WO2015177476A1 - Filtre tangentiel avec un élément support comprenant un ensemble de canaux - Google Patents
Filtre tangentiel avec un élément support comprenant un ensemble de canaux Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015177476A1 WO2015177476A1 PCT/FR2015/051342 FR2015051342W WO2015177476A1 WO 2015177476 A1 WO2015177476 A1 WO 2015177476A1 FR 2015051342 W FR2015051342 W FR 2015051342W WO 2015177476 A1 WO2015177476 A1 WO 2015177476A1
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- Prior art keywords
- channels
- channel
- filter according
- tangential filter
- peripheral
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/02—Inorganic material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
- B01D29/11—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with bag, cage, hose, tube, sleeve or like filtering elements
- B01D29/13—Supported filter elements
- B01D29/23—Supported filter elements arranged for outward flow filtration
- B01D29/25—Supported filter elements arranged for outward flow filtration open-ended the arrival of the mixture to be filtered and the discharge of the concentrated mixture are situated on both opposite sides of the filtering element
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
- B01D39/20—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of inorganic material, e.g. asbestos paper, metallic filtering material of non-woven wires
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/0002—Casings; Housings; Frame constructions
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D63/06—Tubular membrane modules
- B01D63/062—Tubular membrane modules with membranes on a surface of a support tube
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D63/06—Tubular membrane modules
- B01D63/066—Tubular membrane modules with a porous block having membrane coated passages
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/04—Tubular membranes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/04—Tubular membranes
- B01D69/046—Tubular membranes characterised by the cross-sectional shape of the tube
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
- F16C33/12—Structural composition; Use of special materials or surface treatments, e.g. for rust-proofing
- F16C33/121—Use of special materials
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
- F16C33/14—Special methods of manufacture; Running-in
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/20—Sliding surface consisting mainly of plastics
- F16C33/201—Composition of the plastic
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/20—Sliding surface consisting mainly of plastics
- F16C33/208—Methods of manufacture, e.g. shaping, applying coatings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C35/00—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers
- F16C35/02—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers in the case of sliding-contact bearings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2201/00—Details relating to filtering apparatus
- B01D2201/04—Supports for the filtering elements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2201/00—Details relating to filtering apparatus
- B01D2201/18—Filters characterised by the openings or pores
- B01D2201/184—Special form, dimension of the openings, pores of the filtering elements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C17/00—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement
- F16C17/02—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement for radial load only
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2226/00—Joining parts; Fastening; Assembling or mounting parts
- F16C2226/50—Positive connections
- F16C2226/70—Positive connections with complementary interlocking parts
- F16C2226/74—Positive connections with complementary interlocking parts with snap-fit, e.g. by clips
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C29/00—Bearings for parts moving only linearly
- F16C29/02—Sliding-contact bearings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C35/00—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers
- F16C35/04—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers in the case of ball or roller bearings
- F16C35/06—Mounting or dismounting of ball or roller bearings; Fixing them onto shaft or in housing
- F16C35/07—Fixing them on the shaft or housing with interposition of an element
- F16C35/077—Fixing them on the shaft or housing with interposition of an element between housing and outer race ring
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of filtering structures made of an inorganic material intended for the filtration of liquids, in particular structures coated with a membrane in order to separate particles or molecules from a liquid, more particularly from water, in particular production water from oil extraction or shale gas.
- Filters have long been known using ceramic or non-ceramic membranes to filter various fluids, especially polluted water. These filters have long been known using ceramic or non-ceramic membranes to filter various fluids, especially polluted water. These filters are
- tangential filtration uses little or no adjuvant and provides two separate fluids that can be both valuable: the concentrate (also called retentate) and the filtrate (also called permeate): it is a clean process that respects the environment.
- Tangential filtration techniques are especially used for microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration.
- filter structures operating according to the principles of tangential filtration comprise or consist of tubular supports made of a porous inorganic material formed of walls delimiting longitudinal channels parallel to the axis of said supports.
- the filtrate passes through the walls and is evacuated at the peripheral outer surface of the porous support.
- the surface of said channels is also usually covered with a membrane, preferably a porous inorganic material, called a membrane or membrane-separating layer in the present description, whose nature and morphology are adapted to stop molecules or particles whose size is close to or greater than the median pore diameter of said membrane as the filtered fluid spreads in the porosity of the porous support.
- the membrane is conventionally deposited on the inner surface of the channels by a process for coating a porous inorganic material with a slip followed by a consolidation heat treatment, in particular drying and optionally sintering of the ceramic membranes.
- one of the most critical parameters is to position and size the channels to minimize the pressure drop across the filter, and especially the transmembrane pressure, that is to say the difference between the pressure of the initial fluid on the supply side and the pressure of the output fluid, filtrate side of the membrane. It is thus possible to reduce the energy consumption of the recirculation pumps while promoting the production of a high quantity of filtrate, the filtration system preferably operating in a turbulent regime in order to avoid clogging the channels too rapidly.
- Different geometries have been proposed in the art to limit said pressure drop and in particular the transmembrane pressure in such structures.
- multichannel structures have been proposed, which have a non-circular section in a section plane perpendicular to the axis of the support. All these modifications are also intended to increase the total filtration area of the filter relative to the overall volume of the porous support used.
- US Pat. No. 5,454,947 proposes structures whose channels have a non-circular section, with larger channels at the periphery and thicker radial walls in the direction of the periphery of the filter, in order to increase the contribution of the internal channels and thus promote the transfer of permeate to the outside of the filter.
- the application EP0686424 discloses a structure in particular with radial walls of constant thickness in order to obtain a homogeneous distribution of the membrane.
- the application EP0778073 discloses a structure with an outer wall of variable thickness and increasing towards the fillet of connection with the radial walls, in order to increase the mechanical strength of the filter.
- Publication EP0778074 proposes a multichannel structure comprising several channel morphologies of which the ratio of hydraulic diameters is between 0.75 and 1.3 and the surface ratio is between 0.75 and 1.3, in order to avoid heterogeneous declogging.
- Application EP0780148 recommends structures with gradient channels but having the same hydraulic diameter.
- WO00 / 29098 and WO01 / 62370 provide a configuration with a particular arrangement of base channels in the form of a third circle and / or different quadrilaterals in order to increase the surface area ratio exposed to the fluid along the channels on the flow section that is, the channel area in the plane of cross-section perpendicular to the axis of the filter.
- US Pat. No. 7699903 B2 discloses membrane separating layers, as well as their deposition conditions in tangential filtration structures. In particular, reference may be made to this publication for more details on obtaining and depositing the membrane separating layers within the meaning of the present invention.
- the present invention thus relates to a tangential filter for the filtration of a fluid such as a liquid, comprising or consisting of a support element made of a porous inorganic material preferably non-oxide.
- Said element has a tubular shape delimited by an external surface and comprises in its internal portion a set of channels, axes parallel to each other and separated from each other by walls of said porous inorganic material.
- the filter according to the invention comprises a central part comprising only internal channels Ci interconnected by common porous wall elements and peripheral channels Cp, ie channels having a wall common with the external surface of the support element.
- said internal and peripheral channels are covered on their inner surface with a membrane separating layer intended to come into contact with said fluid to be filtered circulating in them and the internal channels have a substantially equivalent hydraulic diameter.
- a tangential filter according to the present invention satisfies the following criteria, in a transverse plane P perpendicular to the central axis of said tubular support:
- the support comprises at least two adjacent peripheral channels A and B of different hydraulic diameter, each of said two peripheral channels A and B sharing a wall common with said outer surface, b) the ratio Dh between:
- the hydraulic diameter Dh A of the first channel A on the hydraulic diameter Dh B of the second channel B is greater than or equal to 1.1
- the number of peripheral channels B is greater than or equal to the number of peripheral channels A.
- the tangential filter in a transverse plane P perpendicular to the central axis of said tubular support, may especially have the following characteristics:
- said support comprises in its central part only internal channels Ci not sharing a common wall with its external surface, said internal channels having a substantially equivalent hydraulic diameter
- said support further comprises peripheral channels Cp, defining the external channel ring of said support, including at least two adjacent peripheral channels A and B, each of said two channels A and B sharing a common wall (6, 7) with said outer surface (2),
- the number of peripheral channels B is greater than or equal to the number of peripheral channels A
- the channel B has a hydraulic diameter Dh B substantially identical to the hydraulic diameter of the internal channels (Ci).
- a tangential filter according to the present invention may also have the following preferred characteristics, each of the characteristics described below being able of course and if necessary to be combined with one or more others:
- the channel B has a hydraulic diameter Dh B substantially identical to the hydraulic diameter of the internal channels (Ci).
- the first peripheral channel A is non-circular in shape. It has at least one concave or convex wall, or even at least one concave and convex wall. These wall forms make it possible to increase the filtration area.
- the first channel has a flared shape, for example in the form of a droplet or a bottle, such that its surface extends mainly in the direction of the central axis of the filter support so as to be entangled with the corona of non-flowable channels. nearest devices.
- the surface of the flared or elliptical channel A in the transverse plane P, extends mainly along an axis from the periphery of the support element towards its central axis.
- the surface of the common wall between the channel A and the outer surface is curved. Even more advantageously, said outer surface is curved so as to obtain an outer wall of substantially constant thickness.
- the internal channels (Ci) and preferably the channel B have a substantially elliptical section, the ratio between the major axis and the minor axis of the ellipse being between 2 and 1, preferably between 1 , 5 and 1 and very preferably between 1.2 and 1.
- the second peripheral channel B has a substantially circular section. Its diameter is advantageously between 1 and 7 mm, preferably between 2 and 5 mm.
- the smaller hydraulic diameter channel B has, according to said transverse plane P, a shape substantially equivalent to that of said internal channels.
- the internal channels (Ci) have a substantially circular section, along said transverse plane P.
- the surface of the common wall between the channel A and the outer surface is curved.
- the ratio Dh between the hydraulic diameter Dh A of the first channel A on the hydraulic diameter Dh B of the second channel B is less than 2, preferably less than 1.5 and more preferably less than 1.4.
- the average thickness of the outer wall of the peripheral channels is preferably between 0.2 and 1.5 mm, preferably between 0.5 and 1.2 mm. Such a thickness makes it possible in particular to combine a good mechanical strength and a high permeate flow rate.
- the hydraulic diameter of the internal channels is less than 7 mm, and preferably between 1 and 5 mm, more preferably between 1.5 and 4.5, or even between 2 and 4 mm.
- the central part of the support element comprises only channels Ci sharing between them porous wall elements.
- the central part comprising only internal channels represents, in a transverse sectional plane of the filter, at least 20% of the surface of the support according to said section, and preferably at least 30%, or even at least 50% or even more than 60%. % of said surface, according to said section.
- the cumulative surface occupied by the internal channels, according to a cross-sectional plane of the filter, represents at least
- the number of internal channels Ci is greater than the number of channels B.
- the support element comprises in its peripheral ring only A-channels and B-channels.
- the support element has in its peripheral ring only one configuration (one type) for the channels A and only one configuration (one type) for the B channels.
- the support element is polygonal or circular base.
- At least one internal channel Ci shares a common wall with a peripheral channel A.
- the support element has in cross section an equivalent diameter of between 20 and 80 mm Equivalent diameter means the diameter that would have a circle of same area as the section considered of the support element, according to said transverse sectional plane.
- the porosity of the porous support material material is between 20 and 60%.
- the median pore diameter of the material constituting the porous support is between 5 and 50 microns, preferably greater than 5 microns and less than 50 microns, more preferably between 10 and 40 microns.
- the porous support comprises and preferably consists of a ceramic material, preferably a non-oxide ceramic material, preferably selected from silicon carbide SiC, in particular sintered SiC in liquid phase or solid phase, recrystallized SiC, silicon nitride, in particular SiO 3 N 4 , silicon oxynitride, in particular SiO 2 ON 2 , silicon and aluminum oxynitride, or a combination thereof.
- a ceramic material preferably a non-oxide ceramic material, preferably selected from silicon carbide SiC, in particular sintered SiC in liquid phase or solid phase, recrystallized SiC, silicon nitride, in particular SiO 3 N 4 , silicon oxynitride, in particular SiO 2 ON 2 , silicon and aluminum oxynitride, or a combination thereof.
- the support is made of silicon carbide, more preferably recrystallized SiC.
- a membrane separator layer consisting essentially of a ceramic material, preferably based on non-oxide ceramic, preferably in the list among silicon carbide SiC, in particular sintered SiC in the liquid phase or in the solid phase or the recrystallized SiC, silicon nitride, in particular Si3N4, silicon oxynitride, in particular Si20N2, silicon and aluminum oxynitride, boron nitride BN, or a combination of these .
- a ceramic material preferably based on non-oxide ceramic, preferably in the list among silicon carbide SiC, in particular sintered SiC in the liquid phase or in the solid phase or the recrystallized SiC, silicon nitride, in particular Si3N4, silicon oxynitride, in particular Si20N2, silicon and aluminum oxynitride, boron nitride BN, or a combination of these .
- the porosity of the membrane separation layer measured by image analysis is at least 5%, preferably at least 10%, less than that of the support.
- the porosity of the membrane separator layer is lower at 70% and very preferably is between 10 and 70%.
- the median equivalent pore diameter measured by image analysis of the layer forming the membrane separator layer is between 1 nm and 5 micrometers.
- the open front surface (OFA) is preferably greater than 30%, more preferably 30% to 60%.
- the filtration area is greater than 0.35, preferably greater than 0.4 m 2 / m filter length.
- internal channel is meant in the sense of the invention the channels that do not share a common wall with the outer surface of the support member.
- the set of internal channels delimits the internal part of the support or the filter, excluding the peripheral ring comprising the channels A and B.
- a peripheral channel has at least one wall common with the outer surface of the support member is said device.
- the peripheral channels A and B delimit a peripheral (or external) ring of the support or the filter.
- substantially equivalent hydraulic diameter of the channels is meant in the sense of the invention that the ratio of the hydraulic diameter between said channels varies at most between 0, 95 and 1.05.
- internal surface (S A or S B ) of a channel is meant the area (in mm 2 ) of the flow section of said channel, in a transverse plane.
- the hydraulic diameter D h of a channel is calculated, in a plane of any cross section P of the tubular structure, from the surface of the section of the channel S of said channel and its perimeter P, according to said plane of section and by application of the following classic expression:
- the ratio of the average thicknesses of said layer respectively measured on a first type of channel A and on a second type of channel B is closer to 1.
- Channel ring means a set of channels located substantially at the same distance from the central axis of the filter medium.
- peripheral ring is within the meaning of the invention the outermost ring of channels, which comprises the channels A and B.
- channels having substantially the same shape and the same surface in the plane of cross-section P for example within plus or minus five percent. They can be located on different crowns or on the same ring of channels.
- the open front area (OFA) is obtained by calculating the ratio of the area covered by the sum of the cross sections of the channels to the total area of the corresponding cross-section of the channel. porous support.
- the porosity and the median diameter of the porous support described in the present description are determined in known manner by mercury porosimetry.
- the pore volume is measured by intrusion of Mercury at
- a mercury porosimeter thus makes it possible to establish a pore size distribution by volume.
- the median pore diameter of the porous walls corresponds to a threshold of 50% of the population by volume.
- the porosity of the membrane, corresponding to the total pore volume in the membrane, and the median pore diameter of the membrane are advantageously determined according to the invention using a scanning electron microscope.
- polished sections of a support wall in cross-section, as illustrated in FIG. 7, are made so as to visualize the entire thickness of the coating over a cumulative length of at least 1.5 cm. .
- the acquisition of the images is performed on a sample of at least 50 grains.
- the area and the equivalent diameter of each of the pores are obtained from the images by conventional image analysis techniques, possibly after a binarization of the image to increase the contrast. We thus deduce a distribution of equivalent diameters, from which we extract the median diameter.
- this method can be used to determine a median size of the particles constituting the membrane layer.
- the median size of the particles constituting the membrane layer is generally between 20 nanometers and 10 micrometers, preferably between 100 nanometers and 2 micrometers.
- the median diameter of the particles or pores means respectively the diameter of the particles or pores below which there is 50% by number of the population.
- the median pore diameter within the membrane is obtained by image analysis and calculated from a number of pores.
- the median pore diameter of the support is determined on the basis of a volume distribution, as measured by conventional mercury porometry techniques.
- all the channels of the structure in particular the channels of the type A and the channels of the type B, obviously have a section and a substantially constant and identical distribution over the entire length of the filter, whatever the cross-sectional plane P.
- Sintering in the liquid phase is understood to mean sintering in which at least one of the sintering additives, several additives or a phase formed from the combination of some of these additives, or even certain impurities of the product to be sintered, are capable of forming a liquid phase during the sintering heat treatment, in an amount such that it is sufficient to allow rearrangement of the grains and thereby bring them into contact with each other.
- Solid phase sintering is sintering in which none of the sintering additives, or any phase formed from the combination of some of these additives, or any impurity of the product to be sintered, are likely to form a liquid phase. such that it is sufficient to allow rearrangement of the grains and thus bring them into contact with each other.
- sinter additive is meant a compound usually known to allow and / or accelerate the kinetics of the sintering reaction.
- the filter support is obtained by extrusion of a paste through a die configured according to the geometry of the structure to be produced according to the invention.
- the extrusion is followed by drying and baking to sinter the inorganic material constituting the support and obtain the characteristics of porosity and mechanical strength necessary for the application.
- it when it is a support in SiC, it can be obtained in particular according to the following manufacturing steps:
- the mixture also comprises an organic binder of the cellulose derivative type. Water is added and kneaded to obtain a homogeneous paste whose plasticity allows extrusion, the die being configured to obtain the monoliths according to the invention. drying the green monoliths by microwave for a time sufficient to bring the water content not chemically bound to less than 1 ⁇ 6 by mass.
- the baking atmosphere is preferably nitrogenous.
- the baking atmosphere is preferably neutral and more particularly argon.
- the temperature is typically maintained for at least 1 hour and preferably for at least 3 hours.
- the obtained material has an open porosity of 20 to 60% by volume and a median pore diameter of about 5 to 50 microns.
- the filter support is then coated according to the invention with a membrane (or membrane separator layer).
- a membrane or membrane separator layer.
- One or more so-called primary layers may be deposited before forming the filter membrane according to various techniques known to those skilled in the art: deposition techniques from suspensions or slip, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or projection techniques thermal, for example plasma projection (plasma spraying).
- the primer layers and the membrane are deposited by coating from slips or suspensions.
- a first layer is preferably deposited in contact with the substrate (primary layer), acting as a bonding layer.
- the formulation of the primer comprises 50% by weight of grains of SiC (median diameter between 2 and 20 microns) and 50% of deionized water.
- a second layer of finer porosity is deposited on the primer layer, and constitutes the membrane itself. The porosity of this last layer is adapted to give the filter element its final properties.
- the formulation of the membrane preferably comprises 50% by weight of SiC grains (in particular of median diameter between 0.1 and 2 micrometers) and 50% of deionized water.
- thickening agents in proportions typically between 0.02 and 2% of the water mass
- binding agents typically between 0.5 and 20% of the mass of powder of SiC
- dispersants between 0.01 and 1% of the SiC powder mass
- the thickening agents are preferably cellulosic derivatives, the binding agents preferably PVA or acrylic derivatives and the dispersing agents are preferably of the ammonium polymethacrylate type.
- Organic additions expressed by weight of the slip in particular Dolapix A88 as a deflocculating agent, for example in a proportion of 0.01 to 0.5%; Tylose, for example of the MH4000P type, as a thickener in a proportion of 0.01 to 1%, PVA as a tackifying agent in a proportion of 0.1 to 2% by weight of solids; monoethylene glycol as plasticizer and 95% ethanol as surface tension reducer, are more particularly suitable.
- a primer layer with a thickness of approximately 30 to 40 microns after drying.
- a membrane layer of thickness of about 30-40 microns is obtained after drying.
- the thus coated support is then dried at room temperature typically for at least 30 minutes and then at 60 ° C for at least 24 hours.
- the supports thus dried and then sintered at a firing temperature typically between 1700 and 2200 ° C under a non-oxidizing atmosphere, preferably under argon, so as to obtain a membrane porosity (measured by image analysis as described above) between 10 and 40% by volume and a median equivalent diameter of pores (measured by image analysis) preferably between 50 nm and 10 micrometers, or even between 100 nm and 5 micrometers
- a ceramic material preferably based on non-oxide ceramic, preferably selected from silicon carbide SiC, in particular sintered SiC in liquid phase or in solid phase or recrystallized SiC, silicon nitride , in particular S 1 3 N 4 , silicon oxynitride, in particular S 1 2 ON 2 , silicon aluminum oxynitride, boron nitride BN, or a combination thereof.
- the membrane is based on silicon carbide typically recrystallized.
- the particles are deposited on one or more layers of a porosity primer, in particular of pore diameter, intermediate between the porosity (greater) of the walls and that of the membrane, to facilitate its deposition and homogeneity.
- a porosity primer in particular of pore diameter, intermediate between the porosity (greater) of the walls and that of the membrane, to facilitate its deposition and homogeneity.
- the ratio between the average size of the particles constituting the intermediate layer and that of the particles constituting the membrane layer is between 5 and 50.
- the ratio between the mean size of the grains constituting the porous wall and that of the particles constituting the membrane intermediate layer is between 2 and 20.
- the porosity of the membrane separation layer measured by image analysis is at least 5%, preferably at least 10%, less than that of the support.
- the porosity of the membrane-separating layer is less than 70% and very preferably is between 10 and 70%.
- the median equivalent pore diameter measured by image analysis of the membrane-forming layer is between 1 nm and 5 microns.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a conventional configuration of a tubular filter according to the current technique, according to a transverse sectional plane P.
- FIG. 2 schematizes a first configuration according to the most advantageous invention.
- FIG. 3 schematizes another configuration of a tubular filter according to the invention.
- Figure 4 illustrates a comparative embodiment of that shown schematically in Figure 3, and not according to the present invention.
- FIG. 5 illustrates the transverse section plane P of a filtering structure and its central axis A, within the meaning of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a microscopy snapshot of a filter according to the invention, showing the membrane separation layer.
- FIG. 7 schematizes another configuration of a tubular filter according to the invention.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a tangential filter 1 according to the current technique, as used for the filtration of a fluid such as a liquid.
- FIG. 1 represents a schematic view of the transverse cross-sectional plane P illustrated in FIG. 5.
- the filter comprises or most often consists of a support element 1 made of a porous inorganic material that is preferably non-oxide.
- the element conventionally has a tubular shape, delimited by an external surface 2. It comprises in its inner portion 3 a set of adjacent channels 4, axes parallel to each other and separated from each other by walls 8.
- the walls are formed in a porous inorganic material passing the filtrate from the inner portion 3 to the outer surface 2.
- the channels 4 are covered on their inner surface with a membrane separating layer 5, as illustrated by the electron microscopy picture shown on Figure 6.
- This membrane separating layer 5 comes into contact with said fluid to be filtered flowing in said channels.
- the channels 4 of the structure 1 can be divided into different groups: All the internal channels C 1 generally have a substantially equivalent hydraulic diameter and of circular shape (in section) and constitute the central part of the structure, within the meaning of the present invention.
- the filtering structure further comprises, around said central part, peripheral channels Cp occupying the outermost (or peripheral) channel ring of the filter, said channels Cp sharing a common wall with the outer surface 2.
- a minority portion of the channels (denoted A) of the peripheral ring necessarily has a truncated shape, in order to maintain a sufficient thickness of the outer wall.
- the majority of the other peripheral channels have a circular shape (channels B in FIG. 1) identical to that of the channels Ci, the research carried out by the applicant company has shown that the presence of these peripheral channels A of restricted hydraulic diameter, even in small numbers, had a negative and significant influence on the performance and efficiency of filter filtration, as will be described later.
- FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrate different embodiments according to the invention of a tangential filter according to the invention, in which the structure also comprises a group G of two adjacent peripheral channels Cp A and B sharing a common wall (respectively 6 and 7 in Figure 2), with the outer surface 2, which solve such a problem.
- the filter according to Figure 2 further comprises internal channels Ci of substantially equivalent hydraulic diameter and circular (in section), which together constitute the central part of the structure, within the meaning of the present invention.
- the channels A are configured this time in such a way that their hydraulic diameter is greater than the hydraulic diameter of the circular section channels B, the latter being however present in addition large number on said peripheral ring.
- the number of circular peripheral channels B, whose Dh is identical to that of the internal channels, is greater than the number of adjacent channels with a higher Dh (A-channels).
- the number of peripheral channels B of smaller Dh is smaller than that of adjacent channels A of larger size.
- FIG. 4 therefore illustrates a comparative embodiment in which the channels A of greater hydraulic diameter are this time in greater number than the channels B, contrary to the requirements of the present invention.
- the median diameter dso denotes the diameter of the particles below which 50% by weight of the population of said particles).
- Green monoliths obtained are dried by micro wave ⁇ for a time sufficient to bring the water content of not chemically bound to less than 1 ⁇ 6 by weight.
- the monoliths are then fired to a temperature of at least 2100 ° C which is maintained for 5 hours.
- the obtained material has an open porosity of 43% and a mean pore distribution diameter of about 25 microns, as measured by mercury porosimetry.
- a membrane separating layer is then deposited on the inner wall of the channels of the support structure according to the method described below:
- a primer of attachment of the separating layer consists initially of a slip whose formulation comprises 50% by weight of SiC grains (dso of about 10 microns) and 50% of deionized water.
- a slip of the material constituting the membrane filtration layer is also prepared, the formulation of which comprises 50% by weight of grains of SiC (dso around 0.6 micrometer) and 50% of deionized water.
- the rheology of the slips was set at 0.5-0.7 Pas at ls -1 .
- the slip is introduced into a tank with stirring (20 rpm). After a light vacuum de-aerating phase (typically 25 millibars) while maintaining stirring, the tank is pressurized approximately 0.7 bar in order to coat the interior of the support from its lower part until at its upper end. This operation takes only a few seconds for a support of 30 cm in length. Immediately after coating the slip on the inner wall of the support channels, the excess is removed by gravity.
- the supports are then dried at ambient temperature for 30 minutes and then at 60 ° C. for 30 hours.
- the thus dried supports are then fired at a temperature of greater than 1600 ° C.
- the firing temperature is a function of the characteristics required for the final porosity of the membrane, namely a median pore diameter of about 1 micrometer and an open porosity of 40% by volume.
- FIG. 6 shows one of the electron microscopy images obtained. This figure shows the porous support 100 of high porosity, the primer layer 102 for the attachment of the membrane separator layer 103 of finer porosity.
- Table 1 is reported the ratio of the average thickness of the membrane (103) thus measured on all channels A on the average membrane thickness thus measured on all channels B.
- a ratio close to 1 thus indicates an ideal repair of the inorganic filtering material in all the channels of the filter.
- the further the ratio is from 1, the more the deposition of the membrane separator layer is heterogeneous.
- the filtration area is calculated from the cumulative sum of the perimeters of all the channels of the structure.
- a flow measurement is performed on the filters according to the following method.
- the permeate (water) is recovered at the periphery of the filter.
- the filter clogged gradually due to the deposition of the oil in the channels on the surface of the separating membrane, resulting in a decrease in the amount of permeate recovered at the periphery of the filter.
- the flow rate is measured after 20 hours of filtration.
- the characteristic flow rate of the filter is expressed in L / min per meter of filter length after 20 hours of filtration.
- the filter according to Example 2 shows indeed a ratio of average thickness of the membrane substantially higher than for Example 1 and a filtrate flow very significantly higher after 20 hours of activity.
- the filter according to the embodiment of the invention illustrated in FIG. 3 also makes it possible to improve the homogeneity of deposition of the membrane while maintaining a permeate flow rate after 20 h substantially improved by compared to reference example 1.
- the filter according to Example 4 is comparable with that of Example 3 (according to the invention), the sizes and geometries of channels being similar.
- the number of peripheral channels B (of smaller hydraulic diameter) according to the example / FIG. 4 is, however, less than the number of peripheral channels of larger hydraulic diameter (channels A). Comparing the filtration performance of the filters according to Examples 3 and 4, on the basis of the data reported in Table 1, shows that it is necessary for the number of smaller peripheral channels B to be greater than or equal to the number of Peripheral channels A of larger size, to obtain a homogeneous distribution of the deposit while maintaining a better improved filtration capacity. Such a result appears totally unexpected given current knowledge in the field of tangential filters.
- FIG. 7 shows a cross-sectional view of another filter support according to the present invention, comprising a central portion comprising only circularly shaped channels Ci along said section plane and peripheral channels.
- the channel B having a section identical to that of the channels Ci and channels A of larger hydraulic diameter, having a flared (ovoid) shape, drop-shaped and whose end of larger dimension is oriented towards the center of the filter.
- Such a configuration has proved particularly advantageous for maximizing the filtration area while preserving a wall thickness between channels A and B sufficient to maximize the permeate flow rate and to obtain an acceptable ratio of the average thickness of the membranes, such as measured respectively on the A channels and the B channels.
- Example 4 Art (according to (according to (Comparative Example 1 the invention) the invention)
- Dh ratio Dh A / Dh B 0.62 1.20 1.28 / 1.38 1.28 / 1.38 / 1.41
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (9)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| BR112016027032-0A BR112016027032B1 (pt) | 2014-05-22 | 2015-05-21 | Filtro tangencial com um elemento de apoio incluindo um conjunto de canais |
| CN201580026432.2A CN106457086A (zh) | 2014-05-22 | 2015-05-21 | 具有包括一套通道的支撑元件的切线过滤器 |
| JP2016568930A JP6636951B2 (ja) | 2014-05-22 | 2015-05-21 | 一組の流路を含む支持要素を有するタンジェンシャルフィルタ |
| EP15732318.9A EP3145626B1 (fr) | 2014-05-22 | 2015-05-21 | Filtre tangentiel avec un element support comprenant un ensemble de canaux |
| CN202210458627.6A CN114984761A (zh) | 2014-05-22 | 2015-05-21 | 具有包括一套通道的支撑元件的切线过滤器 |
| DK15732318.9T DK3145626T3 (da) | 2014-05-22 | 2015-05-21 | Tangentialfilter med et understøtningselement, der indbefatter et sæt kanaler |
| US15/312,997 US10245561B2 (en) | 2014-05-22 | 2015-05-21 | Tangential filter with a supporting element including a set of channels |
| CA2947124A CA2947124C (fr) | 2014-05-22 | 2015-05-21 | Filtre tangentiel avec un element support comprenant un ensemble de canaux |
| KR1020167032279A KR102358966B1 (ko) | 2014-05-22 | 2015-05-21 | 일련의 채널을 포함하는 지지 부재를 갖는 탄젠셜 필터 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1454637 | 2014-05-22 | ||
| FR1454637A FR3021231B1 (fr) | 2014-05-22 | 2014-05-22 | Filtres tangentiels |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2015177476A1 true WO2015177476A1 (fr) | 2015-11-26 |
Family
ID=51417433
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR2015/051342 Ceased WO2015177476A1 (fr) | 2014-05-22 | 2015-05-21 | Filtre tangentiel avec un élément support comprenant un ensemble de canaux |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US10245561B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP3145626B1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP6636951B2 (fr) |
| KR (1) | KR102358966B1 (fr) |
| CN (2) | CN114984761A (fr) |
| BR (1) | BR112016027032B1 (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2947124C (fr) |
| DK (1) | DK3145626T3 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3021231B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2015177476A1 (fr) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2017103473A1 (fr) * | 2015-12-18 | 2017-06-22 | Saint-Gobain Centre De Recherches Et D'etudes Europeen | Filtre monolithique |
| FR3074060A1 (fr) * | 2017-11-30 | 2019-05-31 | Saint-Gobain Centre De Recherches Et D'etudes Europeen | Structure filtrante membranaire monolithique |
| EP3630339A1 (fr) * | 2017-05-31 | 2020-04-08 | Saint-Gobain Centre De Recherches Et D'etudes Europeen | Structure filtrante monolitique a membrane |
| US11697095B2 (en) * | 2016-12-21 | 2023-07-11 | Technologies Avancees Et Membranes Industrielles | Tangential flow separation element incorporating flexuous channels |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102014211395B3 (de) * | 2014-06-13 | 2015-06-25 | Danfoss Power Solutions Gmbh & Co. Ohg | Hydraulikflüssigkeitssiebelement |
| CN115957630A (zh) * | 2021-10-12 | 2023-04-14 | 三达膜科技(厦门)有限公司 | 一种多通道管式陶瓷膜支撑体 |
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| EP0686424A1 (fr) | 1994-06-08 | 1995-12-13 | T.A.M.I. Industries | Elément inorganique multicanal pour la filtration d'un fluide |
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| FR2958288B1 (fr) * | 2010-04-01 | 2012-10-05 | Saint Gobain Ct Recherches | Materiau a pores tubulaires |
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2014
- 2014-05-22 FR FR1454637A patent/FR3021231B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2015
- 2015-05-21 CN CN202210458627.6A patent/CN114984761A/zh active Pending
- 2015-05-21 JP JP2016568930A patent/JP6636951B2/ja active Active
- 2015-05-21 US US15/312,997 patent/US10245561B2/en active Active
- 2015-05-21 CN CN201580026432.2A patent/CN106457086A/zh active Pending
- 2015-05-21 BR BR112016027032-0A patent/BR112016027032B1/pt active IP Right Grant
- 2015-05-21 CA CA2947124A patent/CA2947124C/fr active Active
- 2015-05-21 DK DK15732318.9T patent/DK3145626T3/da active
- 2015-05-21 EP EP15732318.9A patent/EP3145626B1/fr active Active
- 2015-05-21 WO PCT/FR2015/051342 patent/WO2015177476A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2015-05-21 KR KR1020167032279A patent/KR102358966B1/ko active Active
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| US5454947A (en) | 1991-10-16 | 1995-10-03 | Cerasiv Gmbh Innovatives Keramik-Engineering | Ceramic filter element for tangential flow filtration of liquids and gases |
| EP0686424A1 (fr) | 1994-06-08 | 1995-12-13 | T.A.M.I. Industries | Elément inorganique multicanal pour la filtration d'un fluide |
| EP0778073A1 (fr) | 1995-12-05 | 1997-06-11 | T.A.M.I. Industries | Elément tubulaire inorganique de filtration présentant une surface de filtration et une résistance mécanique accrues |
| EP0778074A2 (fr) | 1995-12-05 | 1997-06-11 | T.A.M.I. Industries | Elément tubulaire inorganique de filtration comportant des canaux de section non circulaire présentant des profils optimisés |
| EP0780148A1 (fr) | 1995-12-20 | 1997-06-25 | Corning Incorporated | Dispositif de filtration ou de membrane avec des parois avec épaisseur augmentante |
| US6077436A (en) * | 1997-01-06 | 2000-06-20 | Corning Incorporated | Device for altering a feed stock and method for using same |
| WO2000029098A1 (fr) | 1998-11-18 | 2000-05-25 | Orelis | Support monolithe poreux d'un element de filtration et element de filtration |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2017103473A1 (fr) * | 2015-12-18 | 2017-06-22 | Saint-Gobain Centre De Recherches Et D'etudes Europeen | Filtre monolithique |
| FR3045398A1 (fr) * | 2015-12-18 | 2017-06-23 | Saint-Gobain Centre De Rech Et D'Etudes Europeen | Filtre monolithique |
| US11697095B2 (en) * | 2016-12-21 | 2023-07-11 | Technologies Avancees Et Membranes Industrielles | Tangential flow separation element incorporating flexuous channels |
| EP3630339A1 (fr) * | 2017-05-31 | 2020-04-08 | Saint-Gobain Centre De Recherches Et D'etudes Europeen | Structure filtrante monolitique a membrane |
| FR3074060A1 (fr) * | 2017-11-30 | 2019-05-31 | Saint-Gobain Centre De Recherches Et D'etudes Europeen | Structure filtrante membranaire monolithique |
| WO2019106306A1 (fr) * | 2017-11-30 | 2019-06-06 | Saint-Gobain Centre De Recherches Et D'etudes Europeen | Structure filtrante membranaire monolithique |
| JP2021504128A (ja) * | 2017-11-30 | 2021-02-15 | サン−ゴバン サントル ドゥ ルシェルシェ エ デトゥードゥ ユーロペン | 一体型メンブレンフィルター構造体 |
| JP7084997B2 (ja) | 2017-11-30 | 2022-06-15 | サン-ゴバン サントル ドゥ ルシェルシェ エ デトゥードゥ ユーロペン | 一体型メンブレンフィルター構造体 |
| US11628404B2 (en) | 2017-11-30 | 2023-04-18 | Saint-Gobain Centre De Recherches Et D'etudes Europeen | Monolithic membrane filtration structure |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2947124A1 (fr) | 2015-11-26 |
| KR20170005817A (ko) | 2017-01-16 |
| FR3021231B1 (fr) | 2018-02-16 |
| JP2017521235A (ja) | 2017-08-03 |
| EP3145626A1 (fr) | 2017-03-29 |
| DK3145626T3 (da) | 2020-11-16 |
| EP3145626B1 (fr) | 2020-08-19 |
| US20170182468A1 (en) | 2017-06-29 |
| BR112016027032A2 (fr) | 2017-08-15 |
| FR3021231A1 (fr) | 2015-11-27 |
| BR112016027032B1 (pt) | 2022-02-15 |
| US10245561B2 (en) | 2019-04-02 |
| CA2947124C (fr) | 2022-10-25 |
| JP6636951B2 (ja) | 2020-01-29 |
| KR102358966B1 (ko) | 2022-02-08 |
| CN114984761A (zh) | 2022-09-02 |
| CN106457086A (zh) | 2017-02-22 |
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