WO2015166567A1 - 燃料電池システム及び燃料電池システムの制御方法 - Google Patents
燃料電池システム及び燃料電池システムの制御方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015166567A1 WO2015166567A1 PCT/JP2014/062028 JP2014062028W WO2015166567A1 WO 2015166567 A1 WO2015166567 A1 WO 2015166567A1 JP 2014062028 W JP2014062028 W JP 2014062028W WO 2015166567 A1 WO2015166567 A1 WO 2015166567A1
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- fuel cell
- outside air
- cathode
- cell system
- idle stop
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
- H01M8/04303—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during shut-down
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/70—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by fuel cells
- B60L50/72—Constructional details of fuel cells specially adapted for electric vehicles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04104—Regulation of differential pressures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04228—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during shut-down
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04544—Voltage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04791—Concentration; Density
- H01M8/04798—Concentration; Density of fuel cell reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fuel cell system for a vehicle including a fuel cell that generates electric power by receiving supply of anode gas and cathode gas, and a control method of the fuel cell system.
- idle stop control is performed to idle stop the fuel cell system according to the running state of the vehicle.
- idle stop the extraction of current from the fuel cell is stopped, so that the power consumption efficiency in the fuel cell system can be increased.
- Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2007-73278 discloses a fuel that prevents the anode gas (hydrogen gas) in the diluting device arranged in the cathode discharge passage from flowing backward to the cathode electrode side by closing the cathode pressure regulating valve at the time of idling stop.
- a battery system is disclosed.
- the voltage of the fuel cell during the idle stop is within a predetermined voltage range in consideration of a smooth return from the idle stop to the normal power generation state.
- the cathode gas supply by the cathode compressor is stopped, and the cathode gas remaining in the fuel cell is consumed by reacting with the anode gas that has permeated to the cathode electrode side, and the voltage of the fuel cell is Decrease gradually.
- the above-described fuel cell system has a problem that the cathode gas tends to be insufficient because the cathode pressure regulating valve is closed during idle stop.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell system and a fuel cell system control method capable of suppressing cathode gas shortage during idle stop.
- a fuel cell system for a vehicle including a fuel cell that generates electric power by receiving supply of anode gas and cathode gas.
- the fuel cell system includes an idle stop execution unit that idle-stops the fuel cell system according to a vehicle running state, a compressor control unit that controls the cathode compressor to stop at idle stop, and introduction of outside air to the fuel cell at idle stop.
- an outside air introduction control unit for suppressing. The outside air introduction control unit releases the suppression of outside air introduction according to the voltage of the fuel cell during the idle stop.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a fuel cell system according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining voltage control of the fuel cell stack during idle stop.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing the cathode supply control during idle stop executed by the controller of the fuel cell system according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a timing chart for explaining idle stop cathode control when the cathode pressure regulating valve is opened to introduce outside air.
- FIG. 5 is a timing chart for explaining idle stop cathode control when the cathode compressor is driven to forcibly introduce outside air.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing the cathode supply control during idle stop executed by the controller of the fuel cell system according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a timing chart for explaining the cathode supply control during idle stop in the second embodiment.
- FIG. 8A is a diagram showing a modification of the fuel cell system.
- FIG. 8B is a diagram showing a modification of the fuel cell system.
- FIG. 8C is a diagram showing a modification of the fuel cell system.
- FIG. 8D is a diagram showing a modification of the fuel cell system.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic configuration diagram of a fuel cell system according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing cathode supply control during idle stop executed by the controller of the fuel cell system according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing the cathode supply control during idle stop executed by the controller of the fuel cell system according to the modification of the third embodiment.
- a fuel cell system 100 shown in FIG. 1 is a fuel cell system mounted on a moving body such as a fuel cell vehicle.
- the fuel cell system 100 includes a fuel cell stack 1, a cathode gas supply / discharge device 2, an anode gas supply / discharge device 3, a power system 4, and a controller 50.
- the fuel cell stack 1 is a battery configured by stacking a plurality of fuel cells (single cells).
- the fuel cell stack 1 receives the supply of the anode gas and the cathode gas and generates electric power necessary for traveling of the vehicle.
- the cathode gas supply / discharge device 2 supplies cathode gas (air) to the fuel cell stack 1 and discharges cathode off-gas discharged from the fuel cell stack 1 to the outside.
- the cathode gas supply / discharge device 2 includes a cathode gas supply passage 21, a cathode gas discharge passage 22, a cathode compressor 23, a cathode pressure sensor 24, and a cathode pressure regulating valve 25.
- the cathode gas supply passage 21 is a passage through which the cathode gas supplied to the fuel cell stack 1 flows.
- One end of the cathode gas supply passage 21 is formed as an open end, and the other end of the cathode gas supply passage 21 is connected to the cathode gas inlet of the fuel cell stack 1.
- the front end opening of the cathode gas supply passage 21 is formed facing the front of the vehicle, and has a structure in which outside air can be easily taken.
- the cathode gas discharge passage 22 is a passage through which the cathode off gas discharged from the fuel cell stack 1 flows. One end of the cathode gas discharge passage 22 is connected to the cathode gas outlet of the fuel cell stack 1, and the other end is formed as an open end.
- the cathode off gas is a mixed gas containing cathode gas and water vapor generated by electrode reaction.
- the cathode compressor 23 is provided at the tip of the cathode gas supply passage 21.
- the cathode compressor 23 takes in air as the cathode gas and supplies the cathode gas to the fuel cell stack 1.
- the cathode compressor 23 is configured so that the cathode gas can pass through the compressor even when the drive is stopped.
- the operation of the cathode compressor 23 is controlled by a controller 50 described later.
- the cathode pressure sensor 24 is provided in the cathode gas supply passage 21 near the cathode gas inlet of the fuel cell stack 1.
- the cathode pressure sensor 24 detects the pressure of the cathode gas supplied to the fuel cell stack 1.
- the cathode gas pressure detected by the cathode pressure sensor 24 represents the pressure of the entire cathode system including the cathode gas flow path and the like of the fuel cell stack 1.
- the cathode pressure regulating valve 25 is provided in the cathode gas discharge passage 22.
- the cathode pressure regulating valve 25 is controlled to be opened and closed by the controller 50 and adjusts the pressure of the cathode gas supplied to the fuel cell stack 1.
- the anode gas supply / discharge device 3 supplies anode gas (hydrogen gas) to the fuel cell stack 1 and discharges anode off-gas discharged from the fuel cell stack 1 to the cathode gas discharge passage 22.
- anode gas hydrogen gas
- the anode gas supply / discharge device 3 includes an anode gas supply passage 31, an anode gas discharge passage 32, a high pressure tank 33, an anode pressure regulating valve 34, an anode pressure sensor 35, and a purge valve 36.
- the high pressure tank 33 is a container for storing the anode gas supplied to the fuel cell stack 1 while maintaining the high pressure state.
- the anode gas supply passage 31 is a passage for supplying the anode gas discharged from the high-pressure tank 33 to the fuel cell stack 1.
- One end of the anode gas supply passage 31 is connected to the high pressure tank 33, and the other end is connected to the anode gas inlet of the fuel cell stack 1.
- the anode pressure regulating valve 34 is provided in the anode gas supply passage 31 downstream of the high pressure tank 33.
- the anode pressure regulating valve 34 is controlled to be opened and closed by the controller 50 and adjusts the pressure of the anode gas supplied to the fuel cell stack 1.
- the anode pressure sensor 35 is provided in the anode gas supply passage 31 near the anode gas inlet of the fuel cell stack 1.
- the anode pressure sensor 35 detects the pressure of the anode gas supplied to the fuel cell stack 1.
- the anode gas pressure detected by the anode pressure sensor 35 represents the pressure of the entire anode system including the anode gas flow path of the fuel cell stack 1 and the like.
- the anode gas discharge passage 32 is a passage through which the anode off gas discharged from the fuel cell stack 1 flows. One end of the anode gas discharge passage 32 is connected to the anode gas outlet portion of the fuel cell stack 1, and the other end is connected to the cathode gas discharge passage 22 downstream from the cathode pressure regulating valve 25.
- the purge valve 36 is provided in the anode gas discharge passage 32.
- the purge valve 36 is controlled to be opened and closed by the controller 50 and controls the purge flow rate of the anode off-gas discharged from the anode gas discharge passage 32 to the cathode gas discharge passage 22.
- the anode off gas is discharged to the outside through the anode gas discharge passage 32 and the cathode gas discharge passage 22. At this time, the anode off gas is mixed with the cathode off gas in the cathode gas discharge passage 22. Thus, the anode off gas and the cathode off gas are mixed and discharged to the outside, so that the hydrogen concentration in the mixed gas is set to a value equal to or lower than the discharge allowable concentration.
- the power system 4 includes a travel motor 41, an inverter 42, a battery 43, a DC / DC converter 44, a current sensor 45, and a voltage sensor 46.
- the traveling motor 41 is a three-phase AC synchronous motor, and is a drive source for driving the wheels of the vehicle.
- the travel motor 41 has a function as an electric motor that rotates by receiving power supplied from the fuel cell stack 1 and the battery 43, and a function as a generator that generates electric power by being rotationally driven by an external force.
- the inverter 42 is composed of a plurality of semiconductor switches such as IGBTs.
- the semiconductor switch of the inverter 42 is subjected to switching control by the controller 50, whereby a direct current is converted into an alternating current or an alternating current is converted into a direct current.
- the traveling motor 41 is caused to function as an electric motor, the inverter 42 converts a combined current of the output current of the fuel cell stack 1 and the output current of the battery 43 into a three-phase alternating current and supplies the three-phase alternating current to the traveling motor 41.
- the traveling motor 41 functions as a generator, the inverter 42 converts the regenerative alternating current of the traveling motor 41 into a direct current and supplies it to the battery 43.
- the battery 43 is configured such that the surplus output power of the fuel cell stack 1 and the regenerative power of the traveling motor 41 are charged.
- the electric power charged in the battery 43 is supplied to auxiliary equipment such as the cathode compressor 23 and the traveling motor 41 as necessary.
- the DC / DC converter 44 is a bidirectional voltage converter that raises and lowers the output voltage of the fuel cell stack 1. By controlling the output voltage of the fuel cell stack 1 by the DC / DC converter 44, the output current of the fuel cell stack 1 and the like are adjusted.
- the current sensor 45 detects the output current taken out from the fuel cell stack 1.
- the voltage sensor 46 detects the output voltage of the fuel cell stack 1, that is, the voltage across the terminals of the fuel cell stack 1.
- the controller 50 includes a microcomputer having a central processing unit (CPU), a read only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), and an input / output interface (I / O interface).
- CPU central processing unit
- ROM read only memory
- RAM random access memory
- I / O interface input / output interface
- the controller 50 includes an accelerator stroke sensor 51 that detects the amount of depression of the accelerator pedal and a vehicle speed sensor 52 that detects the vehicle traveling speed. A signal from a sensor for detecting the vehicle driving state is input.
- the controller 50 calculates the target output power of the fuel cell stack 1 based on the vehicle running state and the operating state of the fuel cell system 100.
- the controller 50 calculates the target output power based on the required power of the traveling motor 41, the required power of the auxiliary machinery, the charge / discharge request of the battery 43, and the like.
- the controller 50 calculates a target output current of the fuel cell stack 1 by referring to a predetermined current-voltage characteristic of the fuel cell stack 1 based on the target output power. Then, the controller 50 uses the DC / DC converter 44 to control the voltage of the fuel cell stack 1 so that the output current of the fuel cell stack 1 becomes the target output current.
- the controller 50 temporarily stops the power generation in the fuel cell stack 1 when the required power for the fuel cell stack 1 is low, such as during low-load travel, and the travel motor 41 or A so-called idle stop control is performed to drive auxiliary machinery and the like. If the required power increases due to an acceleration request or the like during the idle stop, or if the charge amount of the battery 43 falls below a predetermined threshold, the controller 50 ends the idle stop and restarts the power generation in the fuel cell stack 1. .
- the driving of the cathode compressor 23 is basically stopped, and the cathode gas remaining in the fuel cell stack 1 is consumed by reacting with the anode gas (hydrogen gas) that has permeated to the cathode electrode side. Is done. Thereby, the voltage of the fuel cell stack 1 gradually decreases. If the duration of the idle stop becomes longer and the voltage of the fuel cell stack 1 decreases too much, it takes time for the voltage of the fuel cell stack 1 to recover to the required voltage value after returning from the idle stop. Response delay will increase.
- the voltage of the fuel cell stack 1 during idling stop is managed so as to be within the preset lower limit value V L and upper limit value V H. Is done.
- the upper limit value V H is set to a value that can avoid high potential deterioration.
- the fuel cell system 100 when the voltage of the fuel cell stack 1 decreases to the lower limit value V L during the idling stop, the fuel cell system 100 causes the fuel cell stack 1 to have a cathode until the voltage reaches the upper limit value V H. It is configured to supply gas.
- the fuel cell system 100 has a feature in the cathode gas supply control during the idle stop, and supplies the cathode gas using the environmental wind or the traveling wind.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing cathode supply control during idle stop executed by the controller 50.
- the idle supply cathode supply control is repeatedly executed during the idle stop of the fuel cell system 100.
- the controller 50 determines whether or not the idle stop control is being executed in the fuel cell system 100. For example, the controller 50 refers to a flag related to idle stop control and determines whether or not the idle stop control is being executed based on the flag.
- the idle stop control is executed when the required power for the fuel cell stack 1 is low, such as during low-load running. That is, the controller 50 determines that the required load on the fuel cell stack 1 is below the reference value, the anode gas pressure and the cathode gas pressure are within a predetermined pressure range, and the temperature of the cooling water that cools the fuel cell stack 1 is within the predetermined temperature range. If it is, it is determined that the idle stop condition is satisfied, and the idle stop control is executed. When there is an acceleration request or the like from the driver, the controller 50 stops execution of the cathode supply control during idle stop, returns from idle stop control, and resumes normal power generation control.
- the controller 50 ends the cathode supply control during the idle stop. On the other hand, when it is determined in S101 that the idle stop is being executed, the controller 50 executes the process of S102.
- the controller 50 stops driving the cathode compressor 23. Thereafter, in S103, the controller 50 controls the cathode pressure regulating valve 25 to be fully closed. By closing the cathode pressure regulating valve 25 in this way, it is possible to prevent unnecessary outside air such as traveling wind from being supplied to the fuel cell stack 1 while the cathode compressor 23 is stopped.
- the purge valve 36 is closed, and the opening of the anode pressure regulating valve 34 is controlled so that the anode gas pressure becomes a predetermined pressure.
- the controller 50 determines whether or not the voltage V1 of the fuel cell stack 1 during the idle stop is equal to or lower than the lower limit value VL .
- the voltage V1 of the fuel cell stack 1 is calculated based on the detection signal of the voltage sensor 46.
- the voltage V1 of the fuel cell stack 1 is a voltage across the terminals of the fuel cell stack 1, but may be an average voltage value calculated based on the voltage of each single cell constituting the fuel cell stack 1. .
- the controller 50 When the voltage V1 of the fuel cell stack 1 is larger than the lower limit value VL , the controller 50 performs steps S102 to S104 until the cathode gas in the fuel cell stack 1 is consumed and the voltage V1 reaches the lower limit value VL . Repeat the process.
- the controller 50 controls the fuel in order to suppress the response delay of the output voltage of the fuel cell stack 1 when returning from the idle stop. It is determined that the voltage of the battery stack 1 needs to be recovered, and the process of S105 is executed.
- the controller 50 controls the cathode pressure regulating valve 25 from the fully closed state to the fully opened state. In this way, by opening the cathode pressure regulating valve 25 during idle stop, even when the cathode compressor 23 is in a stopped state, the environmental wind generated around the vehicle and the traveling wind during the vehicle travel are the cathode compressor 23 and the cathode.
- the fuel cell stack 1 is supplied through the gas supply passage 21.
- the cathode pressure regulating valve 25 has a function of controlling the state of external air introduced into the fuel cell stack 1 during idle stop.
- the controller 50 determines the voltage V1 of the fuel cell stack 1 to or greater than the upper limit value V H.
- the controller 50 ends the current idle stop at the cathode supply control. Thereafter, the controller 50 starts the cathode supply control at the time of idle stop again, and executes the process of S101.
- the controller 50 determines the voltage of the fuel cell stack 1 to have not yet recovered, executes the processing of S107.
- the controller 50 determines whether or not the compressor driving condition is satisfied.
- the controller 50 determines the second lower limit value when the voltage V1 of the fuel cell stack 1 is set lower than the lower limit value VL when a predetermined time has elapsed since the cathode pressure adjustment valve 25 was opened in S105, or after the cathode pressure regulation valve 25 is opened. If the drops to V L2, determines that the compressor driving condition is satisfied.
- the controller 50 executes the process of S106 again.
- the controller 50 executes the process of S108.
- the controller 50 drives the cathode compressor 23 to forcibly supply outside air to the fuel cell stack 1. After the process of S108, the controller 50 executes the process of S106 again. Thus, when the compressor driving condition is satisfied, the cathode compressor 23 is driven, the cathode gas supply is continued until the voltage V1 of the fuel cell stack 1 reaches the upper limit V H.
- the voltage V1 of the fuel cell stack 1 during idling stop falls within the range between the lower limit value V L and the upper limit value V H as shown in FIG. Managed.
- FIG. 4 illustrates a case where the cathode pressure regulating valve 25 is opened to introduce outside air, and is a timing chart related to the processing of S105 and S106 of FIG.
- FIG. 5 illustrates a case where the cathode compressor 23 is driven to forcibly introduce the outside air, and is a timing chart related to the processing of S105 to S108 in FIG.
- the cathode pressure regulating valve 25 is controlled to be fully open state from the fully closed state.
- the cathode pressure regulating valve 25 is opened in this way, even when the cathode compressor 23 is in a stopped state, the environmental wind generated around the vehicle and the traveling wind during traveling of the vehicle pass through the cathode compressor 23 and the cathode gas supply passage 21. It is supplied to the fuel cell stack 1. Even if the outside air is not forcibly introduced by the cathode compressor 23, outside air such as traveling wind is introduced, so that the voltage of the fuel cell stack 1 gradually increases as shown in FIG.
- the cathode pressure regulating valve 25 is closed. Thereafter, the cathode pressure regulating valve 25 is maintained in the fully closed state until the voltage of the fuel cell stack 1 reaches the lower limit value V L or until the idle stop control ends.
- the fuel cell system 100 opens the cathode pressure regulating valve 25 when the voltage of the fuel cell stack 1 drops to the lower limit value VL during idling stop, so that the running wind can be achieved without driving the cathode compressor 23. Or the like can be supplied to the fuel cell stack 1 as cathode gas.
- the cathode pressure regulating valve 25 is The fully closed state is controlled to the fully open state. This allows outside air such as traveling wind to be supplied to the fuel cell stack 1. However, if the environmental wind generated around the vehicle or the running wind during vehicle running is weak, even if the cathode pressure regulating valve 25 is opened, the cathode gas shortage cannot be compensated for and the voltage of the fuel cell stack 1 may not recover. Conceivable.
- the cathode compressor 23 When the voltage of the fuel cell stack 1 reaches the upper limit value V H at time t 16, the cathode compressor 23 is stopped, the cathode pressure regulating valve 25 is closed immediately thereafter. Thereafter, the cathode pressure regulating valve 25 is maintained in the fully closed state until the voltage of the fuel cell stack 1 reaches the lower limit value V L or until the idle stop control ends.
- the cathode compressor 23 is driven when the voltage of the fuel cell stack 1 does not recover even when the cathode pressure regulating valve 25 is opened during idle stop and a predetermined compressor driving condition is satisfied. To do. Therefore, even when the traveling wind is weak, the cathode gas can be reliably supplied to the fuel cell stack 1. By supplying outside air in this way, the shortage of cathode gas during idle stop can be solved, and the voltage of the fuel cell stack 1 can be managed within the range between the lower limit value V L and the upper limit value V H.
- the controller 50 performs stop control of the cathode compressor during idle stop. At this time, by closing the cathode pressure regulating valve 25 disposed in the cathode gas discharge passage 22, introduction of outside air such as traveling wind into the fuel cell stack 1 can be suppressed. Then, the controller 50 controls the cathode pressure regulating valve 25 to open according to the voltage of the fuel cell stack 1 during the idle stop, and cancels the suppression of the introduction of the outside air. More specifically, the cathode pressure regulating valve 25 is opened when the voltage of the fuel cell stack 1 during idle stop reaches the lower limit value VL .
- the cathode pressure regulating valve 25 By releasing the suppression of the introduction of the outside air by the cathode pressure regulating valve 25 during idle stop, it is possible to supply the outside air such as traveling wind as the cathode gas to the fuel cell stack 1 without driving the cathode compressor 23.
- the environmental wind around the vehicle can be supplied to the fuel cell stack 1 as cathode gas.
- the fuel cell system 100 is configured such that the outside air flows into the fuel cell stack 1 from the cathode gas supply passage 21 by releasing the suppression of the introduction of the outside air. As a result, the shortage of cathode gas during idle stop can be solved. Further, since the cathode gas is supplied without driving the cathode compressor 23, the power consumption in the cathode compressor 23 can be saved, and the power consumption efficiency in the fuel cell system 100 can be increased.
- the controller 50 of the fuel cell system 100 the cathode pressure regulating valve 25 is opened when the voltage of the fuel cell stack 1 reaches the upper limit value V H, closed again cathode pressure regulating valve 25.
- This can suppress the introduction of unwanted ambient air, the voltage of the fuel cell stack 1 can be prevented from exceeding the upper limit value V H during the idle stop. Therefore, according to the fuel cell system 100, the voltage of the fuel cell stack 1 can be managed within the range between the lower limit value V L and the upper limit value V H during the idle stop.
- the controller 50 of the fuel cell system 100 determines the cathode until the voltage of the fuel cell stack 1 reaches the upper limit value when the voltage of the fuel cell stack 1 does not recover after the cathode pressure regulating valve 25 is opened during the idle stop.
- the compressor 23 is driven.
- Second Embodiment A fuel cell system 100 according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. Note that in the following embodiments, the same reference numerals are used for configurations and the like that perform the same functions as those in the first embodiment, and repeated descriptions are omitted as appropriate.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing cathode supply control during idle stop executed by the controller 50 of the fuel cell system 100 according to the second embodiment.
- the controller 50 of the fuel cell system 100 of the second embodiment performs the drive determination of the cathode compressor 23 based on the travel wind introduction amount after the process of S105, so that the fuel cell of the first embodiment. It is different from the system controller. That is, the controller 50 of the fuel cell system 100 according to the second embodiment executes the processes of S111 to S113 after the process of S105.
- the controller 50 when it is determined in S104 that the voltage V1 of the fuel cell stack 1 has decreased to the lower limit value VL , the controller 50 causes the traveling wind or the like to be introduced into the fuel cell stack 1 in S105.
- the cathode pressure regulating valve 25 is controlled to open. Thereafter, the controller 50 executes the process of S111.
- the controller 50 calculates the traveling wind introduction amount Qa based on the current vehicle speed detected by the vehicle speed sensor 52.
- the traveling wind introduction amount Qa is a flow rate of outside air (cathode gas) such as traveling wind guided to the fuel cell stack 1, and is calculated as a larger value as the vehicle speed increases.
- the traveling wind introduction amount Qa may be corrected according to atmospheric pressure or the like.
- the controller 50 determines whether the running wind introduction amount Qa calculated in S111 is the reference introduction amount Q H above.
- the reference introduction amount Q H is set as a value that can increase the voltage of the fuel cell stack 1 by introducing traveling wind or the like.
- controller 50 When running wind introduction amount Qa is the reference introduction amount Q H above, controller 50, without driving the cathode compressor 23 determines that capture the outside air a sufficient amount, without executing the processing of S113 The process of S106 is executed.
- the controller 50 drives the cathode compressor 23 to forcibly supply outside air to the fuel cell stack 1. After the process of S113, the controller 50 executes the process of S106.
- the controller 50 drives the cathode compressor 23 when the compressor driving condition is satisfied (see S107 and S108), so that the cathode gas can be reliably supplied to the fuel cell stack 1.
- S107 and S108 function as a kind of fail-safe process.
- the controller 50 controls the cathode pressure regulating valve 25 to open.
- the cathode pressure regulating valve 25 When the voltage of the fuel cell stack 1 decreases to the lower limit value VL during the idle stop, the controller 50 controls the cathode pressure regulating valve 25 to open.
- the vehicle is traveling at a high speed as shown in FIG. 7D, a sufficient amount of outside air can be taken in just by opening the cathode pressure regulating valve 25 as shown in FIG. the voltage rises toward the upper limit value V H.
- the cathode pressure regulating valve 25 is closed.
- the cathode pressure regulating valve 25 is opened again.
- the vehicle because of the low-speed driving as shown in FIG. 7 (D), the running wind introduction amount Qa becomes smaller than the reference introduction amount Q H.
- a sufficient amount of outside air cannot be taken in just by opening the cathode pressure regulating valve 25, so that power is supplied to the cathode compressor 23 as shown in FIG.
- the cathode compressor 23 is driven, and the outside air is forcibly supplied to the fuel cell stack 1.
- the voltage of the fuel cell stack 1 as shown in FIG. 7 (A) rises toward the upper limit value V H.
- the controller 50 controls the cathode pressure regulating valve 25 to open when the voltage of the fuel cell stack 1 decreases to the lower limit value VL during the idle stop.
- the controller 50 calculates the supply possible running wind introduction amount Qa in the fuel cell stack 1 based on the vehicle speed, the running wind introduction amount Qa reference introduction amount Q voltage upper limit value of the fuel cell stack 1 is smaller than H
- the cathode compressor 23 is driven until it reaches
- the cathode compressor 23 By driving the cathode compressor 23 in this way, even when the vehicle is traveling at a low speed and a sufficient amount of outside air cannot be taken in just by opening the cathode pressure regulating valve 25, the cathode gas (outside air) is forcibly forced.
- the fuel cell stack 1 can be supplied. Therefore, the shortage of cathode gas during idle stop can be surely solved. Further, since the cathode compressor 23 is driven only when necessary according to the travel wind introduction amount Qa, the power consumption in the cathode compressor 23 can be saved, and the power consumption efficiency in the fuel cell system 100 can be improved.
- the drive determination of the cathode compressor 23 is performed based on the traveling wind introduction Qa amount calculated from the vehicle speed, the necessity of driving the cathode compressor 23 can be immediately determined, and the fuel cell stack 1 The voltage can be quickly recovered.
- the fuel cell system 100 includes the cathode pressure regulating valve 25 in the cathode gas discharge passage 22 and is configured to perform outside air introduction control during idle stop by the cathode pressure regulating valve 25.
- the cathode pressure regulating valve 25 in addition to the configuration in which the cathode pressure regulating valve 25 is arranged in the cathode gas discharge passage 22, the configurations as shown in FIGS. 8A to 8D are conceivable.
- 8A to 8D are diagrams showing a modification of the fuel cell system 100, respectively.
- a cathode pressure regulating valve 25 may be disposed in each of the cathode gas supply passage 21 and the cathode gas discharge passage 22.
- the two cathode pressure regulating valves 25 are simultaneously controlled to be closed in S103 of FIGS. 3 and 6, and are simultaneously controlled to be opened in S106 of FIGS.
- the cathode pressure regulating valve 25 may be disposed in the cathode gas supply passage 21 between the cathode compressor 23 and the fuel cell stack 1.
- the cathode pressure regulating valve 25 may be arranged in the cathode gas supply passage 21 upstream of the cathode compressor 23.
- the cathode gas supply passage 21 upstream of the cathode compressor 23 it is also conceivable to open and close the opening of the front front grille of the vehicle with a shutter.
- the upstream end of the cathode gas supply passage 21 is disposed so as to face the opening of the front front grille, and a shutter is provided to open and close the opening.
- the shutter is closed in S103 of FIGS. 3 and 6 and opened in S106 of FIGS.
- the fuel cell system 100 is configured such that the upstream end 21A of the cathode gas supply passage 21 and the downstream end 22A of the cathode gas discharge passage 22 rotate without providing the cathode pressure regulating valve 25. May be.
- the upstream end 21A of the cathode gas supply passage 21 and the downstream end 22A of the cathode gas discharge passage 22 are rotated so as to deviate from the vehicle traveling direction.
- the upstream end 21A and the downstream end 22A are rotated such that the cathode gas supply passage 21 and the cathode gas discharge passage 22 are linear along the vehicle traveling direction.
- a fuel cell system 100 according to a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
- the fuel cell system 100 according to the third embodiment is different from the fuel cell system according to the first embodiment in that a bypass passage 60 and a bypass valve 61 are provided.
- the fuel cell system 100 further includes a bypass passage 60 branched from the cathode gas supply passage 21 and joined to the cathode gas discharge passage 22, and a bypass valve 61 disposed in the bypass passage 60. .
- the bypass passage 60 is a passage that bypasses the fuel cell stack 1 so that the cathode gas does not pass through the fuel cell stack 1.
- the upstream end of the bypass passage 60 is connected to the cathode gas supply passage 21 upstream from the cathode pressure sensor 24, and the downstream end of the bypass passage 60 is connected to the cathode gas discharge passage 22 downstream from the cathode pressure regulating valve 25.
- the bypass valve 61 is an open / close valve that opens and closes the bypass passage 60 and is provided in the middle of the bypass passage 60.
- the opening degree of the bypass valve 61 is controlled by the controller 50.
- the controller 50 stops the cathode compressor 23 in S102. Then, after the process of S102, the controller 50 executes the process of S103A.
- the controller 50 controls the cathode pressure regulating valve 25 to be fully closed, and controls the bypass valve 61 to be fully open.
- the cathode pressure regulating valve 25 is closed and the bypass valve 61 is opened during the idle stop, so that even if outside air such as traveling wind flows into the cathode gas supply passage 21, the outside air passes through the bypass passage 60 to the cathode gas discharge passage. 22 flows. Therefore, it can suppress that external air is supplied to the fuel cell stack 1 unnecessarily.
- the controller 50 executes the process of S105A.
- the controller 50 controls the cathode pressure regulating valve 25 from the fully closed state to the fully opened state, and controls the bypass valve 61 from the fully opened state to the fully closed state.
- the entire amount of outside air such as traveling wind flowing into the cathode gas supply passage 21 can be supplied to the fuel cell stack 1.
- the voltage of the fuel cell stack during the idle stop can be quickly increased.
- the bypass valve 61 it is preferable to close the bypass valve 61 after the cathode pressure regulating valve 25 is opened. Further, since the strength of the traveling wind or the like changes depending on the vehicle traveling state, the amount of outside air guided to the fuel cell stack 1 may be adjusted by controlling the opening degree of the bypass valve 61 based on the vehicle traveling state.
- controller 50 executes S106 and subsequent steps, the voltage of the fuel cell stack 1 and terminates the idle stop when the cathode supply control when it reaches the upper limit value V H.
- the controller 50 controls the cathode compressor to stop when idling.
- the cathode pressure regulating valve 25 is closed and the bypass valve 61 is opened, even if outside air such as traveling wind flows into the cathode gas supply passage 21, the outside air flows into the cathode gas discharge passage 22 through the bypass passage 60. Therefore, it is possible to reliably suppress the outside air from being supplied to the fuel cell stack 1 unnecessarily, and to prevent the voltage of the fuel cell stack 1 from becoming too high.
- the controller 50 controls the cathode pressure regulating valve 25 to open and controls the bypass valve 61 to close.
- the entire amount of outside air such as traveling wind flowing into the cathode gas supply passage 21 can be supplied to the fuel cell stack 1.
- the cathode gas is supplied without driving the cathode compressor 23, the power consumption in the cathode compressor 23 can be saved, and the power consumption efficiency in the fuel cell system 100 can be increased.
- the controller 50 controls the opening degree of the bypass valve 61 based on the vehicle running state and adjusts the amount of outside air led to the fuel cell stack 1 when the cathode pressure regulating valve 25 is controlled to open during idle stop. May be. As a result, an appropriate amount of outside air can be supplied to the fuel cell stack 1.
- the controller 50 of the fuel cell system 100 executes the cathode supply control during idle stop based on the flowchart of FIG. 11 corresponding to FIG. 6 of the second embodiment, not the flowchart of FIG. Also good.
- S103A in FIG. 11 is a process that replaces S103 in FIG. 6, and is the same process as S103A in FIG.
- S105A in FIG. 11 is a process that replaces S105 in FIG. 6, and is the same process as S105A in FIG.
- the cathode pressure regulating valve 25 may not be provided, and the outside air introduction control during idle stop may be executed using only the bypass valve 61.
- the bypass valve 61 is opened when it is necessary to suppress the introduction of the outside air during the idle stop, and the bypass valve 61 is closed when the suppression of the introduction of the outside air is released.
- the cathode compressor 23 is not driven when the cathode pressure regulating valve 25 is opened during idle stop so that sufficient outside air can be taken in.
- the cathode compressor 23 may be driven so as to assist in taking in outside air such as traveling wind.
- the power consumption efficiency of the fuel cell system 100 is reduced by the amount of driving the cathode compressor 23, but the voltage of the fuel cell stack 1 during the idle stop can be quickly recovered.
- the fuel cell system 100 may be configured to include a blower instead of the cathode compressor 23 and supply the cathode gas to the fuel cell stack 1 by this blower.
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Abstract
Description
図1を参照して、本発明の第1実施形態による燃料電池システム100について説明する。
図6を参照して、本発明の第2実施形態による燃料電池システム100について説明する。なお、以下の実施形態では、第1実施形態と同じ機能を果たす構成等には同一の符号を用い、重複する説明を適宜省略する。
図9を参照して、本発明の第3実施形態による燃料電池システム100について説明する。第3実施形態による燃料電池システム100は、バイパス通路60及びバイパス弁61を備える点において第1実施形態の燃料電池システムと相違する。
Claims (8)
- アノードガス及びカソードガスの供給を受けて発電する燃料電池を備える車両用の燃料電池システムであって、
車両走行状態に応じて前記燃料電池システムをアイドルストップさせるアイドルストップ実行部と、
アイドルストップ時にカソードコンプレッサを停止制御するコンプレッサ制御部と、
アイドルストップ時に前記燃料電池への外気の導入を抑制する外気導入制御部と、を備え、
前記外気導入制御部は、アイドルストップ中の前記燃料電池の電圧に応じて外気導入の抑制を解除する、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項1に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記外気導入制御部は、アイドルストップ中に前記燃料電池の電圧が下限値に達した場合に外気導入の抑制を解除し、
前記コンプレッサ制御部は、前記外気導入制御部による外気導入の抑制が解除された後、前記燃料電池の電圧が回復しない場合、前記カソードコンプレッサを駆動させる、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項1又は請求項2に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記コンプレッサ停止中における前記燃料電池への外気の導入量を算出する外気導入量算出部をさらに備え、
前記コンプレッサ制御部は、前記外気導入制御部による外気導入の抑制が解除された場合、前記外気導入量算出部によって算出された外気導入量に応じて前記カソードコンプレッサを駆動させる、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項1から3のいずれか一つに記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記外気導入制御部は、前記外気導入制御部による外気導入の抑制が解除された後、前記燃料電池の電圧が上限値に達した場合、外気の導入を再び抑制する、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項1から4のいずれか一つに記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記燃料電池と接続するカソードガス通路に設けられる開閉弁をさらに備え、
前記外気導入制御部は、外気導入を抑制する場合に前記開閉弁を閉じ、外気導入の抑制を解除する場合に前記開閉弁を開く、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項1から5のいずれか一つに記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記燃料電池をバイパスするように前記燃料電池のカソードガス通路に接続されるバイパス通路と、
前記バイパス通路に設けられるバイパス弁と、をさらに備え、
前記外気導入制御部は、外気導入を抑制する場合に前記バイパスを開き、外気導入の抑制を解除する場合に前記バイパス弁を閉じる、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項6に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記外気導入制御部は、外気導入の抑制を解除する場合に、車両走行状態に基づいて前記バイパスバルブの開度を制御する、
燃料電池システム。 - アノードガス及びカソードガスの供給を受けて発電する燃料電池を備える車両用の燃料電池システムの制御方法であって、
車両走行状態に応じて前記燃料電池システムをアイドルストップさせるアイドルストップ実行ステップと、
アイドルストップ時にカソードコンプレッサを停止制御するコンプレッサ制御ステップと、
アイドルストップ時に前記燃料電池への外気の導入を抑制する外気導入制御ステップと、を備え、
前記外気導入制御ステップでは、アイドルストップ中の前記燃料電池の電圧に応じて外気導入の抑制が解除される、
燃料電池システムの制御方法。
Priority Applications (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2016515809A JP6202198B2 (ja) | 2014-04-30 | 2014-04-30 | 燃料電池システム及び燃料電池システムの制御方法 |
| CN201480078133.9A CN107078320B (zh) | 2014-04-30 | 2014-04-30 | 燃料电池系统以及燃料电池系统的控制方法 |
| EP14890671.2A EP3139432B1 (en) | 2014-04-30 | 2014-04-30 | Fuel cell system and method for controlling same |
| PCT/JP2014/062028 WO2015166567A1 (ja) | 2014-04-30 | 2014-04-30 | 燃料電池システム及び燃料電池システムの制御方法 |
| US15/306,539 US9843059B2 (en) | 2014-04-30 | 2014-04-30 | Fuel cell system and method of controlling the same |
| CA2947132A CA2947132C (en) | 2014-04-30 | 2014-04-30 | Fuel cell system and method of controlling the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| PCT/JP2014/062028 WO2015166567A1 (ja) | 2014-04-30 | 2014-04-30 | 燃料電池システム及び燃料電池システムの制御方法 |
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| US (1) | US9843059B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP3139432B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP6202198B2 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN107078320B (ja) |
| CA (1) | CA2947132C (ja) |
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| JP2018085308A (ja) * | 2016-11-25 | 2018-05-31 | 三菱自動車工業株式会社 | 電動車両の燃料電池装置 |
| JP2019079656A (ja) * | 2017-10-23 | 2019-05-23 | 三菱自動車工業株式会社 | 電動車両の燃料電池装置 |
| JP2019087470A (ja) * | 2017-11-09 | 2019-06-06 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システムおよびその制御方法 |
| JP2019103179A (ja) * | 2017-11-29 | 2019-06-24 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
| JP2021190197A (ja) * | 2020-05-26 | 2021-12-13 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
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| JP6179560B2 (ja) * | 2015-06-26 | 2017-08-16 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
| JP6447838B2 (ja) * | 2016-11-21 | 2019-01-09 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池車両 |
| JP6972941B2 (ja) | 2017-11-09 | 2021-11-24 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム及びその制御方法 |
| CN108172872B (zh) * | 2017-12-28 | 2020-06-02 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | 一种燃料电池电动汽车的空气压缩系统 |
| JP7156005B2 (ja) * | 2018-12-25 | 2022-10-19 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
| JP7359791B2 (ja) * | 2021-01-25 | 2023-10-11 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
| KR20230077930A (ko) * | 2021-11-26 | 2023-06-02 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 연료전지 시스템의 운전 제어 장치 및 그 방법 |
| CN114619870B (zh) * | 2022-03-18 | 2024-08-27 | 东风汽车集团股份有限公司 | 一种格栅控制方法、装置、设备和介质 |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2947132A1 (en) | 2015-11-05 |
| JPWO2015166567A1 (ja) | 2017-04-20 |
| EP3139432A4 (en) | 2017-06-07 |
| EP3139432A1 (en) | 2017-03-08 |
| US20170047602A1 (en) | 2017-02-16 |
| JP6202198B2 (ja) | 2017-10-04 |
| US9843059B2 (en) | 2017-12-12 |
| CN107078320B (zh) | 2018-12-21 |
| CN107078320A (zh) | 2017-08-18 |
| EP3139432B1 (en) | 2018-06-06 |
| CA2947132C (en) | 2018-03-27 |
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