WO2016001584A1 - Batterie entièrement solide comprenant un électrolyte en matériau polymère solide réticule - Google Patents
Batterie entièrement solide comprenant un électrolyte en matériau polymère solide réticule Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016001584A1 WO2016001584A1 PCT/FR2015/051814 FR2015051814W WO2016001584A1 WO 2016001584 A1 WO2016001584 A1 WO 2016001584A1 FR 2015051814 W FR2015051814 W FR 2015051814W WO 2016001584 A1 WO2016001584 A1 WO 2016001584A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
- H01M10/0585—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only flat construction elements, i.e. flat positive electrodes, flat negative electrodes and flat separators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0565—Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0082—Organic polymers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of batteries. It relates more particularly to fully solid batteries, and a new method of manufacturing such batteries.
- Batteries comprising electrolytes constituted either by a salt dissolved in a dry polymer, or by a polymer swollen or gelled by a solution of a salt in a mixture of aprotic polar organic solvents.
- the production of the electrolyte consists in dissolving a polymer, a salt and a mixture of solvents constituting the polymer electrolyte, then, after having deposited the mixture in the form of a film, the solvent is removed at atmospheric pressure or reduced without removing the constituent solvents of the polymer electrolyte.
- WO 98/35397 A1 discloses a battery comprising an electrolyte formed from a dried electrolyte solution comprising an amorphous thermoplastic polyimide soluble in an organic solvent, and a lithium salt.
- organic solvent does not guarantee the safety and the life of the battery by protecting against the risk of short circuit and solvent ignition.
- all solid batteries comprising solid electrolytes made from polyethylene oxide (PEO) or polypropylene oxide (PPO) -based polymer material.
- PEO polyethylene oxide
- PPO polypropylene oxide
- these types of electrolytes have an ionic conductivity at relatively low ambient temperature (about 10 "7 S / cm).
- the object of the present invention is to provide an all-solid battery comprising a solid electrolyte of crosslinked polymer material, having good mechanical strength and having an ionic conductivity greater than that of the solid electrolytes made of crosslinked polymer material known from the state of the art.
- Another object of the invention is to manufacture batteries in thin layers by a process that can be implemented industrially in a fairly simple manner.
- a first object of the invention relates to a method of manufacturing a fully solid thin-film battery comprising the following successive steps:
- anode material layer a layer comprising at least one anode material (here called "anode material layer”) on its conductive substrate, preferably selected from the group formed by a metal sheet, a metal strip, an insulating sheet metallized, a metallized insulating strip, a metallized insulating film, said conductive substrates, or their conductive elements, being able to serve as anode current collector; b) depositing a layer comprising at least one cathode material (here called “layer of cathode material”) on its conductive substrate, preferably selected from the group consisting of a metal sheet, a metal strip, a metallized insulating sheet, a metallized insulating strip, a metallized insulating film, said conductive substrates, or their conductive elements, being able to serve as a cathode current collector, it being understood that the steps a) and b) can be reversed; c) depositing on at least one layer obtained in step a) and
- face face is stacked successively: or a layer of anode material coated with a layer of solid electrolyte material obtained in step c) with a layer of cathode material coated or not with a layer of solid electrolyte material obtained at step c);
- step c) a layer of cathode material coated with a layer of solid electrolyte material obtained in step c) with a layer of anode material coated or not with a layer of solid electrolyte material obtained at step c);
- step d) thermal treatment and / or mechanical compression of the stack obtained in step d) is performed to obtain a fully solid thin-film battery.
- the crosslinked solid polymer material is selected from polymethyl methacrylates, polyamines, polyimides, or polysiloxanes.
- the ionic groups of the polymeric material are chosen from the following cations: imidazolium, pyrazolium, tetrazolium, pyridinium and pyrrolidinium, such as n-propyl-n-methylpyrrolidinium (also known as PYR1 3 ), or n-propyl-n-methylpyrrolidinium.
- -butyl-n-methylpyrrolidinium also called PYR14
- ammonium phosphonium or sulfonium
- phosphonium or sulfonium and / or among the following anions: bis (trifluoromethane) sulfonimide, bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide, or n- (nonafluorobutanesulfonyl) -n- (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide.
- the crosslinked solid polymer material is obtained by a step of polymerizing a mixture of monomers and / or oligomers and / or pre-polymers comprising one or more groups that can be polymerized thermally. or photochemical, said mixture of monomers and / or oligomers and / or pre-polymers comprising one or more reactive groups for grafting said ionic groups, and then drying the crosslinked polymer material obtained.
- the thermal and / or photochemical polymerization is carried out directly on the layer (s) of anodes and / or cathodes.
- the crosslinked polymer material comprising ionic groups deposited in step c) is produced from at least one of the following techniques: dip-dip coating, spin-coating, roll coating (roll coating), doctor blade, electrospray, or electrophoresis.
- the thickness of the electrolyte layer c) is less than 10 ⁇ , preferably less than 5 ⁇ , and even more preferably less than 2 ⁇ .
- the thickness of the layer of polymer material is between 0.5 and 1 ⁇ .
- the anode, cathode and solid electrolyte layers are deposited among at least one of the following techniques: (i) physical vapor deposition (PVD), and more particularly vacuum evaporation, laser ablation, ion beam, cathodic sputtering;
- CVD chemical vapor deposition
- PECVD plasma assisted plasma assisted plasma assisted plasma assisted PECVD
- LACVD laser assisted
- the anode, cathode and electrolyte layers are deposited by electrospray, electrophoresis, aerosolization or dipping, and are preferably all electrophoretically deposited.
- the layers of anode material and / or cathode further comprise electronically conductive materials, and in particular graphite, and / or lithium ion conductive materials, of the type used to produce the electrolyte films. .
- the anode and / or cathode layers are produced by deposition of nanoparticles respectively anode material, cathode among at least one of the following techniques: electrospray, electrophoresis, aerosol deposition, soaking.
- the layers of anode material, cathode and electrolyte are all electrophoretically deposited.
- the heat treatment is carried out at a temperature of between 50 ° C. and 300 ° C., preferably between 100 ° C. and 200 ° C. and / or in that the mechanical compression of the layers to be assembled is carried out at a pressure between 10 and 100 MPa, preferably between 20 and 50 MPa.
- the layer of anode material a) is made from a material chosen from:
- lithium iron phosphate (of typical formula LiFePO 4 );
- the layer of cathode material b) is made from a cathode material chosen from:
- the method further comprises a step f) of encapsulation of the battery obtained in step e) by deposition of at least one encapsulating layer of ceramic material, vitreous or glass-ceramic.
- anodic and cathodic terminations are carried out by metallization of the cut sections, preferably by deposition of a layer of tin optionally deposited on a first sub-layer of nickel and / or epoxy resin loaded with metal particles.
- the conductive substrates are made of aluminum, copper, stainless steel, titanium or nickel, preferably nickel, and optionally coated with a noble metal chosen from the following metals: gold, platinum, palladium, vanadium, cobalt, nickel, manganese, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum, titanium, palladium, zirconium, tungsten or any alloy comprising at least one of these metals.
- a noble metal chosen from the following metals: gold, platinum, palladium, vanadium, cobalt, nickel, manganese, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum, titanium, palladium, zirconium, tungsten or any alloy comprising at least one of these metals.
- Another object of the invention relates to a battery that can be obtained by the method according to the invention.
- the surface capacitance of the cathode is greater than or equal to the surface capacitance of the anode.
- the stack of cathode and anode layers is shifted laterally.
- the battery comprises at least one encapsulation layer, preferably a ceramic, glass or glass-ceramic layer. Even more advantageously, the battery comprises a second encapsulation layer deposited on said first encapsulation layer, said second encapsulation layer preferably being silicone.
- said at least one encapsulation layer completely covers four of the six faces of said battery and partially the two remaining faces, located under the metallizations used for the connection of the battery.
- the battery comprises terminations at the level where the cathode current collectors, respectively anodic, are apparent.
- the anode connections and the cathode connections are on the opposite sides of the stack.
- the battery is entirely inorganic.
- the term "electrophoretic deposition” or “electrophoretic deposition” means a layer deposited by a method of deposition of particles previously suspended in a liquid medium, on a preferably conductive substrate, the displacement of particles to the surface of the substrate being generated by the application of an electric field between two electrodes placed in the suspension, one of the electrodes constituting the conductive substrate on which the deposit is made, the other electrode (“against electrode ”) Being placed in the liquid phase.
- a so-called “dense” deposit of particles is formed on the substrate, if the zeta potential of the suspension of the particles has an appropriate value, and / or following a specific densification treatment of thermal and / or mechanical nature. This deposit has a particular structure and recognizable by the skilled person that distinguishes it from the deposits obtained by any other technique.
- the size of a particle is its largest dimension.
- a “nanoparticle” is a particle of which at least one of the dimensions is less than 100 nm.
- the “particle size” or “average particle size” of a powder or set of particles is given in D 50 .
- Battery means “any solid” (also called here battery “fully solid”), a battery does not include liquid phase material.
- surface capacitance of an electrode is the amount of lithium ion that can be inserted into an electrode (expressed in mA.h / cm 2 ).
- garnet type compounds garnet in English
- the chemical composition of garnets is variable depending on the isomorphous substitution of the different atoms which constitute its basic formula Li d A 1 x A 2 y (T0 4 ) z.
- Li represents a lithium cation.
- the value d is between 2 and 10, preferably between 3 and 9, and even more preferably between 4 and 8.
- a 1 represents a cation of degree of oxidation + II, in pseudo-cubic site of coordination 8.
- the value x is typically 3, but there may be a stoichiometric difference.
- a 1 can for example be Ca, Mg, Sr, Ba, Fe, Mn, Zn, Y, Gd.
- a 2 represents a cation of degree of oxidation + III, octahedral site of coordination 6.
- the value y is typically 2, but there may be a stoichiometric difference.
- a 2 may for example be Al, Fe, Cr, Ga, Ti, La.
- a 1 and A 2 may represent the same cation.
- T0 4 represents an anion in which the four oxygen atoms form a tetrahedron, the T cation being in the center of the tetrahedron; T represents mainly a cation of degree of oxidation + IV, and mainly silicon.
- T0 4 represents the silicate anion (Si0 4 ) 4 " and, for these garnets, neosilicates are described whose structure can be described by a three-dimensional network formed of SiO 4 tetrahedra connected at the top to octahedra A 2 0 6.
- the cavities are in the form of distorted cubes A 1 0 8 (dodecahedra) Each tetrahedron divides its vertices with four different octahedra Each octahedron is vertex-bound to six different tetrahedra and per six-dodecahedron ridge.
- T can also be the Zr 4+ cation
- Some or all of the elements T of oxidation state + IV can be replaced by atoms of a degree of oxidation + III or + V, such as: Al, Fe, As, V, Nb, In, Ta, Zr, this can cause an adjustment of the molar amount of oxygen in the formula Li d A 1 x A 2 y (T0 4 ) z
- the atoms A 1 , A 2 , T and O can be subject to an isomorphic substitution.
- This isomorphic substitution can be of different types, and mainly of two types: a number of identical atoms can be replaced by the same number of different atoms of the same valency (so-called first-species isomorphisms), an atom can be replaced by a another atom of near ionic radius and of a valence which differs from one unit (isomorphism called second species, by so-called aliovalent substitution); in this second case neutrality electrical is ensured either by a corresponding replacement in the crystallographic network, or by a gap, or by a mobile interstitial ion (anion or cation); this mobile interstitial ion can be lithium.
- the number z is normally equal to 3 or close to 3.
- a small portion of the oxygen atoms may optionally be bonded to a hydrogen atom (OH group instead of O).
- a small part of the groups (T0 4 ) can also be replaced by OH groups; in this case it should be written (T0 4 ) 3 - p (OH) 4p instead of (T0 4 ) 3 .
- Oxygen can be replaced at least partially by bivalent or trivalent anions (such as N 3 - ).
- Garnet-based ionic conductors with mobile lithium ions are described for example in WO 2005/085138, WO 2009/003695 and WO 2010/090301. Lithium ions occupy crystallographic sites and can also be interstitial.
- the garnet type compounds are preferably chosen from:
- the inventor has developed a new process for the manufacture of all-solid batteries that do not contain organic solvents so that they can be heated without risk of combustion.
- the objectives are achieved by carrying out a method of manufacturing a thin-film battery comprising a solid electrolyte comprising at least one crosslinked polymer material comprising ionic groups.
- the batteries obtained by the process according to the invention are of multilayer structure, in opposition to planar structures of conventional thin-layer batteries, in order to obtain batteries having a good density of energy and power.
- the method of obtaining these batteries makes it possible to assemble the layers of the battery at a relatively low temperature, ie at a temperature below 300 ° C., without reducing the surface capacitances of the electrodes constituting the resulting battery.
- the realization of a "all solid" battery requires the use of dimensionally stable materials, in order to make the behavior of the battery more reliable, particularly as regards the limitation of deformation stresses on the encapsulation, or on the electrodes.
- the anode and cathode layers are deposited among at least one of the following techniques:
- PVD physical vapor deposition
- CVD chemical vapor deposition
- PECVD plasma assisted
- LACVD laser assisted
- AA-CVD aerosol assisted
- the anode and cathode layers are advantageously deposited by electrophoresis.
- the electrophoretic deposition of particles is done by the application of an electric field between the substrate on which the deposit is made and a counterelectrode, allowing the particles charged with the colloidal suspension to move, and to deposit them on the substrate.
- the absence of binders and other solvents deposited on the surface with the particles makes it possible to obtain very compact deposits.
- the compactness obtained by the electrophoretic deposition limits or even avoided the risk of cracks or appearance of other defects in the deposit during the drying steps.
- the deposition rate can be very high depending on the applied electric field and the electrophoretic mobility of the particles of the suspension.
- the method of manufacturing an all-solid battery according to the invention comprises a step a) of depositing a layer of anode materials.
- the materials chosen for the layer of anode material are preferably selected from the following materials:
- lithium iron phosphate of typical formula LiFePO 4
- mixed oxynitrides of silicon and tin of typical formula Si a Sn b Y y N z with a> 0, b> 0, a + b ⁇ 2, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 4, 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 3) (also called SiTON), and in particular SiSno, 870i, 2N 17 2; and oxynitrides, carbides typical formula Si a Sn b C c O y N z with a> 0, b> 0, a + b ⁇ 2, 0 ⁇ c-10, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 24, 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 17; If a Sn b C c O y N z X n to X n at least one of the elements F, Cl, Br, I, S, Se, Te, P, As, Sb, Bi, Ge, Pb, and a> 0 , b> 0, a
- Li 4 Ti 5 0i 2 for the production of an anode layer is more particularly preferred.
- Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 is a lithium insertion material reversibly inserting lithium ions without inducing deformation of the host material.
- the method of manufacturing an all-solid battery comprises a step b) of depositing a layer of cathode materials.
- the cathode material layer is preferably made by electrophoresis.
- the materials chosen for the layer of cathode material are preferably selected from the following materials:
- the deposits of the layer of anode material and cathode are made by electrophoretic deposition of nanoparticles of anode material and cathode respectively.
- the cathode electrode consisting of a LiMn 2 0 4 thin film deposited on a metal substrate, preferably nickel, is advantageously produced without resorting to vacuum techniques or dry rooms, which are very expensive equipment. enforce. Indeed, the LiMn 2 0 4, as LiMn Nio May 1, 5 0 4 are not sensitive spontaneously in air, it is however recommended to avoid prolonged exposure. The impact of exposures of cathode materials to the air during the manufacture of electrodes remains negligible compared to relatively short implementation times.
- nanoparticles of electronically conductive materials and in particular graphite, and / or ionic conductive materials, of the type used to make the films, to the materials mentioned above.
- electrolyte (described below).
- the deposits of the layer of anode material and cathode are made directly on their metal substrate.
- deposition of the anode, cathode and electrolyte layers are achieved by electrospray, electrophoresis, aerosolization or dipping.
- the anode, cathode and electrolyte layers are all deposited by electrophoresis.
- the electrophoretic deposition of the layer of anode material or cathode being compact, the risk of cracking of the layer after drying is reduced, and this, unlike nanoparticle layers made from inks or fluids, having low solids and for which the deposits contain a large amount of solvent, which after drying gives rise to cracks in the deposit which is detrimental to the operation of a battery.
- the deposition of the layer of anode material or cathode is carried out directly on its conductive substrate, preferably a metal conductive substrate selected from the following materials: nickel, aluminum, stainless steel, titanium or copper.
- the deposition of the anode material or cathode layer is performed on a nickel substrate.
- the thickness of the substrate is less than 10 ⁇ , preferably less than 5 ⁇ .
- the conductive substrates may be made in the form of sheets, possibly sheets comprising the patterns of the pre-cut electrodes or in the form of strips.
- the substrates may advantageously be coated with a metal or a metal alloy, preferably chosen from gold, chromium, stainless steel, palladium, molybdenum, titanium, tantalum, or silver.
- a metal or a metal alloy preferably chosen from gold, chromium, stainless steel, palladium, molybdenum, titanium, tantalum, or silver.
- a recrystallization heat treatment may be performed to improve the crystallinity, and possibly the consolidation of the electrode to enhance the power of the electrodes (anode and / or cathode).
- the recrystallization heat treatment of the anode and / or cathode layer is carried out at a temperature of between 300 ° C. and 1000 ° C., preferably between 400 ° C. and 800 ° C., and even more preferentially between 500 ° C. and 700 ° C.
- the heat treatment must be performed after step a) and / or b) deposition of the anode layer and / or cathode, but before step c) of deposition of the electrolyte layer.
- the method of manufacturing a battery comprises a step c) of depositing a solid electrolyte layer comprising at least one crosslinked solid polymer material comprising ionic groups.
- the deposition of the electrolyte material layer is performed on the anode material layer and / or on the cathode material layer.
- the crosslinked polymeric material is chosen from any type of polymer containing the cationic groups described below. More particularly, the crosslinked polymeric material is chosen from polymethyl methacrylates, polyimides, polysiloxanes or polyamines containing the cationic groups described below.
- the ionic groups of the polymeric material are chosen from the following cations: imidazolium, pyrazolium, tetrazolium, pyridinium and pyrrolidinium, such as n-propyl-n-methylpyrrolidinium (also known as PYR1 3 ), or n-propyl-n-methylpyrrolidinium.
- -butyl-n-methylpyrrolidinium also called PYR14
- ammonium phosphonium or sulfonium
- / or among the following anions bis (trifluoromethane) sulfonimide, bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide, or n- (nonafluorobutanesulfonyl) -n- (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (of empirical formula C 5 F 12 N O 4 S 2, called also IM 14 " ).
- the use of anionic groups of the polymeric material makes it possible to retain good properties of resistance to exposure to air and moisture, which simplifies the industrial implementation and improves the life of the battery.
- the layer of crosslinked solid polymer material comprising ionic groups makes it possible to guarantee the safety and the service life of the battery by protecting it against the risks of short circuit and solvent ignition.
- these polymeric materials are completely solid and do not include any liquid electrolyte, or dissolved in a solvent.
- these crosslinked solid polymer materials are resistant to high temperatures, without the risk of evaporation or inflammation of an organic solvent.
- the electrolyte material layer c) is made from a solid electrolyte material comprising a crosslinked solid polymer material comprising ionic groups, the solid electrolyte material may be chosen from:
- ⁇ A 1 represents a degree of oxidation + II cation, preferably Ca,
- a 2 represents a cation of degree of oxidation + III, preferably Al, Fe, Cr, Ga, Ti, La; and or
- ⁇ (4 T0) represents an anion wherein T is an atom with an oxidation number + IV, located at the center of a tetrahedron formed by the oxygen atoms, and wherein T0 4 preferably represents anion silicate or zirconate , knowing that all or part of the elements T of a degree of oxidation + IV can be replaced by atoms of an oxidation degree + II I or
- V such as Al, Fe, As, V, Nb, In, Ta;
- d is between 2 and 10, preferably between 3 and 9, and even more preferably between 4 and 8;
- x is 3 but can be between 2.6 and 3.4 (preferably between 2.8 and 3.2), and
- y is 2 but can be between 1.7 and 2.3 (preferably between 1, 9 and 2.1);
- the silicates preferably chosen from Li 2 Si 2 O 5 , Li 2 SiO 3 , Li 2 Si 2 O 6 , LiAISiO 4 , Li 4 SiO 4 , LiAISi 2 0 6 .
- the layer of electrolyte material c) stable to the contacts of the anodes operating at very low potentials is made from electrolyte material chosen from: o garnets of formula
- ⁇ A 1 represents a degree of oxidation + II cation, preferably Ca, Mg, Sr, Ba, Fe, Mn, Zn, Y, Gd; and or
- ⁇ A 2 represents an oxidation state of + III cation, preferably Al, Fe, Cr, Ga, Ti, La; and or
- ⁇ (4 T0) represents an anion wherein T is an atom with an oxidation number + IV, located at the center of a tetrahedron formed by the oxygen atoms, and wherein T0 4 preferably represents anion silicate or zirconate , knowing that all or part of the elements T of a degree of oxidation + IV can be replaced by atoms of a degree of oxidation + III or + V, such as Al, Fe, As, V, Nb, In , Ta;
- d is between 2 and 10, preferably between 3 and 9, and even more preferably between 4 and 8;
- x is 3 but can be between 2.6 and 3.4 (preferably between 2.8 and 3.2), and
- y is 2 but can be between 1.7 and 2.3 (preferably between 1, 9 and 2.1);
- lithiated phosphates preferably chosen from: Li 3 PO 4 ; the Li 3 (Sc 2 -
- LiPON and LIBON phosphonium or boron lithium oxynitride materials
- the silicates preferably chosen from Li 2 Si 2 O 5 , Li 2 SiO 3 , Li 2 Si 2 O 6 , LiAISiO 4 , Li 4 SiO 4 , LiAISi 2 0 6 .
- electrolytes can be used with all chemical anode compositions.
- the composition comprises a gap lanthanum, the proportion of lanthanum in this composition may vary between 2/3-x and 1/3-x, where 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.20 and preferably 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.16; for the the composition comprises a strontium gap, the proportion of strontium in this composition varying between x and 1/3-x, with 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.20 and preferably 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.16; and for the composition comprises a lithium gap, the proportion of lithium in this composition may vary between x and 1/3-x, with 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.20 and preferably 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.16.
- the thickness of the electrolyte layer c) is less than 10 ⁇ , preferably less than 5 ⁇ , and even more preferably less than 2 ⁇ .
- the crosslinked solid polymer material containing ionic groups is deposited directly by dipping-dip coating, spin-coating, roll coating. ), doctor blade, electrospray, or electrophoresis.
- the polymer material is first dissolved in a suitable solvent, the dissolved polymer material is deposited on the layer (s) of the anode, cathode and / or electrolyte and then the layer of material is dried. polymer to remove the solvent.
- the deposition of the crosslinked solid polymer material is carried out by electrophoresis in order to limit the defects in the layer which could lead to short circuits on the final battery.
- the electrophoretic deposition makes it possible to reduce the risk of cracking of the layer after drying, and this, unlike layers made from inks or fluids, having low solids and for which the deposits contain solvent in large amounts. quantity, which after drying gives rise to the appearance of cracks in the deposit, detrimental to the operation of a battery.
- a monomer and / or an oligomer and / or a prepolymer comprising one or more polymerizable groups are deposited on the layer of anode and / or cathode material.
- a prepolymer is deposited comprising one or more reactive groups allowing the grafting of the ionic groups.
- the polymerization is carried out thermally and / or photochemically directly on the layer (s) of anode and / or cathode.
- the polymerization is carried out in the presence of a thermal initiator, for example selected from benzoyl peroxide, acetyl peroxide or azoisobutyronitrile, and / or a photochemical initiator, for example selected from benzoin, an acetophenone such as 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone or 2,2-diethoxyacetophenone.
- a thermal initiator for example selected from benzoyl peroxide, acetyl peroxide or azoisobutyronitrile
- a photochemical initiator for example selected from benzoin, an acetophenone such as 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone or 2,2-diethoxyacetophenone.
- the layer of crosslinked polymer material comprising ionic groups then makes it possible to manufacture a battery in thin layers of three-dimensional structure without resorting to a heat treatment and / or a severe mechanical compression during the step of assembling said battery .
- the production of at least one layer of crosslinked solid polymer material comprising ionic groups makes it possible to assemble the electrodes at a low temperature, ie a temperature not exceeding 300.degree. C., preferably 200.degree. more preferably 150 ° C.
- an ionic liquid, PYR 13, PYR 14 and / or a lithium salt can be dissolved in these crosslinked polymers containing ionic groups.
- the addition of an ionic liquid, PYR 13, PYR 14 and / or a lithium salt is beneficial for the electrochemical performances, this addition makes it possible to improve the conduction but also makes it possible to reduce the rigidity of the polymeric film which without this addition is very brittle.
- the electrodes are "punched" in a cutting pattern to make cuts to the dimensions of the battery to achieve.
- the punching of the electrodes may be performed after step c) of depositing the electrolyte layer of crosslinked solid polymer material comprising ionic groups.
- These patterns comprise three cutouts which are adjacent (for example U-shaped) and which define the size of the battery. A second slot can be made on the uncut side to be able to ensure the passage of products necessary for the encapsulation of the component.
- the anode and cathode electrodes are then stacked alternately to constitute a stack of several elementary cells.
- the cutting patterns of the anodes and cathodes are placed in "head-to-tail" configuration.
- the electrodes are cut before step c) of deposition of the electrolyte layer (s) of crosslinked solid polymer material comprising ionic groups, allowing the recovery electrode edges by an electrolyte film, thereby protecting the contact of the electrodes with the atmosphere, and improving the calendar life of the battery.
- the cuts are made on the substrates before the steps a) and b) of depositing the anode and cathode layer, allowing the edges of the electrodes to be covered by an electrolyte film made of material crosslinked solid polymer having ionic groups.
- an essential step of the method according to the invention comprises a heat treatment and / or mechanical compression of the stack obtained previously to obtain a fully solid thin-film battery.
- the heat treatment is carried out at a temperature of between 50 and 300 ° C., preferably 100 and 200 ° C.
- the temperature of the heat treatment does not exceed 200 ° C.
- the mechanical compression of the layers to be assembled is carried out at a pressure of between 10 and 100 MPa, preferably between 20 and 50 MPa.
- the thin encapsulation layer consists of a polymer, ceramic, glass or glass-ceramic layer, which may be, for example, in the form of oxide, nitride, phosphate, oxynitride, or siloxane. Even more preferentially, this encapsulation layer is coated with an epoxy resin or silicone.
- the encapsulation layer may advantageously be deposited by chemical vapor deposition (CVD), which makes it possible to have an overlap of all the surfaces of the accessible stack. Thus, the encapsulation can thus be carried out directly on the stacks, the coating being able to penetrate all the available cavities.
- a second encapsulation layer may be deposited on the first encapsulation layer to increase the protection of the battery cells of their external environment. Typically, the deposition of this second layer can be achieved by a silicone impregnation. The choice of such a material comes from the fact that it withstands high temperatures and the battery can thus be easily assembled by soldering on electronic cards without appearance of glass transitions.
- encapsulation of the battery is performed on four of the six faces of the stack.
- the encapsulation layers surround the periphery of the stack, the rest of the protection to the atmosphere being provided by the layers obtained by the terminations.
- the cathodic and anodic connections are offset laterally, which allows the encapsulation layer to function as a dielectric to avoid the presence of a short circuit on these ends.
- the stack is cut according to section planes to obtain unitary battery components, with the bare on each of the cutting plane connections (+) and (-) of battery.
- the connections can then be metallized using plasma deposition techniques known to those skilled in the art and / or by immersion in a conductive epoxy resin (loaded with silver) and / or a molten tin bath.
- the terminations make it possible to resume the alternately positive and negative electrical connections on each of the ends. These terminations make it possible to make the electrical connections in parallel between the different battery elements. For this, only the connections (+) go out on one end, and the (-) are available on the other ends.
- This battery being entirely solid, and using a lithium-insertion material as anode material, the risks of formation of lithium metal dendrites during the charging steps are zero and the insertion capacity of the lithium anode becomes limited. .
- the battery architecture for which the surface capacitance of the cathodes is greater than or equal to the surface capacitance of the anodes is preferred.
- the layers of the battery being completely solid, the risk of lithium dendrite formation no longer exists when the anode is fully charged.
- such a battery architecture avoids the creation of battery cell overload.
- the realization of such a battery with surface capacitances of cathodes greater than or equal to those of the anodes can increase the performance in terms of life, expressed in number of cycles. Indeed, the electrodes are dense and completely solid, the risk of loss of electrical contact between the particles is zero.
- a suspension of the anode material was obtained by grinding / dispersing Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 in absolute ethanol at 10 g / l with a few ppm of citric acid.
- a suspension of cathode material was obtained by grinding / dispersing LiMn 2 0 4 in absolute ethanol at 25 g / L. The cathode suspension was then diluted in acetone to a concentration of 5 g / L.
- the suspension of electrolyte material was obtained by grinding / dispersing Li 3 Alo powder , 4 Sci, 6 (PO 4 ) 3 in absolute ethanol at 5 g / L and adding a polymer formulation.
- the added polymer formulation consisted of polyethylene glycol monomethylacrylate with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [BMIm] [BF4] ionic liquid (in mass proportion of about 3: 7) and a lithium salt (lithium (lithium) bis (trifluoromethansulfonyl) imide or LiTFSI)
- a photoinitiator about 1% by weight
- 2,2'-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone Irgacure TM 651, Ciba-Geigy
- Negative electrodes were prepared by electrophoretic deposition of the Li 4 Ti 5 0i 2 nanoparticles contained in the previously prepared suspension. Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 thin film (about 1 micron) was deposited on both sides of the substrate. These negative electrodes were then heat-treated at 600 ° C.
- the positive electrodes were prepared in the same manner by electrophoretic deposition from the LiMn 2 0 4 slurry.
- the LiMn 2 0 4 thin film (approximately 1 ⁇ ) was deposited on both sides of the substrate.
- the positive electrodes were then treated at 600 ° C.
- the negative electrodes and the positive electrodes were covered by dip-coating (quenched followed by drying) with an electrolyte layer consisting of Li 3 Alo , 4 Sci , 6 (P0 4 ) 3 and the aforementioned polymer formulation.
- the crosslinking was obtained by irradiation at 366 nm for 10 minutes at room temperature under an argon atmosphere.
- the thickness of the electrolyte layer has been measured and is about 500 nm on each electrode. These electrolyte films were then dried and consolidated by heat treatment.
- the stack of the anodes and cathodes was then made in order to obtain a multilayer stack.
- the whole was kept under pressure for 15 minutes at 100 ° C. to make the assembly.
- FIG. 1 shows the charge and discharge curves obtained with this battery.
- FIG. 2 illustrates the evolution of the capacity of the battery thus produced during cycling.
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Cell Electrode Carriers And Collectors (AREA)
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- Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1020177002878A KR102324427B1 (ko) | 2014-07-01 | 2015-07-01 | 가교된 고체 고분자 재료로 이루어지는 전해질을 포함하는 고체-상태 배터리 |
| JP2016575526A JP6762237B2 (ja) | 2014-07-01 | 2015-07-01 | 架橋型固体ポリマー材料からなる電解質を含む全固体電池 |
| CN201580042827.1A CN106797047B (zh) | 2014-07-01 | 2015-07-01 | 包含由交联固态聚合材料制成的电解质的固态电池 |
| US15/323,727 US10804569B2 (en) | 2014-07-01 | 2015-07-01 | Solid-state battery including an electrolyte made of a cross-linked solid polymer material |
| EP15745536.1A EP3164903B1 (fr) | 2014-07-01 | 2015-07-01 | Batterie entièrement solide comprenant un électrolyte en matériau polymère solide réticule |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1456273 | 2014-07-01 | ||
| FR1456273A FR3023418B1 (fr) | 2014-07-01 | 2014-07-01 | Batterie entierement solide comprenant un electrolyte en materiau polymere solide reticule |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2016001584A1 true WO2016001584A1 (fr) | 2016-01-07 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR2015/051814 Ceased WO2016001584A1 (fr) | 2014-07-01 | 2015-07-01 | Batterie entièrement solide comprenant un électrolyte en matériau polymère solide réticule |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US10804569B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP3164903B1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP6762237B2 (fr) |
| KR (1) | KR102324427B1 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN106797047B (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3023418B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2016001584A1 (fr) |
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| CN107331534A (zh) * | 2016-04-28 | 2017-11-07 | 北京纳米能源与系统研究所 | 一种纤维状超级电容器及其制备方法和应用 |
| FR3080862A1 (fr) | 2018-05-07 | 2019-11-08 | I-Ten | Procede de fabrication d'anodes pour batteries a ions de lithium |
| WO2019215410A1 (fr) | 2018-05-07 | 2019-11-14 | I-Ten | Electrolyte solide pour dispositifs electrochimiques |
| WO2019215411A1 (fr) | 2018-05-07 | 2019-11-14 | I-Ten | Céramique poreuse pour electrolytes utilisée dans des dispositifs electro-chimiques en couches minces |
| WO2019215407A1 (fr) | 2018-05-07 | 2019-11-14 | I-Ten | Electrodes poreuses pour dispositifs electrochimiques |
| FR3091036A1 (fr) | 2018-12-24 | 2020-06-26 | I-Ten | Procede de fabrication de batteries, et batterie obtenue par ce procede |
| WO2020249877A1 (fr) | 2019-06-13 | 2020-12-17 | I-Ten | Batterie a ions de lithium et son procede de fabrication |
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| JP7206798B2 (ja) * | 2018-10-23 | 2023-01-18 | 日産自動車株式会社 | リチウムイオン伝導性固体電解質、およびこれを用いた電気化学デバイス |
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| US11569527B2 (en) | 2019-03-26 | 2023-01-31 | University Of Maryland, College Park | Lithium battery |
| US11267707B2 (en) | 2019-04-16 | 2022-03-08 | Honeywell International Inc | Purification of bis(fluorosulfonyl) imide |
| CN114008006A (zh) * | 2019-06-19 | 2022-02-01 | 阿科玛股份有限公司 | 网状固体电解质分隔件 |
| US11322787B2 (en) | 2019-11-18 | 2022-05-03 | International Business Machines Corporation | Encapsulating in-situ energy storage device with cathode contact |
| CA3072784A1 (fr) * | 2020-02-14 | 2021-08-14 | Hydro-Quebec | Electrodes a surface modifiee, procedes de preparation, et utilisations dans des cellules electrochimiques |
| CA3177460A1 (fr) | 2020-05-04 | 2021-11-11 | Soelect Inc. | Membranes perfectionnees pour electrolytes solides et batteries les contenant |
| FR3112654A1 (fr) * | 2020-07-15 | 2022-01-21 | Pellenc Energy | Procédé et équipement de fabrication d’une cellule de batterie |
| US11522243B2 (en) | 2020-12-21 | 2022-12-06 | International Business Machines Corporation | Hermetic packaging of a micro-battery device |
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| CN107331534A (zh) * | 2016-04-28 | 2017-11-07 | 北京纳米能源与系统研究所 | 一种纤维状超级电容器及其制备方法和应用 |
| JP2022106800A (ja) * | 2017-01-02 | 2022-07-20 | 3ディーバッテリーズ リミテッド | エネルギー貯蔵装置及びシステム |
| WO2019215411A1 (fr) | 2018-05-07 | 2019-11-14 | I-Ten | Céramique poreuse pour electrolytes utilisée dans des dispositifs electro-chimiques en couches minces |
| FR3080862A1 (fr) | 2018-05-07 | 2019-11-08 | I-Ten | Procede de fabrication d'anodes pour batteries a ions de lithium |
| WO2019215406A1 (fr) | 2018-05-07 | 2019-11-14 | I-Ten | Procede de fabrication d'anodes pour batteries a ions de lithium |
| WO2019215407A1 (fr) | 2018-05-07 | 2019-11-14 | I-Ten | Electrodes poreuses pour dispositifs electrochimiques |
| WO2019215410A1 (fr) | 2018-05-07 | 2019-11-14 | I-Ten | Electrolyte solide pour dispositifs electrochimiques |
| US11967694B2 (en) | 2018-05-07 | 2024-04-23 | I-Ten | Porous electrodes for electrochemical devices |
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| FR3146761A1 (fr) | 2018-12-24 | 2024-09-20 | I-Ten | Procede de fabrication de batteries, et batterie obtenue par ce procede |
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| FR3097370A1 (fr) | 2019-06-13 | 2020-12-18 | I-Ten | Batterie à ions de lithium et son procédé de fabrication |
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| EP3890077A1 (fr) | 2020-03-30 | 2021-10-06 | I-Ten | Batterie á ions de lithium et son procédé de fabrication |
| WO2021198843A1 (fr) | 2020-03-30 | 2021-10-07 | I-Ten | Batterie a ions de lithium et son procede de fabrication |
| FR3110774A1 (fr) | 2020-05-20 | 2021-11-26 | I-Ten | Procédé de fabrication d’une batterie à ions de lithium |
| WO2021234585A1 (fr) | 2020-05-20 | 2021-11-25 | I-Ten | Procede de fabrication d'une batterie a ions de lithium |
| FR3111741A1 (fr) | 2020-06-23 | 2021-12-24 | Hfg | Anode de forte densite d’energie et de puissance pour batteries |
| WO2021260565A1 (fr) | 2020-06-23 | 2021-12-30 | I-Ten | Anode de forte densité d'énergie et de puissance pour batteries et méthode de sa fabrication |
| WO2021260571A1 (fr) | 2020-06-23 | 2021-12-30 | Hfg | Anode de forte densite d'energie et de puissance pour batteries |
| FR3111740A1 (fr) | 2020-06-23 | 2021-12-24 | I-Ten | Anode de forte densite d’energie et de puissance pour batteries |
| CN114171783A (zh) * | 2021-11-05 | 2022-03-11 | 珠海冠宇电池股份有限公司 | 一种固态电解质和含有该固态电解质的固态电池 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR20170024099A (ko) | 2017-03-06 |
| US10804569B2 (en) | 2020-10-13 |
| KR102324427B1 (ko) | 2021-11-11 |
| EP3164903B1 (fr) | 2021-04-28 |
| JP6762237B2 (ja) | 2020-09-30 |
| JP2017525096A (ja) | 2017-08-31 |
| US20170162911A1 (en) | 2017-06-08 |
| FR3023418A1 (fr) | 2016-01-08 |
| EP3164903A1 (fr) | 2017-05-10 |
| FR3023418B1 (fr) | 2016-07-15 |
| CN106797047A (zh) | 2017-05-31 |
| CN106797047B (zh) | 2020-07-21 |
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