WO2015172328A1 - 一种光中继器,及光纤通信系统 - Google Patents

一种光中继器,及光纤通信系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015172328A1
WO2015172328A1 PCT/CN2014/077443 CN2014077443W WO2015172328A1 WO 2015172328 A1 WO2015172328 A1 WO 2015172328A1 CN 2014077443 W CN2014077443 W CN 2014077443W WO 2015172328 A1 WO2015172328 A1 WO 2015172328A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
coupler
pump light
output
input
processing component
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PCT/CN2014/077443
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张文斗
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HMN Technologies Co Ltd
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Huawei Marine Networks Co Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Huawei Marine Networks Co Ltd filed Critical Huawei Marine Networks Co Ltd
Priority to PCT/CN2014/077443 priority Critical patent/WO2015172328A1/zh
Priority to CN201480072816.3A priority patent/CN106170933B/zh
Priority to EP14891772.7A priority patent/EP3136623A4/en
Priority to JP2017512080A priority patent/JP6312927B2/ja
Publication of WO2015172328A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015172328A1/zh
Priority to US15/350,995 priority patent/US9876574B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/29Repeaters
    • H04B10/291Repeaters in which processing or amplification is carried out without conversion of the main signal from optical form
    • H04B10/2912Repeaters in which processing or amplification is carried out without conversion of the main signal from optical form characterised by the medium used for amplification or processing
    • H04B10/2914Repeaters in which processing or amplification is carried out without conversion of the main signal from optical form characterised by the medium used for amplification or processing using lumped semiconductor optical amplifiers [SOA]
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/44Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
    • G02B6/4401Optical cables
    • G02B6/4415Cables for special applications
    • G02B6/4427Pressure resistant cables, e.g. undersea cables
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01SDEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/05Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
    • H01S3/06Construction or shape of active medium
    • H01S3/063Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
    • H01S3/067Fibre lasers
    • H01S3/06754Fibre amplifiers
    • H01S3/06783Amplifying coupler
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01SDEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/09Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping
    • H01S3/091Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping
    • H01S3/094Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light
    • H01S3/094003Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light the pumped medium being a fibre
    • H01S3/094015Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light the pumped medium being a fibre with pump light recycling, i.e. with reinjection of the unused pump light back into the fiber, e.g. by reflectors or circulators
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01SDEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/14Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range characterised by the material used as the active medium
    • H01S3/16Solid materials
    • H01S3/1601Solid materials characterised by an active (lasing) ion
    • H01S3/1603Solid materials characterised by an active (lasing) ion rare earth
    • H01S3/1608Solid materials characterised by an active (lasing) ion rare earth erbium
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/29Repeaters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/29Repeaters
    • H04B10/291Repeaters in which processing or amplification is carried out without conversion of the main signal from optical form
    • H04B10/2912Repeaters in which processing or amplification is carried out without conversion of the main signal from optical form characterised by the medium used for amplification or processing
    • H04B10/2916Repeaters in which processing or amplification is carried out without conversion of the main signal from optical form characterised by the medium used for amplification or processing using Raman or Brillouin amplifiers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to an optical repeater, and an optical fiber communication system. Background technique
  • the Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier has been used in the submarine cable optical repeater, creating a new era of submarine cable optical relay technology.
  • EDFA Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier
  • OSNR optical signal noise ratio
  • the relay distance of the span is usually used.
  • the optical repeater gain just compensates for the span fiber loss.
  • the optical signal-to-noise ratio of the terminating signal can be calculated by the following formula.
  • N is the noise figure (linear value) of the i-th optical repeater, indicating the single-wave input power (linear value) of the i-th optical repeater
  • N is the number of optical repeaters.
  • the noise figure and the single-wave input power of each optical repeater are the same, and the contribution of each optical repeater to the system OSNR accumulation is the same; If an optical repeater in the system fails, its output power decreases, causing the downstream adjacent optical repeater input power to decrease and introducing more spontaneous radiated noise accumulation; if an optical relay in the system When the pump power is completely lost, the Erbium Doped Fiber (EDF) in the optical repeater will also cause significant absorption loss to the signal, which will reduce the input power of the adjacent optical repeater downstream, resulting in a lot of power loss. The system OSNR is rapidly degraded.
  • EDF Erbium Doped Fiber
  • the repeater In order to maintain the optical repeater with a sufficiently high signal input power, suppress the excessive accumulation of spontaneous emission noise and avoid the serious degradation of the optical signal-to-noise ratio.
  • the repeater uses two pump redundancy backups, one of which fails. It is also possible to maintain a sufficiently high output power so that the downstream optical repeater input power is not significantly reduced, and the optical signal-to-noise ratio is not significantly degraded.
  • the industry also has a repeater design that uses four pump redundancy backups, and three of these pumps fail to maintain system traffic without interruption. However, when one fiber fails for all the pumps, or the optical repeater power supply unit fails, the above solution will cause the system OSNR to deteriorate rapidly and even the service is interrupted.
  • the submarine cable carries signal transmission signal rate to above 100 Gb/s
  • high-order modulation formats such as 8 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (8QAM), 16 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation, 16QAM) requires a higher optical signal-to-noise ratio, which limits the transmission distance of the system.
  • Distributed Raman amplification technology can provide a lower noise figure to improve the system OSNR, but it is difficult to commercialize underwater optical repeaters due to large power consumption and close proximity of the linear region to the fault tolerance.
  • Reverse distributed Raman amplifier and Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) hybrid amplification as a compromise solution helps to reduce the noise figure, and does not increase the power consumption too much.
  • EDFA Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier
  • Underwater fault repair of the submarine cable communication system usually requires the use of a dedicated submarine cable to repair the construction vessel.
  • the maintenance period takes an average of 2 weeks, and most of the time is spent on spare parts transportation and sea navigation.
  • the economic loss caused by business interruption during system failure is very large, so the submarine cable optical repeater is required to have high reliability.
  • the EDF will absorb and damage the signal, causing the OSNR of the service signal to deteriorate sharply, and even the service is interrupted, so the reliability is low.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide an optical repeater and an optical fiber communication system for improving the reliability of an optical fiber communication system.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides an optical repeater, including:
  • a first input of the optical repeater a first output of the optical repeater, a first erbium doped fiber, a first coupler, a second coupler, and a first pump light processing component;
  • a first input end of the optical repeater is connected to an input end of the first erbium doped fiber, and an output end of the first erbium doped fiber is connected to an input end of the first coupler, the first coupler a first output connected to the first input of the second coupler, and an output of the second coupler connected to the optical relay a first output of the first pumping light processing component is coupled to a second input of the second coupler; an output of the first pumping light processing component is coupled to the first coupler a second output end; the reverse pumping light enters the optical repeater from the first output end, enters the second coupler via the output end of the second coupler, and the second coupler is coupled out into the second a reverse pumping light of the coupler and sent to an input of the first pump light processing component via a second input of the second coupler; a first input of signal light from the optical repeater Ending into the optical repeater, passing through the first erbium doped fiber, the first coupler and the second coupler, and finally
  • An output end of the first pump light processing component sends pump light to a second output end of the first coupler;
  • the pump light includes a local pump light generated by the first pump light processing component itself And/or the reverse pumping light;
  • the first coupler sends pump light received by the second output of the first coupler to the first through the input of the first coupler
  • An output of the erbium doped fiber enters the first erbium doped fiber from an output of the first erbium doped fiber.
  • the optical repeater further includes: a third coupler; an output end of the first pump light processing component includes: the first a first output of the pumping light processing component and a second output of the first pumping light processing component;
  • An input end of the third coupler is connected to a first input end of the optical repeater, and a first output end of the third coupler is connected to an input end of the first erbium doped fiber; the third coupling The second output end of the first pump is connected to the second output end of the first pump light processing component; the second output end of the first coupler is connected to the first output end of the first pump light processing component;
  • a second output of the first pump light processing component transmits pump light to a second output of the third coupler;
  • the third coupler receives a second output of the third coupler And the pumping light is sent from the input end of the third coupler to the first input end of the optical repeater;
  • a first output of the first pump light processing component transmits pump light to a second output of the first coupler; a first coupler receives the second output of the first coupler Pump light is sent to the output of the first erbium doped fiber via an input of the first coupler.
  • the optical repeater further includes: a sixth coupler; an output of the first pump light processing component is further The method includes: a third output end of the first pump light processing component;
  • the sixth coupler is located in an optical path of the signal light between the third coupler and the first erbium-doped fiber; the first output end of the third coupler is connected to the sixth coupler An input end, a third output end of the first pump light processing component is coupled to a second input end of the sixth coupler, and an output end of the sixth coupler is coupled to an input of the first erbium doped fiber end;
  • a third output of the first pump light processing component transmits pump light to a second input of the sixth coupler; a sixth coupler receives the second input of the sixth coupler Pump light is sent to the input end of the first erbium doped fiber via the output of the sixth coupler.
  • the optical repeater further includes: a fourth coupler, an optical isolator, and a fifth coupler;
  • the fourth coupler, the optical isolator, and the fifth coupler are sequentially connected in an optical path of signal light between the optical repeater and the first erbium-doped fiber; an input end of the fifth coupler Connected to a first input end of the optical repeater, a first output end of the fifth coupler is connected to an input end of the optical isolator, and an output end of the optical isolator is coupled to the fourth The first input end of the device is connected, and the second output end of the fifth coupler is connected to the second input end of the fourth coupler;
  • the pump light entering the first erbium-doped fiber amplifies the signal light passing through the first erbium-doped fiber
  • the pumped residual pump light entering the first erbium-doped fiber passes through the first doping
  • An output end of the ⁇ fiber is sent to an output of the fourth coupler, and a fourth coupler receives residual pump light received at an output of the fourth coupler via a second input of the fourth coupler Sending to a second output end of the fifth coupler, the fifth coupler sends the residual pump light received by the output of the fifth coupler to the input end of the fifth coupler The first input of the optical repeater.
  • the input end of the first pump light processing component includes: a first input end of the first pump light processing component and a second input end of the first pump light processing component;
  • a first input end of the first pump light processing component is a port to which the first pump light processing component is coupled to a second input end of the second coupler; the first pump light processing component The second input receives reverse pump light from an optical path of the signal light on the side opposite the signal light.
  • the input end of the first pump light processing component includes : a first input end of the first pump light processing component and a second input end of the first pump light processing component; a first input end of the first pump light processing component is the first pump a port connected to the second input of the second coupler; the second input of the first pump light processing component receives an inverse of the optical path from the signal light opposite the signal light Pumping light
  • the first pump light processing component includes: a first pump source, a first polarization combiner, a tenth coupler, and an eleventh coupler;
  • An output end of the first pump source is coupled to an input end of the first polarization combiner, and an output end of the first polarization combiner is coupled to a first input end of the tenth coupler, the tenth coupler a first output end serving as an output of the first pump light processing component;
  • the input end of the vibrator beam combiner, the first polarization combiner will be the first The local pump light entering the input end of a polarization combiner is sent to the first input end of the tenth coupler via the output end of the first polarization combiner; the eleventh coupler will The reverse pump light entering from the first input end of the eleventh coupler and the reverse pump light entering from the second input end of the eleventh coupler are coupled and the coupled portion is obtained Reverse pumping light is sent at a first output of the eleventh coupler to a second input of the tenth coupler; the tenth coupler will be from a first input of the tenth coupler The local pump light entering the end and the reverse pump light
  • the first pump light processing component includes:
  • An output end of the second pump source is coupled to an input of the twelfth coupler, and a first output end of the twelfth coupler serves as a second output of the first pump light processing component
  • An output of the third pump source is coupled to an input of the thirteenth coupler, and a first output of the thirteenth coupler serves as a third output of the first pump light processing component
  • the second pump source generates a first local pump light and passes the output of the second pump source a terminal pump light is sent to an input end of the twelfth coupler, and the twelfth coupler combines the first local pump light entering the input end of the twelfth coupler, And outputting a portion of the coupled first local pump light to the first output end of the twelfth coupler;
  • a third pump source generates a second local pump light, and sends the second local pump light to an input end of the thirteenth coupler via an output end of the third pump source
  • the thirteenth coupler couples the second local pump light entering the input end of the thirteenth coupler, and couples the obtained second partial end pump light to the thirteenth coupling Output of the first output of the device;
  • Reverse pump light from a second output of the second coupler enters from an input of the first pump light processing assembly and is output directly from a first output of the first pump light processing assembly a second output of the first coupler;
  • the input end of the first pump light processing component comprises: a first input end of the first pump light processing component and a second input end of the first pump light processing component; the first pump a first input end of the puddle processing component is a port connected to the second input end of the first pump light processing component and the second coupler; a second input end of the first pump light processing component receives Reverse pump light from an optical path of signal light on a side opposite to the signal light, the reverse pump light from an optical path of signal light on a side opposite to the signal light is directly from the first pump light A first output of the processing component is output to a second output of the first coupler.
  • the input end of the first pump light processing component comprises: the first input of the first pump light processing component And a second input end of the first pump light processing component; the first pump light processing component further comprising: a fourteenth coupler;
  • first input end of the fourteenth coupler and a first input end as the first pump light processing component and a second input end of the fourteenth coupler as the first pump light a second input end of the processing component, the first output end of the fourteenth coupler serving as a first output end of the first pump light processing component;
  • the fourteenth coupler will enter the reverse pump light from the second coupler at the first input of the fourteenth coupler, and the second input from the fourth input of the fourteenth coupler Performing reverse pumping light of the optical path of the signal light on the side opposite to the signal light, and transmitting the coupled partial pumping light from the first output end of the fourteenth coupler to the Second loss of the first coupler Out.
  • the second coupler is a first circulator;
  • the first circulator is: a circulator connected in sequence according to the first port, the second port, and the third port;
  • a first port of the first circulator is a first input end of the second coupler
  • a second port of the first circulator is an output end of the second coupler
  • the third port is the second input of the second coupler.
  • the third coupler is a second circulator;
  • the second circulator is: a circulator connected in sequence according to the first port, the second port, and the third port;
  • a first port of the second circulator is a second output of the third coupler
  • a second port of the second circulator is an input end of the third coupler
  • the third port is the first output of the third coupler.
  • the optical path of the signal light is further connected with the gain flat filtering. Device.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides an optical repeater, including:
  • a first input of the optical repeater a first output of the optical repeater, a second erbium doped fiber, a seventh coupler, an eighth coupler, a ninth coupler, and a second pump light processing component ;
  • the first input end of the optical repeater is connected to the input end of the ninth coupler, and the first output end of the ninth coupler is connected to the first input end of the seventh coupler, and the seventh coupler
  • the output end of the second erbium doped fiber is connected to the first input end of the eighth coupler, and the output end of the eighth coupler is connected to the optical repeater
  • An output end of the second pump light processing component is coupled to a second input end of the eighth coupler; a first output end of the second pump light processing component is coupled to the ninth turn a second output end of the second pump, the second output end of the second pump light processing component is connected to the second input end of the seventh coupler;
  • the reverse pumping light enters the optical repeater from the first output end, enters the eighth coupler through the output end of the eighth coupler, and the eighth coupler is coupled out to enter the eighth coupling
  • the reverse pumping light of the device is sent to the input end of the second pump light processing component via the second input end of the eighth coupler;
  • Signal light enters the optical repeater from a first input end of the optical repeater, and sequentially passes through the ninth coupler, the seventh coupler, the second erbium doped fiber, and the eighth coupler, and finally Transmitting the optical repeater through a first output end of the optical repeater;
  • a first output end of the second pump light processing component transmits pump light to a second output end of the ninth coupler; a second output end of the second pump light processing component to the seventh coupler
  • the second input transmits pump light; the pump light includes local pump light and/or the reverse pump light generated by the first pump light processing component itself; and enters the ninth coupler
  • Pump light of the second output passes through the input of the ninth coupler, the optical repeater is transmitted from the first input end of the optical repeater; and the second input of the seventh coupler is entered
  • the pump light of the end is coupled by the seventh coupler and is sent to the input of the second erbium doped fiber at the output of the seventh coupler.
  • the input end of the second pump light processing component includes: a first input end of the second pump light processing component and the second a second input of the pump light processing component;
  • a first input end of the second pump light processing component is a port of the second pump light processing component connected to a second input end of the eighth coupler; the second pump light processing component
  • the second input is a reverse pump light that receives an optical path from the signal light on the side opposite the signal light.
  • the second pump light processing component includes:
  • a fourth pump source a second polarization combiner, a fifteenth coupler, a sixteenth coupler, and a seventeenth coupler
  • An output of the fourth pump source is coupled to an input of the second polarization combiner, and an output of the second polarization combiner is coupled to an input of the fifteenth coupler, a first output of the fifteenth coupler is coupled to the first input of the sixteenth coupler, the first output of the sixteenth coupler being the first of the second pump light processing component
  • a fourth pump source generates a local pump light, and the local pump is passed through an output of the second pump source
  • the Puguang light is sent to an input end of the second polarization combiner, and is sent to an input end of the fifteenth coupler via an output end of the second polarization combiner, and the fifteenth coupler pair enters
  • the local pump light of the fifteenth coupler is coupled, and a part of the pump light obtained by the coupling is sent to the first input end of the sixteenth coupler; the seventeenth coupler will The reverse pump light from the eighth coupler entering the first input end of the seventeenth coupler, and the second input end entering the seventeenth coupler is opposite to the signal light
  • the reverse pump light of the optical path of the side signal light is coupled, and the partially inverted pump light obtained by the coupling is sent to the first sixteen coupler via the first output end of the seventeenth coupler a second input; the sixteenth coupler will enter the reverse pump light of the second input of the sixteenth coupler, and the local pump light entering the first
  • the eighth coupler is a third circulator;
  • the third ring The device is: a circulator connected in sequence according to the first port, the second port, and the third port;
  • a first port of the third circulator is a first input end of the eighth coupler
  • a second port of the third circulator is an output end of the second coupler
  • the third ring The third port of the device is the second input of the second coupler.
  • the ninth coupler is a fourth circulator;
  • the fourth ring The device is: a circulator connected in sequence according to the first port, the second port, and the third port;
  • a first port of the fourth circulator is a second output end of the ninth coupler, a second port of the fourth circulator is an input end of the ninth coupler, the fourth ring
  • the third port of the device is the first output of the ninth coupler.
  • the optical path of the signal light is further connected with a gain flattening filter.
  • the third embodiment of the present invention further provides an optical fiber communication system, comprising: an optical cable, the optical cable has an optical repeater, and the optical repeater is an optical repeater according to any one of the embodiments of the present invention.
  • the embodiments of the present invention have the following advantages: If the optical repeater When the local pump light generated by the terminal fails or the other fault causes the pumpless light output, the optical repeater still has the reverse pump light from the outside of the optical repeater, and can still play the erbium-doped fiber.
  • the stimulating effect is that the signal light is not seriously absorbed, and even has a small gain, so that the business of the optical communication system can still be maintained without interruption.
  • the end station is provided with reverse Raman pump light
  • the first and last span of the optical repeater can also couple residual Raman pump light from the end station and stimulate the erbium doped fiber. Therefore, the reliability of the optical fiber communication system can be improved.
  • FIG. 1A is a schematic structural diagram of an optical fiber communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1B is a schematic structural diagram of an optical fiber communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical repeater according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical repeater according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical repeater according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical repeater according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6A is a schematic structural view of a first pump light processing component according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6B is a schematic structural view of a first pump light processing component according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 6C is a schematic structural view of a first pump light processing component according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 6D is a schematic structural view of a first pump light processing component according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical repeater according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of a second pump light processing assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical repeater according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical repeater according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11A is a schematic structural diagram of an optical repeater according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 11B is a schematic diagram showing a comparison of gain and noise coefficient lines according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11C is a schematic diagram showing a comparison of gain and noise coefficient lines according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • 11D is a schematic diagram of the effect of all pump failures on the 0 SNR of the optical repeater according to the embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical repeater according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical repeater according to an embodiment of the present invention. detailed description
  • FIG. 1A is a schematic diagram of the optical repeater being normal
  • FIG. 1B is a schematic diagram showing the optical repeater fault (oblique Line-filled is a faulty repeater); is connected between two submarine cable end stations (end station A and end station B) via several optical repeaters and submarine cables, and provides at least one pair of opposite transmission directions Optical fiber transmission link.
  • the optical repeater provides reverse Raman amplified pump light and is coupled to the transmission fiber, and amplifies the optical signal in the transmission fiber by using the Raman effect; and provides a centralized amplifier and a centralized amplifier inside the repeater. ⁇ Using erbium-doped fiber amplifier technology; In addition, the centralized optical amplifier also provides a Raman pump optical coupling channel for combining residual Raman pump light from downstream or upstream repeaters into the erbium-doped fiber. .
  • the faulty repeater filled in the diagonal line in Figure 1B causes a fiber to have no light output for all of the pumps, due to the upstream or downstream residual Raman pump light
  • the erbium-doped fiber can still be motivated so that the signal light is not heavily absorbed, even with a small gain, and the system business can remain uninterrupted.
  • the end station can also provide reverse Raman pumping so that the first and last cross-over optical repeaters can also couple residual Raman pump light from the end station.
  • optical repeaters in the submarine cable optical communication system of the embodiment of the present invention can employ any one of the following specific embodiments.
  • the optical repeater in the optical cable usually includes at least two optical fibers corresponding to two signal optical paths.
  • the optical signal propagation direction is opposite.
  • the end station A transmits the signal of the terminal station B.
  • the light passes through an optical path, and the signal light of the end station B transmitting the end station A passes through another optical path, and the two optical paths are symmetrical. Therefore, in the subsequent embodiment, one of the optical paths is described, and the other optical path structure is described.
  • the embodiments of the present invention are not described in detail.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides an optical repeater, as shown in FIG. 2, including:
  • a first input of the optical repeater a first output of the optical repeater, a first erbium doped fiber, a first coupler, a second coupler, and a first pump light processing component;
  • a first input end of the optical repeater is connected to an input end of the first erbium doped fiber, and an output end of the first erbium doped fiber is connected to an input end of the first coupler, the first coupler a first output terminal is coupled to the first input end of the second coupler, and an output end of the second coupler is coupled to the first output end of the optical repeater; an input end of the first pump light processing component Connecting a second input end of the second coupler; an output end of the first pump light processing component is connected to a second output end of the first coupler; and a reverse pump light is entering from the first output end An optical repeater that enters the second coupler via an output of the second coupler, the second coupler coupling out reverse pump light entering the second coupler, and passing through the second coupler The second input is sent to an input end of the first pump light processing component;
  • An output end of the first pump light processing component sends pump light to a second output end of the first coupler;
  • the pump light includes a local pump light generated by the first pump light processing component itself And/or the reverse pumping light;
  • the first coupler sends pump light received by the second output of the first coupler to the first through the input of the first coupler
  • An output of the erbium doped fiber exits from the output of the first erbium doped fiber and into the first erbium doped fiber.
  • the pump light received by the second output end of the first coupler enters the first erbium-doped fiber from the output end of the first erbium-doped fiber, and is The ⁇ fiber is partially absorbed to amplify the signal light passing through the first erbium-doped fiber, and the remaining portion of the pump light is output from the erbium-doped fiber input end and output to the first input end of the optical repeater. It is used to excite the transmission fiber and generate Raman amplification of the signal light.
  • the optical repeater still has a reverse from the outside of the optical repeater.
  • the pump light can still stimulate the erbium-doped fiber, so that the signal light is not absorbed seriously, and even has a small gain, so that the business of the optical communication system can still be maintained without interruption.
  • the end station provides reverse Raman pump light
  • the first and last span of the optical repeater can also couple residual Raman pump light from the end station and stimulate the erbium doped fiber.
  • the optical repeater further includes: a third coupler;
  • the output end of the first pump light processing component includes: a first output end of the first pump light processing component and a second output end of the first pump light processing component;
  • An input end of the third coupler is connected to a first input end of the optical repeater, and a first output end of the third coupler is connected to an input end of the first erbium doped fiber; the third coupling The second output end of the first pump is connected to the second output end of the first pump light processing component; the second output end of the first coupler is connected to the first output end of the first pump light processing component;
  • a second output of the first pump light processing component transmits pump light to a second output of the third coupler;
  • the third coupler receives a second output of the third coupler And the pumping light is sent from the input end of the third coupler to the first input end of the optical repeater;
  • a first output of the first pump light processing component transmits pump light to a second output of the first coupler; a first coupler receives the second output of the first coupler Pump light is sent to the output of the first erbium doped fiber via an input of the first coupler.
  • the optical repeater further includes: a sixth coupler; the output end of the first pump light processing component further includes: a third output end of the first pump light processing component;
  • the sixth coupler is located in an optical path of the signal light between the third coupler and the first erbium-doped fiber; the first output end of the third coupler is connected to the sixth coupler An input end, a third output end of the first pump light processing component is coupled to a second input end of the sixth coupler, and an output end of the sixth coupler is coupled to an input of the first erbium doped fiber End
  • a third output of the first pump light processing component transmits pump light to a second input of the sixth coupler; a sixth coupler receives the second input of the sixth coupler Pump light is sent to the input end of the first erbium doped fiber via the output of the sixth coupler.
  • the optical repeater further includes: a fourth coupler, an optical isolator, and a fifth coupler;
  • the fourth coupler, the optical isolator, and the fifth coupler are sequentially connected in an optical path of signal light between the optical repeater and the first erbium-doped fiber; an input end of the fifth coupler With the light a first input end of the relay is connected, a first output end of the fifth coupler is connected to an input end of the optical isolator, an output end of the optical isolator and a first input of the fourth coupler The second output end of the fifth coupler is connected to the second input end of the fourth coupler;
  • the pump light entering the first erbium-doped fiber amplifies the signal light passing through the first erbium-doped fiber
  • the pumped residual pump light entering the first erbium-doped fiber passes through the first doping
  • An output end of the ⁇ fiber is sent to an output of the fourth coupler, and a fourth coupler receives residual pump light received at an output of the fourth coupler via a second input of the fourth coupler Sending to a second output end of the fifth coupler, the fifth coupler sends the residual pump light received by the output of the fifth coupler to the input end of the fifth coupler The first input of the optical repeater.
  • the input end of the first pump light processing component is shown as one.
  • the first pump light processing component may have other inputs, as shown in FIGS. 2 ⁇ 4.
  • the reverse pump light input in the direction of the dotted line arrow; the reverse pump light is the pump light opposite to the propagation direction of the signal light, and the source thereof may be the signal light path side shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, or may be The other side opposite to the optical path, or a combination of the two; therefore, the reverse pumping light input in the direction of the dotted arrow shown in FIGS. 2 to 4 is not essential, and should not be construed as being in the light of the embodiment of the present invention.
  • a necessary component of the relay the input end of the first pump light processing component includes: a first input end of the first pump light processing component and a second input end of the first pump light processing component;
  • a first input end of the first pump light processing component is a port to which the first pump light processing component is coupled to a second input end of the second coupler; the first pump light processing component The second input receives reverse pump light from an optical path of the signal light on the side opposite the signal light.
  • the function of the first pump light processing component and the propagation of the pump light in the first pump light processing component are defined as long as the structure of the first pump light processing component capable of achieving the above functions is It is possible that the embodiments of the present invention are not limited. It should be noted that, in the present invention, a pump light processing component and a second pump light processing component)
  • the structure of the first pump light processing component can be applied to the optical repeater shown in Fig. 2 or Fig. 5, as follows:
  • the input end of the first pump light processing component comprises: the first pump light processing component An input and a second input of the first pump light processing component; a first input of the first pump light processing component is the first pump light processing component and the second coupler a second input connected to the port; the second input of the first pump light processing component receives reverse pump light from an optical path of signal light on a side opposite the signal light;
  • the first pump light processing component includes: a first pump source, a first polarization beam combiner, a tenth coupler, and an eleventh coupler; and the first pump source may include 2N pump lasers, N > 1 ; a polarization combiner typically contains two inputs;
  • An output end of the first pump source is coupled to an input end of the first polarization combiner, and an output end of the first polarization combiner is coupled to a first input end of the tenth coupler, the tenth coupler a first output end serving as an output of the first pump light processing component;
  • the input end of the vibrator beam combiner, the first polarization combiner will be the first The local pump light entering the input end of a polarization combiner is sent to the first input end of the tenth coupler via the output end of the first polarization combiner; the eleventh coupler will The reverse pump light entering from the first input end of the eleventh coupler and the reverse pump light entering from the second input end of the eleventh coupler are coupled and the coupled portion is obtained Reverse pumping light is sent at a first output of the eleventh coupler to a second input of the tenth coupler; the tenth coupler will be from a first input of the tenth coupler The local pump light entering the end and the reverse pump light
  • the pump light outputted from the second output terminal of the tenth coupler is sent to the symmetrical optical path of the signal light path shown in Fig. 2 or Fig. 5.
  • a polarization combiner is used to couple two mutually perpendicular linearly polarized light to the same port output.
  • the Raman gain has the dependence of the polarization direction of the pump light, and the polarization polarization pumping light of the two polarization directions is perpendicular to each other using a Polarization Beam Combiner (PBC), and then as Raman
  • PBC Polarization Beam Combiner
  • the pumping light reduces the degree of polarization, so that the polarization dependent gain of the Raman amplifier is effectively reduced.
  • the two polarization directions are mutually used by using PBC.
  • the vertical linear polarization of the pumping of the optical multiplexed wave, and then the Raman pumping light reduces the degree of polarization, so that the polarization dependent gain of the Raman amplifier is effectively reduced.
  • the structure of the first pump light processing component can be applied to the optical repeater shown in FIG. 3 or FIG. 4, as follows:
  • the first pump light processing component comprises: a second pump source, a third pump source, a twelfth coupler, and a thirteenth coupler;
  • An output end of the second pump source is coupled to an input of the twelfth coupler, and a first output end of the twelfth coupler serves as a second output of the first pump light processing component
  • An output of the third pump source is coupled to an input of the thirteenth coupler, and a first output of the thirteenth coupler serves as a third output of the first pump light processing component
  • a second pump source generates a first local pump light, and sends the first local pump light to an input end of the twelfth coupler via an output of the second pump source
  • the twelfth coupler couples the first local pump light entering the input end of the twelfth coupler, and couples the obtained partial first end pump light to the twelfth coupling Output of the first output of the device;
  • a third pump source generates a second local pump light, and sends the second local pump light to an input end of the thirteenth coupler via an output end of the third pump source
  • the thirteenth coupler couples the second local pump light entering the input end of the thirteenth coupler, and couples the obtained second partial end pump light to the thirteenth coupling Output of the first output of the device;
  • the reverse pump light from the second output of the second coupler enters from the input of the first pump light processing component and directly from the first a first output end of the pump light processing component is output to a second output end of the first coupler;
  • the structure shown in FIG. 6C is different from that of FIG. 6B as follows: if the input end of the first pump light processing component comprises: a first input end of the first pump light processing component and the first pump light a second input of the processing component; a first input of the first pump light processing component is a port to which the first pump light processing component is coupled to a second input of the second coupler; a second input end of the first pump light processing component receives reverse pump light from an optical path of signal light opposite the signal light, the inverse of the optical path from the signal light opposite the signal light
  • the pump light is output directly from the first output of the first pump light processing assembly to the second output of the first coupler.
  • the local pump light outputted from the second output end of the twelfth coupler in FIGS. 6B and 6C Sending to the symmetrical optical path of the signal light path shown in FIG. 2 or FIG. 5; the local pump light outputted from the second output end of the thirteenth coupler is sent to the signal light path shown in FIG. 2 or FIG. Symmetrical light path.
  • the second output end of the twelfth coupler and the second output end of the thirteenth coupler, and the first output end of the twelfth coupler and the first output end of the thirteenth coupler in the embodiment are Symmetrical.
  • the structure of the first pump light processing component can be applied to the optical repeater shown in FIG. 3 or FIG. 4, as follows:
  • the input end of the first pump light processing component comprises: a first input end of the first pump light processing component and a second input end of the first pump light processing component; the first pump The Puguang processing component further includes: a fourteenth coupler;
  • first input end of the fourteenth coupler and a first input end as the first pump light processing component and a second input end of the fourteenth coupler as the first pump light a second input end of the processing component, the first output end of the fourteenth coupler serving as a first output end of the first pump light processing component;
  • the fourteenth coupler will enter the reverse pump light from the second coupler at the first input of the fourteenth coupler, and the second input from the fourth input of the fourteenth coupler Performing reverse pumping light of the optical path of the signal light on the side opposite to the signal light, and transmitting the coupled partial pumping light from the first output end of the fourteenth coupler to the a second output of the first coupler.
  • the local pump light outputted from the second output end of the twelfth coupler is sent to the symmetrical optical path of the signal optical path shown in FIG. 4; the second output end of the thirteenth coupler
  • the output local pump light is sent to a symmetrical optical path with the signal light path shown in FIG. 2 or 5.
  • the second output end of the twelfth coupler and the second output end of the thirteenth coupler, and the first output end of the twelfth coupler and the first output end of the thirteenth coupler in the embodiment are Symmetrical.
  • Fig. 2 ⁇ 6D can also include an optical isolator to ensure the unidirectionality of the optical path.
  • the embodiment of the present invention is not strictly limited; wherein two places can preferably use a circulator instead of optical isolation
  • the part of the device is as follows:
  • the second coupler is a first circulator;
  • the first circulator is: a circulator connected in sequence according to the first port, the second port, and the third port;
  • a first port of the first circulator is a first input end of the second coupler
  • a second port of the first circulator is an output end of the second coupler
  • the third port is the second input of the second coupler.
  • the third coupler is a second circulator;
  • the second circulator is: a circulator connected in sequence according to the first port, the second port, and the third port;
  • a first port of the second circulator is a second output of the third coupler
  • a second port of the second circulator is an input end of the third coupler
  • the third port is the first output of the third coupler.
  • a gain flattening filter is also connected in series in the optical path of the signal light.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention further provides an optical repeater, as shown in FIG. 7, including:
  • a first input of the optical repeater a first output of the optical repeater, a second erbium doped fiber, a seventh coupler, an eighth coupler, a ninth coupler, and a second pump light processing component ;
  • the first input end of the optical repeater is connected to the input end of the ninth coupler, and the first output end of the ninth coupler is connected to the first input end of the seventh coupler, and the seventh coupler
  • the output end of the second erbium doped fiber is connected to the first input end of the eighth coupler, and the output end of the eighth coupler is connected to the optical repeater
  • An output end of the second pump light processing component is coupled to a second input end of the eighth coupler; a first output end of the second pump light processing component is coupled to the ninth turn a second output end of the second pump, the second output end of the second pump light processing component is connected to the second input end of the seventh coupler;
  • the reverse pumping light enters the optical repeater from the first output end, enters the eighth coupler through the output end of the eighth coupler, and the eighth coupler is coupled out to enter the eighth coupling
  • the reverse pumping light of the device is sent to the input of the second pump light processing component via the second input of the eighth coupler; the first input of the signal light from the optical repeater The end enters the optical repeater, passes through the ninth coupler, the seventh coupler, the second erbium doped fiber, and the eighth coupler in sequence, and finally passes through the first output end of the optical repeater Out of the optical repeater; a first output end of the second pump light processing component transmits pump light to a second output end of the ninth coupler; a second output end of the second pump light processing component to the seventh coupler
  • the second input transmits pump light; the pump light includes local pump light and/or the reverse pump light generated by the first pump light processing component itself; and enters the ninth coupler Pump light of the second output passes through the input of the ninth coupler, the optical
  • the pump light received at the input end of the second erbium-doped fiber enters the second erbium-doped fiber and is partially absorbed by the second erbium-doped fiber, thereby The signal light of the second erbium-doped fiber is amplified.
  • the optical repeater still has a reverse from the outside of the optical repeater.
  • the pump light can still stimulate the erbium-doped fiber, so that the signal light is not absorbed seriously, and even has a small gain, so that the business of the optical communication system can still be maintained without interruption.
  • the end station is provided with reverse Raman pump light
  • the end-to-end optical repeater can also couple residual Raman pump light from the end station and stimulate the erbium-doped fiber.
  • the input end of the first pump light processing component is shown as one.
  • the first pump light processing component may have other inputs, such as the dotted line shown in FIG.
  • the reverse pump light input in the direction of the arrow; the reverse pump light is the pump light opposite to the propagation direction of the signal light, and the source thereof may be the signal light path side shown in FIG. 7 or may be opposite to the light path. The other side, or a combination of the two; therefore, the reverse pumping light input in the direction of the dotted arrow shown in Fig. 7 is not essential and should not be construed as an essential component of the optical repeater of the embodiment of the invention.
  • the input end of the second pump light processing component includes: a first input end of the second pump light processing component and a second input end of the second pump light processing component;
  • a first input end of the second pump light processing component is a port of the second pump light processing component connected to a second input end of the eighth coupler; the second pump light processing component
  • the second input is a reverse pump light that receives an optical path from the signal light on the side opposite the signal light.
  • the function of the first pump light processing component and the propagation of the pump light in the first pump light processing component are defined as long as the first pump light processing component capable of achieving the above functions is
  • the structure is all possible, and the embodiment of the present invention is not limited.
  • the following examples will exemplify several preferred structural examples:
  • the structure of the first pump light processing component can be applied to the optical repeater shown in FIG. 7, as follows:
  • the second pump light processing component includes: a fourth pump source, a second polarization beam combiner, a fifteenth coupler, a sixteenth coupler, and a seventeenth coupler; the second pump source Can include 2N pump lasers, N > 1; a polarization combiner typically contains two inputs;
  • An output of the fourth pump source is coupled to an input of the second polarization combiner, and an output of the second polarization combiner is coupled to an input of the fifteenth coupler, a first output of the fifteenth coupler is coupled to the first input of the sixteenth coupler, the first output of the sixteenth coupler being the first of the second pump light processing component
  • the fourth pump source generates the local pump light, and transmits the local pump light to the input end of the second polarization combiner via the output end of the second pump source, An output of the two polarization combiner is sent to an input end of the fifteenth coupler, and the fifteenth coupler couples the local pump light entering the fifteenth coupler and couples The obtained portion of the pump light transmits the first input end of the sixteenth coupler; the seventeenth coupler will enter the first input end of the seventeenth coupler from the eighth coupling Reverse pumping light of the device, and reverse pumping light entering the second input end of the seventeenth coupler from the optical path of the signal light on the side opposite to the signal light, and coupling the obtained Partially reverse pumping light is sent through a first output of the seventeenth coupler to a second input of the sixteenth coupler; the sixteenth coupler will enter the sixteenth coupler a reverse pump light of the second input, and a local end of the first input of the sixteenth coupler Pumping light is coupled, and a part of the pump light
  • the second output end of the fifteenth coupler can output the local pump light
  • tenth The second output of the seven coupler can output reverse pump light
  • the two pump lights can be coupled via another coupler, using a symmetrical structure pair with the sixteen coupler and the signal light shown in FIG.
  • the light path symmetrical light path realizes the input of the pump light.
  • a pump in the pump light processing assembly, a pump is generated by a pump source (including a first pump source, a second pump source, a third pump source, and a fourth pump source).
  • the wavelength of the Puguang can be set as needed. In order to cover more amplification bandwidth, more pump sources can be added, which is not limited by the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the couplers in FIG. 7 to 8 can be replaced by a circulator.
  • the optical path of FIG. 7-8 can also include an optical isolator to ensure the unidirectionality of the optical path, which is not strictly limited in this embodiment of the present invention.
  • the circulator can be preferably used instead of the optical isolator, as follows:
  • the eighth coupler is a third circulator; the third circulator is: according to the first port a second port and a third port sequentially connected to the circulator;
  • a first port of the third circulator is a first input end of the eighth coupler
  • a second port of the third circulator is an output end of the second coupler
  • the third ring The third port of the device is the second input of the second coupler.
  • the ninth coupler is a fourth circulator;
  • the fourth circulator is: a circulator connected in sequence according to the first port, the second port, and the third port;
  • a first port of the fourth circulator is a second output end of the ninth coupler, a second port of the fourth circulator is an input end of the ninth coupler, the fourth ring
  • the third port of the device is the first output of the ninth coupler.
  • a gain flattening filter is also connected in series in the optical path of the signal light.
  • Raman pump light is used, one is sent to the EDF as EDF pump light; in the embodiment of the present invention, in the process of introducing the light propagation direction, it is not functionally distinguished.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides an optical repeater structure. As shown in FIG. 9, the structure of this embodiment may correspond to the combination of FIG. 4 and FIG. 6B in the foregoing embodiment.
  • the optical repeater includes: a Wavelength Division Multiplexer (WDM), EDF, Coupler, Isolator, 14XX nm pump and 980 nm pum pump source;
  • WDM Wavelength Division Multiplexer
  • EDF Coupler
  • Isolator 14XX nm pump
  • 980 nm pum pump source there are two inputs (input 1 and input 2
  • the two output terminals respectively correspond to a pair of optical paths in opposite directions, and the two are symmetric. In the present embodiment, one of the optical paths will be described, and the other optical path will not be described again.
  • WDM1 ⁇ WDM4 in WDM1 ⁇ WDM8 belong to the above optical path.
  • EDF1 in EDF1-EDF2 belongs to the above optical path.
  • Isolator 1 and Isolator 2 Isolator 1 belongs to the above optical path.
  • the pump source of 14XX nm pum and 980 nm pump is shared by two optical paths. In the above optical path, each device The connection relationship is as follows:
  • the input of WDM1 is connected to input 1, the output of WDM1 is connected to input 1 of WDM2, the output of WDM1 is connected to input 1 of WDM2, the output of WDM2 is connected to the input of EDF1, and the output of EDF1 is connected to the input of WDM3.
  • the output 1 of WDM3 is connected to the input of Isolator 1, the output of Isolator 1 is connected to the input 1 of WNM4, and the output of WNM4 is connected to output 1;
  • the input terminal 2 of the WDM4 is connected to the output terminal 2 of the WDM3;
  • 14XX nm pump source 1 and 14XX nm pump source 2 are connected to the input of the coupler 1 respectively
  • the output 1 of the coupler 1 is connected to the output 2 of the WDM1; the pump source 1 of 980 nm and the pump source 2 of 980 nm are respectively connected to the input terminal 1 and the input terminal 2 of the coupler 2, The output 1 of the coupler 2 is connected to the input 2 of the WDM2.
  • the direction of the solid arrow is the direction of propagation of the signal light
  • the direction of the dotted arrow is the direction of the reverse pump light
  • the direction of the dotted arrow is the direction of the forward pump light.
  • the reverse pumping light is pump light that is opposite to the direction in which the signal light propagates
  • the forward pumping light is the same pumping light as the direction in which the signal light propagates.
  • the direction of propagation of the pump light is as follows:
  • the 14XX nm pump source 1 and the 14XX nm pump source 2 generate 14XX nm pump light, respectively, and enter the input 1 and input 2 of the coupler 1, respectively, and the coupler 1 performs the input pump light. Coupling, and outputting at the output 1 and output 2 of the coupler 1, wherein the pump light outputted at the output 1 of the coupler 1 enters the output 2 of WDM1; the pump light entering from the output 2 of WDM1 Passing through the WDM1 from the input end of the WDM1; the pump light is excited by the transmission fiber, so that the signal light is amplified by the stimulated Raman effect scattering, and along the side of the input terminal 1 An optical repeater to the incoming submarine cable fiber communication system.
  • the 980 nm pump source 1 and the 980 nm pump source 2 respectively generate 980 nm pump light and enter the input 1 and input 2 of the coupler 2 respectively; the coupler 2 performs the input pump light. Coupling, and outputting at the output 1 and output 2 of the coupler 2, wherein the pump light output at the output 1 of the coupler 2 enters the input 2 of the WDM2.
  • the direction of propagation of the signal light is as follows:
  • the signal light enters the optical repeater from input 1 and enters the input of WDM1 and passes through WDM 1 through the output 1 of WDM 1 into the input 1 of WDM2;
  • WDM2 inputs the input of WDM2 1 input signal light and pump light input from input 2 of WDM2 are output from the output of WDM2 to the input of EDF1.
  • the pump light entering EDF1 amplifies the signal light entering EDF1 and outputs it from the output of EDF1.
  • WDM3 At the input of WDM3, WDM3 outputs the optical signal input from the input of WDM3 from the output 1 of WDM3 to the input of Isolator 1, and Isolator 1 releases the signal light input from the input of Isolator 1 and from the output of Isolator 1.
  • WDM4 will output the signal light entering the input terminal 1 of WDM4 from the output terminal of WDM4 to the output terminal 1;
  • the reverse pump light entering from output 1 is the next optical repeater from the submarine cable fiber communication system; the direction of the reverse pump light is as follows:
  • WDM3 amplifies the signal light passing through the EDF1 by the reverse pump light entering from the output of the WDM3 input from the reverse pump light entering the output terminal 2 of the WDM3.
  • the pump light in the 14XXnm band has a wavelength between 1400 and 1500 nm, preferably 1450 to 1460 nm.
  • the pump light in the 14XXnm band is reversely coupled into the transmission fiber, the transmission fiber is excited, and the signal light is amplified by the stimulated Raman scattering effect; in addition, the 980 nm band pump light is used (also It is 14XX pump light)
  • the erbium-doped fiber coupled to the inside of the repeater excites the erbium ions therein, and amplifies the signal light by the principle of stimulated radiation.
  • the above Isolator 1 is a signal band unidirectional device for isolating signal light band reverse noise light.
  • a reverse residual pump light coupling channel is also provided (in FIG. 9
  • the unidirectional device is connected to the WDM4 by a bypass channel before and after, and is used to couple the residual Raman pump light of the downstream or upstream repeater output into the erbium doped fiber.
  • the structure shown in Fig. 10 can correspond to the combination of Fig. 4 and Fig. 6C in the foregoing embodiment.
  • the difference is that the structure shown in Figure 10 is basically the same as that shown in Figure 9.
  • the path of the reverse pump light from the next optical repeater of the submarine cable communication system is different.
  • the difference in the path is because of how to provide the reverse. Residual pump light is combined with the channel, resulting from different.
  • the input terminal 2 of the WDM4 is connected to the output terminal 2 of the WDM7, and the input terminal 2 of the WDM8 is connected to the output terminal 2 of the WDM3; that is, the reverse pump light of the EDF is from the opposite side.
  • the light path still take the light path of the reverse pump light entering all the way above as an example:
  • the reverse pump light entering from the output terminal 1 enters the WDM4 through the output of the WDM4, and the WDM4 separates the reverse pump light entering the WDM4 and sends it to the output terminal 2 of the WDM8 on the opposite side, and enters the output terminal 2 of the WDM7.
  • the WDM7 sends the reverse pump light entering the output 2 of the WDM7 from the input of the WDM7 to the output of the EDF2, and the reverse pump light entering from the output of the EDF2 amplifies the signal light of the EDF2.
  • the changes in the light path are as follows:
  • the WDM4 transmits the reverse pump light entering from the output of the WDM4 from the input terminal 2 of the WDM4, and the reverse pump light transmitted from the input terminal 2 of the WDM4 enters the WDM3.
  • WDM3 passes the reverse pump light entering from the output 2 of WDM3 from the input of WDM3, and the reverse pump light from the input of WDM3 enters the output of EDF1; from EDF1
  • the reverse pump light entering at the output of the amplifier amplifies the signal light passing through the EDF1.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides another optical repeater structure. As shown in FIG. 11A, the structure of this embodiment may correspond to the combination of FIG. 4 and FIG. 6D in the foregoing embodiment.
  • Fig. 11A there are two input terminals (input terminal 1 and input terminal 2), and two output terminals (output terminal 1 and output terminal 2) respectively correspond to a pair of optical paths in opposite directions, and the two are symmetrical. In the embodiment, one of the optical paths is described, and the other optical path is no longer ⁇ Said.
  • Fig. 11A WDM1, WDM3, WDM5, WDM7 belong to the above optical path in WDM1 WDM8, GFF1 belongs to the above optical path in GFF1 and GFF2, EDF1 in EDF1-EDF2 belongs to the above optical path, Isolator 1 -Isolator 4, Isolator 1
  • the Isolator2 belongs to the above optical path.
  • the pump source of the 1455 nm pump and 980 nm pum is shared by the two optical paths.
  • the coupler 1 to the coupler 3 and the PBC are shared by the two optical paths, and the optical path is on the upper path.
  • the connection relationship of each device is as follows:
  • the input of WDM1 is connected to input 1
  • the output of WDM1 is connected to the input of GFF1
  • the output of GFF1 is connected to the input of Isolator 1
  • the output of Isolator 1 is connected to the input of WDM3
  • the output of WDM3 is connected to EDF1.
  • the output of EDF1 is connected to the input of WDM5
  • the output of WDM5 is connected to the input of Isolator 2
  • the output of Isolator 2 is connected to the input of WDM7
  • the output of WDM7 is connected to output 1;
  • the 1455 nm pump source 1 and the 1455 nm pump source 2 are connected to the input 1 and input 2 of the PBC, respectively.
  • the output of the PBC is connected to the input 1 of the coupler 1, and the output 1 of the coupler 1 is connected to the WDM1.
  • Output 2, the output 2 of the coupler 1 is connected to the output 2 of the WDM2;
  • the pump source 1 of 980 nm and the pump source 2 of 980 nm are respectively connected to the input terminal 1 and the input terminal 2 of the coupler 2, the output terminal 1 of the coupler 2 is connected to the input terminal 2 of the WDM2, and the output terminal 2 of the coupler 2 Connect to input 2 of WDM4.
  • the upper and lower optical paths are included, and the direction indicated by the Isolator is the propagation direction of the signal light, and the arrow mark is not used alone in Fig. 11A.
  • the direction of the dotted arrow is the direction of the reverse pump light propagation, and the direction of the dotted arrow is the direction of the forward pump light.
  • the reverse pumping light is pump light that is opposite to the direction in which the signal light propagates, and the forward pumping light is the same pumping light as the signal light.
  • the pump source 1 at 1455 nm and the pump source 2 at 1455 nm generate pump light at 1455 nm, respectively, and enter the input 1 and input 2 of the PBC, respectively, and the PBC enters the input 1 and input 2 of the PBC.
  • the coupled pump light is coupled and outputted to the input of the coupler 1 at the output of the PBC.
  • the coupler 1 splits the pump light of the coupler 1 into two paths, one of which is sent to the output 2 of WDM1, and the other All the way to the output 2 of the WDM2; the pump light entering from the output 2 of the WDM1 passes through the WDM1 and is transmitted from the input of the WDM1; this pump light will be transmitted to the sea in the direction of the input 1 An optical repeater on the cable optical communication system; pump light entering from the output 2 of the WDM 2 passes through the WDM 2 and is transmitted from the input end of the WDM 2; this pump light will be transmitted along the input end 2 Into the next optical repeater of the submarine cable optical communication system;
  • the direction of propagation of the signal light is as follows:
  • the signal light enters the optical repeater from input 1 and enters the input of WDM1 and passes through WDM1 through the output 1 of WDM1 into the input of GFF1 and through the output of GFF1 via GFF1.
  • Isolator 1 releases the signal light input from the input of Isolator 1 and outputs it from the output of Isolator 1 to the input 1 of WDM3;
  • WDM3 inputs the signal light input to input 1 of WDM3 and the input of WDM3
  • the pump light input from terminal 2 is output from the output of WDM3 to the input of EDF1.
  • the pump light entering EDF1 amplifies the signal light entering EDF1 and outputs it from the output of EDF1 to the input of WDM5.
  • WDM5 will be WDM5.
  • the input optical signal from the input is output from the output 1 of the WDM5 to the input of the Isolator 2, and the Isolator 2 releases the signal input from the input of the Isolator 2 and outputs it from the output of the Isolator 2 to the input 1 of the WDM7, WDM7
  • the signal light entering the input terminal 1 of WDM7 is output from the output end of WDM7 to the output terminal 1;
  • the reverse pump light entering from the output terminal 1 and the output terminal 2 respectively comes from the next optical repeater and the previous repeater of the submarine cable optical communication system; the direction of propagation of the reverse pump light as follows:
  • the reverse pump light from the next optical repeater of the submarine cable optical communication system is transmitted through the input terminal 2 of the output terminal 1, and the reverse pump light transmitted from the input terminal 2 of the WDM 7 enters the coupler 3 Input 1;
  • the reverse pump light from the last optical repeater of the submarine cable optical communication system passes through the output terminal 1
  • the input terminal 2 is transmitted, and the reverse pump light transmitted from the input terminal 2 of the WDM 8 enters the input terminal 1 of the coupler 3;
  • the coupler 3 couples the input pump 1 entering the coupler 3 and the reverse pump light entering the input end 2 of the coupler 3 into two ways, one way from the output 1 of the coupler 3 To the output 2 of the WDM 5, the other is transmitted from the output 2 of the coupler 3 and the output 2 of the WDM 6 is transmitted; the end is transmitted, and the reverse pump light transmitted from the input of the WDM 5 enters the EDF 1 Output; the reverse pump light entering from the output of EDF1 amplifies the signal light passing through the EDF1.
  • the wavelength of the pump light is selected to be 1455 nm, so that the signal light of the 1550 nm band obtains the highest Raman gain, which is beneficial to reduce the noise figure of the optical repeater; and the wavelength is also in the stimulated absorption bandwidth of the erbium-doped fiber.
  • the residual pump light can act to excite the erbium ions.
  • the coupler can both use a 3 dB coupler; two Raman pumps of 1455 nm are combined by PBC, and then split by a 3 dB coupler, and coupled to the optical path of the signal light through the WDM device. .
  • the 1455nm pumping results in a lower polarization of the pump light through PBC combining, which helps to reduce the polarization-dependent gain.
  • An opto-isolator (Isolator 1) is used on the input side of the EDFA to isolate the reverse spontaneous emission generated in the EDF.
  • GFF gain flattening filter
  • the residual pump light coupled from the forward and reverse transmission fibers by the WDM device is mixed by a 2*2 coupler (coupler 3) and then coupled to the erbium-doped fiber.
  • the redundancy of the residual pump light that is, the EDMA fiber of both EDFAs can be excited by residual pump light only with forward or reverse residual pump light.
  • the service signal light is input from Input1 (input terminal 1), and then sequentially passed through WDM1, GFF1, optical isolator 1 and WDM3 into the erbium doped fiber 1 and then amplified, then passed through WDM5, optical isolator and WDM7, and then Output from Outputl (output 1) into the downstream transmission fiber;
  • two 1455nm pump light is combined by PBC, and then split into two via 3dB coupler 1, some of which are coupled to the transmission fiber through WDM1 coupled to the Input1 output;
  • the two 980 pumps are mixed by the 3dB coupler 2 and split into two paths, one of which is coupled to the erbium-doped fiber by WDM3 and absorbed by the erbium ion; the residual pump light in the downstream fiber is input from the Outputl port, and then
  • the WDM7 is coupled out and then split into two via a 3dB coupler 3, one of which is coupled to the erbium doped fiber via WDM5 and
  • WDM1 and WDM2 can also be replaced by optical circulators; the positions of GFF1 and GFF2 can be adjusted to after isolator 2 and isolator 4; 980 pump direction can be adjusted to reverse pump, residual Raman pump The pump can be adjusted to forward pumping; in order to obtain a wider gain bandwidth and a larger span length, a pair of Raman pump lasers can be added, such as a 3dB coupler 1 replaced with a 2 x 2 3dB coupler. Another input connected to a pair of 1425 nm Raman pumps allows the amplification bandwidth to cover 1530-1565 nm.
  • a 12 dB gain optical repeater is designed according to the above embodiment 1, and is compared with the EDFA scheme and the Raman/EDFA hybrid amplification scheme without residual pump coupling. The details are as shown in Table 1 below:
  • Fig. 11B based on the wavelength of 1540 nm, the curve in Fig. 11B is from top to bottom: Raman/EDFA hybrid amplification or EDFA amplification (with/without residual pump coupling): All pumps inside the repeater are normal ;
  • Raman/EDFA hybrid amplification (with residual pump coupling): All pump failures within the repeater; Raman/EDFA hybrid amplification (no residual pump coupling): All pumps inside the repeater fail; EDFA amplification: All The pump failed.
  • EDFA amplification all pumps inside the repeater fail
  • Raman/EDFA hybrid amplification (no residual pump coupling): All pump failures within the repeater; Raman/EDFA hybrid amplification (with residual pump coupling): All pumps within the repeater fail; EDFA amplification: Medium All pumps inside the relay are normal;
  • the scheme of the embodiment of the present invention has an improvement of about 0.5 dB in terms of noise figure relative to the EDFA scheme; the relative EDFA amplification scheme and the Raman/EDFA hybrid amplification scheme effectively reduce the signal loss in the case of all pump failures, in the long The wavelength region also provides a small gain and significantly reduces the noise figure at pump failure. This is beneficial to improve the tolerance of the optical repeater pump failure.
  • optical repeater uses the optical repeater scheme of the first embodiment, and uses a non-dispersive compensation large effective area pure silicon core optical fiber link.
  • Table 2 The main configuration parameters of the system are as shown in Table 2 below:
  • the downstream residual Raman pump light is coupled into the EDFA fiber
  • the system OSNR is between 18.5-19.3dB OSNR (see Figure 11D, which is the effect of all pump failures on the OSNR of an optical repeater in the system). );
  • Fig. 11D based on the wavelength of 1545 nm, the curves in Fig. 11D are from top to bottom: Raman/EDFA hybrid amplification link (all repeaters are pumped normally);
  • Raman/EDFA hybrid amplification link one of the optical repeater pumps is completely ineffective, with upstream and downstream residues Residual pump coupling;
  • Raman/EDFA hybrid amplification link (one of the optical repeater pumps fails, no upstream and downstream residual pump coupling);
  • the signal light receives OSNR tolerance after being transmitted through the system
  • the system applies the optical repeater of the present invention.
  • the system OSNR is degraded by 0.8-0.4 dB, and the short-wavelength degradation is slightly larger.
  • the OSNR of all wavelengths is still above 17.6dB, and there is still a 3.4Db OSNR margin from the OSNR tolerance of 14.2dB after the signal is transmitted. All service signal light can maintain normal transmission.
  • the OSNR of some service signal lights near 1540nm will be degraded and lower than the OSNR tolerance of the signal light after transmission, which will lead to service interruption or performance instability. If the system uses a traditional pure EDFA amplifying optical repeater instead of a Raman/EDFA hybrid amplifying optical repeater, all pump failures in one optical repeater will result in most service signals having an OSNR lower than the service signal. System OSNR tolerance and service interruption.
  • the embodiment of the present invention couples the upstream and downstream residual Raman pump light to the EDFA to significantly improve the tolerance of the system to the optical repeater failure.
  • even all the pumps in an optical repeater The failure of the Pu can still guarantee that all services are uninterrupted, which is substantially improved compared to the traditional EDFA amplification and the Raman/EDFA hybrid amplified optical repeater.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides another optical repeater structure. As shown in FIG. 12, the structure of this embodiment may correspond to the combination of FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 in the foregoing embodiment. Includes: Circulator, WDM, EDF, Coupler, and PBC. In Fig.
  • connection relationship of each device is as follows: The input end 1 is connected to the interface 2 of the circulator 1 , the interface 3 of the circulator is connected to the input 1 of the WDM 1 , the output of the WDM 1 is connected to the input of the EDF 1 , the output of the EDF 1 is connected to the interface 1 of the circulator 3 , and the interface of the circulator 3 2 connected to the output 1;
  • the 1455 nm pump source 1 and the 1455 nm pump source 2 are connected to the input 1 and input 2 of the PBC, respectively.
  • the output of the PBC is connected to the input 1 of the coupler 1 and the output 1 of the coupler 1 is connected.
  • the input end 1 of the combiner 2, the output end 2 of the coupler 1 is connected to the input end 1 of the coupler 3; the output end 1 of the coupler 2 is connected to the port 1 of the circulator 1, and the output 2 of the coupler 2 is connected to the WDM1 Input 2; port 3 of the circulator 3 is connected to the input 1 of the splicer 4, port 3 of the circulator 1 is connected to the input 2 of the splicer 4, and the output 1 of the splicer 4 is connected to the input of the splicer 2 End 2, the output 2 of the coupler 4 is connected to the input 2 of the coupler 3.
  • the upper and lower optical paths are included, wherein the propagation direction of the upper optical path signal light is from left to right (signal light is transmitted from the input terminal 1 to the output terminal 1), and is no longer in FIG. 11A.
  • the direction of the dotted arrow is the direction of the reverse pump light propagation, and the direction of the dotted arrow is the direction of the forward pump light.
  • the reverse pumping light is pump light that is opposite to the direction in which the signal light propagates, and the forward pumping light is the same pumping light as the direction in which the signal light propagates.
  • the direction of propagation of the pump light is as follows:
  • the pump source 1 at 1455 nm and the pump source 2 at 1455 nm generate pump light at 1455 nm, respectively, and enter the input 1 and input 2 of the PBC, respectively, and the PBC enters the input 1 and input 2 of the PBC.
  • the coupled pump light is coupled and output to the input of the coupler 1 at the output of the PBC.
  • the coupler 1 splits the pump light of the coupler 1 into two paths, one of which is sent to the input 1 of the coupler, the other way Sended to the input 1 of the coupler 3;
  • the reverse pump light entering from the port 2 of the circulator 3 is transmitted from the port 3 of the circulator 3 and enters the input 1 of the coupler 4;
  • the reverse pump light entering from the port 2 of the circulator 4 is from the ring Port 3 of the device 4 is transmitted out and enters the input terminal 2 of the coupler 4;
  • the coupler 4 combines the input pump 1 of the coupler 4 and the reverse pump diaphragm entering the input end of the coupler 4 into two paths. , all the way to the input 2 of the coupler 2, the other way to the input 2 of the coupler 3;
  • the coupler 2 combines the pump light entering the input end 1 of the coupler 2 and the reverse pump light entering the input end 2 of the coupler 2, and splits into two paths, one pump light in the coupler 2 Output 1 is sent to the ring Port 1 of the shaper 1, the pump light entering the port 1 of the circulator 1 is sent from the port 3 of the circulator 1 to the input terminal 1, and the other pump light is sent at the output 2 of the coupler 2 to the input of the WDM1. 2.
  • the direction of propagation of the signal light is as follows:
  • the signal light enters the optical repeater from the input terminal 1, enters the port 2 of the circulator 1, and is transmitted from the port 3 of the circulator 1 to transmit the signal light from the port 3 of the circulator 1 Enter the input end 1 of WDM1;
  • WDM1 sends the signal light entering the input end 1 of WDM1 and the pump light entering the input end 2 of WDM1 to the input end of EDF1, and the pump light entering EDF1 amplifies the signal light entering EDF1 And outputted from the output of the EDF 1 to the port 1 of the circulator 3, and the signal light entering from the port 1 of the circulator 3 is output from the port 2 of the circulator 3 to the output 1.
  • a set of 1455 nm pump light is split by PBC, then divided into two by the coupler 1, and then each is divided into two by a coupler, and then passed through the circulator and WDM is coupled to the transmission fiber and the erbium doped fiber as pump light for Raman pump light and EDFA, respectively.
  • the two Raman pump lights from the downstream optical repeater are coupled out through another circulator, then mixed by a 2*2 coupler, and then input from the other input of the couplers 2, 3.
  • coupler 1 and coupler 4 are equal-proportional couplers, i.e., 50/50 couplers
  • coupler 2 and coupler 3 are unequal-scale couplers, such as 30/70 couplers.
  • the optical signal flows as follows: The traffic signal is input from Inputl, and then passes through the circulator 1, WDM1 enters the erbium doped fiber 1 and is amplified, then passes through the circulator 3, and then enters the downstream transmission fiber from the Outputl output.
  • Two 1455nm pumping lights are combined by PBC and then split into two by the coupler 1, some of which are split into two by the coupler 2, and a larger one is coupled into the upstream transmitting fiber through the circulator 1 Among them, the smaller one is injected into the erbium-doped fiber 1 through WDM1 coupling; the other part of the pumping light branched by the coupler 1 is finally combined to the upstream transmission fiber and the erbium-doped fiber 2 of the other fiber link in the same manner.
  • the residual pump light in the downstream fiber is input from the Outputl port, and then split by the circulator 3 and then split into two paths through the coupler 4, one of which is divided into two by the coupler 2, and the smaller one is
  • the circulator 1 is coupled into the upstream transmission fiber, and the larger one is coupled to the erbium doped fiber 1 via WDM1 coupling; the other is ultimately coupled in the same manner to the upstream transmission fiber and the erbium doped fiber 2 of the other fiber link.
  • FIG. 13 Another embodiment of the present invention provides an optical repeater structure.
  • the structure of this embodiment is shown in FIG. It can correspond to the combination of FIG. 5 and FIG. 6A in the foregoing embodiment.
  • input terminal 1 and input terminal 2 there are two input terminals (input terminal 1 and input terminal 2, ).
  • the two output terminals (output terminal 1 and output terminal 2) respectively correspond to a pair of optical paths in opposite directions, and the two are symmetrical.
  • One of the optical paths will be described in the embodiment, and the other optical path will not be described again.
  • WDM1, WDM3, WDM5, and WDM7 belong to the above optical path in WDM1 ⁇ WDM8.
  • GFF1 and GFF2 GFF1 belongs to the above optical path
  • EDF1 in EDF1-EDF2 belongs to the above optical path
  • Isolator 1 -Isolator 4 Isolator 1 and Isolator3 belong to the above optical path.
  • the pump source of the 1455 nm pump is shared by the two optical paths.
  • the coupler 1, coupler 2 and PBC are shared by the two optical paths.
  • each The connection relationship of the device is as follows:
  • the input end of WDM1 is connected to input terminal 1, the output end 1 of WDM1 is connected to the input end of GFF1, the output end 2 of WDM1 is connected to the input end 2 of WDM3; the output end of GFF1 is connected to the input end of Isolator 1, and the output end of Isolator 1 is connected to WDM3 Input 1, the output of WDM3 is connected to the input of EDF1, the output of EDF1 is connected to the input of WDM5, the output 1 of WDM5 is connected to the input of Isolator 3, and the output 2 of WDM5 is connected to the output of coupler 1. 1, the output of Isolator 3 is connected to the input 1 of WDM7, and the output of WDM7 is connected to output 1;
  • the 1455 nm pump source 1 and the 1455 nm pump source 2 are connected to the input 1 and input 2 of the PBC, respectively.
  • the output of the PBC is connected to the input 1 of the coupler 1, and the output 1 of the coupler 1 is connected to the WDM5.
  • Output 2, the output 2 of the coupler 1 is connected to the output 2 of the WDM6;
  • the input 2 of the WDM7 is connected to the input of the coupler 2
  • the input of the WDM8 is connected to the input 2 of the coupler 2
  • the output of the coupler 2 is connected to the input 2 of the coupler 1.
  • the upper and lower optical paths are included, and the direction indicated by the Isolator is the direction of propagation of the signal light, and the arrow mark is not used alone in Fig. 13.
  • the direction of the dotted arrow is the direction of the reverse pump light propagation, and the direction of the solid arrow is the direction of the pump light generated in the optical repeater.
  • the so-called reverse pumping light is pump light that is opposite to the direction in which the signal light propagates, and the forward pumping light is the same pumping light as the direction in which the signal light propagates.
  • the reverse pump light is transmitted from the output terminal 1 to the optical repeater and enters the output of the WDM7.
  • the WDM7 combines the reverse pump light from the input terminal 2 of the WDM7 and sends it to the input of the coupler 2. 1;
  • the reverse pump light is transmitted from the output terminal 2 to the optical repeater and enters the output of the WDM8.
  • the WDM8 couples the reverse pump light out and transmits it from the WDM8 input terminal 2 to the input of the coupler 2. 2;
  • the coupler 2 couples the reverse pump light entering the input 1 of the coupler 2 and the reverse pump light entering the input 2 of the coupler 2, and the coupler 2 couples the coupled back pump Light is sent from the output of the coupler 2 to the input 2 of the coupler 1.
  • the direction of propagation of the pump light is as follows:
  • the pump source 1 at 1455 nm and the pump source 2 at 1455 nm generate pump light at 1455 nm, respectively, and enter the input 1 and input 2 of the PBC, respectively, and the PBC enters the input 1 and input 2 of the PBC.
  • the pump light is coupled and output to the input of the coupler 1 at the output of the PBC;
  • the coupler 1 combines the pump light entering the input end 1 of the coupler 1 and the reverse pump light entering the input end 2 of the coupler 1 and splits into two pump lights, one of which is in the coupler
  • the output 1 of 1 is sent to the output 2 of the WDM 5, and the other is sent to the output 2 of the WDM 6;
  • the pump light entering the output 2 of the WDM5 is coupled out by the WDM5 and sent to the output of the EDF1 via the input of the WDM5.
  • the pump light entering the EDF1 amplifies the signal light passing through the EDF1, and the residual pump light passes through the EDF1.
  • the input is sent to the output of WDM3.
  • WDM3 couples the residual pump light entering from the output of WDM3 and sends it to the output 2 of WDM1 via input 2 of WDM3.
  • WDM1 will enter the output 2 of WDM1.
  • the residual pump light is combined from the input of WDM1 to input 1, which is directed into the optical repeater on the submarine cable communication system in the direction of input 1.
  • the direction of propagation of the signal light is as follows: The signal light enters the optical repeater from input 1 and enters the input of WDM1 and passes through WDM1 through the output 1 of WDM1 into the input of GFF1 and through the output of GFF1 via GFF1.
  • Isolator 1 releases the signal light input from the input of Isolator 1 and outputs it from the output of Isolator 1 to the input 1 of WDM3; WDM3 outputs the signal light input from input 1 of WDM3 from the output of WDM3 The output is output to the input of EDF1, and the pump light entering EDF1 amplifies the signal light entering EDF1, and outputs it from the output of EDF1 to the input of WDM5, and the optical signal input by WDM5 to the input of WDM5.
  • the Isolator 3 releases the signal light input from the input of the Isolator 3 and outputs it from the output of the Isolator 3 to the input 1 of the WDM7, and the WDM7 enters the input 1 of the WDM7.
  • the signal light is output from the output of WDM7 to output 1.

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Abstract

本发明实施例公开了一种光中继器,及光纤通信系统,其中光中继器的实现方案包括:光中继器的第一输入端、光中继器的第一输出端、第一掺铒光纤、第一耦合器,第二耦合器以及第一泵浦光处理组件;所述光中继器的第一输入端连接所述第一掺铒光纤的输入端、所述第一掺铒光纤的输出端连接所述第一耦合器的输入端,所述第一耦合器的第一输出端连接所述第二耦合器的第一输入端,所述第二耦合器的输出端连接所述光中继器的第一输出端;第一泵浦光处理组件的输入端连接所述第二耦合器的第二输入端;所述第一泵浦光处理组件的输出端连接所述第一耦合器的第二输出端;以上方案在本端泵浦光全部失效时,仍有反向泵浦光进入,可以提高光纤通信系统的可靠性。

Description

一种光中继器, 及光纤通信系统
技术领域
本发明涉及通信技术领域, 特别涉及一种光中继器, 及光纤通信系统。 背景技术
自 1996年的海缆项目第一次釆用掺铒光纤放大器(Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier, EDFA )用于海缆光中继器, 开创了海缆光中继技术的新时代。 相 对传统再生型光中继器大大简化了设计并提高了系统可靠性。然而掺铒光纤放 大器的引入也带来了新的问题, 即自发辐射噪声的积累导致光信噪比(Optical Signal Noise Ratio, OSNR ) 的下降。 有中继海缆系统中通常釆用等跨段的中 继距离, 光中继器增益刚好补偿跨段光纤损耗, 收端信号的光信噪比可釆用如 下公式计算得到。
Figure imgf000002_0001
其中 N .表示第 i个光中继器的噪声系数(线性值), 表示第 i个光中继 器的单波输入功率(线性值), N为光中继器个数。 从如上公式可以看出信号 光的 OSNR 由每一级光中继器的噪声系数以及每一级光中继器信号光输入功 率决定的。
依据上述公式可以得到: 当光中继器都正常时,每个光中继器的噪声系数 和单波输入功率都是相同的, 每个光中继器对系统 OSNR积累的贡献也是相 同的; 如果当系统中的一个光中继器故障而使得其输出功率下降, 则导致其下 游相邻的光中继器输入功率降低而引入更多的自发辐射噪声积累;如果当系统 中一个光中继器彻底失去泵浦功率时, 光中继器中的掺铒光纤(Erbium Doped Fiber, EDF )对信号还会产生显著的吸收损耗, 使得其下游相邻的光中继器输 入功率降低很多, 导致系统 OSNR急剧劣化。 为了使光中继器维持足够高的 信号输入功率, 抑制自发辐射噪声的过度积累, 避免光信噪比的严重劣化, 通 常中继器釆用两个泵浦冗余备份,其中一个泵浦失效也能维持足够高的输出功 率, 使得下游光中继器输入功率下降不是非常显著, 光信噪比不会显著劣化。 业界也有中继器设计釆用 4个泵浦冗余备份,此时其中 3个泵浦失效也能维持 系统业务不会中断。 然而当一个纤对所有的泵浦失效, 或者光中继器供电单元 失效, 以上方案会导致系统 OSNR急剧劣化, 甚至业务中断。
另一方面, 随着海缆承载信号传输信号速率向 100Gb/s以上发展, 高阶调 制格式, 如 8正交振幅调制(8 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation, 8QAM )、 16 正交振幅调制 (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation, 16QAM )要求更高的光信 噪比, 限制了系统的传输距离。分布式喇曼放大技术可以提供更低的噪声系数 来改善系统 OSNR, 但是由于功耗大、 工作点接近线性区不利于故障容忍等因 素限制使得水下光中继器产品化困难。反向分布式喇曼放大器和掺铒光纤放大 器( Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier, EDFA )混合放大作为一种折中方案有利于 降低噪声系数,同时也不至于功耗增加太多,是水下光中继器的发展技术趋势。 然而分布式喇曼放大器与 EDFA混合放大的光中继器仍然存在上述基于 EDFA 技术的光中继器所存在的技术不足问题, 当 EDFA泵浦失效时 EDF会对信号 产生吸收损耗, 使得业务信号光信噪比劣化。
海缆通信系统水下的故障维修通常需要调用专用的海缆维修施工船只,维 修周期平均需要 2周左右, 而且绝大部分时间耗费在备件运输和出海航行。 系 统故障期间导致业务中断的经济损失非常巨大,因此需要海缆光中继器有极高 的可靠性。 但是, 当光中继器中 EDFA泵浦失效时 EDF会对信号产生吸收损 耗, 使得业务信号 OSNR急剧劣化, 甚至业务中断, 因此可靠性较低。 发明内容
本发明实施例提供了一种光中继器,及光纤通信系统, 用于提高光纤通信 系统的可靠性。
本发明实施例一方面提供了一种光中继器, 包括:
光中继器的第一输入端、 光中继器的第一输出端、 第一掺铒光纤、 第一耦 合器, 第二耦合器以及第一泵浦光处理组件;
所述光中继器的第一输入端连接所述第一掺铒光纤的输入端、所述第一掺 铒光纤的输出端连接所述第一耦合器的输入端,所述第一耦合器的第一输出端 连接所述第二耦合器的第一输入端,所述第二耦合器的输出端连接所述光中继 器的第一输出端;第一泵浦光处理组件的输入端连接所述第二耦合器的第二输 入端; 所述第一泵浦光处理组件的输出端连接所述第一耦合器的第二输出端; 反向泵浦光从第一输出端进入所述光中继器,经第二耦合器的输出端进入 所述第二耦合器, 第二耦合器耦合出进入所述第二耦合器的反向泵浦光, 并经 所述第二耦合器的第二输入端发送至所述第一泵浦光处理组件的输入端; 信号光从所述光中继器的第一输入端进入所述光中继器,依次经过所述第 一掺铒光纤、第一耦合器以及第二耦合器, 最后经所述光中继器的第一输出端 传出所述光中继器;
第一泵浦光处理组件的输出端向所述第一耦合器的第二输出端发送泵浦 光; 所述泵浦光包含所述第一泵浦光处理组件自身产生的本端泵浦光和 /或所 述反向泵浦光; 第一耦合器将所述第一耦合器的第二输出端接收到的泵浦光, 经所述第一耦合器的输入端发往所述第一掺铒光纤的输出端,从所述第一掺铒 光纤的输出端进入所述第一掺铒光纤。
结合一方面的实现方式, 在第一种可能的实现方式中, 所述光中继器, 还 包括: 第三耦合器; 所述第一泵浦光处理组件的输出端包括: 所述第一泵浦光 处理组件的第一输出端和所述第一泵浦光处理组件的第二输出端;
所述第三耦合器的输入端连接所述光中继器的第一输入端,所述第三耦合 器的第一输出端连接所述第一掺铒光纤的输入端; 所述第三耦合器的第二输 出端连接所述第一泵浦光处理组件的第二输出端;所述第一耦合器的第二输出 端连接所述第一泵浦光处理组件的第一输出端;
所述第一泵浦光处理组件的第二输出端向所述第三耦合器的第二输出端 发送泵浦光;所述第三耦合器将所述第三耦合器的第二输出端接收到的泵浦光 从所述第三耦合器的输入端发往所述光中继器的第一输入端;
所述第一泵浦光处理组件的第一输出端向所述第一耦合器的第二输出端 发送泵浦光; 第一耦合器将所述第一耦合器的第二输出端接收到的泵浦光, 经 所述第一耦合器的输入端发往所述第一掺铒光纤的输出端。
结合一方面的第一种可能的实现方式, 在第二种可能的实现方式中, 所述 光中继器, 还包括: 第六耦合器; 所述第一泵浦光处理组件的输出端还包括: 所述第一泵浦光处理组件的第三输出端; 所述第六耦合器位于所述第三耦合器与所述第一掺铒光纤之间的信号光 的光路中; 所述第三耦合器的第一输出端连接所述第六耦合器的第一输入端, 所述第一泵浦光处理组件的第三输出端连接所述第六耦合器的第二输入端,所 述第六耦合器的输出端连接所述第一掺铒光纤的输入端;
所述第一泵浦光处理组件的第三输出端向所述第六耦合器的第二输入端 发送泵浦光; 第六耦合器将所述第六耦合器的第二输入端接收到的泵浦光, 经 所述第六耦合器的输出端发往所述第一掺铒光纤的输入端。
结合一方面的实现方式, 在第三种可能的实现方式中, 所述光中继器, 还 包括: 第四耦合器、 光隔离器以及第五耦合器;
所述第四耦合器、光隔离器以及第五耦合器依次连接于所述光中继器与所 述第一掺铒光纤之间的信号光的光路中;所述第五耦合器的输入端与所述光中 继器的第一输入端连接,所述第五耦合器的第一输出端与所述光隔离器的输入 端连接, 所述光隔离器的输出端与所述第四耦合器的第一输入端连接, 所述第 五耦合器的第二输出端与所述第四耦合器的第二输入端连接;
进入所述第一掺铒光纤的泵浦光对经所述第一掺铒光纤的信号光进行放 大之后,进入所述第一掺铒光纤的泵浦的残余泵浦光经所述第一掺铒光纤的输 出端发往所述第四耦合器的输出端,第四耦合器将所述第四耦合器的输出端接 收到的残余泵浦光经所述第四耦合器的第二输入端发往所述第五耦合器的第 二输出端,所述第五耦合器将所述第五耦合器的输出端接收到的残余泵浦光经 所述第五耦合器的输入端发往所述光中继器的第一输入端。
结合一方面的实现方式, 一方面的第一种、第二种或者第三种可能的实现 方式, 在第四种可能的实现方式中, 所述第一泵浦光处理组件的输入端包括: 所述第一泵浦光处理组件的第一输入端和所述第一泵浦光处理组件的第二输 入端;
所述第一泵浦光处理组件的第一输入端为所述第一泵浦光处理组件与所 述第二耦合器的第二输入端连接的端口;所述第一泵浦光处理组件的第二输入 端接收来自与所述信号光相对一侧信号光的光路的反向泵浦光。
结合一方面的实现方式, 一方面的第一种、第二种或者第三种可能的实现 方式,在第五种可能的实现方式中,若所述第一泵浦光处理组件的输入端包括: 所述第一泵浦光处理组件的第一输入端和所述第一泵浦光处理组件的第二输 入端;所述第一泵浦光处理组件的第一输入端为所述第一泵浦光处理组件与所 述第二耦合器的第二输入端连接的端口;所述第一泵浦光处理组件的第二输入 端接收来自与所述信号光相对一侧信号光的光路的反向泵浦光;
所述第一泵浦光处理组件包括: 第一泵浦源, 第一偏振合束器、 第十耦合 器、 第十一耦合器;
第一泵浦源的输出端连接所述第一偏振合束器的输入端、第一偏振合束器 的输出端连接所述第十耦合器的第一输入端,所述第十耦合器的第一输出端作 为所述第一泵浦光处理组件的输出端;
第十一耦合器的第一输入端作为所述第一泵浦光处理组件的第一输入端, 所述第十一耦合器的第二输入端作为所述第一泵浦光处理组件的第二输入端, 所述第十一耦合器的第一输出端与所述第十耦合器的第二输入端连接; 振合束器的输入端,所述第一偏振合束器将所述第一偏振合束器的输入端进入 的本端泵浦光经所述第一偏振合束器的输出端,发往所述第十耦合器的第一输 入端;所述第十一耦合器将从所述第十一耦合器的第一输入端进入的反向泵浦 光以及从所述第十一耦合器的第二输入端进入的反向泵浦光鶫合,并将耦合得 到的部分反向泵浦光在所述第十一耦合器的第一输出端发往所述第十耦合器 的第二输入端;所述第十耦合器将从所述第十耦合器的第一输入端进入的本端 泵浦光以及从所述第十耦合器的第二输入端进入的反向泵浦光进行鶫合,并将 耦合得到的部分泵浦光从所述第十耦合器的第一输出端输出。
结合一方面的第二种可能的实现方式, 在第六种可能的实现方式中, 所述 第一泵浦光处理组件包括:
第二泵浦源、 第三泵浦源、 第十二耦合器、 第十三耦合器;
所述第二泵浦源的输出端与所述第十二耦合器的输入端连接,所述第十二 耦合器的第一输出端作为所述第一泵浦光处理组件的第二输出端;所述第三泵 浦源的输出端与所述第十三耦合器的输入端连接,所述第十三耦合器的第一输 出端作为所述第一泵浦光处理组件的第三输出端;
第二泵浦源产生第一本端泵浦光,并经所述第二泵浦源的输出端将所述第 一本端泵浦光发送至所述第十二耦合器的输入端,所述第十二耦合器将所述第 十二耦合器的输入端进入的第一本端泵浦光进行鶫合,并将耦合得到的部分第 一本端泵浦光在所述第十二耦合器的第一输出端输出;
第三泵浦源产生第二本端泵浦光,并经所述第三泵浦源的输出端将所述第 二本端泵浦光发送至所述第十三耦合器的输入端,所述第十三耦合器将所述第 十三耦合器的输入端进入的第二本端泵浦光进行鶫合,并将耦合得到的部分第 二本端泵浦光在所述第十三耦合器的第一输出端输出;
来自第二耦合器的第二输出端的反向泵浦光从所述第一泵浦光处理组件 的输入端进入,并直接从所述第一泵浦光处理组件的第一输出端输出至所述第 一耦合器的第二输出端;
若所述第一泵浦光处理组件的输入端包括:所述第一泵浦光处理组件的第 一输入端和所述第一泵浦光处理组件的第二输入端;所述第一泵浦光处理组件 的第一输入端为所述第一泵浦光处理组件与所述第二耦合器的第二输入端连 接的端口;所述第一泵浦光处理组件的第二输入端接收来自与所述信号光相对 一侧信号光的光路的反向泵浦光,所述来自与所述信号光相对一侧信号光的光 路的反向泵浦光直接从所述第一泵浦光处理组件的第一输出端输出至所述第 一耦合器的第二输出端。
结合一方面的第六种可能的实现方式, 在第七种可能的实现方式中, 若所 述第一泵浦光处理组件的输入端包括:所述第一泵浦光处理组件的第一输入端 和所述第一泵浦光处理组件的第二输入端; 所述第一泵浦光处理组件还包括: 第十四耦合器;
所述第十四耦合器的第一输入端与作为所述第一泵浦光处理组件的第一 输入端,所述第十四耦合器的第二输入端与作为所述第一泵浦光处理组件的第 二输入端,所述第十四耦合器的第一输出端作为所述第一泵浦光处理组件的第 一输出端;
所述第十四耦合器将进入所述第十四耦合器的第一输入端的来自所述第 二耦合器的反向泵浦光,以及进入所述第十四耦合器的第二输入端的来自与所 述信号光相对一侧信号光的光路的反向泵浦光进行鶫合,并将耦合得到的部分 反向泵浦光从所述第十四耦合器的第一输出端发往所述第一耦合器的第二输 出端。
结合一方面的实现方式, 一方面的第一种、第二种或者第三种可能的实现 方式, 在第八种可能的实现方式中, 所述第二耦合器为第一环形器; 所述第一 环形器为: 按照第一端口、 第二端口以及第三端口顺序连接的环形器;
所述第一环形器的第一端口为所述第二耦合器的第一输入端,所述第一环 形器的第二端口为所述第二耦合器的输出端,所述第一环形器的第三端口为所 述第二耦合器的第二输入端。
结合一方面的第一种、第二种或者第三种可能的实现方式,在第九种可能 的实现方式中, 所述第三耦合器为第二环形器; 所述第二环形器为: 按照第一 端口、 第二端口以及第三端口顺序连接的环形器;
所述第二环形器的第一端口为所述第三耦合器的第二输出端,所述第二环 形器的第二端口为所述第三耦合器的输入端,所述第二环形器的第三端口为所 述第三耦合器的第一输出端。
结合一方面的实现方式, 一方面的第一种、第二种或者第三种可能的实现 方式,在第十种可能的实现方式中, 所述信号光的光路中还串接有增益平坦滤 波器。
本发明实施例二方面提供了一种光中继器, 包括:
光中继器的第一输入端、 光中继器的第一输出端、 第二掺铒光纤、 第七耦 合器、 第八鶫合器, 第九鶫合器以及第二泵浦光处理组件;
所述光中继器的第一输入端连接所述第九鶫合器的输入端,第九鶫合器的 第一输出端连接所述第七耦合器的第一输入端,第七耦合器的输出端连接所述 第二掺铒光纤, 所述第二掺铒光纤的输出端连接所述第八耦合器的第一输入 端, 第八鶫合器的输出端连接所述光中继器的输出端; 所述第二泵浦光处理组 件的输入端连接所述第八鶫合器的第二输入端;所述第二泵浦光处理组件的第 一输出端连接所述第九鶫合器的第二输出端,所述第二泵浦光处理组件的第二 输出端连接所述第七耦合器的第二输入端;
反向泵浦光从第一输出端进入所述光中继器,经第八鶫合器的输出端进入 所述第八鶫合器, 第八鶫合器耦合出进入所述第八鶫合器的反向泵浦光, 并经 所述第八鶫合器的第二输入端发送至所述第二泵浦光处理组件的输入端; 信号光从所述光中继器的第一输入端进入所述光中继器,依次经过所述第 九鶫合器、 第七耦合器、 第二掺铒光纤以及第八鶫合器, 最后经所述光中继器 的第一输出端传出所述光中继器;
第二泵浦光处理组件的第一输出端向所述第九耦合器的第二输出端发送 泵浦光;第二泵浦光处理组件的第二输出端向所述第七耦合器的第二输入端发 送泵浦光;所述泵浦光包含所述第一泵浦光处理组件自身产生的本端泵浦光和 /或所述反向泵浦光; 进入所述第九耦合器的第二输出端的泵浦光经所述第九 耦合器的输入端,从所述光中继器的第一输入端传出所述光中继器; 进入所述 第七耦合器的第二输入端的泵浦光被所述第七耦合器耦合,并在所述第七耦合 器的输出端发往所述第二掺铒光纤的输入端。
结合二方面的实现方式,在第一种可能的实现方式中, 所述第二泵浦光处 理组件的输入端包括:所述第二泵浦光处理组件的第一输入端和所述第二泵浦 光处理组件的第二输入端;
所述第二泵浦光处理组件的第一输入端为所述第二泵浦光处理组件与所 述第八鶫合器的第二输入端连接的端口;所述第二泵浦光处理组件的第二输入 端是接收来自与所述信号光相对一侧信号光的光路的反向泵浦光。
结合二方面的第一种可能的实现方式, 在第二种可能的实现方式中, 所述 第二泵浦光处理组件包括:
第四泵浦源、 第二偏振合束器、 第十五耦合器、 第十六耦合器、 以及第十 七耦合器;
所述第四泵浦源的输出端与所述第二偏振合束器的输入端连接,所述第二 偏振合束器的输出端与所述第十五耦合器的输入端连接,所述第十五耦合器的 第一输出端与所述第十六耦合器的第一输入端连接,所述第十六耦合器的第一 输出端作为所述第二泵浦光处理组件的第一输出端,所述第十六耦合器的第二 输出端作为所述第二泵浦光处理组件的第二输出端;所述第十七耦合器的第一 输入端作为所述第二泵浦光处理组件的第一输入端,所述第十七耦合器的第二 输入端作为所述第二泵浦光处理组件的第二输入端;所述第十七耦合器的第一 输出端与所述是十六耦合器的第二输入端连接;
第四泵浦源产生本端泵浦光,并经所述第二泵浦源的输出端将所述本端泵 浦光发送至所述第二偏振合束器的输入端,经所述第二偏振合束器的输出端发 往所述第十五耦合器的输入端,所述第十五耦合器对进入所述第十五耦合器的 本端泵浦光进行鶫合,并将耦合得到的部分本段泵浦光发送所述第十六耦合器 的第一输入端;所述第十七耦合器将进入所述第十七耦合器的第一输入端的来 自所述第八鶫合器的反向泵浦光,以及进入所述第十七耦合器的第二输入端的 来自与所述信号光相对一侧信号光的光路的反向泵浦光进行鶫合,并将耦合得 到的部分反向泵浦光经所述第十七耦合器的第一输出端发往所述第十六耦合 器的第二输入端;所述第十六耦合器将进入所述第十六耦合器的第二输入端的 反向泵浦光, 以及进入所述第十六耦合器的第一输入端的本端泵浦光进行禺 合,并将耦合得到的一部分泵浦光经所述第十六耦合器的第一输出端发往所述 第九鶫合器,将耦合得到的另一部分泵浦光经所述第十六耦合器的第二输出端 发往所述第七耦合器。
结合二方面的实现方式,二方面的第一种或者第二种可能的实现方式,在 第三种可能的实现方式中,所述第八鶫合器为第三环形器;所述第三环形器为: 按照第一端口、 第二端口以及第三端口顺序连接的环形器;
所述第三环形器的第一端口为所述第八鶫合器的第一输入端,所述第三环 形器的第二端口为所述第二耦合器的输出端,所述第三环形器的第三端口为所 述第二耦合器的第二输入端。
结合二方面的实现方式,二方面的第一种或者第二种可能的实现方式,在 第四种可能的实现方式中,所述第九鶫合器为第四环形器;所述第四环形器为: 按照第一端口、 第二端口以及第三端口顺序连接的环形器;
所述第四环形器的第一端口为所述第九鶫合器的第二输出端,所述第四环 形器的第二端口为所述第九耦合器的输入端,所述第四环形器的第三端口为所 述第九耦合器的第一输出端。
结合二方面的实现方式,二方面的第一种或者第二种可能的实现方式,在 第五种可能的实现方式中, 所述信号光的光路中还串接有增益平坦滤波器。
本发明实施例三方面还提供了一种光纤通信系统, 包括: 光缆, 光缆内置 光中继器, 所述光中继器为本发明实施例提供的任意一项的光中继器。
从以上技术方案可以看出, 本发明实施例具有以下优点: 如果光中继器本 端产生的本端泵浦光全部失效或者其它故障导致无泵浦光输出情况下,光中继 器仍然有来自光中继器外部的反向泵浦光进入,仍然能够对掺铒光纤起到激励 作用, 使得信号光不至于被严重吸收, 甚至有小幅增益, 从而使光通信系统的 业务仍然能够维持不会中断。 另外, 如果端站提供有反向喇曼泵浦光, 那么首 尾跨段的光中继器也能耦合来自端站的残余喇曼泵浦光,并对掺铒光纤起到激 励作用。 因此可以提高光纤通信系统的可靠性。 附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例中的技术方案,下面将对实施例描述中所 需要使用的附图作简要介绍, 显而易见地, 下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的 一些实施例,对于本领域的普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动性的前提 下, 还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图 1A为本发明实施例光纤通信系统结构示意图;
图 1B为本发明实施例光纤通信系统结构示意图;
图 2为本发明实施例光中继器结构示意图;
图 3为本发明实施例光中继器结构示意图;
图 4为本发明实施例光中继器结构示意图;
图 5为本发明实施例光中继器结构示意图;
图 6 A为本发明实施例第一泵浦光处理组件结构示意图;
图 6B为本发明实施例第一泵浦光处理组件结构示意图;
图 6C为本发明实施例第一泵浦光处理组件结构示意图;
图 6D为本发明实施例第一泵浦光处理组件结构示意图;
图 7为本发明实施例光中继器结构示意图;
图 8为本发明实施例第二泵浦光处理组件结构示意图;
图 9为本发明实施例光中继器结构示意图;
图 10为本发明实施例光中继器结构示意图;
图 11A为本发明实施例光中继器结构示意图;
图 11B为本发明实施例增益、 噪声系数语线对比示意图;
图 11C为本发明实施例增益、 噪声系数语线对比示意图; 图 11D为本发明实施例光中继器全部泵浦失效对 0SNR的影响示意图; 图 12为本发明实施例光中继器结构示意图;
图 13为本发明实施例光中继器结构示意图。 具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚, 下面将结合附图对本发 明作进一步地详细描述, 显然, 所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部份实施例, 而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例, 本领域普通技术人员在没有做 出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例, 都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明实施例中的海缆光纤通信系统, 如图 1 A和图 1B所示, 其中图 1 A 为光中继器全部正常时的示意图, 图 1B为出现光中继器故障的示意图 (斜线 填充的为故障的中继器); 在两个海缆端站(端站 A和端站 B )之间通过若干 个光中继器和海缆连接起来, 并且至少提供一对传输方向相反的光纤传输链 路。 其中光中继器提供反向喇曼放大泵浦光, 并耦合到传输光纤, 利用喇曼效 应对传输光纤中的光信号进行放大; 同时在中继器内部提供一个集中式放大 器, 集中式放大器釆用掺铒光纤放大器技术; 此外集中式光放大器还提供一个 喇曼泵浦光鶫合通道,用于把来自下游或上游中继器的残余喇曼泵浦光鶫合到 掺铒光纤中去。 当系统中其中一个光中继器(图 1B中斜线填充的为故障的中 继器)故障导致某个纤对所有泵浦都无光输出时, 由于上游或下游残余的喇曼 泵浦光仍然能够对掺铒光纤起到激励作用,使得信号光不至于被严重吸收, 甚 至有小幅增益, 系统业务仍然能够维持不会中断。端站也可以提供反向喇曼泵 浦光, 使得首尾跨段的光中继器也能耦合来自端站的残余喇曼泵浦光。
以下实施例将就光中继器的内部结构进行详细说明,本发明实施例的海缆 光纤通信系统中的每一个光中继器可以釆用以下实施例中的任意一种具体结 构。
光缆中的光中继器通常包含有至少两根光纤对应两条信号光路,这两条信 号光路中, 光信号传播方向是相反的, 以图 1为例, 端站 A发送端站 B的信 号光经过一条光路, 端站 B发送端站 A的信号光经过另外一条光路, 这两条 光路是对称的, 因此在后续实施例中对其中一条光路进行说明, 另一光路结构 参考实施, 本发明实施例不予一一赘述。
本发明实施例提供了一种光中继器, 如图 2所示, 包括:
光中继器的第一输入端、 光中继器的第一输出端、 第一掺铒光纤、 第一耦 合器, 第二耦合器以及第一泵浦光处理组件;
所述光中继器的第一输入端连接所述第一掺铒光纤的输入端、所述第一掺 铒光纤的输出端连接所述第一耦合器的输入端,所述第一耦合器的第一输出端 连接所述第二耦合器的第一输入端,所述第二耦合器的输出端连接所述光中继 器的第一输出端;第一泵浦光处理组件的输入端连接所述第二耦合器的第二输 入端; 所述第一泵浦光处理组件的输出端连接所述第一耦合器的第二输出端; 反向泵浦光从第一输出端进入所述光中继器,经第二耦合器的输出端进入 所述第二耦合器, 第二耦合器耦合出进入所述第二耦合器的反向泵浦光, 并经 所述第二耦合器的第二输入端发送至所述第一泵浦光处理组件的输入端;
信号光从所述光中继器的第一输入端进入所述光中继器,依次经过所述第 一掺铒光纤、第一耦合器以及第二耦合器, 最后经所述光中继器的第一输出端 传出所述光中继器;
第一泵浦光处理组件的输出端向所述第一耦合器的第二输出端发送泵浦 光; 所述泵浦光包含所述第一泵浦光处理组件自身产生的本端泵浦光和 /或所 述反向泵浦光; 第一耦合器将所述第一耦合器的第二输出端接收到的泵浦光, 经所述第一耦合器的输入端发往所述第一掺铒光纤的输出端,从所述第一掺铒 光纤的输出端并进入所述第一掺铒光纤。
在本实施例中,所述第一耦合器的第二输出端接收到的泵浦光从所述第一 掺铒光纤的输出端进入所述第一掺铒光纤, 并被所述第一掺铒光纤部分吸收, 从而对经过所述第一掺铒光纤的信号光进行放大,剩余部分泵浦光从所述掺铒 光纤输入端输出, 并至所述光中继器第一输入端输出, 用于对传输光纤激励并 对信号光产生喇曼放大。
在本发明实施例中,如果光中继器本端产生的本端泵浦光全部失效或者其 它故障导致无泵浦光输出情况下,光中继器仍然有来自光中继器外部的反向泵 浦光进入,仍然能够对掺铒光纤起到激励作用,使得信号光不至于被严重吸收, 甚至有小幅增益, 从而使光通信系统的业务仍然能够维持不会中断。 另外, 如 果端站提供有反向喇曼泵浦光,那么首尾跨段的光中继器也能耦合来自端站的 残余喇曼泵浦光, 并对掺铒光纤起到激励作用。
如图 3所示, 在图 2所示的光中继器的基础上, 所述光中继器还包括: 第 三耦合器; 所述第一泵浦光处理组件的输出端包括: 所述第一泵浦光处理组件 的第一输出端和所述第一泵浦光处理组件的第二输出端;
所述第三耦合器的输入端连接所述光中继器的第一输入端,所述第三耦合 器的第一输出端连接所述第一掺铒光纤的输入端; 所述第三耦合器的第二输 出端连接所述第一泵浦光处理组件的第二输出端;所述第一耦合器的第二输出 端连接所述第一泵浦光处理组件的第一输出端;
所述第一泵浦光处理组件的第二输出端向所述第三耦合器的第二输出端 发送泵浦光;所述第三耦合器将所述第三耦合器的第二输出端接收到的泵浦光 从所述第三耦合器的输入端发往所述光中继器的第一输入端;
所述第一泵浦光处理组件的第一输出端向所述第一耦合器的第二输出端 发送泵浦光; 第一耦合器将所述第一耦合器的第二输出端接收到的泵浦光, 经 所述第一耦合器的输入端发往所述第一掺铒光纤的输出端。
如图 4所示, 在图 3所示的光中继器的基础上, 所述光中继器还包括: 第 六耦合器; 所述第一泵浦光处理组件的输出端还包括: 所述第一泵浦光处理组 件的第三输出端;
所述第六耦合器位于所述第三耦合器与所述第一掺铒光纤之间的信号光 的光路中; 所述第三耦合器的第一输出端连接所述第六耦合器的第一输入端, 所述第一泵浦光处理组件的第三输出端连接所述第六耦合器的第二输入端,所 述第六耦合器的输出端连接所述第一掺铒光纤的输入端;
所述第一泵浦光处理组件的第三输出端向所述第六耦合器的第二输入端 发送泵浦光; 第六耦合器将所述第六耦合器的第二输入端接收到的泵浦光, 经 所述第六耦合器的输出端发往所述第一掺铒光纤的输入端。
如图 5所示, 在图 2所示的光中继器的基础上, 所述光中继器还包括: 第 四耦合器、 光隔离器以及第五耦合器;
所述第四耦合器、光隔离器以及第五耦合器依次连接于所述光中继器与所 述第一掺铒光纤之间的信号光的光路中;所述第五耦合器的输入端与所述光中 继器的第一输入端连接,所述第五耦合器的第一输出端与所述光隔离器的输入 端连接, 所述光隔离器的输出端与所述第四耦合器的第一输入端连接, 所述第 五耦合器的第二输出端与所述第四耦合器的第二输入端连接;
进入所述第一掺铒光纤的泵浦光对经所述第一掺铒光纤的信号光进行放 大之后,进入所述第一掺铒光纤的泵浦的残余泵浦光经所述第一掺铒光纤的输 出端发往所述第四耦合器的输出端,第四耦合器将所述第四耦合器的输出端接 收到的残余泵浦光经所述第四耦合器的第二输入端发往所述第五耦合器的第 二输出端,所述第五耦合器将所述第五耦合器的输出端接收到的残余泵浦光经 所述第五耦合器的输入端发往所述光中继器的第一输入端。
在前述实施例中, 第一泵浦光处理组件的输入端显示为一个,作为另一个 可选的方案, 第一泵浦光处理组件可以有其他的输入端,如图 2~4所示的点线 箭头方向输入的反向泵浦光;该反向泵浦光是与信号光的传播方向相反的泵浦 光,其来源可以是图 2~4所示的信号光路一侧,也可以是与该光路相对的另一 侧,或者两者的结合; 因此图 2~4所示的点线箭头方向输入的反向泵浦光并不 是必须的, 不应理解为本发明实施例的光中继器的必要组成部分。 可选地, 所 述第一泵浦光处理组件的输入端包括:所述第一泵浦光处理组件的第一输入端 和所述第一泵浦光处理组件的第二输入端;
所述第一泵浦光处理组件的第一输入端为所述第一泵浦光处理组件与所 述第二耦合器的第二输入端连接的端口;所述第一泵浦光处理组件的第二输入 端接收来自与所述信号光相对一侧信号光的光路的反向泵浦光。
在以上实施例中,对第一泵浦光处理组件的功能以及泵浦光在第一泵浦光 处理组件的传播进行了限定,只要能够实现上述功能的第一泵浦光处理组件的 结构都是可以的, 本发明实施例不作唯一性限定。 另需说明的是, 在本发明实 一泵浦光处理组件和第二泵浦光处理组件)
Figure imgf000015_0001
(一), 如图 6A所示, 该第一泵浦光处理组件的结构可以应用于图 2或 者图 5所示的光中继器, 具体如下:
若所述第一泵浦光处理组件的输入端包括:所述第一泵浦光处理组件的第 一输入端和所述第一泵浦光处理组件的第二输入端;所述第一泵浦光处理组件 的第一输入端为所述第一泵浦光处理组件与所述第二耦合器的第二输入端连 接的端口;所述第一泵浦光处理组件的第二输入端接收来自与所述信号光相对 一侧信号光的光路的反向泵浦光;
所述第一泵浦光处理组件包括: 第一泵浦源, 第一偏振合束器、 第十耦合 器、 第十一耦合器; 所述第一泵浦源可以包含 2N个泵浦激光器, N > 1 ; —个 偏振合束器通常包含两个输入端;
第一泵浦源的输出端连接所述第一偏振合束器的输入端、第一偏振合束器 的输出端连接所述第十耦合器的第一输入端,所述第十耦合器的第一输出端作 为所述第一泵浦光处理组件的输出端;
第十一耦合器的第一输入端作为所述第一泵浦光处理组件的第一输入端, 所述第十一耦合器的第二输入端作为所述第一泵浦光处理组件的第二输入端, 所述第十一耦合器的第一输出端与所述第十耦合器的第二输入端连接; 振合束器的输入端,所述第一偏振合束器将所述第一偏振合束器的输入端进入 的本端泵浦光经所述第一偏振合束器的输出端,发往所述第十耦合器的第一输 入端;所述第十一耦合器将从所述第十一耦合器的第一输入端进入的反向泵浦 光以及从所述第十一耦合器的第二输入端进入的反向泵浦光鶫合,并将耦合得 到的部分反向泵浦光在所述第十一耦合器的第一输出端发往所述第十耦合器 的第二输入端;所述第十耦合器将从所述第十耦合器的第一输入端进入的本端 泵浦光以及从所述第十耦合器的第二输入端进入的反向泵浦光进行鶫合,并将 耦合得到的部分泵浦光从所述第十耦合器的第一输出端输出。
另外, 在图 6A中, 第十耦合器的第二输出端输出的泵浦光发送至与图 2 或者图 5所示的信号光路的对称的光路中。
在本发明实施例中,偏振合束器用于将两束相互垂直的线偏振光鶫合到同 一端口输出。 在喇曼放大器中, 喇曼增益具有泵浦光偏振方向的依赖性, 使用 偏振合束器( Polarization Beam Combiner, PBC )将两束偏振方向互相垂直的 线偏振泵浦光合波, 然后作为喇曼泵浦光降低了偏振度,使得喇曼放大器的偏 振相关增益得到有效降低。 在本发明实施例中, 使用 PBC将两束偏振方向互 相垂直的线偏振泵浦光合波, 然后作为喇曼泵浦光降低了偏振度,使得喇曼放 大器的偏振相关增益得到有效降低。
(二)、 如图 6B和图 6C所示, 该第一泵浦光处理组件的结构可以应用于 图 3或图 4所示的光中继器, 具体如下:
图 6B和图 6C所示结构的共同部分如下: 所述第一泵浦光处理组件包括: 第二泵浦源、 第三泵浦源、 第十二耦合器、 第十三耦合器;
所述第二泵浦源的输出端与所述第十二耦合器的输入端连接,所述第十二 耦合器的第一输出端作为所述第一泵浦光处理组件的第二输出端;所述第三泵 浦源的输出端与所述第十三耦合器的输入端连接,所述第十三耦合器的第一输 出端作为所述第一泵浦光处理组件的第三输出端;
第二泵浦源产生第一本端泵浦光,并经所述第二泵浦源的输出端将所述第 一本端泵浦光发送至所述第十二耦合器的输入端,所述第十二耦合器将所述第 十二耦合器的输入端进入的第一本端泵浦光进行鶫合,并将耦合得到的部分第 一本端泵浦光在所述第十二耦合器的第一输出端输出;
第三泵浦源产生第二本端泵浦光,并经所述第三泵浦源的输出端将所述第 二本端泵浦光发送至所述第十三耦合器的输入端,所述第十三耦合器将所述第 十三耦合器的输入端进入的第二本端泵浦光进行鶫合,并将耦合得到的部分第 二本端泵浦光在所述第十三耦合器的第一输出端输出;
其中图 6B所示与图 6C不同的结构如下: 来自第二耦合器的第二输出端 的反向泵浦光从所述第一泵浦光处理组件的输入端进入,并直接从所述第一泵 浦光处理组件的第一输出端输出至所述第一耦合器的第二输出端;
其中图 6C所示与图 6B不同的结构如下: 若所述第一泵浦光处理组件的 输入端包括:所述第一泵浦光处理组件的第一输入端和所述第一泵浦光处理组 件的第二输入端;所述第一泵浦光处理组件的第一输入端为所述第一泵浦光处 理组件与所述第二耦合器的第二输入端连接的端口;所述第一泵浦光处理组件 的第二输入端接收来自与所述信号光相对一侧信号光的光路的反向泵浦光,所 述来自与所述信号光相对一侧信号光的光路的反向泵浦光直接从所述第一泵 浦光处理组件的第一输出端输出至所述第一耦合器的第二输出端。
另外, 在图 6B和图 6C中第十二耦合器的第二输出端输出的本端泵浦光 发送至与图 2或者图 5所示的信号光路的对称的光路中;第十三耦合器的第二 输出端输出的本端泵浦光发送至与图 2或者图 5所示的信号光路的对称的光路 中。 以上第十二耦合器的第二输出端以及第十三耦合器的第二输出端, 与本实 施例中第十二耦合器的第一输出端以及第十三耦合器的第一输出端是对称的。
在图 6C中, 从第一泵浦光处理组件的第一输入端进入的反向泵浦光, 与 ^ ^ ' '、
(三)、 如图 6D所示, 该第一泵浦光处理组件的结构可以应用于图 3或 图 4所示的光中继器, 具体如下:
若所述第一泵浦光处理组件的输入端包括:所述第一泵浦光处理组件的第 一输入端和所述第一泵浦光处理组件的第二输入端;所述第一泵浦光处理组件 还包括: 第十四耦合器;
所述第十四耦合器的第一输入端与作为所述第一泵浦光处理组件的第一 输入端,所述第十四耦合器的第二输入端与作为所述第一泵浦光处理组件的第 二输入端,所述第十四耦合器的第一输出端作为所述第一泵浦光处理组件的第 一输出端;
所述第十四耦合器将进入所述第十四耦合器的第一输入端的来自所述第 二耦合器的反向泵浦光,以及进入所述第十四耦合器的第二输入端的来自与所 述信号光相对一侧信号光的光路的反向泵浦光进行鶫合,并将耦合得到的部分 反向泵浦光从所述第十四耦合器的第一输出端发往所述第一耦合器的第二输 出端。
另外, 在图 6D中, 第十二耦合器的第二输出端输出的本端泵浦光发送至 与图 4所示的信号光路的对称的光路中;第十三耦合器的第二输出端输出的本 端泵浦光发送至与图 2或者图 5所示的信号光路的对称的光路中。以上第十二 耦合器的第二输出端以及第十三耦合器的第二输出端,与本实施例中第十二耦 合器的第一输出端以及第十三耦合器的第一输出端是对称的。
理论上图 2〜图 5中所有的耦合器(除第六耦合器外)都可以使用环形器 代替, 另外, 图 2~6D的光路中还可以包含光隔离器来保证光路的单向性, 对 此本发明实施例不作严格限制; 其中,有两处可以优选使用环形器替代光隔离 器的部分, 具体如下:
可选地, 所述第二耦合器为第一环形器; 所述第一环形器为: 按照第一端 口、 第二端口以及第三端口顺序连接的环形器;
所述第一环形器的第一端口为所述第二耦合器的第一输入端,所述第一环 形器的第二端口为所述第二耦合器的输出端,所述第一环形器的第三端口为所 述第二耦合器的第二输入端。
可选地, 所述第三耦合器为第二环形器; 所述第二环形器为: 按照第一端 口、 第二端口以及第三端口顺序连接的环形器;
所述第二环形器的第一端口为所述第三耦合器的第二输出端,所述第二环 形器的第二端口为所述第三耦合器的输入端,所述第二环形器的第三端口为所 述第三耦合器的第一输出端。
优选地,在图 2~4所示的光中继器中, 所述信号光的光路中还串接有增益 平坦滤波器。
本发明实施例还提供了另一种光中继器, 如图 7所示, 包括:
光中继器的第一输入端、 光中继器的第一输出端、 第二掺铒光纤、 第七耦 合器、 第八鶫合器, 第九鶫合器以及第二泵浦光处理组件;
所述光中继器的第一输入端连接所述第九鶫合器的输入端,第九鶫合器的 第一输出端连接所述第七耦合器的第一输入端,第七耦合器的输出端连接所述 第二掺铒光纤, 所述第二掺铒光纤的输出端连接所述第八耦合器的第一输入 端, 第八鶫合器的输出端连接所述光中继器的输出端; 所述第二泵浦光处理组 件的输入端连接所述第八鶫合器的第二输入端;所述第二泵浦光处理组件的第 一输出端连接所述第九鶫合器的第二输出端,所述第二泵浦光处理组件的第二 输出端连接所述第七耦合器的第二输入端;
反向泵浦光从第一输出端进入所述光中继器,经第八鶫合器的输出端进入 所述第八鶫合器, 第八鶫合器耦合出进入所述第八鶫合器的反向泵浦光, 并经 所述第八鶫合器的第二输入端发送至所述第二泵浦光处理组件的输入端; 信号光从所述光中继器的第一输入端进入所述光中继器,依次经过所述第 九鶫合器、 第七耦合器、 第二掺铒光纤以及第八鶫合器, 最后经所述光中继器 的第一输出端传出所述光中继器; 第二泵浦光处理组件的第一输出端向所述第九耦合器的第二输出端发送 泵浦光;第二泵浦光处理组件的第二输出端向所述第七耦合器的第二输入端发 送泵浦光;所述泵浦光包含所述第一泵浦光处理组件自身产生的本端泵浦光和 /或所述反向泵浦光; 进入所述第九耦合器的第二输出端的泵浦光经所述第九 耦合器的输入端,从所述光中继器的第一输入端传出所述光中继器; 进入所述 第七耦合器的第二输入端的泵浦光被所述第七耦合器耦合,并在所述第七耦合 器的输出端发往所述第二掺铒光纤的输入端。
在本实施例中,所述第二掺铒光纤的输入端接收到的泵浦光进入所述第二 掺铒光纤的, 并被所述第二掺铒光纤部分吸收,从而对经过所述第二掺铒光纤 的信号光进行放大。
在本发明实施例中,如果光中继器本端产生的本端泵浦光全部失效或者其 它故障导致无泵浦光输出情况下,光中继器仍然有来自光中继器外部的反向泵 浦光进入,仍然能够对掺铒光纤起到激励作用,使得信号光不至于被严重吸收, 甚至有小幅增益, 从而使光通信系统的业务仍然能够维持不会中断。 另外, 如 果端站提供有反向喇曼泵浦光,那么首尾跨段的光中继器也能耦合来自端站的 残余喇曼泵浦光, 并对掺铒光纤起到激励作用。
在前述实施例中, 第一泵浦光处理组件的输入端显示为一个,作为另一个 可选的方案, 第一泵浦光处理组件可以有其他的输入端,如图 7所示的点线箭 头方向输入的反向泵浦光; 反向泵浦光是与信号光的传播方向相反的泵浦光, 其来源可以是图 7所示的信号光路一侧,也可以是与该光路相对的另一侧, 或 者两者的结合; 因此图 7 所示的点线箭头方向输入的反向泵浦光并不是必须 的, 不应理解为本发明实施例的光中继器的必要组成部分。 可选地, 所述第二 泵浦光处理组件的输入端包括:所述第二泵浦光处理组件的第一输入端和所述 第二泵浦光处理组件的第二输入端;
所述第二泵浦光处理组件的第一输入端为所述第二泵浦光处理组件与所 述第八鶫合器的第二输入端连接的端口;所述第二泵浦光处理组件的第二输入 端是接收来自与所述信号光相对一侧信号光的光路的反向泵浦光。
在以上实施例中,对第一泵浦光处理组件的功能以及泵浦光在第一泵浦光 处理组件的传播进行了限定,只要能够实现上述功能的第一泵浦光处理组件的 结构都是可以的, 本发明实施例不作唯一性限定。 以下实施例将就其中的几种 优选结构举例进行举例说明:
(四), 如图 8所示, 该第一泵浦光处理组件的结构可以应用于图 7所示 的光中继器, 具体如下:
所述第二泵浦光处理组件包括: 第四泵浦源、 第二偏振合束器、 第十五耦 合器、 第十六耦合器、 以及第十七耦合器; 所述第二泵浦源可以包含 2N个泵 浦激光器, N > 1; —个偏振合束器通常包含两个输入端;
所述第四泵浦源的输出端与所述第二偏振合束器的输入端连接,所述第二 偏振合束器的输出端与所述第十五耦合器的输入端连接,所述第十五耦合器的 第一输出端与所述第十六耦合器的第一输入端连接,所述第十六耦合器的第一 输出端作为所述第二泵浦光处理组件的第一输出端,所述第十六耦合器的第二 输出端作为所述第二泵浦光处理组件的第二输出端;所述第十七耦合器的第一 输入端作为所述第二泵浦光处理组件的第一输入端,所述第十七耦合器的第二 输入端作为所述第二泵浦光处理组件的第二输入端;所述第十七耦合器的第一 输出端与所述是十六耦合器的第二输入端连接;
第四泵浦源产生本端泵浦光,并经所述第二泵浦源的输出端将所述本端泵 浦光发送至所述第二偏振合束器的输入端,经所述第二偏振合束器的输出端发 往所述第十五耦合器的输入端,所述第十五耦合器对进入所述第十五耦合器的 本端泵浦光进行鶫合,并将耦合得到的部分本段泵浦光发送所述第十六耦合器 的第一输入端;所述第十七耦合器将进入所述第十七耦合器的第一输入端的来 自所述第八鶫合器的反向泵浦光,以及进入所述第十七耦合器的第二输入端的 来自与所述信号光相对一侧信号光的光路的反向泵浦光进行鶫合,并将耦合得 到的部分反向泵浦光经所述第十七耦合器的第一输出端发往所述第十六耦合 器的第二输入端;所述第十六耦合器将进入所述第十六耦合器的第二输入端的 反向泵浦光, 以及进入所述第十六耦合器的第一输入端的本端泵浦光进行鶫 合,并将耦合得到的一部分泵浦光经所述第十六耦合器的第一输出端发往所述 第九鶫合器,将耦合得到的另一部分泵浦光经所述第十六耦合器的第二输出端 发往所述第七耦合器。
另外, 在图 8中, 第十五耦合器的第二输出端可以输出本端泵浦光, 第十 七耦合器的第二输出端可以输出反向泵浦光,这两路泵浦光可以经另一耦合器 耦合,釆用与第十六耦合器对称的结构对与图 7所示信号光的光路对称的光路 实现泵浦光的输入。
在图 6A〜图 6D以及图 8中, 泵浦光处理组件中, 泵浦源 (包括第一泵浦 源、 第二泵浦源、 第三泵浦源、 第四泵浦源)产生的泵浦光的波长可以根据需 要进行设定, 为了覆盖更多的放大带宽, 还可以增加更多的泵浦源, 对此本发 明实施例不予唯一性限定。
理论上图 7~8中所有的耦合器都可以使用环形器代替,另外, 图 7~8的光 路中还可以包含光隔离器来保证光路的单向性,对此本发明实施例不作严格限 制; 其中, 有两处可以优选使用环形器替代光隔离器的部分, 具体如下: 可选地, 所述第八鶫合器为第三环形器; 所述第三环形器为: 按照第一端 口、 第二端口以及第三端口顺序连接的环形器;
所述第三环形器的第一端口为所述第八鶫合器的第一输入端,所述第三环 形器的第二端口为所述第二耦合器的输出端,所述第三环形器的第三端口为所 述第二耦合器的第二输入端。
可选地, 所述第九耦合器为第四环形器; 所述第四环形器为: 按照第一端 口、 第二端口以及第三端口顺序连接的环形器;
所述第四环形器的第一端口为所述第九鶫合器的第二输出端,所述第四环 形器的第二端口为所述第九耦合器的输入端,所述第四环形器的第三端口为所 述第九耦合器的第一输出端。
优选地,在图 2~4所示的光中继器中, 所述信号光的光路中还串接有增益 平坦滤波器。 喇曼泵浦光使用, 一种是发送给 EDF作为 EDF泵浦光使用; 在本发明实施例 在介绍光的传播方向过程中, 不对其进行功能性区分。 本发明实施例提供了一种光中继器结构,如图 9所示, 本实施例结构可以 与前述实施例中的图 4以及图 6B的组合对应。
光中继器包含: 波分复用器( Wavelength Division Multiplexer, WDM )、 EDF、 耦合器 (Coupler ), 光隔离器 (Isolator ), 14XX nm 泵浦 (pump )和 980 nm pum 的泵浦源; 在图 9中, 有两个输入端(输入端 1和输入端 2,)两 个输出端(输出端 1和输出端 2 )分别对应相反方向的一对光路, 两者是对称 的, 在本实施例中对其中一个光路进行说明, 另一光路不再赘述。
在图 9 中, WDM1~WDM8 中 WDM1~WDM4 属于上面一路光路,
EDF1-EDF2中 EDF1属于上面一路光路, Isolator 1和 Isolator 2中, Isolator 1 属于上面一路光路, 14XX nm pum 和 980 nm pump的泵浦源是两路光路共用 的, 在上面一路光路中, 各器件的连接关系如下:
WDM1的输入端连接输入端 1, WDM1的输出端 1连接 WDM2的输入端 1, WDM1的输出端连接 WDM2的输入端 1, WDM2的输出端连接 EDF1的 输入端, EDF1的输出端连接 WDM3的输入端, WDM3的输出端 1连接 Isolator 1的输入端, Isolator 1的输出端连接 WNM4的输入端 1, WNM4的输出端连 接输出端 1 ;
WDM4的输入端 2连接 WDM3的输出端 2;
14XX nm的泵浦源 1和 14XX nm的泵浦源 2分别连接鶫合器 1的输入端
1和输入端 2, 耦合器 1的输出端 1连接 WDM1的输出端 2; 980 nm的泵浦 源 1和 980 nm的泵浦源 2分别连接鶫合器 2的输入端 1和输入端 2,耦合器 2 的输出端 1连接 WDM2的输入端 2。
以下对光的传播方向进行详细说明:
在图 9中, 实线箭头方向为信号光传播方向,虚线箭头方向为反向泵浦光 传播方向, 点线箭头方向为正向泵浦光传播方向。 所谓反向泵浦光是与信号光 传播方向相反的泵浦光, 正向泵浦光是与信号光传播方向相同的泵浦光。
泵浦光的传播方向如下:
14XX nm的泵浦源 1和 14XX nm的泵浦源 2分别产生 14XX nm的泵浦 光, 并分别进入鶫合器 1的输入端 1和输入端 2, 耦合器 1对输入的泵浦光 进行鶫合, 并在耦合器 1的输出端 1和输出端 2输出, 其中在耦合器 1的输 出端 1输出的泵浦光进入 WDM1的输出端 2;从 WDM1的输出端 2进入的泵 浦光穿过所述 WDM1从所述 WDM1的输入端传出;这一路泵浦光通过对传输 光纤激励,使得信号光在受激喇曼效散射应作用下被放大, 并沿输入端 1的方 向传入海缆光纤通信系统上一个光中继器。
980 nm的泵浦源 1和 980 nm的泵浦源 2分别产生 980 nm的泵浦光, 并 分别进入鶫合器 2的输入端 1和输入端 2; 耦合器 2对输入的泵浦光进行禺 合, 并在耦合器 2的输出端 1和输出端 2输出, 其中在耦合器 2的输出端 1 输出的泵浦光进入 WDM2的输入端 2。
信号光的传播方向如下: 信号光从输入端 1进入光中继器, 进入 WDM1 的输入端,并穿过 WDM 1经 WDM 1的输出端 1进入 WDM2的输入端 1; WDM2 将 WDM2 的输入端 1输入的信号光和 WDM2 的输入端 2输入的泵浦光从 WDM2的输出端输出到 EDF1的输入端,进入 EDF1的泵浦光对进入 EDF1的 信号光进行放大, 并从 EDF1 的输出端输出到 WDM3 的输入端, WDM3将 WDM3的输入端输入的光信号从 WDM3的输出端 1输出给 Isolator 1的输入 端, Isolator 1放行从 Isolator 1的输入端输入的信号光并从 Isolator 1的输出端 输出给 WDM4的输入端 1, WDM4将进入 WDM4的输入端 1 的信号光从 WDM4的输出端输出到输出端 1 ;
在图 9中,从输出端 1进入的反向的泵浦光是来自于海缆光纤通信系统的 下一个光中继器; 该路反向泵浦光的传播方向如下:
来自于海缆光纤通信系统的下一个光中继器的反向泵浦光经输出端 1 进
端 2, WDM3将从 WDM3的输出端 2进入的反向泵浦光从 WDM3的输入端 的输出端进入的反向泵浦光对经所述 EDF1的信号光进行放大。
以上实施例中, 14XXnm波段的泵浦光, 波长在 1400~1500nm之间可选, 优选 1450~1460nm。 以上实施例, 14XXnm波段的泵浦光反向耦合到传输光纤 中, 对传输光纤进行激励, 并利用受激喇曼散射效应对信号光进行放大; 此外 还使用了 980nm波段泵浦光(也可以是 14XX泵浦光)耦合到中继器内部的 掺铒光纤对其中的铒离子产生激励, 利用受激辐射原理对信号光进行放大。 上 述 Isolator 1是信号波段单向性器件, 用于隔离信号光波段反向噪声光。 以上 实施例的结构中, 还提供了反向残留泵浦光鶫合通道(在图 9中釆用的是, 在 单向性器件前后用 WDM4连接一个旁路通道实现),用于将下游或上游中继器 输出的残余喇曼泵浦光耦合输入到掺铒光纤中。
图 10所示的结构可以与前述实施例中的图 4以及图 6C的组合对应。 区 别点在于, 图 10与图 9所示的结构基本一致, 来自于海缆光纤通信系统的下 一个光中继器的反向泵浦光的路径有所不同,路径的不同是因为如何提供反向 残留泵浦光鶫合通道, 不同造成的。 在图 10中, WDM4的输入端 2连接的是 WDM7的输出端 2, WDM8的输入端 2连接的是 WDM3的输出端 2; 也即是 说 EDF的反向泵浦光是来自于相对一侧的光路; 仍然以上面一路进入的反向 泵浦光的光路为例:
结构的变化如下:
从输出端 1进入的反向泵浦光经 WDM4的输出端进入 WDM4, WDM4 将进入 WDM4的反向泵浦光分离出来并发送给相对一侧的 WDM8的输出端 2, 进入 WDM7的输出端 2, WDM7将进入 WDM7的输出端 2的反向泵浦光 从 WDM7的输入端发往 EDF2的输出端, 从 EDF2的输出端进入的反向泵浦 光对经 EDF2的信号光进行放大。
光路的变化如下:
经输出端 1进入 WDM4的输出端, WDM4将从 WDM4的输出端进入的 反向泵浦光从 WDM4的输入端 2传出,从 WDM4的输入端 2传出的反向泵浦 光进入 WDM3的输出端 2, WDM3将从 WDM3的输出端 2进入的反向泵浦 光从 WDM3的输入端传出, 从 WDM3的输入端传出的反向泵浦光进入所述 EDF1的输出端; 从 EDF1的输出端进入的反向泵浦光对经所述 EDF1的信号 光进行放大。 本发明实施例提供了另一种光中继器结构, 如图 11A所示, 本实施例结 构可以与前述实施例中的图 4以及图 6D的组合对应。包括: WDM、 GFF( Gain Flatness Filter, 增益平坦滤波器)、 Isolator, EDF、 耦合器以及偏振合束器 ( Polarization Beam Combiner, PBC )。 在图 11A中, 有两个输入端(输入端 1 和输入端 2, )两个输出端(输出端 1和输出端 2 )分别对应相反方向的一对光 路, 两者是对称的, 在本实施例中对其中一个光路进行说明, 另一光路不再赘 述。
在图 11A中, WDM1 WDM8中 WDM1、 WDM3、 WDM5、 WDM7属 于上面一路光路, GFF1和 GFF2中, GFF1属于上面一路光路, EDF1-EDF2 中 EDF1属于上面一路光路, Isolator 1 -Isolator 4中, Isolator 1和 Isolator2属 于上面一路光路, 1455 nm 泵浦 (pump )和 980 nm pum 的泵浦源是两路光 路共用的, 耦合器 1〜耦合器 3以及 PBC均是两路光路共用的, 在上面一路光 路中, 各器件的连接关系如下:
WDM1的输入端连接输入端 1, WDM1的输出端 1连接 GFF1的输入端, GFF1的输出端连接 Isolator 1的输入端, Isolator 1的输出端连接 WDM3的输 入端 1, WDM3的输出端连接 EDF1 的输入端, EDF1 的输出端连接 WDM5 的输入端, WDM5的输出端 1连接 Isolator 2的输入端, Isolator 2的输出端连 接 WDM7的输入端 1, WDM7的输出端连接输出端 1;
1455 nm的泵浦源 1和 1455 nm的泵浦源 2分别连接 PBC的输入端 1和 输入端 2, PBC的输出端连接鶫合器 1的输入端 1, 耦合器 1的输出端 1连 接 WDM1的输出端 2, 耦合器 1的输出端 2连接 WDM2的输出端 2;
980 nm的泵浦源 1和 980 nm的泵浦源 2分别连接耦合器 2的输入端 1 和输入端 2, 耦合器 2的输出端 1连接 WDM2的输入端 2, 耦合器 2的输出 端 2连接 WDM4的输入端 2。
以下对光的传播方向进行详细说明:
图 11A所示的结构中, 包含上下两条光路, 其中 Isolator所示的方向为信 号光的传播方向, 在图 11A 中不再单独使用箭头标识。 虚线箭头方向为反向 泵浦光传播方向, 点线箭头方向为正向泵浦光传播方向。 所谓反向泵浦光是与 信号光传播方向相反的泵浦光, 正向泵浦光是与信号光传播方向相同的泵浦 光。
泵浦光的传播方向如下:
1455 nm的泵浦源 1和 1455 nm的泵浦源 2分别产生 1455 nm的泵浦光, 并分别进入 PBC的输入端 1和输入端 2, PBC将进入 PBC的输入端 1和输入 端 2的耦合的泵浦光耦合并在 PBC的输出端输出到耦合器 1的输入端, 耦合 器 1将耦合器 1的泵浦光分为两路, 其中一路发送到 WDM1的输出端 2, 另 一路发送到 WDM2的输出端 2;从 WDM1的输出端 2进入的泵浦光穿过所述 WDM1从所述 WDM1的输入端传出; 这一路泵浦光将沿输入端 1的方向传入 海缆光纤通信系统上一个光中继器; 从 WDM2的输出端 2进入的泵浦光穿过 所述 WDM2从所述 WDM2的输入端传出;这一路泵浦光将沿输入端 2的方向 传入海缆光纤通信系统下一个光中继器;
980 nm的泵浦源 1和 980 nm的泵浦源 2分别产生 980 nm的泵浦光, 并 分别进入鶫合器 2的输入端 1和输入端 2; 耦合器 2对输入的泵浦光进行禺 合, 并在耦合器 2的输出端 1和输出端 2输出, 其中在耦合器 2的输出端 1 输出的泵浦光进入 WDM3的输入端 2, 在耦合器 2的输出端 2输出的泵浦光 进入 WDM4的输入端 2。
信号光的传播方向如下: 信号光从输入端 1进入光中继器, 进入 WDM1 的输入端, 并穿过 WDM1经 WDM1的输出端 1进入 GFF1的输入端, 并穿过 GFF1经 GFF1的输出端进入 Isolator 1的输入端, Isolator 1放行从 Isolator 1 的输入端输入的信号光并从 Isolator 1 的输出端输出给 WDM3 的输入端 1 ; WDM3将 WDM3的输入端 1输入的信号光和 WDM3的输入端 2输入的泵浦 光从 WDM3的输出端输出到 EDF1的输入端,进入 EDF1的泵浦光对进入 EDF1 的信号光进行放大, 并从 EDF1的输出端输出到 WDM5的输入端, WDM5将 WDM5的输入端输入的光信号从 WDM5的输出端 1输出给 Isolator 2的输入 端, Isolator 2放行从 Isolator 2的输入端输入的信号光并从 Isolator 2的输出端 输出给 WDM7 的输入端 1, WDM7将进入 WDM7 的输入端 1 的信号光从 WDM7的输出端输出到输出端 1 ;
在图 11A中, 从输出端 1和输出端 2进入的反向的泵浦光分别来自于海 缆光纤通信系统的下一个光中继器和上一个中继器;反向泵浦光的传播方向如 下:
来自于海缆光纤通信系统的下一个光中继器的反向泵浦光经输出端 1 进 的输入端 2传出, 从 WDM7的输入端 2传出的反向泵浦光进入鶫合器 3的输 入端 1 ;
来自于海缆光纤通信系统的上一个光中继器的反向泵浦光经输出端 1 进 的输入端 2传出, 从 WDM8的输入端 2传出的反向泵浦光进入鶫合器 3的输 入端 1 ;
耦合器 3将进入鶫合器 3的输入端 1以及进入鶫合器 3的输入端 2的反向 泵浦光耦合并分为两路, 一路从鶫合器 3的输出端 1传出并发往 WDM5的输 出端 2, 另一路从鶫合器 3的输出端 2传出并发送 WDM6的输出端 2; 端传出, 从 WDM5的输入端传出的反向泵浦光进入所述 EDF1的输出端; 从 EDF1的输出端进入的反向泵浦光对经所述 EDF1的信号光进行放大。
以上实施例, 泵浦光的波长选择 1455nm泵浦, 使得 1550nm波段信号光 获得最高喇曼增益,有利于降低光中继器噪声系数; 同时该波长亦处在掺铒光 纤的受激吸收带宽范围内, 残余泵浦光可以起到激励铒离子的作用。
另外, 在图 11A所示的结构中耦合器可以均使用 3dB耦合器; 1455nm的 两个喇曼泵浦通过 PBC合波, 然后再通过 3dB耦合器分光, 通过 WDM器件 耦合到信号光的光路中。 1455nm泵浦通过 PBC合波使得泵浦光具有较低的偏 振度,有利于降低偏振相关增益。在 EDFA的输入侧使用一个光隔离器( Isolator 1 )用于隔离 EDF中产生的反向自发辐射。 进一步的还可以使用一个增益平坦 滤波器 (GFF )对增益谱进行均衡。
以上实施例, 通过 WDM器 (WDM7\WDM8 )件从正、 反向传输光纤耦 合出来的残余泵浦光通过一个 2*2耦合器(耦合器 3 )混合以后再耦合到掺铒 光纤中, 实现残余泵浦光的冗余, 即只有正向或反向残余泵浦光时两个 EDFA 的掺铒光纤都可以受到残余泵浦光激励。
以上实施例中, 业务信号光从 Inputl (输入端 1 )输入, 然后依次经过 WDMl , GFF1 , 光隔离器 1和 WDM3进入掺铒光纤 1被放大, 然后再经过 WDM5,光隔离器和 WDM7, 然后从 Outputl (输出端 1 )输出进入下游传输光 纤; 两路 1455nm泵浦光经过 PBC合波, 然后经过 3dB耦合器 1分为两路, 其中一部分通过 WDM1耦合到 Inputl输出端注入到传输光纤中; 两路 980泵 浦经过 3dB耦合器 2混合后分成两路, 其中一路通过 WDM3耦合到掺铒光纤 中被铒离子吸收; 下游光纤中残余的泵浦光从 Outputl 端口输入, 然后被 WDM7耦合分出然后经过 3dB耦合器 3分成两路,其中一路经过 WDM5耦合 到掺铒光纤中被铒离子吸收。
在本实施例中, WDM1、 WDM2还可以通过光环形器替代; GFF1、 GFF2 的位置可以调整到隔离器 2和隔离器 4之后; 980泵浦方向可以调整为反向泵 浦, 残余喇曼泵浦可以调整为前向泵浦; 为了获得更宽的增益带宽, 以及更大 的跨段长度, 还可以增加一对喇曼泵浦激光器, 比如 3dB 耦合器 1更换为 2 x 2 3dB 耦合器, 另一输入端再连接一对 1425nm喇曼泵浦可以使得放大带宽 覆盖到 1530-1565nm。
为更加具体说明本发明实施例方案的有益效果,按照如上实施例一设计了 一个 12dB增益光中继器, 并与 EDFA方案和无残余泵浦耦合的喇曼 /EDFA混 合放大方案一起进行对比, 具体如下表 1所示:
表 1
EDFA 喇曼 /EDFA混合 喇曼 /EDFA 混合 放大 放大
(本发明实 施例)
980nm EDFA 泵浦功率 120mW 120mW 112mW
(注入铒纤)
1455nm 喇曼泵浦功率 NA 250mW 250mW
(注入传输光纤)
上、 下游残余喇曼泵浦 NA NA 7mW
功率(注入铒纤)
铒纤长度 10m 5.7m 5.7m
平均 (等效)增益 12dB 12dB 12dB
平均 (等效)噪声系数 4.46dB 3.97dB 3.97dB
饱和输出功率 14.8dBm 14.8dBm 14.8dBm 设备内全部泵浦不工作 / -14.35dB ( 平 -8.16dB (平均) -0.48dB (平均) 失效时中继器增益 均) -11.02dB (最小) -1.58dB (最小)
-20.45dB ( 最 -4.28dB (最大) 1.19dB (最大) 小)
-6.87dB (最大)
上述 EDFA以及喇曼 /EDFA混合放大方案和本发明实施例方案在不同条 件下的增益、 噪声系数语线见图 11B和图 11C所示。
在图 11B中, 以波长 1540nm为基准, 图 11B中的曲线从上到下依次为: 喇曼 /EDFA混合放大或 EDFA放大(有 /无残余泵浦耦合): 中继器内部所 有泵浦正常;
喇曼 /EDFA混合放大(有残余泵浦耦合 ): 中继器内部所有泵浦失效; 喇曼 /EDFA混合放大(无残余泵浦耦合): 中继器内部所有泵浦失效; EDFA放大: 全部泵浦失效。
在图 11C中, 以波长 1550nm为基准, 图 11C中的曲线从上到下依次为: EDFA放大: 中继器内部所有泵浦失效;
喇曼 /EDFA混合放大(无残余泵浦耦合): 中继器内部所有泵浦失效; 喇曼 /EDFA混合放大(有残余泵浦耦合 ): 中继器内部所有泵浦失效; EDFA放大: 中继器内部所有泵浦正常;
喇曼 /EDFA混合放大(有 /无残余泵浦耦合(有无残余泵浦耦合对 NF影 响很小, 差异可以忽略)): 中继器内部所有泵浦正常。
由此可见本发明实施例方案相对 EDFA方案在噪声系数方面有 0.5dB左右 改善;相对 EDFA放大方案和喇曼 /EDFA混合放大方案,在全部泵浦失效的场 景下有效降低了信号损耗,在长波长区域还可提供少许增益, 并且显著降低了 泵浦失效时的噪声系数。 这都有利于提升光中继器泵浦失效的容忍能力。
基于本发明实施例进一步提供如下海缆传输系统实施例。系统组网图如图
1A和图 1B, 其中光中继器釆用实施例一光中继器方案, 釆用无色散补偿大有 效面积纯硅芯光纤链路, 系统主要配置参数如下表 2所示:
表 2
参数 单位 参数
信号光波数 60
信号光波长范围 nm 1540-1565
信号光波长间隔 GHz 50 跨段长度 km 72 (对应 12dB跨段损耗)
跨段数 100
链路光纤 纯娃芯光纤 ( Pure Si l ica Core Fiber,
PSCF )无色散补偿链路
中继器类型 喇曼 /EDFA 混合放大光中继器, 上
下游残余喇曼泵浦光耦合到 EDFA 铒纤中
中继器饱和输出功率 dBm 14. 8
中继器典型噪声系数 dB 4
传输光纤损耗系 dB/km 典型值 0. 165
传输光纤色散系数 ps/nm氺 km 典型值 20. 5
传输光纤色散斜率 ps/讓2氺 km 典型值 +0. 06
2
传输光纤有效面积 um 典型值 112
0TU类型 100Gbit/s PDM-QPSK
( Polarization-divi sion multiplexing Quadrature Phase Shift Keying , 偏振复用四相相移 键控),相干接收
0TU色散容限 ps/ nm 〉150000
信号光经过传输后 dB 14. 2dB
0SNR容限
经仿真计算评估, 当系统中所有光中继器处于正常状态时, 系统 OSNR 在 18.5-19.3dB OSNR之间 (见图 11D, 为系统中一个光中继器全部泵浦失效 对 OSNR的影响示意图);
在图 11D中, 以波长 1545nm为基准, 图 11D中的曲线从上到下依次为: 喇曼 /EDFA混合放大链路(所有中继器泵浦正常);
EDFA放大链路(所有中继器泵浦正常);
喇曼 /EDFA混合放大链路(其中一个光中继器泵浦全部失效,有上下游残 余泵浦耦合 );
喇曼 /EDFA混合放大链路(其中一个光中继器泵浦全部失效,无上下游残 余泵浦耦合 );
信号光经过系统传输后接收 OSNR容限;
EDFA放大链路(其中一个光中继器泵浦全部失效)。
从图 11D所示图中可以看出, 系统应用本发明光中继器, 当其中一个光 中继器的所有泵浦都不工作时, 系统 OSNR劣化 0.8-0.4dB,短波长劣化略大, 但所有波长 OSNR都还保持在 17.6dB以上, 离信号经过传输后的 OSNR容限 14.2dB仍然有 3.4Db OSNR裕量, 所有业务信号光都可以保持正常传输。
而当光中继器如果没有将上下游残余喇曼泵浦光耦合到掺铒光纤时,
1540nm附近部分业务信号光 OSNR将劣化,并低于信号光经过传输后的 OSNR 容限,会导致业务中断或性能不稳定。如果系统釆用传统的纯 EDFA放大光中 继器而非喇曼 /EDFA混合放大光中继器,一个光中继器中的所有泵浦失效则会 导致绝大部分业务信号 OSNR低于业务信号过系统 OSNR容限及业务中断。
由此可见,本发明实施例将上下游残余喇曼泵浦光耦合到 EDFA显著提升 了系统对光中继器故障的容忍能力,在本实施例场景下, 即使一个光中继器中 所有泵浦失效,仍然可以保证所有业务不中断,相对传统的 EDFA放大以及喇 曼 /EDFA混合放大光中继器有实质性改善。 本发明实施例提供了另一种光中继器结构, 如图 12所示, 本实施例结构 可以与前述实施例中的图 7以及图 8的组合对应。包括:环形器、 WDM、 EDF、 耦合器以及 PBC。 在图 12中, 有两个输入端(输入端 1和输入端 2, )两个输 出端 (输出端 1和输出端 2 )分别对应相反方向的一对光路, 两者是对称的, 在本实施例中对其中一个光路进行说明, 另一光路不再赘述。
在图 12中, 环形器 1~环形器 4中, 环形器 1和环形器 3属于上面一路光 路, WDM1~WDM2中 WDM1属于上面一路光路, EDF1-EDF2中 EDF1属于 上面一路光路, 1455 nm 泵浦 (pump )是两路光路共用的, 耦合器 1〜鶫合器 4 以及 PBC均是两路光路共用的, 在上面一路光路中, 各器件的连接关系如 下: 输入端 1连接环形器 1的接口 2,环形器的接口 3连接 WDM1的输入端 1, WDM1的输出端连接 EDF1的输入端、 EDF1的输出端连接环形器 3的接口 1, 环形器 3的接口 2连接输出端 1 ;
1455 nm的泵浦源 1和 1455 nm的泵浦源 2分别连接 PBC的输入端 1和 输入端 2, PBC的输出端连接鶫合器 1的输入端 1, 耦合器 1的输出端 1连 接鶫合器 2的输入端 1, 耦合器 1的输出端 2连接鶫合器 3的输入端 1 ; 耦合 器 2的输出端 1连接环形器 1的端口 1, 耦合器 2的输出端 2连接 WDM1的 输入端 2; 环形器 3的端口 3连接鶫合器 4的输入端 1, 环形器 1的端口 3连 接鶫合器 4的输入端 2, 耦合器 4的输出端 1连接鶫合器 2的输入端 2, 耦合 器 4的输出端 2连接耦合器 3的输入端 2。
以下对光的传播方向进行详细说明:
图 12所示的结构中, 包含上下两条光路, 其中上面一路光路信号光的传 播方向为从左到右(信号光从输入端 1进入从输出端 1传出), 在图 11A中不 再单独使用箭头标识。虚线箭头方向为反向泵浦光传播方向, 点线箭头方向为 正向泵浦光传播方向。 所谓反向泵浦光是与信号光传播方向相反的泵浦光, 正 向泵浦光是与信号光传播方向相同的泵浦光。
泵浦光的传播方向如下:
1455 nm的泵浦源 1和 1455 nm的泵浦源 2分别产生 1455 nm的泵浦光, 并分别进入 PBC的输入端 1和输入端 2, PBC将进入 PBC的输入端 1和输入 端 2的耦合的泵浦光耦合并在 PBC的输出端输出到耦合器 1的输入端, 耦合 器 1将耦合器 1的泵浦光分为两路, 其中一路发送到耦合器的输入端 1, 另 一路发送到耦合器 3的输入端 1 ;
从环形器 3的端口 2进入的反向泵浦光从环形器 3的端口 3传出,并进入 耦合器 4的输入端 1 ; 从环形器 4的端口 2进入的反向泵浦光从环形器 4的端 口 3传出, 并进入鶫合器 4的输入端 2; 耦合器 4将耦合器 4的输入端 1以及 耦合器 4的输入端 进入的反向泵浦光鶫合并分为两路, 一路发送至耦合器 2 的输入端 2, 另一路发送至耦合器 3的输入端 2;
耦合器 2将进入鶫合器 2的输入端 1的泵浦光以及进入鶫合器 2的输入端 2的反向泵浦光鶫合, 并分为两路, 一路泵浦光在耦合器 2的输出端 1发往环 形器 1的端口 1, 进入环形器 1的端口 1的泵浦光从环形器 1的端口 3发往输 入端 1, 另一路泵浦光在耦合器 2的输出端 2发往 WDM1的输入端 2。
信号光的传播方向如下: 信号光从输入端 1进入光中继器, 进入环形器 1 的端口 2, 并从环形器 1的端口 3传出, 从环形器 1的端口 3传出的信号光进 入 WDM1的输入端 1 ; WDM1将 WDM1的输入端 1进入的信号光以及 WDM1 的输入端 2进入的泵浦光发送到 EDF1的输入端, 进入 EDF1的泵浦光对进入 EDF1的信号光进行放大, 并从 EDF1的输出端输出到环形器 3的端口 1, 从 环形器 3的端口 1进入的信号光从环形器 3的端口 2输出到输出端 1。
在以上实施例中, 一组 1455nm泵浦光, 通过 PBC合波以后, 然后通过 耦合器 1等分为两份, 然后每一份再通过一个耦合器分成两份, 然后再分别通 过环形器和 WDM耦合到传输光纤和掺铒光纤,分别作为喇曼泵浦光和 EDFA 的泵浦光。两个传输方向来自下游光中继器的残余喇曼泵浦光通过另一环形器 耦合输出, 然后通过一个 2*2耦合器混合, 再从鶫合器 2、 3的另一输入端输 入, 分成两路后分别注入铒纤和传输光纤。 在该实施例中耦合器 1和耦合器 4 为等比例耦合器, 即 50/50耦合器, 耦合器 2和耦合器 3为不等比例耦合器, 比如 30/70耦合器。
光信号流向如下: 业务信号光从 Inputl 输入, 然后依次经过环形器 1, WDM1进入掺铒光纤 1被放大, 然后再经过环形器 3, 然后从 Outputl输出进 入下游传输光纤。 两路 1455nm泵浦光经过 PBC合波, 然后经过鶫合器 1分 为两路, 其中一部分再通过鶫合器 2分为两路, 比例较大的一路通过环形器 1 耦合注入到上游传输光纤中, 比例较小的一路通过 WDM1耦合注入掺铒光纤 1; 耦合器 1分出的另一部分泵浦光以相同的方式最终 合到另一条光纤链路 的上游传输光纤和掺铒光纤 2。下游光纤中残余的泵浦光从 Outputl端口输入, 然后被环形器 3耦合分出然后经过鶫合器 4等分成两路,其中一路经过鶫合器 2再分为两路, 比例较小的一路通过环形器 1耦合注入到上游传输光纤中, 比 例较大的一路通过 WDM1耦合注入掺铒光纤 1 ; 另一路以相同的方式最终耦 合到另一条光纤链路的上游传输光纤和掺铒光纤 2。
四、
本发明实施例提供了另一种光中继器结构, 如图 13所示, 本实施例结构 可以与前述实施例中的图 5以及图 6A的组合对应。包括: WDM、 GFF、 Isolator、 EDF、 耦合器以及 PBC。 在图 13中, 有两个输入端 (输入端 1和输入端 2, ) 两个输出端(输出端 1和输出端 2 )分别对应相反方向的一对光路, 两者是对 称的, 在本实施例中对其中一个光路进行说明, 另一光路不再赘述。
在图 13中, WDM1~WDM8中 WDM1、 WDM3、 WDM5、 WDM7属于 上面一路光路, GFF1和 GFF2中, GFF1属于上面一路光路, EDF1-EDF2中 EDF1属于上面一路光路, Isolator 1 -Isolator 4中, Isolator 1和 Isolator3属于 上面一路光路, 1455 nm 泵浦( pump )的泵浦源是两路光路共用的,耦合器 1、 耦合器 2以及 PBC均是两路光路共用的, 在上面一路光路中, 各器件的连接 关系如下:
WDM1的输入端连接输入端 1, WDM1的输出端 1连接 GFF1的输入端, WDM1的输出端 2连接 WDM3的输入端 2; GFF1的输出端连接 Isolator 1的 输入端, Isolator 1的输出端连接 WDM3的输入端 1, WDM3的输出端连接 EDF1 的输入端, EDF1 的输出端连接 WDM5 的输入端, WDM5 的输出端 1 连接 Isolator 3的输入端, WDM5的输出端 2连接鶫合器 1的输出端 1, Isolator 3 的输出端连接 WDM7的输入端 1, WDM7的输出端连接输出端 1;
1455 nm的泵浦源 1和 1455 nm的泵浦源 2分别连接 PBC的输入端 1和 输入端 2, PBC的输出端连接鶫合器 1的输入端 1, 耦合器 1的输出端 1连 接 WDM5的输出端 2, 耦合器 1的输出端 2连接 WDM6的输出端 2;
WDM7的输入端 2连接鶫合器 2的输入端 1, WDM8的输入端 2连接禺 合器 2的输入端 2, 耦合器 2的输出端连接耦合器 1的输入端 2。
以下对光的传播方向进行详细说明:
图 13所示的结构中, 包含上下两条光路,其中 Isolator所示的方向为信号 光的传播方向, 在图 13中不再单独使用箭头标识。 虚线箭头方向为反向泵浦 光传播方向, 实线箭头方向为光中继器内产生的泵浦光传播方向。 所谓反向泵 浦光是与信号光传播方向相反的泵浦光,正向泵浦光是与信号光传播方向相同 的泵浦光。
在图 13中, 从输出端 1和输出端 2进入的反向的泵浦光分别来自于海缆 光纤通信系统的下一个光中继器和上一个中继器; 反向泵浦光的传播方向如 下:
反向泵浦光从输出端 1传入光中继器, 进入 WDM7的输出端, WDM7将 反向泵浦光鶫合出来从 WDM7的输入端 2传出, 发往鶫合器 2的输入端 1 ; 反向泵浦光从输出端 2传入光中继器, 进入 WDM8的输出端, WDM8将反向 泵浦光耦合出来并从 WDM8输入端 2传出, 发往耦合器 2的输入端 2; 耦合 器 2将进入鶫合器 2的输入端 1的反向泵浦光以及进入鶫合器 2的输入端 2 的反向泵浦光耦合,耦合器 2将耦合后的反向泵浦光从鶫合器 2的输出端发往 耦合器 1的输入端 2。
泵浦光的传播方向如下:
1455 nm的泵浦源 1和 1455 nm的泵浦源 2分别产生 1455 nm的泵浦光, 并分别进入 PBC的输入端 1和输入端 2, PBC将进入 PBC的输入端 1和输入 端 2的泵浦光耦合并在 PBC的输出端输出到耦合器 1的输入端;
耦合器 1将进入鶫合器 1的输入端 1的泵浦光以及进入鶫合器 1的输入端 2的反向泵浦光鶫合, 并分为两路泵浦光, 其中一路在耦合器 1的输出端 1发 往 WDM5的输出端 2, 另一路发往 WDM6的输出端 2;
进入 WDM5的输出端 2的泵浦光, 由 WDM5耦合出并经 WDM5的输入 端发往 EDF1的输出端, 进入 EDF1的泵浦光对经 EDF1的信号光进行放大, 残余的泵浦光经 EDF1的输入端发往 WDM3的输出端, WDM3将从 WDM3 的输出端进入的残余泵浦光耦合出,并经 WDM3的输入端 2发往 WDM1的输 出端 2, WDM1将进入 WDM1的输出端 2的残余泵浦光 合并从 WDM1的 输入端发往输入端 1, 这一路泵浦光将沿输入端 1的方向传入海缆光纤通信系 统上一个光中继器。
信号光的传播方向如下: 信号光从输入端 1进入光中继器, 进入 WDM1 的输入端, 并穿过 WDM1经 WDM1的输出端 1进入 GFF1的输入端, 并穿过 GFF1经 GFF1的输出端进入 Isolator 1的输入端, Isolator 1放行从 Isolator 1 的输入端输入的信号光并从 Isolator 1 的输出端输出给 WDM3 的输入端 1 ; WDM3将 WDM3的输入端 1输入的信号光从 WDM3的输出端输出到 EDF1 的输入端, 进入 EDF1的泵浦光对进入 EDF1的信号光进行放大, 并从 EDF1 的输出端输出到 WDM5的输入端, WDM5将 WDM5的输入端输入的光信号 从 WDM5的输出端 1输出给 Isolator 3的输入端, Isolator 3放行从 Isolator 3 的输入端输入的信号光并从 Isolator 3 的输出端输出给 WDM7的输入端 1, WDM7将进入 WDM7的输入端 1的信号光从 WDM7的输出端输出到输出端 1。
值得注意的是, 上述装置只是按照功能逻辑进行划分的,但并不局限于上 述的划分, 只要能够实现相应的功能即可; 另外, 各功能单元的具体名称也只 是为了便于相互区分, 并不用于限制本发明的保护范围。
另夕卜,本领域普通技术人员可以理解实现上述各方法实施例中的全部或部 分步骤是可以通过程序来指令相关的硬件完成,相应的程序可以存储于一种计 算机可读存储介质中,上述提到的存储介质可以是只读存储器,磁盘或光盘等。
以上仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式, 但本发明的保护范围并不局限于 此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明实施例揭露的技术范围内, 可轻 易想到的变化或替换, 都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。 因此, 本发明的保 护范围应该以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 一种光中继器, 其特征在于, 包括:
光中继器的第一输入端、 光中继器的第一输出端、 第一掺铒光纤、 第一耦 合器, 第二耦合器以及第一泵浦光处理组件;
所述光中继器的第一输入端连接所述第一掺铒光纤的输入端、所述第一掺 铒光纤的输出端连接所述第一耦合器的输入端,所述第一耦合器的第一输出端 连接所述第二耦合器的第一输入端,所述第二耦合器的输出端连接所述光中继 器的第一输出端;第一泵浦光处理组件的输入端连接所述第二耦合器的第二输 入端; 所述第一泵浦光处理组件的输出端连接所述第一耦合器的第二输出端; 反向泵浦光从第一输出端进入所述光中继器,经第二耦合器的输出端进入 所述第二耦合器, 第二耦合器耦合出进入所述第二耦合器的反向泵浦光, 并经 所述第二耦合器的第二输入端发送至所述第一泵浦光处理组件的输入端; 信号光从所述光中继器的第一输入端进入所述光中继器,依次经过所述第 一掺铒光纤、第一耦合器以及第二耦合器, 最后经所述光中继器的第一输出端 传出所述光中继器;
第一泵浦光处理组件的输出端向所述第一耦合器的第二输出端发送泵浦 光; 所述泵浦光包含所述第一泵浦光处理组件自身产生的本端泵浦光和 /或所 述反向泵浦光; 第一耦合器将所述第一耦合器的第二输出端接收到的泵浦光, 经所述第一耦合器的输入端发往所述第一掺铒光纤的输出端,从所述第一掺铒 光纤的输出端进入所述第一掺铒光纤。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述光中继器, 其特征在于, 还包括: 第三耦合器; 所述第一泵浦光处理组件的输出端包括:所述第一泵浦光处理组件的第一输出 端和所述第一泵浦光处理组件的第二输出端;
所述第三耦合器的输入端连接所述光中继器的第一输入端,所述第三耦合 器的第一输出端连接所述第一掺铒光纤的输入端; 所述第三耦合器的第二输 出端连接所述第一泵浦光处理组件的第二输出端;所述第一耦合器的第二输出 端连接所述第一泵浦光处理组件的第一输出端;
所述第一泵浦光处理组件的第二输出端向所述第三耦合器的第二输出端 发送泵浦光;所述第三耦合器将所述第三耦合器的第二输出端接收到的泵浦光 从所述第三耦合器的输入端发往所述光中继器的第一输入端;
所述第一泵浦光处理组件的第一输出端向所述第一耦合器的第二输出端 发送泵浦光; 第一耦合器将所述第一耦合器的第二输出端接收到的泵浦光, 经 所述第一耦合器的输入端发往所述第一掺铒光纤的输出端。
3、 根据权利要求 2所述光中继器, 其特征在于, 还包括: 第六耦合器; 所述第一泵浦光处理组件的输出端还包括:所述第一泵浦光处理组件的第三输 出端;
所述第六耦合器位于所述第三耦合器与所述第一掺铒光纤之间的信号光 的光路中; 所述第三耦合器的第一输出端连接所述第六耦合器的第一输入端, 所述第一泵浦光处理组件的第三输出端连接所述第六耦合器的第二输入端,所 述第六耦合器的输出端连接所述第一掺铒光纤的输入端;
所述第一泵浦光处理组件的第三输出端向所述第六耦合器的第二输入端 发送泵浦光; 第六耦合器将所述第六耦合器的第二输入端接收到的泵浦光, 经 所述第六耦合器的输出端发往所述第一掺铒光纤的输入端。
4、 根据权利要求 1所述光中继器, 其特征在于, 还包括: 第四耦合器、 光隔离器以及第五耦合器;
所述第四耦合器、光隔离器以及第五耦合器依次连接于所述光中继器与所 述第一掺铒光纤之间的信号光的光路中;所述第五耦合器的输入端与所述光中 继器的第一输入端连接,所述第五耦合器的第一输出端与所述光隔离器的输入 端连接, 所述光隔离器的输出端与所述第四耦合器的第一输入端连接, 所述第 五耦合器的第二输出端与所述第四耦合器的第二输入端连接;
进入所述第一掺铒光纤的泵浦光对经所述第一掺铒光纤的信号光进行放 大之后,进入所述第一掺铒光纤的泵浦的残余泵浦光经所述第一掺铒光纤的输 出端发往所述第四耦合器的输出端,第四耦合器将所述第四耦合器的输出端接 收到的残余泵浦光经所述第四耦合器的第二输入端发往所述第五耦合器的第 二输出端,所述第五耦合器将所述第五耦合器的输出端接收到的残余泵浦光经 所述第五耦合器的输入端发往所述光中继器的第一输入端。
5、 根据权利要求 1~4任意一项所述光中继器, 其特征在于, 所述第一泵 浦光处理组件的输入端包括:所述第一泵浦光处理组件的第一输入端和所述第 一泵浦光处理组件的第二输入端;
所述第一泵浦光处理组件的第一输入端为所述第一泵浦光处理组件与所 述第二耦合器的第二输入端连接的端口;所述第一泵浦光处理组件的第二输入 端接收来自与所述信号光相对一侧信号光的光路的反向泵浦光。
6、 根据权利要求 1或 4所述光中继器, 其特征在于, 若所述第一泵浦光 处理组件的输入端包括:所述第一泵浦光处理组件的第一输入端和所述第一泵 浦光处理组件的第二输入端;所述第一泵浦光处理组件的第一输入端为所述第 一泵浦光处理组件与所述第二耦合器的第二输入端连接的端口;所述第一泵浦 光处理组件的第二输入端接收来自与所述信号光相对一侧信号光的光路的反 向泵浦光;
所述第一泵浦光处理组件包括: 第一泵浦源, 第一偏振合束器、 第十耦合 器、 第十一耦合器;
第一泵浦源的输出端连接所述第一偏振合束器的输入端、第一偏振合束器 的输出端连接所述第十耦合器的第一输入端,所述第十耦合器的第一输出端作 为所述第一泵浦光处理组件的输出端;
第十一耦合器的第一输入端作为所述第一泵浦光处理组件的第一输入端, 所述第十一耦合器的第二输入端作为所述第一泵浦光处理组件的第二输入端, 所述第十一耦合器的第一输出端与所述第十耦合器的第二输入端连接; 振合束器的输入端,所述第一偏振合束器将所述第一偏振合束器的输入端进入 的本端泵浦光经所述第一偏振合束器的输出端,发往所述第十耦合器的第一输 入端;所述第十一耦合器将从所述第十一耦合器的第一输入端进入的反向泵浦 光以及从所述第十一耦合器的第二输入端进入的反向泵浦光鶫合,并将耦合得 到的部分反向泵浦光在所述第十一耦合器的第一输出端发往所述第十耦合器 的第二输入端;所述第十耦合器将从所述第十耦合器的第一输入端进入的本端 泵浦光以及从所述第十耦合器的第二输入端进入的反向泵浦光进行鶫合,并将 耦合得到的部分泵浦光从所述第十耦合器的第一输出端输出。
7、 根据权利要求 3所述光中继器, 其特征在于, 所述第一泵浦光处理组 件包括: 第二泵浦源、 第三泵浦源、 第十二耦合器、 第十三耦合器;
所述第二泵浦源的输出端与所述第十二耦合器的输入端连接,所述第十二 耦合器的第一输出端作为所述第一泵浦光处理组件的第二输出端;所述第三泵 浦源的输出端与所述第十三耦合器的输入端连接,所述第十三耦合器的第一输 出端作为所述第一泵浦光处理组件的第三输出端;
第二泵浦源产生第一本端泵浦光,并经所述第二泵浦源的输出端将所述第 一本端泵浦光发送至所述第十二耦合器的输入端,所述第十二耦合器将所述第 十二耦合器的输入端进入的第一本端泵浦光进行鶫合,并将耦合得到的部分第 一本端泵浦光在所述第十二耦合器的第一输出端输出;
第三泵浦源产生第二本端泵浦光,并经所述第三泵浦源的输出端将所述第 二本端泵浦光发送至所述第十三耦合器的输入端,所述第十三耦合器将所述第 十三耦合器的输入端进入的第二本端泵浦光进行鶫合,并将耦合得到的部分第 二本端泵浦光在所述第十三耦合器的第一输出端输出;
来自第二耦合器的第二输出端的反向泵浦光从所述第一泵浦光处理组件 的输入端进入,并直接从所述第一泵浦光处理组件的第一输出端输出至所述第 一耦合器的第二输出端;
若所述第一泵浦光处理组件的输入端包括:所述第一泵浦光处理组件的第 一输入端和所述第一泵浦光处理组件的第二输入端;所述第一泵浦光处理组件 的第一输入端为所述第一泵浦光处理组件与所述第二耦合器的第二输入端连 接的端口;所述第一泵浦光处理组件的第二输入端接收来自与所述信号光相对 一侧信号光的光路的反向泵浦光,所述来自与所述信号光相对一侧信号光的光 路的反向泵浦光直接从所述第一泵浦光处理组件的第一输出端输出至所述第 一耦合器的第二输出端。
8、 根据权利要求 7所述所述光中继器, 其特征在于, 若所述第一泵浦光 处理组件的输入端包括:所述第一泵浦光处理组件的第一输入端和所述第一泵 浦光处理组件的第二输入端;所述第一泵浦光处理组件还包括:第十四耦合器; 所述第十四耦合器的第一输入端与作为所述第一泵浦光处理组件的第一 输入端,所述第十四耦合器的第二输入端与作为所述第一泵浦光处理组件的第 二输入端,所述第十四耦合器的第一输出端作为所述第一泵浦光处理组件的第 一输出端;
所述第十四耦合器将进入所述第十四耦合器的第一输入端的来自所述第 二耦合器的反向泵浦光,以及进入所述第十四耦合器的第二输入端的来自与所 述信号光相对一侧信号光的光路的反向泵浦光进行鶫合,并将耦合得到的部分 反向泵浦光从所述第十四耦合器的第一输出端发往所述第一耦合器的第二输 出端。
9、 根据权利要求 1至 4任意一项所述光中继器, 其特征在于, 所述第二 耦合器为第一环形器; 所述第一环形器为: 按照第一端口、 第二端口以及第三 端口顺序连接的环形器;
所述第一环形器的第一端口为所述第二耦合器的第一输入端,所述第一环 形器的第二端口为所述第二耦合器的输出端,所述第一环形器的第三端口为所 述第二耦合器的第二输入端。
10、 根据权利要求 2至 4任意一项所述光中继器, 其特征在于, 所述第三 耦合器为第二环形器; 所述第二环形器为: 按照第一端口、 第二端口以及第三 端口顺序连接的环形器;
所述第二环形器的第一端口为所述第三耦合器的第二输出端,所述第二环 形器的第二端口为所述第三耦合器的输入端,所述第二环形器的第三端口为所 述第三耦合器的第一输出端。
11、 根据权利要求 1至 4任意一项所述光中继器, 其特征在于, 所述信号 光的光路中还串接有增益平坦滤波器。
12、 一种光中继器, 其特征在于, 包括:
光中继器的第一输入端、 光中继器的第一输出端、 第二掺铒光纤、 第七耦 合器、 第八鶫合器, 第九鶫合器以及第二泵浦光处理组件;
所述光中继器的第一输入端连接所述第九鶫合器的输入端,第九鶫合器的 第一输出端连接所述第七耦合器的第一输入端,第七耦合器的输出端连接所述 第二掺铒光纤, 所述第二掺铒光纤的输出端连接所述第八耦合器的第一输入 端, 第八鶫合器的输出端连接所述光中继器的输出端; 所述第二泵浦光处理组 件的输入端连接所述第八鶫合器的第二输入端;所述第二泵浦光处理组件的第 一输出端连接所述第九鶫合器的第二输出端,所述第二泵浦光处理组件的第二 输出端连接所述第七耦合器的第二输入端;
反向泵浦光从第一输出端进入所述光中继器,经第八鶫合器的输出端进入 所述第八鶫合器, 第八鶫合器耦合出进入所述第八鶫合器的反向泵浦光, 并经 所述第八鶫合器的第二输入端发送至所述第二泵浦光处理组件的输入端; 信号光从所述光中继器的第一输入端进入所述光中继器,依次经过所述第 九鶫合器、 第七耦合器、 第二掺铒光纤以及第八鶫合器, 最后经所述光中继器 的第一输出端传出所述光中继器;
第二泵浦光处理组件的第一输出端向所述第九耦合器的第二输出端发送 泵浦光;第二泵浦光处理组件的第二输出端向所述第七耦合器的第二输入端发 送泵浦光;所述泵浦光包含所述第一泵浦光处理组件自身产生的本端泵浦光和 /或所述反向泵浦光; 进入所述第九耦合器的第二输出端的泵浦光经所述第九 耦合器的输入端,从所述光中继器的第一输入端传出所述光中继器; 进入所述 第七耦合器的第二输入端的泵浦光被所述第七耦合器耦合,并在所述第七耦合 器的输出端发往所述第二掺铒光纤的输入端。
13、 根据权利要求 12所述光中继器, 其特征在于, 所述第二泵浦光处理 组件的输入端包括:所述第二泵浦光处理组件的第一输入端和所述第二泵浦光 处理组件的第二输入端;
所述第二泵浦光处理组件的第一输入端为所述第二泵浦光处理组件与所 述第八鶫合器的第二输入端连接的端口;所述第二泵浦光处理组件的第二输入 端是接收来自与所述信号光相对一侧信号光的光路的反向泵浦光。
14、 根据权利要求 13所述光中继器, 其特征在于, 所述第二泵浦光处理 组件包括:
第四泵浦源、 第二偏振合束器、 第十五耦合器、 第十六耦合器、 以及第十 七耦合器;
所述第四泵浦源的输出端与所述第二偏振合束器的输入端连接,所述第二 偏振合束器的输出端与所述第十五耦合器的输入端连接,所述第十五耦合器的 第一输出端与所述第十六耦合器的第一输入端连接,所述第十六耦合器的第一 输出端作为所述第二泵浦光处理组件的第一输出端,所述第十六耦合器的第二 输出端作为所述第二泵浦光处理组件的第二输出端;所述第十七耦合器的第一 输入端作为所述第二泵浦光处理组件的第一输入端,所述第十七耦合器的第二 输入端作为所述第二泵浦光处理组件的第二输入端;所述第十七耦合器的第一 输出端与所述是十六耦合器的第二输入端连接;
第四泵浦源产生本端泵浦光,并经所述第二泵浦源的输出端将所述本端泵 浦光发送至所述第二偏振合束器的输入端,经所述第二偏振合束器的输出端发 往所述第十五耦合器的输入端,所述第十五耦合器对进入所述第十五耦合器的 本端泵浦光进行鶫合,并将耦合得到的部分本段泵浦光发送所述第十六耦合器 的第一输入端;所述第十七耦合器将进入所述第十七耦合器的第一输入端的来 自所述第八鶫合器的反向泵浦光,以及进入所述第十七耦合器的第二输入端的 来自与所述信号光相对一侧信号光的光路的反向泵浦光进行鶫合,并将耦合得 到的部分反向泵浦光经所述第十七耦合器的第一输出端发往所述第十六耦合 器的第二输入端;所述第十六耦合器将进入所述第十六耦合器的第二输入端的 反向泵浦光, 以及进入所述第十六耦合器的第一输入端的本端泵浦光进行禺 合,并将耦合得到的一部分泵浦光经所述第十六耦合器的第一输出端发往所述 第九鶫合器,将耦合得到的另一部分泵浦光经所述第十六耦合器的第二输出端 发往所述第七耦合器。
15、 根据权利要求 12至 14任意一项所述光中继器, 其特征在于, 所述第 八鶫合器为第三环形器; 所述第三环形器为: 按照第一端口、 第二端口以及第 三端口顺序连接的环形器;
所述第三环形器的第一端口为所述第八鶫合器的第一输入端,所述第三环 形器的第二端口为所述第二耦合器的输出端,所述第三环形器的第三端口为所 述第二耦合器的第二输入端。
16、 根据权利要求 12至 14任意一项所述光中继器, 其特征在于, 所述第 九鶫合器为第四环形器; 所述第四环形器为: 按照第一端口、 第二端口以及第 三端口顺序连接的环形器;
所述第四环形器的第一端口为所述第九鶫合器的第二输出端,所述第四环 形器的第二端口为所述第九鶫合器的输入端,所述第四环形器的第三端口为所 述第九耦合器的第一输出端。
17、 根据权利要求 12至 14任意一项所述光中继器, 其特征在于, 所述信 号光的光路中还串接有增益平坦滤波器。
18、 一种光纤通信系统, 包括: 光缆, 光缆内置光中继器, 其特征在于, 所述光中继器为权利要求 1~17任意一项的光中继器。
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