WO2016058392A1 - 一种基于软件定义网络实现内容分发网络的方法及系统 - Google Patents

一种基于软件定义网络实现内容分发网络的方法及系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016058392A1
WO2016058392A1 PCT/CN2015/080795 CN2015080795W WO2016058392A1 WO 2016058392 A1 WO2016058392 A1 WO 2016058392A1 CN 2015080795 W CN2015080795 W CN 2015080795W WO 2016058392 A1 WO2016058392 A1 WO 2016058392A1
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content
cdn
application
sdn
network
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English (en)
French (fr)
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王东
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ZTE Corp
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ZTE Corp
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Priority to US15/518,772 priority Critical patent/US10693791B2/en
Priority to EP15851055.2A priority patent/EP3208979B1/en
Priority to KR1020177012371A priority patent/KR101987784B1/ko
Priority to JP2017519527A priority patent/JP6562570B2/ja
Publication of WO2016058392A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016058392A1/zh
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
    • H04L47/12—Avoiding congestion; Recovering from congestion
    • H04L47/125—Avoiding congestion; Recovering from congestion by balancing the load, e.g. traffic engineering
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
    • H04L41/08—Configuration management of networks or network elements
    • H04L41/0803—Configuration setting
    • H04L41/084—Configuration by using pre-existing information, e.g. using templates or copying from other elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/54—Organization of routing tables
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/74—Address processing for routing
    • H04L45/745—Address table lookup; Address filtering
    • H04L45/74591—Address table lookup; Address filtering using content-addressable memories [CAM]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
    • H04L47/20—Traffic policing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
    • H04L47/30—Flow control; Congestion control in combination with information about buffer occupancy at either end or at transit nodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/70—Admission control; Resource allocation
    • H04L47/72—Admission control; Resource allocation using reservation actions during connection setup
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/70—Admission control; Resource allocation
    • H04L47/80—Actions related to the user profile or the type of traffic
    • H04L47/803—Application aware
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/70—Admission control; Resource allocation
    • H04L47/83—Admission control; Resource allocation based on usage prediction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L49/00—Packet switching elements
    • H04L49/60—Software-defined switches

Definitions

  • This paper relates to content distribution technology, especially a method and system for implementing a content distribution network (CDN) based on software-defined network (SDN) in tightly coupled mode.
  • CDN content distribution network
  • SDN software-defined network
  • SDN is a new network technology emerging in recent years. Its main features are control and forwarding separation, network open programmable, and software and hardware separation. SDN enables traditional communication network devices to be freed from proprietary hardware binding, to the direction of custom software based on common hardware platforms, and to realize network function virtualization, network management simplification and network deployment automation through an open programming interface. Therefore, compared with the traditional network function implementation and engineering implementation, equipment cost, labor cost and deployment time are greatly saved. According to the architecture hierarchy, SDN is basically divided into three levels from top to bottom: application layer, control layer and data layer.
  • the application layer of SDN currently defined is mainly positioned to provide high-level abstraction of network applications and network service orchestration.
  • the SDN application layer can perform network resource application and service orchestration according to user application request--the SDN application layer provides application programming interface (API, Application Programming) through external representation and state transfer (REST, Representational State Transfer). Interface) call (Arctic interface) to implement customized application functions for external customers to achieve virtualized network application
  • API Application programming interface
  • REST Representational State Transfer
  • Interface Application programming interface
  • the SDN application layer provides a network API interface call (Northbound interface) with the SDN controller through REST, and performs resource application to the SDN control layer to implement the virtualized network service function.
  • CDN Compared with SDN, CDN is a relatively mature technology used to provide distribution and acceleration of media content such as web pages and videos for Internet or telecom private networks. Its main feature is to multi-level cache media content for users. Provide the nearest service to provide users with a better quality of experience.
  • the functions of the CDN mainly include two parts: content distribution and content delivery.
  • the basic functions include content distribution/delivery, scheduling/control, storage/cache, and media services.
  • the basic functions include content distribution/delivery, scheduling/control, storage/cache, and media services.
  • the ITU-T, ETSI, 3GPP, IETF and other international standards organizations and CCSA and other industry standards organizations have CDN related definitions and standard specifications for carrying IP network protocol television (IPTV), cable network television (CATV), Internet TV (OTT TV) and mobile streaming media.
  • IPTV IP network protocol television
  • CATV cable network television
  • OTT TV Internet TV
  • mobile streaming media mobile streaming media.
  • CDN As the service network must exist as an overlay and adhere to the ability of the underlying bearer network; at the same time, the server, storage/cache required by the CDN solution And media service Servers use proprietary hardware (such as blade servers/ATCA architecture servers, etc.), which are highly dependent on the hardware architecture and have no versatility; in addition, CDNs have higher network performance requirements (such as network bandwidth).
  • the embodiment of the invention provides a method and a system for implementing a CDN based on SDN, which can effectively solve the problem of the closedness of the bearer network, the specificity of the hardware, and the complexity of management faced by the CDN.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for implementing a CDN based on an SDN, including:
  • the SDN application layer Upon receiving the application for the CDN application, the SDN application layer generates resource requirements and service scheduling information according to the CDN application application, and sends a reservation application for the resources required by the CDN application to the SDN control layer according to the generated resource requirements and service scheduling information;
  • the SDN control layer allocates resources required for the CDN application, and combines the network load balancing and the path policy to generate a content routing table for data transmission, and generates a data link layer L2 and a network layer L3 forwarding table according to the content routing table. Send to the SDN data forwarding layer;
  • the forwarding table invokes relevant content from the network entity resource of the CDN to perform related operations of the CDN service.
  • the SDN control layer allocates resources required by the CDN application, and combines the network load balancing and the path policy to generate a content routing table for performing data transmission, including:
  • the SDN control layer allocates the resources required for the CDN application.
  • a content routing table for data transmission in the content delivery phase is generated according to the network load balancing and the path policy of content delivery.
  • the SDN data forwarding layer invokes related content from the network entity resource of the CDN to perform related operations of the CDN service, including:
  • the SDN data forwarding layer invokes related content from the network entity resource of the CDN to perform content distribution, content caching, and content delivery operations of the CDN service, where:
  • the performing the content distribution of the CDN service includes: receiving the content distribution request, extracting the content stored in the content storage node according to the preset distribution policy, and injecting the content into the content distribution node of the CDN network;
  • the operation of performing content caching of the CDN service includes: receiving content of the content distribution node for caching; and pre-caching content accessed by the user terminal in a content caching node of the CDN network according to the caching policy, to quickly provide hot content to the content Used by neighboring content delivery nodes and user terminals;
  • the operation of performing content delivery of the CDN service includes: extracting content in the content caching node according to the content delivery request, providing content streaming to the content delivery node of the CDN network, and transmitting the content to the user terminal.
  • the method when receiving the application for the CDN application, the method further includes: the SDN application layer registers by using the CDN application to obtain the required engine support information;
  • the method further includes:
  • the SDN application layer receives the content distribution request according to a preset content distribution policy. Determining a content storage node of the content to be extracted, and determining a content distribution node to be injected and a resource requirement required to execute the content distribution request; determining a content cache node to be injected according to a cache policy and performing the content distribution request Resource requirements; the SDN application layer forwards the content distribution request, and the determined content cache node to be injected and resource requirements required to execute the content distribution request to the SDN data forwarding via the SDN control layer Floor;
  • the SDN application layer determines the content cache node of the content to be extracted and the resource requirement required to execute the content delivery request; determines the content delivery node to provide the media service and the resources required to execute the content delivery request. The SDN application layer forwards the content delivery request, and the determined content delivery node of the media service to be provided and the resource requirement required to execute the content delivery request, to the SDN data forwarding layer via the SDN control layer .
  • the method further includes: the SDN application layer determining, according to the access information defined in the service chain, the required resources for the allocated CDN application and the access sequence of the engine required by the scheduling. And perform related operations.
  • the method further includes: the SDN application layer applies the allocated CDN application to the CDN application.
  • the required resources and the required engines for scheduling are billed.
  • the method further includes: determining, by the SDN control layer, load balancing of content distribution and content delivery by using network load balancing, service load balancing, and content load balancing.
  • the SDN control layer determines load balancing of content distribution and content delivery by using network load balancing, service load balancing, and content load balancing, including:
  • the network path of the content distribution is determined, and the network path of the content delivery is determined according to the network load balancing and content load balancing of the content delivery process.
  • the embodiment of the invention further provides a content distribution network based on software defined network SDN
  • the CDN system adds a network entity resource of the CDN to the data forwarding layer of the SDN, including: an application function unit, a control unit, and a data forwarding unit, where
  • the application function unit is located at the SDN application layer, and is configured to generate a resource requirement and service scheduling information according to the CDN application application when the CDN application application is received, and send the CDN application to the control unit according to the resource requirement and the service scheduling information.
  • the control unit is located at the SDN control layer, and is configured to allocate resources required for the CDN application according to the reservation request, and combine the network load balancing and the path policy to generate a content routing table for data transmission, and generate a data link according to the content routing table.
  • Layer L2 and network layer L3 forwarding table are sent to the data forwarding unit;
  • the data forwarding unit is located at the SDN data forwarding layer, and is configured to, when receiving the content distribution request and the content delivery request, perform related operations of the CDN service by calling related content from the network entity resource of the CDN according to the L2 and L3 forwarding tables.
  • control unit is configured to: allocate resources required for the CDN application according to the reservation request; generate a content routing table for data transmission in the content distribution phase according to the network load balancing and the path policy of the content distribution; and combine according to network load balancing
  • the path policy for content delivery generates a content routing table for data transmission in the content delivery phase; generates L2 and L3 forwarding tables according to the content routing table, and sends the data to the data forwarding unit.
  • the network entity resource of the CDN includes one or more of the following resources:
  • Forwarding switches forwarding routers, forwarding gateways, content storage servers, content distribution servers, content caching servers, content delivery servers, and other custom devices that support the SDN forwarding protocol.
  • the data forwarding unit is configured to, when receiving the content distribution request and the content delivery request, perform content distribution and content of the CDN service by calling related content from the network entity resource of the CDN according to the L2 and L3 forwarding tables.
  • Caching, content delivery operations where:
  • the performing the content distribution of the CDN service includes: receiving the content distribution request, extracting the content stored in the content storage node according to the preset distribution policy, and injecting the content into the content distribution node of the CDN network;
  • the operation of performing content caching of the CDN service includes: receiving content of the content distribution node into Row cache; according to the cache policy, the content accessed by the user terminal is pre-cached in the content cache node of the CDN network to quickly provide the hot content to the neighboring content delivery node and the user terminal;
  • the operation of performing content delivery of the CDN service includes: extracting content in the content caching node according to the content delivery request, providing content streaming to the content delivery node of the CDN network, and transmitting the content to the user terminal.
  • the application function unit is further configured to: when receiving the CDN application application, register by using the CDN application to obtain the required engine support information;
  • the application unit is further configured to
  • the control unit Upon receiving the content distribution request, determining a content storage node of the content to be extracted according to a preset content distribution policy, and determining a content distribution node to be injected and a resource requirement required to execute the content distribution request;
  • the policy determines a content cache node to be injected and a resource requirement required to execute the content distribution request; the content distribution request, and the determined content cache node to be injected and a resource requirement required to execute the content distribution request
  • the control unit forwards to the data forwarding unit;
  • determining a content cache node of the content to be extracted and a resource requirement required to execute the content delivery request determining a content delivery node to provide the media service and a resource requirement required to execute the content delivery request;
  • the content delivery request, and the determined content delivery node of the media service to be provided and the resource requirements required to execute the content delivery request are forwarded by the control unit to the data forwarding unit.
  • the application function unit is further configured to determine, according to the access information defined in the service chain, the required resources of the allocated CDN application and the access order of the engine required by the scheduling, according to the service chain function supported by the service chain. Perform related operations.
  • the application unit is further configured to: after determining the access sequence of the allocated CDN application required resources and the scheduled required engine and perform related operations, apply for the CDN application to apply for the allocated CDN application
  • the required engines for resources and scheduling are billed.
  • control unit is further configured to perform load balancing, traffic load balancing, and content through the network Load balancing determines the load balancing of content distribution and content delivery.
  • control unit determines load balancing of content distribution and content delivery through network load balancing, service load balancing, and content load balancing, including:
  • the control unit determines a server node of the content delivery node that provides the media service for the user terminal according to the service load balancing of the content delivery node;
  • the control unit determines a content cache node according to content load balancing
  • the control unit determines a network path for content distribution according to network load balancing and content load balancing of the content distribution process, and determines a network path for content delivery according to network load balancing and content load balancing of the content delivery process.
  • the application function unit further includes an external application interface, configured to receive the CDN application request; receive an external command, and adjust at least one of the following units: an application function unit, a control unit, and a data forwarding unit;
  • the application unit and the control unit are connected through a northbound interface
  • control unit and the data forwarding unit are connected through a southbound interface.
  • the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention adds an application function of the CDN in the SDN application layer, adds a CDN control function in the SDN control layer, and adds a CDN network entity resource in the data forwarding layer of the SDN;
  • the SDN application layer When the application is applied to the CDN, the SDN application layer generates resource requirements and service scheduling information according to the application of the CDN application, and sends a reservation request for the resources required by the CDN application to the SDN control layer according to the generated resource requirements and service scheduling information;
  • the SDN control layer allocates resources required for the CDN application, and combines the network load balancing and the path policy to generate a content routing table for data transmission; generates a data link layer and a network layer (L2 and L3) forwarding table according to the content routing table, and sends the data to the forwarding table.
  • the SDN data forwarding layer when receiving the content distribution request and the content delivery request, invokes related content from the network entity resource of the CDN to perform related operations of the CDN service according to the L2 and L3 forwarding tables.
  • the embodiment of the present invention implements the system function of the CDN based on the SDN, so that the problem of the closedness of the bearer network, the specificity of the hardware, and the complexity of the management faced by the CDN are effectively solved, and the network resources and engine capabilities of the CDN application are realized. A reasonable choice of forwarding paths.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for implementing a CDN based on an SDN according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a structural block diagram of a system for implementing a CDN based on SDN according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for implementing a CDN based on an SDN according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the application function of the CDN is added in the SDN application layer; the control function of the CDN is added in the SDN control layer; and the network entity resource of the CDN is added in the data forwarding layer of the SDN.
  • adding a network entity resource in the data forwarding layer may be, for example, newly adding a hardware resource of the X86 general architecture and performing network programming based on the universal hardware resource, thereby implementing a corresponding function;
  • adding a network entity resource in the data forwarding layer may be, for example, newly adding a hardware resource of the X86 general architecture and performing network programming based on the universal hardware resource, thereby implementing a corresponding function;
  • SDN application layer Because the essence of SDN/NFV is to use the general hardware platform and change the software by programming to change the function and positioning of the network element.
  • Step 100 When receiving the application for the CDN application, the SDN application layer generates the resource requirement and the service scheduling information according to the application of the CDN application, and sends a reservation application for the resource required by the CDN application to the SDN control layer according to the generated resource requirement and the service scheduling information.
  • Step 101 According to the reservation request, the SDN control layer allocates resources required for the CDN application, and combines the network load balancing and the path policy to generate a content routing table for data transmission, and generates a data link layer and a network layer according to the content routing table (L2). And L3, hereinafter referred to as L2/L3) forwarding table, sent to the SDN data forwarding layer;
  • the content routing table refers to the forward and backward connection jump relationship of the device on the data transmission path; according to the SDN scheme, the corresponding L2/L3 forwarding table is given according to the connection and the jump relationship, that is, the mapping.
  • the content routing table includes addressing information for content distribution and nodes involved in content delivery, and the information is composed of an IP quintuple and a URL address.
  • the L2/L3 forwarding table can be a table or So two tables, as long as the information of L2 and L3 is included.
  • the SDN control layer allocates resources required for the CDN application, and combines the network load balancing and the path policy to generate a content routing table for data transmission, including:
  • the SDN control layer allocates resources required for the CDN application
  • a content routing table for data transmission in the content delivery phase is generated according to the network load balancing and the path policy of content delivery.
  • the resources required for the CDN application are determined by path, bandwidth, traffic, storage space, duration, quality of service, service level, cost, and the like.
  • the combination of network load balancing and path policy can be set according to actual conditions, which is a problem in policy selection; for example, it can be evaluated by the administrator according to the resources and required expenses of the CDN described later.
  • the path that should be chosen is optimal (maximum efficiency and efficiency maximization).
  • Step 102 When receiving the content distribution request and the content delivery request, the SDN data forwarding layer invokes related content from the network entity resource of the CDN to perform a related operation of the CDN service according to the L2/L3 forwarding table.
  • the network entity resource of the CDN includes one or more of the following resources:
  • Forwarding switches forwarding routers, forwarding gateways, content storage servers, content distribution servers, content caching servers, content delivery servers, and other custom devices that support the SDN forwarding protocol.
  • invoking related content from the network entity resource of the CDN to perform related operations of the CDN service refers to performing related operations of the CDN service from the network entity resource of the CDN.
  • Other custom devices that support the SDN forwarding protocol refer to devices (such as an electronic program menu server) that may be involved in a business process when implementing a service (such as using a CDN to implement IPTV/OTT, etc.).
  • the SDN data forwarding layer invokes related content from the network entity resource of the CDN to perform related operations of the CDN service, including:
  • the SDN data forwarding layer invokes related content from the network entity resource of the CDN to perform content distribution, content caching, and content delivery operations of the CDN service, where:
  • the performing the content distribution of the CDN service includes: receiving the content distribution request, extracting the content stored in the content storage node according to the preset distribution policy, and injecting the content into the content distribution node of the CDN network;
  • the operation of performing content caching of the CDN service includes: receiving content of the content distribution node for caching; and pre-caching content accessed by the user terminal in a content caching node of the CDN network according to the caching policy, to quickly provide hot content to the content Used by neighboring content delivery nodes and user terminals;
  • the content of the cache is: the entire file of the content, the fragmentation of the content file, or the data packet after the content file is streamed.
  • the content cache node generally appears in pairs with the content delivery node; when the cached content rises to the regional hot content, the hot content should be distributed/cached to other distribution nodes/cache nodes in advance.
  • the shard is mainly responsible for slicing the original content of the larger content according to the required granularity (such as 32KByes, 64Kbytes, 256KBytes, 512KBytes, 1MBytes, 2MBytes, 4MBytes, 8MBytes, 16MBytes, 32MBytes, 64Mbytes, etc.) for easy processing. Parallel transfer and distributed storage.
  • the operation of performing content delivery of the CDN service includes: extracting content in the content caching node according to the content delivery request, providing content streaming to the content delivery node of the CDN network, and transmitting the content to the user terminal.
  • the selection of streaming media transmission technologies (such as IETF RTP, MPEG TS, MPEG DASH, MPEG MMT, etc.) is selected according to the content delivery node, and the related information of content streaming includes: filling in the required serial number and time Information such as stamps to ensure that packets transmitted over the network after streaming can be efficiently parsed and restored even if they are not received sequentially by the receiving end.
  • time Information such as stamps
  • the delivery of content should be based on the principle of comprehensive efficiency and cost (such as flow ⁇ price); for the content distribution part of the content distribution, under the premise of meeting efficiency, mainly to measure the cost of traffic; content routing for the content delivery part , mainly to measure network performance and quality of experience; Content routing may have multiple reachable routes due to file fragmentation and distributed storage, and may be dynamically adjusted according to the underlying network topology information provided by the SDN.
  • the preset distribution policy, the cache policy, the load balancing policy, the content distribution path policy, and the content delivery path policy are policies obtained according to analysis and summary by those skilled in the art, and may be performed according to different CDN application requirements and SDN networks, engines, and the like. Actual adjustments.
  • the method of the embodiment of the present invention further includes: the SDN application layer registers by using the CDN application to obtain the required engine support information;
  • the SDN application layer determines the content storage node of the content to be extracted according to a content distribution policy preset (for example, the system default configuration), and determines the content distribution node to be injected and executes the content distribution request.
  • a content distribution policy preset for example, the system default configuration
  • Required resource requirements determining, according to a caching policy, a content caching node to be injected and a resource requirement required to execute a content distribution request
  • the resource requirement required by the content distribution request is forwarded to the SDN data forwarding layer by the SDN control layer;
  • the SDN application layer determines the content cache node of the content to be extracted and the resource requirement required to execute the content delivery request; determines the content delivery node to provide the media service and the resources required to execute the content delivery request. The SDN application layer forwards the content delivery request, and the determined content delivery node of the media service to be provided and the resource requirement required to execute the content delivery request, to the SDN data forwarding layer via the SDN control layer .
  • the content distribution request and the content delivery request are from the outside, triggered according to the needs of the business process, receive the application layer request messages through the SDN application layer interface, and gradually forward the messages to the SDN control layer and the SDN data forwarding layer, and finally the SDN data.
  • the forwarding layer performs the operations of distribution and delivery, that is, content distribution and content delivery also rely on the data forwarding layer to implement the transmission of the underlying data.
  • dynamic adjustment cannot be implemented due to the nature of the CDN network.
  • dynamic adjustment can be realized by utilizing the nature of the SDN network.
  • the method of the embodiment of the present invention further includes: the SDN application layer determining, according to the access information defined in the service chain, the required resources for the allocated CDN application and the access sequence of the scheduled required engine And perform related operations.
  • the method of the embodiment of the present invention further includes: applying, by the SDN application layer, the allocated CDN application to the CDN application.
  • the required engines for resources and scheduling are charged.
  • the method of the embodiment of the present invention further includes: determining, by the SDN control layer, load balancing of content distribution and content delivery by using network load balancing, service load balancing, and content load balancing;
  • the network path of the content distribution is determined, and the network path of the content delivery is determined according to the network load balancing and content load balancing of the content delivery process.
  • network load balancing mainly measures the bandwidth, traffic, time, duty cycle of the network path and the usage of each path in multipath, and selects the network path and each path according to the network load balancing policy. Occupied bandwidth, traffic, time, etc.; service load balancing is mainly to measure the CPU of each node server, the number of links processed per unit time, port I/O usage, etc., and select the nodes of the provided services according to the service load balancing policy. Server; content load balancing is mainly to measure the distribution of content in the CDN node and the heat of the content, and to achieve content scheduling between nodes according to the content load balancing policy through content distribution.
  • FIG. 2 is a structural block diagram of a system for implementing a CDN based on an SDN according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 2, the method includes: an application function unit, a control unit, and a data forwarding unit;
  • the application function unit is located at the SDN application layer, and is configured to generate a resource requirement and service scheduling information according to the CDN application application when the CDN application application is received, and send the CDN application to the control unit according to the resource requirement and the service scheduling information.
  • the application function unit may be further configured to, when receiving the CDN application application, register with the CDN application to obtain the required engine support information; and schedule the required engine according to the required engine support information to support the CDN application application.
  • the application function unit may be further configured to, when receiving the content distribution request, determine the content storage node of the content to be extracted according to a preset content distribution policy, and determine the content distribution node to be injected and the content distribution request to be executed.
  • Resource requirements determining, according to a caching policy, a content caching node to be injected and a resource requirement required to execute the content distribution request; and the content distribution request, and the determined content caching node to be injected and executing the content distribution request
  • the required resource requirements are forwarded by the control unit to the data forwarding unit;
  • determining a content cache node of the content to be extracted and a resource requirement required to execute the content delivery request determining a content delivery node to provide the media service and a resource requirement required to execute the content delivery request;
  • the content delivery request, and the determined content delivery node of the media service to be provided and the resource requirements required to execute the content delivery request are forwarded by the control unit to the data forwarding unit.
  • the application unit may be further configured to apply for the allocated CDN application required resources and scheduling for the CDN application after determining the required resources for the allocated CDN application and the scheduled access order of the scheduled engine and performing related operations.
  • the required engine is billed.
  • the application function unit may be further configured to, according to the access information defined in the service chain, determine an access sequence of the allocated CDN application and an order of the required engine of the scheduling, and perform related according to the access information defined in the service chain. operating.
  • the control unit is located at the SDN control layer, and is configured to allocate resources required for the CDN application according to the reservation request, and combine the network load balancing and the path policy to generate a content routing table for data transmission; and generate L2/L3 according to the content routing table. Forwarding table, sent to the data forwarding unit;
  • the control unit is set to:
  • the L2/L3 forwarding table is generated according to the content routing table and sent to the data forwarding unit.
  • the control unit may be further configured to determine load balancing of content distribution and content delivery through network load balancing, service load balancing, and content load balancing;
  • the control unit determines a server node of the content delivery node that provides the media service for the user terminal according to the service load balancing of the content delivery node;
  • the control unit determines a content cache node according to content load balancing
  • the control unit determines a network path for content distribution according to network load balancing and content load balancing of the content distribution process, and determines a network path for content delivery according to network load balancing and content load balancing of the content delivery process.
  • the data forwarding unit is located at the SDN data forwarding layer, and is configured to, when receiving the content distribution request and the content delivery request, perform related operations of the CDN service by calling related content from the network entity resource of the CDN according to the L2/L3 forwarding table.
  • the network entity resources of the CDN include one or more of the following resources:
  • Forwarding switches forwarding routers, forwarding gateways, content storage servers, content distribution servers, content caching servers, content delivery servers, and other custom devices that support the SDN forwarding protocol.
  • the data forwarding unit is configured to: when the content distribution request and the content delivery request are received, invoke the related content from the network entity resource of the CDN to perform content distribution, content caching, and content delivery operation of the CDN service according to the L2/L3 forwarding table. ,among them:
  • the performing the content distribution of the CDN service includes: receiving the content distribution request, extracting the content stored in the content storage node according to the preset distribution policy, and injecting the content into the content distribution node of the CDN network;
  • the operation of performing content caching of the CDN service includes: receiving content of the content distribution node for caching; and pre-caching content accessed by the user terminal in a content caching node of the CDN network according to the caching policy, to quickly provide hot content to the content Used by neighboring content delivery nodes and user terminals;
  • the operation of performing content delivery of the CDN service includes: extracting content in the content caching node according to the content delivery request, providing content streaming to the content delivery node of the CDN network for content streaming, and transmitting Lost to the user terminal.
  • the application function unit further includes an external application interface configured to receive a CDN application request; receive an external command, and adjust at least one of the following units: an application function unit, a control unit, and a data forwarding unit;
  • the application unit and the control unit are connected through a northbound interface
  • control unit and the data forwarding unit are connected through a southbound interface.
  • the embodiment of the invention realizes the system function of the CDN based on the SDN, so that the complex problem of the closed network, the exclusiveness of the hardware and the management faced by the CDN is effectively solved, and the reasonable selection of the network resource, the engine and the forwarding path of the CDN application is realized. .

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Abstract

本发明实施例公开了一种基于SDN实现CDN的方法及系统，包括：在SDN的应用层、控制层和数据转发层分别添加CDN的应用功能、控制功能和网络实体资源；所述方法包括：接收到CDN应用申请时，SDN应用层根据CDN应用申请生成资源需求和业务编排信息，以向SDN控制层发送CDN应用所需资源的预留申请、以使SDN控制层分配CDN应用所需资源，结合网络负载均衡和路径策略，生成数据传输的内容路由表，进而生成L2和L3转发表，发送到SDN数据转发层；SDN数据转发层接收到内容分发和内容交付请求时，根据L2和L3转发表，执行CDN业务的相关操作。

Description

一种基于软件定义网络实现内容分发网络的方法及系统 技术领域
本文涉及内容分发技术，尤指一种紧耦合模式下的基于软件定义网络(SDN)实现内容分发网络(CDN)的方法及系统。
背景技术
SDN是近年来所涌现出的新的网络技术，其主要特点是控制和转发分离、网络开放可编程以及软件和硬件分离。SDN使传统通信网络设备得以从专属硬件绑定中解放出来、向基于通用硬件平台加定制软件的方向来发展，并通过开放的编程接口来实现网络功能虚拟化、网络管理简单化以及网络部署自动化，从而相比传统网络功能实现和工程实施大大节省设备成本、人力成本以及部署时间。按架构层次划分，SDN自顶向下基本上分成三个层次：应用层、控制层以及数据层。
目前，业界对于控制层以及数据层正在或者已经进行了大量的标准化工作，但对于应用层及其内部的构成，特别是如何对应用进行集成、管理、控制以及与其他已有应用结合以及融合等讨论较少，相对进展也比较缓慢。这将导致SDN在易用性、开放性、可编程性、可管理性、可运营性以及对已有应用的兼容、互通等方面能力的缺失，不利于SDN产业的健康发展，特别是在如何快速建立SDN开发者社区并吸引大量的SDN应用开发者集中到热点应用问题的解决、以及将已有网络中的主要应用向SDN技术迁移等方面，存在先天的障碍。
无论是开放网络基金会(ONF，Open Networking Foundation)标准组织还是ODL(Open Daylight，SDN控制器开源组织)，目前所定义的SDN的应用层主要被定位为提供网络应用以及网络业务编排等高度抽象功能，SDN应用层可根据用户应用请求来进行网络资源申请和业务编排——SDN应用层向上与外部用户通过表述性状态转移(REST，Representational State Transfer)方式提供应用程序编程接口(API，Application Programming Interface)调用(北极接口)，为外部客户实现定制化的应用功能，以实现虚拟化的网络应用功 能；SDN应用层向下与SDN控制器通过REST方式提供网络API接口调用(北向接口)，向SDN控制层进行资源申请，以实现虚拟化的网络业务功能。
从SDN应用层的角度来看，当前就其相关的技术研讨以及标准化工作大部分也均聚焦在SDN应用层与SDN控制层之间的北向接口方面。而在SDN的实际应用中，SDN对外提供的服务主要则是通过SDN应用层与其外部上层应用的接口(即北极接口，也称应用接口)以及SDN应用层内部的编排功能来实现的。与北极接口相关的功能需求以及与编排本身相关的功能需求尚没有被充分发掘出来，而与北极接口相关的上层业务以及使用北向接口的L4-L7业务或者未被讨论，或者仍处于早期的研讨中(如业务链应用)；特别是对于如何将已有网络业务基于SDN进行构建，尚没有开始进行研讨，这些也在一定程度上阻碍了SDN应用对其他已有应用的集成以及进而影响SDN应用以及SDN自身的发展。
更进一步地，对于业界已有应用(比如CDN、OTT、各种视频媒体等业务)如何充分借助SDN的架构，通过开放网络编程接口，更好地使用底层承载网络所提供的高效、高性能以及高性价比的虚拟网络功能来实现满足终端客户不断日益增长的对于服务质量的需求以及整体运维成本不断下降的需求，目前尚处于非常早期的初始讨论阶段，也没有明确的解决方案，而这也将制约现有业务向SDN的迁移步伐。
相对于SDN而言，CDN是一项比较成熟的技术，被用来为互联网或电信专用网络提供网页和视频等媒体内容的分发和加速，其主要特点是将媒体内容进行多级缓存并为用户提供就近服务，从而为用户提供较好的体验质量。
CDN的功能主要包括内容分发(Content Distribution)和内容交付(Content Delivery，也称媒体交付)两个部分，基本功能包括内容分发/交付、调度/控制、存储/缓存以及媒体服务等。目前，在ITU-T、ETSI、3GPP、IETF等国际标准组织以及CCSA等行业标准组织都有CDN的相关定义和标准规范，用来承载IP网络协议电视(IPTV)、有线网络电视(CATV)、互联网电视(OTT TV)以及移动流媒体等业务。目前的CDN解决方案，因底层承载网络不开放所限，作为业务网络的CDN必须作为一个叠加层，并依附于底层承载网络的能力而存在；同时，CDN解决方案所需要的服务器、存储/缓存以及媒体服 务器均使用专属的硬件(比如刀片服务器/ATCA架构服务器等)，对于硬件架构的依赖度非常之高，且没有通用性；此外，CDN因为其所涉及的网络性能需求较高(如网络带宽、时延、抖动等)，对网络的扩容以及由此而来的地址规划、设备配置、节点部署、业务开通、软件升级等管理方面都带来了巨大的复杂性——比如，随着IPTV、CATV、OTT、移动流媒体等业务的快速发展，CDN正逐步与业务解耦而成为用于融合承载多种业务的内容传输的管道，从而导致CDN部署节点越来越多，网络规模也越来越大，对CDN内容路由的管理也越来越复杂，对多服务提供商/内容提供商(CP/SP)的管理与服务配置也越来越困难。
针对目前CDN相关技术方案中存在的以上问题并结合CDN的技术发展趋势，讨论CDN与SDN的融合以及如何引入SDN技术到CDN解决方案中来并能够行之有效地解决CDN所面临的承载网络的封闭性、硬件的专属性、管理的复杂性等方面的问题，进而提升CDN的开放性、性价比以及易用性，并进而降低CDN的总体运维成本，成为当务之急。
发明内容
本发明实施例提供一种基于SDN实现CDN的方法及系统，能够有效的解决CDN所面临的承载网络的封闭性、硬件的专属性、管理的复杂性的问题。
本发明实施例提供一种基于SDN实现CDN的方法；包括：
在SDN应用层添加CDN的应用功能；在SDN控制层添加CDN的控制功能；在SDN的数据转发层添加CDN的网络实体资源；
当接收到CDN应用申请时，SDN应用层根据CDN应用申请生成资源需求和业务编排信息，根据生成的资源需求和业务编排信息向SDN控制层发送CDN应用所需资源的预留申请；
根据预留申请，SDN控制层分配CDN应用所需资源，并结合网络负载均衡和路径策略，生成进行数据传输的内容路由表，根据内容路由表生成数据链路层L2和网络层L3转发表，发送到SDN数据转发层；
SDN数据转发层接收到内容分发请求和内容交付请求时，根据L2和L3 转发表，从CDN的网络实体资源调用相关内容执行CDN业务的相关操作。
可选地，SDN控制层分配CDN应用所需资源，并结合网络负载均衡和路径策略，生成进行数据传输的内容路由表，包括：
SDN控制层分配CDN应用所需资源，
根据网络负载均衡结合内容分发的路径策略生成内容分发阶段的进行数据传输的内容路由表；
根据网络负载均衡结合内容交付的路径策略生成内容交付阶段的进行数据传输的内容路由表。
可选地，SDN数据转发层从CDN的网络实体资源调用相关内容执行CDN业务的相关操作，包括：
SDN数据转发层从CDN的网络实体资源调用相关内容执行CDN业务的内容分发、内容缓存、内容交付的操作，其中：
执行CDN业务的内容分发的操作包括：接收到内容分发请求，根据内容分发请求，按照预先设定的分发策略将存储在内容存储节点中的内容提取后注入到CDN网络的内容分发节点；
执行CDN业务的内容缓存的操作包括：接收所述内容分发节点的内容进行缓存；根据缓存策略，将用户终端访问过的内容预先缓存在CDN网络的内容缓存节点中，以快速地提供热点内容给邻近的内容交付节点和用户终端使用；
执行CDN业务的内容交付的操作包括：根据内容交付请求，将内容缓存节点中的内容提取出来提供给CDN网络的内容交付节点进行内容流化，并传输给用户终端。
可选地，接收到CDN应用申请时，该方法还包括：SDN应用层通过CDN应用申请进行注册，获取所需引擎支持信息；
根据所需引擎支持信息调度所需引擎，以支持CDN应用申请。
可选地，该方法还包括：
SDN应用层在接收到内容分发请求时，根据预先设定的内容分发策略来 确定所要提取的内容的内容存储节点，并确定所要注入的内容分发节点及执行所述内容分发请求所需的资源需求；根据缓存策略确定所要注入的内容缓存节点及执行所述内容分发请求所需的资源需求；所述SDN应用层将所述内容分发请求，以及确定的所要注入的内容缓存节点及执行所述内容分发请求所需的资源需求经所述SDN控制层转发至所述SDN数据转发层；
SDN应用层在接收到内容交付请求时，确定所要提取内容的内容缓存节点及执行该内容交付请求所需的资源需求；确定所要提供媒体服务的内容交付节点及执行该内容交付请求所需的资源需求；所述SDN应用层将所述内容交付请求，以及确定的所要提供媒体服务的内容交付节点及执行该内容交付请求所需的资源需求经所述SDN控制层转发至所述SDN数据转发层。
可选地，在支持业务链功能下，该方法还包括：SDN应用层根据业务链中所定义的访问信息，确定对所述分配的CDN应用所需资源和所述调度所需引擎的访问顺序并执行相关操作。
可选地，在确定对所述分配的CDN应用所需资源和所述调度的所需引擎的访问顺序并执行相关操作后，该方法还包括：SDN应用层对CDN应用申请所分配的CDN应用所需资源和调度的所需引擎进行计费。
可选地，该方法还包括：SDN控制层通过网络负载均衡、业务负载均衡和内容负载均衡确定内容分发和内容交付的负载均衡。
可选地，所述SDN控制层通过网络负载均衡、业务负载均衡和内容负载均衡确定内容分发和内容交付的负载均衡，包括：
根据内容交付节点的业务负载均衡，确定为用户终端提供媒体服务的内容交付节点的服务器节点；
根据内容负载均衡确定内容缓存节点；
根据内容分发过程的网络负载均衡和内容负载均衡，确定内容分发的网络路径，根据内容交付过程的网络负载均衡和内容负载均衡，确定内容交付的网络路径。
本发明实施例还提供一种基于软件定义网络SDN实现内容分发网络 CDN的系统，在SDN的数据转发层添加CDN的网络实体资源，包括：应用功能单元、控制单元及数据转发单元，其中，
所述应用功能单元，位于SDN应用层，设置为当接收到CDN应用申请时，根据CDN应用申请生成资源需求和业务编排信息，根据资源需求和业务编排信息向所述控制单元发送CDN应用所需资源的预留申请；
所述控制单元，位于SDN控制层，设置为根据预留申请，分配CDN应用所需资源，并结合网络负载均衡和路径策略，生成进行数据传输的内容路由表，根据内容路由表生成数据链路层L2和网络层L3转发表，发送到所述数据转发单元；
所述数据转发单元，位于SDN数据转发层，设置为接收到内容分发请求和内容交付请求时，根据L2和L3转发表，从CDN的网络实体资源调用相关内容执行CDN业务的相关操作。
可选地，控制单元是设置为：根据预留申请，分配CDN应用所需资源；根据网络负载均衡结合内容分发的路径策略生成内容分发阶段的进行数据传输的内容路由表；根据网络负载均衡结合内容交付的路径策略生成内容交付阶段的进行数据传输的内容路由表；根据内容路由表生成L2和L3转发表，发送到所述数据转发单元。
可选地，CDN的网络实体资源包括以下资源的一种或多种：
转发交换机、转发路由器、转发网关、内容存储服务器、内容分发服务器、内容缓存服务器、内容交付服务器以及其他支持SDN转发协议的自定义设备。
可选地，数据转发单元是设置为，接收到所述内容分发请求和所述内容交付请求时，根据L2和L3转发表，从CDN的网络实体资源调用相关内容执行CDN业务的内容分发、内容缓存、内容交付的操作，其中：
所述执行CDN业务的内容分发的操作包括：接收到内容分发请求，根据内容分发请求，按照预先设定的分发策略将存储在内容存储节点中的内容提取后注入到CDN网络的内容分发节点；
执行CDN业务的内容缓存的操作包括：接收所述内容分发节点的内容进 行缓存；根据缓存策略，将用户终端访问过的内容预先缓存在CDN网络的内容缓存节点中，以快速地提供热点内容给邻近的内容交付节点和用户终端使用；
执行CDN业务的内容交付的操作包括：根据内容交付请求，将内容缓存节点中的内容提取出来提供给CDN网络的内容交付节点进行内容流化，并传输给用户终端。
可选地，应用功能单元还设置为，接收到CDN应用申请时，通过CDN应用申请进行注册，获取所需引擎支持信息；
根据所需引擎支持信息调度所需引擎，以支持CDN应用申请。
可选地，应用单元还设置为，
在接收到内容分发请求时，根据预先设定的内容分发策略来确定所要提取的内容的内容存储节点，并确定所要注入的内容分发节点及执行所述内容分发请求所需的资源需求；根据缓存策略确定所要注入的内容缓存节点及执行所述内容分发请求所需的资源需求；将所述内容分发请求，以及确定的所要注入的内容缓存节点及执行所述内容分发请求所需的资源需求经所述控制单元转发至所述数据转发单元；
接收到内容交付请求时，确定所要提取内容的内容缓存节点及执行该内容交付请求所需的资源需求；确定所要提供媒体服务的内容交付节点及执行该内容交付请求所需的资源需求；将所述内容交付请求，以及确定的所要提供媒体服务的内容交付节点及执行该内容交付请求所需的资源需求经所述控制单元转发至所述数据转发单元。
可选地，应用功能单元还设置为，在支持业务链功能下，根据业务链中所定义的访问信息，确定对所述分配的CDN应用所需资源和所述调度所需引擎的访问顺序并执行相关操作。
可选地，应用单元还设置为，在确定对所述分配的CDN应用所需资源和所述调度的所需引擎的访问顺序并执行相关操作后，对CDN应用申请所分配的CDN应用所需资源和调度的所需引擎进行计费。
可选地，控制单元还设置为，通过网络负载均衡、业务负载均衡和内容 负载均衡确定内容分发和内容交付的负载均衡。
可选地，所述控制单元通过网络负载均衡、业务负载均衡和内容负载均衡确定内容分发和内容交付的负载均衡，包括：
所述控制单元根据内容交付节点的业务负载均衡，确定为用户终端提供媒体服务的内容交付节点的服务器节点；
所述控制单元根据内容负载均衡确定内容缓存节点；
所述控制单元根据内容分发过程的网络负载均衡和内容负载均衡，确定内容分发的网络路径，根据内容交付过程的网络负载均衡和内容负载均衡，确定内容交付的网络路径。
可选地，应用功能单元还包括外部应用接口，设置为接收CDN应用申请；接收外部指令，对以下单元至少之一进行调整：应用功能单元、控制单元、数据转发单元；
应用单元与控制单元通过北向接口连接；
控制单元与数据转发单元通过南向接口连接。
与相关技术相比，本发明实施例提供的技术方案，在SDN应用层添加CDN的应用功能，在SDN控制层添加CDN的控制功能，在SDN的数据转发层添加CDN的网络实体资源；当接收到CDN应用申请时，SDN应用层根据CDN应用申请生成资源需求和业务编排信息，根据生成的资源需求和业务编排信息向SDN控制层发送CDN应用所需资源的预留申请；根据预留申请，SDN控制层分配CDN应用所需资源，并结合网络负载均衡和路径策略，生成进行数据传输的内容路由表；根据内容路由表生成数据链路层和网络层(L2和L3)转发表，发送到SDN数据转发层；SDN数据转发层接收到内容分发请求和内容交付请求时，根据L2和L3转发表，从CDN的网络实体资源调用相关内容执行CDN业务的相关操作。本发明实施例通过基于SDN实现了CDN的系统功能，使CDN所面临的承载网络的封闭性、硬件的专属性、管理的复杂性问题得到了有效解决，实现了CDN应用网络资源、引擎能力和转发路径的合理选择。
附图概述
图1为本发明实施例基于SDN实现CDN的方法的流程图；
图2为本发明实施例基于SDN实现CDN的系统的结构框图。
本发明的实施方式
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本文中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互任意组合。
实施例1
图1为本发明实施例基于SDN实现CDN的方法的流程图。
首先，在SDN应用层添加CDN的应用功能；在SDN控制层添加CDN的控制功能；在SDN的数据转发层添加CDN的网络实体资源。
需要说明的是，在基于SDN以及NFV的方案中，在数据转发层添加网络实体资源例如可以是新增加X86通用架构的硬件资源并基于该通用硬件资源进行网络编程，从而实现相应的功能；在SDN应用层也如此。因SDN/NFV的精髓即是使用通用硬件平台以及通过编程改变软件从而改变网元的功能和定位。
如图1所示，包括：
步骤100、当接收到CDN应用申请时，SDN应用层根据CDN应用申请生成资源需求和业务编排信息，根据生成的资源需求和业务编排信息向SDN控制层发送CDN应用所需资源的预留申请；
步骤101、根据预留申请，SDN控制层分配CDN应用所需资源，并结合网络负载均衡和路径策略，生成进行数据传输的内容路由表，根据内容路由表生成数据链路层和网络层(L2和L3，以下简称L2/L3)转发表，发送到SDN数据转发层；
需要说明的是，内容路由表是指数据传输路径上设备的前后连接跳转关系；按照SDN方案则为根据该连接和跳转关系给出所对应的L2/L3转发表，即为映射。内容路由表包含内容分发以及内容交付所涉及节点的寻址信息，该信息由IP五元组和URL地址等共同组成。L2/L3转发表可以是一张表也可 以是两张表，只要包括L2和L3的信息即可。
本步骤中，SDN控制层分配CDN应用所需资源，并结合网络负载均衡和路径策略，生成进行数据传输的内容路由表，包括：
SDN控制层分配CDN应用所需资源；
根据网络负载均衡结合内容分发的路径策略生成内容分发阶段的进行数据传输的内容路由表；
根据网络负载均衡结合内容交付的路径策略生成内容交付阶段的进行数据传输的内容路由表。
需要说明的是，CDN应用所需资源是通过路径、带宽、流量、存储空间、时长、服务质量、服务级别、费用等进行评测确定的。另外，网络负载均衡和路径策略的结合方式可以根据实际情况进行设定，属于策略选择方面的问题；比如，可以由管理员按照后续所描述的CDN所需要的资源及所需费用等进行评估究竟应该选择什么样的路径才是最优(最符合效率与效益的最大化)进行设计。
步骤102、SDN数据转发层接收到内容分发请求和内容交付请求时，根据L2/L3转发表，从CDN的网络实体资源调用相关内容执行CDN业务的相关操作。
本步骤中，CDN的网络实体资源包括以下资源的一种或多种：
转发交换机、转发路由器、转发网关、内容存储服务器、内容分发服务器、内容缓存服务器、内容交付服务器以及其他支持SDN转发协议的自定义设备。
需要说明的是，从CDN的网络实体资源调用相关内容执行CDN业务的相关操作的调用是指从CDN的网络实体资源使用相关内容执行CDN业务的相关操作。其他支持SDN转发协议的自定义设备是指，在实现业务(如使用CDN来实现IPTV/OTT等)时候业务流程中可能涉及的设备(如电子节目菜单服务器)。
SDN数据转发层从CDN的网络实体资源调用相关内容执行CDN业务的相关操作，包括：
SDN数据转发层从CDN的网络实体资源调用相关内容执行CDN业务的内容分发、内容缓存、内容交付的操作，其中：
执行CDN业务的内容分发的操作包括：接收到内容分发请求，根据内容分发请求，按照预先设定的分发策略将存储在内容存储节点中的内容提取后注入到CDN网络的内容分发节点；
执行CDN业务的内容缓存的操作包括：接收所述内容分发节点的内容进行缓存；根据缓存策略，将用户终端访问过的内容预先缓存在CDN网络的内容缓存节点中，以快速地提供热点内容给邻近的内容交付节点和用户终端使用；
需要说明的是，进行缓存的内容为：内容的整个文件、内容文件的分片、或内容文件流化后的数据包。
需要说明的是，内容缓存节点一般是和内容交付节点成对出现；当缓存的内容上升为区域热点内容时，则应提前将该热点内容分发/缓存到其他分发节点/缓存节点。这里，分片主要是负责将较大内容的原始文件按照所需粒度(比如32KByes、64Kbytes、256KBytes、512KBytes、1MBytes、2MBytes、4MBytes、8MBytes、16MBytes、32MBytes、64Mbytes等)进行切片处理，以便于进行并行传输以及分布式存储。
执行CDN业务的内容交付的操作包括：根据内容交付请求，将内容缓存节点中的内容提取出来提供给CDN网络的内容交付节点进行内容流化，并传输给用户终端。
需要说明的是，流媒体传输技术(比如IETF RTP、MPEG TS、MPEG DASH、MPEG MMT等)的选择根据内容交付节点进行选择，内容流化的相关信息添加包括：填写所需的序列号和时间戳等信息，以保证流化后通过网络传输的数据包即使未按顺序地为接收端所接收也能被其有效地解析和还原。
另外，内容的交付应基于综合效率与成本(如流量×价格)的原则给予评估；对于内容分发部分的内容路由，在满足效率的前提下，主要是衡量流量成本；对于内容交付部分的内容路由，则主要是衡量网络性能和体验质量； 内容路由可能因文件分片以及分布式存储等原因而存在多条可达路由，并可根据SDN所提供的底层网络拓扑信息而进行动态地调整。
预先设定的分发策略、缓存策略、负载均衡策略、内容分发路径策略及内容交付路径策略是根据本领域技术人员的分析总结获得的策略，根据不同的CDN应用需求和SDN网络、引擎等可以进行实际的调整。
接收到CDN应用申请时，本发明实施例方法还包括：SDN应用层通过CDN应用申请进行注册，获取所需引擎支持信息；
根据所需引擎支持信息调度所需引擎，以支持CDN应用申请。
本发明实施例方法还包括：
SDN应用层在接收到内容分发请求时，根据预先设定(例如系统默认配置好的)的内容分发策略来确定所要提取内容的内容存储节点，并确定所要注入的内容分发节点及执行内容分发请求所需的资源需求；根据缓存策略确定所要注入的内容缓存节点及执行内容分发请求所需的资源需求；所述SDN应用层将所述内容分发请求，以及确定的所要注入的内容缓存节点及执行所述内容分发请求所需的资源需求经所述SDN控制层转发至所述SDN数据转发层；
SDN应用层在接收到内容交付请求时，确定所要提取内容的内容缓存节点及执行该内容交付请求所需的资源需求；确定所要提供媒体服务的内容交付节点及执行该内容交付请求所需的资源需求；所述SDN应用层将所述内容交付请求，以及确定的所要提供媒体服务的内容交付节点及执行该内容交付请求所需的资源需求经所述SDN控制层转发至所述SDN数据转发层。
内容分发请求和内容交付请求来自于外部，根据业务流程的需要而触发，通过SDN应用层接口接收这些应用层面的请求消息并逐步向SDN控制层以及SDN数据转发层转发这些消息，最后由SDN数据转发层执行分发和交付的操作，即内容分发和内容交付也依赖于数据转发层来实现底层数据的传输。
在CDN网络中，由于CDN网络的本身性质，无法实现动态调整，通过本发明实施例基于SDN实现CDN后，利用SDN网络的性质，可以实现动态的调整。
在支持业务链功能下，本发明实施例方法还包括：SDN应用层根据业务链中所定义的访问信息，确定对所述分配的CDN应用所需资源和所述调度的所需引擎的访问顺序并执行相关操作。
在确定对所述分配的CDN应用所需资源和所述调度的所需引擎的访问顺序并执行相关操作后，本发明实施例方法还包括：SDN应用层对CDN应用申请所分配的CDN应用所需资源和调度的所需引擎进行计费。
本发明实施例方法还包括：SDN控制层通过网络负载均衡、业务负载均衡和内容负载均衡确定内容分发和内容交付的负载均衡；包括：
根据内容交付节点的业务负载均衡，确定为用户终端提供媒体服务的内容交付节点的服务器节点；
根据内容负载均衡确定内容缓存节点；
根据内容分发过程的网络负载均衡和内容负载均衡，确定内容分发的网络路径，根据内容交付过程的网络负载均衡和内容负载均衡，确定内容交付的网络路径。
需要说明的是，网络负载均衡主要衡量网络路径的带宽、流量、时间、占空比以及多路径时每个路径的使用情况，并根据网络负载均衡策略选择所使用的网络路径以及每个路径所占用的带宽、流量、时间等情况；业务负载均衡主要是衡量每个节点服务器的CPU、单位时间处理链接数、端口I/O使用等情况，并根据业务负载均衡策略来选择所提供服务的节点服务器；内容负载均衡主要是衡量内容在CDN节点中的分布情况以及内容的热度情况，并根据内容负载均衡策略通过内容分发来实现内容在节点之间的调度。
实施例2
图2为本发明实施例基于SDN实现CDN的系统的结构框图，如图2所示，包括：应用功能单元、控制单元及数据转发单元；其中
所述应用功能单元，位于SDN应用层，设置为当接收到CDN应用申请时，根据CDN应用申请生成资源需求和业务编排信息，根据资源需求和业务编排信息向所述控制单元发送CDN应用所需资源的预留申请；
应用功能单元还可设置为，接收到CDN应用申请时，通过CDN应用申请进行注册，获取所需引擎支持信息；根据所需引擎支持信息调度所需引擎，以支持CDN应用申请。
应用功能单元还可设置为，在接收到内容分发请求时，根据预先设定的内容分发策略来确定所要提取内容的内容存储节点，并确定所要注入的内容分发节点及执行该内容分发请求所需的资源需求；根据缓存策略确定所要注入的内容缓存节点及执行该内容分发请求所需的资源需求；将所述内容分发请求，以及确定的所要注入的内容缓存节点及执行所述内容分发请求所需的资源需求经所述控制单元转发至所述数据转发单元；
接收到内容交付请求时，确定所要提取内容的内容缓存节点及执行该内容交付请求所需的资源需求；确定所要提供媒体服务的内容交付节点及执行该内容交付请求所需的资源需求；将所述内容交付请求，以及确定的所要提供媒体服务的内容交付节点及执行该内容交付请求所需的资源需求经所述控制单元转发至所述数据转发单元。
应用单元还可设置为，在确定对所述分配的CDN应用所需资源和所述调度的所需引擎的访问顺序并执行相关操作后，对CDN应用申请所分配的CDN应用所需资源和调度的所需引擎进行计费。
应用功能单元还可设置为，在支持业务链功能下，根据业务链中所定义的访问信息，确定对所述分配的CDN应用所需资源和所述调度的所需引擎的访问顺序并执行相关操作。
所述控制单元，位于SDN控制层，设置为根据预留申请，分配CDN应用所需资源，并结合网络负载均衡和路径策略，生成进行数据传输的内容路由表；根据内容路由表生成L2/L3转发表，发送到数据转发单元；
所述控制单元是设置为：
根据预留申请，分配CDN应用所需资源；
根据网络负载均衡结合内容分发的路径策略生成内容分发阶段的进行数据传输的内容路由表；根据网络负载均衡结合内容交付的路径策略生成内容交付阶段的进行数据传输的内容路由表；
根据内容路由表生成L2/L3转发表，发送到数据转发单元。
所述控制单元还可设置为，通过网络负载均衡、业务负载均衡和内容负载均衡确定内容分发和内容交付的负载均衡；包括：
所述控制单元根据内容交付节点的业务负载均衡，确定为用户终端提供媒体服务的内容交付节点的服务器节点；
所述控制单元根据内容负载均衡确定内容缓存节点；
所述控制单元根据内容分发过程的网络负载均衡和内容负载均衡，确定内容分发的网络路径，根据内容交付过程的网络负载均衡和内容负载均衡，确定内容交付的网络路径。
所述数据转发单元，位于SDN数据转发层，设置为接收到内容分发请求和内容交付请求时，根据L2/L3转发表，从CDN的网络实体资源调用相关内容执行CDN业务的相关操作。
CDN的网络实体资源包括以下资源的一种或多种：
转发交换机、转发路由器、转发网关、内容存储服务器、内容分发服务器、内容缓存服务器、内容交付服务器以及其他支持SDN转发协议的自定义设备。
所述数据转发单元是设置为：接收到内容分发请求和内容交付请求时，根据L2/L3转发表，从CDN的网络实体资源调用相关内容执行CDN业务的内容分发、内容缓存、内容交付的操作，其中：
执行CDN业务的内容分发的操作包括：接收到内容分发请求，根据内容分发请求，按照预先设定的分发策略将存储在内容存储节点中的内容提取后注入到CDN网络的内容分发节点；
执行CDN业务的内容缓存的操作包括：接收所述内容分发节点的内容进行缓存；根据缓存策略，将用户终端访问过的内容预先缓存在CDN网络的内容缓存节点中，以快速地提供热点内容给邻近的内容交付节点和用户终端使用；
执行CDN业务的内容交付的操作包括：根据内容交付请求，将内容缓存节点中的内容提取出来提供给CDN网络的内容交付节点进行内容流化，并传 输给用户终端。
所述应用功能单元还包括外部应用接口，设置为接收CDN应用申请；接收外部指令，对以下单元至少之一进行调整：应用功能单元、控制单元、数据转发单元；
应用单元与控制单元通过北向接口连接；
控制单元与数据转发单元通过南向接口连接。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解上述方法中的全部或部分步骤可通过程序来指令相关硬件完成，上述程序可以存储于计算机可读存储介质中，如只读存储器、磁盘或光盘等。可选地，上述实施例的全部或部分步骤也可以使用一个或多个集成电路来实现。相应地，上述实施例中的各模块/单元可以采用硬件的形式实现，也可以采用软件功能模块的形式实现。本发明实施例不限制于任何特定形式的硬件和软件的结合。
工业实用性
本发明实施例通过基于SDN实现了CDN的系统功能，使CDN所面临的承载网络的封闭、硬件的专属、管理的复杂问题得到有效解决，实现了CDN应用网络资源、引擎和转发路径的合理选择。

Claims (21)

  1. 一种基于软件定义网络SDN实现内容分发网络CDN的方法，其特征在于，在SDN应用层添加CDN的应用功能；在SDN控制层添加CDN的控制功能；在SDN的数据转发层添加CDN的网络实体资源；所述方法包括：
    当接收到CDN应用申请时，所述SDN应用层根据CDN应用申请生成资源需求和业务编排信息，根据生成的资源需求和业务编排信息向所述SDN控制层发送CDN应用所需资源的预留申请；
    根据所述预留申请，所述SDN控制层分配CDN应用所需资源，并结合网络负载均衡和路径策略，生成进行数据传输的内容路由表，根据所述内容路由表生成数据链路层L2和网络层L3转发表，发送到所述SDN数据转发层；
    所述SDN数据转发层接收到内容分发请求和内容交付请求时，根据所述L2和L3转发表，从CDN的网络实体资源调用相关内容执行CDN业务的相关操作。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述SDN控制层分配CDN应用所需资源，并结合网络负载均衡和路径策略，生成进行数据传输的内容路由表，包括：
    所述SDN控制层分配CDN应用所需资源；
    根据网络负载均衡结合内容分发的路径策略生成内容分发阶段的进行数据传输的内容路由表；
    根据网络负载均衡结合内容交付的路径策略生成内容交付阶段的进行数据传输的内容路由表。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述SDN数据转发层从CDN的网络实体资源调用相关内容执行CDN业务的相关操作，包括：
    所述SDN数据转发层从CDN的网络实体资源调用相关内容执行CDN业务的内容分发、内容缓存、内容交付的操作，其中：
    所述执行CDN业务的内容分发的操作包括：接收到内容分发请求，根据内容分发请求，按照预先设定的分发策略将存储在内容存储节点中的内容提取后注入到CDN网络的内容分发节点；
    所述执行CDN业务的内容缓存的操作包括：接收所述内容分发节点的内容进行缓存；根据缓存策略，将用户终端访问过的内容预先缓存在CDN网络的内容缓存节点中，以快速地提供热点内容给邻近的内容交付节点和用户终端使用；
    所述执行CDN业务的内容交付的操作包括：根据内容交付请求，将内容缓存节点中的内容提取出来提供给CDN网络的内容交付节点进行内容流化，并传输给用户终端。
  4. 根据权利要求1～3任一项所述的方法，接收到CDN应用申请时，所述方法还包括：所述SDN应用层通过CDN应用申请进行注册，获取所需引擎支持信息；
    根据所需引擎支持信息调度所需引擎，以支持CDN应用申请。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的方法，所述方法还包括：
    所述SDN应用层在接收到内容分发请求时，根据预先设定的内容分发策略来确定所要提取的内容的内容存储节点，并确定所要注入的内容分发节点及执行所述内容分发请求所需的资源需求；根据缓存策略确定所要注入的内容缓存节点及执行所述内容分发请求所需的资源需求；所述SDN应用层将所述内容分发请求，以及确定的所要注入的内容缓存节点及执行所述内容分发请求所需的资源需求经所述SDN控制层转发至所述SDN数据转发层；
    所述SDN应用层在接收到内容交付请求时，确定所要提取内容的内容缓存节点及执行该内容交付请求所需的资源需求；确定所要提供媒体服务的内容交付节点及执行该内容交付请求所需的资源需求；所述SDN应用层将所述内容交付请求，以及确定的所要提供媒体服务的内容交付节点及执行该内容交付请求所需的资源需求经所述SDN控制层转发至所述SDN数据转发层。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的方法，在支持业务链功能下，所述方法还包括：所述SDN应用层根据业务链中所定义的访问信息，确定对所述分配的CDN应用所需资源和所述调度的所需引擎的访问顺序并执行相关操作。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的方法，在确定对所述分配的CDN应用所需资源和所述调度的所需引擎的访问顺序并执行相关操作后，所述方法还包括： 所述SDN应用层对CDN应用申请所分配的CDN应用所需资源和调度的所需引擎进行计费。
  8. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，所述方法还包括：所述SDN控制层通过网络负载均衡、业务负载均衡和内容负载均衡确定内容分发和内容交付的负载均衡。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的方法，其中，所述SDN控制层通过网络负载均衡、业务负载均衡和内容负载均衡确定内容分发和内容交付的负载均衡，包括：
    根据内容交付节点的业务负载均衡，确定为用户终端提供媒体服务的内容交付节点的服务器节点；
    根据内容负载均衡确定内容缓存节点；
    根据内容分发过程的网络负载均衡和内容负载均衡，确定内容分发的网络路径，根据内容交付过程的网络负载均衡和内容负载均衡，确定内容交付的网络路径。
  10. 一种基于软件定义网络SDN实现内容分发网络CDN的系统，其特征在于，在SDN的数据转发层添加CDN的网络实体资源，所述系统包括：应用功能单元、控制单元及数据转发单元，其中：
    所述应用功能单元，位于SDN应用层，设置为当接收到CDN应用申请时，根据CDN应用申请生成资源需求和业务编排信息，根据资源需求和业务编排信息向所述控制单元发送CDN应用所需资源的预留申请；
    所述控制单元，位于SDN控制层，设置为根据预留申请，分配CDN应用所需资源，并结合网络负载均衡和路径策略，生成进行数据传输的内容路由表，根据内容路由表生成数据链路层L2和网络层L3转发表，发送到所述数据转发单元；
    所述数据转发单元，位于SDN数据转发层，设置为接收到内容分发请求和内容交付请求时，根据所述L2和L3转发表，从CDN的网络实体资源调用相关内容执行CDN业务的相关操作。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的系统，所述控制单元是设置为：
    根据预留申请，分配CDN应用所需资源；
    根据网络负载均衡结合内容分发的路径策略生成内容分发阶段的进行数据传输的内容路由表；根据网络负载均衡结合内容交付的路径策略生成内容交付阶段的进行数据传输的内容路由表；
    根据内容路由表生成L2和L3转发表，发送到所述数据转发单元。
  12. 根据权利要求10所述的系统，其中，所述CDN的网络实体资源包括以下资源的一种或多种：
    转发交换机、转发路由器、转发网关、内容存储服务器、内容分发服务器、内容缓存服务器、内容交付服务器以及其他支持SDN转发协议的自定义设备。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的系统，所述数据转发单元是设置为：
    接收到所述内容分发请求和所述内容交付请求时，根据所述L2和L3转发表，从CDN的网络实体资源调用相关内容执行CDN业务的内容分发、内容缓存、内容交付的操作，其中：
    所述执行CDN业务的内容分发的操作包括：接收到内容分发请求，根据内容分发请求，按照预先设定的分发策略将存储在内容存储节点中的内容提取后注入到CDN网络的内容分发节点；
    所述执行CDN业务的内容缓存的操作包括：接收所述内容分发节点的内容进行缓存；根据缓存策略，将用户终端访问过的内容预先缓存在CDN网络的内容缓存节点中，以快速地提供热点内容给邻近的内容交付节点和用户终端使用；
    所述执行CDN业务的内容交付的操作包括：根据内容交付请求，将内容缓存节点中的内容提取出来提供给CDN网络的内容交付节点进行内容流化，并传输给用户终端。
  14. 根据权利要求10～13任一项所述的系统，所述应用功能单元还设置为，接收到CDN应用申请时，通过CDN应用申请进行注册，获取所需引擎支持信息；
    根据所需引擎支持信息调度所需引擎，以支持CDN应用申请。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的系统，所述应用单元还设置为：
    在接收到内容分发请求时，根据预先设定的内容分发策略来确定所要提取的内容的内容存储节点，并确定所要注入的内容分发节点及执行所述内容分发请求所需的资源需求；根据缓存策略确定所要注入的内容缓存节点及执行所述内容分发请求所需的资源需求；将所述内容分发请求，以及确定的所要注入的内容缓存节点及执行所述内容分发请求所需的资源需求经所述控制单元转发至所述数据转发单元；
    接收到内容交付请求时，确定所要提取内容的内容缓存节点及执行该内容交付请求所需的资源需求；确定所要提供媒体服务的内容交付节点及执行该内容交付请求所需的资源需求；将所述内容交付请求，以及确定的所要提供媒体服务的内容交付节点及执行该内容交付请求所需的资源需求经所述控制单元转发至所述数据转发单元。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的系统，所述应用功能单元还设置为：在支持业务链功能下，根据业务链中所定义的访问信息，确定对所述分配的CDN应用所需资源和所述调度的所需引擎的访问顺序并执行相关操作。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的系统，所述应用单元还设置为，在确定对所述分配的CDN应用所需资源和所述调度的所需引擎的访问顺序并执行相关操作后，对CDN应用申请所分配的CDN应用所需资源和调度的所需引擎进行计费。
  18. 根据权利要求11所述的系统，所述控制单元还设置为：通过网络负载均衡、业务负载均衡和内容负载均衡确定内容分发和内容交付的负载均衡。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的系统，所述控制单元通过网络负载均衡、业务负载均衡和内容负载均衡确定内容分发和内容交付的负载均衡，包括：
    所述控制单元根据内容交付节点的业务负载均衡，确定为用户终端提供媒体服务的内容交付节点的服务器节点；
    所述控制单元根据内容负载均衡确定内容缓存节点；
    所述控制单元根据内容分发过程的网络负载均衡和内容负载均衡，确定内容分发的网络路径，根据内容交付过程的网络负载均衡和内容负载均衡， 确定内容交付的网络路径。
  20. 根据权利要求10所述的系统，其中，所述应用功能单元还包括外部应用接口，设置为接收CDN应用申请；接收外部指令，对以下单元至少之一进行调整：应用功能单元、控制单元、数据转发单元；
    所述应用单元与控制单元通过北向接口连接；
    所述控制单元与数据转发单元通过南向接口连接。
  21. 一种计算机可读存储介质，存储有程序指令，当该程序指令被执行时可实现权利要求1-9任一项所述的方法。
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