WO2015190082A1 - 抵抗スポット溶接装置および抵抗スポット溶接方法 - Google Patents
抵抗スポット溶接装置および抵抗スポット溶接方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015190082A1 WO2015190082A1 PCT/JP2015/002847 JP2015002847W WO2015190082A1 WO 2015190082 A1 WO2015190082 A1 WO 2015190082A1 JP 2015002847 W JP2015002847 W JP 2015002847W WO 2015190082 A1 WO2015190082 A1 WO 2015190082A1
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- welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
- B23K11/24—Electric supply or control circuits therefor
- B23K11/25—Monitoring devices
- B23K11/252—Monitoring devices using digital means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
- B23K11/24—Electric supply or control circuits therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
- B23K11/10—Spot welding; Stitch welding
- B23K11/11—Spot welding
- B23K11/115—Spot welding by means of two electrodes placed opposite one another on both sides of the welded parts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
- B23K11/24—Electric supply or control circuits therefor
- B23K11/25—Monitoring devices
- B23K11/252—Monitoring devices using digital means
- B23K11/257—Monitoring devices using digital means the measured parameter being an electrical current
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
- B23K11/24—Electric supply or control circuits therefor
- B23K11/25—Monitoring devices
- B23K11/252—Monitoring devices using digital means
- B23K11/258—Monitoring devices using digital means the measured parameter being a voltage
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K31/00—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by any single one of main groups B23K1/00 - B23K28/00
- B23K31/12—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by any single one of main groups B23K1/00 - B23K28/00 relating to investigating the properties, e.g. the weldability, of materials
- B23K31/125—Weld quality monitoring
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/006—Vehicles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/18—Sheet panels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
- B23K2103/04—Steel or steel alloys
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a resistance spot welding apparatus capable of forming an appropriate nugget by adaptive control welding technology. Moreover, this invention relates to the resistance spot welding method which welds using said resistance spot welding apparatus.
- a resistance spot welding method which is a kind of a lap resistance welding method, is used for joining the stacked steel plates.
- This welding method is a method in which two or more stacked steel plates are sandwiched between a pair of electrodes from the top and bottom and pressed, and a high welding current is applied between the upper and lower electrodes for a short period of time.
- a spot-like weld is obtained using resistance heat generated by flowing.
- This spot-like weld is called a nugget and is the part where both steel plates melt and solidify at the contact points of the steel plates when an electric current is passed through the stacked steel plates.
- the nugget diameter is determined by welding conditions such as welding current, energization time, electrode shape, and applied pressure. Therefore, in order to form an appropriate nugget diameter, it is necessary to appropriately set the above-described welding conditions in accordance with the welded material conditions such as the material of the welded material, the plate thickness, and the number of stacked sheets.
- the welding material conditions such as the material of the welded material, the plate thickness, and the number of stacked sheets are the same at each welding location, the welding conditions such as the welding current, energization time, and applied pressure are also the same under the same conditions.
- the diameter can be obtained.
- the welding material contact surface of the electrode gradually wears as the welding is performed a plurality of times, and the contact area between the electrode and the welding material gradually increases.
- a resistance welding apparatus having a function (stepper function) for increasing a welding current value after performing a predetermined number of weldings to compensate for a decrease in current density due to electrode wear has been conventionally used. Yes.
- this stepper function it is necessary to appropriately set the above-described welding current change pattern in advance.
- a predetermined welding current change pattern is not always appropriate.
- the contact area between the steel plates is reduced by increasing the gap between the steel plates, and the required nugget diameter is reduced. It may not be obtained or scattering may occur easily.
- Patent Document 1 describes a resistance welding machine control device that can obtain a set nugget by comparing the estimated temperature distribution of a welded portion with a target nugget to control the output of the welding machine. Has been.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a resistance welding machine that detects welding current and chip-to-chip voltage, simulates a weld by heat conduction calculation, and estimates the nugget formation state, thereby performing good welding. The welding condition control method is described.
- the cumulative heat generation amount per unit volume capable of satisfactorily welding the workpiece is calculated from the plate thickness of the workpiece and the energization time, and the calculated unit volume / unit is calculated.
- a welding system is described that performs a process of adjusting to a welding current or voltage that generates a calorific value per hour.
- good welding can be performed regardless of the type of the workpiece and the wear state of the electrodes.
- Patent Document 4 a curve that takes power and current or a square value of current is calculated every half cycle during energization, and the formation state of the nugget is determined by the transition, and the current value of the subsequent cycle or A welding method is described in which the applied pressure is adjusted or the current is cut off at that time.
- Patent Document 4 since the welding method of Patent Document 4 monitors the increase or decrease of the current every half cycle and changes the curve shape of the decreasing process, it assumes welding with an AC power source and cannot be used with a DC power source.
- the means for suppressing the occurrence of scattering is any one of adjustment of the current value, the applied pressure, and the energization time, but the necessity of adjusting each of them is not described.
- Patent Documents 1 to 4 are effective against changes in the case where the electrode tip is worn, but there is a contact point due to a short distance from the welded point or unevenness between the steel plates.
- the present invention advantageously solves the above problem, and a resistance spot welding apparatus capable of obtaining a nugget of an appropriate diameter without occurrence of scattering even in a special case where the welding conditions are as described above. It aims at proposing with the resistance spot welding method using this welding device.
- the inventors have obtained the following knowledge.
- the form of heat generation and energization that is, the time change of the temperature distribution and current density distribution of the weld may deviate significantly from the pattern that produced the desired weld. In this case, the required nugget diameter may not be obtained or scattering may occur.
- the resistance between the steel plates to be welded is high, and the current carrying diameter is not secured. Therefore, for example, when there is a contact point of the welded material near the point to be welded and the gap between the welded materials is large, a shunt to the contact point occurs, and the contact diameter between the welded materials at the point of welding Therefore, depending on the plate assembly, the interelectrode resistance value may increase. For this reason, the apparatus misrecognizes that the accumulated heat generation at the welding point is excessive. As a result, the current value during adaptive control decreases and the required nugget diameter is not achieved. Alternatively, when the flow rate to the contact point increases and the inter-electrode resistance value decreases, the current value increases in a state where the contact diameter between the workpieces is small, and the risk of occurrence of scattering increases.
- the inventors have found that it is effective to control not only the current and voltage during energization, but also the pressure applied to the welded material during energization as necessary. Obtained. Specifically, by forming and growing a nugget in a state where a constant current diameter is ensured by controlling the pressure applied to the material to be welded, the intended purpose is advantageously achieved regardless of electrode wear and disturbance. I found out. The present invention is based on the above findings.
- the gist configuration of the present invention is as follows. 1. It is a resistance spot welding device that joins a material to be welded by laminating a plurality of metal plates between a pair of electrodes and energizing them while applying pressure, Temporal change in instantaneous heat generation per unit volume and cumulative heat generation per unit volume calculated from the electrical characteristics between the electrodes when a proper nugget is formed by energizing with constant current control during test welding prior to main welding A storage unit for storing the amount as a target value; At the time of the main welding, welding is started on the basis of the time change curve of the instantaneous heat generation amount per unit volume stored as the target value, and the time change amount of the instantaneous heat generation amount per unit volume of the main welding is the reference.
- a resistance spot welding apparatus comprising: an adaptive control unit that controls a current value or a voltage value during energization and a pressurization control unit that controls a pressurization force to the workpiece.
- the present invention it is possible to obtain a good nugget without occurrence of scattering even under a condition where the electrode is worn or under welding conditions in which the influence of disturbance such as a diversion or a plate gap is large.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration of a resistance spot welding apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- reference numeral 1 denotes a resistance spot welding power source
- 2 denotes an adaptive control unit that gives a control signal to the resistance spot welding power source 1
- 3 denotes a welding current detection unit, and the detected signal is input to the adaptive control unit 2.
- a secondary conductor 4 is connected to the output of the resistance spot welding power source 1 and is connected to the electrode 7 in order to energize the electrode 7.
- Reference numeral 5 denotes a lower arm, and 6 denotes a pressure cylinder, to which an electrode 7 is attached.
- Reference numeral 9 denotes an interelectrode voltage detection line attached to the electrode 7, which is put in the adaptive control unit 2.
- the adaptive control unit 2 can switch between a mode for performing test welding and a mode for performing main welding.
- Reference numeral 10 denotes a pressurizing control unit, which sends a signal to the pressurizing cylinder 6 in accordance with the adjustment of the current value or voltage value by the adaptive control unit 2 to vary the pressurizing force on the workpiece.
- the resistance spot welding apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention is an instantaneous heat generation per unit volume, which is calculated from the electrical characteristics between the electrodes when a proper nugget is formed by energization by constant current control during test welding.
- a storage unit (not shown) is provided that stores the amount of change over time and the cumulative calorific value per unit volume as target values.
- the instantaneous heat generation amount per unit volume is calculated from the current input from the welding current detection unit 3 and the voltage input from the interelectrode voltage detection line 9, and the time change is stored in the storage unit.
- the cumulative calorific value per unit volume is stored as a target value.
- energization is started under the welding conditions of the test welding, and the adaptive control unit 2 receives the current input from the welding current detection unit 3 and the inter-electrode voltage detection line 9.
- the instantaneous calorific value is calculated at each sampling time from the voltage, and the instantaneous calorific value at each time is compared with the instantaneous calorific value stored as the target value in the storage unit.
- the current value or voltage value, and further the applied pressure are controlled according to the difference.
- the welding current or voltage adaptively controlled by the adaptive control unit 2 is applied to the workpiece 8 so that the cumulative heating value in the main welding matches the cumulative heating value stored as the target value.
- the pressure control unit 10 is configured to apply a pressing force to the workpiece 8.
- test welding will be described. Using the same steel type and thickness as the material to be welded in the main welding, pre-welding under various conditions under constant current control with no diversion to the existing welding point or plate gap, and testing Find the optimum welding conditions (current value, voltage value, energizing time and pressure).
- An inverter DC resistance spot welder is suitable as the welder, and a chromium copper electrode or an alumina-dispersed copper electrode is advantageously adapted as the electrode.
- the electrical characteristic between the electrodes means an interelectrode resistance or an interelectrode voltage.
- the energization pattern in the test welding can be divided into two or more multi-steps. For example, the energization pattern can be divided into two steps, with the point of time when the melted portion starts to be formed between the steel plates that are the welded materials (the point when the energization path begins to be formed immediately below the electrodes) as the step division timing. .
- the main welding is performed.
- This welding starts welding based on the time change curve of instantaneous calorific value per unit volume obtained in the above test welding, and the time change amount of instantaneous heat generation amount is based on the time change curve which is the reference In this case, welding is performed as it is, and the welding is finished.
- adaptive control welding that controls the amount of current, that is, the current value or voltage value is performed according to the difference.
- the cumulative heat generation amount per unit volume in the main welding (hereinafter simply referred to as “cumulative heat generation amount in the main welding”) is stored as a target value in the test welding (hereinafter simply referred to as “test”). This difference is compensated within the remaining energization time of the step so as to coincide with the “accumulated heat generation amount”.
- This welding method also controls the applied pressure to the workpiece to be welded so that the cumulative heating value in the main welding coincides with the cumulative heating value in the test welding simultaneously with the above control of the energization amount. It is characterized by. As a result, even when the tip of the electrode is worn or the influence of disturbance such as a diversion or a plate gap is large, a necessary accumulated heat generation amount can be secured and an appropriate nugget diameter can be obtained.
- the calorific value q per unit volume / unit time can be calculated from the voltage V between electrodes, the total thickness t of the workpiece, and the electrical resistivity r of the workpiece, And the area S where the workpiece is in contact is not affected.
- the calorific value is calculated from the interelectrode voltage V in the expression (3)
- the calorific value q can also be calculated from the interelectrode current I.
- the area S where the electrode and the work piece are in contact with each other can also be calculated. Need not be used.
- the cumulative calorific value Q per unit volume applied to welding is obtained.
- the cumulative calorific value Q per unit volume can also be calculated without using the area S where the electrode and the workpiece are in contact. As described above, the case where the cumulative heat generation amount Q is calculated by the method described in Patent Document 3 has been described, but it goes without saying that other calculation formulas may be used.
- this welding method compensates for this difference within the remaining energization time when the amount of time change in instantaneous heat generation per unit volume of main welding deviates from the reference time change curve. It is characterized in that the current value and the voltage value are controlled and the applied pressure during energization is controlled so that the cumulative heat generation amount in welding coincides with the cumulative heat generation amount in test welding. This makes it possible to form and grow a nugget in a state where a constant energization diameter is ensured regardless of disturbance, and to suppress the erroneous recognition of the heat generation amount due to the plate gap and the change in the heat generation form due to the diversion. it can.
- a guideline for controlling the applied pressure is a difference in heat generation between the main welding and the test welding, in particular, a difference in cumulative heat generation per unit volume when a certain time has elapsed from the start of energization. For example, when the cumulative heat generation amount per unit volume when a certain amount of time has elapsed since the start of energization in main welding is greater than the cumulative heat generation amount per unit volume when a certain amount of time has elapsed since the start of energization in test welding, The subsequent pressurizing force is increased according to the difference. This is because the effect of changing the contact diameter is insufficient, although there is an effect of changing the energization diameter by the current value control.
- the cumulative heat generation amount per unit volume at the time when a certain time has elapsed from the start of energization in test welding can be obtained by accumulating the instantaneous heat generation amount per unit volume from the start of energization in test welding to the time point.
- the time from the start of energization to the start of pressurization control is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 10 cyc.
- the above-described effects can be obtained effectively by setting the time for changing the applied pressure in accordance with the difference in accumulated heat generation between the main welding and the test welding described above within a range of 1 to 30 cyc. If it is less than 1 cyc, the energized diameter cannot be ensured by increasing the applied pressure. On the other hand, if it exceeds 30 cyc, the applied pressure increases during nugget growth and the heat generation efficiency may decrease. In the case of a plate assembly in which the variation in resistance value becomes large or the influence of disturbance is large, the range of 2 to 20 cyc is preferable.
- the plate assembly and construction state in which the influence of the energized diameter is particularly large on the nugget formation during energization For example, in the case of a plate assembly having a high sheet thickness ratio of 3 or more, a state in which the gap between the steel plates is very large, etc., by controlling the applied pressure sequentially while simultaneously controlling the current value, The obtained effect can be obtained more effectively.
- the material to be welded in the present invention is not particularly limited, and can be applied to welding light metal plates such as various plated steel plates and aluminum alloys, including steel plates having various strengths from mild steel to ultra high strength steel plates.
- the present invention can also be applied to a plate assembly in which the above is overlaid. Moreover, there is no problem even if post-energization for heat treatment of the welded portion is applied after energization for nugget formation.
- Examples of the present invention are shown below.
- As the material to be welded 590 MPa class and 980 MPa class cold rolled steel sheets (thickness: 1.6 mm) were used. Two pieces of this material to be welded were overlapped, and preliminary welding was performed by constant current control in a state where there was no gap or diversion to the existing welding point, and the welding conditions for obtaining an appropriate nugget diameter were obtained.
- An inverter DC resistance spot welder was used as the welding machine, and a 6 mm chrome copper electrode with a DR tip was used as the electrode.
- a steel plate 13 for spacers (plate thickness 1.5 mm, distance between spacers 30 mm) is inserted between the materials to be welded 11 and 12 (plate thickness 1.6 mm), and based on the above test welding, Resistance spot welding was performed using a resistance spot welding apparatus as shown in FIG. That is, resistance spot welding was performed based on the time change curve of instantaneous calorific value per unit volume obtained by test welding. In addition, the section in which the pressurization control was performed was between 5 cyc from 1 cyc to 6 cyc after energization.
- reference numeral 14 denotes an electrode. The obtained nugget diameter was 5.2 mm, and a nugget diameter comparable to that of test welding could be secured. Moreover, no scattering occurred.
- Table 1 shows the results when welding was performed under various plate assemblies and construction conditions.
- resistance spot welding was performed using a resistance spot welding apparatus as shown in FIG. 1 to control the current value and the applied pressure.
- Nos. 3, 4, and 6 resistance spot welding was performed without controlling the applied pressure.
- the test welding energization pattern was divided into two stages, a first step and a second step, and a cooling time was provided between the steps.
- the applied pressure in the test welding of condition No. 7 was the same in the first step and the second step.
- the target nugget diameter in test welding is 4 ⁇ t
- the nugget diameter is 3.5 ⁇ t or more and no scattering occurs
- the nugget diameter is less than 3.5 ⁇ t or scattering occurs ⁇ As evaluated.
- Resistance spot welding power source 2 Adaptive control part which gives control signal to resistance spot welding power source 3 Welding current detection part 4 Secondary conductor connected to output of resistance spot welding power source 5 Lower arm 6 Pressure cylinder 7 Electrode 8 Welded Material 9 Voltage detection line between electrodes 10 Pressure controller 11, 12 Material to be welded 13 Spacer 14 Electrode
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Abstract
Description
また、本発明は、上記の抵抗スポット溶接装置を用いて溶接を行う抵抗スポット溶接方法に関するものである。
この溶接法は、重ね合わせた2枚以上の鋼板をその上下から一対の電極で挟み、加圧しつつ、上下電極間に高い溶接電流を短時間通電して接合する方法であり、高い溶接電流を流すことで発生する抵抗発熱を利用して、点状の溶接部が得られる。この点状の溶接部はナゲットと呼ばれ、重ね合わせた鋼板に電流を流した際に鋼板の接触箇所で両鋼板が溶融し、凝固した部分であり、これにより鋼板同士が点状に接合される。
例えば、特許文献1には、推算した溶接部の温度分布と目標ナゲットを比較して溶接機の出力を制御することによって、設定されたナゲットを得られるようにした抵抗溶接機の制御装置が記載されている。
例えば、溶接する点の近くに被溶接材の接触点があり、かつ被溶接材間の板隙が大きいときは、電極間抵抗値が増大するため、電流値が低下して必要とするナゲット径が確保できないという問題がある。
適応制御溶接による抵抗スポット溶接を行うにあたっては、発熱や通電の形態、つまり溶接部の温度分布や電流密度分布の時間変化が目標とする良好な溶接部が得られたパターンから大きく外れる場合があり、この場合には必要とするナゲット径が得られなかったり、散りが発生したりする。
本発明は、上記の知見に立脚するものである。
1.複数枚の金属板を重ね合わせた被溶接材を、一対の電極によって挟み、加圧しながら通電して接合する抵抗スポット溶接装置であって、
本溶接に先立つテスト溶接時に、定電流制御により通電して適正なナゲットを形成する場合の電極間の電気特性から算出される、単位体積当たりの瞬時発熱量の時間変化および単位体積当たりの累積発熱量を目標値として記憶する、記憶部と、
前記本溶接時に、前記目標値として記憶させた単位体積当たりの瞬時発熱量の時間変化曲線を基準として溶接を開始し、前記本溶接の単位体積当たりの瞬時発熱量の時間変化量が基準である前記時間変化曲線から外れた場合に、その差を残りの通電時間内で補償して前記本溶接における単位体積当たりの累積発熱量が前記目標値として記憶させた単位体積当たりの累積発熱量と一致するように、通電中の電流値または電圧値を制御する適応制御部および前記被溶接材への加圧力を制御する加圧力制御部と
を備える抵抗スポット溶接装置。
図1は、本発明の一実施形態に従う抵抗スポット溶接装置の概略構成を示したものである。
図中、符号1は抵抗スポット溶接電源、2は抵抗スポット溶接電源1へ制御信号を与える適応制御部、3は溶接電流の検出部で、検出した信号を適応制御部2に入れている。4は抵抗スポット溶接電源1の出力に接続された二次導体で、電極7に通電するために電極7に接続されている。
5は下部アーム、6は加圧シリンダであり、それぞれに電極7が取り付けられ、電極7によって8の被溶接材が挟持される。9は電極7に取り付けられた電極間電圧検出線であり、適応制御部2に入れている。適応制御部2においては、テスト溶接を行うモードと本溶接を行うモードとを切り替えることができる。
10は加圧力制御部であり、適応制御部2による電流値または電圧値の調整に応じて、加圧シリンダ6に信号を発信し、被溶接材への加圧力を変動させる。
また、本発明の一実施形態に従う抵抗スポット溶接装置は、テスト溶接時に、定電流制御により通電して適正なナゲットを形成する場合の電極間の電気特性から算出される、単位体積当たりの瞬時発熱量の時間変化および単位体積当たりの累積発熱量を目標値として記憶する、記憶部を備える(図示せず)。
また、本溶接を行うモードにおいては、テスト溶接の溶接条件で通電を開始すると共に、適応制御部2において、溶接電流検出部3から入力された電流と、電極間電圧検出線9から入力された電圧とから瞬時発熱量がサンプリング時間毎に計算され、各時間における瞬時発熱量と記憶部に目標値として記憶させた瞬時発熱量とを比較し、これらの値に差が生じた時点で、その差に応じて電流値または電圧値、さらには加圧力を制御する。換言すれば、本溶接における累積発熱量が目標値として記憶された累積発熱量と一致するように、適応制御部2にて適応制御された溶接電流または電圧が被溶接材8に通電され、加圧力制御部10により被溶接材8へ加圧力が付加されるように構成されている。
まず、テスト溶接について説明する。
本溶接で使用する被溶接材と同じ鋼種、厚みの被溶接材を用いて、既溶接点への分流や板隙のない状態で、定電流制御にて種々の条件で予備溶接を行い、テスト溶接での最適条件(電流値、電圧値、通電時間および加圧力)を見つける。なお、溶接機としてはインバータ直流抵抗スポット溶接機が好適であり、電極としてはクロム銅電極あるいはアルミナ分散銅製電極が有利に適合する。
そして、上記の最適条件でテスト溶接を行い、このテスト溶接における、電極間の電気特性から算出される単位体積当たりの瞬時発熱量の時間変化および単位体積当たりの累積発熱量を目標値として記憶させる。ここで、本発明において電極間の電気特性とは、電極間抵抗あるいは電極間電圧を意味する。
なお、テスト溶接における通電パターンは2段以上の多段ステップに分割することができる。例えば、被溶接材である鋼板間に溶融部が形成され始めた時点(電極直下に通電経路が形成され始めた時点)をステップ分けのタイミングとして、通電パターンを2段ステップに分割することができる。
また、この溶接方法は、上記した通電量の制御と同時に、本溶接での累積発熱量がテスト溶接での累積発熱量と一致するように、被溶接材への加圧力も併せて制御することを特徴とする。
これにより、電極先端が摩耗したり、分流や板隙などの外乱の影響が大きい状態においても必要な累積発熱量を確保して、適正なナゲット径を得ることができる。
2枚の被溶接材の合計厚みをt、被溶接材の電気抵抗率をr、電極間電圧をV、溶接電流をIとし、電極と被溶接材が接触する面積をSとする。この場合、溶接電流は横断面積がSで、厚みtの柱状部分を通過して抵抗発熱を発生させる。この柱状部分における単位体積・単位時間当たりの発熱量qは次式(1)で求められる。
q=(V・I)/(S・t) --- (1)
また、この柱状部分の電気抵抗Rは、次式(2)で求められる。
R=(r・t)/S --- (2)
(2)式をSについて解いてこれを(1)式に代入すると、発熱量qは次式(3)
q=(V・I・R)/(r・t2)
=(V2)/(r・t2) --- (3)
となる。
なお、(3)式は電極間電圧Vから発熱量を計算しているが、電極間電流Iから発熱量qを計算することもでき、このときにも電極と被溶接物が接触する面積Sを用いる必要がない。
以上、特許文献3に記載の方法によって、累積発熱量Qを算出する場合について説明したが、その他の算出式を用いても良いのは言うまでもない。
これは、電流値制御により通電径を変動させる効果はあるものの、接触径を変動させる効果は不十分であるためである。加圧力を制御することで、外乱による通電中の接触径の減少分を補正することができるため、電流値の制御によるナゲット形成過程を、テスト溶接と合わせることができる。
なお、本溶接での通電開始から一定時間経過した時点における単位体積当たりの累積発熱量が、テスト溶接での通電開始から一定時間経過した時点における単位体積当たりの累積発熱量よりも小さい場合は、その差に応じて以降の加圧力を減少させる。
また、テスト溶接における通電開始から一定時間経過した時点での単位体積当たりの累積発熱量は、テスト溶接における通電開始から当該時点までの単位体積当たりの瞬時発熱量を累積することで求めることができる。
被溶接材として、590MPa級、980MPa級の冷延鋼板(板厚:1.6mm)を用いた。この被溶接材を2枚重ねにし、ギャップや既溶接点への分流のない状態にて定電流制御にて予備溶接を行い、適切なナゲット径が得られる溶接条件を求めた。溶接機にはインバータ直流抵抗スポット溶接機を用い、電極にはDR形先端形6mmのクロム銅電極を用いた。なお、溶接条件は、加圧力:3.5kN、溶接電流:6.0kA、通電時間:16cyc(50Hz(以降、時間の単位はすべて50Hzにおけるcycle数とする))とした。そして、図1に示すような抵抗スポット溶接装置を用いて、上記の溶接条件にてテスト溶接を行い、単位体積当たりの瞬間発熱量の時間変化および単位体積当たりの累積発熱量を記憶させた。この際得られたナゲット径はおよそ5.0mm(=4√t, t:板厚)であった。そのときの溶接電流値、加圧力、累積発熱量の推移を図2に示す。
図3に示すように、被溶接材11,12(板厚1.6mm)間に、スペーサー用の鋼板13(板厚1.5mm、スペーサー間距離30mm)を挿入し、上記したテスト溶接を基準として、図1に示すような抵抗スポット溶接装置を用いて、抵抗スポット溶接を行った。すなわち、テスト溶接で得られた単位体積当たりの瞬間発熱量の時間変化曲線を基準として、抵抗スポット溶接を行った。なお、加圧制御を行った区間は通電後1cycから6cycまでの5cyc間とした。図3中、符号14は電極である。
得られたナゲット径は5.2mmであり、ほぼテスト溶接と同程度のナゲット径が確保できていた。また、散りは発生しなかった。
この溶接条件下では、板隙により通電初期の抵抗値が増大するため、加圧力制御区間において加圧力がおよそ5kN程度まで増大している。
なお、条件No.1、2、5、7についてはいずれも、図1に示すような抵抗スポット溶接装置を用いて電流値および加圧力の制御を行い、抵抗スポット溶接を行った。また、No.3、4、6についてはいずれも、加圧力の制御は行わずに、抵抗スポット溶接を行った。なお、条件No.7では、テスト溶接の通電パターンを第1ステップと第2ステップの2段に分割し、ステップ間に冷却時間を設けた。また、条件No.7のテスト溶接における加圧力は、第1ステップと第2ステップで同じとした。
いずれの条件でもテスト溶接での狙いナゲット径は4√tとして、ナゲット径が3.5√t以上かつ散りが発生しなかったものを○、ナゲット径が3.5√t未満あるいは散りが発生したものを×として評価した。
2 抵抗スポット溶接電源へ制御信号を与える適応制御部
3 溶接電流の検出部
4 抵抗スポット溶接電源の出力に接続された二次導体
5 下部アーム
6 加圧シリンダ
7 電極
8 被溶接材
9 電極間電圧検出線
10 加圧力制御部
11,12 被溶接材
13 スペーサー
14 電極
Claims (5)
- 複数枚の金属板を重ね合わせた被溶接材を、一対の電極によって挟み、加圧しながら通電して接合する抵抗スポット溶接装置であって、
本溶接に先立つテスト溶接時に、定電流制御により通電して適正なナゲットを形成する場合の電極間の電気特性から算出される、単位体積当たりの瞬時発熱量の時間変化および単位体積当たりの累積発熱量を目標値として記憶する、記憶部と、
前記本溶接時に、前記目標値として記憶させた単位体積当たりの瞬時発熱量の時間変化曲線を基準として溶接を開始し、前記本溶接の単位体積当たりの瞬時発熱量の時間変化量が基準である前記時間変化曲線から外れた場合に、その差を残りの通電時間内で補償して前記本溶接における単位体積当たりの累積発熱量が前記目標値として記憶させた単位体積当たりの累積発熱量と一致するように、通電中の電流値または電圧値を制御する適応制御部および前記被溶接材への加圧力を制御する加圧力制御部と
を備える抵抗スポット溶接装置。 - 前記加圧力制御部が、前記本溶接において、通電開始から一定時間経過した時点における前記本溶接の単位体積当たりの累積発熱量と前記テスト溶接の単位体積当たりの累積発熱量との差に応じて、その後の加圧力を増減させる請求項1に記載の抵抗スポット溶接装置。
- 前記加圧力制御部が、前記本溶接において、通電開始から加圧力の制御を開始するまでの時間を0.1~10cycの範囲に制御する、請求項2に記載の抵抗スポット溶接装置。
- 前記加圧力制御部が、前記本溶接において、加圧力の制御の開始から終了までの時間を1~30cycの範囲に制御する、請求項2または3に記載の抵抗スポット溶接装置。
- 請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の装置を用いて溶接を行う抵抗スポット溶接方法。
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| WO2020004117A1 (ja) * | 2018-06-29 | 2020-01-02 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 抵抗スポット溶接方法および溶接部材の製造方法 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110997210A (zh) * | 2017-08-18 | 2020-04-10 | 杰富意钢铁株式会社 | 电阻点焊方法及焊接构件的制造方法 |
| US11623298B2 (en) | 2017-08-18 | 2023-04-11 | Jfe Steel Corporation | Resistance spot welding method and weld member production method |
| EP3756814A4 (en) * | 2018-02-19 | 2021-06-30 | JFE Steel Corporation | RESISTANCE POINT WELDING METHOD AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A WELDED ELEMENT |
| JP6590121B1 (ja) * | 2018-02-19 | 2019-10-16 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 抵抗スポット溶接方法および溶接部材の製造方法 |
| US11911837B2 (en) | 2018-02-19 | 2024-02-27 | Jfe Steel Corporation | Resistance spot welding method and weld member production method |
| WO2019160141A1 (ja) * | 2018-02-19 | 2019-08-22 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 抵抗スポット溶接方法および溶接部材の製造方法 |
| JP6652228B1 (ja) * | 2018-06-29 | 2020-02-19 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 抵抗スポット溶接方法および溶接部材の製造方法 |
| WO2020004117A1 (ja) * | 2018-06-29 | 2020-01-02 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 抵抗スポット溶接方法および溶接部材の製造方法 |
| US12151299B2 (en) | 2018-06-29 | 2024-11-26 | Jfe Steel Corporation | Resistance spot welding method and weld member production method |
| JP6856181B1 (ja) * | 2019-08-29 | 2021-04-07 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 抵抗スポット溶接方法および溶接部材の製造方法 |
| KR20220038491A (ko) * | 2019-08-29 | 2022-03-28 | 제이에프이 스틸 가부시키가이샤 | 저항 스폿 용접 방법 및 용접 부재의 제조 방법 |
| WO2021039866A1 (ja) * | 2019-08-29 | 2021-03-04 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 抵抗スポット溶接方法および溶接部材の製造方法 |
| KR102617967B1 (ko) | 2019-08-29 | 2023-12-22 | 제이에프이 스틸 가부시키가이샤 | 저항 스폿 용접 방법 및 용접 부재의 제조 방법 |
| US12358067B2 (en) | 2019-08-29 | 2025-07-15 | Jfe Steel Corporation | Resistance spot welding method and weld member production method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP5907317B1 (ja) | 2016-04-26 |
| MX2016016092A (es) | 2017-03-10 |
| CN106457453A (zh) | 2017-02-22 |
| US20170113295A1 (en) | 2017-04-27 |
| WO2015190082A8 (ja) | 2016-09-29 |
| MX358214B (es) | 2018-08-10 |
| EP3130424A1 (en) | 2017-02-15 |
| JPWO2015190082A1 (ja) | 2017-04-20 |
| KR20160144495A (ko) | 2016-12-16 |
| KR101880380B1 (ko) | 2018-07-19 |
| CN106457453B (zh) | 2019-01-08 |
| EP3130424B1 (en) | 2018-11-21 |
| EP3130424A4 (en) | 2017-05-10 |
| US10081074B2 (en) | 2018-09-25 |
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