WO2016011956A1 - Combination therapy - Google Patents
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- WO2016011956A1 WO2016011956A1 PCT/CN2015/084886 CN2015084886W WO2016011956A1 WO 2016011956 A1 WO2016011956 A1 WO 2016011956A1 CN 2015084886 W CN2015084886 W CN 2015084886W WO 2016011956 A1 WO2016011956 A1 WO 2016011956A1
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- cancer
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- cetuximab
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/53—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with three nitrogens as the only ring hetero atoms, e.g. chlorazanil, melamine
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
- A61K31/4985—Pyrazines or piperazines ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K39/395—Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum
- A61K39/39533—Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum against materials from animals
- A61K39/3955—Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum against materials from animals against proteinaceous materials, e.g. enzymes, hormones, lymphokines
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
- C07D487/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D487/04—Ortho-condensed systems
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
- C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
- C07K16/28—Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
- C07K16/2863—Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against receptors for growth factors, growth regulators
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K2039/505—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies comprising antibodies
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2300/00—Mixtures or combinations of active ingredients, wherein at least one active ingredient is fully defined in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to pharmaceutical combinations, e.g. products, comprising a combination of (i) a MET inhibitor or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof and (ii) an EGFR (ErbB-1) inhibitor which is a monoclonal antibody, which are jointly active in the treatment of proliferative diseases, corresponding pharmaceutical formulations, uses, methods, processes, commercial packages and related embodiments.
- Multigenic diseases diseases with more than one target as cause
- cancer cancer or other proliferative diseases.
- multi-target drugs In order to combat such diseases, one approach is to use single multi-target drugs –however, here it is required that the targets causally involved into manifestation of a disease are all hit by the drug considered. On the other hand, multi-target drugs may lead to undesired side effects as they may also have impact on targets not involved in the disease manifestation.
- a different approach is to use a combination of drugs as multi-target drugs. In the best scenario, this may lead to a combined efficiency, e.g. synergy, thus even allowing a reduction of side effects caused by the single drugs when used alone.
- the components (combination partners) of such drugs may impact separate targets to create a combination effect, and thus may create a combination effect going beyond what is achievable with the single compounds and/or when considering their isolated effects, respectively, either in the same pathway or separate pathways, within an individual cell or in separate cells in separate tissues.
- one component may alter the ability of another to reach its target, e.g. by inhibiting of efflux pumps or the like.
- the combination partners may bind to separate sites of the same target.
- the proto-oncogen cMET encodes the protein Hepatocyte Growth Factor Receptor (HGFR) which has tyrosine kinase activity and is essential for embryonic development and wound healing.
- HGFR Hepatocyte Growth Factor Receptor
- HGF Hepatocyte Growth Factor
- MET Upon Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) stimulation, MET induces several biological responses, leading to invasive growth.
- Abnormal MET activation triggers tumor growth, formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) and metastasis, in various types of malignancies, including cancers of the kidney, liver, stomach, breast and brain.
- c-MET dysregulated c-Met pathway plays important and sometimes causative (in the case of genetic alterations) roles in tumor formation, growth, maintenance and progression (Birchmeier, C. et al., Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell. Biol. 2003, 4 (12) : 915-925; Boccaccio, C. et al., Nat. Rev. Cancer 2006, 6 (8) : 637-645; Christensen, J.G. et al., Cancer Lett. 2005, 225 (1) : 1-26) . HGF and/or c-Met are overexpressed in significant portions of most human cancers, and are often associated with poor clinical outcomes such as more aggressive disease, disease progression, tumor metastasis and shortened patient survival.
- c-Met receptor can also be activated in cancer patients through genetic mutations (both germline and somatic) and gene amplification. Although gene amplification and mutations are the most common genetic alterations that have been reported in patients, the receptor can also be activated by deletions, truncations, gene rearrangement.
- carcino-mas e.g., bladder, breast, cervical, cholangiocarcinoma, colorectal, esophageal, gastric, head and neck, kidney, liver, lung, nasopharygeal, ovarian, pancreas, prostate, thyroid
- musculoske-letal sarcomas e.g., osteosarcaoma, synovial sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma
- soft tissue sarco-mas e.g., MFH/fibrosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, Kaposi’s sarcoma
- hematopoietic malignancies e.g., multiple myeloma, lymphomas, adult T cell leukemia, acute myelogenous leukemia, chro-nic myeloid leukemia
- other neoplasm e.g., multiple myeloma, lymphomas, adult T cell leukemia,
- MET c-met and activated c-met mutations
- agents include anti-HGF and anti-c-Met antibodies, HGF peptide antagonists, decoy c-Met receptor, c-Met peptide antagonists, dominant negative c-Met mutations, c-Met specific antisense oligonucleotides and ribozymes, and selective small molecule c-Met kinase inhibitors (Christensen, J.G. et al., Cancer Lett. 2005, 225(1) : 1-26) .
- abnormal HGF/MET signaling is also impli-cated in atherosclerosis, lung fibrosis, renal fibrosis and regeneration, liver diseases, allergic disorders, inflammatory and autoimmune disorders, cerebrovascular diseases, cardiovascular diseases, conditions associated with organ transplantation (Ma, H. et al., Atherosclerosis. 2002, 164(1) : 79-87; Crestani, B. et al., Lab. Invest. 2002, 82 (8) : 1015-1022; Sequra-Flores, A. A. et al., Rev. Gastroenterol. Mex. 2004, 69 (4) 243-250; Morishita, R. et al., Curr. Gene Ther.
- the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR, aka ErbB-1; HER1 in humans) , is a receptor for ligands of the epidermal growth factor family.
- EGFR Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor
- HER1 ErbB-1
- Several types of cancers are known to be dependent on EGFR over-activity or over-expression, such as lung cancer, anal cancers, glioblastoma multiforme and many other mainly epithelial cancers.
- RTKs receptor tyrosine kinases
- MET activation can compensate for loss of EGFR activity (by inhibition) by downstream activation of signal molecules such as HER3, such as MET amplification may compensate, or its ligand hepatocyte growth factor may activate MET (see Engelman, J. A., et al., Science, 316: 1039-1043, 2007; Yano, S., et al., Cancer Res, 68: 9479-9487, 2008; and Turke, A. B., et al., Cancer Cell, 17: 77-88, 2010) .
- MET-dependent cancer cell lines (the proliferation of which depends on the activity of MET) can be rescued from MET inhibitors by ligand-induced EGFR activation (see Bachleitner-Hofmann, T., et al., . Mol Cancer Ther, 7: 3499-3508, 2008) .
- WO2013/149581 discloses the combination of various cMET inhihitors with various EGFR inhibitors. It relates to pharmaceutical products comprising a combination of (i) a MET inhibitor and (ii) an EGFR inhibitor, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof, respectively, or a prodrug thereof, which are jointly active in the treatment of proliferative diseases, corresponding pharmaceutical formulations, uses, methods, processes, commercial packages and related embodiments.
- the present disclosure relates to a pharmaceutical combination comprising
- the present disclosure also relates to a pharmaceutical combination comprising
- the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor is cetuximab.
- the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor is panitumumab.
- the INC280 is in its dihydrochloric acid salt form.
- the INC280 is in the form of the dihydrochloride monohydrate salt.
- the MET tyrosine kinase inhibitor and the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor are simultaneously, separately or sequentialyl administered.
- the present disclosure also relates to a method of treating an EGFR tyrosine kinase activity and/or MET tyrosine kinase activity mediated disease, especially a cancer, comprising administering a pharmaceutical combination comprising
- the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor is cetuximab.
- the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor is panitumumab.
- the INC280 is in its dihydrochloric acid salt form.
- the INC280 is in the form of the dihydrochloride monohydrate salt.
- the MET tyrosine kinase inhibitor and the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor are simultaneously, separately or sequentially administered.
- the cancer is selected from the group consisting of carcinomas (e.g., bladder, breast, cervical, cholangiocarcinoma, colorectal, esophageal, gastric, head and neck, kidney, liver, lung, nasopharygeal, ovarian, pancreas, prostate, thyroid) ; musculoskeletal sarcomas (e.g., osteosarcaoma, synovial sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma) ; soft tissue sarcomas (e.g., MFH/fibrosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, Kaposi’s sarcoma) ; hematopoietic malignancies (e.g., multiple myeloma, lymphomas, adult T cell leukemia, acute myelogenous leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia) ; and other neoplasms (e.g., glioblasto
- the cancer is non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) .
- NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer
- the cancer is metastatic non-small cell lung cancer.
- the cancer is colorectal cancer (CRC) .
- the cancer is metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) .
- the cancer is head and neck cancer.
- the cancer is metastatic head and neck cancer.
- the cancer is head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) .
- HNSCC head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
- Figure 1 illustrates that HGF rescued the anti-proliferation effect of Cetuximab in HNSCC cancer cell lines.
- FIG. 2 illustrates that Cetuximab and INC280 were synergistic in the presence of HGF in HNSCC cancer cell lines.
- Figure 3 illustrates that HGF rescued the anti-proliferation effect of Cetuximab in a CRC cancer cell line.
- Figure 4 illustrates that Cetuximab and INC280 were synergistic in the presence of HGF in a CRC cancer cell line.
- Figure 5 illustrates how the phase Ib dose escalation part of the study will be conducted in adult c-MET positive and K/NRAS WT mCRC and c-MET positive HNSCC patients.
- Figure 6 illustrates that HGF rescued the anti-proliferation effect of Panitumumab in HNSCC cancer cell lines.
- Figure 7 illustrates that HGF rescued the anti-proliferation effect of Panitumumab in a CRC cancer cell line.
- FIG 8 illustrates that Panitumumab and INC280 were synergistic in the presence of HGF in various cancer cell lines.
- the present disclosure relates to a pharmaceutical combination (e.g. combination product) comprising (i) a MET inhibitor which is INC280 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and (ii) an EGFR inhibitor which is a monoclonal antibody (e.g., cetuximab or panitumumab) and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
- a pharmaceutical combination e.g. combination product
- a MET inhibitor which is INC280 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt
- an EGFR inhibitor which is a monoclonal antibody (e.g., cetuximab or panitumumab) and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
- the present disclosure also relates to a pharmaceutical combination (e.g. combination product) comprising (i) a MET inhibitor which is INC280 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and (ii) an EGFR inhibitor which is a monoclonal antibody (e.g., cetuximab or panitumumab) .
- a pharmaceutical combination e.g. combination product
- a MET inhibitor which is INC280 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt
- an EGFR inhibitor which is a monoclonal antibody (e.g., cetuximab or panitumumab) .
- INC280 2-fluoro-N-methyl-4- [ (7-quinolin-6-yl-methyl) -imidazo [1, 2-b] triazin-2-yl] benzamide which has the formula
- INC280 is disclosed in WO 2008/064157, Example 7.
- Non-limiting examples of salt forms of INC280 are dihydrochloric acid form and dibenzenesulfonic acid salts.
- INC280 can be in the form of the dihydrochloride monohydrate salt (also described in U.S. Patent No. 8,420,645) .
- INC280 is also known by its INN which is capmatinib.
- a further embodiment of this disclosure provides a combination (e.g. combination product) comprising a quantity which is jointly therapeutically effective against an EGFR tyrosine kinase activity and/or MET tyrosine kinase activity mediated disease, especially a cancer, comprising the combination partners (i) EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor which is a monoclonal antibody (e.g., cetuximab or panitumumab) and (ii) MET tyrosine kinase inhibitor which is INC280 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and optionaly at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier material.
- a combination e.g. combination product
- a combination comprising a quantity which is jointly therapeutically effective against an EGFR tyrosine kinase activity and/or MET tyrosine kinase activity mediated disease, especially a cancer
- the combination partners i) EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor which
- a further embodiment relates to the use of the inventive combination (e.g. combination product) for treating an EGFR tyrosine kinase activity and/or MET tyrosine kinase activity mediated disease, especially a cancer.
- inventive combination e.g. combination product
- a further embodiment relates to the use of a combination of (i) an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor which is a monoclonal antibody (e.g., cetuximab or panitumumab) and (ii) a MET tyrosine kinase inhibitor which is INC280 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the manufacture of a medicament or a pharmaceutical product for treating an EGFR tyrosine kinase activity and/or MET tyrosine kinase activity mediated disease, especially a cancer.
- an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor which is a monoclonal antibody (e.g., cetuximab or panitumumab)
- a MET tyrosine kinase inhibitor which is INC280 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof
- an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor which is a monoclonal antibody (e.g., cetuximab or panitumumab) and (ii) a MET tyrosine kinase inhibitor which is INC280 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in treating an EGFR tyrosine kinase activity and/or MET tyrosine kinase activity mediated disease, especially a cancer.
- an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor which is a monoclonal antibody (e.g., cetuximab or panitumumab)
- a MET tyrosine kinase inhibitor which is INC280 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof
- a further embodiment relates to a method of treating an EGFR tyrosine kinase activity and/or MET tyrosine kinase activity mediated disease, especially a cancer, with a combination of (i) an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor which is a monoclonal antibody (e.g., cetuximab or panitumumab) and (ii) a MET tyrosine kinase inhibitor which is INC280 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
- an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor which is a monoclonal antibody (e.g., cetuximab or panitumumab)
- a MET tyrosine kinase inhibitor which is INC280 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
- a further embodiment relates to a method for the treatment of an EGFR tyrosine kinase activity and/or MET tyrosine kinase activity mediated disease, especially a cancer, said method comprising administering an effective amount of a combination of or a combination product comprising (i) an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor which is a monoclonal antibody (e.g., cetuximab or panitumumab) and (ii) a MET tyrosine kinase inhibitor which is INC280 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to a subject in need thereof, such as a warm-blooded animal, in particular a human.
- an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor which is a monoclonal antibody (e.g., cetuximab or panitumumab)
- a MET tyrosine kinase inhibitor which is INC280 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof
- Yet a further embodiment of present disclosure relates to a pharmaceutical product or a commercial package comprising a combination product according to the disclosure described herein, in particular together with instructions for simultaneous, separate or sequential use (especially for being jointly active) thereof in the treatment of an EGFR tyrosine kinase activity and/or MET tyrosine kinase activity mediated disease, especially a cancer, in particular for use in the treatment of an EGFR tyrosine kinase activity and/or MET tyrosine kinase activity mediated disease, especially a cancer.
- a further embodiment of present disclosure relates to the use of (i) an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor which is a monoclonal antibody (e.g., cetuximab or panitumumab) and (ii) a MET tyrosine kinase inhibitor which is INC280 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the preparation of a combination (e.g. a combination product) according to present disclosure.
- a combination e.g. a combination product
- Non-limiting examples of the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor which is a monoclonal antibody includes cetuximab and panitumumab.
- Cetuximab (trademname: Erbitux) is an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor used for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer, metastatic non-small cell lung cancer and head and neck cancer. Cetuximab is a chimeric (mouse/human) monoclonal antibody given by intravenous infusion that is manufactured and distributed in the United States by the drug companies Bristol-Myers Squibb and Eli Lilly and Company and in Europe by the drug company Merck KGaA.
- EGFR epidermal growth factor receptor
- Panitumumab (formerly known as ABX-EGF) , is a fully human monoclonal antibody specific to the epidermal growth factor receptor (also known as EGF receptor, EGFR, ErbB-1 and HER1 in humans) . Panitumumab is manufactured by Amgen and marketed as Vectibix.
- the cancer that is treated may be selected from the group consisting of carcinomas (e.g., bladder, breast, cervical, cholangiocarcinoma, colorectal, esophageal, gastric, head and neck, kidney, liver, lung, nasopharygeal, ovarian, pancreas, prostate, thyroid) ; musculoskeletal sarcomas (e.g., osteosarcaoma, synovial sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma) ; soft tissue sarcomas (e.g., MFH/fibrosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, Kaposi’s sarcoma) ; hematopoietic malignancies (e.g., multiple myeloma, lymphomas, adult T cell leukemia, acute myelogenous leukemia, chro-nic myeloid leukemia) ; and other neoplasms (e.g., glioblast
- the cancer may be non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) .
- NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer
- the cancer may be metastatic non-small cell lung cancer.
- the cancer may be colorectal cancer (CRC) .
- the cancer may be is metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) .
- mCRC metastatic colorectal cancer
- the cancer may be head and neck cancer.
- the cancer may be metastatic head and neck cancer.
- the cancer may be head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) .
- HNSCC head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
- the combination of the disclosure may be particularly suitable mCRC and HNSCC patients whose tumors have become resistant to anti-EGFR treatment through activation of the MET receptor.
- Compounds useful according to the disclosure can also include all isotopes of atoms oc-curring in the intermediates or final compounds.
- Isotopes include those atoms having the same atomic number but different mass numbers.
- isotopes that can be incorporated into compounds of the disclosure include isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phospho-rous, fluorine, and chlorine, such as 2 H, 3 H, 11 C, 13 C, 14 C, 15 N, 18 F 31 P, 32 P, 35 S, 36 Cl, 125 I respec-tively.
- Various isotopically labeled compounds of the present disclosure for example those into which radioactive isotopes such as 3 H, 13 C, and 14 C are incorporated.
- Such isotopically labelled compounds are useful in metabolic studies (preferably with 14 C) , reaction kinetic studies (with, for example 2 H or 3 H) , detection or imaging techniques [such as positron emission tomography (PET) or single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) including drug or substrate ti-ssue distribution assays, or in radioactive treatment of patients.
- detection or imaging techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET) or single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) including drug or substrate ti-ssue distribution assays, or in radioactive treatment of patients.
- an 18 F or labeled compound may be particularly preferred for PET or SPECT studies.
- substitution with heavier isotopes such as deuterium (i.e., 2 H) may afford certain therapeutic advantages resulting from greater metabolic stability, for example increased in vivo half-life or reduced dosage requirements.
- Isotopically labeled compounds of this disclosure can generally be prepared by carrying out the procedures disclosed in the schemes or in the examples and pre-parations described below by substituting a. readily available isotopically labeled reagent for a non-isotopically labeled reagent.
- isotopic enrichment factor means the ratio between the isotopic abundance and the natural abundance of a specified isotope.
- a substituent in a compound of this disclosure is denoted deuterium, such compound has an isotopic enrichment factor for each designated deuterium atom of at least 3500 (52.5%deuterium incorporation at each designated deuterium atom) , at least 4000 (60%deuterium incorporation) , at least 4500 (67.5%deuterium incorporation) , at least 5000 (75%deuterium incorporation) , at least 5500 (82.5%deuterium incorporation) , at least 6000 (90%deuterium incorporation) , at least 6333.3 (95%deuterium incorporation) , at least 6466.7 (97%deuterium incorporation) , at least 6600 (99%deuterium incorporation) , or at least 6633.3 (99.5%deuterium incorporation) .
- any atom not specifically designated as a particular isotope is meant to represent any stable isotope of that atom.
- a position is designated specifically as “H” or “hydrogen”
- the position is understood to have hydrogen at its natural abundance isotopic composition.
- any atom specifically designated as a deuterium (D) is meant to represent deuterium, for example in the ranges given above.
- Isotopically-labeled MET and/or EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor compounds forming part of a combination product according to the disclosure can generally be prepared by conventional techniques known to those skilled in the art or by processes analogous to those described in the accompanying Examples and Preparations using an appropriate isotopically-labeled reagents in place of the non-labeled reagent previously employed.
- the present disclosure embodiments also include pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds useful according to the disclosure described herein.
- pharmaceutically acceptable salts refers to derivatives of the disclosed compounds wherein the parent compound is modified by converting an existing acid or base moiety to its salt form.
- examples of pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, but are not limited to, mineral or organic acid salts of basic residues such as amines; alkali or organic salts of acidic residues such as carboxylic acids; and the like.
- the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the present disclosure include the conventional non-toxic salts of the parent compound formed, for example, from non-toxic inorganic or organic acids.
- the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the present disclosure can be synthesized from the parent compound which contains a basic or acidic moiety by conventional chemical methods.
- such salts can be prepared by reacting the free acid or base forms of these compounds with a stoichiometric amount of the appropriate base or acid in water or in an organic solvent, or in a mixture of the two; generally, nonaqueous media like ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol, isopropanol, or acetonitrile are preferred.
- Lists of suitable salts are found in Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences, 17 th ed., Mack Publishing Company, Easton, Pa., 1985, p. 1418 and Journal of Pharmaceutical Science, 66, 2 (1977) , each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
- a preferred salt of INC280 is the hydrochloric acid salt, specially the dihydrochloric acid salt form.
- phrases “pharmaceutically acceptable” is employed herein to refer to those compounds, materials, compositions, and/or dosage forms which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of human beings and animals without excessive toxicity, irritation, allergic response, or other problem or complication, commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio.
- the compounds useful according to the disclosure can also be present as tautomers, N-oxides or solvates, e.g. hydrates. All these variants, as well as any single one thereof or combination of two or more to less than all such variants, are encompassed and to be read herein where a compound included in the inventive combination products, e.g. an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor and/or a MET tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is mentioned.
- a compound included in the inventive combination products e.g. an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor and/or a MET tyrosine kinase inhibitor
- the present disclosure relates to a pharmaceutical combination, especially a pharmaceutical combination product, comprising the mentioned combination partners and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
- Combination refers to formulations of the separate partners with or without instructions for combined use or to combination products.
- the combination partners may thus be entirely separate pharmaceutical dosage forms or pharmaceutical compositions that are also sold independently of each other and where just instructions for their combined use are provided in the package equipment, e.g. leaflet or the like, or in other information e.g. provided to physicians and medical staff (e.g. oral communications, communications in writing or the like) , for simultaneous or sequential use for being jointly active, especially as defined below.
- a further combination partner e.g. an other drug as explained below, also referred to as “co-agent”
- co-administra-tion or “combined administration” or the like as utilized herein are meant to encompass administration of the selected combination partner to a single subject in need thereof (e.g. a patient) , and are intended to include treatment regimens in which the agents are not necessarily administered by the same route of administration and/or at the same time.
- combination product as used herein thus means a pharmaceutical product that results from the mixing or combining of more than one active ingredient and includes both fixed and non-fixed combinations of the active ingredients (which may also be combined) .
- fixed combination means that the active ingredients, e.g. an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor and MET tyrosine kinase inhibitor, are both administered to a patient simultaneously in the form of a single entity or dosage.
- the active ingredients are present in one dosage form, e.g. in one tablet or in one capsule.
- non-fixed combination means that the active ingredients are both administered to a patient as separate entities either simultaneously, concurrently or sequentially with no specific time limits, wherein such administration provides therapeutically effective levels of the two compounds in the body of the patient.
- cocktail therapy e.g. the administration of three or more active ingredients.
- non-fixed combination thus defines especially a “kit of parts” in the sense that the combination partners (i) EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor and (ii) MET tyrosine kinase inhibitor (and if present further one or more co-agents) as defined herein can be dosed independently of each other or by use of different fixed combinations with distinguished amounts of the combination partners, i.e.
- the combination partners may also be used as entirely separate pharmaceutical dosage forms or pharmaceutical formulations that are also sold independently of each other and just instructions of the possibility of their combined use is or are provided in the package equipment, e.g. leaflet or the like, or in other information e.g. provided to physicians and medical staff.
- the independent formulations or the parts of the kit of parts can then, e.g. be administered simultaneously or chronologically staggered, that is at different time points and with equal or different time intervals for any part of the kit of parts.
- the time intervals are chosen such that the effect on the treated disease in the combined use of the parts is larger than the effect which would be obtained by use of only any one of the combination partners (i) and (ii) , thus being jointly active.
- the ratio of the total amounts of the combination partner (i) to the combination partner (ii) to be administered in the combined preparation can be varied, e.g. in order to cope with the needs of a patient sub-population to be treated or the needs of the single patient which different needs can be due to age, sex, body weight, etc. of the patients.
- the disclosure also relates to (i) a MET inhibitor which is INC280 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and (ii) an EGFR inhibitor which is a monoclonal antibody, for combined use in a method of treating an EGFR tyrosine kinase activity and/or MET tyrosine kinase activity mediated disease, especially a cancer.
- the combination partners (i) and (ii) in any embodiment are preferably formulated or used to be jointly (prophylactically or especially therapeutically) active.
- jointly (therapeutically) active may mean that the compounds may be given separately or sequentially (in a chronically staggered manner, especially a sequence-specific manner) in such time intervals that they preferably, in the warm-blooded animal, especially human, to be treated, and still show a (preferably synergistic) interaction (joint therapeutic effect) .
- a joint therapeutic effect can, inter alia, be determined by following the blood levels, showing that both compounds are present in the blood of the human to be treated at least during certain time intervals, but this is not to exclude the case where the compounds are jointly active although they are not present in blood simultaneously.
- the present disclosure thus pertains to a combination product for simultaneous, separate or sequential use, such as a combined preparation or a pharmaceutical fixed combination, or a combination of such preparation and combination.
- the compounds useful according to the disclosure may be manufactured and/or formulated by the same or different manufacturers.
- the combination partners may be brought together into a combination therapy: (i) prior to release of the combination product to physicians (e.g. in the case of a kit comprising the compound of the disclosure and the other therapeutic agent) ; (ii) by the physician themselves (or under the guidance of a physician) shortly before administration; (iii) in the patient themselves, e.g. during sequential administration of the compound of the disclosure and the other therapeutic agent.
- any of the above methods involve further administering one or more other (e.g. third) co-agents, especially a chemotherapeutic agent.
- one or more other (e.g. third) co-agents especially a chemotherapeutic agent.
- the disclosure relates in a further embodiment to a combination product, particularly a pharmaceutical composition, comprising a therapeutically effective amount of (i) an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor which is a monoclonal antibody and (ii) a MET tyrosine kinase inhibitor which is INC280 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and at least one third therapeutically active agent (co-agent) , e.g. another compound (i) and/or (ii) or a different co-agent.
- the additional co-agent is preferably selected from the group consisting of an anti-cancer agent; an anti-inflammatory agent.
- the combination partners forming a corresponding product according to the disclosure may be mixed to form a fixed pharmaceutical composition or they may be administered separately or pairwise (i.e. before, simultaneously with or after the other drug substance (s)) .
- a combination product according to the disclosure can besides or in addition be administered especially for cancer therapy in combination with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, surgical intervention, or a combination of these.
- Long-term therapy is equally possible as is adjuvant therapy in the context of other treatment strategies, as described above.
- Other possible treatments are therapy to maintain the patient’s status after tumor regression, or even chemopreventive therapy, for example in patients at risk.
- Possible anti-cancer agents include, but are not limited to aromatase inhibitors; antiestrogens; topoisomerase I inhibitors; topoisomerase II inhibitors; microtubule active compounds; alkylating compounds; histone deacetylase inhibitors; compounds which induce cell differentiation processes; cyclooxygenase inhibitors; MMP inhibit-tors; mTOR inhibitors; antineoplastic antimetabolites; platin compounds; compounds targe-ting/decreasing a protein or lipid kinase activity; anti-angiogenic compounds; compounds which target, decrease or inhibit the activity of a protein or lipid phosphatase; gonadorelin agonists; anti-androgens; methionine aminopeptidase inhibitors; bisphosphonates; biological response modifiers; antiproliferative antibodies; heparanase inhibitors; inhibitors of Ras oncogenic isoforms; telomerase inhibitors; proteasome
- combination products according to the disclosure may be used in combination with other tumor treatment approaches, including surgery, ionizing radiation, photodynamic therapy, implants, e.g. with corticosteroids, hormones, or they may be used as radiosensitizers.
- aromatase inhibitor as used herein relates to a compound which inhibits the estrogen production, i.e. the conversion of the substrates androstenedione and testosterone to estrone and estradiol, respectively.
- the term includes, but is not limited to steroids, especially atamestane, exemestane and formestane and, in particular, non-steroids, especially aminoglutethimide, roglethimide, pyridoglutethimide, trilostane, testolactone, ketokonazole, vorozole, fadrozole, anastrozole and letrozole.
- antiestrogen as used herein relates to a compound which antagonizes the ef-fect of estrogens at the estrogen receptor level.
- the term includes, but is not limited to tamoxifen, fulvestrant, raloxifene and raloxifene hydrochloride.
- anti-androgen as used herein relates to any substance which is capable of in-hibiting the biological effects of androgenic hormones and includes, but is not limited to, bicalutamide (CASODEX) , which can be formulated, e.g. as disclosed in US 4,636,505.
- CASODEX bicalutamide
- gonadorelin agonist as used herein includes, but is not limited to abarelix, go-serelin and goserelin acetate.
- topoisomerase I inhibitor as used herein includes, but is not limited to topotecan, gimatecan, irinotecan, camptothecian and its analogues, 9-nitrocamptothecin and the macromolecular camptothecin conjugate PNU-166148 (compound A1 in WO99/17804) .
- topoisomerase II inhibitor includes, but is not limited to the an-thracyclines such as doxorubicin (including liposomal formulation, e.g. CAELYX) , daunorubicin, epirubicin, idarubicin and nemorubicin, the anthraquinones mitoxantrone and losoxantrone, and the podophillotoxines etoposide and teniposide.
- an-thracyclines such as doxorubicin (including liposomal formulation, e.g. CAELYX) , daunorubicin, epirubicin, idarubicin and nemorubicin, the anthraquinones mitoxantrone and losoxantrone, and the podophillotoxines etoposide and teniposide.
- microtubule active compound relates to microtubule stabilizing, microtubule destabilizing compounds and microtublin polymerization inhibitors including, but not limited to taxanes, e.g. paclitaxel and docetaxel, vinca alkaloids, e.g., vinblastine, especially vinblastine sulfate, vincristine especially vincristine sulfate, and vinorelbine, discodermolides, cochicine and epothilones and derivatives thereof, e.g. epothilone B or D or derivatives thereof.
- taxanes e.g. paclitaxel and docetaxel
- vinca alkaloids e.g., vinblastine, especially vinblastine sulfate, vincristine especially vincristine sulfate, and vinorelbine
- discodermolides cochicine and epothilones and derivatives thereof, e.g. epothilone B or D or derivative
- alkylating compound includes, but is not limited to, cyclophos-phamide, ifosfamide, melphalan or nitrosourea (BCNU or Gliadel) .
- histone deacetylase inhibitors or “HDAC inhibitors” relates to compounds which inhibit the histone deacetylase and which possess antiproliferative activity. This includes compounds disclosed in WO 02/22577, especially N-hydroxy-3- [4- [ [ (2-hydroxyethyl) [2- (1 H-indol-3-yl) ethyl] -amino] methyl] phenyl] -2E-2-propenamide, N-hydroxy-3- [4- [ [ [2- (2-methyl-1H- indol-3-yl) -ethyl] -amino] methyl] phenyl] -2E-2-propenamide and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
- SAHA Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid
- HDAC histone deacetylase
- SAHA suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid
- HDAC inhibitors include MS275, SAHA, FK228 (formerly FR901228) , Trichostatin A and compounds disclosed in US 6,552,065, in particular, N-hydroxy-3- [4- [ [ [2- (2-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl) -ethyl] -amino] methyl] phenyl] -2E-2-propenamide, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and N-hydroxy-3- [4- [ (2-hydroxyethyl) ⁇ 2- (1H-indol-3-yl) ethyl] -amino] methyl] phenyl] -2E-2-propenamide, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, especially the lactate salt.
- antimetabolite includes, but is not limited to, 5-Fluorouracil or 5-FU, capecitabine, gemcitabine, DNA demethylating compounds, such as 5-azacytidine and decitabine, methotrexate and edatrexate, and folic acid antagonists such as pemetrexed.
- platinum compound as used herein includes, but is not limited to, carboplatin, cis-platin, cisplatinum and oxaliplatin.
- compounds targeting/decreasing a protein or lipid kinase activity includes, but is not limited to, c-Met tyrosine kinase and/or serine and/or threonine kinase inhibitors or lipid kinase inhibitors, e.g.,
- PDGFR platelet-derived growth fac-tor-receptors
- compounds targeting, decreasing or inhibiting the activity of the platelet-derived growth fac-tor-receptors such as compounds which target, decrease or inhibit the activity of PDGFR, especially compounds which inhibit the PDGF receptor, e.g. a N-phenyl-2-pyrimidine-amine derivative, e.g. imatinib, SU101, SU6668 and GFB-111;
- IGF-IR insulin-like growth factor re-ceptor I
- compounds which target, decrease or inhibit the activity of IGF-IR especially compounds which inhibit the kinase activity of IGF-I receptor, such as those com-pounds disclosed in WO 02/092599, or antibodies that target the extracellular domain of IGF-I receptor or its growth factors;
- Kit/SCFR receptor tyrosine kinase e.g. imatinib
- UCN-01 safingol, BAY 43-9006, Bryostatin 1, Perifosine; Ilmofosine; RO 318220 and RO 320432; GO 6976; Isis 3521; LY333531/LY379196; isochinoline compounds such as those disclosed in WO 00/09495; FTIs; PD184352 or QAN697 (a P13K inhibitor) or AT7519 (CDK inhibitor) ;
- compounds targeting, decreasing or inhibiting the activity of protein-tyrosine kinase inhibitors include imatinib mesylate (GLEEVEC) or tyrphostin.
- a tyrphostin is preferably a low mole-cular weight (Mr ⁇ 1500) compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, especially a compound selected from the benzylidenemalonitrile class or the S-arylbenzenemalonirile or bi-substrate quinoline class of compounds, more especially any compound selected from the group consisting of Tyrphostin A23/RG-50810; AG 99; Tyrphostin AG 213; Tyrphostin AG 1748; Tyrphostin AG 490; Tyrphostin B44; Tyrphostin B44 (+) enantiomer; Tyrphostin AG 555; AG 494; Tyrphostin AG 556, AG957 and adaphostin (4- ⁇ [ (2, 5-dihydroxyphenyl) methyl] amino ⁇ -ben-zoic acid adamantyl ester; NSC 680410, adaphostin) ;
- k) compounds targeting, decreasing or inhibiting the activity of the epidermal growth factor family of receptor tyrosine kinases (EGFR, ErbB2, ErbB3, ErbB4 as homo-or heterodimers) and their mutants, such as compounds which target, decrease or inhibit the activity of the epidermal growth factor receptor family are especially compounds, proteins or antibodies which inhibit members of the EGF receptor tyrosine kinase family, e.g. EGF receptor, ErbB2, ErbB3 and ErbB4 or bind to EGF or EGF related ligands, and are in particular those compounds, proteins or monoclonal antibodies generically and specifically disclosed in WO 97/02266, e.g. the com-pound of ex.
- trastuzumab Herceptin TM
- cetuximab cetuximab
- Iressa Tarceva
- OSI-774 CI-1033
- EKB-569 GW-2016, E1.1, E2.4, E2.5, E6.2, E6.4, E2.11, E6.3 or E7.6.3, and 7H-pyrrolo- [2, 3-d] pyrimidine derivatives which are disclosed in WO 03/013541; and
- l) compounds targeting, decreasing or inhibiting the activity of the c-Met receptor such as com-pounds which target, decrease or inhibit the activity of c-Met, especially compounds which inhibit the kinase activity of c-Met receptor, or antibodies that target the extracellular domain of c-Met or bind to HGF;
- anti-angiogenic compounds include compounds having another mechanism for their activity, e.g. unrelated to protein or lipid kinase inhibition e.g. thalidomide (THALOMID) and TNP-470.
- TAALOMID thalidomide
- TNP-470 TNP-470.
- Compounds which target, decrease or inhibit the activity of a protein or lipid phosphatase includes, but is not limited to inhibitors of phosphatase 1, phosphatase 2A, or CDC25, e.g. okadaic acid or a derivative thereof.
- Compounds which induce cell differentiation processes includes, but is not limited to e.g. retinoic acid, ⁇ - ⁇ -or ⁇ -tocopherol or ⁇ - ⁇ -or ⁇ -tocotrienol.
- cyclooxygenase inhibitor includes, but is not limited to, e.g. Cox-2 inhibitors, 5-alkyl substituted 2-arylaminophenylacetic acid and derivatives, such as celecoxib (CELEBREX) , rofecoxib (VIOXX) , etoricoxib, valdecoxib or a 5-alkyl-2-arylaminophenylacetic acid, e.g.
- bisphosphonates as used herein includes, but is not limited to, etridonic, clodronic, tiludronic, pamidronic, alendronic, ibandronic, risedronic and zoledronic acid.
- mTOR inhibitors relates to compounds which inhibit the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and which possess antiproliferative activity such as sirolimus everolimus (Certican TM ) , CCI-779 and ABT578.
- heparanase inhibitor refers to compounds which target, decrease or inhibit heparin sulfate degradation.
- the term includes, but is not limited to, PI-88.
- biological response modifier refers to a lymphokine or interferons, e.g. interferon ⁇ .
- inhibitor of Ras oncogenic isoforms e.g. H-Ras, K-Ras, or N-Ras, as used herein refers to compounds which target, decrease or inhibit the oncogenic activity of Ras e.g. a “farnesyl transferase inhibitor” e.g. L-744832, DK8G557 or R115777 (Zarnestra) .
- telomerase inhibitor refers to compounds which target, decrease or inhibit the activity of telomerase.
- Compounds which target, decrease or inhibit the activity of telomerase are especially compounds which inhibit the telomerase receptor, e.g. telomestatin.
- methionine aminopeptidase inhibitor refers to compounds which target, decrease or inhibit the activity of methionine aminopeptidase.
- Compounds which target, decrease or inhibit the activity of methionine aminopeptidase are e.g. bengamide or a derivative thereof.
- proteasome inhibitor refers to compounds which target, decrease or inhibit the activity of the proteasome.
- Compounds which target, decrease or inhibit the activity of the proteasome include e.g. Bortezomid (Velcade TM ) and MLN 341.
- matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor or ( “MMP” inhibitor) as used herein includes, but is not limited to, collagen peptidomimetic and nonpeptidomimetic inhibitors, tetracycline derivatives, e.g. hydroxamate peptidomimetic inhibitor batimastat and its orally bioavailable analogue marimastat (BB-2516) , prinomastat (AG3340) , metastat (NSC 683551) BMS-279251, BAY 12-9566, TAA211, MMI270B or AAJ996.
- MMP matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor
- FMS-like tyrosine kinase inhibitors e.g. compounds targeting, decreasing or inhibiting the activity of FMS-like tyrosine kinase receptors (Flt-3R) ; interferon, 1-b-D-arabinofuransylcytosine (ara-c) and bisulfan; and ALK inhibitors e.g. compounds which target, decrease or inhibit anaplastic lymphoma kinase.
- FMS-like tyrosine kinase receptors are especially compounds, proteins or antibodies which inhibit members of the Flt-3R receptor kinase family, e.g. PKC412, midostaurin, a staurosporine derivative, SU11248 and MLN518.
- HSP90 inhibitors includes, but is not limited to, compounds targeting, decreasing or inhibiting the intrinsic ATPase activity of HSP90; degrading, targeting, decreasing or inhibiting the HSP90 client proteins via the ubiquitin proteosome pathway.
- Compounds targeting, decreasing or inhibiting the intrinsic ATPase activity of HSP90 are especially compounds, proteins or antibodies which inhibit the ATPase activity of HSP90 e.g., 17-allylamino, 17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17AAG, 17-DMAG) , a geldanamycin derivative; other geldanamycin related compounds; radicicol and HDAC inhibitors; IPI-504, CNF1010, CNF2024, CNF1010 from Conforma Therapeutics; temozolomide, AUY922 from Novartis.
- antiproliferative antibodies includes, but is not limited to erbitux, bevacizumab, rituximab, PRO64553 (anti-CD40) and 2C4 Antibody.
- antibodies is meant e.g. intact monoclonal antibodies, polyclonal antibodies, multispecific antibodies formed from at least 2 intact antibodies, and antibodies fragments so long as they exhibit the desired biological activity.
- antigenemic compounds includes, for example, Ara-C, a pyrimidine analog, which is the 2′-alpha-hydroxy ribose (arabinoside) derivative of deoxycytidine. Also included is the purine analog of hypoxanthine, 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) and fludarabine phosphate.
- Ara-C Ara-C
- pyrimidine analog which is the 2′-alpha-hydroxy ribose (arabinoside) derivative of deoxycytidine.
- purine analog of hypoxanthine 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP)
- 6-MP 6-mercaptopurine
- fludarabine phosphate fludarabine phosphate.
- compounds of formula (I) can be used in combination with standard leukemia therapies, especially in combination with therapies used for the treatment of AML.
- compounds of formula (I) can be administered in combination with, e.g., farnesyl transferase inhibitors and/or other drugs useful for the treatment of AML, such as Daunorubicin, Adriamycin, Ara-C, VP-16, Teniposide, Mitoxantrone, Idarubicin, Carboplatinum and PKC412.
- drugs useful for the treatment of AML such as Daunorubicin, Adriamycin, Ara-C, VP-16, Teniposide, Mitoxantrone, Idarubicin, Carboplatinum and PKC412.
- “Somatostatin receptor antagonists” as used herein refers to compounds which target, treat or inhibit the somatostatin receptor such as octreotide, and SOM230.
- Tumor cell damaging approaches refer to approaches such as ionizing radiation.
- ionizing radiation means ionizing radiation that occurs as either electromagnetic rays (such as X-rays and gamma rays) or particles (such as alpha and beta particles) . Ionizing radiation is provided in, but not limited to, radiation therapy and is known in the art. See Hellman, Principles of Radiation Therapy, Cancer, in Principles and Practice of Oncology, Devita et al., Eds., 4 th Edition, Vol. 1, pp. 248-275 (1993) .
- EDG binders refers a class of immunosuppressants that modulates lymphocyte recirculation, such as FTY720.
- kinesin spindle protein inhibitors is known in the field and includes SB715992 or SB743921 from GlaxoSmithKline, pentamidine/chlorpromazine from CombinatoRx.
- MEK inhibitors is known in the field and includes ARRY142886 from Array PioPharma, AZD6244 from AstraZeneca, PD181461 from Pfizer, leucovorin.
- ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors includes, but is not limited to to pyrimidine or purine nucleoside analogs including, but not limited to, fludarabine and/or cytosine arabinoside (ara-C) , 6-thioguanine, 5-fluorouracil, cladribine, 6-mercaptopurine (especially in combination with ara-C against ALL) and/or pentostatin.
- ara-C cytosine arabinoside
- 6-thioguanine 5-fluorouracil
- cladribine 6-mercaptopurine (especially in combination with ara-C against ALL) and/or pentostatin.
- Ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors are especially hydroxyurea or 2-hydroxy-1H-isoindole-1, 3-dione derivatives, such as PL-1, PL-2, PL-3, PL-4, PL-5, PL-6, PL-7 or PL-8 mentioned in Nandy et al., Acta Oncologica, Vol. 33, No. 8, pp. 953-961 (1994) .
- S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase inhibitors includes, but is not limited to the compounds disclosed in US 5,461,076.
- VEGF /VEGFR disclosed in WO 98/35958, e.g. 1- (4-chloroanilino) -4- (4-pyridylmethyl) phthalazine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, e.g. the succinate, or in WO 00/09495, WO 00/27820, WO 00/59509, WO 98/11223, WO 00/27819 and EP 0 769 947; those as described by Prewett et al, Cancer Res, Vol. 59, pp. 5209-5218 (1999) ; Yuan et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, Vol.
- anthranilic acid amides ZD4190; ZD6474; SU5416; SU6668; bevacizumab; or anti-VEGF antibodies or anti-VEGF receptor antibodies, e.g. rhuMAb and RHUFab, VEGF aptamer e.g. Macugon; FLT-4 inhibitors, FLT-3 inhibitors, VEGFR-2 IgG1 antibody, Angiozyme (RPI 4610) and Bevacizumab.
- Photodynamic therapy refers to therapy which uses certain chemicals known as photosensitizing compounds to treat or prevent cancers.
- Examples of photodynamic therapy includes treatment with compounds, such as e.g. VISUDYNE and porfimer sodium.
- Angiostatic steroids refers to compounds which block or inhibit angiogenesis, such as, e.g., anecortave, triamcinolone. hydrocortisone, 11- ⁇ -epihydrocotisol, cortexolone, 17 ⁇ -hydroxyprogesterone, corticosterone, desoxycorticosterone, testosterone, estrone and dexamethasone.
- Corticosteroids as used herein includes, but is not limited to compounds, such as e.g. fluocinolone, dexamethasone; in particular in the form of implants.
- chemotherapeutic compounds include, but are not limited to, plant alkaloids, hor-monal compounds and antagonists; biological response modifiers, preferably lymphokines or interferons; antisense oligonucleotides or oligonucleotide derivatives; shRNA or siRNA; or miscellaneous compounds or compounds with other or unknown mechanism of action.
- a combination product according to the disclosure may also be used in combination with or comprise one or more further drug substances selected from the group of anti-inflammatory drug substances; antihistamine drug substances; bronchodilatatory drug substances, NSAID; antagonists of chemokine receptors.
- Suitable anti-inflammatory drugs include steroids, in particular glucocorticosteroids such as budesonide, beclamethasone dipropionate, fluticasone propionate, ciclesonide or mometasone furoate, or steroids described in WO 02/88167, WO 02/12266, WO 02/100879, WO 02/00679 (especially those of Examples 3, 11, 14, 17, 19, 26, 34, 37, 39, 51, 60, 67, 72, 73, 90, 99 and 101) , WO 03/035668, WO 03/048181, WO 03/062259, WO 03/064445, WO 03/072592, non-steroidal glucocorticoid receptor agonists such as those described in WO 00/00531, WO 02/10143, WO 03/082280, WO 03/082787, WO 03/104195, and WO 04/005229.
- steroids in particular glucocorticosteroids such as bud
- LTB4 antagonists such LY293111, CGS025019C, CP-195543, SC-53228, BIIL 284, ONO 4057, SB 209247 and those described in US 5451700; LTD4 antagonists such as montelukast and zafirlukast; PDE4 inhibitors such as cilomilast, Roflumilast (Byk Gulden) , V-11294A (Napp) , BAY19-8004 (Bayer) , SCH-351591 (Schering-Plough) , Arofylline (Almirall Prodesfarma) , PD189659 /PD168787 (Parke-Davis) , AWD-12-281 (Asta Medica) , CDC-801 (Celgene) , SelCID (TM) CC-10004 (Celgene) , VM554/UM565 (Vernalis) , T-440 (Tanabe)
- Suitable bronchodilatory drugs include anticholinergic or antimuscarinic compounds, in particular ipratropium bromide, oxitropium bromide, tiotropium salts and CHF 4226 (Chiesi) , and glycopyrrolate, but also those described in WO 01/04118, WO 02/51841, WO 02/53564, WO 03/00840, WO 03/87094, WO 04/05285, WO 02/00652, WO 03/53966, EP 424021, US 5171744, US 3714357, WO 03/33495 and WO 04/018422.
- Suitable chemokine receptors include, e.g. CCR-1, CCR-2, CCR-3, CCR-4, CCR-5, CCR-6, CCR-7, CCR-8, CCR-9 and CCR10, CXCR1, CXCR2, CXCR3, CXCR4, CXCR5, particularly CCR-5 antagonists such as Schering-Plough antagonists SC-351125, SCH-55700 and SCH-D, Takeda antagonists such as N- [ [4- [ [ [6, 7-dihydro-2- (4-methylphenyl) -5H-benzo-cyclohepten-8-yl] carbonyl] amino] phenyl] -methyl] tetrahydro-N, N-dimethyl-2H-pyran-4-amin-ium chloride (TAK-770) , and CCR-5 antagonists described in US 6166037 (particularly claims 18 and 19) , WO 00/66558 (particularly claim 8) , WO 00/66559 (particularly claim 9)
- Suitable antihistamine drug substances include cetirizine hydrochloride, acetaminophen, clemastine fumarate, promethazine, loratidine, desloratidine, diphenhydramine and fexofena-dine hydrochloride, activastine, astemizole, azelastine, ebastine, epinastine, mizolastine and tefenadine as well as those disclosed in WO 03/099807, WO 04/026841 and JP 2004107299.
- pharmaceutically effective preferably relates to an amount that is therapeutically or in a broader sense also prophylactically effective against the progression of a disease or disorder as disclosed herein.
- a commercial package as used herein defines especially a "kit of parts” in the sense that the components (a) MET tyrosine kinase inhibitor and (b) EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor as defined above and below, and optionally further co-agents, can be dosed independently or by use of different fixed combinations with distinguished amounts of the components (a) and (b) , i.e., simultaneously or at different time points.
- these terms comprise a commercial package comprising (especially combining) as active ingredients components (a) and (b) , together with instructions for simultaneous, sequential (chronically staggered, in time-specific sequence, preferentially) or (less preferably) separate use thereof in the delay of progression or treatment of a proliferative disease.
- the parts of the kit of parts can then, e.g., be administered simultaneously or chronologically staggered, that is at different time points and with equal or different time intervals for any part of the kit of parts.
- the time intervals are chosen such that the effect on the treated disease in the combined use of the parts is larger than the effect which would be obtained by use of only any one of the combination partners (a) and (b) (as can be determined according to standard methods.
- the ratio of the total amounts of the combination partner (a) to the combination partner (b) to be administered in the combined preparation can be varied, e.g., in order to cope with the needs of a patient sub-population to be treated or the needs of the single patient which different needs can be due to the particular disease, age, sex, body weight, etc. of the patients.
- there is at least one beneficial effect e.g., a mutual enhancing of the effect of the combination partners (a) and (b) , in particular a more than additive effect, which hence could be achieved with lower doses of each of the combined drugs, respectively, than tolerable in the case of treatment with the individual drugs only without combination, producing additional advantageous effects, e.g., less side effects or a combined therapeutic effect in a non-effective dosage of one or both of the combination partners (components) (a) and (b) , and very preferably a strong synergism of the combination partners (a) and (b) .
- a beneficial effect e.g., a mutual enhancing of the effect of the combination partners (a) and (b) , in particular a more than additive effect, which hence could be achieved with lower doses of each of the combined drugs, respectively, than tolerable in the case of treatment with the individual drugs only without combination, producing additional advantageous effects, e.g., less side effects or a combined therapeutic effect in a non-
- any combination of simultaneous, sequential and separate use is also possible, meaning that the components (a) and (b) may be administered at one time point simultaneously, followed by administration of only one component with lower host toxicity either chronically, e.g., more than 3-4 weeks of daily dosing, at a later time point and subse-quently the other component or the combination of both components at a still later time point (in subsequent drug combination treatment courses for an optimal effect) or the like.
- the combination products according to the present disclosure are appropriate for the treatment of various diseases that are mediated by, especially depend on, the activity of EGFR and/or MET tyrosine kinase, respectively. They can thus be used in the treatment of any of the diseases that can be treated by EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors and MET tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
- EGFR inhibitors are e.g. useful in the treatment of one or more of the diseases which respond to an inhibition of EGFR activity, especially a neoplastic or tumor disease, especially solid tumor, more especially those cancers in which EGFR kinases are implicated including breast cancer, gastric cancer, lung cancer, cancer of the prostate, bladder cancer and endome-trial cancer. Further cancers include cancer of the kidney, liver, adrenal glands, stomach, ova-ries, colon, rectum, pancreas, vagina or thyroid, sarcoma, glioblastomas and numerous tumours of the neck and head, as well as leukemias and multiple myeloma. Especially preferred are cancers of breast or ovary; lung cancer, e.g.
- NSCLC or SCLC head and neck, renal, colorectal, pancreas, bladder, gastric or prostate cancer; or glioma; in particular, glioma or colon, rectum or colorectal cancer or more particularly lung cancer are to be mentioned.
- diseases dependent on ligands of EGFR such as EGF; TGF- ⁇ ; HB-EGF; amphiregulin; epiregulin; betacellulin, are included.
- MET inhibitors are e.g. useful in the treatment of MET related diseases, especially cancers that display evidence for simultaneous activation of MET and FGFR, including gene amplification, activating mutations, expression of cognate RTK ligands, phosphorylation of RTKs at residues indicative of activation, e.g.
- cancer is selected from the group consisting of brain cancer, stomach cancer, genital cancer, urinary cancer, prostate cancer, (urinary) bladder cancer (superficial and muscle invasive) , breast cancer, cervical cancer, colon cancer, colorectal cancer, glioma (including glioblastoma, anaplastic astrocytoma, oligoastrocytoma, oligodendroglioma) , esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, liver cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) including childhood HCC, head and neck cancer (including head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma) , Hurthle cell carcinoma, epithelial cancer, skin cancer, melanoma (including malignant melanoma) , mesothelioma, lymphoma, myeloma (including multiple myeloma) , leukemias, lung cancer (including non-small cell lung cancer (including all his
- MET inhibitors are e.g. also useful in the treatment of cancer wherein the cancer is stomach, colon, liver, genital, urinary, melanoma, or prostate.
- the cancer is liver or esophageal.
- MET inhibitors are e.g. also useful in the treatment of colon cancer, including metastases, e.g. in the liver, and of non-small-cell lung carcinoma.
- MET inhibitors are e.g. also may be used in the treatment of hereditary papillary renal carcinoma (Schmidt, L. et al. Nat. Genet. 16, 68-73, 1997) and other proliferative diseases in which c-MET is overexpressed or constitutively activated by mutations (Jeffers and Vande Woude. Oncogene 18, 5120-5125, 1999; and reference cited therein) or chromosomal rearrange-ments (e.g. TPR-MET; Cooper et al. Nature 311, 29-33, 1984; Park. et al. Cell 45, 895-904, 1986) .
- TPR-MET Cooper et al. Nature 311, 29-33, 1984
- MET inhibitors are e.g. further useful in the treatment of additional cancers and conditions as provided herein or known in the art.
- MET inhibitors are e.g. also suitable for the treatment of one or more inflammatory conditions.
- the inflammatory condition is due to an infection.
- the method of treatment would be to block pathogen infection.
- the infection is a bacterial infection, e.g., a Listeria infection. See, e.g., Shen et al. Cell 103: 501-10, (2000) whereby a bacterial surface protein activates c-Met kinase through binding to the extracellular domain of the receptor, thereby mimicking the effect of the cognate ligand HGF/SF.
- the combination product of the present disclosure is especially appropriate for treatment of any of the cancers mentioned above amenable to EGFR or Met inhibitor treatment, especially a cancer selected from adenocarcinoma (especially of the breast or more especially of the lung) , rhabdomyosarcoma, osteosarcoma, urinary bladder carcinoma, colorectal cancer and glioma.
- a cancer selected from adenocarcinoma (especially of the breast or more especially of the lung) , rhabdomyosarcoma, osteosarcoma, urinary bladder carcinoma, colorectal cancer and glioma.
- a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present disclosure refers to an amount of the compound of the present disclosure that will elicit the biological or medical response of a subject, for example, reduction or inhibition of an enzyme or a protein activity, or ameliorate symptoms, alleviate conditions, slow or delay disease progression, or prevent a disease, etc.
- a therapeutically effective amount refers to the amount of the compound of the present disclosure that, when administered to a subject, is effective to (1) at least partially alleviating, inhibiting, preventing and/or ameliorating a condition, or a disorder or a disease (i) mediated by cMet (MET) and/or mediated by EGFR activity, or (ii) characterized by activity (normal or abnormal) of cMet and/or of EGFR; or (2) reducing or inhibiting the activity of cMet and/or of EGFR; or (3) reducing or inhibiting the expression of cMet and/or EGFR.
- MET cMet
- EGFR activity characterized by activity (normal or abnormal) of cMet and/or of EGFR
- reducing or inhibiting the activity of cMet and/or of EGFR or (3) reducing or inhibiting the expression of cMet and/or EGFR.
- a therapeutically effective amount refers to the amount of the compound of the present disclosure that, when administered to a cell, or a tissue, or a non-cellular biological material, or a medium, is effective to at least partially reducing or inhibiting the activity of cMet and/or EGFR; or at least partially reducing or inhibiting the expression of MET and/or EGFR.
- the term “subject” refers to an animal. Typically the animal is a mammal. A subject also refers to for example, primates (e.g., humans) , cows, sheep, goats, horses, dogs, cats, rabbits, rats, mice, fish, birds and the like. In certain embodiments, the subject is a pri-mate. In yet other embodiments, the subject is a human.
- primates e.g., humans
- the subject is a pri-mate.
- the subject is a human.
- the term “inhibit” refers to the reduction or suppression of a given condition, symptom, or disorder, or disease, or a significant decrease in the baseline activity of a biological activity or process.
- the term “treat” , “treating” or “treatment” of any disease or disorder refers in one embodiment, to ameliorating the disease or disorder (i.e., slowing or arresting or reducing the development of the disease or at least one of the clinical symptoms thereof) .
- “treat” , “treating” or “treatment” refers to alleviating or ameliorating at least one physical parameter including those which may not be discernible by the patient.
- “treat” , “treating” or “treatment” refers to modulating the disease or disorder, either physically, (e.g., stabilization of a discernible symptom) , physiologically, (e.g., stabilization of a physical parameter) , or both.
- “treat” , “treating” or “treatment” refers to preventing or delaying the onset or development or progression of the disease or disorder.
- treatment comprises, for example, the prophylactic or especially therapeutic administration of the combination partners to a warm-blooded animal, preferably to a human being, in need of such treatment with the aim to cure the disease or to have an effect on disease regression or on the delay of progression of a disease.
- a subject is “in need of” a treatment if such subject would benefit biologically, medically or in quality of life from such treatment.
- the combinations according to the disclosure can be prepared in a manner known per se and are those suitable for enteral, such as oral or rectal, and parenteral administration to mammals (warm-blooded animals) , including man, comprising a therapeutically effective amount of at least one pharmacologically active combination partner alone or in combination with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, especially suitable for enteral or parenteral application.
- enteral such as oral or rectal
- parenteral administration to mammals (warm-blooded animals) , including man
- a therapeutically effective amount of at least one pharmacologically active combination partner alone or in combination with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers especially suitable for enteral or parenteral application.
- one or more of the active ingredients are administered orally.
- carrier or “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” includes any and all solvents, dispersion media, coatings, surfactants, antioxidants, preservatives (e.g., antibacterial agents, antifungal agents) , isotonic agents, absorption delaying agents, salts, preservatives, drugs, drug stabilizers, binders, excipients, disintegration agents, lubricants, sweetening agents, flavoring agents, dyes, and the like and combinations thereof, as would be known to those skilled in the art (see, for example, Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 18th Ed.Mack Printing Company, 1990, pp. 1289-1329) . Except insofar as any conventional carrier is incompatible with the active ingredient, its use in the therapeutic or pharmaceutical compositions is contemplated.
- the pharmaceutical combination product according to the disclosure (as fixed combination, or as kit, e.g. as combination of a fixed combination and individual formulations for one or both combination partners oras kit of individual formulations of the combination partners) comprises the combination partners (at least one MET tyrosine kinase inhibitor, at least one EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, and optionally one or more further co-agents) of the present disclosure and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carrier materials (carriers, excipients) .
- the combination products or the combination partners constituting it can be formulated for particular routes of administration such as oral administration, parenteral administration, and rectal administration, etc.
- combination products of the present disclosure can be made up in a solid form (including without limitation capsules, tablets, pills, granules, powders or suppositories) , or in a liquid form (including without limitation solutions, suspensions or emulsions) .
- the combination products and/or their combination partners can be subjected to conventional pharmaceutical operations such as sterilization and/or can contain conventional inert diluents, lubricating agents, or buffering agents, as well as adjuvants, such as preservatives, stabilizers, wetting agents, emulsifers and buffers, etc.
- the pharmaceutical compositions are tablets or gelatin capsules comprising the active ingredient together with one or more commonly known carriers, e.g. one or more carriers selected from the group consisting of
- diluents e.g., lactose, dextrose, sucrose, mannitol, sorbitol, cellulose and/or glycine;
- lubricants e.g., silica, talcum, stearic acid, its magnesium or calcium salt and/or polyethyleneglycol; for tablets also
- lubricants e.g., silica, talcum, stearic acid, its magnesium or calcium salt and/or polyethyleneglycol
- binders e.g., magnesium aluminum silicate, starch paste, gelatin, tragacanth, methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and/or polyvinylpyrrolidone; if desired
- disintegrants e.g., starches, agar, alginic acid or its sodium salt, or effervescent mixtures
- Tablets may be either film coated or enteric coated according to methods known in the art.
- compositions for oral administration especially include an effective amount of one or more or in case of fixed combination formulations each of the combination partners (active ingredients) in the form of tablets, lozenges, aqueous or oily suspensions, dispersible powders or granules, emulsion, hard or soft capsules, or syrups or elixirs.
- Compositions intended for oral use are prepared according to any method known in the art for the manufacture of pharmaceutical compositions and such compositions can contain one or more agents selected from the group consisting of sweetening agents, flavoring agents, coloring agents and preserving agents in order to provide pharmaceutically elegant and palatable preparations. Tablets may contain the active ingredient (s) in admixture with nontoxic pharmaceutically acceptable excipients which are suitable for the manufacture of tablets.
- excipients are, for example, inert diluents, such as calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, lactose, calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate; granulating and disintegrating agents, for example, corn starch, or alginic acid; binding agents, for example, starch, gelatin or acacia; and lubricating agents, for example magnesium stearate, stearic acid or talc.
- the tablets are uncoated or coated by known techniques to delay disintegration and absorption in the gastrointestinal tract and thereby provide a sustained action over a longer period.
- a time delay material such as glyceryl monostearate or glyceryl distearate can be employed.
- Formulations for oral use can be presented as hard gelatin capsules wherein the active ingredient is mixed with an inert solid diluent, for example, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate or kaolin, or as soft gelatin capsules wherein the active ingredient is mixed with water or an oil medium, for example, peanut oil, liquid paraffin or olive oil.
- an inert solid diluent for example, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate or kaolin
- water or an oil medium for example, peanut oil, liquid paraffin or olive oil.
- compositions are aqueous isotonic solutions or suspensions, and suppositories are advantageously prepared from fatty emulsions or suspensions.
- Said compositions may be sterilized and/or contain adjuvants, such as preserving, stabilizing, wetting or emulsifying agents, solution promoters, salts for regulating the osmotic pressure and/or buffers. In addition, they may also contain other therapeutically valuable substances.
- Said compositions are pre-pared according to conventional mixing, granulating or coating methods, respectively, and contain about 0.1-75%, or contain about 1-50%, of the active ingredient.
- compositions for transdermal application include an effective amount of one or more active ingredients with a suitable carrier.
- Carriers suitable for transdermal delivery include absorbable pharmacologically acceptable solvents to assist passage through the skin of the host.
- transdermal devices are in the form of a bandage comprising a backing member, a reservoir containing the compound optionally with carriers, optionally a rate control-ling barrier to deliver the compound of the skin of the host at a controlled and predetermined rate over a prolonged period of time, and means to secure the device to the skin.
- compositions for topical application include aqueous solutions, suspensions, ointments, creams, gels or sprayable formulations, e.g., for delivery by aerosol or the like.
- topical delivery systems will in particular be appropriate for dermal application, e.g., for the treatment of skin cancer, e.g., for prophylactic use in sun creams, lotions, sprays and the like. They are thus particularly suited for use in topical, including cosmetic, formulations well-known in the art.
- Such may contain solubilizers, stabilizers, tonicity enhancing agents, buffers and preservatives.
- a topical application may also pertain to an inhalation or to an intranasal application. They may be conveniently delivered in the form of a dry powder (either alone, as a mixture, for example a dry blend with lactose, or a mixed component particle, for example with phospholipids) from a dry powder inhaler or an aerosol spray presentation from a pressurised container, pump, spray, atomizer or nebuliser, with or without the use of a suitable propellant.
- a dry powder either alone, as a mixture, for example a dry blend with lactose, or a mixed component particle, for example with phospholipids
- the disclosure relates also to a kit of parts or a fixed pharmaceutical composition com-prising an effective amount, especially an amount effective in the treatment of one of the above-mentioned diseases of at least one MET tyrosine kinase inhibitor, at least one EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, respectively, and optionally of at least one further co-agent, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers that are suitable for topical, enteral, for example oral or rectal, or parenteral administration and that may be inorganic or organic, solid or liquid.
- the active ingredient (s) forming part of a combination product according to the present disclosure can be present each in a relative amount of 0.5 to 95 %of weight of the corresponding formulation (regarding the formulation as such, that is without packaging and leaflet) , e.g. from 1 to 90, 5 to 95, 10 to 98 or 10 to 60 or 40 to 80 %by weight, respectively.
- the dosage of the active ingredient to be applied to a warm-blooded animal depends upon a variety of factors including type, species, age, weight, sex and medical condition of the patient; the severity of the condition to be treated; the route of administration; the renal and he-patic function of the patient; and the particular compound employed.
- a physician, clinician or veterinarian of ordinary skill can readily determine and prescribe the effective amount of the drug required to prevent, counter or arrest the progress of the condition.
- Optimal precision in achieving concentration of drug within the range that yields efficacy without toxicity requires a regimen based on the kinetics of the drug's availability to target sites. This involves a con-sideration of the distribution, equilibrium, and elimination of a drug.
- each of the combination partners or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to be administered to warm- blooded animals is preferably from approximately 3 mg to approximately 5 g, more preferably from approximately 10 mg to approximately 1.5 g per person per day, e.g. divided preferably into 1 to 3 single doses, e.g. for use once or twice daily, which may, for example, be of the same size.
- children receive half of the adult dose.
- the pharmaceutical combination product of the present disclosure can e.g. be in unit dosage of about 1-1000 mg of active ingredient (s) for a subject of about 50-70 kg, or about 1-500 mg or about 1-250 mg or about 1-150 mg or about 0.5-100 mg, or about 1-50 mg of for any one or in particular the sum of active ingredients; or (especially for the EGFR inhibitor) 50 to 900, 60 to 850, 75 to 800 or 100 to 600 mg, respectively, for any one or in particular the sum of active ingredients.
- the therapeutically effective dosage of a compound, the pharmaceutical composition, or the combinations thereof is dependent on the species of the subject, the body weight, age and individual condition, the disorder or disease or the severity thereof being treated. A physician, clinician or (in animal use) veterinarian of ordinary skill can readily determine the effective amount of each of the active ingredients necessary to prevent, treat or inhibit the progress of the disorder or disease.
- Example 1 Combination of cMET inhibitor INC280 and EGFR inhibitor cetuximab in colon and head &neck cancer cell lines
- HGF hepatocyte growth factor
- Cetuximab was subjected to a 8 dose 3X serial dilution with highest dose at 0.3 ⁇ M and lowest dose at about 0.4nM and INC280 was subjected to a 8 dose 3X serial dilution with the highest dose at 1.5 ⁇ M and the lowest dose at about 2nM.
- Cetuximab single agent showed a potent and concentration-dependent activity of inhibiting proliferation of YD-38, CAL-33 and CCK-81 cells, and addition of HGF to those cells abolished the activity of Cetuximab at nearly all concentrations.
- INC280 As low as 18nM INC280 re-sensitized cells to Cetuximab in the presence of HGF and the INC280/Cetuximab combination was highly synergistic (synergy scores ranging from 4.3 to 14.0, using a dose additive synergistic model) . Importantly, the combination synergy was only observed in the presence of HGF but not in the absence of HGF. INC280 as a single agent had little or no anti-proliferation effect to those three cell lines regardless of HGF addition. In conclusion, combining INC280 with Cetuximab may potentially both overcome the intrinsic resistance and prevent the acquired resistance to Cetuximab mediated by various types of MET activation such as HGF overexpression or MET amplification in HNSCC and CRC tumors.
- MET activation such as HGF overexpression or MET amplification in HNSCC and CRC tumors.
- HGF hepatocyte growth factor
- Cetuximab an antibody targeting EGFR, is approved by the FDA for treating head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and KRAS wild-type EGFR-expressing metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) .
- HNSCC head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
- CRC metastatic colorectal cancer
- the objective response rate to Cetuximab in CRC is only 10%to 20%and HGF activation of MET was suggested as a mechanism for primary resistance to Cetuximab in CRC (Liska et al., 2011) .
- MET amplification was also associated with acquired resistance to Cetuximab in CRC patients (Bardelli et al., 2013) .
- INC280 Novartis, NVP-INC280 was dissolved in DMSO at 10mM and stored in aliquots at -20°C.
- Cetuximab purchased from Bristol-Myers Squibb
- Recombinant HGF R&D Systems, 294-HG-005/CF
- YD-38, CAL-33 and CCK-81 cells were cultured at 37°C in a 5%CO2 incubator using the ATCC media (YD-38, RPMI-1640; CAL-33, DMEM; CCK-81, EMEM) supplemented with 10%FBS (Thermo scientific, SH30071.03) .
- 2nM L-glutamine (Invitrogen, #25030-081) was also supplemented for CAL-33 media. Cells were passaged twice a week using TryPLE Express (Invitrogen, #12604-013) .
- Cell viability was determined by measuring cellular ATP content using the CellTiter- (CTG) luminescent cell viability assay (Promega #G7573) according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Briefly, various number of cells (6000 for CAL-33, 4200 for YD-38 and 7000 for CCK-81) were seeded in 80 ⁇ l growth media per well in clear-bottom 96-well black plates (Costar, #3904) in triplicates.
- CCG CellTiter-
- Synergistic interaction was analyzed using Chalice software (CombinatoRx, Cambridge MA) .
- Synergy was calculated by comparing a combination's response to those of its single agents, against the drug-with-itself dose-additive reference model and reported as Synergy Score (Lehar et al., 2009) .
- HGF rescued the anti-proliferation effect of Cetuximab in HNSCC cancer cell lines:
- HGF human growth factor
- CAL-33 two HNSCC cell lines that were known to be sensitive to Cetuximab according to previous studies.
- CCG 3 Day CellTiter-Glo
- 100nM Cetuximab achieved 70%growth inhibition in YD-38 cells and 36%growth inhibition in CAL-33 cells, respectively ( Figure 1) .
- the lower efficacy of Cetuximab in CAL-33 cells may be partially attributed to the PIK3CA mutation in this cell line (Table 1) .
- the “matrix” used in this study was as following: Cetuximab was subjected to a 8 dose 3X serial dilution with the highest dose at 0.3 ⁇ M and the lowest dose at about 0.4nM, and INC280 was subjected to a 8 dose 3X serial dilution with the highest dose at 1.5 ⁇ M and the lowest dose at about 2nM.
- Cetuximab single agent showed a potent and concentration-dependent activity of inhibiting proliferation of YD-38 and CAL-33 cells ( Figure 2) , and addition of HGF to both cell lines abolished the activity of Cetuximab at nearly all concentrations ( Figure 2) .
- Cetuximab is also clinically approved for colorectal cancer (CRC) .
- CRC colorectal cancer
- 100 nM Cetuximab achieved 67%growth inhibition in CCK-81 cells ( Figure 3) .
- addition of 75ng/ml HGF together with Cetuximab completely rescued the cell growth inhibition by Cetuximab in CCK-81 cells, while HGF alone had only modest growth-stimulating effect ( ⁇ 19%) .
- the HGF rescue of Cetuximab effect can be fully blocked by co-treatment with 500nM MET inhibitor INC280.
- Cetuximab and INC280 were synergistic in the presence of HGF in a CRC cancer cell line
- HGF hepatocyte growth factor
- HNSCC and CRC cell line models we selected are sensitive to Cetuximab, probably due to high expression of either EGFR (Table 1) or its various ligands.
- the HGF expression levels in those cell lines are extremely low with HGF MAS5 ⁇ 13, which enabled us to achieve MET activation by adding exogenous HGF.
- MET expression is generally high in those three cell lines with YD-38 having the highest MET MAS5 of 18452.2.
- the median MET expression of 32 HNSCC cancer cell lines in our CCLE collection is 10154.3 and the MET expression of a MET-amplified gastric cell line MKN-45 is 29714.7, which may be approaching the assay limit. Therefore, the MET expression levels in our cell line models are likely to be representative of their lineages and well below the level seen in MET-amplified models.
- Example 2 A phase Ib, open-label, multicenter, dose escalation and expansion study, to evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetics and activity of INC280 in combination with cetuximab in c-MET positive CRC and HNSCC patients who have progressed after anti- EGFR monoclonal antibody therapy
- this study will combine the c-MET inhibitor INC280 with the EGFR inhibitor, cetuximab, in mCRC and HNSCC patients whose tumors have become resistant to anti-EGFR treatment through activation of the MET receptor.
- a newly obtained tumor biopsy must be taken at the time of cetuximab or panitumumab progression, during molecular pre-screening, and is a mandatory criterion for the inclusion of patients in the expansion part of the study.
- This tumor sample will enable a more accurate assessment of the current biological phenotype of the tumor.
- the availability of previously obtained tumor material will allow a comprehensive understanding of the genetic alterations by comparing the newly obtained biopsy with the initial genetic profile of the tumor in a large and controlled patient population.
- the purpose of the dose escalation part of the study is to determine the MTD and/or Recommended Dose for Expansion (RDE) of INC280 in combination with cetuximab.
- RDE Recommended Dose for Expansion
- this study is designed to provide a preliminary assessment of the efficacy of this combination.
- the dose escalation part will be guided by a Bayesian Logistic Regression Model (BLRM) .
- This open-label dose escalation study design using a BLRM is a well-established method to estimate the MTD and/or RDE in cancer patients.
- the adaptive BLRM will be guided by the escalation with overdose control (EWOC) principle to control the risk of DLT in future patients on study.
- EWOC overdose control
- Bayesian response adaptive models for small datasets has been accepted by the European Medicines Evaluation Agency (EMEA) ( “Guideline on clinical trials in small populations” , February 1, 2007) and endorsed by numerous publications (Babb 1998 et al, Neuenschwander et al 2008, Neuenschwander et al 2010) , and its development and appropriate use is one aspect of the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) Critical Path Initiative.
- EMEA European Medicines Evaluation Agency
- the selection of the oral dosing schedule and the initial starting dose for the dose escalation part of INC280 using the tablet formulation are based on the currently available safety, PK, PD and preliminary efficacy data from the completed and ongoing clinical studies with INC280 (in capsule formulation) and upon the clinical experience of a relative bioavailability study, which compared the two formulations in healthy volunteers.
- the starting dose for INC280 tablets selected for this study is 150mg bid on a continuous dosing schedule based on the AUC ratios and available strengths of the tablet formulation.
- the selected starting dose of INC280 on a continuous twice daily schedule in combination with cetuximab is supported by the risk assessment (EWOC) within the BLRM derived from single-agent INC280 dose-DLT data and predicted interaction with cetuximab.
- EWOC risk assessment
- cetuximab 400mg/m2 initial dose and subsequent weekly doses of 250mg/m2 follows the recommended dosing for mCRC and HNSCC patients according to the cetuximab label.
- No drug-drug interaction (DDI) at the PK level is expected between INC280 and cetuximab.
- This study is designed to explore if the combination of the c-MET inhibitor, INC280, and the EGFR inhibitor, cetuximab, will provide clinical benefit to mCRC and HNSCC patients whose tumors have become resistant to anti-EGFR treatment through activation of the MET receptor by overcoming this resistance.
- phase Ib dose escalation part of the study will be conducted in adult c-MET positive and K/NRAS WT mCRC and c-MET positive HNSCC patients. Cohorts of patients will be treated with the combination until the MTD and/or RDE of the combination is identified. Approximately 20 patients will be enrolled in the dose escalation part.
- Group 1 will consist of approximately 20 c-MET positive and K/NRAS WT mCRC patients who have progressed after treatment with an EGFR inhibitor (EGFRi) (cetuximab or panitumumab) and have received at least one previous line of treatment for their metastatic disease.
- Group 2 will consist of approximately 20 c-MET positive HNSCC patients who have progressed after treatment with cetuximab and have received at least one previous line of treatment for their metastatic disease.
- a patient may enroll on an optional companion protocol to study the mechanisms of resistance to INC280 and cetuximab. Patients who agree to participate in the companion study will provide samples for analysis of their cancer at study entry and again upon the development of resistance.
- Patients to be enrolled in the expansion part of the study must sign the molecular pre-screening consent to allow for the mandatory collection of a newly obtained tumor sample.
- patients to be enrolled in the dose escalation part will sign the molecular pre-screening consent if previously obtained local documentation for c-MET positivity and K/NRAS WT status (for mCRC patients) is not available.
- the screening period begins once the patient has signed the study inform consent. Patients will be evaluated against study inclusion and exclusion criteria and safety assessments.
- the treatment period will begin on Cycle 1 Day 1.
- the study treatment will be administered during 28-days cycles. Patients will be treated until progression of disease, development of unacceptable toxicity, withdrawal of informed consent or death, whichever occurs first.
- End of study will be upon completion of the survival follow-up period of the last patient treated with the combination of INC280 and cetuximab, or when the study is terminated early.
- Completion of the survival follow-up period is once the last patient in the dose expansion part has died or has been followed for survival up to 6 months after the last dose of study treatment, whichever occurs first. Completion of the survival follow-up period could also be considered if > 80%of patients have died or are lost to follow-up.
- the patient population of the study consists of adult patients with K/NRAS WT and c-MET positive mCRC and c-MET positive recurrent/metastatic HNSCC who have received at least one previous line of treatment for the metastatic disease.
- the last treatment should include an anti-EGFR antibody (cetuximab/panitumumab or only cetuximab for HNSCC) .
- cetuximab/panitumumab or only cetuximab for HNSCC
- the investigator or designee must ensure that only patients who meet all the following inclusion and none of the exclusion criteria are offered treatment in the study. All data for the inclusion and exclusion criteria must be verifiable in the patient’s source documents. Patients enrolled in this study are not permitted to participate in additional parallel investigational drug or device studies. Patients who have completed the study may not be re-enrolled for a second course of treatment.
- Analysis can be performed on a newly obtained or the most recent previously obtained tumor sample available.
- the analysis will be performed only on a newly obtained tumor sample.
- this tumor sample will be acceptable for enrollment. In this case a newly obtained tumor sample is not required.
- mCRC patients in dose escalation part At least one previous line of treatment for the metastatic disease and the last treatment must have included cetuximab or panitumumab as a single agent or in combination with chemotherapy.
- cetuximab or panitumumab For patients in the expansion part, additional documentation of clinical benefit (complete or partial response or stable disease) and subsequent progression of disease while on continuous cetuximab or panitumumab as the most recent line of treatment is required.
- HNSCC patients in dose escalation part At least one previous line of treatment for the recurrent or metastatic disease and the last treatment must have included cetuximab as a single agent or in combination with chemotherapy.
- cetuximab For patients in the expansion part, additional documentation of clinical benefit (complete or partial response or stable disease) and subsequent progression of disease while on continuous cetuximab as the most recent line of treatment is required.
- At least one tumor lesion meeting measurable disease criteria as per RECIST v1.1 At least one tumor lesion meeting measurable disease criteria as per RECIST v1.1. Lesions in previously irradiated areas or those that have received other locoregional therapies (i.e. percutaneous ablation) should not be considered measurable unless there is clear documented evidence of progression of the lesion since therapy.
- CNS metastases which are neurologically unstable or requiring increasing doses of steroids to control their CNS disease.
- Patients with controlled CNS metastases may participate in this trial. The patient must have completed radiotherapy or surgery for CNS metastases > 4 weeks prior to starting study treatment. Patients must be neurologically stable, having no new neurologic deficits on clinical examination, and no new findings on CNS imaging. If patients require steroids for management of CNS metastases, they must have been on a stable dose of steroids for two weeks preceding study entry
- cardiovascular disease e.g., uncontrolled hypertension, peripheral vascular disease, congestive heart failure, cardiac arrhythmia, or acute coronary syndrome
- cardiovascular disease e.g., uncontrolled hypertension, peripheral vascular disease, congestive heart failure, cardiac arrhythmia, or acute coronary syndrome
- CBC complete blood count
- ⁇ AST/SGOT or ALT/SGPT > 2.5 x ULN, or > 5.0 x ULN if liver metastases are present
- pancreatitis or pancreatic injury e.g. elevated P-amylase, abnormal imaging findings of pancreas, etc
- Impairment of gastrointestinal (GI) function or GI disease that may significantly alter the absorption of oral INC280 (e.g., ulcerative diseases, uncontrolled nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, malabsorption syndrome, small bowel resection)
- Prior radiation therapy that includes > 30%of the bone marrow reserve
- chemotherapy that includes > 30%of the bone marrow reserve
- biological therapy excluding cetuximab and panitumumab
- treatement with continuous or intermittent small molecule therapeutics or investigational agents within 5 half- lives of the agent (or ⁇ 4 weeks when half-life is unknown) prior to starting study drug or not recovery to grade ⁇ 1 from the side effects of such therapy (except alopecia and neuropathy) .
- HIV human immunodeficiency virus
- Pregnant or nursing (lactating) women where pregnancy is defined as the state of a female after conception and until the termination of gestation, confirmed by a positive hCG laboratory test.
- Women of child-bearing potential defined as all women physiologically capable of becoming pregnant, unless they are using highly effective methods of contraception during dosing and for at least 4 weeks after permanently discontinuing study treatment.
- Highly effective contraception methods include:
- ⁇ Total abstinence when this is in line with the preferred and usual lifestyle of the subject.
- Periodic abstinence e.g., calendar, ovulation, symptothermal, post-ovulation methods
- withdrawal are not acceptable methods of contraception
- hormonal contraception forms of hormonal contraception that have comparable efficacy (failure rate ⁇ 1%) , for example hormone vaginal ring or transdermal hormone contraception.
- IUD intrauterine device
- IUS intrauterine system
- INC280 will be administered as a flat dose of mg/day and not individually adjusted by body weight or body surface area.
- INC280 will be administered orally and on a continuous bid dosing schedule.
- the second (evening) dose should be taken 12 ( ⁇ 2) hours after the morning dose.
- INC280 should be administered in the fasted state, at least one hour before or two hours after a meal. During fasting period, patients can freely drink water.
- Seville orange and juice
- grapefruit or grapefruit juice grapefruit hybrids
- pummelos and star citrus fruits at least 7 days prior to the first dose of study drug and during the entire study treatment period due to potential CYP3A interaction.
- Regular orange juice (Citrus sinensis) is allowed.
- the INC280 tablets can be administered as drinkable suspension by crushing the tablets and suspending them in water. Investigators and patients will receive detailed instructions on how to prepare the drinkable suspension. The drinkable suspension is not permitted for administration into feeding tubes.
- PK blood samples On the days when PK blood samples are to be collected, patients will be instructed to hold their dose of study drug until arrival at the study center. The administration of study drug will be supervised by the study personnel and the time of administration will be recorded. The same dietary restrictions for dosing will be in place on days with PK sampling (INC280 should be administered in the fasted state, at least one hour before or two hours after a meal) .
- a missed dose is defined as any time point when a patient forgets to take study drug within 4 hours after the planned time of dosing or if a patient forgets to take his/her dose for that day. In such cases, the dose should be omitted and the patient should continue treatment with the next scheduled dose.
- Cetuximab will be administered intravenously weekly at the study site on Days 1, 8, 15 and 22 ( ⁇ 3 days) of the 28-day cycle, as per cetuximab label instructions. Pre-medication, if required, should be administered following institutional standards 30 minutes prior to cetuximab infusion.
- the cetuximab initial dose (Cycle 1 Day 1) is 400 mg/m2 administered as a 120-minute intravenous infusion followed by 250 mg/m2 weekly doses infused over 60 minutes (second infusion onward) .
- the infusion rate should not exceed 10 mg/min. Close monitoring is required during the infusion and for at least 1 hr after the end of the infusion.
- Pre-medication that has the potential to alter the pH of the upper GI tract may alter the solubility of INC280 and hence its bioavailability.
- These agents include, but are not limited to, H2-antagonists (e.g., ranitidine) and antacids. Therefore, oral dosing of INC280 will be administered prior to cetuximab and its premedication. This sequence will also allow for consistent timing of the INC280 morning dose administration.
- Cetuximab premedication if required. Cetuximab infusion is recommended 30 minutes post-premedication (i.e. 1.5 hour post-INC280 intake) .
- Pre-medication for cetuximab should be administered as per standard institutional guidelines and/or as described in the locally applicable cetuximab label.
- Patients will be treated with the study treatment until patient experiences unacceptable toxicity, disease progression, death, withdraws prematurely and/or upon withdrawal of consent, whichever occurs first.
- the starting dose for INC280 is 150mg bid administered continuously in combination with a fixed dose of cetuximab of 400mg/m2 as the initial dose (C1 D1) and 250mg/m2 as subsequent weekly doses in 28-day cycles.
- C1 D1 cetuximab
- C1 D1 initial dose
- C1 D1 250mg/m2 as subsequent weekly doses in 28-day cycles.
- Table 3 describes the starting dose and the dose levels of INC280 that may be evaluated during this study. With the exception of starting dose level 1, actual dose levels will be determined following a discussion with the participating Investigators during the dose escalation teleconferences. Dose escalation will continue until the MTD/RDE is reached.
- cetuximab The dose for cetuximab will be fixed for all dose escalation cohorts.
- the adaptive BLRM permits alterations in the dose increments based on the observed DLTs.
- each cohort will consist of 3 to 6 newly enrolled patients who will be treated at the specified dose level.
- the first cohort will be treated with the starting dose of INC280 as shown in Table 3 in combination with the fixed dose for cetuximab.
- Dose escalation decisions will be made by Investigators and Novartis study personnel. Decisions will be based on a synthesis of all relevant data available from all dose levels evaluated in the ongoing study including safety information, DLTs, all CTCAE Grade ⁇ 2 toxicity data during Cycle 1, PK and PD data from evaluable patients. The recommended dose for the next cohort of subjects will be guided by the BLRM with EWOC principle.
- the adaptive Bayesian methodology provides an estimate of all dose levels of INC280 in combination with cetuximab that do not exceed the MTD and incorporates all DLT information at all dose levels for this estimation.
- the next dose will have the highest chance that the DLT rate will fall in the target interval [16-35%) and will always satisfy the EWOC principle.
- the dose for the next cohort will not exceed a 100%increase from the previous dose. Smaller increases in dose may be recommended by the Investigators and Novartis upon consideration of all of the available clinical data.
- the BLRM will be updated and the next cohort will be opened at the next lower dose level or an intermediate dose level (Appendix 2) that satisfies the EWOC criteria.
- an intermediate dose level (Appendix 2) that satisfies the EWOC criteria.
- 2 patients in a new cohort at a previously tested dose level experience a DLT (e.g., a total of 8 patients are treated on this dose level with 2 DLT observed)
- the BLRM will be updated with this new information and re-evaluation of the available safety, PK and PD data will occur.
- additional patients may be enrolled into the current dose cohort only if the dose still meets the EWOC criteria and as agreed by Investigators and Novartis personnel.
- a new cohort of patients may be recruited to a lower dose as agreed by Investigators and Novartis personnel and if the BLRM predicts that the risk for this lower dose combination to exceed the MTD remains below 25% (EWOC) .
- Re-escalation may then occur if data in subsequent cohorts supports this (EWOC criteria are satisfied) and Investigators and Novartis personnel agree.
- Dose escalation will continue until identification of the MTD or a suitable lower dose for expansion. This will occur when the following conditions are met:
- the posterior probability of targeted toxicity at this dose exceeds 50%and is the highest among potential doses, or
- additional cohorts of patients may be enrolled at preceding dose levels, or to intermediate dose levels before or while proceeding with further dose escalation.
- the BLRM will be updated with this new information before any additional patients are enrolled at that higher dose level. Subjects ongoing will continue treatment at their assigned dose levels.
- the available toxicity information including adverse events and laboratory abnormalities that are not DLTs
- the recommendations from the BLRM and the available PK and PD information will all be evaluated by the Investigators and Novartis study personnel (including the study physician and statistician) during a dose decision meeting by teleconference.
- Drug administration at the next higher dose level may not proceed until the investigator receives written confirmation from Novartis indicating that the results of the previous dose level were evaluated and that it is permissible to proceed to a higher dose level.
- a DLT is defined as an adverse event or abnormal laboratory value assessed as unrelated to disease, disease progression, inter-current illness, or concomitant medications that occurs within the first 28 days (first cycle) of treatment with INC280 in combination with cetuximab and meets any of the criteria included in Table 4. National Cancer Institute CTCAE version 4.03 will be used for all grading. For the purpose of dose-escalation decisions, DLTs will be considered and included in the BLRM.
- CTCAE grade ⁇ 3 adverse events or laboratory abnormalities Prior to enrolling patients into a higher dose level, CTCAE grade ⁇ 2 adverse events will be reviewed for all patients at the current dose level.
- Example 3 Combination of cMET inhibitor INC280 and EGFR inhibitor Panitumumab in colon and head &neck cancer cell lines
- YD-38, CAL-33 and CCK-81 cells were treated in 96-well format for 3 days with HGF alone, Panitumumab alone, Panitumumab as a singal agent and Panitumumab with INC280 in the present or absent of HGF.
- Figures 6 and 7 Cell viability was measured using the CellTiter-Glo assay. %viability was plotted as bar graphs with mean values and standard deviations from triplicates. (Firgure 8) . %inhibition data was displayed numerically as 8 X 8 dose grid. Each data point represents averaged data from 3 wells + standard deviation, and the color spectrum also represents the level of the inhibition.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (22)
- A pharmaceutical combination comprising(i) a MET tyrosine kinase inhibitor which is INC280 having the formulaor a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof,(ii) an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor which is a monoclonal antibody,and optionally(iiii) at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
- The combination of claim 1, wherein the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor is cetuximab.
- The combination of claim 1, wherein the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor is panitumumab.
- The combination of claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the INC280 is in its dihydrochloric acid salt form.
- The combination of claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the INC280 is a dihydrochloric monohydrate salt.
- The combination of any one of the preceding claims, wherein (i) and (ii) are simultaneously, separately or sequentially administered.
- A method of treating an EGFR tyrosine kinase activity and/or MET tyrosine kinase activity mediated disease, especially a cancer, comprising administering a pharmaceutical combination comprising(i) a MET tyrosine kinase inhibitor which is INC280 having the formulaor a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof,(ii) an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor which is a monoclonal antibody,and optionally:(iiii) at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
- The method of claim 7, wherein the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor is cetuximab.
- The method of claim 7, wherein the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor is panitumumab.
- The method of claim 7, 8 or 9, wherein the INC280 is in its dihydrochloric acid salt form.
- The method of claim 7, 8 or 9, wherein the INC280 is a dihydrochloric monohydrate salt.
- The method of any one of claims 7-11, wherein (i) and (ii) are simultaneously, separately or sequentially administered.
- The method of any one of claims 7 to 12 wherein the cancer is carcinomas (e.g., bladder, breast, cervical, cholangiocarcinoma, colorectal, esophageal, gastric, head and neck, kidney, liver, lung, nasopharygeal, ovarian, pancreas, prostate, thyroid) ; musculoskeletal sarcomas (e.g., osteosarcaoma, synovial sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma) ; soft tissue sarcomas (e.g., MFH/fibrosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, Kaposi’s sarcoma) ; hematopoietic malignancies (e.g., multiple myeloma, lymphomas, adult T cell leukemia, acute myelogenous leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia) ; and other neoplasms (e.g., glioblastomas, astrocytomas, melanoma, mesothelioma and Wilm’s tumor.
- The method of any one of claims 7 to 12 wherein the cancer is non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) .
- The method of any one of claims 7 to 12 wherein the cancer is metastatic non-small cell lung cancer.
- The method of any one of claims 7 to 12 wherein the cancer is colorectal cancer (CRC) .
- The method of any one of claims 7 to 12 wherein the cancer is metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) .
- The method of any one of claims 7 to 12 wherein the cancer is head and neck cancer.
- The method of any one of claims 7 to 12 wherein the cancer is metastatic head and neck cancer.
- The method of any one of claims 7 to 12, wherein the cancer is head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) .
- The method of any one of claims 7 to 12, wherein the cancer is mCRC in patients whose tumors have become resistant to anti-EGFR treatment through activation of the MET receptor.
- The method of any one of claims 7 to 12, wherein the cancer is HNSCC in patients whose tumors have become resistant to anti-EGFR treatment through activation of the MET receptor.
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| RU2017105817A RU2017105817A (en) | 2014-07-25 | 2015-07-23 | COMBINED THERAPY |
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| EP15824774.2A EP3171876A4 (en) | 2014-07-25 | 2015-07-23 | Combination therapy |
| BR112017001165A BR112017001165A2 (en) | 2014-07-25 | 2015-07-23 | combination therapy |
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| JP2015512425A (en) | 2012-04-03 | 2015-04-27 | ノバルティス アーゲー | Combination products with tyrosine kinase inhibitors and their use |
| US12559789B2 (en) * | 2017-01-20 | 2026-02-24 | The Jackson Laboratory | Method of targeting patient-specific oncogenes in extrachromosomal DNA to treat glioblastoma |
| US20200043597A1 (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2020-02-06 | Catalight Foundation | Methods for applying advanced multi-step analytics to generate treatment plan data and devices thereof |
| WO2022007752A1 (en) * | 2020-07-06 | 2022-01-13 | 苏州晶云药物科技股份有限公司 | New crystal form of benzamide compound and dihydrochloride thereof, and preparation method therefor |
| WO2024114740A1 (en) * | 2022-12-01 | 2024-06-06 | 正大天晴药业集团股份有限公司 | Use of quinoline compound in treating thyroid cancer |
| CN118766928B (en) * | 2024-08-06 | 2025-03-14 | 大连医科大学附属第一医院 | Application of VNN1 inhibitor in preparation of chronic pancreatitis medicine |
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| RU2017105817A3 (en) | 2019-03-12 |
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