WO2015180577A1 - 耦合电感和功率变换器 - Google Patents

耦合电感和功率变换器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015180577A1
WO2015180577A1 PCT/CN2015/079222 CN2015079222W WO2015180577A1 WO 2015180577 A1 WO2015180577 A1 WO 2015180577A1 CN 2015079222 W CN2015079222 W CN 2015079222W WO 2015180577 A1 WO2015180577 A1 WO 2015180577A1
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Prior art keywords
windings
coupled inductor
yoke
winding
magnetic
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2015/079222
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
胡炎申
刘云峰
叶飞
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Priority to EP15800020.8A priority Critical patent/EP3136405B1/en
Publication of WO2015180577A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015180577A1/zh
Priority to US15/358,573 priority patent/US20170076849A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F17/00—Fixed inductances of the signal type
    • H01F17/04—Fixed inductances of the signal type with magnetic core
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/24—Magnetic cores
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/30—Fastening or clamping coils, windings, or parts thereof together; Fastening or mounting coils or windings on core, casing, or other support
    • H01F27/306—Fastening or mounting coils or windings on core, casing or other support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/34—Special means for preventing or reducing unwanted electric or magnetic effects, e.g. no-load losses, reactive currents, harmonics, oscillations, leakage fields
    • H01F27/346—Preventing or reducing leakage fields
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F3/00—Cores, Yokes, or armatures
    • H01F3/10—Composite arrangements of magnetic circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F37/00—Fixed inductances not covered by group H01F17/00
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/34—Special means for preventing or reducing unwanted electric or magnetic effects, e.g. no-load losses, reactive currents, harmonics, oscillations, leakage fields
    • H01F2027/348—Preventing eddy currents

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of power electronics, and more particularly to a coupled inductor and power converter.
  • a multi-level power converter employing interleaved correlation technology includes a plurality of power bridge arms coupled through a plurality of windings or coils in a coupled inductor and operating in an interleaved manner to increase the switching frequency of the output and reduce the ripple current of the output . Since the coupled inductor can create a leakage inductance, if it is directly connected to the load, the filter inductor can be omitted, thereby reducing the cost and system volume.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a coupled inductor and power converter capable of reducing eddy current losses generated in windings of coupled inductors.
  • a coupled inductor comprising: a magnetic core and at least two windings, wherein the magnetic core comprises at least two magnetic columns and two opposing yokes, and at least two magnetic columns are disposed on two opposite magnetic bodies Between the yokes, at least two windings are respectively wound on at least two magnetic columns, at least two windings are in one-to-one correspondence with at least two magnetic columns, and at least two windings do not exceed two opposite yokes in at least one direction. Wherein each of the at least one direction is a direction perpendicular to an axis of the at least two magnetic columns.
  • the two opposing yokes extend beyond at least two windings in at least one direction.
  • two relative The yoke extends beyond the at least two windings in opposite directions.
  • the two opposing yokes extend beyond the at least two windings in four opposite directions.
  • each of the two opposing yokes includes a corner portion that surrounds a portion of the at least two windings.
  • each of the two opposing yokes includes at least one second portion between at least two first portions corresponding to at least two magnetic posts and at least two first portions, the width of the at least two first portions being greater than the width of the at least one second portion.
  • the at least two windings are flush with the two opposing yokes in at least one direction.
  • the two opposing yokes are flush with the at least two windings in opposite directions.
  • the two opposing yokes are flush with the at least two windings in four opposite directions.
  • the at least two magnetic columns comprise two magnetic columns or three magnetic columns.
  • a power converter comprising: at least two power bridge arms; a coupled inductor according to any of the possible implementations of the first aspect, wherein at least two power bridge arms are respectively coupled to the coupled inductor At least two windings are connected.
  • the leakage magnetic field can be reduced to cut the winding of the coupled inductor, thereby Reduce the eddy current losses generated by the coupled inductor windings.
  • Figure 1 shows a cross-sectional view of the structure of a conventional three-magnetic column coupled inductor.
  • FIG. 2A shows a schematic structural view of a coupled inductor in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2B shows an A-A cross-sectional view of the coupled inductor shown in FIG. 2A.
  • FIG. 2C shows a B-B cross-sectional view of the coupled inductor shown in FIG. 2A.
  • FIG. 2D shows a C-C cross-sectional view of the coupled inductor shown in FIG. 2A.
  • FIG. 3A shows a cross-sectional view of a coupled inductor in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3B illustrates another cross-sectional view of a coupled inductor in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional view of a coupled inductor in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5A shows a cross-sectional view of a coupled inductor in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5B illustrates another cross-sectional view of a coupled inductor in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5C shows a further cross-sectional view of a coupled inductor in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a power converter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Embodiments of the present invention are applied to a multilevel power converter employing an interleaved parallel technique.
  • the embodiment of the present invention does not limit the level level of the multilevel power converter.
  • the multilevel power converter can be two-level. Power converters, three-level power converters and five-level power converters, and the like.
  • the embodiment of the present invention does not limit the type of the multi-level power converter.
  • the multi-level power converter may be a diode clamp type multi-level power converter, or may be a capacitor clamp type multi-level power. Converter and so on.
  • Figure 1 shows a cross-sectional view of the structure of a conventional three-magnetic column coupled inductor.
  • FIG. 1 A cross-sectional view along the yz plane of the structure of a conventional three-magnetic column coupled inductor 100 is shown in FIG. 1.
  • the coupled inductor 100 includes magnetic columns 111, 112, and 113, an upper yoke 121 and a lower yoke 122, and are respectively wound around Windings 131, 132 and 133 on magnetic columns 111, 112 and 113.
  • the left side surface of the winding 131 and the right side surface of the 133 extend beyond the left and right sides of the upper yoke 121 and the lower yoke 122, respectively, when a large common mode current passes through the coupled inductor 100, in the air
  • the leakage magnetic field generated by the magnetic flux leakage cuts the inductor windings 131 and 133, which in turn generates eddy current losses in the windings.
  • the coupled inductor When the coupled inductor is located in the power converter When the load is light, the power converter has lower power, and the eddy current loss accounts for a larger proportion of the total power, which leads to a decrease in the efficiency of the power converter.
  • FIG. 2A shows a schematic perspective view of a structure of a coupled inductor 200 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • the coupled inductor 200 shown in FIG. 2A includes a magnetic core and at least two windings, wherein the magnetic core includes at least two magnetic columns 241, 242, ..., 24n and two opposing yokes 221 and 222, at least two The magnetic columns 241, 242, ..., 24n are disposed between the two opposing yokes 221 and 222, and the at least two windings 231, 232, ..., 23n are respectively wound on the at least two magnetic columns 241, 242, ..., 24n, at least two windings 231, 232, ..., 23n are in one-to-one correspondence with at least two magnetic columns 241, 242, ..., 24n, at least two windings 231, 232, ..., 23n at least The two opposing yokes 221 and 222 are not exceeded in one direction, wherein each of the at least one direction is a direction perpendicular to the axis of the at least two magnetic columns.
  • At least one direction may include one or more of an x direction, a y direction, a reverse direction of the x direction, and a reverse direction of the y direction.
  • the side faces of the two opposing yokes include side faces that are perpendicular to the x direction, the y direction, the opposite direction of the x direction, and the opposite direction of the y direction.
  • the z direction is a direction parallel to the axis of the magnetic column, and any two of the x direction, the y direction, and the z direction are perpendicular to each other.
  • the sides of the at least two windings may not exceed the sides of the two opposing yokes in one or more of the x direction, the y direction, the reverse direction of the x direction, and the opposite direction of the y direction, or Within the coverage of the two yokes.
  • each of the at least two windings 231, 232, ..., 23n may not exceed the front sides of the upper yoke 221 and the lower yoke 222.
  • the rear side of each of the at least two windings 231, 232, ..., 23n may not extend beyond the rear sides of the upper yoke 221 and the lower yoke 222 in the opposite direction to the x direction.
  • each of the at least two windings 231, 232, ..., 23n may not exceed the right side of the upper yoke 221 and the lower yoke 222, and in the opposite direction of the y direction, The left side surface of the winding 231 may not exceed the left side faces of the upper yoke 221 and the lower yoke 222.
  • the right side faces of the upper yoke 221 and the lower yoke 222 may extend beyond the right side face of the winding 23n, and in the opposite direction of the y direction, the left side of the upper yoke 221 and the lower yoke 222 The face may be flush with the left side of the winding 231.
  • the winding of the coupled inductor can be reduced by extending the yoke in at least one direction such that at least two windings do not extend beyond the yoke in at least one direction. Cutting, thereby reducing the eddy current losses generated by the coupled inductor windings. Moreover, when the load of the power converter where the coupled inductor is located is light, the efficiency of the power converter can be significantly improved.
  • FIG. 2 is illustrated by the example in which the coupled inductor 200 includes more than three magnetic columns. Those skilled in the art understand that at least two magnetic columns may also include two magnetic columns.
  • FIG. 2 only shows a part of the structure of the structure of the coupled inductor 200, and the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention is described in detail by taking this part of the structure as an example, but the embodiment of the present invention is not limited thereto. this.
  • the two opposing yokes extend beyond at least two windings in at least one direction.
  • the sides of the two opposing yokes extend beyond the sides of at least two windings in one or more of the x-direction, the y-direction, the reverse direction of the x-direction, and the opposite direction of the y-direction.
  • the right side faces of the upper yoke 221 and the lower yoke 222 may extend beyond the right side face of the winding 23n.
  • the left side faces of the upper yoke 221 and the lower yoke 222 may extend beyond the left side surface of the winding 231, thereby reducing the leakage of the magnetic field caused by the leakage magnetic field in the air, thereby reducing Eddy current losses in small windings.
  • the right side faces of the upper yoke 221 and the lower yoke 222 may extend beyond the right side face of the winding 23n, and in the x direction, the front sides of the upper yoke 221 and the lower yoke 222 may exceed One side of each of the at least two windings 231, 232, ..., 23n can reduce the cutting of the winding by the leakage magnetic field generated by the magnetic flux leakage in the air, thereby being able to reduce the eddy current in the winding more loss.
  • two opposing yokes extend beyond at least two windings in opposite directions.
  • FIG. 2B shows an A-A cross-sectional view of the coupled inductor shown in FIG. 2A.
  • the coupled inductor 200 shown in FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view of the coupled inductor 200 shown in FIG. 2A in the y-z plane.
  • At least two magnetic columns 211, 212, ..., 21n of the coupled inductor 200 are disposed between the upper yoke 221 and the lower yoke 222, and at least two windings 231, 232, ..., 23n are respectively It is wound on at least two magnetic columns 211, 212, ..., 21n.
  • the right side faces of the upper yoke 221 and the lower yoke 222 are beyond the right side face of the winding 23n
  • the left side faces of the upper yoke 221 and the lower yoke 222 are beyond the winding 231
  • the normal direction of the right side is the same as the opposite direction of the y direction
  • the normal direction of the left side is the same as the y direction.
  • FIG. 2C shows a B-B cross-sectional view of the coupled inductor shown in FIG. 2A.
  • the coupled inductor 200 shown in FIG. 2C is a cross-sectional view of the coupled inductor 200 shown in FIG. 2A in the x-z plane.
  • any one of the at least two magnetic columns of the coupled inductor 200 is disposed between the upper yoke 221 and the lower yoke 222, and one of the at least two windings is wound on the magnetic post 21i.
  • i takes a value from 1 to n
  • n is an integer greater than or equal to 2.
  • the left side faces of the upper yoke 221 and the lower yoke 222 are beyond the left side face of the winding 23i
  • the right side faces of the upper yoke 221 and the lower yoke 222 are beyond the winding 23i On the right side.
  • the leakage magnetic field generated by the magnetic flux leakage in the air may not cut the inductor winding 23i, and therefore, the eddy current loss caused by cutting the inductor winding coil due to the leakage magnetic field can be greatly reduced.
  • the leakage magnetic field can be reduced to cut the winding of the coupled inductor, thereby reducing the coupling inductance. Eddy current losses generated by the windings. Moreover, when the load of the power converter where the coupled inductor is located is light, the efficiency of the power converter can be significantly improved.
  • FIG. 2D shows a C-C cross-sectional view of the coupled inductor shown in FIG. 2A.
  • the coupled inductor 200 shown in FIG. 2D is a cross-sectional view of the coupled inductor 200 shown in FIG. 2A in the x-y plane.
  • the two opposing yokes extend beyond at least two windings in four opposite directions.
  • At least two magnetic columns 211, 212, ..., 21n of the coupled inductor 200 are disposed between the upper yoke (not shown) and the lower yoke 222, at least two windings 231, 232, ... ..., 23n are wound on at least two magnetic columns 211, 212, ..., 21n, respectively.
  • the front side of the upper yoke (not shown) and the lower yoke 222 extends beyond the front side of each of the at least two windings 231, 232, ..., 23n, in the opposite direction of the x direction,
  • the yoke (not shown) and the rear side of the lower yoke 222 extend beyond the rear side of each of the at least two windings 231, 232, ..., 23n.
  • the right side faces of the upper yoke (not shown) and the lower yoke 222 are beyond the right side face of the winding 23n; in the opposite direction of the y direction, the upper yoke (not shown) and the lower yoke 222 The left side of the winding extends beyond the left side of the winding 231.
  • the winding of the coupled inductor can be reduced by extending the yoke in at least one direction such that at least two windings do not extend beyond the yoke in at least one direction. Cutting, thereby reducing the eddy current losses generated by the coupled inductor windings. Moreover, when the load of the power converter where the coupled inductor is located is light, the efficiency of the power converter can be significantly improved.
  • FIG. 3A shows a cross-sectional view of a coupled inductor 300 in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the coupled inductor 300 shown in FIG. 3A is a cross-sectional view of the coupled inductor 300 in the y-z plane.
  • each of the two opposing yokes comprises an angled portion that surrounds a portion of the at least two windings.
  • the coupled inductor 300 includes magnetic columns 311, 312, and 313, an upper yoke 321 and a lower yoke 322, and windings 331, 332, and 333 wound on the magnetic columns 311, 312, and 313, respectively.
  • the magnetic columns 311, 312, and 313 are disposed on the upper yoke 321 and the lower yoke 322.
  • an upper end portion of the right side surface surrounding the winding 333 is formed in the opposite direction in the z direction, and the upper yoke 321 and the lower portion are formed.
  • a bent portion surrounds the lower end portion of the right side surface of the winding 333 in the z direction.
  • the upper yoke 321 and the lower yoke 322 extend beyond the left side surface of the winding 331 in the reverse direction of the y direction, the upper end portion of the left side surface of the winding 331 is formed in the opposite direction in the z direction, and the upper yoke 321 is formed.
  • a bent portion surrounds the lower end portion of the left side surface of the winding 331 in the z direction.
  • FIG. 3B illustrates another cross-sectional view of a coupled inductor 300 in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the coupled inductor 300 shown in FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional view of the coupled inductor 300 in the x-z plane.
  • the coupled inductor 300 includes a magnetic post 31i, an upper yoke 321 and a lower yoke 322, and a winding 33i wound on the magnetic post 31i.
  • the magnetic post 31i is disposed on the upper yoke 321 and the lower yoke. 322, wherein the value of i is from 1 to 3.
  • an upper end portion of one side of each of the windings 33i is formed in a direction opposite to the z direction in the opposite direction of the z direction, and After the upper yoke 321 and the lower yoke 322 extend beyond one side of each of the windings 33i in the x direction, a bent portion is formed in the z direction to surround the lower end portion of one side of each of the windings 33i.
  • the upper yoke 321 and the lower yoke 322 extend beyond the left side surface of the winding 33i in the x direction, an upper end portion of the left side surface surrounding the winding 33i is formed in the opposite direction of the z direction, and the upper yoke 321 is formed.
  • the lower yoke 322 extends beyond the right side surface of the winding 33i in the opposite direction to the x direction, an upper end portion of the right side surface surrounding the winding 33i is formed in the opposite direction of the z direction, and the upper yoke 321 and the lower yoke are formed.
  • a lower end portion of the left side surface of the winding 33i is formed in the z direction, and the upper yoke 321 and the lower yoke 322 extend beyond the winding 33i in the opposite direction of the x direction.
  • a bent portion is formed in the z direction to surround the lower end portion of the right side surface of the winding 33i.
  • the leakage magnetic field can be reduced to cut the winding of the coupled inductor, thereby reducing the coupling inductance. Eddy current losses generated by the windings. Moreover, when the load of the power converter where the coupled inductor is located is light, the efficiency of the power converter can be significantly improved.
  • the upper yoke 321 and the lower yoke 322 included in the coupled inductor 300 may further extend beyond the six sides of the windings 331, 332, and 333 in the opposite directions of the x direction, the x direction, the y direction, and the y direction. Forming a corner portion in the opposite directions of the z direction and the z direction surrounds a portion of the six sides of the windings 331, 332, and 333, thereby more reducing the leakage of the magnetic field to the winding of the inductor winding, thereby further reducing the magnetic field cutting
  • the eddy current loss generated by the inductor winding coil can improve the efficiency of the system at light loads.
  • FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional view of a coupled inductor 400 in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the coupled inductor 400 shown in FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the coupled inductor 400 in the x-y plane.
  • each of the two opposing yokes comprises at least one second portion between at least two first portions corresponding to at least two magnetic columns and at least two first portions, at least two The width of the first portion is greater than the width of the at least one second portion.
  • At least two magnetic columns 411, 412, ..., 41n of the coupled inductor 400 are disposed between an upper yoke (not shown) and a lower yoke 422, at least two windings 431, 432, ... ..., 43n are wound on at least two magnetic columns 411, 412, ..., 41n, respectively.
  • the upper yoke (not shown) and the lower yoke 422 respectively include n first portions 440 and n-1 second portions 450, wherein each second portion 450 is located between the two first portions 440, and at x In the direction, the width of the first portion 440 is greater than the width of the second portion 450, and n is an integer greater than or equal to two.
  • the sides of the first portion 440 may be flush with the sides of the windings or may extend beyond at least the sides of the windings.
  • the winding of the coupled inductor can be reduced by extending the yoke in at least one direction such that at least two windings do not extend beyond the yoke in at least one direction. Cutting, thereby reducing the eddy current losses generated by the coupled inductor windings. Moreover, when the load of the power converter where the coupled inductor is located is light, the efficiency of the power converter can be significantly improved. At the same time, since only the first partial yoke corresponding to the magnetic column is extended, the cost of the coupled inductor can be reduced.
  • the width of the first portion 440 may be greater than the width of the second portion 450 in the x direction, which can also reduce the leakage of the leakage field to the winding of the inductor winding to a certain extent, thereby reducing the leakage magnetic field. Cutting the eddy current loss generated by the inductor winding coil.
  • the yoke may include a corner portion and the angled portion surrounds the lower end portion and/or the upper end portion of the winding.
  • the at least two windings are flush with the two opposing yokes in at least one direction.
  • the sides of the two opposing yokes are flush with the sides of the at least two windings in one or more of the x-direction, the y-direction, the reverse direction of the x-direction, or the opposite direction of the y-direction.
  • the right side surface of the winding 43n is flush with the upper yoke of the upper yoke (not shown) and the lower yoke 422, or in the opposite direction of the y direction, the left side and the upper side of the winding 431
  • the yoke (not shown) and the left side surface of the lower yoke 422 are flush, and it is possible to reduce the cutting of the winding by the leakage magnetic field generated by the magnetic flux leakage in the air, thereby reducing the eddy current loss in the winding.
  • FIG. 5A shows a cross-sectional view of a coupled inductor 500 in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the coupled inductor 500 shown in FIG. 5A is a cross-sectional view of the coupled inductor 500 in the y-z plane.
  • the two opposing yokes are flush with at least two windings in opposite directions.
  • the coupled inductor 500 includes magnetic posts 511, 512, and 513, an upper yoke 521 and a lower yoke 522, and windings 531, 532, and 533 wound on the magnetic columns 511, 512, and 515, respectively.
  • the magnetic columns 511, 512, and 515 are disposed between the upper yoke 521 and the lower yoke 522.
  • the right side faces of the upper yoke 521 and the lower yoke 522 are flush with the right side face of the winding 53n, and in the opposite direction of the y direction, the left side faces of the upper yoke 521 and the lower yoke 522 are The left side of the winding 531 is flush. In this way, it is possible to reduce the leakage of the leakage magnetic field generated by the magnetic flux leakage in the air to the inductor winding, thereby reducing the eddy current loss caused by the leakage magnetic field cutting the inductor winding coil.
  • FIG. 5B illustrates another cross-sectional view of a coupled inductor 500 in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the coupled inductor 500 shown in FIG. 5B is a cross-sectional view of the coupled inductor 500 in the x-z plane.
  • the coupled inductor 500 includes a magnetic post 51i, an upper yoke 521 and a lower yoke 522, and a winding 53i wound on the magnetic post 51i.
  • the magnetic post 51i is disposed on the upper yoke 521 and the lower yoke. 522, wherein the value of i is from 1 to 3.
  • the front side faces of the upper yoke 521 and the lower yoke 522 are flush with the front side of the winding 53i, and in the opposite direction of the x direction, the rear side faces of the upper yoke 521 and the lower yoke 522 are connected to the winding 53i The back side is flush. In this way, it is possible to reduce the leakage of the leakage magnetic field generated by the magnetic flux leakage in the air to the inductor winding, thereby reducing the eddy current loss caused by the leakage magnetic field cutting the inductor winding coil.
  • the leakage magnetic field can be reduced to cut the winding of the coupled inductor, thereby reducing the coupling inductance. Eddy current losses generated by the windings. Moreover, when the load of the power converter where the coupled inductor is located is light, the efficiency of the power converter can be significantly improved.
  • FIG. 5C illustrates yet another cross-sectional view of coupled inductor 500 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the coupled inductor 500 shown in FIG. 5C is a cross-sectional view of the coupled inductor 500 in the x-y plane.
  • the two opposing yokes are flush with at least two windings in four opposite directions.
  • the coupled inductor 500 includes three magnetic columns 511, 512, and 513 disposed between an upper yoke (not shown) and a lower yoke 522, and three windings 531, 532, and 533 are respectively wound around Three magnetic columns 511, 512 and 513.
  • the front side faces of the upper yoke (not shown) and the lower yoke 522 are flush with the front side of each of the three windings 531, 532, and 533, and in the opposite direction of the x direction, the upper magnetic field
  • the yoke (not shown) and the rear side of the lower yoke 522 are flush with the rear side of each of the three windings 531, 532, and 533.
  • the right side faces of the upper yoke (not shown) and the lower yoke 522 are flush with the right side face of the winding 533, and in the opposite direction of the y direction, the upper yoke (not shown) and the lower side
  • the left side surface of the yoke 522 is flush with the left side surface of the winding 531.
  • the leakage magnetic field can be reduced to cut the winding of the coupled inductor, thereby reducing the coupling inductance. Eddy current losses generated by the windings. Moreover, when the load of the power converter where the coupled inductor is located is light, the efficiency of the power converter can be significantly improved.
  • FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a power converter 600 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Power converter 600 includes at least two power bridge arms and a coupled inductor as in the above embodiments. Coupling electricity At least two windings of the sense are respectively connected to the at least two power bridge arms.
  • the three-way power bridge arm 600 is taken as an example for description.
  • the embodiment of the present invention is not limited thereto.
  • the coupled inductor of the embodiment of the present invention may be connected to multiple power bridge arms, and each power bridge arm corresponds to one of the coupled inductors. Input.
  • the power converter 600 shown in FIG. 6 includes three power bridge arms 660 and a coupled inductor 680.
  • the structure of the coupled inductor 680 is the coupled inductor 500 shown in FIG. 5A in the above-described coupled inductor embodiment, and a detailed description is omitted here.
  • the outputs of the three-way power bridge arms 660 are respectively coupled to the inputs of the three windings 631, 632, and 633 included in the coupled inductor 680.
  • the power bridge arm 1, the power bridge arm 2 and the input end of the power bridge arm 3 are connected in parallel between the two input terminals of the power converter 600, the output of the power bridge arm 1 and the input of the winding 631 of the coupled inductor.
  • the terminal is connected, the output of the power bridge arm 2 is connected to the input of the winding 632 of the coupled inductor, the output of the power bridge arm 3 is connected to the input of the winding 633 of the coupled inductor, and the outputs of the windings 631, 632 and 633 are coupled. Together with and connected to the output of power converter 600.
  • the coupling inductor 680 includes first magnetic poles 611, 612, and 613, an upper yoke 621 and a lower yoke 622, and three windings 631, 632, and 633.
  • the first magnetic columns 611, 612, and 613 are disposed between the upper yoke 621 and the lower yoke 622, and the left and right sides of the upper yoke 621 and the lower yoke 622 are respectively opposite to the left side of the winding 631 and 633.
  • the right side is flush or extends beyond the left side of winding 631 and the right side of 633.
  • Three windings 631, 632, and 633 are wound on the three magnetic columns 611, 612, and 613, respectively.
  • the yoke of the power converter of the embodiment of the present invention extends in at least one direction such that at least two windings do not exceed the yoke in at least one direction, which can reduce the leakage of the leakage magnetic field to the winding of the coupled inductor, thereby reducing Eddy current losses generated by coupled inductor windings. Moreover, when the load of the power converter where the coupled inductor is located is light, the efficiency of the power converter can be significantly improved.

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Abstract

一种耦合电感（200）和功率变换器，该耦合电感包括：磁芯和至少两个绕组（231，232，……，23n）。磁芯包括至少两个磁柱（241，242，……，24n）和两个相对的磁轭（221，222），至少两个磁柱设置在两个相对的磁轭之间，至少两个绕组分别绕制在至少两个磁柱上，至少两个绕组与至少两个磁柱一一对应，至少两个绕组在至少一个方向上不超出两个相对的磁轭，其中，至少一个方向中的每个方向为与两个相对的磁轭的侧面垂直的方向。可以通过在至少一个方向上延伸两个相对的磁轭，使得至少两个绕组在至少一个方向上不超出两个相对的磁轭，减少漏磁场对电感绕组线圈的切割，从而能够减小漏磁场切割电感绕组线圈产生的涡流损耗。

Description

耦合电感和功率变换器
本申请要求于2014年5月27日提交中国专利局、申请号为201410228277.X、发明名称为“耦合电感和功率变换器”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及电力电子领域，尤其涉及一种耦合电感和功率变换器。
背景技术
目前，交错并联技术在电力电子领域的应用越来越广泛，尤其是采用交错关联技术的多电平功率变换器的应用越来越广泛。采用交错关联技术的多电平功率变换器包括的多个功率桥臂通过耦合电感中的多个绕组或线圈耦合，并以交错方式运行，从而可以提高输出的开关频率、降低输出的纹波电流。由于耦合电感可以生生漏感，若直接与负载相连，则可以省去滤波电感，从而降低成本和系统体积。
但是，当耦合电感通过较大的共模电流时，空气中就会存在较大的漏磁场，这样，可能会在耦合电感的绕组中产生涡流损耗。
发明内容
本发明的实施例提供一种耦合电感和功率变换器，能够减小耦合电感的绕组中产生的涡流损耗。
第一方面，提出一种耦合电感，包括：磁芯和至少两个绕组，其中，磁芯包括至少两个磁柱和两个相对的磁轭，至少两个磁柱设置在两个相对的磁轭之间，至少两个绕组分别绕制在至少两个磁柱上，至少两个绕组与至少两个磁柱一一对应，至少两个绕组在至少一个方向上不超出两个相对的磁轭，其中，至少一个方向中的每个方向为与至少两个磁柱的轴线垂直的方向。
结合第一方面，在第一种可能的实现方式下，两个相对的磁轭在至少一个方向上超出至少两个绕组。
结合第一种可能的实现方式，在第二种可能的实现方式下，两个相对的 磁轭在相反的两个方向上超出至少两个绕组。
结合第一种可能的实现方式，在第三种可能的实现方式下，两个相对的磁轭在两两相反的四个方向上超出至少两个绕组。
结合第一方面或第一方面的第一种至第三种可能的实现方式中的任一种可能的实现方式，在第四种可能的实现方式下，两个相对的磁轭中的每个磁轭包括弯角部分，弯角部分包围至少两个绕组的一部分。
结合第一方面或第一方面的第一种至第四种可能的实现方式中的任一种可能的实现方式，在第五种可能的实现方式下，两个相对的磁轭中的每个磁轭包括与至少两个磁柱对应的至少两个第一部分和至少两个第一部分之间的至少一个第二部分，至少两个第一部分的宽度大于至少一个第二部分的宽度。
结合第一方面，在第六种可能的实现方式下，至少两个绕组在至少一个方向上与两个相对的磁轭平齐。
结合第六种可能的实现方式，在第七种可能的实现方式下，两个相对的磁轭在相反的两个方向上与至少两个绕组平齐。
结合第六种可能的实现方式，在第八种可能的实现方式下，两个相对的磁轭在两两相反的四个方向上与所述至少两个绕组平齐。
结合第一方面或上述任何一种可能的实现方式，在第九种可能的实现方式下，至少两个磁柱包括两个磁柱或三个磁柱。
第二方面，提供了一种功率变换器，包括：至少两个功率桥臂；如第一方面的任一种可能的实现方式下的耦合电感，其中至少两个功率桥臂分别与耦合电感的至少两个绕组连接。
在本发明实施例的技术方案中，可以通过将磁轭在至少一个方向上延伸，使得至少两个绕组在至少一个方向上不超出磁轭，能够减少漏磁场对耦合电感的绕组的切割，从而减小耦合电感绕组产生的涡流损耗。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案，下面将对本发明实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1示出了常规三磁柱耦合电感的结构的截面图。
图2A示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的耦合电感的结构示意图。
图2B示出了图2A所示的耦合电感的A-A截面图。
图2C示出了图2A所示的耦合电感的B-B截面图。
图2D示出了图2A所示的耦合电感的C-C截面图。
图3A示出了根据本发明的另一实施例的耦合电感的截面图。
图3B示出了根据本发明的另一实施例的耦合电感的另一截面图。
图4示出了根据本发明的另一实施例的耦合电感的截面图。
图5A示出了根据本发明的另一实施例的耦合电感的截面图。
图5B示出了根据本发明的另一实施例的耦合电感的另一截面图。
图5C示出了根据本发明的另一实施例的耦合电感的再一截面图。
图6是根据本发明的实施例的一种功率变换器的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都应属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明的实施例应用于采用交错并联技术的多电平功率变换器，本发明的实施例对多电平功率变换器的电平等级不作限定，例如，多电平功率变换器可以二电平功率变换器，三电平功率变换器和五电平功率变换器等等。本发明的实施例对多电平功率变换器的类型也不作限定，例如，多电平功率变换器可以为二极管箝位型多电平功率变换器，也可以是电容箝位型多电平功率变换器等等。
图1示出了常规三磁柱耦合电感的结构的截面图。
常规三磁柱耦合电感100的结构的沿y-z平面的截面图如图1所示，耦合电感100包括：磁柱111、112和113，上磁轭121和下磁轭122，以及分别绕制在磁柱111、112和113上的绕组131、132和133。由于绕组131的左侧面和133的右侧面分别超出了上磁轭121和下磁轭122的左、右两个侧面，因此，当较大的共模电流通过耦合电感100时，空气中的漏磁产生的漏磁场切割电感绕组131和133，继而在绕组中产生涡流损耗。当耦合电感所在的功率变换器的 负载较轻时，功率变换器的功率较低，而涡流损耗占总功率的比例较大，则会导致功率变换器的效率降低。
图2A示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的耦合电感200的结构示意性立体图。
如图2A所示的耦合电感200包括：磁芯和至少两个绕组，其中，磁芯包括至少两个磁柱241、242、……、24n和两个相对的磁轭221和222，至少两个磁柱241、242、……、24n设置在两个相对的磁轭221和222之间，至少两个绕组231、232、……、23n分别绕制在至少两个磁柱241、242、……、24n上，至少两个绕组231、232、……、23n与至少两个磁柱241、242、……、24n一一对应，至少两个绕组231、232、……、23n在至少一个方向上不超出两个相对的磁轭221和222，其中，至少一个方向中的每个方向为与至少两个磁柱的轴线垂直的方向。
具体地，根据本发明实施例，至少一个方向可以包括：x方向、y方向、x方向的反方向和y方向的反方向中的一个或者多个方向。两个相对的磁轭的侧面包括与x方向、y方向、x方向的反方向和y方向的反方向垂直的侧面。其中，z方向为与磁柱的轴线平行的方向，x方向、y方向和z方向中的任意两个方向相互垂直。换句话说，至少两个绕组的侧面可以在x方向、y方向、x方向的反方向和y方向的反方向中的一个或多个方向上不超出两个相对的磁轭的侧面，或者说在两个磁轭的覆盖范围内。
例如：在x方向上，至少两个绕组231、232、……、23n中每个绕组的前侧面可以不超出上磁轭221和下磁轭222的前侧面。或者，在x方向的反方向上，至少两个绕组231、232、……、23n中每个绕组的后侧面可以不超出上磁轭221和下磁轭222的后侧面。在y方向上，至少两个绕组231、232、……、23n中每个绕组的右侧面可以不超出上磁轭221和下磁轭222的右侧面，并且在y方向的反方向上，绕组231的左侧面可以不超出上磁轭221和下磁轭222的左侧面。
再如：在y方向上，上磁轭221和下磁轭222的右侧面可以超出绕组23n的右侧面，并且在y方向的反方向上，上磁轭221和下磁轭222的左侧面可以与绕组231的左侧面平齐。
根据本发明实施例，可以通过将磁轭在至少一个方向上延伸，使得至少两个绕组在至少一个方向上不超出磁轭，能够减少漏磁场对耦合电感的绕组 的切割，从而减小耦合电感绕组产生的涡流损耗。而且，当耦合电感所在的功率变换器的负载较轻时，还能明显地提高功率变换器的效率。
图2的实施例以耦合电感200包括三个以上的磁柱为例进行了说明，本领域技术人员理解的是，至少两个磁柱还可以包括两个磁柱。
应理解，为了方便描述，图2仅给出了该耦合电感200的结构的一部分结构，并以这部分结构为例对本发明实施例的技术方案进行详细的描述，但本发明实施例并不仅限于此。
可选地，根据本发明的一个实施例，两个相对的磁轭在至少一个方向上超出至少两个绕组。换句话说，两个相对的磁轭的侧面在x方向、y方向、x方向的反方向和y方向的反方向中的一个或多个方向上超出至少两个绕组的侧面。
例如：在y方向上，上磁轭221和下磁轭222的右侧面可以超出绕组23n的右侧面。或者，在y方向的反方向上，上磁轭221和下磁轭222的左侧面可以超出绕组231的左侧面，就可以减少空气中的漏磁产生的漏磁场对绕组的切割，从而减小绕组中的涡流损耗。
再如：在y方向上，上磁轭221和下磁轭222的右侧面可以超出绕组23n的右侧面，并且在x方向上，上磁轭221和下磁轭222的前侧面可以超出至少两个绕组231、232、……、23n中每个绕组的一个侧面，可以更多地减少空气中的漏磁产生的漏磁场对绕组的切割，从而能够更多地减小绕组中的涡流损耗。
具体地，根据本发明实施例，两个相对的磁轭在相反的两个方向上超出至少两个绕组。
图2B示出了图2A所示的耦合电感的A-A截面图。图2B所示的耦合电感200是y-z平面内图2A所示的耦合电感200的截面图。
如图2B所示，耦合电感200的至少两个磁柱211、212、……、21n设置在上磁轭221和下磁轭222之间，至少两个绕组231、232、……、23n分别绕制在至少两个磁柱211、212、……、21n上。
在y方向上，上磁轭221和下磁轭222的右侧面超出绕组23n的右侧面，并且在y方向的反方向上，上磁轭221和下磁轭222的左侧面超出绕组231的左侧面，其中右侧面的法线方向与y方向的反方向相同，左侧面的法线方向与y方向相同。这样，空气中的漏磁产生的漏磁场切割电感绕组231和23n 的机会就会减少，因此，可以大大的减小由于漏磁场切割电感绕组线圈而产生的涡流损耗。
图2C示出了图2A所示的耦合电感的B-B截面图。图2C所示的耦合电感200是x-z平面内图2A所示的耦合电感200的截面图。
如图2C所示，耦合电感200的至少两个磁柱中的任一磁柱21i设置在上磁轭221和下磁轭222之间，至少两个绕组中的一个绕组23i绕组在磁柱21i上，其中，i的取值从1到n，n是大于或者等于2的整数。
在x方向上，上磁轭221和下磁轭222的左侧面超出绕组23i的左侧面，并且在x方向的反方向上，上磁轭221和下磁轭222的右侧面超出绕组23i的右侧面。空气中的漏磁产生的漏磁场可能不会切割电感绕组23i，因此，可以大大的减小由于漏磁场切割电感绕组线圈而产生的涡流损耗。
根据本发明实施例，可以通过将磁轭在至少一个方向上延伸，使得至少两个绕组在至少一个方向上不超出磁轭，能够减少漏磁场对耦合电感的绕组的切割，从而减小耦合电感绕组产生的涡流损耗。而且，当耦合电感所在的功率变换器的负载较轻时，还能明显地提高功率变换器的效率。
图2D示出了图2A所示的耦合电感的C-C截面图。图2D所示的耦合电感200是x-y平面内图2A所示的耦合电感200的截面图。
根据本发明实施例，两个相对的磁轭在两两相反的四个方向上超出至少两个绕组。
如图2D所示，耦合电感200的至少两个磁柱211、212、……、21n设置在上磁轭(未示出)和下磁轭222之间，至少两个绕组231、232、……、23n分别绕制在至少两个磁柱211、212、……、21n上。
在x方向上，上磁轭(未示出)和下磁轭222的前侧面超出至少两个绕组231、232、……、23n中每个绕组的前侧面，在x方向的反方向上，上磁轭(未示出)和下磁轭222的后侧面超出至少两个绕组231、232、……、23n中每个绕组的后侧面。
在y方向上，上磁轭(未示出)和下磁轭222的右侧面超出绕组23n的右侧面；在y方向的反方向上，上磁轭(未示出)和下磁轭222的左侧面超出了绕组231的左侧面。
根据本发明实施例，可以通过将磁轭在至少一个方向上延伸，使得至少两个绕组在至少一个方向上不超出磁轭，能够减少漏磁场对耦合电感的绕组 的切割，从而减小耦合电感绕组产生的涡流损耗。而且，当耦合电感所在的功率变换器的负载较轻时，还能明显地提高功率变换器的效率。
为了方便描述本发明的实施例，以三磁柱为例对本发明实施例的技术方案进行详细的说明，但本发明实施例并不仅限于此。
图3A示出了根据本发明的另一实施例的耦合电感300的截面图。图3A所示的耦合电感300是y-z平面内耦合电感300的截面图。
根据本发明实施例，两个相对的磁轭中的每个磁轭包括弯角部分，弯角部分包围至少两个绕组的一部分。
如图3A所示，耦合电感300包括：磁柱311、312和313，上磁轭321和下磁轭322，以及分别绕制在磁柱311、312和313上的绕组331、332和333，其中，磁柱311、312和313设置在上磁轭321和下磁轭322。
上磁轭321和下磁轭322在y方向上超出绕组333的右侧面后，在z方向的反方向形成弯角部分包围绕组333的右侧面的上端部分，并且上磁轭321和下磁轭322在y方向上超出绕组333的侧面后，在z方向形成弯角部分包围绕组333的右侧面的下端部分。
上磁轭321和下磁轭322在y方向的反方向超出绕组331的左侧面后，在z方向的反方向形成弯角部分包围绕组331的左侧面的上端部分，并且上磁轭321和下磁轭322在y方向上超出绕组331的左侧面后，在z方向形成弯角部分包围绕组331的左侧面的下端部分。
图3B示出了根据本发明的另一实施例的耦合电感300的另一截面图。图3B所示的耦合电感300是x-z平面内耦合电感300的截面图。
如图3B所示，耦合电感300包括：磁柱31i，上磁轭321和下磁轭322，以及绕制在磁柱31i上的绕组33i，磁柱31i设置在上磁轭321和下磁轭322，其中,i的取值从1到3。
上磁轭321和下磁轭322在x方向上超出绕组33i中每个绕组的一个侧面后，在z方向的反方向形成弯角部分包围绕组33i中每个绕组的一个侧面的上端部分，并且上磁轭321和下磁轭322在x方向上超出绕组33i中每个绕组的一个侧面后，在z方向形成弯角部分包围绕组33i中每个绕组的一个侧面的下端部分。
上磁轭321和下磁轭322在x方向上超出绕组33i的左侧面后，在z方向的反方向形成弯角部分包围绕组33i的左侧面的上端部分，上磁轭321 和下磁轭322在x方向的反方向上超出绕组33i的右侧面后，在z方向的反方向形成弯角部分包围绕组33i的右侧面的上端部分，并且上磁轭321和下磁轭322在x方向上超出绕组33i的左侧面后，在z方向形成弯角部分包围绕组33i的左侧面的下端部分，上磁轭321和下磁轭322在x方向的反方向上超出绕组33i的右侧面后，在z方向形成弯角部分包围绕组33i的右侧面的下端部分。
根据本发明实施例，可以通过将磁轭在至少一个方向上延伸，使得至少两个绕组在至少一个方向上不超出磁轭，能够减少漏磁场对耦合电感的绕组的切割，从而减小耦合电感绕组产生的涡流损耗。而且，当耦合电感所在的功率变换器的负载较轻时，还能明显地提高功率变换器的效率。
应理解，耦合电感300包括的上磁轭321和下磁轭322还可以在x方向、x方向的反方向、y方向和y方向的反方向上超出绕组331、332和333的六个侧面后，在z方向和z方向的反方向形成弯角部分包围绕组331、332和333的六个侧面的一部分，从而能够更多的减少漏磁场对电感绕组线圈的切割，从而更多的减小磁场切割电感绕组线圈产生的涡流损耗，进而能够提高系统轻载时的效率。
图4示出了根据本发明的另一实施例的耦合电感400的截面图。图4所示的耦合电感400是x-y平面内耦合电感400的截面图。
根据本发明实施例，两个相对的磁轭中的每个磁轭包括与至少两个磁柱对应的至少两个第一部分和至少两个第一部分之间的至少一个第二部分，至少两个第一部分的宽度大于至少一个第二部分的宽度。
如图4所示，耦合电感400的至少两个磁柱411、412、……、41n设置在上磁轭(未示出)和下磁轭422之间，至少两个绕组431、432、……、43n分别绕制在至少两个磁柱411、412、……、41n上。上磁轭(未示出)和下磁轭422分别包括n个第一部分440和n-1个第二部分450，其中，每个第二部分450位于两个第一部分440之间，且在x方向上，第一部分440的宽度大于第二部分450的宽度，n是大于或者等于2的整数。
换句话说，第一部分440侧面可以与绕组的侧面平齐，也可以超出至少绕组的侧面。
根据本发明实施例，可以通过将磁轭在至少一个方向上延伸，使得至少两个绕组在至少一个方向上不超出磁轭，能够减少漏磁场对耦合电感的绕组 的切割，从而减小耦合电感绕组产生的涡流损耗。而且，当耦合电感所在的功率变换器的负载较轻时，还能明显地提高功率变换器的效率。同时，由于只是延伸了与磁柱相对应的第一部分磁轭，所以能够降低耦合电感的成本。
应理解，根据本发明实施例，在x方向上，第一部分440的宽度可以大于第二部分450的宽度，这样也能够在一定程度上减少漏磁场对电感绕组线圈的切割，从而减小漏磁场切割电感绕组线圈产生的涡流损耗。
还应理解，根据本发明实施例，磁轭可以包括弯角部分，并且该变角部分包围绕组的下端部分和/或上端部分。
可选地，作为本发明的另一实施例，至少两个绕组在至少一个方向上与两个相对的磁轭平齐。换句话说，两个相对的磁轭的侧面在x方向、y方向、x方向的反方向或y方向的反方向中的一个或多个方向上与至少两个绕组的侧面平齐。
例如：在y方向上，绕组43n的右侧面与上磁轭(未示出)和下磁轭422的右侧面平齐，或者在y方向的反方向上，绕组431的左侧面与上磁轭(未示出)和下磁轭422的左侧面平齐，就能够减少空气中的漏磁产生的漏磁场对绕组的切割，从而减小绕组中的涡流损耗。
为了方便描述本发明的实施例，下面以三磁柱为例对本发明实施例的技术方案进行详细的说明，但本发明实施例并不仅限于此。
图5A示出了根据本发明的另一实施例的耦合电感500的截面图。图5A所示的耦合电感500是y-z平面内耦合电感500的截面图。
在本实施例中，两个相对的磁轭在相反的两个方向上与至少两个绕组平齐。
如图5A所示，耦合电感500包括：磁柱511、512和513，上磁轭521和下磁轭522，以及分别绕制在磁柱511、512和515上的绕组531、532和533，其中，磁柱511、512和515设置在上磁轭521和下磁轭522之间。
在y方向上，上磁轭521和下磁轭522的右侧面与绕组53n的右侧面平齐，并且在y方向的反方向上，上磁轭521和下磁轭522的左侧面与绕组531的左侧面平齐。这样，能够减少空气中的漏磁产生的漏磁场对电感绕组的切割，从而减小了由于漏磁场切割电感绕组线圈而产生的涡流损耗。
图5B示出了根据本发明的另一实施例的耦合电感500的另一截面图。图5B所示的耦合电感500是x-z平面内耦合电感500的截面图。
如图5B所示，耦合电感500包括：磁柱51i，上磁轭521和下磁轭522，以及绕制在磁柱51i上的绕组53i，磁柱51i设置在上磁轭521和下磁轭522，其中,i的取值从1到3。
在x方向上，上磁轭521和下磁轭522的前侧面与绕组53i的前侧面平齐，并且在x方向的反方向上，上磁轭521和下磁轭522的后侧面与绕组53i的后侧面平齐。这样，能够减少空气中的漏磁产生的漏磁场对电感绕组的切割，从而减小了由于漏磁场切割电感绕组线圈而产生的涡流损耗。
根据本发明实施例，可以通过将磁轭在至少一个方向上延伸，使得至少两个绕组在至少一个方向上不超出磁轭，能够减少漏磁场对耦合电感的绕组的切割，从而减小耦合电感绕组产生的涡流损耗。而且，当耦合电感所在的功率变换器的负载较轻时，还能明显地提高功率变换器的效率。
图5C示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的耦合电感500的再一截面图。图5C所示的耦合电感500是x-y平面内耦合电感500的截面图。
根据本发明的实施例，两个相对的磁轭在两两相反的四个方向上与至少两个绕组平齐。
如图5C所示，耦合电感500包括：三个磁柱511、512和513设置在上磁轭(未示出)和下磁轭522之间，三个绕组531、532和533分别绕制在三个磁柱511、512和513上。
在x方向上，上磁轭(未示出)和下磁轭522的前侧面与三个绕组531、532和533中每个绕组的前侧面平齐，并且在x方向的反方向上，上磁轭(未示出)和下磁轭522的后侧面与三个绕组531、532和533中每个绕组的后侧面平齐。
在y方向上，上磁轭(未示出)和下磁轭522的右侧面与绕组533的右侧面平齐，并且在y方向的反方向上，上磁轭(未示出)和下磁轭522的左侧面与绕组531的左侧面平齐。
根据本发明实施例，可以通过将磁轭在至少一个方向上延伸，使得至少两个绕组在至少一个方向上不超出磁轭，能够减少漏磁场对耦合电感的绕组的切割，从而减小耦合电感绕组产生的涡流损耗。而且，当耦合电感所在的功率变换器的负载较轻时，还能明显地提高功率变换器的效率。
图6是根据本发明的实施例的一种功率变换器600的结构示意图。功率变换器600包括：至少两路功率桥臂和如上述实施例的耦合电感。该耦合电 感的至少两个绕组分别与该至少两个功率桥臂相连接。
以三路功率桥臂600为例进行说明，本发明的实施例并不仅限于此，本发明的实施例的耦合电感可以与多路功率桥臂连接，每路功率桥臂对应于耦合电感的一个输入端。
如图6所示的功率变换器600包括：三路功率桥臂660和耦合电感680。其中，耦合电感680的结构如上述耦合电感实施例中图5A所示的耦合电感500，在此适当省略详细的描述。三路功率桥臂660的输出端分别与耦合电感680包括的三个绕组631、632和633的输入端连接。
具体地，功率桥臂1、功率桥臂2和功率桥臂3的输入端并联连接在功率变换器600的两个输入端之间，功率桥臂1的输出端与耦合电感的绕组631的输入端连接，功率桥臂2的输出端与耦合电感的绕组632的输入端连接，功率桥臂3的输出端与耦合电感的绕组633的输入端连接，绕组631、632和633的输出端耦合在一起并且与功率变换器600的输出端相连接。其中，耦合电感680包括：第一磁柱611、612和613，上磁轭621和下磁轭622，以及三个绕组631、632和633。第一磁柱611、612和613设置在上磁轭621和下磁轭622之间，且上磁轭621和下磁轭622的左、右两个侧面分别与绕组631的左侧面和633的右侧面平齐或者超出绕组631的左侧面和633的右侧面。三个绕组631、632和633分别绕制在三个磁柱611、612和613上。
因此，本发明实施例的功率变换器的磁轭在至少一个方向上延伸，使得至少两个绕组在至少一个方向上不超出磁轭，能够减少漏磁场对耦合电感的绕组的切割，从而减小耦合电感绕组产生的涡流损耗。而且，当耦合电感所在的功率变换器的负载较轻时，还能明显地提高功率变换器的效率。
尽管通过参考附图并结合优选实施例的方式对本发明进行了详细描述，但本发明并不限于此。在不脱离本发明的精神和实质的前提下，本领域普通技术人员可以对本发明的实施例进行各种等效的修改或替换，而这些修改或替换都应在本发明的涵盖范围内。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种耦合电感，其特征在于，包括：磁芯和至少两个绕组，
    所述磁芯包括至少两个磁柱和两个相对的磁轭，所述至少两个磁柱设置在所述两个相对的磁轭之间，所述至少两个绕组分别绕制在所述至少两个磁柱上，所述至少两个绕组与所述至少两个磁柱一一对应，所述至少两个绕组在至少一个方向上不超出所述两个相对的磁轭，其中，所述至少一个方向中的每个方向为与所述至少两个磁柱的轴线垂直的方向。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的耦合电感，其特征在于，所述两个相对的磁轭在所述至少一个方向上超出所述至少两个绕组。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的耦合电感，其特征在于，所述两个相对的磁轭在相反的两个方向上超出所述至少两个绕组。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的耦合电感，其特征在于，所述两个相对的磁轭在两两相反的四个方向上超出所述至少两个绕组。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的耦合电感，其特征在于，所述两个相对的磁轭中的每个磁轭包括弯角部分，所述弯角部分包围所述至少两个绕组的一部分。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的耦合电感，其特征在于，所述两个相对的磁轭中的每个磁轭包括与所述至少两个磁柱对应的至少两个第一部分和所述至少两个第一部分之间的至少一个第二部分，所述至少两个第一部分的宽度大于所述至少一个第二部分的宽度。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的耦合电感，其特征在于，所述至少两个绕组在至少一个方向上与所述两个相对的磁轭平齐。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的耦合电感，其特征在于，所述两个相对的磁轭在相反的两个方向上与所述至少两个绕组平齐。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的耦合电感，其特征在于，所述两个相对的磁轭在两两相反的四个方向上与所述至少两个绕组平齐。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9中任一项所述的耦合电感，其特征在于，所述至少两个磁柱包括两个磁柱或三个磁柱。
  11. 一种功率变换器，其特征在于，包括：
    至少两个功率桥臂；
    根据权利要求1-10中任一项所述的耦合电感，其中所述至少两个功率 桥臂分别与所述耦合电感的至少两个绕组连接。
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