R 2 R 3 N, wherein R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are having 8 to 10 carbon atoms.
  • R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are having 8 to 10 carbon atoms.
  • the organic oil phase containing an amine extractant may further include a diluent in addition to the amine extractant.
  • the diluent may be selected from kerosene or an alcohol solvent.
  • the alcohol solvent may be selected from octanol or decyl alcohol, and the ratio of each component has a wide range of application and is not critical.
  • the raffinate phase containing titanium ions in addition to titanium ions, a small amount of iron ions, there are some other components that affect the purity of the hydrolyzate, such as silicon, phosphorus and the like.
  • the step (2) may further comprise: (2d) removing silicon: removing silicon in the raffinate to obtain the final solution.
  • the silicon therein can be agglomerated by gelation and then filtered to obtain the final solution.
  • An anatase type titanium dioxide powder can be obtained in the step (4) by the adjustment step (2c).
  • the step (2c) may include:
  • (2c 2 ) secondary solvent extraction a raffinate containing titanium ions obtained by one solvent extraction, and secondary extraction with an oil phase containing an organic phosphorus extractant, and the extraction process is continuous extraction from 3 to 5 stages to obtain an oil phase.
  • the step (2c 1 ) is the same as the step (2c) in preparing the rutile-type titanium dioxide powder, and details are not described herein again.
  • silicon in the titanium ion-containing raffinate obtained in the step (2c 2 ) is removed.
  • the aqueous phase containing hydrochloric acid obtained in the step (2c 2 ) is concentrated, it can be used in the next round of the preparation of the mineral-dissolving step in the nano-titanium dioxide powder, so that the production cost can be reduced.
  • anatase titanium dioxide After hydrolyzing the titanium ion-containing raffinate obtained in the step (2c 2 ), anatase titanium dioxide can be obtained. After calcination, an anatase type titanium dioxide powder having a purity of 99.8 to 99.9% and a particle diameter of 10 to 40 nm can be obtained.
  • step (3) of subjecting the final solution to heat hydrolysis it is necessary to adjust the acidity of the final solution, followed by heating and hydrolysis.
  • step (3) may include:
  • the hydrolysis temperature may be 80 to 110 ° C;
  • filtration can be carried out to obtain a hydrolyzed product of titanium oxide and a low concentration of hydrochloric acid.
  • the low concentration hydrochloric acid obtained in this step is concentrated with hydrogen chloride and used in the subsequent mineralization step in the preparation process of the nano titanium dioxide powder.
  • the hydrolyzed product obtained by filtration carries a certain amount of the hydrolysis mother liquid, and impurities therein are retained in the hydrolyzed product.
  • the hydrolyzate is washed in the step (3b).
  • dilute hydrochloric acid and ion-free water can be washed in steps to minimize the amount of washing liquid.
  • the final solution Prior to the start of step (3), the final solution needs to be finely filtered to prevent the formation of crystal centers from other suspensions present in the final solution to affect the crystalline quality of the titanium dioxide.
  • the hydrolysis conditions can be suitably controlled, for example, it is sometimes necessary to concentrate the final solution.
  • the method of hydrolysis may be carried out by means of evaporative hydrolysis, controlled temperature heating and hydrolysis.
  • the hydrolysis conditions have a significant effect on the quality of the hydrolyzed product.
  • the hydrolysis conditions affecting the quality of the hydrolyzed product mainly include acidity, concentration of titanium ions in the final solution, hydrolysis temperature, temperature increase rate, hydrolysis holding time, number of seeds and quality.
  • the above hydrolysis conditions can be selectively controlled depending on the requirements for the quality of the product.
  • the method performs the step (3) by means of forced seed hydrolysis by autogenous seed crystal, and the quality of the finally obtained nano-titanium dioxide powder is controlled by adjusting other conditions. It is generally possible to carry out reflux hydrolysis, and the critical hydrolysis temperature of the final solution is very important for the quality of the hydrolyzate.
  • the step (4) may comprise:
  • the titanium dioxide powder obtained in the step (3) is dried, the drying temperature is 200 ⁇ 300 ° C;
  • the above hydrolyzate is already rutile-type nano-titanium dioxide or anatase-type nano-titanium dioxide, but still requires a drying and calcination step.
  • the intermolecular water in the titanium dioxide powder obtained by the hydrolysis can be removed to the non-aqueous titanium dioxide.
  • Calcination increases the particle size of the dried titanium dioxide powder, but it is not significant over a certain temperature range, and too high a calcination temperature causes the particles to sinter, and therefore, the calcination temperature must be strictly controlled.
  • the calcination temperature is 800 to 900 ° C, which can prevent the nano titanium dioxide particles from excessively growing or sintering, and can lower the chlorine content in the nano titanium dioxide powder.
  • the step (4) may further comprise directly calcining the product obtained in the step (3) at a calcination temperature of 800 to 900 °C.
  • the method may further comprise: (5) pulverizing the product obtained in the step (4) to obtain a dispersed nano-titanium dioxide powder.
  • the product obtained in the step (4) is easily pulverized, and after pulverization, titanium dioxide having good dispersibility is obtained.
  • the raw materials are easily available, and even low-grade ilmenite can be used.
  • This kind of ore is used for iron making. Due to the presence of titanium, the blast furnace wall is nodulated and cannot be used.
  • the method of the present invention can be used, and the ore price is only Is one-half of the normal ilmenite;
  • the production process uses a relatively low reaction temperature, below 100 ° C;
  • the product has high purity and can reach 99.5% to 99.9%;
  • Example 1 is an XRD pattern of a rutile-type nano-titanium dioxide powder prepared by the method provided in Example 1 of the present invention
  • Example 3 is an XRD pattern of anatase nano titanium dioxide powder prepared by the method provided in Example 2 of the present invention
  • the nano titanium dioxide powder was prepared by the procedure of Example 1, except that in step (2c):
  • the hydrolysis temperature is 90 degrees Celsius
  • the hydrolysis time is 3 hours
  • the temperature is lowered.
  • the hydrolysis rate was 98% as determined by sampling.
  • the ferrous chloride crystal crystallized in the above example is mixed with the primary extraction stripping solution (a solution containing ferric iron), and the obtained solution contains ferrous iron 20.3 g/liter, total iron 42.15 g/liter, titanium 0.5. g/L, subjected to distillation thermal hydrolysis to obtain solid iron oxide, and the gas phase was collected by cooling to obtain 16% hydrochloric acid.
  • the primary extraction stripping solution a solution containing ferric iron
  • the purity of the titanium dioxide was 99.52% by XRD.
  • the composition analysis is shown in Example 1 in Table 1.
  • the phase of the nano-titanium dioxide powder in Example 1 is rutile, and the particle size of the nano-titanium dioxide was observed in the scanning electron microscope image. About 10 nm, see Figures 1 and 2.
  • Example 2 the purity of titanium dioxide was determined by XRD to be 99.91%, and the composition analysis was as shown in Example 2 in Table 1.
  • the phase of the nano titanium dioxide powder in Example 2 was anatase, and the particle size of the nano titanium dioxide was observed in a scanning electron microscope image. Around 10 nm, see Figures 3 and 4.

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Abstract

提供一种制备纳米二氧化钛的方法,包括如下步骤:(1)利用盐酸将钛铁矿粉进行溶解,以获得原矿溶液;(2)去除所述原矿溶液中的铁元素,以获得含有钛离子的最终溶液;(3)对所述最终溶液进行加热水解,以获得包括二氧化钛的水解产物;(4)对获得的水解产物进行煅烧,获得纳米二氧化钛。该方法原料易得、能耗低,既可生产金红石型也可生产锐钛型二氧化钛,产物纯度高、粒径小,粒径分布范围小,分散性好。

Description

制备纳米二氧化钛的方法 技术领域
本发明属于无机功能材料制备技术领域,具体是一种制备纳米二氧化钛的方法。
背景技术
二氧化钛具有稳定的物理性能、化学性能和优良的光学、电学性能,以及优良的颜料性能,用途十分广泛。涂料、塑料、橡胶、化纤、造纸、油墨、化妆品、玩具、电容器、显像管、国防尖端技术、食品、医药、化学试剂、电焊条、搪瓷、陶瓷、玻璃、耐火材料、冶金、人造宝石、美术颜料、皮革、印染色浆、肥皂、催化剂等都要用到二氧化钛。
目前,制备二氧化钛的方法主要有氯化法和硫酸法。
氯化法技术先进,流程短,易于实现自动化,产品质量好。但氯化法对原料品位要求高,需使用金红石矿做原料,而金红石矿属于稀缺资源。除此之外,氯化法技术难度大,利用氯化法制备二氧化钛时,需要利用高温下耐四氯化钛、氯气、氧气的材料和设备,这种材料和设备投资费用高,维修困难。
硫酸法原料便宜,工艺成熟,设备简单,但工艺流程长,能耗高,三废排放多,产品质量差。
目前,国内生产二氧化钛产能在3~15万吨/年的企业有47家,总产能为350万吨/年,其中,采用氯化法生产二氧化钛的企业只有一家,其它企业均采用硫酸法生产二氧化钛。但是,这些企业产能过剩,处于保本或亏损状态。
如何以较低的成本获得高品质的纳米二氧化钛为本领域亟待解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本发明提供一种制备纳米二氧化钛的方法,该方法可以以较低的成本获得高品质的纳米二氧化钛。高纯度金红石型或锐钛型纳米二氧化钛的方法,以钛铁矿为原料,经盐酸溶矿,结晶氯化亚铁,氧化,溶剂萃取除铁,胶凝除硅,热水解,得到高纯度的金红石型或锐钛型纳米二氧化钛,粒径在10~40nm
为了实现上述目的,本发明提供一种制备纳米二氧化钛的方法,其中,包括如下步骤:
(1)利用盐酸将钛铁矿粉进行溶解,以获得原矿溶液;
(2)去除所述原矿溶液中的铁元素,以获得含有钛离子的最终溶液;
(3)对所述最终溶液进行加热水解,以获得包括二氧化钛的水解产物;
(4)对获得的水解产物进行煅烧,获得纳米二氧化钛。
容易理解的是,所述步骤(1)为溶矿步骤。在本发明中,用盐酸溶矿,可以获得四氯化钛,四氯化钛加热水解可以获得二氧化钛。水解获得的二氧化钛经煅烧后,非常容易破碎分散,从而可以获得纳米二氧化钛粉末。利用本发明所提供的方法,对设备要求不高,而且可以获得高纯度、高品位的纳米二氧化钛粉末。
在本发明中,对步骤(1)中的矿酸比(即,钛铁矿粉末的重量与盐酸的重量之比)的具体值没有特殊的要求,足量的盐酸可提高溶矿率和溶矿速度,同时防止溶矿过程中钛的水解,以保证钛的溶出率。作为本发明的一种具体实施方式,可通过钛铁矿中酸可溶物及所消耗的氯化氢量、溶矿终了时所期望的钛液中盐酸的浓度进行计算,一般期望最终有约9mol/L的盐酸。也就是说,盐酸的质量浓度为30%~38%。
如果钛铁矿粉中铁的含量过高,高的酸度会使氯化铁在溶矿过程中析出,这样会减慢溶出速度,也会使析出的氯化铁过滤除去。因此,钛铁矿的 组成、酸浓度、浸出温度要综合考虑。一般矿酸比在1:3~4,溶矿温度在60~100℃,溶矿时间在4~6小时。
钛铁矿粉的粒度越小,则溶矿时的溶解速率越高,优选地,钛铁矿粉的粒径可以为300μm,在这种情况下,溶矿率可达90%以上。
如果使用浓度较低的盐酸,也可采用多次溶矿的方式,以达到预期的浸出率。
为了节约成本,可以将本发明中的盐酸回收。回收的盐酸经过氯化氢增浓后,可以在下一轮制备纳米二氧化钛粉末的过程中重新使用。
在本发明中,对除去原矿溶液中铁元素的具体方法也没有特殊的要求,只要能够将原矿中铁元素去除,从而不残留在最终获得的纳米二氧化钛粉末中即可。由于在步骤(1)中,利用盐酸在60~100℃进行溶矿,因此,在原矿溶液中存在亚铁离子,为了节约成本,可以通过冷却的方法去除铁元素。具体地,步骤(2)可以包括:
(2a)结晶氯化亚铁:对所述步骤(1)中得到的所述原矿溶液进行冷却,获得结晶四水合氯化亚铁,过滤分离所述结晶四水合氯化亚铁,得到第一溶液;
(2b)氧化:将所述第一溶液中残存的氯化亚铁氧化为氯化铁,获得第二溶液;
(2c)萃取:对所述第二溶液进行溶剂萃取,得到含铁离子的反萃液和含钛离子的萃余液;
(2d)除硅:去除所述萃余液中的硅,以获得所述最终溶液。
钛铁矿中一般含有二价铁和三价铁,所以原矿溶液中含有二价和三价铁离子。为了减少步骤(2c)中溶剂萃取负荷,在步骤(2a)中已经将大部分二价铁结晶除去。将原矿溶液冷却至0~4摄氏度即可使四水合氯化亚铁结晶析出,在本发明中,为了便于描述,将经过步骤(2a)后获得的溶液称为第一溶液。通过过滤可以分离第一溶液中的结晶四水合氯化亚铁。在步骤 (2a)中,适当注入氯化氢提高盐酸的浓度可使二价铁最大程度结晶,对结晶得到的结晶四水合氯化亚铁进行较高温度的水解可得到盐酸和铁的氧化物。对获得盐酸通入氯化氢增浓后,可以用于下一轮纳米二氧化钛粉末的制备工艺,水解获得的铁的氧化物可用作钢厂炼钢的原料。由此可知,利用本发明所提供的方法制备纳米二氧化钛还可以降低制备成本。
优选地,在所述步骤(2a)中,将所述步骤(1)中的得到的所述原矿溶液冷却至0~4℃。
结晶氯化亚铁后的第一溶液中仍含有少量二价铁,可以将其氧化为三价铁,然后通过萃取的方法从第一溶液中去除,以获得第二溶液。在步骤(2b)中,可选择的氧化试剂可以是氯气、双氧水和氯酸钠中的任意一种。为使萃取较为完全,二价铁氧化完全程度是重要的,氧化程度可通过在线检测控制实现。
通过选择步骤2(c)中萃取剂的类型和萃取的次数可以控制步骤(4)中所获得的纳米二氧化钛粉末的类型。经过萃取,可以将钛元素与铁元素分离。
利用萃取剂对所述第二溶液进行萃取,得到含有三价铁离子的反萃液和含有钛离子的萃余液。
因为步骤(2c)中所用到的萃取过程属于溶剂萃取,因此,萃取剂的选择及组成是重要的,其对萃取容量、选择性、分层速度有较大影响。另外萃取温度会导致萃取油相的粘度变化,对萃取剂的萃取容量、分离因数、分层速度影响显著,一般萃取温度应在30摄氏度。萃取段的油水比可选择1~2。
萃取剂的成分可以决定最终获得的纳米二氧化钛粉末的类型。例如,当萃取剂为含有胺类萃取剂的有机油相时,经过一次3~3级的连续萃取可以获得金红石型二氧化钛。
经过步骤(3)中的水解步骤之后,获得的已经是金红石型二氧化钛。经步骤(4)中的煅烧,可脱除分子间水,并且可以去除残余的氯,从而可 以得到不含水、不含氯的纳米二氧化钛粉末。在这种实施方式中获得的金红石型二氧化钛纯度可达99.5%,金红石型纳米二氧化钛的粒径为10~40nm。
作为本发明的一种优选实施方式,所述胺类萃取剂为叔胺,其通式是R1R2R3N,其中R1、R2、R3为具有8~10个碳原子的直链或支链的烃基。
含有胺类萃取剂的有机油相中除了包括所述胺类萃取剂之外,还可以包括稀释剂。所述稀释剂可选择煤油或醇类溶剂,进一步地,醇类溶剂可选择辛醇或癸醇,各组分的比例具有较宽的适用范围,并非是苛刻的。
在含钛离子的萃余相中,除含钛离子、少量铁离子之外尚含一些其它影响水解产物纯度的组分,如硅、磷等。
优选地,所述步骤(2)还可以包括:(2d)除硅:去除所述萃余液中的硅,以获得所述最终溶液。其中的硅可通过胶凝的方法使其凝聚,然后滤除,从而可以得到所述最终溶液。
通过调整步骤(2c),可以在步骤(4)中获得锐钛型二氧化钛粉末。具体地,所述步骤(2c)可以包括:
(2c1)一次溶剂萃取:将氧化后的钛液,用含有胺类萃取剂的有机油相进行3~5级连续萃取,得到含有三价铁离子的反萃液和含有钛离子的萃余液;
(2c2)二次溶剂萃取:一次溶剂萃取所得含有钛离子的萃余液,用含有机磷萃取剂的油相进行二次萃取,萃取过程为3~5级连续萃取,得到油相的含钛离子的萃余液和水相的含有盐酸的反萃液。
在这种实施方式中,步骤(2c1)与制备红金石型二氧化钛粉末中的步骤(2c)是相同的,这里不再赘述。在步骤(2d)中,除去所述步骤(2c2)中获得的含钛离子的萃余液中的硅。
在步骤(2c2)中,所述有机磷萃取剂为有机磷化合物或有机磷化合物的混合物,其通式为R1R2R3PO,其中R1、R2、R3为直链或支链的烃基,R1、R2、R3的碳原子之和大于12。容易理解的是,在步骤(2c2)中,含有机磷 萃取剂的油相还包括稀释剂,所述稀释剂可选择煤油或醇类溶剂,进一步地,醇类溶剂可选择辛醇或癸醇,各组分的比例具有较宽的适用范围,并非是苛刻的。
在步骤(2c2)中获得的含有盐酸的水相增浓后,可以用于下一轮制备纳米二氧化钛粉末中的溶矿步骤,从而可以降低生产成本。
对步骤(2c2)中获得的含钛离子的萃余液进行水解后,可以获得锐钛型二氧化钛。经煅烧后,可以获得纯度为99.8~99.9%、粒径为10~40nm的锐钛型二氧化钛粉末。
在对所述最终溶液进行加热水解的步骤(3)中,需要对所述最终溶液的酸度进行调整,然后再加热水解。
具体地,步骤(3)可以包括:
(3a)对步骤(2d)中获得的所述最终溶液进行加热水解,水解温度可以为80~110℃;
(3b)对所述步骤(3a)中获得的水解产物进行酸洗和无离子水洗涤,以获得二氧化钛粉末。
在步骤(3a)中的水解结束后,过滤可以得到水解产物二氧化钛和低浓度盐酸。此步骤中获得的低浓度盐酸经氯化氢增浓后用于下一轮纳米二氧化钛粉末的制备工艺中的溶矿步骤。
经过步骤(3a)后,经过滤得到的水解产物,该水解产物携带一定量的水解母液,将其中杂质留存于水解产物中。为了去除水解产物中的杂质,在步骤(3b)中,对所述水解产物进行洗涤。在本发明中,可用稀盐酸、无离子水梯次洗涤,以最大限度减少洗涤液的用量。
在步骤(3)开始之前,需要对所述最终溶液进行精滤,以防所述最终溶液中存在的其它悬浮物形成结晶中心影响二氧化钛的结晶质量。
为了适应对产物的质量要求,可以适当的控制水解条件,例如,有时需要对所述最终溶液进行浓缩。
水解的方式可选用蒸发水解、控制温度加热水解等方式。
水解条件对水解产物的质量影响显著,其中,影响水解产物的质量的水解条件主要包括酸度、最终溶液中钛离子的浓度、水解温度、升温速度、水解保温时间、晶种数量及质量。在本发明中,可根据对产物质量的不同要求对上述水解条件进行选择性地控制。
本方法采用自生晶种强制加热水解的方式进行所述步骤(3),通过对其它条件的调整来控制最终获得的纳米二氧化钛粉末的质量。一般可进行回流水解,最终溶液的临界水解温度对水解产物的质量非常重要。
为了获得干燥的纳米二氧化钛粉末,优选地,所述步骤(4)可以包括:
(4a)将步骤(3)中获得的二氧化钛粉末进行干燥,干燥温度为200~300℃;
(4b)将步骤(4a)中获得的产物进行煅烧,煅烧温度为700~800℃。
以上水解产物已是金红石型纳米二氧化钛或锐钛型纳米二氧化钛,但仍需进行干燥、煅烧的步骤。
经200~300℃干燥后,可脱除水解获得的二氧化钛粉末中的分子间水,到不含水的二氧化钛。煅烧会使干燥后的二氧化钛粉末的粒径变大,但在一定温度范围内并不显著,过高的煅烧温度会导致粒子烧结,因此,必须严格控制煅烧温度。优选地,在步骤(4b)中,煅烧温度为800~900℃,既可以防止纳米二氧化钛颗粒过度长大或烧结,又可使纳米二氧化钛粉末中的氯含量降低。
当然,所述步骤(4)还可以包括直接对步骤(3)中获得的产物进行煅烧,煅烧温度为800~900℃。
为了获得分散性良好的纳米二氧化钛粉末,优选地,所述方法还可以包括:(5)对所述步骤(4)中获得的产物进行粉碎,以获得分散的纳米二氧化钛粉末。
步骤(4)中获得的产物极易粉碎,粉碎后得到分散性好的二氧化钛。
本方法的优点是:
1.原料易得,甚至可用低品位的钛铁矿,此种矿用于炼铁,由于钛的存在,造成高炉炉壁结瘤,无法使用,本发明的方法则可使用,该矿石价格仅是正常钛铁矿的二分之一;
2.能耗低,生产过程采用相对低的反应温度,在100℃以下;
3.既可生产金红石型也可生产锐钛型二氧化钛,不须煅烧直接水解即可得到金红石型产物;
4.产物纯度高,可达到99.5%~99.9%;
5.粒径小,粒径分布范围小,分散性好;
6.反应条件温和,生产容易控制;
7.设备简单,投资费用低;
8.溶矿滤渣用于建筑材料,分离出的氯化铁经水解回收盐酸,得到的氧化铁用于集团公司钢厂作原料,其它物料实现循环,无排放;
9.本方法显著优点之一是使用氯化氢,提高了溶矿的浸出率,达到98%,同时增浓过程中回收的低浓度盐酸,使之充分利用;
10.本方法的另一显著特征是,溶剂萃取的应用纯化了钛液,使二氧化钛具有更好的纯度。本方法经过中试生产,证明可行,优势明显。
附图说明
附图是用来提供对本发明的进一步理解,并且构成说明书的一部分,与下面的具体实施方式一起用于解释本发明,但并不构成对本发明的限制。在附图中:
图1是利用本发明实施例1所提供的方法制得的金红石型纳米二氧化钛粉末的XRD图谱;
图2是利用本发明实施例1所提供的方法制得的金红石型纳米二氧化钛粉末的扫描图片;
图3是利用本发明实施例2所提供的方法制得的锐钛型纳米二氧化钛粉末的XRD图谱;
图4是利用本发明实施例2所提供的方法制得的锐钛型纳米二氧化钛粉末的扫描图片。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细说明。应当理解的是,此处所描述的具体实施方式仅用于说明和解释本发明,并不用于限制本发明。
实施例1:
(1)在1000L搪玻璃反应釜中投入200公斤粒径为200目的钛铁矿粉,加入31%的盐酸800公斤,关闭反应釜,利用蒸汽夹套加热至100℃,搅拌溶解4小时,然后夹套冷却水降温至30摄氏度,经密封无泄漏式板框过滤器过滤,得到清澈透明的原矿溶液,经检测及物料平衡计算,其中钛离子浓度65.33克/升,总铁离子55.88克/升,其中,二价铁离子41.39克/升,钛溶出率94.21%,铁溶出率95.23%;
(2)去除所述原矿溶液中的铁元素,以获得含有钛离子的最终溶液,具体包括:
(2a)将上述原矿溶液冷却至0℃,进行结晶,然后滤除四水合氯化亚铁,获得第一溶液;
(2b)利用计算量氯气对所述第一溶液进行氧化,搅拌加热至60℃,以将二价铁氧化完全并去除残余氯,还原进一步消除残余氯,并降温至室温,获得第二溶液,该第二溶液中的铁离子为三价铁离子;
(2c)利用含有胺类萃取剂的有机油相对所述第二溶液进行三级连续萃取和反萃,得到含三价铁离子的反萃液和含钛离子的萃余液;
(2d)对萃余液进行搅拌下加入阴离子高分子絮凝剂,然后对萃余液进 行精滤,得到最终溶液,在所述最终溶液中,钛离子浓度为62.05克/升,三价铁离子0.40克/升,酸浓度6.66mol/L;
(3)对所述最终溶液进行加热水解,以获得包括二氧化钛的水解产物,具体包括:
(3a)加热强制回流水解,水解温度为85℃,水解时间3小时,降温,取样测得水解率为97%;
(3b)将水解产物滤出,然后利用稀盐酸对水解产物进行洗涤,再利用无离子水对稀盐酸洗涤后的水解产物进行二次洗涤;
(4)将步骤(3b)中洗涤后的水解产物在900℃下煅烧2小时;
(5)将步骤(4)中的煅烧产物破碎。
其中,含有胺类萃取剂的有机油相组分为:叔胺/辛醇/煤油=45wt%:5wt%:50wt%。
实施例2
利用实施例1中的步骤制备纳米二氧化钛粉末,不同之处在于,在步骤(2c)包括:
(2c1)利用含有胺类萃取剂的有机油对所述第二溶液进行三级连续萃取,以获得含有三价铁离子的反萃液和含有钛离子的萃余液;
(2c2)二次溶剂萃取:利用含有机磷萃取剂的油相对所述步骤(2c1)中获得的含有钛离子的萃余液进行二次萃取,萃取过程为三级连续萃取,得到油相的含钛离子的萃余液和水相的含有盐酸的反萃液;
(2c3)对所述萃取油相进行洗涤,以进一步除去杂质,再进行五级反萃,随后精滤,滤除杂质后得到含钛离子的最终溶液。经检测,所述最终溶液中钛离子浓度33.02克/升,未检测到三价铁离子,酸浓度6.62mol/L。
在所述步骤(3)中,水解温度为90摄氏度,水解时间3小时,降温。取样测定水解率为98%。
其中,步骤(2c1)中,含有胺类萃取剂的有机油相的组分为:叔胺/辛醇/煤油=45wt%:5wt%:50wt%。在步骤(2c2)中,含有机磷萃取剂的油相的组分为:有机磷萃取剂/辛醇/煤油=20wt%:15wt%:65wt%。
将上述例中结晶的氯化亚铁结晶与一次萃取的反萃液(含三价铁的溶液)混合,得到的溶液中含有二价铁20.3克/升,总铁42.15克/升,钛0.5克/升,进行蒸馏热水解,得到固体氧化铁,气相经冷却收集,得到16%的盐酸。
检测例1
实施1中,利用XRD检测二氧化钛纯度99.52%,成分分析见表1中实施例1,实施例1中的纳米二氧化钛粉末的物相为金红石型,在扫描电镜图片中观测到纳米二氧化钛的粒径在10nm左右,见附图1、2。
检测例2
实施例2中,利用XRD检测二氧化钛纯度99.91%,成分分析见表1中实施例2,实施例2中纳米二氧化钛粉末的物相为锐钛型,在扫描电镜图片中观测到纳米二氧化钛的粒径在10nm左右,见附图3、4。
表1
Figure PCTCN2015077495-appb-000001
可以理解的是,以上实施方式仅仅是为了说明本发明的原理而采用的示例性实施方式,然而本发明并不局限于此。对于本领域内的普通技术人员而言,在不脱离本发明的原理和实质的情况下,可以做出各种变型和改进,这些变型和改进也视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种制备纳米二氧化钛的方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
    (1)利用盐酸将钛铁矿粉进行溶解,以获得原矿溶液;
    (2)去除所述原矿溶液中的铁元素,以获得含有钛离子的最终溶液;
    (3)对所述最终溶液进行加热水解,以获得包括二氧化钛的水解产物;
    (4)对获得的水解产物进行煅烧,获得纳米二氧化钛。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的制备纳米二氧化钛的方法,其特征在于,在所述步骤(1)中,盐酸的质量浓度为30%~38%,钛铁矿粉与盐酸的质量比为1:3~5。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的制备纳米二氧化钛的方法,其特征在于,在所述步骤(1)中,溶矿温度为60~100℃;
    所述步骤(2)包括:
    (2a)结晶氯化亚铁:对所述步骤(1)中得到的所述原矿溶液进行冷却,获得结晶四水合氯化亚铁,过滤分离所述结晶四水合氯化亚铁,得到第一溶液;
    (2b)氧化:向所述第一溶液中添加氧化试剂,以将所述第一溶液中残存的氯化亚铁氧化为氯化铁,获得第二溶液;
    (2c)萃取:对所述第二溶液进行溶剂萃取,得到含铁离子的反萃液和含钛离子的萃余液;
    (2d)除硅:去除所述萃余液中的硅,以获得所述最终溶液。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的制备纳米二氧化钛的方法,其特征在于,在所述步骤(2a)中,将所述步骤(1)中的得到的所述原矿溶液冷却至0~4℃。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的制备纳米二氧化钛的方法,其特征在于,在所述步骤(2b)中选用的所述氧化试剂为氯酸钠、双氧水和氯气中的任意一者。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的制备纳米二氧化钛的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(4)中获得的纳米二氧化钛为金红石型二氧化钛,在所述步骤(2c)中,用含有胺类萃取剂的有机油相进行3~5级连续萃取。
  7. 根据权利要求3所述的制备纳米二氧化钛的方法,其特征在于,在所述步骤(4)中获得的纳米二氧化钛为锐钛型二氧化钛粉末,
    所述步骤(2c)包括:
    (2c1)一次溶剂萃取:利用含有胺类萃取剂的有机油相对所述第二溶液进行3~5级连续萃取,得到含有三价铁离子的反萃液和含有钛离子的萃余液;
    (2c2)二次溶剂萃取:利用含有机磷萃取剂的油相对所述步骤(2c1)中获得的含有钛离子的萃余液进行二次萃取,萃取过程为3~5级连续萃取,得到油相的含钛离子的萃余液和水相的含有盐酸的反萃液,其中,
    在所述步骤(2d)中,除去所述步骤(2c2)中获得的含钛离子的萃余液中的硅。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的制备纳米二氧化钛的方法,其特征在于,所述有机磷萃取剂包括有机磷化合物或有机磷化合物的混合物,其通式为R1R2R3PO,其中R1、R2、R3为直链或支链的烃基,R1、R2、R3的碳原子之和大于12。
  9. 根据权利要求6至8中任意一项所述的制备纳米二氧化钛的方法,其特征在于,所述胺类萃取剂包括叔胺,其通式是R1R2R3N,其中R1、R2、 R3为具有8~10个碳原子的直链或支链的烃基。
  10. 根据权利要求6至8中任意一项所述的制备纳米二氧化钛的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2d)包括向所述步骤(2c)中获得的萃余液加入胶凝剂,使所述萃余液中的硅凝聚沉降,滤除沉淀物后获得所述最终溶液。
  11. 根据权利要求1至8中任意一项所述的制备纳米二氧化钛的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(3)包括:
    (3a)对所述步骤(2d)中获得的所述最终溶液进行加热水解,水解温度为80~110℃;
    (3b)对所述步骤(3a)中获得的水解产物进行酸洗和无离子水洗涤,以获得二氧化钛粉末。
  12. 根据权利要求1至8中任意一项所述的制备纳米二氧化钛的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(4)包括:
    (4a)将步骤(3)中获得的二氧化钛粉末进行干燥,干燥温度为200~300℃;
    (4b)将步骤(4a)中获得的产物进行煅烧,煅烧温度为800~900℃。
  13. 根据权利要求1至8中任意一项所述的制备纳米二氧化钛的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(4)包括对所述步骤(3)中获得的二氧化钛粉末进行煅烧,煅烧温度为800~900℃。
  14. 根据权利要求1至8中任意一项所述的制备纳米二氧化钛的方法,其特征在于,所述方法还包括:
    (5)对所述步骤(4)中获得的产物进行粉碎,以获得分散的纳米二氧化钛粉末。
PCT/CN2015/077495 2014-04-30 2015-04-27 制备纳米二氧化钛的方法 Ceased WO2015165369A1 (zh)

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