WO2016045582A1 - 用于飞机空调系统的除水装置 - Google Patents

用于飞机空调系统的除水装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016045582A1
WO2016045582A1 PCT/CN2015/090300 CN2015090300W WO2016045582A1 WO 2016045582 A1 WO2016045582 A1 WO 2016045582A1 CN 2015090300 W CN2015090300 W CN 2015090300W WO 2016045582 A1 WO2016045582 A1 WO 2016045582A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
air
filter plate
mixing chamber
air conditioning
water
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2015/090300
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
孙学德
李革萍
简夕忠
闫旭东
程湛
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Commercial Aircraft Corp of China Ltd
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Commercial Aircraft Corp of China Ltd
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Application filed by Commercial Aircraft Corp of China Ltd filed Critical Commercial Aircraft Corp of China Ltd
Priority to EP15844501.5A priority Critical patent/EP3130863B1/en
Priority to US15/310,029 priority patent/US10773809B2/en
Publication of WO2016045582A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016045582A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D13/00—Arrangements or adaptations of air-treatment apparatus for aircraft crew or passengers, or freight space
    • B64D13/06—Arrangements or adaptations of air-treatment apparatus for aircraft crew or passengers, or freight space the air being conditioned
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/0027—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with additional separating or treating functions
    • B01D46/003—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with additional separating or treating functions including coalescing means for the separation of liquid
    • B01D46/0031—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with additional separating or treating functions including coalescing means for the separation of liquid with collecting, draining means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/10—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using filter plates, sheets or pads having plane surfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/42—Auxiliary equipment or operation thereof
    • B01D46/44—Auxiliary equipment or operation thereof controlling filtration
    • B01D46/46—Auxiliary equipment or operation thereof controlling filtration automatic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D13/00—Arrangements or adaptations of air-treatment apparatus for aircraft crew or passengers, or freight space
    • B64D13/02—Arrangements or adaptations of air-treatment apparatus for aircraft crew or passengers, or freight space the air being pressurised
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D22/00—Control of humidity
    • G05D22/02—Control of humidity characterised by the use of electric means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2277/00—Filters specially adapted for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours characterised by the position of the filter in relation to the gas stream
    • B01D2277/20—Inclined, i.e. forming an angle of between 0° and 90°
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2279/00—Filters adapted for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours specially modified for specific uses
    • B01D2279/50—Filters adapted for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours specially modified for specific uses for air conditioning
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D13/00—Arrangements or adaptations of air-treatment apparatus for aircraft crew or passengers, or freight space
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D13/00—Arrangements or adaptations of air-treatment apparatus for aircraft crew or passengers, or freight space
    • B64D13/06—Arrangements or adaptations of air-treatment apparatus for aircraft crew or passengers, or freight space the air being conditioned
    • B64D2013/0603—Environmental Control Systems
    • B64D2013/0648—Environmental Control Systems with energy recovery means, e.g. using turbines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D13/00—Arrangements or adaptations of air-treatment apparatus for aircraft crew or passengers, or freight space
    • B64D13/06—Arrangements or adaptations of air-treatment apparatus for aircraft crew or passengers, or freight space the air being conditioned
    • B64D2013/0603—Environmental Control Systems
    • B64D2013/0662—Environmental Control Systems with humidity control
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D13/00—Arrangements or adaptations of air-treatment apparatus for aircraft crew or passengers, or freight space
    • B64D13/06—Arrangements or adaptations of air-treatment apparatus for aircraft crew or passengers, or freight space the air being conditioned
    • B64D2013/0603—Environmental Control Systems
    • B64D2013/0688—Environmental Control Systems with means for recirculating cabin air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
    • F24F13/02—Ducting arrangements
    • F24F13/04—Air-mixing units
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
    • F24F3/14—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
    • F24F3/1411—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification by absorbing or adsorbing water, e.g. using an hygroscopic desiccant
    • F24F3/1423—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification by absorbing or adsorbing water, e.g. using an hygroscopic desiccant with a moving bed of solid desiccants, e.g. a rotary wheel supporting solid desiccants
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
    • Y02T50/50—On board measures aiming to increase energy efficiency
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/0318—Processes
    • Y10T137/0324—With control of flow by a condition or characteristic of a fluid
    • Y10T137/0329—Mixing of plural fluids of diverse characteristics or conditions
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/8593—Systems
    • Y10T137/87571—Multiple inlet with single outlet

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a water removal device for an aircraft air conditioning system.
  • the basic function of the aircraft air conditioning system is to adjust the air and air of the air from the outside atmosphere to the cockpit through the air conditioning duct.
  • the external atmosphere has a relatively high humidity.
  • the air temperature is lowered and the relative humidity is increased.
  • the relative humidity of the air reaches 100%, liquid water will exist in the air. Further, when the liquid water in the air-conditioned air reaches a certain concentration, it will enter the cabin with the air-conditioning distribution pipe to form "in-cabin rain”. .
  • the atmospheric moisture content reaches 19g/kg dry air in July, and the dew point temperature corresponding to this humidity is 23.5°C, that is, the absolute humidity of the outside air is constant and the temperature is lowered. At 23.5 ° C, liquid water will be released from the air, which is the liquid water in the air.
  • the humidity in the cabin is large, the humidity of the recirculating air is also large, and the temperature of the recirculating air is high, so that the moisture in the recirculating air exists in a gaseous state before entering the mixing chamber.
  • the recirculated air enters the mixing chamber, it mixes with fresh air conditioning air from the air conditioning unit and the temperature drops rapidly.
  • the temperature is lower than the dew point temperature of the mixed air, the moisture in the mixed air is converted from a gaseous state to a liquid state.
  • the liquid water in the air forms ice particles, so that the condenser downstream of the refrigeration unit of the air conditioning system is blocked by ice.
  • the current three-wheel refrigeration unit cannot reduce the air temperature at the outlet of the air conditioning unit too low.
  • the three-wheel air conditioning unit is high pressure
  • the water removal efficiency has been improved relative to earlier air conditioning components, but since the three-wheel air conditioning unit is affected by the condenser ice block, the moisture in the air conditioning air cannot be removed. Therefore, in the case of a large outside air humidity (such as the hot weather on the ground), there is always liquid water or even ice in the air-conditioned air passing through the air-conditioning unit.
  • the water removal efficiency of the currently updated all-electric air conditioning unit is also limited by the air pressure conditions and the efficiency of the water eliminator, and cannot effectively remove the moisture in the air of the air conditioning unit.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing a water removal mechanism of a three-wheel air conditioning system in the prior art.
  • a water separator is added between the condenser of the air conditioning unit and the regenerator, which mechanically increases the momentum of the water droplets to remove free water droplets in the air.
  • the moisture in the air does not precipitate as free water droplets.
  • the excess water in the air will further form free water droplets after the air passes through the turbine, and the free water droplets formed by the free water droplets passing through the turbine will usually follow Air enters the cockpit to reduce the comfort of the occupant's occupants, which can also cause corrosion of the fuselage structure or increase the failure rate of electrical equipment in the cabin.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic view showing a water removal mechanism of a four-wheel air conditioning system in the prior art. Similar to Fig. 1, the four-wheel air conditioning system of Fig. 2 also incorporates a water separator between the condenser and the regenerator of the air conditioning unit for removing free water droplets from the air. However, although the water removal efficiency of the four-wheel air conditioning system is slightly higher than that of the three-wheel air conditioning system, the liquid water regenerated in the mixing chamber cannot be removed.
  • the present invention proposes a scheme for improving the comfort of a cabin by further dewatering the air-conditioned air before the air-conditioning air enters the cabin downstream of the air-conditioning module to adjust the water content in the air-conditioned air entering the cabin.
  • the present invention further removes liquid water in the air-conditioned air by adding a water removal facility (such as a filter plate) in the mixing chamber.
  • a water removal facility such as a filter plate
  • a water removal device for an aircraft air conditioning system comprising: one or more filter plates located in a mixing chamber of an aircraft air conditioning system for use in a mixed air passing through a mixing chamber The liquid water is filtered, wherein the filter plate is configured to be tiltable with respect to the axis of the mixing chamber, and the angle of inclination thereof is adjustable to change the amount of filtration of the mixed air by the filter plate.
  • the water removal device further includes: one or more humidity sensors configured to sense a content of air-conditioning air or liquid water in the mixed air, and a controller configured to receive the humidity The amount of liquid water sensed by the sensor is compared to a predetermined threshold to generate a filter plate adjustment signal for adjusting the angle of inclination of the filter plate.
  • the water removal device further includes: one or more filter plate adjustment drivers, each filter plate adjustment driver coupled to the corresponding filter plate for adjusting the filter according to the filter plate adjustment signal from the controller The angle of inclination of the board.
  • one or more humidity sensors are located downstream of the water separator of the air conditioning assembly, at the outlet of the air conditioning air from the air conditioning assembly, and/or at the inlet and outlet of the mixing chamber.
  • the water removal device further includes a drain pipe located at the bottom of the mixing chamber for discharging the liquid water filtered by the filter plate out of the mixing chamber.
  • the water removal device further includes: a pressure sensor located at an outlet of the mixing chamber for sensing air pressure at an outlet of the mixing chamber, and wherein the controller receives air sensed by the pressure sensor The pressure value, and when it is determined that the air pressure value is decreasing, generates a fan control signal to increase the rotational speed of the recirculating fan.
  • the deficiencies of the water eliminator in the air conditioning component in the aircraft air conditioning system are compensated, the water removal efficiency is improved, the temperature uniformity of the air conditioning air is enhanced, and the liquid water is effectively prevented from entering the cockpit and the cabin, thereby improving The comfort of the crew and passengers.
  • the rotational speed of the recirculating fan improves the uniformity of the air supply air temperature and improves the comfort of the crew and passengers.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a water removal mechanism of a three-wheel air conditioning system in the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing a water removal mechanism of a four-wheel air conditioning system in the prior art
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic view of a water removal device for an aircraft air conditioning system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the operation principle of a water removal device for an aircraft air conditioning system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of a water removal device 10 for an aircraft air conditioning system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of the operating principle of the water removal device 10 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the water removal device 10 can be implemented, for example, in a mixing chamber (shown in Figures 1 and 2) of an aircraft air conditioning system for mixing air conditioning air from the air conditioning assembly with recirculated air from the recirculation assembly and Mix the mixed air into the cockpit and cabin.
  • the water removal device 10 comprises one or more filter plates 2, which are located in the mixing chamber and in which the mixed air enters the passage of the cabin for the liquid water in the mixed air passing through the mixing chamber.
  • Filter plate 2 can be configured to be comparable to mixing
  • the axis of the chamber is inclined and its angle of inclination can be adjusted to vary the amount of filtration of the mixed air by the filter plate.
  • the angle of inclination of the filter plate 2 refers to the angle between the filter plate 2 and the axis of the mixing chamber.
  • the definition of the tilt angle is not limited thereto, but may have other definitions.
  • the inclination angle may be defined as the angle between the filter plate 2 and the bottom plate of the mixing chamber, in which case the portion regarding the inclination angle adjustment in the following description needs to be reversely performed.
  • the filter plate 2 can be realized using any currently known or future designed physical or chemical means capable of filtering liquid water in the air while at the same time ensuring the air flow rate.
  • the filter plate 2 is physically dewatered to avoid inconvenience caused by replacing the filter plate.
  • the water removal device 10 further includes one or more humidity sensors 4 arranged to sense the content of the air-conditioning air or the liquid water in the mixed air, and to transmit the sensed amount of liquid water to the controller 5.
  • the humidity sensor 4 may be located downstream of the water separator of the air conditioning unit, at the outlet of the air conditioning air from the air conditioning unit, and/or at the inlet and outlet of the mixing chamber for sensing the liquid water content of the air at the corresponding location .
  • the present invention is not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art can understand that the humidity sensor 4 can be located in any position in the aircraft air conditioning system capable of sensing the liquid water content in the air conditioning air and/or the recirculating air (or mixed air). At the office.
  • the humidity sensor 4 can also be implemented at the bottom plate of the mixing chamber.
  • the water sensor can be used to implement the humidity sensor 4 for detecting the filtered by the filter plate 2 and concentrating at the bottom plate of the mixing chamber.
  • the amount of water detected in this way can also indirectly indicate the amount of liquid water in the air.
  • the controller 5 is configured to receive the amount of liquid water sensed by the humidity sensor 4, compare the content to a predetermined threshold to generate a filter plate adjustment signal for adjusting the tilt angle of the filter plate.
  • the predetermined threshold value refers to an upper limit value of the air humidity in the cabin that can be accepted under the condition of ensuring the comfort of the cabin.
  • the controller 5 When the content of the liquid water sensed by the humidity sensor 4 is greater than the predetermined threshold, it indicates that the mixed air entering the cabin needs to be further dehydrated to ensure Cockpit comfort.
  • the controller 5 generates a corresponding filter plate adjustment signal to indicate the tilt angle of the large filter plate 2.
  • the controller 5 when the content of the liquid water sensed by the humidity sensor 4 is low (for example, when the aircraft is in a cruise state), the controller 5 generates a corresponding filter plate adjustment signal to indicate the small filter plate 2 The angle of inclination.
  • the water removal device 10 further comprises one or more filter plate adjustment drives 1, each filter plate adjustment drive 1 being coupled to a corresponding filter plate 2 for adjusting the filter plate 2 in accordance with a filter plate adjustment signal from the controller 5. slope.
  • the change in the inclination angle of the filter plate 2 will change the amount of the mixed air filtration amount, thereby changing the degree of filtration of the liquid water in the mixed air.
  • the liquid water filtered by the filter plate 2 is concentrated at the bottom of the mixing chamber.
  • the water removal device 10 may further include a drain pipe 7 at the bottom of the mixing chamber for discharging the liquid water filtered by the filter plate 2 out of the mixing chamber to achieve the purpose of drainage.
  • the discharged liquid water can be further discharged to the outside of the cabin through the drainage system of the aircraft.
  • the filter plate adjustment driver 1 adjusts the inclination angle of the filter plate 2
  • the amount of filtration of the mixed air in the mixing chamber is increased, so that the air flow resistance is increased.
  • the pressure at the outlet of the mixing chamber is lowered, and the downstream supply air pressure and air supply speed are affected.
  • the water removal device 10 may further comprise a pressure sensor 6 located at the outlet of the mixing chamber for sensing the air pressure at the outlet of the mixing chamber and transmitting the sensed air pressure value to the controller 5.
  • a pressure sensor 6 located at the outlet of the mixing chamber for sensing the air pressure at the outlet of the mixing chamber and transmitting the sensed air pressure value to the controller 5.
  • the controller 5 determines that the received air pressure value from the pressure sensor 6 is reduced, a corresponding fan control signal is generated for increasing the rotational speed of the recirculating fan 3.
  • the recirculation fan 3 is part of the recirculation assembly of the aircraft for feeding air passing through the recirculation filter into the mixing chamber for redistribution into the cabin through the mixing chamber together with the conditioned air from the air conditioning assembly.
  • the controller 5 can generate a corresponding adjustment signal to adjust the tilt angle of the filter plate 2 to Small angle, reduce the filter plate to the mixed air The amount of filtration is reduced while reducing the rotational speed of the recirculating fan 3 to a level that satisfies the outlet pressure of the mixing chamber.
  • the liquid water and ice in the air-conditioned air can be effectively removed, and at the same time, can be improved.
  • the effect of mixing recycled air with fresh air can be improved.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于飞机空调系统的除水装置（10），包括：一个或多个滤板（2），位于飞机空调系统的混合腔中，用于对通过混合腔的混合空气中的液态水进行过滤，滤板（2）被配置为可以相对于混合腔的轴倾斜，并且其倾斜角度可调整以改变混合空气过滤量的大小。

Description

用于飞机空调系统的除水装置 技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于飞机空调系统的除水装置。
背景技术
飞机空调系统的基本功能是将来自外界大气的空气经过空调组件的处理后，调节成座舱需要的温度、湿度适宜的空调空气，这些空调空气经由空调管道分配到座舱内。
商用飞机通常运营范围广，使用环境特殊，其外部环境变化较大，因此在某些地区或某些地区的热天工况下，外部大气的湿度较大。这些湿度较大的外部空气经过飞机空调系统的制冷组件的降温处理后，空气温度降低而相对湿度增大。当空气的相对湿度达到100％时，空气中就会有液态水存在，进一步地，当空调空气中的液态水达到一定浓度时，就会随空调分配管道进入舱内，形成“舱内雨”。
例如，在温度和湿度通常都较高的海南三亚地区，7月份大气含湿量达到19g/kg干空气，该湿度对应的露点温度是23.5℃，即外界的空气绝对湿度不变、温度降低到23.5℃时，空气中就会有液态水析出，这就是空气中的液态水。
另一方面，当舱内湿度较大时，再循环空气的湿度也会较大，而再循环空气的温度较高，这使得再循环空气中的水分在进入混合腔之前以气态的形式存在。当再循环空气进入混合腔后，与来自空调组件的新鲜空调空气混合，温度迅速降低。当该温度低于混合空气的露点温度时，混合空气中的水分就会由气态转变成液态。
进一步地，当空气温度低于0℃时，空气中的液态水会形成冰粒，从而使空调系统制冷组件下游的冷凝器发生冰堵。
为有效地防止冰堵现象的发生，目前的三轮式制冷组件都不能把空调组件出口的空气温度降的过低。虽然三轮式空调组件是高压 除水，除水效率相对于早期的空调组件已有所提高，但是由于三轮式空调组件受冷凝器冰堵的影响，并不能把空调空气中的水分都除去。因此，在外界空气湿度较大的工况下(如地面热天时)，经过空调组件的空调空气中总是还有液态水，甚至冰。目前更新型的全电式空调组件的除水效率也会受到空气压力条件和除水器的效率限制而不能有效除去空调组件空气中的水分。
这些未被及时除去的液态水或冰经常会顺着空调管道进入驾驶舱和客舱内，机组人员和乘客会感觉到舱内滴水现象，从而降低座舱的舒适度。
图1示出了现有技术中的三轮式空调系统的除水机制的示意图。如图1中所示，在空调组件的冷凝器和回热器之间加装水分离器，该水分离器利用机械的方式增加水滴的动量，将空气中的游离水滴除去。然而，受空气温度限制，空气中的水分并不都析出成游离水滴，空气中多余的水分会在空气经过涡轮后进一步形成游离水滴，而这部分游离水滴经过涡轮后形成的游离水滴通常会随着空气进入座舱内，降低座舱乘员的舒适性，同时也会造成机身结构腐蚀，或增大舱内电器设备的故障率。
图2示出了现有技术中的四轮式空调系统的除水机制的示意图。与图1中类似，图2中的四轮式空调系统也在空调组件的冷凝器和回热器之间加装了水分离器用于去除空气中的游离水滴。然而，虽然这种四轮式空调系统的除水效率略高于三轮式空调系统，但仍无法除去混合腔内再生的液态水。
因此，上述空调系统都无法有效控制进入座舱的空气中的液态水含量。
发明内容
针对上述问题，本发明提出了一种通过在空调组件的下游，在空调空气进入座舱之前对空调空气进行进一步除水处理，以调节进入座舱的空调空气中的水含量从而提高座舱舒适度的方案。
具体而言，本发明通过在混合腔内加装除水设施(如滤板)，进一步去除了空调空气中的液态水。
根据本发明的一个方面，提供了一种用于飞机空调系统的除水装置，包括：一个或多个滤板，位于飞机空调系统的混合腔中，用于对通过混合腔的混合空气中的液态水进行过滤，其中该滤板被配置为可以相对于该混合腔的轴倾斜，并且其倾斜角度可调整以改变滤板对混合空气的过滤量。
在一种实现中，该除水装置还包括：一个或多个湿度传感器，其被配置为用于感测空调空气或者混合空气中的液态水的含量，以及控制器，其被配置为接收湿度传感器感测到的液态水的含量，将该含量与预定阈值进行比较，以生成滤板调节信号，该滤板调节信号用于调节所述滤板的倾斜角度。
在一种实现中，该除水装置还包括：一个或多个滤板调节驱动器，每个滤板调节驱动器耦接到对应的滤板，用于根据来自控制器的滤板调节信号，调节滤板的倾斜角度。
在一种实现中，一个或多个湿度传感器位于空调组件的水分离器的下游，来自空调组件的空调空气的出口处，和/或所述混合腔的入口和出口处。
在一种实现中，该除水装置还包括：排水管，其位于混合腔的底部，用于将滤板过滤掉的液态水排出混合腔。
在一种实现中，该除水装置进一步包括：压力传感器，其位于混合腔的出口处，用于感测混合腔的出口处的空气压力，并且其中该控制器接收压力传感器所感测到的空气压力值，并且当确定空气压力值减小时，生成风扇控制信号，以提高再循环风扇的转速。
利用本发明的方案，弥补了飞机空调系统中的空调组件中的除水器的不足，提高了除水效率，同时增强了空调空气的温度均匀性，有效防止液态水进入驾驶舱和客舱，提高了机组人员和乘客的舒适度。
进一步地，通过调节再循环风扇的转速，提高了再循环空气和 新鲜空气的混合效率，改善了空调送风温度的均匀性，提高了机组人员和乘客的舒适度。
附图说明
通过参考附图所给出的本发明的具体实施方式的描述之后，将更好地理解本发明，并且本发明的其他目的、细节、特点和优点将变得更加显而易见。在附图中：
图1示出了现有技术中的三轮式空调系统的除水机制的示意图；
图2示出了现有技术中的四轮式空调系统的除水机制的示意图；
图3示出了根据本发明一种实施方式的用于飞机空调系统的除水装置的示意图；
图4示出了根据本发明实施方式的用于飞机空调系统的除水装置的运行原理的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将参照附图更详细地描述本发明的优选实施方式。虽然附图中显示了本发明的优选实施方式，然而应该理解，可以以各种形式实现本发明而不应被这里阐述的实施方式所限制。相反，提供这些实施方式是为了使本发明更加透彻和完整，并且能够将本发明的范围完整的传达给本领域的技术人员。
图3示出了根据本发明一种实施方式的用于飞机空调系统的除水装置10的示意图。图4示出了根据本发明实施方式的除水装置10的运行原理的示意图。除水装置10例如可以实现在飞机空调系统的混合腔(如图1、图2中所示)中，该混合腔用于将来自空调组件的空调空气和来自再循环组件的再循环空气混合并将混合空气送入驾驶舱和客舱中。
如图3中所示，除水装置10包括一个或多个滤板2，滤板2位于混合腔中、混合空气进入座舱的通路中，用于对通过混合腔的混合空气中的液态水进行过滤。滤板2可以被配置为可以相对于混合 腔的轴倾斜，并且其倾斜角度可以调整以改变滤板对混合空气的过滤量。
在本文的描述中，滤板2的倾斜角度是指滤板2与混合腔的轴线之间的夹角。然而，本领域技术人员可以理解，倾斜角度的定义并不局限于此，而是可以有其他的定义。例如，可以将倾斜角度定义为滤板2与混合腔的底板之间的夹角，在这种情况下，以下描述中关于倾斜角度调节的部分需要相反地执行。
滤板2可以使用任何当前已知或未来设计的能够过滤空气中的液态水、同时又能保证空气流速的物理或化学方式实现。优选地，滤板2采用物理方式进行除水，以避免更换滤板造成的不便。
除水装置10还包括一个或多个湿度传感器4，其被设置为用于感测空调空气或者混合空气中的液态水的含量，并且将感测到的液态水的含量发送给控制器5。
例如，湿度传感器4可以位于空调组件的水分离器的下游，来自空调组件的空调空气的出口处，和/或混合腔入口和出口处，用于感测相应位置处的空气中的液态水含量。然而，本发明并不局限于此，本领域技术人员可以理解，湿度传感器4可以位于飞机空调系统中任意能够感测空调空气和/或再循环空气(或者混合空气)中的液态水含量的位置处。
在一种实现中，还可以将湿度传感器4实现在混合腔的底板处，此时可以使用水量探测器来实现湿度传感器4，用于探测被滤板2过滤的、汇聚在混合腔的底板处的水量。通过这种方式所探测到的水量也能够间接指示空气中的液态水的含量。
控制器5被配置为接收湿度传感器4感测到的液态水的含量，将该含量与预定阈值进行比较，以生成滤板调节信号，用于调节滤板的倾斜角度。
这里，预定阈值是指在保证座舱舒适度情况下所能接受的座舱内空气湿度的上限值。当湿度传感器4感测到的液态水的含量大于该预定阈值时，表示需要对进入座舱的混合空气进一步除水，以保 证座舱舒适度。在这种情况下，控制器5生成相应的滤板调节信号，以指示调大滤板2的倾斜角度。
在另一种情况下，当湿度传感器4感测到的液态水的含量较低时(例如当飞机处于巡航状态时)，控制器5生成相应的滤板调节信号，以指示调小滤板2的倾斜角度。
除水装置10还包括一个或多个滤板调节驱动器1，每个滤板调节驱动器1耦接到对应的滤板2，用于根据来自控制器5的滤板调节信号，调节滤板2的倾斜角度。滤板2的倾斜角度的改变将改变混合空气过滤量的大小，从而改变对混合空气中的液态水的过滤程度。
滤板2过滤掉的液态水在混合腔底部汇聚。除水装置10还可以包括排水管7，其位于混合腔的底部，用于将滤板2过滤掉的液态水排出混合腔，从而达到排水的目的。所排出的液态水可以进一步通过飞机的排水系统排至舱外。
在一种实现中，当滤板2的倾斜角度较大时(例如由于温度传感器4感测到的液态水的含量大于预定阈值，滤板调节驱动器1调大滤板2的倾斜角度时)，混合腔内的混合空气的过滤量增大，从而空气流阻增大。在这种情况下，混合腔出口处的压力降低，下游的送风压力和送风速度受到影响。
为此，除水装置10还可以包括压力传感器6，其位于混合腔的出口处，用于感测混合腔的出口处的空气压力，并将感测到的空气压力值传送给控制器5。
当控制器5确定接收到的来自压力传感器6的空气压力值减小时，生成相应的风扇控制信号，用于提高再循环风扇3的转速。这里，再循环风扇3是飞机的再循环组件的一部分，用于将通过再循环过滤器的空气送入混合腔，以与来自空调组件的空调空气一起通过混合腔重新分配到座舱中。
另一方面，当湿度传感器4感测到的液态水的含量较低时(例如当飞机处于巡航状态时)，控制器5可以生成相应的调节信号，以将滤板2的倾斜角度调节到较小的角度，减小滤板对混合空气的 过滤量，同时将再循环风扇3的转速降低至满足混合腔的出口压力的水平。
利用根据本发明的上述除水装置，通过实时地根据混合空气中液态水的含量驱动滤板调节驱动器来改变滤板的倾斜角度，能够有效去除空调空气中的液态水和冰，同时又能改善再循环空气与新鲜空气的混合效果。
进一步地，在本发明中，还能够通过实时调节再循环风扇的转速，弥补由于滤板倾斜角度变大而造成的混合腔出口压力下降，从而改善了空调送风的温度均匀性，进一步提高了乘坐舒适度。
本领域普通技术人员还应当理解，结合本申请的实施例描述的各种示例性的逻辑块、模块、电路和算法步骤可以实现成电子硬件、计算机软件或二者的组合。为了清楚地表示硬件和软件之间的这种可互换性，上文对各种示例性的部件、块、模块、电路和步骤均围绕其功能进行了一般性描述。至于这种功能是实现成硬件还是实现成软件，取决于特定的应用和施加在整个系统上的设计约束条件。本领域技术人员可以针对每种特定应用，以变通的方式实现所描述的功能，但是，这种实现决策不应解释为背离本发明的保护范围。
本公开的以上描述用于使本领域的任何普通技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对于本领域普通技术人员来说，本公开的各种修改都是显而易见的，并且本文定义的一般性原理也可以在不脱离本发明的精神和保护范围的情况下应用于其它变形。因此，本发明并不限于本文所述的实例和设计，而是与本文公开的原理和新颖性特性的最广范围相一致。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种用于飞机空调系统的除水装置，包括、
    一个或多个滤板，位于所述飞机空调系统的混合腔中，用于对通过混合腔的混合空气中的液态水进行过滤，其中所述滤板被配置为可以相对于所述混合腔的轴倾斜，并且其倾斜角度可调整以改变混合空气过滤量的大小。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的除水装置，还包括：
    一个或多个湿度传感器，其被配置为用于感测空调空气或者混合空气中的液态水的含量，以及
    控制器，其被配置为接收所述湿度传感器感测到的液态水的含量，将该含量与预定阈值进行比较，以生成滤板调节信号，所述滤板调节信号用于调节所述滤板的倾斜角度。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的除水装置，还包括：
    一个或多个滤板调节驱动器，每个所述滤板调节驱动器耦接到对应的滤板，用于根据来自所述控制器的滤板调节信号，调节所述滤板的倾斜角度。
  4. 如权利要求2所述的除水装置，其中所述一个或多个湿度传感器位于空调组件的水分离器的下游，来自空调组件的空调空气的出口处，和/或所述混合腔的入口和出口处。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的除水装置，还包括：
    排水管，其位于所述混合腔的底部，用于将所述滤板过滤掉的液态水排出所述混合腔。
  6. 如权利要求2所述的除水装置，进一步包括：
    压力传感器，其位于所述混合腔的出口处，用于感测所述混合腔的出口处的空气压力，并且
    其中所述控制器接收所述压力传感器所感测到的空气压力值，并且当确定所述空气压力值减小时，生成风扇控制信号，以调节再循环风扇的转速。
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