WO2015180188A1 - 同步方法、同步装置和基站 - Google Patents

同步方法、同步装置和基站 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015180188A1
WO2015180188A1 PCT/CN2014/079021 CN2014079021W WO2015180188A1 WO 2015180188 A1 WO2015180188 A1 WO 2015180188A1 CN 2014079021 W CN2014079021 W CN 2014079021W WO 2015180188 A1 WO2015180188 A1 WO 2015180188A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
base station
synchronized
synchronization
timing
determining
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
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PCT/CN2014/079021
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
储育红
张志东
胡军
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Huawei Technologies Co Ltd filed Critical Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Priority to EP14893105.8A priority Critical patent/EP3142430B1/en
Priority to CN201480028961.1A priority patent/CN105325037A/zh
Priority to KR1020167036358A priority patent/KR101893441B1/ko
Priority to JP2017514755A priority patent/JP6384697B2/ja
Priority to PCT/CN2014/079021 priority patent/WO2015180188A1/zh
Publication of WO2015180188A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015180188A1/zh
Priority to US15/363,299 priority patent/US10064147B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W56/00—Synchronisation arrangements
    • H04W56/001—Synchronization between nodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0048—Allocation of pilot signals, i.e. of signals known to the receiver
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
    • H04W24/10—Scheduling measurement reports ; Arrangements for measurement reports
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W56/00—Synchronisation arrangements
    • H04W56/001—Synchronization between nodes
    • H04W56/0015—Synchronization between nodes one node acting as a reference for the others
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W56/00—Synchronisation arrangements
    • H04W56/004—Synchronisation arrangements compensating for timing error of reception due to propagation delay
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W56/00—Synchronisation arrangements
    • H04W56/004—Synchronisation arrangements compensating for timing error of reception due to propagation delay
    • H04W56/0045—Synchronisation arrangements compensating for timing error of reception due to propagation delay compensating for timing error by altering transmission time
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W56/00—Synchronisation arrangements
    • H04W56/0055—Synchronisation arrangements determining timing error of reception due to propagation delay
    • H04W56/0065—Synchronisation arrangements determining timing error of reception due to propagation delay using measurement of signal travel time
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/08—Access point devices

Definitions

  • Synchronization method Synchronization method, synchronization device and base station
  • the present invention relates to the field of communications and, more particularly, to a synchronization method, a synchronization apparatus, and a base station. Background technique
  • the quality of synchronization between base stations directly affects the quality of wireless communication services.
  • the quality of synchronization between base stations directly affects the quality of wireless communication services.
  • the synchronization of the network while taking care of the base station extends the good synchronization performance to the end of the network to improve the overall operational performance of the network.
  • synchronization is very necessary and important.
  • the strict frame number and frame timing are required between the base stations of the time division system. Otherwise, mutual interference will occur, which will affect the normal operation of the service.
  • some basic services do not require strict frame number and frame timing synchronization between base stations, but the frequency division system needs to support, for example, Evolved Multimedia Broadcast and Multicast Service (eMBMS), centralized scheduling power.
  • eMBMS Evolved Multimedia Broadcast and Multicast Service
  • CSPC Central Scheduling Power Control
  • strict synchronization between frame numbers and frame timings between base stations is also required.
  • the main technical solution for achieving strict synchronization between wireless base stations is to use the Global Positioning System (GPS) timing scheme, that is, each base station installs a GPS timing receiver, and receives the timing from the satellite for clock synchronization of the base station. . Since the time reference of the output of the different GPS timing receivers is strictly synchronized, it is convenient to synchronize the frame timing and the frame number between the base stations.
  • GPS Global Positioning System
  • CDMA Global Code Division Multiple Access
  • TD-SCDMA Time Division-Synchronization Code Division Multiple Access
  • LTE- TDD Long Term Evolution-Time Division Duplex
  • base station clock synchronization of wireless networks such as Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WIMAX) is basically based on GPS as the timing reference for base stations.
  • GPS timing scheme can be implemented well. Strict phase synchronization requirements between base stations, but GPS time-based material costs are high, engineering installation is difficult, fault maintenance costs are high, and safety and reliability are low. Similarly, other Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) such as GLONASS, GALILEO, BAIDU and other systems for the base The same problem exists in the station. Summary of the invention
  • the embodiment of the invention provides a synchronization method, a synchronization device and a base station, which can achieve strict synchronization between base stations with low cost and high security and reliability.
  • a synchronization method including: determining a reference user equipment UE, wherein the reference UE is capable of simultaneously communicating with a reference base station and a base station to be synchronized, where the reference base station and the to-be-synchronized base station have completed Synchronizing the frequency of the same clock reference source; determining a timing offset between the base station to be synchronized and the reference station according to the timing at which the reference base station and the base station to be synchronized receive the synchronization reference signal sent by the reference UE; The timing offset calibrates the base station to be synchronized, so that the base station to be synchronized completes synchronization of a frame number and a frame timing with respect to the reference base station.
  • the method further includes: receiving a time T1 that the reference base station sends the synchronization reference signal, where the time base T1 is based on the current reference base station Receiving, by the frame number and the frame timing, the relative time when the reference base station receives the synchronization reference signal; and receiving the time ⁇ 2 of the synchronization base station that is sent by the to-be-synchronized base station to receive the synchronization reference signal, where The time ⁇ 2 is to determine, according to the current frame number and the frame timing of the to-be-synchronized base station, a relative moment at which the to-be-synchronized base station receives the synchronization reference signal.
  • the method further includes: determining a loop round-trip delay RTD measurement result TA1 of the reference UE and the reference base station; and determining the reference UE and the RTD measurement result of the base station to be synchronized ⁇ 2;
  • the measurement result TA1 and the measurement result TA2 determine a deviation TA1-TA2 caused by a distance difference between the reference UE and the reference base station and the to-be-synchronized base station.
  • the timing deviation between the base station to be synchronized and the reference station includes: determining, between the reference base station and the base station to be synchronized, according to the relative time T1 and the relative time T2 and the deviation TA1-TA2
  • the timing deviation ⁇ T T1 - T2 - (TA1 - TA2).
  • the method before the determining the reference user equipment UE, the method further includes: determining at least one synchronization packet, where each of the at least one synchronization packet The synchronization packets include at least two base stations; the reference base station and the to-be-synchronized base station are determined among at least two base stations included in each of the synchronization packets.
  • the at least two included in each synchronization packet Determining the reference base station and the to-be-synchronized base station in the base station, including: determining, in the at least two base stations included in each synchronization packet, a base station capable of receiving global positioning system GPS grant as a reference base station, where each synchronization The frame number of the reference base station of the packet is synchronized with the frame timing and GPS.
  • the method further includes: periodically determining, when the service is idle The timing deviation between the reference base station and the to-be-synchronized base station; when the timing offset is greater than the first threshold and less than the second threshold, the reference base station and the to-be-synchronized base station are the same The clock reference source performs frequency synchronization; or when the timing offset is greater than the second threshold, the base station to be synchronized is calibrated according to the timing offset, so that the to-be-synchronized base station completes a frame relative to the reference base station The number is synchronized with the frame timing.
  • the method further includes: detecting the reference base station or Resetting the timing offset when the base station to be synchronized restarts, so that the base station to be synchronized performs calibration on the base station to be synchronized according to the re-determined timing offset, so that the base station to be synchronized completes relative to the reference The frame number of the base station is synchronized with the frame timing.
  • the synchronization reference signal that is sent by the reference UE includes at least one of the following: a physical random access channel PRACH; sounding reference signal SRS; demodulation reference signal DMRS.
  • the reference base station and the to-be-synchronized base station are synchronized by using a synchronous Ethernet or a time division multiplexing TDM synchronization network.
  • a synchronization apparatus including: a first determining unit, configured to determine a reference user equipment UE, wherein the reference UE is capable of simultaneously communicating with a reference base station and a base station to be synchronized, the reference base station and the The base station to be synchronized has completed the frequency synchronization with respect to the same clock reference source; the second determining unit is configured to determine, according to the time when the reference base station and the to-be-synchronized base station receive the synchronization reference signal sent by the reference UE a timing offset between the synchronization base station and the reference station; a synchronization calibration unit, configured to calibrate the to-be-synchronized base station according to the timing offset, so that the to-be-synchronized base station completes a frame number relative to the reference base station Synchronized with frame timing.
  • the device further includes: a receiving unit, where the receiving unit is configured to: receive, by the reference base station, the reference base station to receive the synchronization reference signal Time T1, wherein the time T1 is a relative time at which the reference base station receives the synchronization reference signal determined based on a current frame number and a frame timing of the reference base station; and receiving the A time ⁇ 2 at which the synchronization base station receives the synchronization reference signal, where the time ⁇ 2 is a relative time at which the to-be-synchronized base station receives the synchronization reference signal based on a current frame number and a frame timing of the to-be-synchronized base station.
  • the second determining unit is further configured to: determine a loop round-trip delay RTD measurement of the reference UE and the reference base station a result of determining an RTD measurement result ⁇ 2 of the reference UE and the base station to be synchronized; determining, according to the measurement result TA1 and the measurement result ⁇ 2, the reference UE and the reference base station and the base station to be synchronized The deviation caused by the difference between the distances ⁇ 1- ⁇ 2.
  • the first determining unit is further configured to: determine at least one synchronization packet, where each synchronization in the at least one synchronization packet The packet includes at least two base stations; the reference base station and the to-be-synchronized base station are determined among at least two base stations included in each of the synchronization packets.
  • the first determining unit is specifically configured to: Among the at least two base stations included in the synchronization packet, the base station that is capable of receiving the global positioning system GPS grant is determined as the reference base station, wherein the frame number of the reference base station of each synchronization packet is synchronized with the frame timing and the GPS.
  • the synchronization calibration unit is further configured to: periodically determine, by using the second determining unit, the reference base station when the service is idle The timing deviation from the base station to be synchronized; when the timing offset is greater than the first threshold and less than the second threshold, the reference base station and the to-be-synchronized base station are performed with respect to the same clock reference source Frequency synchronization; or, when the timing offset is greater than the second threshold, calibrating the to-be-synchronized base station according to the timing offset, so that the to-be-synchronized base station completes frame number and frame timing with respect to the reference base station Synchronize.
  • the synchronization calibration unit is further configured to: when detecting that the reference base station or the to-be-synchronized base station is restarted, The second determining unit re-determines the timing offset, and calibrates the to-be-synchronized base station according to the re-determined timing offset, so that the to-be-synchronized base station completes frame number and frame timing synchronization with respect to the reference base station.
  • the synchronization reference signal that is sent by the reference UE includes at least one of the following: a physical random access channel PRACH; a sounding reference signal SRS ; Demodulation reference signal DMRS.
  • the reference base station and the to-be-synchronized base station are synchronized by using a synchronous Ethernet or a time division multiplexing TDM synchronization network.
  • a base station including the above synchronization device.
  • the base station that needs to perform synchronization first performs frequency synchronization with the same clock reference source, and determines the reference base station in the base station that needs to be synchronized, and determines the relative timing of the synchronization reference signal sent by the reference UE by the base station to be synchronized and the reference base station.
  • the frame base number and the frame timing of the base station to be synchronized with the reference base station are synchronously calibrated according to the timing deviation, so that strict synchronization between the base station with lower cost and high reliability and reliability can be realized.
  • 1 is a network architecture diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a synchronization method in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of frequency synchronization between base stations according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of synchronization of a frame number between a base station and a frame timing according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a network architecture diagram of another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic block diagram of a synchronization device in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic block diagram of a base station in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic block diagram of a synchronization device in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic block diagram of a base station according to another embodiment of the present invention. detailed description
  • GSM Global System of Mobile Communication
  • CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
  • WCDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
  • GPRS General Packet Radio Service
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • UE User Equipment
  • Mobile terminal Mobile
  • Radio Access Network e.g. RAN, Radio Access Network
  • core networks which may be mobile terminals, such as mobile phones (or “cellular" phones) and computers with mobile terminals, for example, portable, pocket, handheld, Computer built-in or in-vehicle mobile devices that exchange language and/or data with a wireless access network.
  • the base station may be a base station (BTS, Base Transceiver Station) in GSM or CDMA, or may be a base station (NodeB) in WCDMA, or may be an evolved base station (eNB or e-NodeB, evolutional Node B) in LTE.
  • BTS Base Transceiver Station
  • NodeB base station
  • eNB evolved base station
  • e-NodeB evolutional Node B
  • Synchronization mainly includes system clock synchronization and frame synchronization, wherein system clock synchronization refers to synchronization (bit timing) of internal running clocks of all devices, and frame synchronization refers to synchronization of frame signals for communication between base stations (frame timing synchronization).
  • system clock synchronization refers to synchronization (bit timing) of internal running clocks of all devices
  • frame synchronization refers to synchronization of frame signals for communication between base stations (frame timing synchronization).
  • the frequency is synchronized, and there is no relative phase drift between the two base stations.
  • the timing relationship between the two base stations is still random, that is, the frame number and the frame timing. It has deviation but remains stable. That is to say, in order to complete the strict synchronization between the base stations, it is necessary to ensure that the starting phases of the base station frames are consistent on the basis of completing the clock synchronization.
  • Figure 1 is a network architecture diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 1 shows a mobile communication network that requires inter-base station synchronization.
  • the mobile communication system for performing inter-base station synchronization may be GSM, CDMA,
  • FIG. 1 shows three base stations BTS1, BTS2 and BTS3, which need to be synchronized, wherein the base station can be a BTS in GSM or CDMA, a NodeB in WCDMA, or an eNB or an e-NodeB in LTE.
  • the base station can be a BTS in GSM or CDMA, a NodeB in WCDMA, or an eNB or an e-NodeB in LTE.
  • the invention is not limited.
  • a line clock 101 a network management node 102, a synchronization device 103, an Evolved Packet Core (EPC) 104, and the like are also shown, and the respective network nodes and devices are connected through a transmission network.
  • the synchronization device 103 can be deployed as a separate device, or can be deployed as a logic module on the network management node 102, the EPC 104, or any base station. It should be understood that the above is merely an example for convenience of description, and network nodes, base stations, and devices in the communication network are not limited to the above types and numbers.
  • the synchronization process may be initiated by the synchronization device 103, or may be initiated by the upper-layer network element such as the network management node 102, or initiated by the base station that needs to synchronize.
  • the synchronizing means 103 may determine a reference base station among the base stations requiring synchronization, for example, determining the BTS 2 as the reference base station.
  • the BTS1 and the BTS3, which are the base stations to be synchronized can perform synchronization with the reference base station BTS2, specifically, BTS1 and BTS2, for example, can be determined by the synchronization device 103 to be in the BTS1 and BTS2 switching areas.
  • the UE is used as a reference UE.
  • the reference UE is used to measure the frame number and frame timing offset between BTS1 and BTS2 and the frame number and frame timing of the base station BTS2 are synchronized. Then, the BTS1 that completes the synchronization can be used as the reference base station for synchronization of the next base station to be synchronized.
  • the synchronizing device 103 can periodically initiate the timing offset measurement between the stations, and when the inter-station timing deviation exceeds the specified range, the base station is recalibrated.
  • FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a synchronization method in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the method of Figure 2 can be performed by a base station or by a synchronization device.
  • 201 Determine a reference user equipment UE, where the reference UE can simultaneously communicate with the reference base station and the to-be-synchronized base station, and the reference base station and the to-be-synchronized base station have completed frequency synchronization with respect to the same clock reference source.
  • the base station that needs to perform synchronization first performs frequency synchronization with the same clock reference source, and determines the reference base station in the base station that needs to be synchronized, and determines the relative timing of the synchronization reference signal sent by the reference UE by the base station to be synchronized and the reference base station. Timing deviation between the base station to be synchronized and the reference base station, and synchronously calibrating the frame number and the frame timing of the base station to be synchronized with the reference base station according to the timing deviation, thereby enabling no network-wide protocol support, low cost, security and Strict synchronization between base stations with higher reliability.
  • the embodiment of the present invention may be implemented by a synchronization device, where the synchronization device may be deployed as a separate device, or may be deployed as a logic module on a network management node, an EPC, or a base station.
  • the synchronization means can be used to determine the size of the coordination area, i.e., to determine which base stations need to be strictly synchronized with the frame number and frame timing, and can be used to determine a base station within the coordination area as the synchronized reference base station.
  • Each base station that needs to be synchronized can be synchronized to the same clock reference source to achieve mutual frequency. Synchronize.
  • the line clock reference source can use a Building Integrated Timing System (BITS). Then, the frame number between the base stations and the frame timing need to be synchronized.
  • BITS Building Integrated Timing System
  • the reference UE may be determined by the synchronization device or by the reference base station or the base station to be synchronized participating in the synchronization.
  • the UE of the handover area capable of simultaneously communicating with the reference base station and the base station to be synchronized is determined by the synchronization apparatus as the reference UE.
  • the method further includes: receiving, by the reference base station, a time T1 at which the reference base station receives the synchronization reference signal, where the time T1 is a reference base station determined based on a current frame number and a frame timing of the reference base station.
  • the reference base station and the to-be-synchronized base station may receive the synchronization reference signal sent by the reference UE, and specifically, may be an uplink access signal of the UE.
  • the reference base station and the base station to be synchronized determine the exact times T1 and ⁇ 2 of the uplink access signals received by the UE based on their frame numbers and frame timing references, respectively.
  • the latter two base stations can respectively send T1 and ⁇ 2 to the synchronizing device, and the synchronizing device performs the next processing. It should be understood that the time determined by the T1 base station relative to its own time axis, i.e., relative time, is also the relative time.
  • the synchronization reference signal sent by the reference UE includes, but is not limited to, at least one of the following: a physical random access channel (PRACH); a sounding reference signal SRS; and a demodulation reference signal DMRS.
  • PRACH physical random access channel
  • SRS sounding reference signal
  • DMRS demodulation reference signal
  • a timing offset ⁇ ⁇ T1 - T2 between the reference base station and the base station to be synchronized according to the relative time T1 and the relative time T2.
  • the method further includes: determining a loop round-trip delay RTD measurement result TA1 of the reference UE and the reference base station; and determining an RTD measurement result ⁇ 2 of the reference UE and the base station to be synchronized; according to the measurement result TA1 and measurement result ⁇ 2 determine the deviation ⁇ 1- ⁇ 2 caused by the difference in distance between the reference UE and the base station to be synchronized and the base station to be synchronized.
  • the reference base station and the to-be-synchronized base station may perform RTD measurement with the reference UE respectively, and obtain a timing offset (TA1-TA2) introduced by the reference UE to the air interface distance between the two base stations.
  • the base station to be synchronized can adjust its own frame number and frame timing according to the timing offset ⁇ ⁇ to achieve synchronization with the frame number and frame timing of the reference base station.
  • the method before determining the reference user equipment UE, the method further includes: determining at least one synchronization packet, where each synchronization packet in the at least one synchronization packet includes at least two base stations; The reference base station and the base station to be synchronized are determined among the two base stations.
  • the synchronization device may divide the base station in the coordination area that needs to be synchronized into one or more synchronization packets, and determine one base station as the reference base station among each synchronization packet, so that the coordination area is large, and when there are many base stations that need to be synchronized, the base station is accelerated. Strict synchronization process.
  • the at least one synchronization packet when the at least one synchronization packet includes multiple synchronization packets, determining the reference base station and the to-be-synchronized base station in the at least two base stations included in each synchronization packet, including: included in each synchronization packet
  • the base station that is capable of receiving the GPS positioning time of the at least two base stations is the reference base station, wherein the frame number of the reference base station of each synchronization packet is synchronized with the frame timing and the GPS.
  • each reference base station can be synchronized to the GPS clock source first. That is to say, when determining the reference base station, the synchronization device needs to determine the base station capable of accepting GPS timing as the reference base station. After the strict synchronization is completed by each of the reference base stations, the base stations to be synchronized among the respective synchronization groups are respectively synchronized with the reference base stations of the respective packets.
  • the method further includes: periodically determining a timing offset between the reference base station and the base station to be synchronized; and when the timing deviation is greater than the first threshold and less than the second threshold, the reference base station is caused Synchronizing with the same clock reference source relative to the base station to be synchronized; or when the timing deviation is greater than the second threshold, calibrating the base station to be synchronized according to the timing offset, so that the base station to be synchronized completes the frame number and frame timing with respect to the reference base station Synchronize.
  • the measurement of the inter-base station timing offset that the UE participates in may be periodically started, and other base stations except the reference base station may determine whether to calibrate its own frame number and frame timing according to the measurement result.
  • the periodic measurement of the timing offset can be performed during the relatively idle period of the base station service to minimize the impact on the service.
  • the cycle detection is mainly to improve the reliability and robustness of the system.
  • different processing measures can be used according to the detected timing deviation. If the phase deviation is less than the first threshold, no calibration is performed. If the phase deviation threshold is the first threshold, less than the second threshold, then the frequency offset is used to adjust the phase deviation. When the value is greater than the second threshold, the phase is directly adjusted.
  • the case of being equal to the second threshold may be preset to frequency modulation or phase modulation by the synchronization device or the base station.
  • the method further includes: when detecting the restart of the base station or the base station to be synchronized, re-determining the timing offset, so that the base station to be synchronized performs calibration on the base station according to the re-determined timing deviation, So that the base station to be synchronized completes the frame number and frame timing synchronization with respect to the reference base station.
  • the reference base station and the to-be-synchronized base station are synchronized to the TDM synchronization network through synchronous Ethernet or time division multiplexing.
  • the base station that needs to perform synchronization first performs frequency synchronization with the same clock reference source, and determines the reference base station in the base station that needs to be synchronized, and determines the relative timing of the synchronization reference signal sent by the reference UE by the base station to be synchronized and the reference base station. Timing deviation between the base station to be synchronized and the reference base station, and synchronously calibrating the frame number and the frame timing of the base station to be synchronized with the reference base station according to the timing deviation, thereby enabling no network-wide protocol support, low cost, security and Strict synchronization between base stations with higher reliability.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of frequency synchronization between base stations according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 shows the frame timing difference between the two base stations before frequency synchronization and the frame timing difference after frequency synchronization.
  • the system clocks of the two base stations BTS1 and BTS2 that do not perform inter-base station frequency synchronization operate at fl and f2, respectively, where fl ⁇ f2, as shown in the upper part of FIG. 3, at which time the frame numbers of BTS1 and BTS2 are independent of frame timing. , and the clock drift speed of BTS1 and BTS2 will be different because of fl ⁇ f2.
  • the two base stations are synchronized to the same clock reference source to achieve frequency synchronization with each other.
  • Figure 4 shows the frame phase relationship of the two base stations after the completion of the frame number and frame timing synchronization.
  • BTS1 is the base station to be synchronized
  • BTS2 is the reference base station
  • the phase relationship after BTS1 and BTS2 complete frequency synchronization is shown in the lower part of FIG.
  • the frame number relative to the BTS 2 is synchronized with the frame timing, as shown in FIG. 4 .
  • FIG. 5 is a network architecture diagram of another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 shows six base stations BTS1, BTS2 and BTS3, BTSx, BTSy and BTSz, which need to be synchronized, wherein the base station can be a BTS in GSM or CDMA, a NodeB in WCDMA, or a LTE.
  • the eNB or the e-NodeB is not limited in the present invention.
  • a line clock 501, a network management node 502, a synchronization device 503, an Evolved Packet Core (EPC) 504, and the like are also shown, and the respective network nodes and devices are connected through a transmission network.
  • the synchronization device 503 can be deployed as a separate device, or can be deployed as a logic module on the network management node 502, the EPC 504, or any base station. It should be understood that the above is merely an example for convenience of description, and network nodes, base stations, and devices in the communication network are not limited to the above types and numbers.
  • the larger coordination area may be divided into several smaller coordination areas, that is, The base stations BTS1, BTS2, BTS3, BTSx, BTSy, BTSz, etc., which need to be synchronized, are divided into a plurality of synchronization packets. For example, BTS1, BTS2, and BTS3 are divided into one synchronous partition, and BTSx, BTSy, and BTSz are divided into another synchronous packet.
  • the synchronization device When there are multiple synchronization packets, the synchronization device needs to determine one base station as the reference base station among each synchronization packet, for example, determine BTS2 as the reference base station in BTS1, BTS2, and BTS3, and determine BTSy as the reference base station in BTSx, BTSy, and BTSz. Since the reference base stations in each synchronization packet need strict synchronization, but the synchronization packets are often separated from each other, the reference base stations can be synchronized to the GPS clock source first. That is to say, when the synchronization apparatus determines the base station, it is necessary to determine the base station capable of receiving GPS timing as the reference base station.
  • the synchronization device 503 can determine a reference base station among the base stations that need to be synchronized. For example, BTS2 capable of accepting GPS timing is determined as a reference base station. When the frame number and the frame timing are synchronized, the BTS1 and the BTS3, which are the base stations to be synchronized, can perform synchronization with the reference base station BTS2, respectively. Specifically, taking BTS1 and BTS2 as an example, the synchronization device 503 can determine that the BTS1 and BTS2 switching areas are located.
  • the UE is used as a reference UE.
  • the reference UE is used to measure the frame number and frame timing offset between BTS1 and BTS2 and the frame number and frame timing of the base station BTS2 are synchronized. Then, the BTS1 that completes the synchronization can be used as the reference base station for synchronization of the next base station to be synchronized.
  • the frame numbers of other synchronization packets are similar to the frame timing synchronization, and are not described here.
  • the synchronizing device 503 can also periodically initiate the timing offset measurement between the stations.
  • the base station is recalibrated. Or, when the base station is restarted, recalibration can be performed in the synchronization packet in which the base station is located.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic block diagram of a synchronization device in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • the synchronizing device 60 of Fig. 6 includes a first determining unit 61, a second determining unit 62, and a synchronizing unit 63.
  • the first determining unit 61 determines the reference user equipment UE, wherein the reference UE can simultaneously communicate with the reference base station and the base station to be synchronized, and the reference base station and the base station to be synchronized have completed frequency synchronization with respect to the same clock reference source.
  • the second determining unit 62 determines a timing offset between the base station to be synchronized and the reference station according to the timing at which the reference base station and the base station to be synchronized receive the synchronization reference signal transmitted by the reference UE.
  • the synchronization calibration unit 63 calibrates the base station to be synchronized according to the timing offset so that the base station to be synchronized completes the frame number and frame timing synchronization with respect to the reference base station.
  • the synchronization device 60 of the embodiment of the present invention determines the reference base station in the base station that needs to be synchronized, and determines the timing deviation between the base station to be synchronized and the reference base station by the relative time when the base station to be synchronized and the reference base station receive the synchronization reference signal sent by the reference UE. And performing synchronous calibration on the frame number and the frame timing of the base station to be compared with the reference base station according to the timing deviation, thereby enabling strict synchronization between base stations without lower network protocol support, lower cost, and higher security and reliability.
  • the synchronization device 60 can be deployed independently as a separate device, or can be deployed as a logic module on a network management node, an EPC, or a base station.
  • the synchronization device 60 can be used to determine the size of the coordination area, i.e., determine which base stations need to perform strict synchronization of the frame number and frame timing, and can be used to determine a base station within the coordination area as the synchronized reference base station.
  • Each base station that needs to be synchronized can be synchronized to the same clock reference source to achieve frequency synchronization with each other.
  • the line clock reference source can use a Building Integrated Timing System (BITS). Then, the frame number between the base stations and the frame timing need to be synchronized.
  • BIOS Building Integrated Timing System
  • the synchronization device 60 may further determine the reference UE by using the first determining unit 61.
  • the UE that can simultaneously communicate with the reference base station and the base station to be synchronized is determined by the synchronization device as the reference UE.
  • the device 60 further includes a receiving unit, configured to: receive a time T1 at which the reference base station sent by the reference base station receives the synchronization reference signal, where the time T1 is a current frame number and a frame based on the reference base station.
  • a receiving unit configured to: receive a time T1 at which the reference base station sent by the reference base station receives the synchronization reference signal, where the time T1 is a current frame number and a frame based on the reference base station.
  • the reference base station and the to-be-synchronized base station may receive the synchronization reference signal sent by the reference UE, and specifically, may be an uplink access signal of the UE.
  • the reference base station and the base station to be synchronized determine the exact times T1 and ⁇ 2 of the uplink access signal received by the UE based on the frame number of the frame and the frame timing reference, respectively.
  • the latter two base stations can respectively send T1 and ⁇ 2 to the synchronizing device 60, and the synchronizing device 60 performs the next processing.
  • the time determined by the T1 base station relative to its own time axis, i.e., the relative time is also the same time.
  • the synchronization reference signal sent by the reference UE includes, but is not limited to, at least one of the following: a physical random access channel (PRACH); a sounding reference signal SRS; and a demodulation reference signal DMRS.
  • PRACH physical random access channel
  • SRS sounding reference signal
  • DMRS demodulation reference
  • the second determining unit 62 is specifically configured to: according to the relative moment
  • the base station to be synchronized can adjust its own frame number and frame timing according to the timing offset ⁇ ⁇ to achieve synchronization with the frame number and frame timing of the reference base station.
  • the second determining unit 62 is further configured to: determine a loop round-trip delay RTD measurement result TA1 of the reference UE and the reference base station; and determine an RTD measurement result ⁇ 2 of the reference UE and the base station to be synchronized;
  • the reference base station and the to-be-synchronized base station may perform RTD measurement with the reference UE respectively, and obtain a timing offset (TA1-TA2) introduced by the reference UE to the air interface distance between the two base stations.
  • ⁇ T T1-T2- (TA1-TA2).
  • TA1-TA2 a timing deviation between the reference base station and the base station to be synchronized
  • the first determining unit 61 is further configured to: determine at least one synchronization packet, where each synchronization packet in the at least one synchronization packet includes at least two base stations; at least two included in each synchronization packet The base station and the base station to be synchronized are determined among the base stations.
  • the first determining unit 61 is specifically configured to: determine, in the at least two base stations included in each synchronization packet, that the global positioning system GPS timing can be received.
  • the base station is a reference base station, wherein the frame number of the reference base station of each synchronization packet is synchronized with the frame timing and GPS.
  • the synchronization device needs to determine one base station as the reference base station among each synchronization packet. Since the reference base stations in each synchronization packet need strict synchronization, each synchronization packet is often far apart. Therefore, each reference base station can be synchronized to the GPS clock source first.
  • the synchronizing apparatus when determining the reference base station, the synchronizing apparatus needs to determine the base station capable of accepting the GPS timing as the reference base station. After the strict synchronization is completed by each of the reference base stations, the base stations to be synchronized among the respective synchronization packets are respectively synchronized with the reference base stations of the respective packets.
  • the synchronization calibration unit 63 is further configured to: periodically determine, by the second determining unit, a timing offset between the reference base station and the base station to be synchronized; where the timing deviation is greater than the first threshold and less than the second width The value is such that the reference base station and the base station to be synchronized are frequency-synchronized with respect to the same clock reference source; or when the timing deviation is greater than the second threshold, the base station to be synchronized is calibrated according to the timing deviation, so that the base station to be synchronized completes relative to the reference base station.
  • the frame number and frame timing are synchronized.
  • the synchronization device 60 may periodically initiate measurement of the inter-base station timing offset that the UE participates in, and other base stations other than the reference base station may determine whether to calibrate its own frame number and frame timing according to the measurement result.
  • the periodic measurement of the timing offset can be performed during the relatively idle period of the base station service to minimize the impact on the service.
  • the period detection is mainly to improve the reliability and robustness of the system. In order to minimize the impact on the service, it can be detected according to If the phase deviation is smaller than the first threshold, the calibration is not performed. If the phase deviation threshold is less than the second threshold, then the frequency modulation is used to adjust the phase deviation. When the value is greater than the second threshold, the phase is directly adjusted. Wherein, the case of being equal to the second threshold may be preset to frequency modulation or phase modulation by the synchronization device or the base station.
  • the synchronization calibration unit 63 is further configured to: when detecting that the reference base station or the base station to be synchronized restarts, re-determining the timing offset by using the second determining unit, and performing calibration on the base station to be synchronized according to the re-determined timing deviation. So that the base station to be synchronized completes the frame number and frame timing synchronization with respect to the reference base station.
  • the reference base station and the to-be-synchronized base station are synchronized to the TDM synchronization network through synchronous Ethernet or time division multiplexing.
  • the base station that needs to perform synchronization first performs frequency synchronization with the same clock reference source, and the synchronization device 60 determines the reference base station in the base station that needs to be synchronized, and receives the synchronization reference signal sent by the reference UE through the base station to be synchronized and the reference base station. Determining a timing offset between the base station to be synchronized and the reference base station according to the timing, and performing synchronous calibration on the frame number and the frame timing of the base station to be compared with the reference base station according to the timing deviation, thereby achieving the requirement that the network protocol support is not required, and the cost is low. Strict synchronization between base stations with high security and reliability.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic block diagram of a base station in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • the base station 70 shown in Fig. 7 includes the synchronizing device 60 of Fig. 6 described above.
  • the method in Figure 2 can be performed.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic block diagram of a synchronization device in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the synchronizing device 80 of Fig. 8 includes a processor 81 and a memory 82.
  • the processor 81 and the memory 82 are connected by a bus system 83.
  • the memory 82 is configured to store instructions for causing the processor 81 to: determine a reference user equipment UE, wherein the reference UE is capable of simultaneously communicating with a reference base station and a base station to be synchronized, the reference base station and the base station to be synchronized have been completed Frequency synchronization with respect to the same clock reference source; determining a timing deviation between the base station to be synchronized and the reference station according to the timing at which the reference base station and the to-be-synchronized base station receive the synchronization reference signal sent by the reference UE And calibrating the to-be-synchronized base station according to the timing deviation, so that the to-be-synchronized base station completes synchronization of a frame number and a frame timing with respect to the reference base station.
  • the base station that needs to perform synchronization first performs frequency synchronization with the same clock reference source, and the synchronization device 80 determines the reference base station in the base station that needs to be synchronized, and receives the synchronization reference signal sent by the reference UE through the base station to be synchronized and the reference base station. Determining a timing offset between the base station to be synchronized and the reference base station at a relative time, and performing a comparison with the reference base station according to the timing deviation
  • the frame number of the base station is calibrated synchronously with the frame timing, thereby enabling strict synchronization between base stations that do not require full network protocol support, low cost, and high security and reliability.
  • the synchronization device 80 can be deployed as a separate device or as a logic module deployed on a network management node, an EPC, or a base station. Synchronization means 80 can be used to determine the size of the coordination area, i.e., to determine which base stations require strict synchronization of the frame number and frame timing, and can be used to determine a base station within the coordination area as the synchronized reference base station.
  • Each base station that needs to be synchronized can be synchronized to the same clock reference source to achieve frequency synchronization with each other.
  • the line clock reference source can use a Building Integrated Timing System (BITS). Then, the frame number between the base stations and the frame timing need to be synchronized.
  • BITS Building Integrated Timing System
  • the synchronizing device 80 may further include a transmitting circuit 84, a receiving circuit 85, an antenna 86, and the like.
  • the processor 81 controls the operation of the synchronizing device 80, which may also be referred to as a CPU (Central Processing Unit).
  • Memory 82 can include read only memory and random access memory and provides instructions and data to processor 81. A portion of the memory 82 may also include non-volatile random access memory (NVRAM).
  • transmit circuitry 84 and receive circuitry 85 can be coupled to antenna 86.
  • the various components of the synchronizing device 80 are coupled together by a bus system 83, which may include, in addition to the data bus, a power bus, a control bus, and a status signal bus. However, for clarity of description, various buses are labeled as bus system 83 in the figure.
  • Processor 81 may be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capabilities. In the implementation process, each step of the above method may be completed by an integrated logic circuit of hardware in the processor 81 or an instruction in a form of software.
  • the processor 81 described above may be a general purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), an off-the-shelf programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic device, discrete hardware. Component.
  • DSP digital signal processor
  • ASIC application specific integrated circuit
  • FPGA off-the-shelf programmable gate array
  • the methods, steps, and logical block diagrams disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention may be implemented or executed.
  • the general purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor or any conventional processor or the like.
  • the steps of the method disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention may be directly implemented by the hardware decoding processor, or may be performed by a combination of hardware and software modules in the decoding processor.
  • the software modules can be located in a conventional storage medium such as random access memory, flash memory, read only memory, programmable read only memory or electrically erasable programmable memory, registers, and the like.
  • the storage medium is located in the memory 82, and the processor 81 reads the information in the memory 82 and combines the hardware to perform the steps of the above method.
  • the method further includes: receiving, by the reference base station, a time T1 at which the reference base station receives the synchronization reference signal, where the time T1 is determined based on a current frame number and a frame timing of the reference base station Receiving a relative time when the reference base station receives the synchronization reference signal; and receiving a time ⁇ 2 of the synchronization reference signal that is sent by the to-be-synchronized base station, where the time base ⁇ 2 is based on the to-be-synchronized
  • the current frame number and frame timing of the base station determine the relative timing at which the to-be-synchronized base station receives the synchronization reference signal.
  • the method further includes: determining a loop round-trip delay RTD measurement result TA1 of the reference UE and the reference base station; and determining an RTD measurement result ⁇ 2 of the reference UE and the to-be-synchronized base station; The result TA1 and the measurement result ⁇ 2 determine the deviation ⁇ 1- ⁇ 2 caused by the difference in distance between the reference UE and the base station to be synchronized.
  • the method before the determining the reference user equipment UE, the method further includes: determining at least one synchronization packet, where each synchronization packet in the at least one synchronization packet includes at least two base stations; The reference base station and the to-be-synchronized base station are determined among at least two base stations included in the synchronization packets.
  • determining, by the at least two base stations included in each synchronization packet, the reference base station and the to-be-synchronized base station includes: determining, among the at least two base stations included in each synchronization packet, The base station receiving the GPS positioning time is the reference base station, wherein the frame number of the reference base station of each synchronization packet is synchronized with the frame timing and the GPS.
  • the method further includes: periodically determining, between the reference base station and the to-be-synchronized base station, when the service is idle The timing deviation is: when the timing deviation is greater than the first threshold and less than the second threshold, causing the reference base station and the to-be-synchronized base station to perform frequency synchronization with respect to the same clock reference source; or When the value is greater than the second threshold, the base station to be synchronized is calibrated according to the timing offset, so that the to-be-synchronized base station completes frame number synchronization with respect to the reference base station and frame timing.
  • the method further includes: re-determining a timing offset when detecting that the reference base station or the to-be-synchronized base station is restarted,
  • the base station to be synchronized is configured to calibrate the to-be-synchronized base station according to the re-determined timing offset, so that the to-be-synchronized base station completes frame number and frame timing synchronization with respect to the reference base station.
  • the synchronization reference signal sent by the reference UE includes at least one of the following: a physical random access channel (PRACH); a sounding reference signal SRS; and a demodulation reference signal DMRS.
  • PRACH physical random access channel
  • SRS sounding reference signal
  • DMRS demodulation reference signal
  • the reference base station and the to-be-synchronized base station are synchronized by a synchronous Ethernet or time division multiplexing TDM synchronization network.
  • the base station that needs to perform synchronization first performs frequency synchronization with the same clock reference source, and determines the reference base station in the base station that needs to be synchronized, and determines the relative timing of the synchronization reference signal sent by the reference UE by the base station to be synchronized and the reference base station. Timing deviation between the base station to be synchronized and the reference base station, and synchronously calibrating the frame number and the frame timing of the base station to be synchronized with the reference base station according to the timing deviation, thereby enabling no network-wide protocol support, low cost, security and Strict synchronization between base stations with higher reliability.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic block diagram of a base station according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the base station 90 of FIG. 9 includes a processor 91 and a memory 92.
  • the processor 91 and the memory 92 are connected by a bus system 93.
  • the memory 92 is configured to store instructions for causing the processor 91 to: determine a reference user equipment UE, wherein the reference UE is capable of simultaneously communicating with a reference base station and a base station to be synchronized, the reference base station and the base station to be synchronized have been completed Frequency synchronization with respect to the same clock reference source; receiving synchronization reference signals sent by the reference UE according to the reference base station and the to-be-synchronized base station Determining a timing offset between the base station to be synchronized and the reference station; calibrating the base station to be synchronized according to the timing offset, so that the base station to be synchronized completes a frame relative to the reference base station The number is synchronized with the frame timing.
  • the base station that needs to perform synchronization first performs frequency synchronization with the same clock reference source, and the base station 90 determines the reference base station in the base station that needs to be synchronized, and receives the relative reference signal sent by the reference UE by the base station to be synchronized and the reference base station. Determining the timing offset between the base station to be synchronized and the reference base station, and performing synchronous calibration on the frame number and the frame timing of the base station to be compared with the reference base station according to the timing deviation, thereby achieving the requirement of not requiring full network protocol support, lower cost, and security Strict synchronization between base stations with high reliability and reliability.
  • the base station 90 includes a synchronization device 80, which may be the base station to be synchronized or a reference base station.
  • Synchronization means 90 can be used to determine the size of the coordination area, i.e., to determine which base stations need to be strictly synchronized with the frame number and frame timing, and can be used to determine a base station within the coordination area as a reference base station for synchronization.
  • Each base station that needs to be synchronized can be synchronized to the same clock reference source to achieve frequency synchronization with each other.
  • the line clock reference source can use a Building Integrated Timing System (BITS). Then, the frame number between the base stations and the frame timing need to be synchronized.
  • BITS Building Integrated Timing System
  • the base station 90 may further include a transmitting circuit 94, a receiving circuit 95, an antenna 96, and the like.
  • the processor 91 controls the operation of the base station 90, which may also be referred to as a CPU (Central Processing Unit).
  • Memory 92 can include read only memory and random access memory and provides instructions and data to processor 91. A portion of memory 92 may also include non-volatile random access memory (NVRAM).
  • transmit circuitry 94 and receive circuitry 95 can be coupled to antenna 96.
  • the various components of base station 90 are coupled together by a bus system 93, which may include, in addition to the data bus, a power bus, a control bus, a status signal bus, and the like. However, for clarity of description, various buses are labeled as the bus system 93 in the figure.
  • the method disclosed in the foregoing embodiments of the present invention may be applied to the processor 91 or by the processor.
  • Processor 91 may be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capabilities. In the implementation process, each step of the above method may be completed by an integrated logic circuit of hardware in the processor 91 or an instruction in a form of software.
  • the processor 91 described above may be a general purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), an off-the-shelf programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic device, discrete hardware. Component.
  • DSP digital signal processor
  • ASIC application specific integrated circuit
  • FPGA off-the-shelf programmable gate array
  • the methods, steps, and logical block diagrams disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention may be implemented or executed.
  • General purpose processor It can be a microprocessor or the processor can be any conventional processor or the like.
  • the steps of the method disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention may be directly implemented by the hardware decoding processor, or may be performed by a combination of hardware and software modules in the decoding processor.
  • the software modules can be located in a conventional storage medium such as random access memory, flash memory, read only memory, programmable read only memory or electrically erasable programmable memory, registers, and the like.
  • the storage medium is located in the memory 92.
  • the processor 91 reads the information in the memory 92 and completes the steps of the above method in combination with its hardware.
  • the size of the sequence numbers of the above processes does not mean the order of execution, and the order of execution of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not be taken to the embodiments of the present invention.
  • the implementation process constitutes any limitation.
  • the disclosed systems, devices, and methods may be implemented in other ways.
  • the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative.
  • the division of the unit is only a logical function division.
  • there may be another division manner for example, multiple units or components may be combined or Can be integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored, or not executed.
  • the mutual coupling or direct connection or communication connection shown or discussed may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interface, device or unit, and may be in an electrical, mechanical or other form.
  • the components displayed for the unit may or may not be physical units, ie may be located in one place, or may be distributed over multiple network units. You can choose some of them according to actual needs or All units are used to achieve the objectives of the solution of this embodiment.
  • each functional unit in each embodiment of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
  • the functions, if implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as separate products, may be stored in a computer readable storage medium.
  • the technical solution of the present invention which is essential or contributes to the prior art, or a part of the technical solution, may be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium, including
  • the instructions are used to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the methods described in various embodiments of the present invention.
  • the foregoing storage medium includes: a U disk, a mobile hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and the like, which can store program codes. .

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Abstract

本发明实施例提供一种同步方法、同步装置和基站，能够实现成本较低，安全性与可靠性较高的基站间严格同步。该方法包括：确定参考用户设备 UE，其中参考UE能够同时与基准基站和待同步基站进行通信，基准基站与待同步基站已完成相对于同一时钟参考源的频率同步；根据基准基站和待同步基站接收到参考UE发送的同步参考信号的时刻确定待同步基站与基准接站之间的定时偏差；根据定时偏差对待同步基站进行校准，以使得待同步基站完成相对于基准基站的帧号和帧定时同步。从而能够实现成本较低，安全性与可靠性较高的基站间严格同步。

Description

同步方法、 同步装置和基站 技术领域
本发明涉及通信领域，并且更具体地， 涉及同步方法、 同步装置和基站。 背景技术
在蜂窝网通信系统中，基站间的同步质量将直接影响到无线通信业务质 量。随着无线基站覆盖范围的扩大和网络的完善，为了提高用户整体满意度， 优化网络的掉话率、 接通率、 寻呼成功率、 串话等指标就必须在无线网络组 建传输和骨干同步网的同时兼顾基站的同步使良好的同步性能延伸到网络 末端改善网络的整体运行指标。
在时分系统中， 同步是非常必要和重要的。 时分系统的基站之间要求严 格的帧号与帧定时同步， 否则就会导致相互间的干扰， 从而影响到业务的正 常开展。 频分系统中， 一些基本的业务不要求基站间严格的帧号与帧定时同 步，但是频分系统在需要支持例如增强型广播多播业务（ Evolved Multimedia Broadcast and Multicast Service, eMBMS ) , 集中调度功率控制 （Central Scheduling Power Control, CSPC )等增强业务时， 也需要基站间帧号与帧定 时的严格同步。
目前实现无线基站站间严格同步的主要技术方案是釆用全球定位系统 ( Global Positioning System, GPS )授时方案， 即各基站安装 GPS授时接收 机， 接收来自于卫星的授时， 以供基站进行时钟同步。 由于不同 GPS授时 接收机输出的时间参考是严格同步的， 因此可方便做到各基站间帧定时与帧 号的同步。 全球码分多址（ Code Division Multiple Access， CDMA )、 时分同 步码分多址 ( Time Division-Synchronization Code Division Multiple Access, TD-SCDMA,长期演进时分双工（ Long Term Evolution-Time Division Duplex, LTE-TDD ), 时分双工的全球互通微波存取 ( Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access , WIMAX )等无线网络的基站时钟同步基本上都是釆用 GPS作为基站的授时基准。 GPS授时方案虽然可以很好地实现基站间的严格 相位同步需求， 但是 GPS授时物料成本较高， 工程安装难， 故障维护成本 高，安全性与可靠性较低。类似地，其他全球卫星导航系统（ Global Navigation Satellite System, GNSS )如 GLONASS， GALILEO, BAIDU等系统用于基 站授时也都存在同样的问题。 发明内容
本发明实施例提供一种同步方法、同步装置和基站，能够实现成本较低， 安全性与可靠性较高的基站间严格同步。
第一方面， 提供了一种同步方法， 包括： 确定参考用户设备 UE， 其中 所述参考 UE能够同时与基准基站和待同步基站进行通信， 所述基准基站与 所述待同步基站已完成相对于同一时钟参考源的频率同步； 根据所述基准基 站和所述待同步基站接收到所述参考 UE发送的同步参考信号的时刻确定所 述待同步基站与所述基准接站之间的定时偏差； 根据所述定时偏差对所述待 同步基站进行校准， 以使得所述待同步基站完成相对于所述基准基站的帧号 和帧定时同步。
结合第一方面， 在第一方面的第一种实现方式中， 所述根据所述基准基 站和所述待同步基站接收到所述参考 UE发送的同步参考信号的相对时刻确 定所述待同步基站与所述基准接站之间的定时偏差之前， 还包括： 接收所述 基准基站发送的所述基准基站接收到所述同步参考信号的时刻 Tl， 其中所 述时刻 T1为基于所述基准基站的当前帧号和帧定时确定的所述基准基站接 收到所述同步参考信号的相对时刻； 并且接收所述待同步基站发送的所述待 同步基站接收到所述同步参考信号的时刻 Τ2， 其中所述时刻 Τ2为基于所述 待同步基站的当前帧号和帧定时确定所述待同步基站接收到所述同步参考 信号的相对时刻。
结合第一方面及其上述实现方式， 在第一方面的第二种实现方式中， 所 述根据所述基准基站和所述待同步基站接收到所述参考 UE发送的同步参考 信号的相对时刻确定所述待同步基站与所述基准接站之间的定时偏差， 包 括：根据所述相对时刻 T1和所述相对时刻 Τ2确定所述基准基站与所述待同 步基站之间的所述定时偏差 Δ Τ=Τ1-Τ2。
结合第一方面及其上述实现方式， 在第一方面的第三种实现方式中， 所 述根据所述基准基站和所述待同步基站接收到所述参考 UE发送的同步参考 信号的相对时刻确定所述待同步基站与所述基准接站之间的定时偏差之前， 还包括： 确定所述参考 UE与所述基准基站的环路往返时延 RTD测量结果 TA1 ; 并且确定所述参考 UE与所述待同步基站的 RTD测量结果 ΤΑ2; 根据 所述测量结果 TA1和所述测量结果 TA2确定所述参考 UE与所述基准基站 和所述待同步基站之间的距离差造成的偏差 TA1-TA2。
结合第一方面及其上述实现方式， 在第一方面的第四种实现方式中， 所 述根据所述基准基站和所述待同步基站接收到所述参考 UE发送的同步参考 信号的相对时刻确定所述待同步基站与所述基准接站之间的定时偏差， 包 括： 根据所述相对时刻 T1和所述相对时刻 T2和所述偏差 TA1-TA2确定所 述基准基站与所述待同步基站之间的所述定时偏差 Δ T=T1-T2- ( TA1-TA2 )。
结合第一方面及其上述实现方式， 在第一方面的第五种实现方式中， 所 述确定参考用户设备 UE之前， 还包括： 确定至少一个同步分组， 其中所述 至少一个同步分组中的每个同步分组包括至少两个基站； 在所述每个同步分 组包括的至少两个基站中确定所述基准基站和所述待同步基站。
结合第一方面及其上述实现方式， 在第一方面的第六种实现方式中， 在 所述至少一个同步分组包括多个同步分组时， 所述在所述每个同步分组包括 的至少两个基站中确定所述基准基站和所述待同步基站， 包括： 在所述每个 同步分组包括的至少两个基站中确定能够接收全球定位系统 GPS授时的基 站为基准基站， 其中所述每个同步分组的所述基准基站的帧号与帧定时与 GPS同步。
结合第一方面及其上述实现方式， 在第一方面的第七种实现方式中， 所 述根据所述定时偏差对所述待同步基站进行校准之后， 还包括： 在业务空闲 时， 周期性确定所述基准基站与所述待同步基站之间的所述定时偏差； 在所 述定时偏差大于第一阔值且小于第二阔值时，使得所述基准基站与所述待同 步基站相对于同一时钟参考源进行频率同步； 或者在所述定时偏差大于第二 阔值时， 根据所述定时偏差对所述待同步基站进行校准， 以使得所述待同步 基站完成相对于所述基准基站的帧号和帧定时同步。
结合第一方面及其上述实现方式， 在第一方面的第八种实现方式中， 所 述根据所述定时偏差对所述待同步基站进行校准之后， 还包括： 在检测到所 述基准基站或所述待同步基站重启时， 重新确定定时偏差， 以便于所述待同 步基站根据所述重新确定的定时偏差对所述待同步基站进行校准， 以使得所 述待同步基站完成相对于所述基准基站的帧号和帧定时同步。
结合第一方面及其上述实现方式， 在第一方面的第九种实现方式中， 所 述参考 UE发送的同步参考信号包括以下中的至少一种： 物理随机接入信道 PRACH; 探测参考信号 SRS; 解调参考信号 DMRS。
结合第一方面及其上述实现方式， 在第一方面的第十种实现方式中， 所 述基准基站与所述待同步基站之间通过同步以太网或时分复用 TDM同步网 组网。
第二方面， 提供了一种同步装置， 包括： 第一确定单元， 用于确定参考 用户设备 UE， 其中所述参考 UE能够同时与基准基站和待同步基站进行通 信， 所述基准基站与所述待同步基站已完成相对于同一时钟参考源的频率同 步； 第二确定单元， 用于根据所述基准基站和所述待同步基站接收到所述参 考 UE发送的同步参考信号的时刻确定所述待同步基站与所述基准接站之间 的定时偏差； 同步校准单元， 用于根据所述定时偏差对所述待同步基站进行 校准， 以使得所述待同步基站完成相对于所述基准基站的帧号和帧定时同 步。
结合第二方面， 在第二方面的第一种实现方式中， 所述装置还包括接收 单元， 所述接收单元用于： 接收所述基准基站发送的所述基准基站接收到所 述同步参考信号的时刻 Tl， 其中所述时刻 T1为基于所述基准基站的当前帧 号和帧定时确定的所述基准基站接收到所述同步参考信号的相对时刻； 并且 接收所述待同步基站发送的所述待同步基站接收到所述同步参考信号的时 刻 Τ2， 其中所述时刻 Τ2为基于所述待同步基站的当前帧号和帧定时确定所 述待同步基站接收到所述同步参考信号的相对时刻。
结合第二方面及其上述实现方式， 在第二方面的第二种实现方式中， 所 述第二确定单元具体用于：根据所述相对时刻 T1和所述相对时刻 Τ2确定所 述基准基站与所述待同步基站之间的所述定时偏差 Δ Τ=Τ1-Τ2。
结合第二方面及其上述实现方式， 在第二方面的第三种实现方式中， 所 述第二确定单元还用于： 确定所述参考 UE与所述基准基站的环路往返时延 RTD测量结果 TA1； 并且确定所述参考 UE与所述待同步基站的 RTD测量 结果 ΤΑ2; 根据所述测量结果 TA1和所述测量结果 ΤΑ2确定所述参考 UE 与所述基准基站和所述待同步基站之间的距离差造成的偏差 ΤΑ1-ΤΑ2。
结合第二方面及其上述实现方式， 在第二方面的第四种实现方式中， 所 述第二确定单元还用于：根据所述相对时刻 T1和所述相对时刻 Τ2和所述偏 差 TA1-TA2 确定所述基准基站与所述待同步基站之间的所述定时偏差 Δ T=T1-T2- ( TA1-TA2 )0 结合第二方面及其上述实现方式， 在第二方面的第五种实现方式中， 所 述第一确定单元还用于： 确定至少一个同步分组， 其中所述至少一个同步分 组中的每个同步分组包括至少两个基站； 在所述每个同步分组包括的至少两 个基站中确定所述基准基站和所述待同步基站。
结合第二方面及其上述实现方式， 在第二方面的第六种实现方式中， 在 所述至少一个同步分组包括多个同步分组时， 所述第一确定单元具体用于： 在所述每个同步分组包括的至少两个基站中确定能够接收全球定位系统 GPS授时的基站为基准基站，其中所述每个同步分组的所述基准基站的帧号 与帧定时与 GPS同步。
结合第二方面及其上述实现方式， 在第二方面的第七种实现方式中， 所 述同步校准单元还用于： 通过所述第二确定单元， 在业务空闲时周期性确定 所述基准基站与所述待同步基站之间的所述定时偏差； 在所述定时偏差大于 第一阔值且小于第二阔值时，使得所述基准基站与所述待同步基站相对于同 一时钟参考源进行频率同步； 或者在所述定时偏差大于第二阔值时， 根据所 述定时偏差对所述待同步基站进行校准， 以使得所述待同步基站完成相对于 所述基准基站的帧号和帧定时同步。
结合第二方面及其上述实现方式， 在第二方面的第八种实现方式中， 所 述同步校准单元还用于： 在检测到所述基准基站或所述待同步基站重启时， 通过所述第二确定单元重新确定定时偏差，根据所述重新确定的定时偏差对 所述待同步基站进行校准， 以使得所述待同步基站完成相对于所述基准基站 的帧号和帧定时同步。
结合第二方面及其上述实现方式， 在第二方面的第九种实现方式中， 所 述参考 UE发送的同步参考信号包括以下中的至少一种： 物理随机接入信道 PRACH; 探测参考信号 SRS; 解调参考信号 DMRS。
结合第二方面及其上述实现方式， 在第二方面的第十种实现方式中， 所 述基准基站与所述待同步基站之间通过同步以太网或时分复用 TDM同步网 组网。
第三方面， 提供了一种基站， 包括上述同步装置。
本发明实施例，需要进行同步的基站首先相对同一时钟参考源进行频率 同步， 在需要同步的基站中确定基准基站， 通过待同步基站和基准基站接收 到参考 UE发送的同步参考信号的相对时刻确定待同步基站和基准基站之间 的定时偏差， 并根据该定时偏差对待同步基站进行相对于基准基站的帧号与 帧定时同步校准， 从而能够实现成本较低， 安全性与可靠性较高的基站间严 格同步。 附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案， 下面将对本发明实施例中 所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍， 显而易见地， 下面所描述的附图仅仅是本 发明的一些实施例， 对于本领域普通技术人员来讲， 在不付出创造性劳动的 前提下， 还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图 1是本发明一个实施例的网络架构图。
图 2是本发明一个实施例的同步方法的流程图。
图 3是本发明一个实施例的基站间频率同步的示意图。
图 4是本发明一个实施例的基站间帧号与帧定时同步的示意图。
图 5是本发明另一个实施例的网络架构图。
图 6是本发明一个实施例的同步装置的示意框图。
图 7是本发明一个实施例的基站的示意框图。
图 8是本发明另一实施例的同步装置的示意框图。
图 9是本发明另一实施例的基站的示意框图。 具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行 清楚、 完整地描述， 显然， 所描述的实施例是本发明的一部分实施例， 而不 是全部实施例。 基于本发明中的实施例， 本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创 造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例， 都应属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明的技术方案， 可以应用于各种通信系统， 例如： 全球移动通讯系 统 ( GSM ， Global System of Mobile communication ), 码分多址 ( CDMA, Code Division Multiple Access ) 系统， 宽带码分多址（ WCDMA, Wideband Code Division Multiple Access Wireless )，通用分组无线业务 ( GPRS， General Packet Radio Service ), 长期演进 ( LTE, Long Term Evolution )等。
用户设备 （ UE， User Equipment )， 也可称之为移动终端 （ Mobile
Terminal ),移动用户设备等， 可以经无线接入网（例如， RAN， Radio Access Network ) 与一个或多个核心网进行通信， 用户设备可以是移动终端， 如移 动电话（或称为"蜂窝"电话）和具有移动终端的计算机， 例如， 可以是便携 式、 袖珍式、 手持式、 计算机内置的或者车载的移动装置， 它们与无线接入 网交换语言和 /或数据。
基站，可以是 GSM或 CDMA中的基站（ BTS， Base Transceiver Station )， 也可以是 WCDMA中的基站（ NodeB )，还可以是 LTE中的演进型基站（ eNB 或 e-NodeB， evolutional Node B ), 本发明并不限定。
同步主要包括系统时钟同步和帧同步， 其中系统时钟同步是指所有设备 的内部运行时钟的同步 （比特定时）， 帧同步是指基站之间通信的帧信号的 同步 （帧定时同步）。 两基站在完成时钟同步后， 频率得以同步， 两基站间 不再有相对的相位漂移， 但是两基站未完成帧号与帧定时同步时， 两基站的 定时关系仍然随机， 即帧号与帧定时具有偏差但是保持稳定。 也就是说， 要 完成基站间的严格同步， 需要在完成时钟同步的基础上， 保证各基站帧的起 始相位一致。
图 1是本发明一个实施例的网络架构图。 图 1示出了需要进行基站间同 步的移动通信网络。
应理解， 进行基站间同步的移动通信系统可以为 GSM、 CDMA ,
WCDMA, GPRS , LTE等系统， 本发明对此并不限定。 图 1 中示出了需要 进行同步的三个基站 BTS1、 BTS2和 BTS3，其中基站可以是 GSM或 CDMA 中的 BTS， 也可以是 WCDMA 中的 NodeB , 还可以是 LTE 中的 eNB 或 e-NodeB , 本发明并不限定。
此外， 还示出了线路时钟 101、 网管节点 102、 同步装置 103、 演进型分 组核心网 （Evolved Packet Core, EPC ) 104等， 上述各个网络节点和装置通 过传输网相连接。 其中， 同步装置 103可以作为一个单独的设备独立部署， 也可以作为一个逻辑模块部署在网管节点 102、 EPC 104、 或者是任意基站 上。 应理解， 以上仅为方便描述的示例， 通信网络中的网络节点、 基站和装 置不限于上述类型和个数。
BTS1、 BTS2和 BTS3需要完成基站间严格同步， 同步过程可以由同步 装置 103发起， 也可以由网管节点 102等上层网元发起， 或者由需要同步的 基站自行发起。首先，三个基站可以通过线路时钟 101同步到同一参考源上， 实现频率同步， 使得各个基站间相位漂移一致。 其中， 在实现频率同步之间 或者之后， 同步装置 103可以在需要同步的基站中确定一个基准基站， 例如 将 BTS2确定为基准基站。 在进行帧号与帧定时同步时， 作为待同步基站的 BTS1和 BTS3可以分别进行与基准基站 BTS2的同步， 具体地， 以 BTS1和 BTS2为例，可以由同步装置 103确定处于 BTS1和 BTS2切换区域的 UE作 为参考 UE。利用该参考 UE参与测量 BTS1和 BTS2之间帧号与帧定时偏差 与基准站 BTS2的帧号与帧定时同步。 而后， 完成同步的 BTS1可以作为下 一个待同步基站进行同步的基准基站。
完成同步后， 同步装置 103可以周期性启动站间的定时偏差测量， 当站 间定时偏差超出规定范围时， 则对基站进行重新校准。
图 2是本发明一个实施例的同步方法的流程图。 图 2的方法可以由基站 执行， 也可以由同步装置执行。
201 , 确定参考用户设备 UE， 其中参考 UE能够同时与基准基站和待同 步基站进行通信，基准基站与待同步基站已完成相对于同一时钟参考源的频 率同步。
202, 根据基准基站和待同步基站接收到参考 UE发送的同步参考信号 的时刻确定待同步基站与基准接站之间的定时偏差。
203 , 根据定时偏差对待同步基站进行校准， 以使得待同步基站完成相 对于基准基站的帧号和帧定时同步。
本发明实施例，需要进行同步的基站首先相对同一时钟参考源进行频率 同步， 在需要同步的基站中确定基准基站， 通过待同步基站和基准基站接收 到参考 UE发送的同步参考信号的相对时刻确定待同步基站和基准基站之间 的定时偏差， 并根据该定时偏差对待同步基站进行相对于基准基站的帧号与 帧定时同步校准， 从而能够实现无需全网协议支持， 成本较低， 安全性与可 靠性较高的基站间严格同步。
本发明实施例可以通过同步装置执行， 其中同步装置可以作为一个单独 的设备独立部署， 也可以作为一个逻辑模块部署在网管节点、 EPC、 或者基 站上。 同步装置可以用于确定协同区域的大小， 即确定哪些基站需要进行帧 号与帧定时的严格同步， 并且可以用于确定协同区域内的一个基站作为同步 的基准基站。
需要同步的各个基站可以同步到同一时钟参考源上， 实现相互间的频率 同步。 优选地， 线路时钟参考源可以釆用通信楼综合定时系统 （Building Integrated Timing System, BITS )。之后需要进行基站间的帧号与帧定时同步。
可选地， 作为一个实施例， 参考 UE可以由同步装置或者由参与同步的 基准基站或待同步基站确定。 例如， 由同步装置将能够同时与基准基站和待 同步基站进行通信的切换区域的 UE确定为参考 UE。
可选地， 作为一个实施例， 步骤 202之前， 还包括： 接收基准基站发送 的基准基站接收到同步参考信号的时刻 Tl， 其中时刻 T1为基于基准基站的 当前帧号和帧定时确定的基准基站接收到同步参考信号的相对时刻； 并且接 收待同步基站发送的待同步基站接收到同步参考信号的时刻 Τ2， 其中时刻 Τ2 为基于待同步基站的当前帧号和帧定时确定待同步基站接收到同步参考 信号的相对时刻。
在确定参考 UE后， 基准基站和待同步基站可以接收该参考 UE发送的 同步参考信号， 具体地， 可以为 UE的上行接入信号。 基准基站和待同步基 站分别基于自身的帧号与帧定时基准， 确定接收到 UE的上行接入信号的准 确时刻 T1和 Τ2。 而后两个基站可以将 T1和 Τ2分别发送给同步装置， 由同 步装置进行下一步处理。 应理解， T1 基准基站相对于自身时间轴确定的时 刻， 即相对时刻， 同样地 Τ2也是相对时刻。
其中， 参考 UE发送的同步参考信号包括但不限于以下中的至少一种： 物理随机接入信道 PRACH; 探测参考信号 SRS; 解调参考信号 DMRS。
可选地， 作为一个实施例， 步骤 202包括： 根据相对时刻 T1和相对时 刻 T2确定基准基站与待同步基站之间的定时偏差 Δ Τ =T1-T2。 通过两个相 对时刻的差， 可以确定两个基站各自的时间轴相对比下的偏移量， 即两个基 站的帧号与帧定时偏差。 待同步基站可以根据该定时偏差 Δ Τ调整自身的帧 号与帧定时， 从而实现与基准基站的帧号与帧定时同步。
可选地， 作为一个实施例， 步骤 202之前， 还包括： 确定参考 UE与基 准基站的环路往返时延 RTD测量结果 TA1 ;并且确定参考 UE与待同步基站 的 RTD测量结果 ΤΑ2; 根据测量结果 TA1和测量结果 ΤΑ2确定参考 UE与 基准基站和待同步基站之间的距离差造成的偏差 ΤΑ1-ΤΑ2。
由于参考 UE到两个基站（基准基站和待同步基站）的距离可能不一样， 上述 Δ Τ=Τ1-Τ2无法反映出 UE到两个基站的距离差异引入的定时偏差。 因 此如果要得到更加准确的两基站间的定时偏差， 则需要校准参考 UE到两个 基站的距离差异引入的定时偏差。 具体地， 基准基站和待同步基站可以分别 与参考 UE进行 RTD测量，获得参考 UE到两个基站间空口距离引入的定时 偏差 （TA1-TA2 )。
可选地， 作为一个实施例， 步骤 202包括： 根据相对时刻 T1和相对时 刻 T2 和偏差 TA1-TA2 确定基准基站与待同步基站之间的定时偏差 Δ T=T1-T2- ( TA1-TA2 )。 综合两个基站接收到参考 UE的同步参考信号的相对 时刻差， 和参考 UE到两个基站间空口距离引入的定时偏差， 可得到更准确 的站间定时偏差： Δ Τ=Τ1-Τ2-(ΤΑ1-ΤΑ2)。 待同步基站可以根据该定时偏差 Δ Τ调整自身的帧号与帧定时， 从而实现与基准基站的帧号与帧定时同步。
可选地， 作为一个实施例， 确定参考用户设备 UE之前， 还包括： 确定 至少一个同步分组， 其中至少一个同步分组中的每个同步分组包括至少两个 基站； 在每个同步分组包括的至少两个基站中确定基准基站和待同步基站。
同步装置可以将协同区域内需要同步的基站划分为一个或者多个同步 分组， 在每个同步分组当中确定一个基站作为基准基站， 以便于协同区域较 大， 需要同步的基站较多时， 加快基站间的严格同步过程。
可选地， 作为一个实施例， 在至少一个同步分组包括多个同步分组时， 在每个同步分组包括的至少两个基站中确定基准基站和待同步基站， 包括： 在每个同步分组包括的至少两个基站中确定能够接收全球定位系统 GPS授 时的基站为基准基站，其中每个同步分组的基准基站的帧号与帧定时与 GPS 同步。
在有多个同步分组时， 同步装置需要在每个同步分组当中确定一个基站 作为基准基站， 由于每个同步分组当中的基准基站之间需要严格同步， 然而 各个同步分组之间往往相隔较远， 因此各个基准基站之间可以先同步到 GPS 时钟源上。 也就是说， 同步装置在确定基准基站时， 需要将能够接受 GPS 授时的基站确定为基准基站。 在各个基准基站完成严格同步后， 各个同步分 组当中的待同步基站分别与各自分组的基准基站进行同步校准。
可选地， 作为一个实施例， 步骤 203之后， 还包括： 周期性确定基准基 站与待同步基站之间的定时偏差； 在定时偏差大于第一阔值且小于第二阔值 时， 使得基准基站与待同步基站相对于同一时钟参考源进行频率同步； 或者 在定时偏差大于第二阔值时， 根据定时偏差对待同步基站进行校准， 以使得 待同步基站完成相对于基准基站的帧号和帧定时同步。 在基站实现同步之后， 可以周期性的启动 UE参与进行的基站间定时偏 差的测量， 除基准基站外的其他基站可以根据测量结果确定是否校准自身的 帧号与帧定时。
优选地， 定时偏差的周期性测量， 可以在基站业务相对空闲期间进行， 以尽可能减少对业务的影响。周期检测主要是为了提升系统的可靠性与鲁棒 性， 为了尽可能降低对业务的影响， 可根据检测出的定时偏差大小釆用不同 处理措施，相位偏差小于第一阔值，则不做校准； 如相位偏差门限第一阔值， 小于第二阔值， 则釆用调频的方式来调整相位偏差。 大于第二阔值时则直接 调相位。 其中， 等于第二阔值的情况可以由同步装置或者基站预先设定为调 频或者调相位。
可选地， 作为一个实施例， 步骤 203之后， 还包括： 在检测到基准基站 或待同步基站重启时， 重新确定定时偏差， 以便于待同步基站根据重新确定 的定时偏差对待同步基站进行校准， 以使得待同步基站完成相对于基准基站 的帧号和帧定时同步。
可选地， 作为一个实施例， 基准基站与待同步基站之间通过同步以太网 或时分复用 TDM同步网组网。
本发明实施例，需要进行同步的基站首先相对同一时钟参考源进行频率 同步， 在需要同步的基站中确定基准基站， 通过待同步基站和基准基站接收 到参考 UE发送的同步参考信号的相对时刻确定待同步基站和基准基站之间 的定时偏差， 并根据该定时偏差对待同步基站进行相对于基准基站的帧号与 帧定时同步校准， 从而能够实现无需全网协议支持， 成本较低， 安全性与可 靠性较高的基站间严格同步。
图 3是本发明一个实施例的基站间频率同步的示意图。 图 3示出了两个 基站在频率同步之前的帧定时差异和频率同步后的帧定时差异。
未进行基站间频率同步的两个基站 BTS1与 BTS2的系统时钟分别工作 于 fl与 f2， 其中 fl≠f2， 如图 3上半部分所示， 这时 BTS1与 BTS2的帧号 与帧定时是无关， 且 BTS1与 BTS2的时钟漂移速度因为 fl≠f2也会存在不 同。
两个基站同步到同一时钟参考源上， 实现相互间的频率同步； 以图 3中 BTS1与 BTS2为例， 都同步到 BITS上， 两个基站发送无线帧的频率得以同 步 fl = f2。 由于线路时钟只有频率信息， 两基站间的定时关系仍是随机的， 只是这时两者都同步于同一参考源上， 因此不存在相对的相位漂移， 即帧号 与帧定时偏差保持稳定。 图 3中可以看出， 基站其帧号和帧定时仍然错开， 未达到严格同步。 图 4示出了两个基站在完成帧号与帧定时同步后的帧相位 关系。 结合帧定时偏差的测定， 以图 3和图 4的为例， BTS1为待同步基站， BTS2为基准基站， BTS1与 BTS2完成频率同步后的相位关系如图 3下半部 分所示。 BTS1和 BTS2接收参考 UE发送的同步参考信号，基准基站和待同 步基站分别基于自身的帧号与帧定时基准， 确定接收到 UE的上行接入信号 的准确时刻 T1和 T2，定时偏差 Δ Τ =Τ1-Τ2为 4.7个帧间隔 (一个无线帧起始 到下一个无线帧起始为一个帧间隔）。 BTS1根据 Δ Τ进行校准后完成相对于 BTS2的帧号与帧定时同步， 如图 4所示。
图 5是本发明另一个实施例的网络架构图。
图 5中示出了需要进行同步的六个基站 BTS1、 BTS2和 BTS3， BTSx、 BTSy和 BTSz，其中基站可以是 GSM或 CDMA中的 BTS，也可以是 WCDMA 中的 NodeB， 还可以是 LTE中的 eNB或 e-NodeB， 本发明并不限定。
此外， 还示出了线路时钟 501、 网管节点 502、 同步装置 503、 演进型分 组核心网 （ Evolved Packet Core， EPC ) 504等， 上述各个网络节点和装置通 过传输网相连接。 其中， 同步装置 503可以作为一个单独的设备独立部署， 也可以作为一个逻辑模块部署在网管节点 502、 EPC 504、 或者是任意基站 上。 应理解， 以上仅为方便描述的示例， 通信网络中的网络节点、 基站和装 置不限于上述类型和个数。
在协同区域较大， 即需要同步的基站较多时， 为了加快基站间帧号与帧 定时同步的过程， 可以将较大的协同区域划分为几个较小的协同区域， 也就 是说， 可以将需要同步的基站 BTS1、 BTS2、 BTS3、 BTSx、 BTSy和 BTSz 等等， 划分为多个同步分组。 例如将 BTS1、 BTS2、 BTS3划分为一个同步 分作， BTSx、 BTSy和 BTSz划分为另一个同步分组。
在有多个同步分组时， 同步装置需要在每个同步分组当中确定一个基站 作为基准基站， 例如在 BTS1、 BTS2、 BTS3中确定 BTS2作为基准基站， 在 BTSx、 BTSy和 BTSz中确定 BTSy作为基准基站， 由于每个同步分组当 中的基准基站之间需要严格同步， 然而各个同步分组之间往往相隔较远， 因 此各个基准基站之间可以先同步到 GPS 时钟源上。 也就是说， 同步装置在 确定基准基站时， 需要将能够接受 GPS授时的基站确定为基准基站。 在各 个基准基站完成严格同步后，各个同步分组当中的待同步基站分别与各自分 组的基准基站进行同步校准， 以 BTS1、 BTS2和 BTS3为例， 同步装置 503 可以在需要同步的基站中确定一个基准基站， 例如将能够接受 GPS授时的 BTS2 确定为基准基站。 在进行帧号与帧定时同步时， 作为待同步基站的 BTS1和 BTS3可以分别进行与基准基站 BTS2的同步， 具体地， 以 BTS1和 BTS2为例，可以由同步装置 503确定处于 BTS1和 BTS2切换区域的 UE作 为参考 UE。利用该参考 UE参与测量 BTS1和 BTS2之间帧号与帧定时偏差 与基准站 BTS2的帧号与帧定时同步。 而后， 完成同步的 BTS1可以作为下 一个待同步基站进行同步的基准基站。其他同步分组的帧号与帧定时同步相 类似， 此处不再赘述。
完成同步后， 同步装置 503也可以周期性启动站间的定时偏差测量， 当 站间定时偏差超出规定范围时，则对基站进行重新校准。或者在基站重启时， 可以在该基站所在的同步分组内进行重新校准。
图 6是本发明一个实施例的同步装置的示意框图。 图 6的同步装置 60 包括第一确定单元 61、 第二确定单元 62和同步校准单元 63。
第一确定单元 61确定参考用户设备 UE， 其中参考 UE能够同时与基准 基站和待同步基站进行通信，基准基站与待同步基站已完成相对于同一时钟 参考源的频率同步。 第二确定单元 62根据基准基站和待同步基站接收到参 考 UE发送的同步参考信号的时刻确定待同步基站与基准接站之间的定时偏 差。 同步校准单元 63根据定时偏差对待同步基站进行校准， 以使得待同步 基站完成相对于基准基站的帧号和帧定时同步。
本发明实施例的同步装置 60，在需要同步的基站中确定基准基站，通过 待同步基站和基准基站接收到参考 UE发送的同步参考信号的相对时刻确定 待同步基站和基准基站之间的定时偏差， 并根据该定时偏差对待同步基站进 行相对于基准基站的帧号与帧定时同步校准，从而能够实现无需全网协议支 持， 成本较低， 安全性与可靠性较高的基站间严格同步。
同步装置 60可以作为一个单独的设备独立部署， 也可以作为一个逻辑 模块部署在网管节点、 EPC、 或者基站上。 同步装置 60 可以用于确定协同 区域的大小， 即确定哪些基站需要进行帧号与帧定时的严格同步， 并且可以 用于确定协同区域内的一个基站作为同步的基准基站。 需要同步的各个基站可以同步到同一时钟参考源上， 实现相互间的频率 同步。 优选地， 线路时钟参考源可以釆用通信楼综合定时系统 （Building Integrated Timing System, BITS )。之后需要进行基站间的帧号与帧定时同步。
可选地， 作为一个实施例， 同步装置 60还可以通过第一确定单元 61确 定参考 UE。 例如， 由同步装置将能够同时与基准基站和待同步基站进行通 信的切换区域的 UE确定为参考 UE。
可选地， 作为一个实施例， 装置 60还包括接收单元， 接收单元用于： 接收基准基站发送的基准基站接收到同步参考信号的时刻 Tl， 其中时刻 T1 为基于基准基站的当前帧号和帧定时确定的基准基站接收到同步参考信号 的相对时刻； 并且接收待同步基站发送的待同步基站接收到同步参考信号的 时刻 Τ2， 其中时刻 Τ2为基于待同步基站的当前帧号和帧定时确定待同步基 站接收到同步参考信号的相对时刻。 在确定参考 UE后， 基准基站和待同步 基站可以接收该参考 UE发送的同步参考信号， 具体地， 可以为 UE的上行 接入信号。 基准基站和待同步基站分别基于自身的帧号与帧定时基准， 确定 接收到 UE的上行接入信号的准确时刻 T1和 Τ2。 而后两个基站可以将 T1 和 Τ2分别发送给同步装置 60， 由同步装置 60进行下一步处理。 应理解， T1基准基站相对于自身时间轴确定的时刻， 即相对时刻， 同样地 Τ2也是相 对时刻。 其中， 参考 UE发送的同步参考信号包括但不限于以下中的至少一 种： 物理随机接入信道 PRACH; 探测参考信号 SRS; 解调参考信号 DMRS。
可选地， 作为一个实施例， 第二确定单元 62具体用于： 根据相对时刻
T1和相对时刻 T2确定基准基站与待同步基站之间的定时偏差 Δ T=T1-T2。 通过两个相对时刻的差， 可以确定两个基站各自的时间轴相对比下的偏移 量， 即两个基站的帧号与帧定时偏差。 待同步基站可以根据该定时偏差 Δ Τ 调整自身的帧号与帧定时， 从而实现与基准基站的帧号与帧定时同步。
可选地， 作为一个实施例， 第二确定单元 62还用于： 确定参考 UE与 基准基站的环路往返时延 RTD测量结果 TA1 ;并且确定参考 UE与待同步基 站的 RTD测量结果 ΤΑ2; 根据测量结果 TA1和测量结果 ΤΑ2确定参考 UE 与基准基站和待同步基站之间的距离差造成的偏差 ΤΑ1-ΤΑ2。 由于参考 UE 到两个基站（基准基站和待同步基站） 的距离可能不一样， 上述 Δ Τ=Τ1-Τ2 无法反映出 UE到两个基站的距离差异引入的定时偏差。 因此如果要得到更 加准确的两基站间的定时偏差， 则需要校准参考 UE到两个基站的距离差异 引入的定时偏差。 具体地， 基准基站和待同步基站可以分别与参考 UE进行 RTD测量，获得参考 UE到两个基站间空口距离引入的定时偏差（ TA1-TA2 )。
可选地， 作为一个实施例， 第二确定单元 62还用于： 根据相对时刻 T1 和相对时刻 T2和偏差 TA1-TA2确定基准基站与待同步基站之间的定时偏差 Δ T=T1-T2- ( TA1-TA2 )。综合两个基站接收到参考 UE的同步参考信号的相 对时刻差， 和参考 UE到两个基站间空口距离引入的定时偏差， 可得到更准 确的站间定时偏差： Δ Τ=Τ1-Τ2-(ΤΑ1-ΤΑ2)。 待同步基站可以根据该定时偏 差 Δ Τ调整自身的帧号与帧定时，从而实现与基准基站的帧号与帧定时同步。
可选地， 作为一个实施例， 第一确定单元 61还用于： 确定至少一个同 步分组， 其中至少一个同步分组中的每个同步分组包括至少两个基站； 在每 个同步分组包括的至少两个基站中确定基准基站和待同步基站。
可选地， 作为一个实施例， 在至少一个同步分组包括多个同步分组时， 第一确定单元 61具体用于： 在每个同步分组包括的至少两个基站中确定能 够接收全球定位系统 GPS授时的基站为基准基站， 其中每个同步分组的基 准基站的帧号与帧定时与 GPS 同步。 在有多个同步分组时， 同步装置需要 在每个同步分组当中确定一个基站作为基准基站， 由于每个同步分组当中的 基准基站之间需要严格同步， 然而各个同步分组之间往往相隔较远， 因此各 个基准基站之间可以先同步到 GPS 时钟源上。 也就是说， 同步装置在确定 基准基站时， 需要将能够接受 GPS授时的基站确定为基准基站。 在各个基 准基站完成严格同步后，各个同步分组当中的待同步基站分别与各自分组的 基准基站进行同步校准。
可选地， 作为一个实施例， 同步校准单元 63还用于： 通过第二确定单 元周期性确定基准基站与待同步基站之间的定时偏差； 在定时偏差大于第一 阔值且小于第二阔值时，使得基准基站与待同步基站相对于同一时钟参考源 进行频率同步； 或者在定时偏差大于第二阔值时， 根据定时偏差对待同步基 站进行校准， 以使得待同步基站完成相对于基准基站的帧号和帧定时同步。
在基站实现同步之后， 同步装置 60可以周期性的启动 UE参与进行的 基站间定时偏差的测量， 除基准基站外的其他基站可以根据测量结果确定是 否校准自身的帧号与帧定时。 优选地， 定时偏差的周期性测量， 可以在基站 业务相对空闲期间进行， 以尽可能减少对业务的影响。 周期检测主要是为了 提升系统的可靠性与鲁棒性， 为了尽可能降低对业务的影响， 可根据检测出 的定时偏差大小釆用不同处理措施， 相位偏差小于第一阔值， 则不做校准； 如相位偏差门限第一阔值， 小于第二阔值， 则釆用调频的方式来调整相位偏 差。 大于第二阔值时则直接调相位。 其中， 等于第二阔值的情况可以由同步 装置或者基站预先设定为调频或者调相位。
可选地， 作为一个实施例， 同步校准单元 63还用于： 在检测到基准基 站或待同步基站重启时， 通过第二确定单元重新确定定时偏差， 根据重新确 定的定时偏差对待同步基站进行校准， 以使得待同步基站完成相对于基准基 站的帧号和帧定时同步。
可选地， 作为一个实施例， 基准基站与待同步基站之间通过同步以太网 或时分复用 TDM同步网组网。
本发明实施例，需要进行同步的基站首先相对同一时钟参考源进行频率 同步， 同步装置 60在需要同步的基站中确定基准基站， 通过待同步基站和 基准基站接收到参考 UE发送的同步参考信号的相对时刻确定待同步基站和 基准基站之间的定时偏差， 并根据该定时偏差对待同步基站进行相对于基准 基站的帧号与帧定时同步校准，从而能够实现无需全网协议支持，成本较低， 安全性与可靠性较高的基站间严格同步。
图 7是本发明一个实施例的基站的示意框图。 图 7所示的基站 70包括 上述图 6中的同步装置 60。 能够执行图 2中的方法。
图 8是本发明另一实施例的同步装置的示意框图。 图 8的同步装置 80 包括处理器 81和存储器 82。 处理器 81和存储器 82通过总线系统 83相连。
存储器 82用于存储使得处理器 81执行以下操作的指令： 确定参考用户 设备 UE， 其中所述参考 UE能够同时与基准基站和待同步基站进行通信， 所述基准基站与所述待同步基站已完成相对于同一时钟参考源的频率同步； 根据所述基准基站和所述待同步基站接收到所述参考 UE发送的同步参考信 号的时刻确定所述待同步基站与所述基准接站之间的定时偏差； 根据所述定 时偏差对所述待同步基站进行校准， 以使得所述待同步基站完成相对于所述 基准基站的帧号和帧定时同步。
本发明实施例，需要进行同步的基站首先相对同一时钟参考源进行频率 同步， 同步装置 80在需要同步的基站中确定基准基站， 通过待同步基站和 基准基站接收到参考 UE发送的同步参考信号的相对时刻确定待同步基站和 基准基站之间的定时偏差， 并根据该定时偏差对待同步基站进行相对于基准 基站的帧号与帧定时同步校准，从而能够实现无需全网协议支持，成本较低， 安全性与可靠性较高的基站间严格同步。
同步装置 80可以作为一个单独的设备独立部署， 也可以作为一个逻辑 模块部署在网管节点、 EPC、 或者基站上。 同步装置 80 可以用于确定协同 区域的大小， 即确定哪些基站需要进行帧号与帧定时的严格同步， 并且可以 用于确定协同区域内的一个基站作为同步的基准基站。
需要同步的各个基站可以同步到同一时钟参考源上， 实现相互间的频率 同步。 优选地， 线路时钟参考源可以釆用通信楼综合定时系统 （Building Integrated Timing System, BITS )。之后需要进行基站间的帧号与帧定时同步。
此外， 同步装置 80还可以包括发射电路 84、接收电路 85及天线 86等。 处理器 81控制同步装置 80的操作， 处理器 81还可以称为 CPU ( Central Processing Unit, 中央处理单元）。 存储器 82可以包括只读存储器和随机存 取存储器， 并向处理器 81提供指令和数据。 存储器 82的一部分还可以包括 非易失性随机存取存储器（NVRAM )。 具体的应用中， 发射电路 84和接收 电路 85可以耦合到天线 86。 同步装置 80的各个组件通过总线系统 83耦合 在一起， 其中总线系统 83除包括数据总线之外， 还可以包括电源总线、 控 制总线和状态信号总线等。 但是为了清楚说明起见， 在图中将各种总线都标 为总线系统 83。
上述本发明实施例揭示的方法可以应用于处理器 81 中， 或者由处理器 81实现。 处理器 81可能是一种集成电路芯片， 具有信号的处理能力。 在实 现过程中， 上述方法的各步骤可以通过处理器 81 中的硬件的集成逻辑电路 或者软件形式的指令完成。 上述的处理器 81可以是通用处理器、 数字信号 处理器 （DSP )、 专用集成电路（ASIC )、 现成可编程门阵列 （FPGA )或者 其他可编程逻辑器件、 分立门或者晶体管逻辑器件、 分立硬件组件。 可以实 现或者执行本发明实施例中的公开的各方法、 步骤及逻辑框图。 通用处理器 可以是微处理器或者该处理器也可以是任何常规的处理器等。结合本发明实 施例所公开的方法的步骤可以直接体现为硬件译码处理器执行完成，或者用 译码处理器中的硬件及软件模块组合执行完成。软件模块可以位于随机存储 器， 闪存、 只读存储器， 可编程只读存储器或者电可擦写可编程存储器、 寄 存器等本领域成熟的存储介质中。 该存储介质位于存储器 82， 处理器 81读 取存储器 82中的信息， 结合其硬件完成上述方法的步骤。 可选地， 作为一个实施例， 所述根据所述基准基站和所述待同步基站接 收到所述参考 UE发送的同步参考信号的相对时刻确定所述待同步基站与所 述基准接站之间的定时偏差之前， 还包括： 接收所述基准基站发送的所述基 准基站接收到所述同步参考信号的时刻 Tl， 其中所述时刻 T1为基于所述基 准基站的当前帧号和帧定时确定的所述基准基站接收到所述同步参考信号 的相对时刻； 并且接收所述待同步基站发送的所述待同步基站接收到所述同 步参考信号的时刻 Τ2， 其中所述时刻 Τ2为基于所述待同步基站的当前帧号 和帧定时确定所述待同步基站接收到所述同步参考信号的相对时刻。
可选地， 作为一个实施例， 所述根据所述基准基站和所述待同步基站接 收到所述参考 UE发送的同步参考信号的相对时刻确定所述待同步基站与所 述基准接站之间的定时偏差， 包括： 根据所述相对时刻 T1和所述相对时刻 Τ2确定所述基准基站与所述待同步基站之间的所述定时偏差 Δ Τ=Τ1-Τ2。
可选地， 作为一个实施例， 所述根据所述基准基站和所述待同步基站接 收到所述参考 UE发送的同步参考信号的相对时刻确定所述待同步基站与所 述基准接站之间的定时偏差之前， 还包括： 确定所述参考 UE与所述基准基 站的环路往返时延 RTD测量结果 TA1 ;并且确定所述参考 UE与所述待同步 基站的 RTD测量结果 ΤΑ2; 根据所述测量结果 TA1和所述测量结果 ΤΑ2确 定所述参考 UE与所述基准基站和所述待同步基站之间的距离差造成的偏差 ΤΑ1-ΤΑ2。
可选地， 作为一个实施例， 所述根据所述基准基站和所述待同步基站接 收到所述参考 UE发送的同步参考信号的相对时刻确定所述待同步基站与所 述基准接站之间的定时偏差， 包括： 根据所述相对时刻 T1和所述相对时刻 Τ2和所述偏差 TA1-TA2确定所述基准基站与所述待同步基站之间的所述定 时偏差 Δ T=T1-T2- ( TA1-TA2 )。
可选地， 作为一个实施例， 所述确定参考用户设备 UE之前， 还包括： 确定至少一个同步分组， 其中所述至少一个同步分组中的每个同步分组包括 至少两个基站； 在所述每个同步分组包括的至少两个基站中确定所述基准基 站和所述待同步基站。
可选地， 作为一个实施例， 在所述至少一个同步分组包括多个同步分组 时， 所述在所述每个同步分组包括的至少两个基站中确定所述基准基站和所 述待同步基站， 包括： 在所述每个同步分组包括的至少两个基站中确定能够 接收全球定位系统 GPS授时的基站为基准基站， 其中所述每个同步分组的 所述基准基站的帧号与帧定时与 GPS同步。
可选地， 作为一个实施例， 所述根据所述定时偏差对所述待同步基站进 行校准之后， 还包括： 在业务空闲时， 周期性确定所述基准基站与所述待同 步基站之间的所述定时偏差； 在所述定时偏差大于第一阔值且小于第二阔值 时，使得所述基准基站与所述待同步基站相对于同一时钟参考源进行频率同 步； 或者在所述定时偏差大于第二阔值时， 根据所述定时偏差对所述待同步 基站进行校准， 以使得所述待同步基站完成相对于所述基准基站的帧号和帧 定时同步。
可选地， 作为一个实施例， 所述根据所述定时偏差对所述待同步基站进 行校准之后， 还包括： 在检测到所述基准基站或所述待同步基站重启时， 重 新确定定时偏差， 以便于所述待同步基站根据所述重新确定的定时偏差对所 述待同步基站进行校准， 以使得所述待同步基站完成相对于所述基准基站的 帧号和帧定时同步。
可选地， 作为一个实施例， 所述参考 UE发送的同步参考信号包括以下 中的至少一种： 物理随机接入信道 PRACH; 探测参考信号 SRS; 解调参考 信号 DMRS。
可选地， 作为一个实施例， 所述基准基站与所述待同步基站之间通过同 步以太网或时分复用 TDM同步网组网。
本发明实施例，需要进行同步的基站首先相对同一时钟参考源进行频率 同步， 在需要同步的基站中确定基准基站， 通过待同步基站和基准基站接收 到参考 UE发送的同步参考信号的相对时刻确定待同步基站和基准基站之间 的定时偏差， 并根据该定时偏差对待同步基站进行相对于基准基站的帧号与 帧定时同步校准， 从而能够实现无需全网协议支持， 成本较低， 安全性与可 靠性较高的基站间严格同步。
图 9是本发明另一实施例的基站的示意框图。 图 9的基站 90包括处理 器 91和存储器 92。 处理器 91和存储器 92通过总线系统 93相连。
存储器 92用于存储使得处理器 91执行以下操作的指令： 确定参考用户 设备 UE， 其中所述参考 UE能够同时与基准基站和待同步基站进行通信， 所述基准基站与所述待同步基站已完成相对于同一时钟参考源的频率同步； 根据所述基准基站和所述待同步基站接收到所述参考 UE发送的同步参考信 号的时刻确定所述待同步基站与所述基准接站之间的定时偏差； 根据所述定 时偏差对所述待同步基站进行校准， 以使得所述待同步基站完成相对于所述 基准基站的帧号和帧定时同步。
本发明实施例，需要进行同步的基站首先相对同一时钟参考源进行频率 同步， 基站 90在需要同步的基站中确定基准基站， 通过待同步基站和基准 基站接收到参考 UE发送的同步参考信号的相对时刻确定待同步基站和基准 基站之间的定时偏差， 并根据该定时偏差对待同步基站进行相对于基准基站 的帧号与帧定时同步校准， 从而能够实现无需全网协议支持， 成本较低， 安 全性与可靠性较高的基站间严格同步。
基站 90包含同步装置 80，基站 90可以为上述待同步基站，也可以为基 准基站。 同步装置 90可以用于确定协同区域的大小， 即确定哪些基站需要 进行帧号与帧定时的严格同步， 并且可以用于确定协同区域内的一个基站作 为同步的基准基站。
需要同步的各个基站可以同步到同一时钟参考源上， 实现相互间的频率 同步。 优选地， 线路时钟参考源可以釆用通信楼综合定时系统 （Building Integrated Timing System, BITS )。之后需要进行基站间的帧号与帧定时同步。
此外， 基站 90还可以包括发射电路 94、 接收电路 95及天线 96等。 处 理器 91控制基站 90的操作，处理器 91还可以称为 CPU ( Central Processing Unit, 中央处理单元）。 存储器 92可以包括只读存储器和随机存取存储器， 并向处理器 91提供指令和数据。存储器 92的一部分还可以包括非易失性随 机存取存储器 ( NVRAM )。 具体的应用中， 发射电路 94和接收电路 95可以 耦合到天线 96。基站 90的各个组件通过总线系统 93耦合在一起，其中总线 系统 93除包括数据总线之外， 还可以包括电源总线、 控制总线和状态信号 总线等。 但是为了清楚说明起见， 在图中将各种总线都标为总线系统 93。
上述本发明实施例揭示的方法可以应用于处理器 91 中， 或者由处理器
91实现。 处理器 91可能是一种集成电路芯片， 具有信号的处理能力。 在实 现过程中， 上述方法的各步骤可以通过处理器 91 中的硬件的集成逻辑电路 或者软件形式的指令完成。 上述的处理器 91可以是通用处理器、 数字信号 处理器 （DSP )、 专用集成电路（ASIC )、 现成可编程门阵列 （FPGA )或者 其他可编程逻辑器件、 分立门或者晶体管逻辑器件、 分立硬件组件。 可以实 现或者执行本发明实施例中的公开的各方法、 步骤及逻辑框图。 通用处理器 可以是微处理器或者该处理器也可以是任何常规的处理器等。结合本发明实 施例所公开的方法的步骤可以直接体现为硬件译码处理器执行完成，或者用 译码处理器中的硬件及软件模块组合执行完成。软件模块可以位于随机存储 器， 闪存、 只读存储器， 可编程只读存储器或者电可擦写可编程存储器、 寄 存器等本领域成熟的存储介质中。 该存储介质位于存储器 92， 处理器 91读 取存储器 92中的信息， 结合其硬件完成上述方法的步骤。
应理解， 本文中术语 "和 /或"， 仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系， 表示可以存在三种关系， 例如， A和 /或 可以表示： 单独存在 ， 同时存 在八和^ 单独存在 B这三种情况。 另外， 本文中字符 "/"， 一般表示前后 关联对象是一种 "或" 的关系。
应理解， 在本发明的各种实施例中， 上述各过程的序号的大小并不意味 着执行顺序的先后， 各过程的执行顺序应以其功能和内在逻辑确定， 而不应 对本发明实施例的实施过程构成任何限定。
本领域普通技术人员可以意识到， 结合本文中所公开的实施例描述的各 示例的单元及算法步骤， 能够以电子硬件、 或者计算机软件和电子硬件的结 合来实现。 这些功能究竟以硬件还是软件方式来执行， 取决于技术方案的特 定应用和设计约束条件。 专业技术人员可以对每个特定的应用来使用不同方 法来实现所描述的功能， 但是这种实现不应认为超出本发明的范围。
所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到， 为描述的方便和简洁， 上述描 述的系统、 装置和单元的具体工作过程， 可以参考前述方法实施例中的对应 过程， 在此不再赘述。
在本申请所提供的几个实施例中， 应该理解到， 所揭露的系统、 装置和 方法， 可以通过其它的方式实现。 例如， 以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示 意性的， 例如， 所述单元的划分， 仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分， 实际实现时可 以有另外的划分方式， 例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个 系统， 或一些特征可以忽略， 或不执行。 另一点， 所显示或讨论的相互之间 的耦合或直接辆合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口， 装置或单元的间接耦合 或通信连接， 可以是电性， 机械或其它的形式。 为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元， 即可以位于一个地方， 或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或 者全部单元来实现本实施例方案的目的。
另外， 在本发明各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理单元 中， 也可以是各个单元单独物理存在， 也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一 个单元中。
所述功能如果以软件功能单元的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使 用时， 可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。 基于这样的理解， 本发明 的技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分或者该技术方案的部 分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来， 该计算机软件产品存储在一个存储介质 中， 包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机设备（可以是个人计算机， 服务器， 或者网络设备等）执行本发明各个实施例所述方法的全部或部分步骤。 而前 述的存储介质包括： U盘、移动硬盘、只读存储器（ ROM, Read-Only Memory )、 随机存取存储器（RAM, Random Access Memory ), 磁碟或者光盘等各种可 以存储程序代码的介质。
以上所述， 仅为本发明的具体实施方式， 但本发明的保护范围并不局限 于此， 任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内， 可轻易 想到变化或替换， 都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。 因此， 本发明的保护 范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims

权利要求
1. 一种同步方法， 其特征在于， 包括：
确定参考用户设备 UE， 其中所述参考 UE能够同时与基准基站和待同 步基站进行通信， 所述基准基站与所述待同步基站已完成相对于同一时钟参 考源的频率同步；
根据所述基准基站和所述待同步基站接收到所述参考 UE发送的同步参 考信号的时刻确定所述待同步基站与所述基准接站之间的定时偏差；
根据所述定时偏差对所述待同步基站进行校准， 以使得所述待同步基站 完成相对于所述基准基站的帧号和帧定时同步。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述基准基站和 所述待同步基站接收到所述参考 UE发送的同步参考信号的相对时刻确定所 述待同步基站与所述基准接站之间的定时偏差之前， 还包括：
接收所述基准基站发送的所述基准基站接收到所述同步参考信号的时 刻 Tl， 其中所述时刻 T1为基于所述基准基站的当前帧号和帧定时确定的所 述基准基站接收到所述同步参考信号的相对时刻； 并且
接收所述待同步基站发送的所述待同步基站接收到所述同步参考信号 的时刻 Τ2， 其中所述时刻 Τ2为基于所述待同步基站的当前帧号和帧定时确 定所述待同步基站接收到所述同步参考信号的相对时刻。
3. 根据权利要求 2所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述根据所述基准基站 和所述待同步基站接收到所述参考 UE发送的同步参考信号的相对时刻确定 所述待同步基站与所述基准接站之间的定时偏差， 包括： 根据所述相对时刻 T1和所述相对时刻 Τ2确定所述基准基站与所述待同步基站之间的所述定时 偏差 Δ Τ=Τ1-Τ2。
4. 根据权利要求 1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述基准基站和 所述待同步基站接收到所述参考 UE发送的同步参考信号的相对时刻确定所 述待同步基站与所述基准接站之间的定时偏差之前， 还包括：
确定所述参考 UE与所述基准基站的环路往返时延 RTD测量结果 TA1 ; 并且
确定所述参考 UE与所述待同步基站的 RTD测量结果 ΤΑ2;
根据所述测量结果 TA1和所述测量结果 ΤΑ2确定所述参考 UE与所述 基准基站和所述待同步基站之间的距离差造成的偏差 ΤΑ1-ΤΑ2。
5. 根据权利要求 2或 4所述的方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述基准基 站和所述待同步基站接收到所述参考 UE发送的同步参考信号的相对时刻确 定所述待同步基站与所述基准接站之间的定时偏差， 包括： 根据所述相对时 刻 T1和所述相对时刻 T2和所述偏差 TA1-TA2确定所述基准基站与所述待 同步基站之间的所述定时偏差 Δ T=T1-T2- ( TA1-TA2 )。
6. 根据权利要求 1 所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述确定参考用户设备 UE之前， 还包括：
确定至少一个同步分组， 其中所述至少一个同步分组中的每个同步分组 包括至少两个基站；
在所述每个同步分组包括的至少两个基站中确定所述基准基站和所述 待同步基站。
7. 根据权利要求 6所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述至少一个同步分组 包括多个同步分组时， 所述在所述每个同步分组包括的至少两个基站中确定 所述基准基站和所述待同步基站， 包括： 在所述每个同步分组包括的至少两 个基站中确定能够接收全球定位系统 GPS授时的基站为基准基站， 其中所 述每个同步分组的所述基准基站的帧号与帧定时与 GPS同步。
8. 根据权利要求 1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述定时偏差对 所述待同步基站进行校准之后， 还包括：
在业务空闲时， 周期性确定所述基准基站与所述待同步基站之间的所述 定时偏差；
在所述定时偏差大于第一阔值且小于第二阔值时，使得所述基准基站与 所述待同步基站相对于同一时钟参考源进行频率同步； 或者
在所述定时偏差大于第二阔值时，根据所述定时偏差对所述待同步基站 进行校准， 以使得所述待同步基站完成相对于所述基准基站的帧号和帧定时 同步。
9. 根据权利来要求 1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述定时偏差 对所述待同步基站进行校准之后， 还包括： 在检测到所述基准基站或所述待 同步基站重启时， 重新确定定时偏差， 以便于所述待同步基站根据所述重新 确定的定时偏差对所述待同步基站进行校准， 以使得所述待同步基站完成相 对于所述基准基站的帧号和帧定时同步。
10. 根据权利要求 1-9中任意一项所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述参考 UE发送的同步参考信号包括以下中的至少一种：
物理随机接入信道 PR ACH；
探测参考信号 SRS;
解调参考信号 DMRS。
11. 根据权利要求 1-9中任意一项所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述基准 基站与所述待同步基站之间通过同步以太网或时分复用 TDM同步网组网。
12. 一种同步装置， 其特征在于， 包括：
第一确定单元， 用于确定参考用户设备 UE， 其中所述参考 UE能够同 时与基准基站和待同步基站进行通信， 所述基准基站与所述待同步基站已完 成相对于同一时钟参考源的频率同步；
第二确定单元， 用于根据所述基准基站和所述待同步基站接收到所述参 考 UE发送的同步参考信号的时刻确定所述待同步基站与所述基准接站之间 的定时偏差；
同步校准单元， 用于根据所述定时偏差对所述待同步基站进行校准， 以 使得所述待同步基站完成相对于所述基准基站的帧号和帧定时同步。
13. 根据权利要求 12所述的装置，其特征在于，所述装置还包括接收单 元， 所述接收单元用于：
接收所述基准基站发送的所述基准基站接收到所述同步参考信号的时 刻 Tl， 其中所述时刻 T1为基于所述基准基站的当前帧号和帧定时确定的所 述基准基站接收到所述同步参考信号的相对时刻； 并且
接收所述待同步基站发送的所述待同步基站接收到所述同步参考信号 的时刻 Τ2， 其中所述时刻 Τ2为基于所述待同步基站的当前帧号和帧定时确 定所述待同步基站接收到所述同步参考信号的相对时刻。
14. 根据权利要求 13所述的装置， 其特征在于， 所述第二确定单元具 体用于：根据所述相对时刻 T1和所述相对时刻 Τ2确定所述基准基站与所述 待同步基站之间的所述定时偏差 Δ Τ=Τ1-Τ2。
15. 根据权利要求 12所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第二确定单元还用 于：
确定所述参考 UE与所述基准基站的环路往返时延 RTD测量结果 TA1 ; 并且
确定所述参考 UE与所述待同步基站的 RTD测量结果 ΤΑ2; 根据所述测量结果 TA1和所述测量结果 TA2确定所述参考 UE与所述 基准基站和所述待同步基站之间的距离差造成的偏差 TA1-TA2。
16. 根据权利要求 13或 15所述的装置， 其特征在于， 所述第二确定单 元还用于： 4艮据所述相对时刻 T1和所述相对时刻 T2和所述偏差 TA1-TA2 确定所述基准基站与所述待同步基站之间的所述定时偏差 Δ T=T 1 -Τ2- ( TA1-TA2 )。
17. 根据权利要求 12所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第一确定单元还用 于：
确定至少一个同步分组， 其中所述至少一个同步分组中的每个同步分组 包括至少两个基站；
在所述每个同步分组包括的至少两个基站中确定所述基准基站和所述 待同步基站。
18. 根据权利要求 17所述的装置，其特征在于，在所述至少一个同步分 组包括多个同步分组时， 所述第一确定单元具体用于： 在所述每个同步分组 包括的至少两个基站中确定能够接收全球定位系统 GPS授时的基站为基准 基站， 其中所述每个同步分组的所述基准基站的帧号与帧定时与 GPS同步。
19. 根据权利要求 12所述的装置，其特征在于，所述同步校准单元还用 于：
通过所述第二确定单元，在业务空闲时周期性确定所述基准基站与所述 待同步基站之间的所述定时偏差；
在所述定时偏差大于第一阔值且小于第二阔值时，使得所述基准基站与 所述待同步基站相对于同一时钟参考源进行频率同步； 或者
在所述定时偏差大于第二阔值时，根据所述定时偏差对所述待同步基站 进行校准， 以使得所述待同步基站完成相对于所述基准基站的帧号和帧定时 同步。
20. 根据权利来要求 12所述的装置，其特征在于， 所述同步校准单元还 用于： 在检测到所述基准基站或所述待同步基站重启时， 通过所述第二确定 单元重新确定定时偏差，根据所述重新确定的定时偏差对所述待同步基站进 行校准， 以使得所述待同步基站完成相对于所述基准基站的帧号和帧定时同 步。
21. 根据权利要求 12-20中任意一项所述的装置， 其特征在于， 所述参 考 UE发送的同步参考信号包括以下中的至少一种：
物理随机接入信道 PRACH;
探测参考信号 SRS;
解调参考信号 DMRS。
22. 根据权利要求 12-20中任意一项所述的装置， 其特征在于， 所述基 准基站与所述待同步基站之间通过同步以太网或时分复用 TDM 同步网组 网。
23.—种基站， 其特征在于， 包括上述权利要求 12-22所述的同步装置。
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