WO2016010085A1 - 蓄電デバイス用セパレータおよび該セパレータを用いた蓄電デバイス - Google Patents
蓄電デバイス用セパレータおよび該セパレータを用いた蓄電デバイス Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016010085A1 WO2016010085A1 PCT/JP2015/070301 JP2015070301W WO2016010085A1 WO 2016010085 A1 WO2016010085 A1 WO 2016010085A1 JP 2015070301 W JP2015070301 W JP 2015070301W WO 2016010085 A1 WO2016010085 A1 WO 2016010085A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/52—Separators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/50—Electrodes characterised by their material specially adapted for lithium-ion capacitors, e.g. for lithium-doping or for intercalation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/54—Electrolytes
- H01G11/58—Liquid electrolytes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/004—Details
- H01G9/02—Diaphragms; Separators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/429—Natural polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/44—Fibrous material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
- H01M50/491—Porosity
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electricity storage device separator and an electricity storage device using the separator, and more particularly to an electricity storage device separator suitable for an electric double layer capacitor and an electric double layer capacitor that is an electricity storage device using the separator.
- An electricity storage device for example, an electric double layer capacitor
- an electric double layer capacitor is a capacitor that utilizes an electric double layer phenomenon in which, when a polarizable electrode and an electrolytic solution are brought into contact with each other, electric charges are accumulated relative to the polarizable electrode surface and the electrolytic solution interface, Generally, it is comprised with a pair of polarizable electrode which opposes, and the separator and organic electrolyte which isolate
- the polarizable electrode activated carbon powder having a large charge storage interface, that is, a large specific surface area is used.
- This electric double layer capacitor has a large electrode area and can be obtained with a much larger capacity than aluminum electrolytic capacitors, which are recognized as having a large capacity among capacitors, so it is mainly used for memory backup of household appliances. Has been used for. In recent years, attention has been focused on large-capacity electric double layer capacitors, and their use has been expanded to various applications such as vehicles, solar and wind power generation, in addition to OA equipment and industrial machinery.
- This electric double layer capacitor is classified into a coin type, a wound type and a multilayer type according to the structure, and the capacity is determined by the surface area of the electrode acting as a charge storage interface.
- the coin type is made by attaching fine activated carbon fibers or activated carbon powder with a binder, impregnating the electrolyte with a separator interposed in parallel between a pair of polarizable electrodes that have been matted and punched into a circle. It is housed in a metal case that also serves as a material and sealed by caulking a metal lid through a gasket.
- the activated carbon made into fine powder is coated and bonded to the surface of the metal foil as a current collector with a binder, and this electrode pair is separated from the separator. It is wound by interposing it into a capacitor element, housed in a metal case, and then injected with an electrolytic solution and sealed.
- the activated carbon in the form of fine powder is coated and bonded to the surface of the metal foil, which is a current collector, with a binder, and the electrode is configured.
- the capacitor element is laminated to be stored in a multilayer laminate film using a metal case or thick aluminum foil, and is sealed after injecting an electrolytic solution.
- the wound type or multilayer type structure is adopted for the large capacity electric double layer capacitor whose use has been expanding in recent years.
- the large-capacity type is used for regenerative energy such as vehicles or for wind and solar power generation systems with large load fluctuations. In this application, it is excellent in instantaneous charge and discharge and requires characteristics such as long cycle life.
- the separator has a strength that can improve productivity without adversely affecting the internal resistance and leakage current characteristics. There is a need for a separator.
- regenerated cellulose fiber separator As separators suitable for conventional wound type and multilayer type electric double layer capacitors, regenerated cellulose fiber separator described in Patent Document 1, multilayer separator containing regenerated cellulose and synthetic fiber described in Patent Document 2, patent There are a two-layer separator or the like in which a layer containing regenerated cellulose fibers described in Document 3 and a polyolefin porous membrane layer are laminated.
- the regenerated cellulose fiber that can be beaten improves the tensile strength by increasing the bond between fibers by beating, but the tear strength decreases rapidly if the bond between fibers is increased by further beating the fiber. . That is, in fibers that have been beaten to some extent, the tensile strength and tear strength due to interfiber bonding are in a reciprocal relationship, and the higher the beating, the higher the tensile strength, but the lower the tear strength. Become.
- a multi-layer separator having a high density layer mixed with beating regenerated cellulose and synthetic fibers and a low density layer mixed with beating regenerated cellulose and synthetic fibers has excellent mechanical strength.
- a separator has been proposed.
- the separator used in the example of Patent Document 2 since the content of the synthetic fiber is large, the hydrogen bond between the fibers is weakened, and the separator becomes more fuzzy, so that an electric double layer capacitor is manufactured. In some cases, the fiber flakes off due to the fluffing of the separator, and the leakage current value of the electric double layer capacitor increases.
- the cellulose separator retains its shape and retains its strength because not only the physical force due to the entanglement between the fibers but also the chemical force of hydrogen bonding between the cellulose molecules. .
- a separator having excellent mechanical strength has been proposed by forming a double-layer separator in which a polyolefin porous membrane layer is laminated on a layer obtained by mixing synthetic fibers with regenerated cellulose fibers that can be beaten as in Patent Document 3. ing.
- the polyolefin porous membrane has fewer voids than the cellulose separator, there is a problem that the ionic conduction of the electrolytic solution is inhibited and the ESR deteriorates.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and provides a separator for an electricity storage device having excellent tensile strength and tear strength. It is another object of the present invention to provide an electricity storage device that can improve productivity without adversely affecting internal resistance and leakage current characteristics by using the separator.
- an embodiment of the present invention according to the present invention has the following configuration, for example. That is, a separator for an electricity storage device that is interposed between a pair of polarizable electrodes and can hold an electrolyte-containing electrolyte solution, and includes a fiber layer A made of a long or short mesh paper, and a fiber made of a circular mesh paper
- the fiber layer A and the fiber layer B contain 70% by mass or more of regenerated cellulose fiber, and the density of the entire bilayer structure is 0.25 to 0.65 g / cm. 3, thickness and electric storage device separator, which is a 10 ⁇ 150 [mu] m.
- a separator for an electricity storage device that is interposed between a pair of polarizable electrodes and can hold an electrolyte-containing electrolyte solution, and a fiber layer A made of a long or short mesh paper and a circular mesh paper
- the fiber layer A has a two-layer structure, and the fiber layer A and the fiber layer B contain 70% by mass or more of regenerated cellulose fiber, and the density of the entire two-layer structure is 0.35 to 0.55 g / cm 3 and a thickness of 20 to 60 ⁇ m
- the fiber layer A has a CSF value: once lowered to 0 ml (lower limit), and further beating, paper making is performed using regenerated cellulose fibers having a CSF value of 10 to 600 ml, and the fiber layer is formed.
- B is characterized in that paper is made using regenerated cellulose fibers beaten to a CSF value of CSF 700 to 0 ml.
- the regenerated cellulose fiber is selected from solvent-spun rayon fiber or viscose regenerated cellulose fiber.
- the electricity storage device is an electricity storage device using any of the above separators for electricity storage devices.
- the electricity storage device is an electric double layer capacitor or a lithium ion capacitor.
- a separator for an electricity storage device that is excellent in both tensile strength and tear strength can be provided. Further, by using the separator, it is possible to provide an electricity storage device capable of improving productivity without adversely affecting internal resistance and leakage current characteristics.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the relationship between the product of beating process energy and time of separator constituent materials and the beaten CSF value (ml) in an embodiment of the present invention.
- the freeness of the regenerated cellulose used is a value measured according to “JIS P8121-2 Pulp-Freeness Test Method-Part 2: Canadian Standard Freeness Method”. Is used. Canadian Standard Freeness is the volume of filtrate collected from the side orifice of a Canadian Standard Freeness Meter in ml.
- the amount of filtrate discharged from the side orifice in the measuring funnel through a fiber mat formed on a sieve plate having 97 holes with a diameter of 0.5 mm per cm 2 is measured. Is the method.
- Regenerated cellulose that can be beaten is refined by beating. If the refined regenerated cellulose is filtered on a sieve plate, it is affected by the fiber mat that is initially deposited on the sieve plate, and then the resistance of the suspension to pass through increases. When the regenerated cellulose is refined by beating, the freeness value is gradually lowered to 0 ml.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the relationship between the execution time of a beating process of a separator material (regenerated cellulose fiber) and the beaten CSF value (ml) in an embodiment of the present invention.
- the raw material until the CSF value once decreases to 0 ml (b in FIG. 1) and the raw material that has been further beaten and turned upward are used.
- the horizontal axis in FIG. 1 indicates the product of beating energy and time when beating the separator constituting material.
- the separator of this embodiment is interposed between a pair of polarizable electrodes and can hold an electrolyte-containing electrolyte solution.
- the separator is made of a long or short mesh paper layer A and a circular mesh paper.
- the fiber layer A has a two-layer structure, and the fiber layers A and B contain 70% by mass or more of regenerated cellulose fibers, and the density of the entire two-layer structure is 0.25 to 0.65 g / cm 3.
- the separator has a thickness of 10 to 150 ⁇ m.
- the separator of the present embodiment is interposed between a pair of polarizable electrodes, can hold an electrolytic solution containing an electrolyte, and has a fiber layer A made of long or short mesh paper, and a circular mesh.
- the paper layer has a two-layer structure composed of a fiber layer B, and the fiber layers A and B contain 70% by mass or more of regenerated cellulose fiber, and the density of the entire two-layer structure is 0.35 to 0.55 g /
- the separator has a thickness of cm 3 and a thickness of 20 to 60 ⁇ m.
- the raw material (regenerated cellulose fiber) having a CSF value of 10 to 600 ml which has been further beaten and turned upward is adopted.
- the fiber layer B a raw material (regenerated cellulose fiber) having a CSF value of 700 to 0 ml is used.
- this embodiment can provide a separator for an electricity storage device having excellent tensile strength and tear strength. Further, by using the separator, a separator capable of improving the productivity of the electricity storage device without adversely affecting the internal resistance and leakage current characteristics can be obtained.
- a capacitor as the electricity storage device, and an electric double layer capacitor can be included as the capacitor.
- an electric double layer capacitor can be included as the capacitor.
- a capacitor specifically an electric double layer capacitor, is used as an electricity storage device using the separator of this embodiment.
- this does not exclude the use of other power storage devices and capacitors.
- the electric double layer capacitor using the separator according to the present embodiment has the separator portion impregnated and held with an organic electrolyte, and a pair of polarizable electrodes are separated by the separator to form an electric double layer capacitor.
- the separator according to the present embodiment uses a raw material obtained by beating a regenerated cellulose fiber that can be beaten, or other raw materials, using a long mesh paper machine, a short mesh paper machine, or the like.
- the paper layer formed in step 1 and the paper layer formed in a circular net are combined on a paper machine to form a two-layer separator. It is also possible to form a two-layered separator by post-processing pasting two separators made by a long paper machine and a circular paper machine, or a short paper machine and a circular paper machine.
- regenerated cellulose fiber a solution obtained by dissolving cellulose on a molecule with an organic solvent such as copper ammonia regenerated cellulose fiber, viscose regenerated cellulose fiber, and N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide by a wet spinning method is used as a spinning stock solution. And solvent-spun recycled cellulose fibers.
- organic solvent such as copper ammonia regenerated cellulose fiber, viscose regenerated cellulose fiber, and N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide by a wet spinning method
- solvent-spun recycled cellulose fibers solvent-spun recycled cellulose fibers.
- typical examples of regenerated cellulose fibers that can be beaten include polynosic rayon as viscose regenerated cellulose fibers and lyocell as solvent-spun rayon fibers. Layers can be formed.
- Fibrils obtained by beating regenerated cellulose fibers have a thin fiber diameter and weak interfiber bonding force. For this reason, the fibers and fibrils are entangled at the entanglement points, but the internal resistance is not deteriorated because the fibers and fibrils are not bound to each other by a surface or a line. In the present embodiment, this characteristic point is the reason for blending regenerated cellulose fibers that can be beaten.
- the present invention is not limited to the above example, and any regenerated cellulose fiber that can be beaten may be used. For example, it is not limited to polynosic rayon fiber and lyocell fiber, which are described in detail below.
- ⁇ Capacitor separators are required not to deteriorate internal resistance and leakage current when incorporated in an electric double layer capacitor. Therefore, there are no particular limitations on the other fibers to be mixed into the beating raw material, but natural cellulose fibers such as hemp pulp, manila hemp pulp, esparto pulp, wood kraft pulp, cotton pulp, etc. can be used. Bendable synthetic fibers such as acrylic, polypropylene, polyethylene (hereinafter referred to as “PE”), polyethylene terephthalate (hereinafter referred to as “PET”), polyphenylene sulfide, polyethylene naphthalate, etc. may be selected. . In addition, beaten synthetic fibers depend on the fiber diameter, but can be used without beating if the fiber diameter is sufficiently small.
- the content of the beating raw material of regenerated cellulose fiber that can be beaten is preferably 70% by mass or more. If the content of the beating raw material of the regenerated cellulose fiber that can be beaten is less than 70% by mass, the content of other fibers may increase, which may increase the internal resistance value or leakage current value of the electric double layer capacitor. is there. For example, when the content of natural cellulose fiber is large, the internal resistance value of the electric double layer capacitor may be increased. This is because fibrils generated by beating natural fibers are hydrogen-bonded, so that the higher the degree of fibril generation, the easier the fibers are bound together.
- the fibers When the binding between the fibers becomes excessive, the fibers aggregate in a planar shape to form a membrane and inhibit ion permeability.
- the bonding force between the fibers is weak, so that the sheet surface is weak against abrasion and becomes a sheet with many fluffs.
- the fibers may fall off due to the fluffing of the sheet, which may increase the leakage current value of the electric double layer capacitor.
- the density of the two-layered separator preferably from 0.25 ⁇ 0.65g / cm 3, more preferably 0.35 ⁇ 0.55g / cm 3. If the density of the separator is less than 0.25 g / cm 3 , the tensile strength and tear strength are too low, which may cause a short circuit failure due to the breakage of the separator in the manufacturing process of the wound type or multilayer type electric double layer capacitor. There is. On the other hand, when the density of the separator exceeds 0.65 g / cm 3 , the gap of the separator is reduced and the ion permeability is hindered, resulting in a problem that the internal resistance of the electric double layer capacitor is deteriorated.
- the thickness of the two-layer separator is preferably 10 to 150 ⁇ m, and more preferably 20 to 60 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the separator is less than 10 ⁇ m, even if the separator has a two-layer structure according to the embodiment of the present invention, the tensile strength and tear strength of the separator are weak. This is because a short circuit failure due to the breakage of the separator may occur in the manufacturing process, and the shielding property of the separator is lowered, resulting in an electric double layer capacitor having a large leakage current value.
- the thickness of the separator exceeds 150 ⁇ m, the distance between the electrodes of the electric double layer capacitor is increased due to the thick separator, which causes a problem that the internal resistance of the electric double layer capacitor is deteriorated.
- the beating degree of the fiber layer A it is preferable that after the CSF value of the beating raw material is once lowered to 0 ml (lower limit value), the beating is further promoted, and the beating degree is increased to a CSF value of 10 to 600 ml. After the CSF value once decreased to 0 ml (lower limit), the beating was further advanced, and when the CSF value turned lower than 10 ml, the separator tensile strength was weak, and the wound type or multilayer electric double layer capacitor In the manufacturing process, there is a risk that a short circuit failure may occur due to the breakage of the separator. Further, the electric double layer capacitor has a low shielding property and a high leakage current value.
- the beating was further advanced, and when the CSF value increased to 600 ml, the fiber length was shortened and the wet paper strength was weakened.
- the separator may not be manufactured.
- the beating raw material is preferably beaten to a CSF value of 700 to 0 ml.
- the CSF value is higher than 700 ml, there are many unbeaten fibers, the bonding between the fibers is weak, and the fibers may fall off due to the fluffing of the separator.
- the fibers drop off, the thickness of the dropout portion decreases, resulting in a reduction in the shielding property of the separator and an electric double layer capacitor having a high leakage current value.
- the dropped fiber may adhere to the manufacturing machine, and the productivity of the electric double layer capacitor is reduced. Therefore, it is necessary to periodically stop the production line and remove the dropped fibers.
- the separator has found a good separator in both the manufacturing process of the electric double layer capacitor and the capacitor characteristics.
- the separator in a manufacturing process of a wound type or multilayer type electric double layer capacitor, the separator has a tensile strength and a tear strength that can be manufactured without breaking, and has a good separator as an electric double layer capacitor. is there.
- the density of the absolutely dry separator was measured by the method defined in Method B of “JIS C 2300-2“ Electric Cellulose Paper—Part 2: Test Method ”7.0 A Density”.
- the transverse tear strength of the separator was measured by the method specified in “JIS C 2300-2“ Electric Cellulose Paper—Part 2: Test Method ”9 Tear Strength”.
- the internal resistance (Z) of the electric double layer capacitor was measured using an LCR meter with an alternating current of 1 mA and a frequency of 1 kHz.
- the leakage current (LC) of the electric double layer capacitor was measured by charging the electric double layer capacitor at a rated voltage of 2.5 V and continuing charging at a constant voltage for 30 minutes.
- the short-circuit failure rate of the electric double layer capacitor is determined as a short-circuit failure when the charging voltage does not increase to the rated voltage of 2.5 V when measuring the capacitance of the electric double layer capacitor. Was divided by 1000 to obtain the defective rate.
- a non-woven fabric was obtained by a papermaking method using a regenerated cellulose with a long mesh paper machine or a short mesh paper machine. That is, the separator was composed of a wet nonwoven fabric.
- Example 1 At Fourdrinier cylinder paper machine, a thickness of 10 [mu] m, to prepare a two-layer separator density 0.25 g / cm 3.
- the fiber layer A made with a long mesh used 100% by mass of lyocell fiber, which is a regenerated cellulose fiber, as a papermaking raw material, and after the CSF value once decreased to 0 ml (lower limit), the beating was further promoted and started to rise.
- Example 2 A two-layer separator having a thickness of 10 ⁇ m and a density of 0.65 g / cm 3 was produced using a long web paper machine.
- the fiber layer A made with a long mesh used 100% by mass of lyocell fiber, which is a regenerated cellulose fiber, as a papermaking raw material, and after the CSF value once decreased to 0 ml (lower limit), the beating was further promoted and started to rise.
- Example 3 At short wire cloth cylinder paper machine, a thickness of 20 [mu] m, to prepare a two-layer separator density 0.65 g / cm 3.
- the fiber layer A made with a short mesh uses 100% by mass of polynosic rayon fiber, which is a regenerated cellulose fiber, as a papermaking raw material, and after the CSF value has once decreased to 0 ml (lower limit), the beating is further promoted and then turned up.
- the fiber layer B which is made of a raw material beaten to a CSF value of 550 ml and has a thickness of 10 ⁇ m and a density of 0.72 g / cm 3 , and made with a circular mesh, is a polynosic rayon that is a regenerated cellulose fiber as a papermaking raw material. It is a layer having a thickness of 10 ⁇ m and a density of 0.58 g / cm 3 made of a raw material beaten to 100 ml with a CSF value of 100% by mass.
- Example 4 A two-layer separator having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m and a density of 0.55 g / cm 3 was produced using a long web paper machine.
- the fiber layer A made with a long mesh used 100% by mass of lyocell fiber, which is a regenerated cellulose fiber, as a papermaking raw material.
- a fiber layer B made of a raw material beaten to a CSF value of 400 ml, having a thickness of 10 ⁇ m and a density of 0.65 g / cm 3 , and made with a circular mesh, is made of lyocell fiber, which is a regenerated cellulose fiber, as a papermaking raw material. It is a layer having a thickness of 10 ⁇ m and a density of 0.45 g / cm 3 made of a raw material beaten to 100 ml% and having a CSF value of 50 ml.
- Example 5 A two-layer separator having a thickness of 150 ⁇ m and a density of 0.25 g / cm 3 was produced using a long web paper machine.
- the fiber layer A made with a long mesh used 100% by mass of lyocell fiber, which is a regenerated cellulose fiber, as a papermaking raw material.
- a fiber layer B made of a raw material beaten to a CSF value of 10 ml and having a thickness of 50 ⁇ m and a density of 0.35 g / cm 3. It is a layer having a thickness of 100 ⁇ m and a density of 0.20 g / cm 3 made of a raw material beaten to a CSF value of 690 ml using 100% by mass.
- Example 6 A two-layer separator having a thickness of 150 ⁇ m and a density of 0.65 g / cm 3 was produced using a long web paper machine.
- the fiber layer A made with a long mesh used 100% by mass of lyocell fiber, which is a regenerated cellulose fiber, as a papermaking raw material, and after the CSF value once decreased to 0 ml (lower limit), the beating was further promoted and started to rise.
- Example 7 A two-layer separator having a thickness of 40 ⁇ m and a density of 0.40 g / cm 3 was produced using a long web paper machine.
- the fiber layer A made with a long mesh used 100% by mass of lyocell fiber, which is a regenerated cellulose fiber, as a papermaking raw material, and after the CSF value once decreased to 0 ml (lower limit), the beating was further promoted and started to rise.
- Example 8 A two-layer separator having a thickness of 40 ⁇ m and a density of 0.40 g / cm 3 was produced using a long web paper machine.
- the fiber layer A made with a long web uses 70% by mass of lyocell fiber, which is a regenerated cellulose fiber, and 30% by mass of hemp, which is a natural fiber, as a papermaking material, and after the CSF value has once decreased to 0 ml (lower limit).
- the fiber layer B which is a layer of 25 ⁇ m thickness and a density of 0.46 g / cm 3 , made of a raw material beaten to a beating up to a CSF value of 200 ml, which is turned up, is made of regenerated cellulose.
- Example 9 A two-layer separator having a thickness of 70 ⁇ m and a density of 0.25 g / cm 3 was produced using a long web paper machine.
- the fiber layer A made with a long mesh used 100% by mass of lyocell fiber, which is a regenerated cellulose fiber, as a papermaking raw material, and after the CSF value once decreased to 0 ml (lower limit), the beating was further promoted and started to rise.
- Example 10 A two-layer separator having a thickness of 60 ⁇ m and a density of 0.25 g / cm 3 was produced using a long web paper machine.
- the fiber layer A made with a long mesh used 100% by mass of lyocell fiber, which is a regenerated cellulose fiber, as a papermaking raw material, and after the CSF value once decreased to 0 ml (lower limit), the beating was further promoted and started to rise.
- a fiber layer B made of a raw material beaten to a CSF value of 10 ml and having a thickness of 25 ⁇ m and a density of 0.33 g / cm 3. It is a layer having a thickness of 35 ⁇ m and a density of 0.19 g / cm 3 made of a raw material beaten to a CSF value of 700 ml using 100% by mass.
- Example 11 A two-layer separator having a thickness of 60 ⁇ m and a density of 0.35 g / cm 3 was produced using a long web paper machine.
- the fiber layer A made with a long mesh used 100% by mass of lyocell fiber, which is a regenerated cellulose fiber, as a papermaking raw material, and after the CSF value once decreased to 0 ml (lower limit), the beating was further promoted and started to rise.
- Example 12 A two-layer separator having a thickness of 60 ⁇ m and a density of 0.35 g / cm 3 was produced using a long web paper machine.
- the fiber layer A made with a long net uses 70% by mass of lyocell fiber, which is a regenerated cellulose fiber, and 30% by mass of PET fiber, which is a synthetic fiber, as a papermaking raw material, and the CSF value once decreased to 0 ml (lower limit).
- the beating was further advanced, and the fiber layer B, which was made of a raw material beaten to a rising CSF value of 50 ml and had a thickness of 25 ⁇ m and a density of 0.37 g / cm 3 , was made with a circular net.
- the raw material was made of 70% by mass of lyocell fiber, which is a regenerated cellulose fiber, and 30% by mass of PET fiber, which is a synthetic fiber.
- the raw material was beaten to a CSF value of 30 ml, and the thickness was 35 ⁇ m and the density was 0.34 g / cm 3. Layer.
- a two-layer separator having a thickness of 8 ⁇ m and a density of 0.70 g / cm 3 was produced using a long web paper machine.
- the fiber layer A made with a long mesh used 100% by mass of lyocell fiber, which is a regenerated cellulose fiber, as a papermaking raw material, and after the CSF value once decreased to 0 ml (lower limit), the beating was further promoted and started to rise. It is a layer having a thickness of 5 ⁇ m and a density of 0.72 g / cm 3 made of a raw material beaten to a CSF value of 600 ml.
- the fiber layer B paper-made with a circular net is used as a papermaking raw material after the CSF value has once decreased to 0 ml (lower limit value), further beating, and using the raw material beaten to a CSF value of 10 ml, which has turned up, thickness 3 [mu] m, to obtain a layer of density 0.67 g / cm 3.
- a two-layer separator having a thickness of 160 ⁇ m and a density of 0.25 g / cm 3 was produced using a long web paper machine.
- the fiber layer B which is composed of a raw material beaten to a CSF value of 10 ml and has a thickness of 60 ⁇ m and a density of 0.35 g / cm 3 , and made with a circular mesh, uses lyocell fiber, which is a regenerated cellulose fiber, as a papermaking raw material. using 100 wt%, composed of raw materials beaten to CSF value 750 ml, a thickness of 100 [mu] m, the layer of density 0.19 g / cm 3.
- a two-layer separator having a thickness of 160 ⁇ m and a density of 0.65 g / cm 3 was produced using a long web paper machine.
- the fiber layer A made with a long net is composed of a raw material obtained by beating up to a CSF value of 600 ml using 100% by mass of lyocell fiber, which is a regenerated cellulose fiber, as a papermaking raw material, and has a thickness of 100 ⁇ m and a density of 0.72 g / cm 3.
- the fiber layer B made with a circular net is made of a raw material obtained by beating up to 100 ml of CSF value using 100% by mass of lyocell fiber, which is a regenerated cellulose fiber, as a papermaking raw material, and has a thickness of 60 ⁇ m and a density of 0 .53 g / cm 3 layer.
- a two-layer separator having a thickness of 250 ⁇ m and a density of 0.39 g / cm 3 was produced using a long web paper machine.
- the fiber layer A made with a long net is made of a raw material obtained by beating up to 100 ml of CSF value using 100% by mass of lyocell fiber, which is a regenerated cellulose fiber, as a papermaking raw material, and has a thickness of 167 ⁇ m and a density of 0.39 g / cm 3.
- the fiber layer B made with a circular net is made of a raw material obtained by beating up to 100 ml CSF value using 100% by mass of lyocell fiber, which is a regenerated cellulose fiber, as a papermaking raw material, with a thickness of 83 ⁇ m and a density of 0 .39 g / cm 3 layer.
- the separator was calendered to obtain a two-layer separator having a thickness of 150 ⁇ m and a density of 0.65 g / cm 3 .
- the fiber layer A after calendering had a thickness of 100 ⁇ m and a density of 0.65 g / cm 3
- the fiber layer B had a thickness of 50 ⁇ m and a density of 0.65 g / cm 3 .
- Comparative Example 8 A two-layer separator having a thickness of 40 ⁇ m and a density of 0.40 g / cm 3 was produced using a long web paper machine.
- the fiber layer A made with a long net uses 60% by mass of lyocell fiber, which is a regenerated cellulose fiber, and 40% by mass of hemp, which is a natural fiber, as a papermaking material, and after the CSF value has once decreased to 0 ml (lower limit).
- the fiber layer B which is a layer of 25 ⁇ m thickness and a density of 0.46 g / cm 3 composed of a raw material beaten further and beaten to a rising CSF value of 200 ml, and made by a circular net, As a layer of 15 ⁇ m thickness and 0.30 g / cm 3 , composed of raw materials beaten up to 70 ml CSF value using 70% by weight of lyocell fiber as regenerated cellulose fiber and 30% by weight of hemp as natural fiber is there.
- a two-layer separator having a thickness of 40 ⁇ m and a density of 0.40 g / cm 3 was produced using a long web paper machine.
- the fiber layer A made with a long web uses 70% by mass of lyocell fiber, which is a regenerated cellulose fiber, and 30% by mass of hemp, which is a natural fiber, as a papermaking material, and after the CSF value has once decreased to 0 ml (lower limit).
- the fiber layer B which is a layer of 25 ⁇ m thickness and a density of 0.46 g / cm 3 composed of a raw material beaten further and beaten to a rising CSF value of 200 ml, and made by a circular net, As a layer of 15 ⁇ m thickness and 0.30 g / cm 3 composed of raw material beaten to 60 ml CSF value using 60% by mass of lyocell fiber as regenerated cellulose fiber and 40% by mass of hemp as natural fiber It is.
- a two-layer separator having a thickness of 60 ⁇ m and a density of 0.35 g / cm 3 was produced using a long web paper machine.
- the fiber layer A made with a long mesh used 60% by mass of lyocell fiber, which is a regenerated cellulose fiber, and 40% by mass of PET fiber, which is a synthetic fiber, as a papermaking material, and the CSF value once decreased to 0 ml (lower limit).
- the beating was further advanced, and the fiber layer B, which was made of a raw material beaten up to a rising CSF value of 50 ml, was a layer of 25 ⁇ m thickness and a density of 0.36 g / cm 3.
- the raw material was made of 70% by mass of lyocell fiber, which is a regenerated cellulose fiber, and 30% by mass of PET fiber, which is a synthetic fiber.
- the raw material was beaten to a CSF value of 30 ml, and the thickness was 35 ⁇ m and the density was 0.34 g / cm 3. Layer.
- a two-layer separator having a thickness of 60 ⁇ m and a density of 0.35 g / cm 3 was produced using a long web paper machine.
- the fiber layer A made with a long net uses 70% by mass of lyocell fiber, which is a regenerated cellulose fiber, and 30% by mass of PET fiber, which is a synthetic fiber, as a papermaking raw material, and the CSF value once decreased to 0 ml (lower limit).
- the beating was further advanced, and the fiber layer B, which was made of a raw material beaten to a rising CSF value of 50 ml and had a thickness of 25 ⁇ m and a density of 0.37 g / cm 3 , was made with a circular net.
- regenerated cellulose lyocell fibers are fibers with PET fibers is 60 wt% synthetic fibers 40 wt%, composed of raw materials beaten to CSF value 30 ml, a thickness of 35 [mu] m, density 0.34 g / cm 3 Layer.
- the fiber layer A made with a short mesh is a layer having a thickness of 17 ⁇ m and a density of 0.58 g / cm 3 composed of a raw material obtained by mixing 50% lyocell fiber and 50% PET fiber and beating up to a CSF value of 0 ml.
- the fiber layer B made with a circular net is a layer having a thickness of 23 ⁇ m and a density of 0.46 g / cm 3 composed of a raw material mixed with 50% lyocell fiber and 50% PET fiber and beaten to a CSF value of 50 ml. is there.
- the fiber layer A is a layer having a thickness of 40 ⁇ m and a density of 0.22 g / cm 3 made of a raw material obtained by mixing 80% by mass of lyocell fiber and 20% by mass of PET fiber and beating up to a CSF value of 0 ml.
- B is a layer having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m and a density of 0.61 g / cm 3 .
- the fiber layer B is obtained by melt-extruding a high-density PE pulp (specific gravity: 0.96) with a T-die to form a film, passing through heat treatment in a hot-air circulating oven, and then stretching between nip rolls.
- Example 7 Using the separators of Example 7, Example 8, Comparative Example 8, Comparative Example 9, Conventional Example 1 and Conventional Example 2 as the multilayer capacitor, an electric capacitor having a cell size of 36 mm ⁇ ⁇ 64 mmL, a rated voltage of 2.5 V, and a capacity of 300 F is used.
- the separators of Examples 9 to 12, Comparative Example 10, Comparative Example 11, and Conventional Example 3 the multilayer capacitor was manufactured using a cell size of 22 mm ⁇ ⁇ 45 mmL, Rated voltage 2.5V, the electric double layer capacitor of capacitance 100F was prepared.
- the separator of Comparative Example 6 could not be used because the surface of the separator was abraded during the manufacturing process of the electric double layer capacitor, and the fibers were often dropped due to fluffing.
- Table 1 shows the evaluation results of the separators of the present embodiment, Comparative Examples 1 to 11 and Conventional Examples 1 to 3, and the performance evaluation results of the electric double layer capacitor described above.
- Table 1 in order to distinguish the difference in the beating degree, after the CSF value is once lowered to 0 ml (lower limit value), the beating is further advanced, and the CSF value that has started to rise is marked with *. 1000 electric double layer capacitors were manufactured, and various measured values show average values.
- the separators of Examples 1 to 4 are separators having a thickness of 10 ⁇ m and 20 ⁇ m and a density of 0.25 to 0.65 g / cm 3 . It can be seen that the separators of Examples 1 to 4 and the electric double layer capacitors manufactured using these separators satisfy the performance. On the other hand, the separator of Comparative Example 4 has a thickness of 8 ⁇ m, is thinner than the separators of Examples 1 to 4, and the beating of the fiber layer B has progressed, so the tear strength is weak. Accordingly, the short-circuit defect rate of the electric double layer capacitor is as high as 29.6%.
- the thickness is 8 ⁇ m
- the internal resistance of the electric double layer capacitor is higher than that of Example 3, which is because the density of the separator is as high as 0.70 g / cm 3. Conceivable. From this, it can be seen that a separator having a thickness greater than 10 ⁇ m and a density in the range of 0.25 to 0.65 g / cm 3 is preferable as a separator for an electric double layer capacitor.
- a separator having a thickness greater than 10 ⁇ m and a density in the range of 0.25 to 0.65 g / cm 3 is preferable as a separator for an electric double layer capacitor.
- Example 3 has better leakage current and short-circuit defect rate. This is because the tensile strength and tear strength were increased because the thickness of the separator of Example 3 was 20 ⁇ m.
- Example 3 and Example 4 are compared, since the density of the separator in Example 4 is lower, the internal resistance of the electric double layer capacitor is also lower.
- the separator of Comparative Example 5 is a separator having a thickness of 160 ⁇ m and a density of 0.25 g / cm 3 .
- the fluff of the separator was large and the fiber was frequently dropped, so that the electric double layer capacitor could not be evaluated.
- Example 5 is a separator having a thickness of 150 ⁇ m and a density of 0.25 g / cm 3 .
- This separator was satisfactory in terms of the performance of the electric double layer capacitor, although there was some fiber dropping in the manufacturing process of the electric double layer capacitor. From this, in order to suppress the dropping of the fiber and the like, the beating degree of the fiber layer B needs to be CSF 700 ml or less.
- the internal resistance of the electric double layer capacitor using the separator of Comparative Example 6 is as high as 38.7 m ⁇ . This is because the distance between the electrodes of the electric double layer capacitor is increased because the separator of Comparative Example 6 is thick. In the electric double layer capacitor using the separator of Comparative Example 7, the short-circuit defect rate was 1.5%. This is because the beating degree of the fiber layer A is as low as 0 ml of CSF, and the tensile strength of the separator is low.
- the internal resistance is higher than that of the electric double layer capacitors using the separators of Examples 7 and 8. This is because the resistance of the separator itself deteriorated by blending 40% by mass of the natural fiber beaten into the fiber layer on one side. Since fibrils produced by beating natural fibers are hydrogen-bonded, the higher the degree of fibril generation, the easier the fibers are bound together. When the binding between the fibers becomes excessive, the fibers are aggregated in a planar shape to form a film, which is considered to inhibit the ion permeability. From this, it can be seen that if the blending amount of the natural fiber is 30% by mass or less, it can be suitably used as a separator.
- the separator of Conventional Example 1 is a single-layered separator that does not have the fiber layer B, but does not have the fiber layer B, so the tear strength is weak, and the short-circuit defect rate of the electric double layer capacitor using this separator is 2. 1%.
- the content of the PET fibers in the fiber layer A and the fiber layer B is 50% by mass, and the bonding force between the fibers constituting the separator is low. For this reason, the tensile strength and tear strength of the separator were weak, the surface of the separator was fuzzy, the fibers dropped out frequently, and the short defect rate was high.
- the separators of Examples 9 to 12 are separators having a thickness of 60 ⁇ m and 70 ⁇ m and a density of 0.25 to 0.35 g / cm 3 . It can be seen that the separators of Examples 9 to 12 and the electric double layer capacitors manufactured using these separators satisfy the performance.
- the separators of Comparative Example 10 and Comparative Example 11 contain 40% by mass of PET fiber in the fiber layer on one side, and the separator has low tensile strength or tear strength.
- the surface of the separator was fuzzy, the fibers were often dropped, and the short defect rate was high. From this, it can be seen that if the content of the synthetic fiber is 30% by mass or less, it can be suitably used as a separator.
- Example 11 has better leakage current and short-circuit defect rate.
- Example 11 has a thickness of 60 ⁇ m and is thinner than Example 9, but is thought to be due to the high density of 0.35 g / cm 3 .
- the fiber layer on one side is a polyolefin porous membrane, but since the polyolefin porous membrane has fewer voids than the cellulose separator, the electric double layer is more than in Examples 9-12. The internal resistance of the capacitor deteriorated.
- the present embodiment has a two-layer structure composed of a fiber layer A that has been made into a long or short mesh paper and a fiber layer B that has been made into a circular mesh paper, and the fiber layers A and B are respectively
- the fiber layers A and B are beaten to the following ranges, and the density of the entire two-layer structure containing 70% by mass or more of regenerated cellulose fibers is 0.25 to 0.65 g / cm 3 and the thickness is
- a separator having a thickness of 10 to 150 ⁇ m it is possible to provide a separator for an electric double layer capacitor that has a mechanical strength that does not cause the separator to break during winding and lamination, and realizes high shielding properties and low ESR.
- CSF value of fiber layer A once lowered to 0 ml (lower limit), further beating, CSF value turned to rise 10 to 600 ml
- CSF value of fiber layer B CSF 700 to 0 ml
- the separator it is possible to provide an electric double layer capacitor capable of improving productivity without adversely affecting the internal resistance and leakage current characteristics.
- the separator of the present embodiment is used for an electric double layer capacitor, and the description of the details of the other configuration and manufacturing method of the electric double layer capacitor is omitted.
- the electrode material and the electrolytic solution are not particularly limited, and various types can be used.
- the separator can be applied not only to an electric double layer capacitor but also to various power storage devices such as a lithium ion capacitor, a lithium ion battery, a lithium battery, a sodium ion battery, an aluminum electrolytic capacitor, and a solid electrolytic capacitor. .
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Abstract
Description
しかしながら、ポリオレフィン製多孔質膜はセルロース製セパレータと比較して空隙が少ないことから、電解液のイオン伝導を阻害し、ESRが悪化してしまうという問題があった。
即ち、一対の分極性電極の間に介在し、電解質を含有した電解液を保持可能な蓄電デバイス用セパレータであって、長網または短網抄紙された繊維層Aと、円網抄紙された繊維層Bとからなる二層構造を有し、前記繊維層A及び繊維層Bは、再生セルロース繊維を70質量%以上含有した、前記二層構造全体の密度が0.25~0.65g/cm3、厚さが10~150μmであることを特徴とする蓄電デバイス用セパレータとする。
そして、たとえば係る蓄電デバイスは、電気二重層キャパシタまたはリチウムイオンキャパシタであることを特徴とする。
本発明に係る発明の実施の形態例では、使用する再生セルロースのろ水度を、「JIS P8121-2 パルプ-ろ水度試験法-第2部:カナダ標準ろ水度法」に従って測定した値を用いている。カナダ標準ろ水度は、カナダ標準ろ水度計のサイドオリフィスから集めた、ろ水の容量をmlで表したものである。
本実施の形態例のセパレータは、叩解可能な再生セルロース繊維を叩解した原料、或いは他の原料を使用して、長網円網抄紙機、短網円網抄紙機等により、長網又は短網で形成された紙層と円網で形成された紙層とを抄紙機上で抄き合わせて二層構造のセパレータとする。また、長網抄紙機と円網抄紙機、短網抄紙機と円網抄紙機にて抄造した二枚のセパレータを後加工で貼り合わせて二層構造のセパレータとすることも可能である。
本実施の形態例のセパレータ及び電気二重層キャパシタの各特性の具体的な測定は、以下の条件及び方法で行う。
「JIS C 2300-2 『電気用セルロース紙-第2部:試験方法』 5.1 厚さ」に規定された、「5.1.1 測定器及び測定方法 a)外側マイクロメータを用いる場合」のマイクロメータを用いて、「5.1.3 紙を折り重ねて厚さを測る場合」の10枚に折り重ねる方法でセパレータの厚さを測定した。
「JIS C 2300-2 『電気用セルロース紙-第2部:試験方法』 7.0A 密度」のB法に規定された方法で絶乾状態のセパレータの密度を測定した。
「JIS C 2300-2 『電気用セルロース紙-第2部:試験方法』 8 引張強さ及び伸び」に規定された方法でセパレータの縦方向の引張強さを測定した。
「JIS C 2300-2 『電気用セルロース紙-第2部:試験方法』 9 引裂強さ」に規定された方法でセパレータの横方向の引裂強さを測定した。
電気二重層キャパシタに本実施の形態例のセパレータを適用した例を以下に説明する。
本実施の形態例の電極としては、電気二重層キャパシタ用の活性炭電極(日本黒鉛工業株式会社製、製品名:SW-1)を用いた。また電解液としては、プロピレンカーボネート溶媒に、テトラエチルアンモニウムテトラフルオロボレート溶質を溶解したもの(富山薬品工業株式会社製、製品名:LIPASTE-EAF1N)を用いた(「LIPASTE」は、富山薬品工業株式会社の登録商標)。
以下、本実施の形態例のセパレータを用いた電気二重層キャパシタの製造方法を説明する。
活性炭電極と本発明のセパレータとを渦巻き状に捲回後、その捲回体を有底円筒状のアルミニウムケース内に収納し、電解液を注入し真空含浸を行った後、封口ゴムで封止して電気二重層キャパシタを作製した。
定格電圧2.5Vの捲回型電気二重層キャパシタを作製し、キャパシタ特性として静電容量(C)、内部抵抗(Z)、漏れ電流(LC)を測定した。
電気二重層キャパシタを定格電圧2.5Vで充電し、30分間電圧保持した後、定電流10mAで放電し、2.0Vから1.0Vに下がるまでの時間Tを測定することで、以下の式により静電容量(C)を算出した。
C=放電電流(10mA)×T (式1)
電気二重層キャパシタの内部抵抗(Z)は、交流電流1mA、周波数1kHzとし、LCRメーターを用いて測定した。
電気二重層キャパシタの漏れ電流(LC)は、電気二重層キャパシタを定格電圧2.5Vで充電し、30分間定電圧にて充電を継続した際の電流値を測定した。
本実施例のセパレータは、再生セルロースを使用して、長網円網抄紙機あるいは短網円網抄紙機により抄紙法にて不織布を得た。即ち、湿式不織布でセパレータを構成した。
長網円網抄紙機にて、厚さ10μm、密度0.25g/cm3の二層セパレータを作製した。長網で抄紙した繊維層Aは、抄紙原料として、再生セルロース繊維であるリヨセル繊維を100質量%用い、CSF値が一旦0ml(下限値)まで低下した後、更に叩解を進め、上昇に転じたCSF値10mlまで叩解した原料で構成された、厚さ5μm、密度0.30g/cm3の層であり、円網で抄紙した繊維層Bは、抄紙原料として、再生セルロース繊維であるリヨセル繊維を100質量%用い、CSF値700mlまで叩解した原料で構成された、厚さ5μm、密度0.20g/cm3の層である。
長網円網抄紙機にて、厚さ10μm、密度0.65g/cm3の二層セパレータを作製した。長網で抄紙した繊維層Aは、抄紙原料として、再生セルロース繊維であるリヨセル繊維を100質量%用い、CSF値が一旦0ml(下限値)まで低下した後、更に叩解を進め、上昇に転じたCSF値600mlまで叩解した原料で構成された、厚さ5μm、密度0.72g/cm3の層であり、円網で抄紙した繊維層Bは、抄紙原料として、再生セルロース繊維であるリヨセル繊維を100質量%用い、CSF値0mlまで叩解した原料で構成された、厚さ5μm、密度0.58g/cm3の層である。
短網円網抄紙機にて、厚さ20μm、密度0.65g/cm3の二層セパレータを作製した。短網で抄紙した繊維層Aは、抄紙原料として、再生セルロース繊維であるポリノジックレーヨン繊維を100質量%用い、CSF値が一旦0ml(下限値)まで低下した後、更に叩解を進め、上昇に転じたCSF値550mlまで叩解した原料で構成された、厚さ10μm、密度0.72g/cm3の層であり、円網で抄紙した繊維層Bは、抄紙原料として、再生セルロース繊維であるポリノジックレーヨン繊維を100質量%用い、CSF値10mlまで叩解した原料で構成された、厚さ10μm、密度0.58g/cm3の層である。
長網円網抄紙機にて、厚さ20μm、密度0.55g/cm3の二層セパレータを作製した。長網で抄紙した繊維層Aは、抄紙原料として、再生セルロース繊維であるリヨセル繊維を100質量%用い、CSF値が一旦0ml(下限値)まで低下した後、更に叩解を進め、上昇に転じたCSF値400mlまで叩解した原料で構成された、厚さ10μm、密度0.65g/cm3の層であり、円網で抄紙した繊維層Bは、抄紙原料として、再生セルロース繊維であるリヨセル繊維を100質量%用い、CSF値50mlまで叩解した原料で構成された、厚さ10μm、密度0.45g/cm3の層である。
長網円網抄紙機にて、厚さ150μm、密度0.25g/cm3の二層セパレータを作製した。長網で抄紙した繊維層Aは、抄紙原料として、再生セルロース繊維であるリヨセル繊維を100質量%用い、CSF値が一旦0ml(下限値)まで低下した後、更に叩解を進め、上昇に転じたCSF値10mlまで叩解した原料で構成された、厚さ50μm、密度0.35g/cm3の層であり、円網で抄紙した繊維層Bは、抄紙原料として、再生セルロース繊維であるリヨセル繊維を100質量%用い、CSF値690mlまで叩解した原料で構成された、厚さ100μm、密度0.20g/cm3の層である。
長網円網抄紙機にて、厚さ150μm、密度0.65g/cm3の二層セパレータを作製した。長網で抄紙した繊維層Aは、抄紙原料として、再生セルロース繊維であるリヨセル繊維を100質量%用い、CSF値が一旦0ml(下限値)まで低下した後、更に叩解を進め、上昇に転じたCSF値580mlまで叩解した原料で構成された、厚さ100μm、密度0.72g/cm3の層であり、円網で抄紙した繊維層Bは、抄紙原料として、再生セルロース繊維であるリヨセル繊維を100質量%用い、CSF値10mlまで叩解した原料で構成された、厚さ50μm、密度0.51g/cm3の層である。
長網円網抄紙機にて、厚さ40μm、密度0.40g/cm3の二層セパレータを作製した。長網で抄紙した繊維層Aは、抄紙原料として、再生セルロース繊維であるリヨセル繊維を100質量%用い、CSF値が一旦0ml(下限値)まで低下した後、更に叩解を進め、上昇に転じたCSF値200mlまで叩解した原料で構成された、厚さ25μm、密度0.46g/cm3の層であり、円網で抄紙した繊維層Bは、抄紙原料として、再生セルロース繊維であるリヨセル繊維を100質量%用い、CSF値100mlまで叩解した原料で構成された、厚さ15μm、密度0.30g/cm3の層である。
長網円網抄紙機にて、厚さ40μm、密度0.40g/cm3の二層セパレータを作製した。長網で抄紙した繊維層Aは、抄紙原料として、再生セルロース繊維であるリヨセル繊維を70質量%と天然繊維であるヘンプを30質量%用い、CSF値が一旦0ml(下限値)まで低下した後、更に叩解を進め、上昇に転じたCSF値200mlまで叩解した原料で構成された、厚さ25μm、密度0.46g/cm3の層であり、円網で抄紙した繊維層Bは、再生セルロース繊維であるリヨセル繊維を70質量%と天然繊維であるヘンプを30質量%用い、CSF値100mlまで叩解した原料で構成された、厚さ15μm、密度0.30g/cm3の層である。
長網円網抄紙機にて、厚さ70μm、密度0.25g/cm3の二層セパレータを作製した。長網で抄紙した繊維層Aは、抄紙原料として、再生セルロース繊維であるリヨセル繊維を100質量%用い、CSF値が一旦0ml(下限値)まで低下した後、更に叩解を進め、上昇に転じたCSF値30mlまで叩解した原料で構成された、厚さ25μm、密度0.34g/cm3の層であり、円網で抄紙した繊維層Bは、抄紙原料として、再生セルロース繊維であるリヨセル繊維を100質量%用い、CSF値650mlまで叩解した原料で構成された、厚さ45μm、密度0.20g/cm3の層である。
長網円網抄紙機にて、厚さ60μm、密度0.25g/cm3の二層セパレータを作製した。長網で抄紙した繊維層Aは、抄紙原料として、再生セルロース繊維であるリヨセル繊維を100質量%用い、CSF値が一旦0ml(下限値)まで低下した後、更に叩解を進め、上昇に転じたCSF値10mlまで叩解した原料で構成された、厚さ25μm、密度0.33g/cm3の層であり、円網で抄紙した繊維層Bは、抄紙原料として、再生セルロース繊維であるリヨセル繊維を100質量%用い、CSF値700mlまで叩解した原料で構成された、厚さ35μm、密度0.19g/cm3の層である。
長網円網抄紙機にて、厚さ60μm、密度0.35g/cm3の二層セパレータを作製した。長網で抄紙した繊維層Aは、抄紙原料として、再生セルロース繊維であるリヨセル繊維を100質量%用い、CSF値が一旦0ml(下限値)まで低下した後、更に叩解を進め、上昇に転じたCSF値50mlまで叩解した原料で構成された、厚さ25μm、密度0.37g/cm3の層であり、円網で抄紙した繊維層Bは、抄紙原料として、再生セルロース繊維であるリヨセル繊維を100質量%用い、CSF値30mlまで叩解した原料で構成された、厚さ35μm、密度0.34g/cm3の層である。
長網円網抄紙機にて、厚さ60μm、密度0.35g/cm3の二層セパレータを作製した。長網で抄紙した繊維層Aは、抄紙原料として、再生セルロース繊維であるリヨセル繊維を70質量%と合成繊維であるPET繊維を30質量%用い、CSF値が一旦0ml(下限値)まで低下した後、更に叩解を進め、上昇に転じたCSF値50mlまで叩解した原料で構成された、厚さ25μm、密度0.37g/cm3の層であり、円網で抄紙した繊維層Bは、抄紙原料として、再生セルロース繊維であるリヨセル繊維を70質量%と合成繊維であるPET繊維を30質量%用い、CSF値30mlまで叩解した原料で構成された、厚さ35μm、密度0.34g/cm3の層である。
長網で抄紙する繊維層Aの抄紙原料として、再生セルロース繊維であるリヨセル繊維を100質量%用い、CSF値が一旦0ml(下限値)まで低下した後、更に叩解を進め、上昇に転じたCSF値10mlまで叩解した原料を使用し、また円網で抄紙する繊維層Bの抄紙原料として、再生セルロース繊維であるリヨセル繊維を100質量%用い、CSF値700mlまで叩解した原料を使用することで、厚さ10μm、密度0.23g/cm3の二層セパレータの作製を試みたが、乾燥工程において破断が相次ぎ、セパレータを得ることができなかった。
長網で抄紙する繊維層Aの抄紙原料として、再生セルロース繊維であるリヨセル繊維を100質量%用い、CSF値が一旦0ml(下限値)まで低下した後、更に叩解を進め、上昇に転じたCSF値50mlまで叩解した原料を使用し、また円網で抄紙する繊維層Bの抄紙原料として、再生セルロース繊維であるリヨセル繊維を100質量%用い、CSF値650mlまで叩解した原料を使用することで、厚さ8μm、密度0.25g/cm3の二層セパレータの作製を試みたが、乾燥工程において破断が相次ぎ、セパレータを得ることができなかった。
長網円網抄紙機にて、長網で抄紙する繊維層Aの抄紙原料として、再生セルロース繊維であるリヨセル繊維を100質量%用い、CSF値が一旦0ml(下限値)まで低下した後、更に叩解を進め、上昇に転じたCSF値650mlまで叩解した原料を使用し、また円網で抄紙する繊維層Bの抄紙原料として、再生セルロース繊維であるリヨセル繊維を100質量%用い、CSF値0mlまで叩解した原料を使用することで、厚さ8μm、密度0.65g/cm3の二層セパレータの作製を試みたが、繊維層Aが抄紙ワイヤーからプレス工程に移行しなかったため、セパレータを得ることができなかった。これは繊維層Aの叩解を進めることでセパレータの引張強さを向上させる狙いであったが、繊維層Aの叩解を進め過ぎたため、繊維長が短く、湿紙強度が弱くなったことが原因と考えられる。
長網円網抄紙機にて、厚さ8μm、密度0.70g/cm3の二層セパレータを作製した。長網で抄紙した繊維層Aは、抄紙原料として、再生セルロース繊維であるリヨセル繊維を100質量%用い、CSF値が一旦0ml(下限値)まで低下した後、更に叩解を進め、上昇に転じたCSF値600mlまで叩解した原料で構成された、厚さ5μm、密度0.72g/cm3の層である。また、円網で抄紙した繊維層Bは、抄紙原料として、CSF値が一旦0ml(下限値)まで低下した後、更に叩解を進め、上昇に転じたCSF値10mlまで叩解した原料を使用し、厚さ3μm、密度0.67g/cm3の層を得た。
長網円網抄紙機にて、厚さ160μm、密度0.25g/cm3の二層セパレータを作製した。長網で抄紙した繊維層Aは、抄紙原料として、再生セルロース繊維であるリヨセル繊維を100質量%用い、CSF値が一旦0ml(下限値)まで低下した後、更に叩解を進め、上昇に転じたCSF値10mlまで叩解した原料で構成された、厚さ60μm、密度0.35g/cm3の層であり、円網で抄紙した繊維層Bは、抄紙原料として、再生セルロース繊維であるリヨセル繊維を100質量%用い、CSF値750mlまで叩解した原料で構成された、厚さ100μm、密度0.19g/cm3の層である。
長網円網抄紙機にて、厚さ160μm、密度0.65g/cm3の二層セパレータを作製した。長網で抄紙した繊維層Aは、抄紙原料として、再生セルロース繊維であるリヨセル繊維を100質量%用い、CSF値600mlまで叩解した原料で構成された、厚さ100μm、密度0.72g/cm3の層であり、円網で抄紙した繊維層Bは、抄紙原料として、再生セルロース繊維であるリヨセル繊維を100質量%用い、CSF値0mlまで叩解した原料で構成された、厚さ60μm、密度0.53g/cm3の層である。
長網円網抄紙機にて、厚さ250μm、密度0.39g/cm3の二層セパレータを作製した。長網で抄紙した繊維層Aは、抄紙原料として、再生セルロース繊維であるリヨセル繊維を100質量%用い、CSF値0mlまで叩解した原料で構成された、厚さ167μm、密度0.39g/cm3の層であり、円網で抄紙した繊維層Bは、抄紙原料として、再生セルロース繊維であるリヨセル繊維を100質量%用い、CSF値0mlまで叩解した原料で構成された、厚さ83μm、密度0.39g/cm3の層である。
長網円網抄紙機にて、厚さ40μm、密度0.40g/cm3の二層セパレータを作製した。長網で抄紙した繊維層Aは、抄紙原料として、再生セルロース繊維であるリヨセル繊維を60質量%と天然繊維であるヘンプを40質量%用い、CSF値が一旦0ml(下限値)まで低下した後、更に叩解を進め、上昇に転じたCSF値200mlまで叩解した原料で構成された、厚さ25μm、密度0.46g/cm3の層であり、円網で抄紙した繊維層Bは、抄紙原料として再生セルロース繊維であるリヨセル繊維を70質量%と天然繊維であるヘンプを30質量%用い、CSF値100mlまで叩解した原料で構成された、厚さ15μm、密度0.30g/cm3の層である。
長網円網抄紙機にて、厚さ40μm、密度0.40g/cm3の二層セパレータを作製した。長網で抄紙した繊維層Aは、抄紙原料として、再生セルロース繊維であるリヨセル繊維を70質量%と天然繊維であるヘンプを30質量%用い、CSF値が一旦0ml(下限値)まで低下した後、更に叩解を進め、上昇に転じたCSF値200mlまで叩解した原料で構成された、厚さ25μm、密度0.46g/cm3の層であり、円網で抄紙した繊維層Bは、抄紙原料として、再生セルロース繊維であるリヨセル繊維を60質量%と天然繊維であるヘンプを40質量%用い、CSF値100mlまで叩解した原料で構成された、厚さ15μm、密度0.30g/cm3の層である。
長網円網抄紙機にて、厚さ60μm、密度0.35g/cm3の二層セパレータを作製した。長網で抄紙した繊維層Aは、抄紙原料として、再生セルロース繊維であるリヨセル繊維を60質量%と合成繊維であるPET繊維を40質量%用い、CSF値が一旦0ml(下限値)まで低下した後、更に叩解を進め、上昇に転じたCSF値50mlまで叩解した原料で構成された、厚さ25μm、密度0.36g/cm3の層であり、円網で抄紙した繊維層Bは、抄紙原料として、再生セルロース繊維であるリヨセル繊維を70質量%と合成繊維であるPET繊維を30質量%用い、CSF値30mlまで叩解した原料で構成された、厚さ35μm、密度0.34g/cm3の層である。
長網円網抄紙機にて、厚さ60μm、密度0.35g/cm3の二層セパレータを作製した。長網で抄紙した繊維層Aは、抄紙原料として、再生セルロース繊維であるリヨセル繊維を70質量%と合成繊維であるPET繊維を30質量%用い、CSF値が一旦0ml(下限値)まで低下した後、更に叩解を進め、上昇に転じたCSF値50mlまで叩解した原料で構成された、厚さ25μm、密度0.37g/cm3の層であり、円網で抄紙した繊維層Bは、抄紙原料として、再生セルロース繊維であるリヨセル繊維を60質量%と合成繊維であるPET繊維を40質量%用い、CSF値30mlまで叩解した原料で構成された、厚さ35μm、密度0.34g/cm3の層である。
抄紙原料として、再生セルロース繊維であるリヨセル繊維を100質量%用い、長網抄紙機でセパレータを作製した。CSF値0mlまで叩解した原料で構成された、厚さ40μm、密度0.40g/cm3のセパレータを得た。
抄紙原料として、再生セルロース繊維であるリヨセル繊維と合成繊維であるPET繊維を用い、短網円網抄紙機で、厚さ40μm、密度0.51g/cm3の二層セパレータを作製した。短網で抄紙した繊維層Aは、リヨセル繊維50%とPET繊維50%を混合し、CSF値0mlまで叩解した原料で構成された、厚さ17μm、密度0.58g/cm3の層であり、円網で抄紙した繊維層Bは、リヨセル繊維50%とPET繊維50%を混合し、CSF値50mlまで叩解した原料で構成された、厚さ23μm、密度0.46g/cm3の層である。
抄紙原料として、再生セルロース繊維であるリヨセル繊維と合成繊維であるPET繊維を用い、JIS P822に規定される標準型手抄き装置で作製した繊維層Aと、PEパルプを原料とし、フィルム製造機にて製造された繊維層Bを積層し、厚さ60μm、密度0.35g/cm3の二層セパレータを作製した。繊維層Aは、リヨセル繊維80質量%とPET繊維20質量%を混合し、CSF値0mlまで叩解した原料で構成された、厚さ40μm、密度0.22g/cm3の層であり、繊維層Bは、厚さ20μm、密度0.61g/cm3の層である。繊維層Bは高密度PEパルプ(比重:0.96)をTダイにより溶融押出してフィルム化した後、熱風循環オーブン中で通過過熱処理をし、次いで、ニップロール間で延伸させたものである。
実施例3と実施例4を比較した際、実施例4の方がセパレータの密度が低いため、電気二重層キャパシタの内部抵抗も低くなっている。
また、比較例7のセパレータを用いた電気二重層キャパシタでは、ショート不良率1.5%となった。これは、繊維層Aの叩解度がCSF0mlと低く、セパレータの引張強さが低くなったためである。
ここで、実施例6および比較例6、比較例7の電気二重層キャパシタを比較すると比較例6の内部抵抗が高くなっている。このことから、セパレータの厚さが150μmを超過すると、電気二重層キャパシタの内部抵抗が高くなることがわかる。
従来例2のセパレータは、繊維層Aおよび繊維層BのPET繊維の含有量が50質量%であり、セパレータを構成する繊維間の結合力が低い。このため、セパレータの引張強さと引裂強さが弱く、またセパレータの表面が毛羽立ち、繊維の脱落が多く、ショート不良率が高い結果となった。
実施例9と実施例11を比較した際、実施例11の方が漏れ電流、ショート不良率ともに良好である。実施例11は厚さが60μmで、実施例9よりも薄いが、密度が0.35g/cm3と高いことに起因すると考えられる。
従来例3のセパレータは、片側の繊維層がポリオレフィン製多孔質膜であるが、ポリオレフィン製多孔質膜はセルロース製セパレータと比較して空隙が少ないことから、実施例9乃至12よりも電気二重層キャパシタの内部抵抗が悪化した。
繊維層AのCSF値:一旦0ml(下限値)まで低下した後、更に叩解を進め、上昇に転じたCSF値10~600ml
繊維層BのCSF値:CSF700~0ml
Claims (6)
- 一対の分極性電極の間に介在し、電解質を含有した電解液を保持可能な蓄電デバイス用セパレータであって、
長網または短網抄紙された繊維層Aと、円網抄紙された繊維層Bとからなる二層構造を有し、
前記繊維層A及び繊維層Bは、叩解可能な再生セルロース繊維を70質量%以上含有し、前記二層構造全体の密度が0.25~0.65g/cm3、厚さが10~150μmであることを特徴とする蓄電デバイス用セパレータ。 - 一対の分極性電極の間に介在し、電解質を含有した電解液を保持可能な蓄電デバイス用セパレータであって、
長網または短網抄紙された繊維層Aと、円網抄紙された繊維層Bとからなる二層構造を有し、
前記繊維層A及び繊維層Bは、叩解可能な再生セルロース繊維を70質量%以上含有し、前記二層構造全体の密度が0.35~0.55g/cm3、厚さが20~60μmであることを特徴とする蓄電デバイス用セパレータ。 - 前記繊維層Aは、
CSF値:一旦0ml(下限値)まで低下した後、更に叩解を進め、上昇に転じたCSF値10~600mlの再生セルロース繊維を抄紙し、
前記繊維層Bは、
CSF値:CSF700~0mlまで叩解した再生セルロース繊維を抄紙することを特徴とする請求項1または請求項2記載の蓄電デバイス用セパレータ。 - 前記再生セルロース繊維が、溶剤紡糸レーヨン繊維またはビスコース再生セルロース繊維から選択されることを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項3のいずれかに記載の蓄電デバイス用セパレータ。
- 請求項1乃至請求項4のいずれかに記載の蓄電デバイス用セパレータを用いたことを特徴とする蓄電デバイス。
- 電気二重層キャパシタまたはリチウムイオンキャパシタであることを特徴とする請求項5記載の蓄電デバイス。
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| KR1020167036402A KR20170031666A (ko) | 2014-07-18 | 2015-07-15 | 축전 디바이스용 세퍼레이터 및 상기 세퍼레이터를 이용한 축전 디바이스 |
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| CN110521022A (zh) * | 2017-04-19 | 2019-11-29 | 日本高度纸工业株式会社 | 电化学元件用分隔件和电化学元件 |
| JPWO2021241420A1 (ja) * | 2020-05-26 | 2021-12-02 |
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| JP6412805B2 (ja) * | 2015-01-16 | 2018-10-24 | ニッポン高度紙工業株式会社 | セパレータ及びアルミニウム電解コンデンサ |
| KR102605452B1 (ko) * | 2016-06-27 | 2023-11-24 | 닛폰 고도시 코포레이션 | 전기 화학 소자용 세퍼레이터 및 전기 화학 소자, 자동차, 전자 기기 |
| JP6989414B2 (ja) * | 2018-02-27 | 2022-01-05 | ニッポン高度紙工業株式会社 | 電気化学素子用セパレータ及び電気化学素子 |
| JP2020107682A (ja) | 2018-12-26 | 2020-07-09 | ニッポン高度紙工業株式会社 | アルミニウム電解コンデンサ用セパレータおよびアルミニウム電解コンデンサ |
| JP7308634B2 (ja) * | 2019-03-22 | 2023-07-14 | ニッポン高度紙工業株式会社 | アルカリ電池用セパレータ及びアルカリ電池 |
| CN111254745A (zh) * | 2019-12-11 | 2020-06-09 | 浙江同创新材料科技有限公司 | 一种超级电容器纸及其制备方法与应用 |
| CN111733624B (zh) * | 2020-06-18 | 2022-09-13 | 株洲时代新材料科技股份有限公司 | 一种高耐压低阻抗铝电解电容器纸及其制备方法 |
| JP7554590B2 (ja) * | 2020-07-01 | 2024-09-20 | ニッポン高度紙工業株式会社 | アルミニウム電解コンデンサ用セパレータ及びアルミニウム電解コンデンサ |
| CN116289335B (zh) * | 2022-12-12 | 2024-04-02 | 株洲时代华先材料科技有限公司 | 一种电解电容器纸及其制备方法 |
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| US20170133165A1 (en) | 2017-05-11 |
| EP3171379B1 (en) | 2025-02-19 |
| EP3171379A1 (en) | 2017-05-24 |
| JP2016025211A (ja) | 2016-02-08 |
| KR20170031666A (ko) | 2017-03-21 |
| CN106537537B (zh) | 2018-12-04 |
| EP3171379A4 (en) | 2018-01-03 |
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