WO2016089177A1 - 양극 활물질, 이의 제조방법, 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 - Google Patents
양극 활물질, 이의 제조방법, 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016089177A1 WO2016089177A1 PCT/KR2015/013267 KR2015013267W WO2016089177A1 WO 2016089177 A1 WO2016089177 A1 WO 2016089177A1 KR 2015013267 W KR2015013267 W KR 2015013267W WO 2016089177 A1 WO2016089177 A1 WO 2016089177A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a positive electrode active material, a method of manufacturing the same, and a lithium secondary battery including the same.
- Lithium secondary batteries have been widely used as power sources for portable devices since they emerged in 1991 as small, light and large capacity batteries. Recently, with the rapid development of electronics, telecommunications, and computer industry, camcorders, mobile phones, notebook PCs, etc. have emerged, and they are developing remarkably, and the demand for lithium secondary battery as a power source to drive these portable electronic information communication devices increases day by day. Doing.
- Lithium secondary batteries have a problem in that their lifespan drops rapidly as they are repeatedly charged and discharged. In particular, this problem is more serious under high temperature or high voltage. This is due to a phenomenon in which the electrolyte is decomposed or the active material is deteriorated due to moisture or other effects in the battery, and the internal resistance of the battery is increased.
- LiCoO 2 having a layered structure. LiCoO 2 is most commonly used due to its excellent lifespan characteristics and charge and discharge efficiency. However, LiCoO 2 has a low structural stability and thus is not applicable to high capacity technology of batteries.
- LiNiO 2 LiNiO 2
- LiMnO 2 LiMn 2 O 4
- LiFePO 4 Li (Ni x CoyMnz) O 2
- LiNiO 2 has the advantage of exhibiting battery characteristics of high discharge capacity, but the synthesis is difficult by a simple solid phase reaction, there is a problem of low thermal stability and low cycle characteristics.
- lithium manganese oxides such as LiMnO 2 or LiMn 2 O 4 have advantages in that they are excellent in thermal safety and inexpensive, but have a small capacity and low temperature characteristics.
- LiMn 2 O 4 but a part merchandising products to low cost, since the Mn + 3 structure modification (Jahn-Teller distortion) due to the not good life property.
- LiFePO 4 has a low price and excellent safety, and a lot of research is being made for hybrid electric vehicles (HEV), but it is difficult to apply to other fields due to low conductivity.
- Li (NixCoyMnz) O 2 is the most recently attracting attention as an alternative cathode active material for LiCoO 2 .
- This material is cheaper than LiCoO 2 and has advantages in that it can be used for high capacity and high voltage, but has a disadvantage in that the rate capability and the service life at high temperature are poor.
- the positive electrode active material is formed by doping a material such as Al, Ti, Sn, Ag, or Zn into the positive electrode active material, or by dry or wet coating a conductive metal on the surface of the positive electrode active material.
- the first technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to form a coating layer of a ceramic ion conductor having excellent lithium ion conductivity with respect to lithium composite metal oxide particles to a uniform thickness, in a battery generated due to the formation of a non-uniform coating layer It is to provide a method for producing a positive electrode active material that can minimize the reduction in capacity and improve the battery life characteristics.
- the second technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to be produced by the above manufacturing method, to promote the movement of lithium ions on the surface of the lithium composite metal oxide particles, and at the same time can exhibit an impact absorbing effect during the pressing process during the production of the positive electrode
- the third technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a positive electrode including the positive electrode active material.
- the fourth technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a lithium secondary battery, a battery module and a battery pack including the positive electrode.
- the lithium composite metal oxide particles are mixed with the nanosol of the ceramic-based ion conductor and heat treated, the coating layer comprising a ceramic-based ion conductor on the lithium composite metal oxide particles It provides a method for producing a positive electrode active material comprising the step of forming a.
- particles of a lithium composite metal oxide prepared by the manufacturing method, particles of a lithium composite metal oxide; And a coating layer positioned on the lithium composite metal oxide particles and including a ceramic ion conductor.
- a cathode including the cathode active material is provided.
- a lithium secondary battery a battery module, and a battery pack including the positive electrode.
- the method for producing a positive electrode active material according to the present invention utilizes a nano-sol of a ceramic ion conductor having excellent lithium ion ionicity, thereby promoting the movement of lithium ions to the surface of the lithium composite metal oxide particles and simultaneously pressing the positive electrode during the production of the positive electrode. It is possible to uniformly coat a ceramic-based ion conductor that can exhibit an impact absorption effect during the process. As a result, the cathode active material manufactured by the manufacturing method may exhibit improved lifespan characteristics with a minimized capacity reduction when the battery is applied.
- Figure 2 shows the X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) results of the nano-sol of the ceramic ion conductor prepared in Preparation Example 1.
- FIG. 3 is a photograph of the surface of the cathode active material prepared in Example 1-1 using a Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM).
- FE-SEM Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscope
- Figure 4 is a photograph of the surface of the positive electrode active material prepared in Comparative Example 1-2 by FE-SEM.
- the lithium composite metal oxide particles are mixed with a nanosol of a ceramic ion conductor and heat treated to form a coating layer including a ceramic ion conductor on the lithium composite metal oxide particles. Forming a step.
- the ceramic ion conductor may specifically include at least one of an ion conductive ceramic and a metal ceramic.
- the ion conductive ceramic is specifically Y, Ca, or Yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ ) , calcia stabilized zirconia (CSZ), scandia-stabilized zirconia (SSZ), or the like.
- Zirconia (ZrO 2 ) -based oxides doped with Sc Gd, Y or Sm doped, such as gadolinia doped ceria (GDC), samarium doped ceria (SDC), Yttria-doped ceria (YDC) Ceria (CeO 2 ) based oxides; Lanthanum strontium gallate magnesite (LSGM), lanthanum strontium manganite (LSM), or lanthanum strontium cobalt ferrite (LSCF). Species alone or mixtures of two or more may be used.
- the YSZ is a ceramic material made of zirconium oxide (zirconia) added with yttrium oxide (yttria) to be stable at room temperature.
- the YSZ may be part of the yttria is added by being Zr 4 + ions to be substituted for the zirconia are Y 3+. This is replaced by three O 2 ions instead of four O 2 ions, resulting in oxygen vacancy. Because of this oxygen deficiency, YSZ has O 2 -ion conductivity, and the higher the temperature, the better the conductivity.
- YSZ is Zr (1-x) Y x O 2 -x / 2 , where 0.01 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.1, and more specifically 0.08 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.1.
- normal temperature means the temperature range in 23 +/- 5 degreeC unless it is specifically defined.
- the CSZ is a ceramic material made by adding calcium oxide (calcia) to zirconium oxide (zirconia) to be stable at room temperature. By adding calcia, the thermal stability of zirconia can be improved.
- the CSZ is a mixed state of a cubic crystal structure and a tetragonal crystal structure. The tetragonal crystal structure changes to a cubic crystal structure when the temperature rises, and changes to a tetragonal crystal structure when the temperature decreases. In this process, the expansion and contraction of the volume may be repeated.
- the SSZ is by the addition of scandium oxide (scandia) to zirconium oxide (zirconia) of a ceramic material so as to create a stable even at room temperature, specifically, the (ZrO 2) 1- 2x (Sc 2 O 3) x, (ZrO 2) 1-2x (Sc 2 O) 3x-z (Y 2 O 3 ) z or (ZrO 2 ) 1-2x- z (Sc 2 O 3 ) x (CeO 2 ) z (where 0.01 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.2, 0.01 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.1).
- the GDC is ceria doped with gadolinium oxide (Gd 2 O 3 ), and has high ion conductivity like LSGM. Specifically, Gd 0.1 Ce 0.9 O 1.95 can be mentioned.
- the LSGM is a lanthanum-strontium-gallium-magnesium oxide doped with Sr and Mg and having high lithium ion conductivity, and specifically, ( La x Sr 1 -x ) (Ga y Mg 1 -y ) O 3-.
- ⁇ (0.05 ⁇ x ⁇ 1 and 0.05 ⁇ y ⁇ 1, and ⁇ may be defined as a value meaning a small deviation from perfect stoichiometry) and the like.
- the LSM is a lanthanum manganate doped with Sr in LaMnO 3 and has a manganese-based perovskite structure. Specifically LaSrMnO or La (1-x) Sr x MnO 3 (0.01 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.3), or La (1-y) Sr y Mn z O 3 - ⁇ (0.05 ⁇ y ⁇ 1, 0.95 ⁇ z ⁇ 1.15 And ⁇ can be defined as a value meaning a small deviation from the ideal stoichiometry).
- the LSCF is a lanthanum ferrite doped with Sr and Co in LaFeO 3 , and has excellent stability at high temperature and high ion conductivity.
- the metal ceramic is manufactured by mixing and sintering a ceramic and a metal powder, and has both characteristics of a ceramic having high heat resistance and hardness, and a metal having plastic deformation or electrical conductivity.
- the ceramic may be the ion conductive ceramic described above, and the metal may be nickel, molybdenum, cobalt, or the like.
- the metal ceramic may be a cermet such as nickel-yttria stabilized zirconia cermet (Ni-YSZ cermet).
- the ceramic ion conductor may exhibit a peak of a single phase in X-ray diffraction analysis using Cu (K ⁇ -ray).
- the ceramic ion conductor is specifically YSZ, GDC, LSGM, It may include any one selected from the group consisting of LSM, CSZ, SSZ and Ni-YSZ or a mixture of two or more thereof, and more specifically any selected from the group consisting of YSZ, GDC, LSGM, SSZ and CSZ. It may be one or a mixture of two or more thereof.
- the ceramic ion conductor may include YSZ, and the YSZ is Zr (1-x) Y x O 2 -x / 2 ( At this time, 0.01 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.30, and more specifically 0.08 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.10).
- Y enters the Zr site and has a superstructure, resulting in oxygen deficiency in the structure, resulting in a large amount of empty space on the surface of the cathode active material. Can occur.
- Such void space facilitates the insertion and desorption of lithium on the surface of the positive electrode active material, and as a result, greatly increases the lithium ion conductivity on the surface of the active material particles, thereby minimizing the capacity and output reduction of the battery.
- the ceramic ion conductor may be to include SSZ, (ZrO 2) 1- 2x (Sc 2 O 3) x, (ZrO 2 ) 1-2x (Sc 2 O) 3x-z (Y 2 O 3 ) z , (ZrO 2 ) 1-2x- z (Sc 2 O 3 ) x (CeO 2 ) z (0.01 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.2, 0.01 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.l) and mixtures thereof, and may include SSZ selected from the group consisting of a mixture thereof.
- the ceramic ion conductor has a CaO content in the total weight of CSZ of 1 mol% to 20 mol%, more specifically, 2 mol% to 17 mol%. It may be to include a CSZ.
- the average particle diameter (D 50 ) of the ceramic ion conductor may be 1 nm to 100 nm. Uniform dispersion in the sol is possible when having a particle size within this range. More specifically, the average particle diameter (D 50 ) of the ceramic ion conductor may be 1 nm to 50 nm, and more specifically 1 nm to 5 nm.
- the average particle diameter (D 50 ) of the ceramic ion conductor may be defined as the particle size based on 50% of the particle size distribution.
- the average particle diameter (D 50 ) of the particles according to an embodiment of the present invention can be measured using, for example, a laser diffraction method.
- the laser diffraction method can measure the particle diameter of several mm from the submicron region, and high reproducibility and high resolution can be obtained.
- the method for measuring the average particle diameter (D 50 ) of the YSZ is introduced into a commercially available laser diffraction particle size measuring apparatus (eg, Microtrac MT 3000) for nanosols of YSZ, and outputs ultrasonic waves of about 28 kHz. was irradiated with W, it is possible to calculate the average particle diameter (D 50) of from 50% based on the particle size distribution of the measuring device.
- a commercially available laser diffraction particle size measuring apparatus eg, Microtrac MT 3000
- the nano-sol of the ceramic ion conductor is 50ppm to about the total weight of the positive electrode active material content of the ceramic ion conductor contained in the positive electrode active material to be finally prepared It may be used in an amount such that it is 300,000 ppm, more specifically 100 ppm to 10,000 ppm.
- the nano-sol of the ceramic ion conductor is prepared by dissolving a precursor of the metal for forming a ceramic ion conductor in a glycol solvent and then adding water to hydrate it. Can be.
- the ceramic ion conductor is crystalline, it does not exhibit lithium ion conductivity and has very low reactivity with lithium. Therefore, it is difficult to form a uniform coating layer when coating the active material surface.
- a hydroxide-based ceramic type having a nano-scale particle size and amorphous, having a hydroxyl group on the surface An ion conductor is formed.
- Such a ceramic ion conductor not only exhibits lithium ion conductivity per se, but also has excellent reactivity with lithium, and enables uniform and efficient coating layer formation on a lithium composite metal oxide in an active material to be finally manufactured.
- the glycol-based solvent that can be used in the preparation of the nanosol is a dihydric alcohol having two hydroxyl groups in the molecule, and specifically, may be ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol or polyethylene glycol, and any one of them. Or mixtures of two or more may be used.
- the metal-containing compound for forming the ceramic ion conductor specifically, hydroxide, oxyhydroxide, alkoxide, carbonate, acetate, oxalate, citrate, nitrate, nitride, Sulfates, sulfides, halides or hydrates thereof, and the like, and any one or a mixture of two or more thereof may be used.
- the metal for forming the ceramic ion conductor may be a metal constituting the ceramic ion conductor, specifically, rare earth elements such as Y, Sc, Gd, Sm, Ce, or La; And one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Zr, or alkaline earth metal elements such as Ca, Mg, or Sr; Transition metals such as Mg, Co or Fe; And a mixed element with one or more elements selected from the group consisting of post-transition metals such as Ga.
- precursors of YSZ include zirconium dinitrate dihydrate (ZrO (NO 3 ) 2 ⁇ 2H 2 O) as a Zr-containing raw material and yttrium nitrate hexahydrate Y (NO 3 ) 3 ⁇ 6H as a raw material containing Y 2 O can be used.
- additives such as a chelating agent, a pH adjusting agent or a dispersing agent are further added to increase the solubility of the precursor of the metal for forming the ceramic ion conductor and to increase the dispersibility of the ceramic ion conductor to be manufactured.
- a chelating agent such as sodium EDTA
- a pH adjusting agent such as sodium bicarbonate
- a dispersing agent is further added to increase the solubility of the precursor of the metal for forming the ceramic ion conductor and to increase the dispersibility of the ceramic ion conductor to be manufactured.
- the pH adjusting agent may be an organic acid such as acetic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, or formic acid, or a basic compound such as ammonia, and may be included in an amount such that the pH of the nanosol is 6.5 to 8.
- the dispersant may be a polymer dispersant or a surfactant in detail, and may be included in an amount of 1 part by weight or less, or 0.1 to 0.5 part by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the ceramic ion conductor.
- a stirring or heat treatment process may be optionally further performed to increase the solubility.
- the stirring may be performed according to a conventional mixing process.
- the heat treatment process may be carried out at a temperature of 120 °C or more below the boiling point of the glycol solvent, specifically 120 °C to 300 °C, more specifically 120 °C to 200 °C, even more specifically 120 °C to It may be carried out at 180 °C.
- a cooling process may be further performed as necessary.
- the cooling process may be performed according to a conventional method such as natural cooling or cold wind cooling.
- an amorphous ceramic-based ion conductor at the nanoparticle level is generated by the reaction between the precursors.
- a hydroxide process using water may be performed on the resulting reactant containing ceramic ion conductor.
- a mixed solvent of a solvent containing water and a hydroxyl group may be used, and the hydroxyl group-containing solvent may be specifically an alcohol (eg, methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, etc.), or a polyol (eg, ethylene glycol).
- an alcohol eg, methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, etc.
- a polyol eg, ethylene glycol
- Propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, butane diol, glycerin, etc. Propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, butane diol, glycerin, etc.
- the hydroxide process may exhibit excellent reactivity with respect to lithium by binding water molecules to the ceramic ion conductor, and may form a uniform and highly efficient coating layer for the lithium composite metal oxide in the active material to be finally manufactured.
- the nano-sol of the ceramic ion conductor may include aluminum (Al), niobium (Nb), titanium (Ti), tungsten (W), and molybdenum ( Mo), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), vanadium (V) and zinc (Zn), any one selected from the group consisting of or a mixed metal of two or more thereof; Alternatively, the nanosol of the above metal may be further included.
- the metals may be included in the form of an oxide in the coating layer of the positive electrode active material to be finally manufactured to further improve battery characteristics.
- Such metal may be included in an amount such that the concentration of the oxide of the metal included in the positive electrode active material to be finally produced is 50ppm to 300,000ppm, more specifically 100ppm to 10,000ppm.
- the nanosol of the metal may be prepared by dissolving a metal precursor in a glycol-based solvent to react with a precursor of the nanosol of a ceramic ion conductor, and preparing a nanosol of the metal, followed by hydroxide addition of water.
- Precursors of the metal are aluminum (Al), niobium (Nb), titanium (Ti), tungsten (W), molybdenum (Mo), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), vanadium (V) and zinc (Zn). It may be any one selected from the group consisting of or a compound containing two or more of these mixed metals. Specifically, hydroxides, oxyhydroxides, alkoxides, carbonates, acetates, oxalates, citrates, nitrates, nitrides, sulfates, sulfides, halides or hydrates thereof, and the like, or any one or a mixture of two or more thereof. This can be used.
- the lithium composite metal oxide may be a composite metal oxide of lithium with one or more metals selected from the group consisting of nickel, manganese and cobalt.
- the lithium composite metal oxide may include a compound of Formula 1 below:
- 0 ⁇ a ⁇ 0.33, 0 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.5, and 0 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.5, more specifically 0 ⁇ a ⁇ 0.09, and even more specifically, a 0.
- the effect of coating the ceramic-based ion conductor on the lithium composite metal particles may be less than about 10% of the difference in lifespan characteristics compared to the case of coating a conventional metal oxide.
- the effect of coating the ceramic-based ion conductor on the lithium composite metal particles may be 30 to 70% higher than that of other metal oxides. have.
- the lithium composite metal oxide is LiCoO 2 , LiMnO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 , LiNiO 2 , and lithium in that the capacity characteristics and stability of the battery can be improved
- Nickel manganese cobalt oxide eg, Li (Ni 0.6 Mn 0.2 Co 0.2 ) O 2 , LiNi 0 . 5 Mn 0 . 3 Co 0 . 2 O 2 , or LiNi 0 . 8 Mn 0 . 1 Co 0 . 1 O 2, etc.
- the average particle diameter (D 50 ) of the positive electrode active material according to an embodiment of the present invention may be 3 ⁇ m to 25 ⁇ m, more specifically may be 5 to 25 ⁇ m.
- the average particle diameter (D 50) of the lithium-metal composite oxide particles was measured by the same method described in the average particle diameter (D 50) of the ceramic-based ion conductor.
- the cathode active material according to an embodiment of the present invention may be primary particles of a lithium composite metal oxide, or secondary particles formed by assembling the primary particles.
- the positive electrode active material is a primary particle of a lithium composite metal oxide
- generation of surface impurities such as Li 2 CO 3 , LiOH, and the like caused by reaction with moisture in the air or CO 2 is reduced, and thus there is a low risk of deterioration of battery capacity and gas generation. Also, excellent high temperature stability can be exhibited.
- the cathode active material is secondary particles in which primary particles are assembled, output characteristics may be more excellent.
- the average particle size of the primary particles may be 10 nm to 200 nm.
- the form of such active material particles may be appropriately determined according to the composition of the lithium composite metal oxide constituting the active material.
- the mixing of the particles of the lithium composite metal oxide and the ceramic ion conductor nanosol is, for example, a solvent and a dispersant in a ceramic ion conductor or a precursor thereof.
- the nanosol may be performed by surface treatment by various methods such as mixing, coating, spraying, or dipping with particles of a lithium composite metal oxide.
- the heat treatment may be performed for 4 hours to 10 hours in the temperature range of 100 °C to 600 °C.
- a coating layer including a ceramic ion conductor and optionally a metal oxide may be formed on the surface of the lithium composite metal oxide particles by heat treatment.
- the method of manufacturing a cathode active material according to an embodiment of the present invention may further include the step of firing after the heat treatment.
- the firing process may be performed for 4 hours to 10 hours in the temperature range of 500 °C to 1000 °C.
- the oxidation of the metal is promoted, and the metal oxide selectively used in forming the ceramic-based ion conductor and the coating layer into the lithium composite metal oxide particles.
- the metal element of may have a concentration gradient that decreases toward the inside from the surface of the lithium composite metal oxide particles.
- the metal element may exist up to about 500 nm from the surface of the lithium composite metal oxide particle.
- structural crystal collapse of the cathode active material may be prevented to improve structural stability and electrochemical properties.
- the lithium composite metal oxide doped with the metal element may specifically include a compound of Formula 2 below:
- M ' is a metal element derived from a ceramic ion conductor, specifically, Y, Zr, La, Sr, Ga, Mg, Sc, Gd, Sm, Ca, Ce, Co, Mn and Fe It may be any one selected from the group consisting of two or more mixed elements thereof, more specifically any one or two or more selected from the group consisting of Y, Zr, La, Sr, Ga, Sc, Gd, Sm and Ce It may be a mixed element, and more specifically, at least one element selected from the group consisting of Y and Zr.
- M ′′ is derived from a metal nanosol which may be selectively included in the nanosol, and specifically, in the group consisting of Al, Nb, Ti, W, Mo, Cr, Cu, V, and Zn. Any one or two or more mixed elements selected, and more specifically, any one or two or more mixed elements selected from the group consisting of Al, Nb and Ti.
- M 'and M may be each independently distributed in a concentration gradient gradually decreasing from the particle surface to the center in the particles of the lithium composite metal oxide.
- concentration of the metal to be doped is distributed in a concentration gradient that gradually changes, so that there is no abrupt phase boundary region in the active material, so that the crystal structure is stabilized and thermal stability is increased.
- concentration gradient that is distributed at a high concentration and decreases in concentration toward the particle center, it is possible to prevent a decrease in capacity while showing thermal stability.
- the total atomic weight of each of the doping elements M' and M" included in the positive electrode active material is based on The concentration of M 'in a region within 10% by volume of the particle center (hereinafter simply referred to as' Rc 10 region') and a region within 10% by volume of the particle surface (hereinafter simply referred to as' Rs 10 region ')
- the difference may be 10 to 90 atomic% and the difference in concentration of M ′′ may be 10 to 90 atomic%.
- the concentration gradient structure and concentration of the doping element in the positive electrode active material particles are determined by an electron probe micro analyzer (EPMA), inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-). AES) or Time of Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), and more specifically, using EPMA to move from the center of the cathode active material to the surface. While measuring the atomic ratio of each metal (atomic ratio) can be measured.
- EPMA electron probe micro analyzer
- ICP- inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometer
- TOF-SIMS Time of Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry
- a conventional wet mixing method is formed by forming a coating layer containing a ceramic ion conductor on a particle surface of a lithium composite metal oxide using a nanosol of a ceramic ion conductor.
- the coating layer formed on the surface of the lithium composite metal oxide particles can be formed more uniformly, and by reducing the amount of solvent used, damage of the lithium composite metal oxide particles due to the solvent can be minimized. Can be.
- the cathode active material manufactured by the manufacturing method includes specific composite particles having a single phase, that is, an amorphous ceramic-based ion conductor, thereby minimizing capacity reduction and output reduction of the secondary battery.
- specific composite particles having a single phase that is, an amorphous ceramic-based ion conductor
- the structural characteristics of the ceramic ion conductor it is possible to minimize the cracking phenomenon of the positive electrode active material due to the shock absorbing effect during the positive electrode process, in particular the pressing process, thereby further improving the life characteristics when applied to the secondary battery.
- a cathode active material prepared by the above-described manufacturing method is provided.
- the cathode active material may include particles of a lithium composite metal oxide, and a coating layer disposed on the particles of the lithium composite metal oxide and including a ceramic ion conductor.
- the particles of the lithium composite metal oxide and the ceramic ion conductor are the same as described above.
- the coating layer may include a single-phase ceramic ion conductor.
- the single phase ceramic ion conductor exhibits a single phase peak upon XRD measurement.
- the coating layer is any one or two or more selected from the group consisting of YSZ, CSZ, SSZ, GDC, LSGM, LSM and Ni-YSZ as the ceramic ion conductor. It may be to include the.
- the coating layer is any one selected from the group consisting of YSZ, CSZ, SSZ, GDC and LSGM or a mixture of two or more thereof as a zirconia-based ceramic ion conductor. It may be.
- the YSZ may be Zr (1-x) Y x O 2 -x / 2, 0.01 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.08, and more specifically 0.03 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.08.
- Y may enter the Zr site to form a single phase first, and since the cathode active material structure has a superstructure, oxygen deficiency may occur in the structure to generate a lot of empty space. have.
- the movement path of lithium in the YSZ has a lot of space for Li to escape on the surface of the positive electrode active material due to the empty space due to oxygen deficiency inside the YSZ structure.
- the SSZ is specifically (ZrO 2) 1- 2x (Sc 2 O 3) x, (ZrO 2) 1-2x (Sc 2 O) 3x- z (Y 2 O 3) z, or (ZrO 2) 1-2x-z (Sc 2 O 3 ) x (CeO 2 ) z , where 0.01 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.2, 0.01 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.l.
- the CSZ may be a CaO content of 2% to 17% by weight of the total CSZ weight.
- the ceramic ion conductor may be included in the coating layer in an amount of 50 ppm to 300000 ppm, more specifically, 100 ppm to 10,000 ppm, based on the total weight of the cathode active material. have.
- the coating layer further comprises an oxide containing at least one element of Al, Nb, Ti, Ca, W, Mo, Fe, Cr, Cu, V, and Zn.
- the oxide containing the above element may be included in the coating layer in an amount of 50 ppm to 300000 ppm, more specifically, 100 ppm to 10,000 ppm, based on the total weight of the positive electrode active material.
- the coating layer may be formed in a thickness range of 1 to 5000nm from the outer surface of the lithium composite metal oxide particles.
- the coating layer has an excellent thickness uniformity by using a nanosol in the manufacture.
- the coating layer may have a thickness uniformity of 20 nm or less.
- the thickness uniformity means a thickness deviation between the maximum thickness value and the minimum thickness value.
- the average particle diameter (D 50 ) of the positive electrode active material according to an embodiment of the present invention may be 3 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m, and also improve the rate characteristics and initial capacity characteristics of the battery according to the optimization of the specific surface area and the positive electrode mixture density In consideration of the effect, the average particle diameter (D 50 ) of the cathode active material may be more specifically 5 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m.
- the cathode active material according to an embodiment of the present invention may be primary particles of a lithium composite metal oxide, or secondary particles formed by assembling the primary particles.
- the positive electrode active material is a primary particle of a lithium composite metal oxide
- generation of surface impurities such as Li 2 CO 3 , LiOH, and the like caused by reaction with moisture in the air or CO 2 is reduced, and thus there is a low risk of deterioration of battery capacity and gas generation. Also, excellent high temperature stability can be exhibited.
- the cathode active material is secondary particles in which primary particles are assembled, output characteristics may be more excellent.
- the average particle diameter of the primary particles may be 10 nm to 200 nm.
- the form of such active material particles may be appropriately determined according to the composition of the lithium composite metal oxide constituting the active material.
- a positive electrode including the positive electrode active material prepared by the above manufacturing method.
- the positive electrode may be manufactured by a conventional positive electrode manufacturing method known in the art, except for using the positive electrode active material described above.
- a slurry is prepared by mixing and stirring a solvent, a binder, a conductive material, or a dispersant in a positive electrode active material, if necessary, and then coating (coating) the positive electrode current collector and drying to form a positive electrode active material layer to dry the positive electrode. It can manufacture.
- the positive electrode current collector is a metal having high conductivity, and may be any metal as long as the slurry of the positive electrode active material is not easily reactive in a voltage range of a battery.
- Non-limiting examples of the positive electrode current collector include a foil made of aluminum, nickel, or a combination thereof.
- the solvent for forming the positive electrode includes an organic solvent such as NMP (N-methyl pyrrolidone), DMF (dimethyl formamide), acetone, dimethyl acetamide or water, and these solvents alone or 2 It can mix and use species.
- the amount of the solvent used is sufficient to dissolve and disperse the positive electrode active material, the binder, and the conductive material in consideration of the coating thickness of the slurry and the production yield.
- the binder includes vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (PVDF-co-HFP), polyvinylidene fluoride, polyacrylonitrile, polymethylmethacrylate, poly Vinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), starch, hydroxypropyl cellulose, regenerated cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, tetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyacrylic acid, ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM), liquor Fonned EPDM, styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), fluorine rubber, poly acrylic acid and polymers in which hydrogen thereof is replaced by Li, Na or Ca, or the like, or Various kinds of binder polymers such as various copolymers can be used.
- the binder may be included in an amount of 1 to 30 wt% based on the total weight of the cathode active material layer.
- the conductive material is not particularly limited as long as it has conductivity without causing chemical change in the battery.
- Examples of the conductive material include graphite such as natural graphite and artificial graphite; Carbon-based materials such as carbon black, acetylene black, ketjen black, channel black, farnes black, lamp black, thermal black carbon nanotubes or carbon fibers; Metal powder or metal fibers such as copper, nickel, aluminum, and silver; Conductive whiskers such as fluorocarbon, zinc oxide or potassium titanate; Conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide; Or conductive polymers such as polyphenylene derivatives, and any one or a mixture of two or more thereof may be used.
- the conductive material may be included in an amount of 1 to 30 wt% based on the total weight of the positive electrode active material layer.
- a lithium secondary battery including the cathode active material manufactured by the above-described manufacturing method.
- the lithium secondary battery specifically includes a separator interposed between the positive electrode, the negative electrode, the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- a carbon material lithium metal, silicon, tin, or the like, in which lithium ions may be occluded and released, may be used.
- a carbon material may be used, and as the carbon material, both low crystalline carbon and high crystalline carbon may be used.
- Soft crystalline carbon and hard carbon are typical of low crystalline carbon.
- Natural crystalline carbon is natural graphite, Kish graphite, pyrolytic carbon, liquid crystal pitch carbon fiber.
- High temperature calcined carbon such as (mesophase pitch based carbon fiber), meso-carbon microbeads, Mesophase pitches and petroleum or coal tar pitch derived cokes.
- the negative electrode current collector is generally made of a thickness of 3 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m.
- a negative electrode current collector is not particularly limited as long as it has conductivity without causing chemical change in the battery.
- the surface of copper, stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, calcined carbon, copper or stainless steel Surface-treated with carbon, nickel, titanium, silver, and the like, and aluminum-cadmium alloys may be used.
- fine concavities and convexities may be formed on the surface to enhance the bonding strength of the negative electrode active material, and may be used in various forms such as a film, a sheet, a foil, a net, a porous body, a foam, and a nonwoven fabric.
- the binder and the conductive material used for the negative electrode may be used as can be commonly used in the art as the positive electrode.
- the negative electrode may prepare a negative electrode by mixing and stirring the negative electrode active material and the additives to prepare a negative electrode active material slurry, and then applying the same to a current collector and compressing the negative electrode.
- porous polymer films conventionally used as separators for example, polyolefins such as ethylene homopolymer, propylene homopolymer, ethylene / butene copolymer, ethylene / hexene copolymer and ethylene / methacrylate copolymer, etc.
- the porous polymer film made of the polymer may be used alone or by laminating them, or a conventional porous nonwoven fabric, for example, a non-woven fabric made of high melting point glass fiber, polyethylene terephthalate fiber, or the like may be used. It is not.
- the lithium salt which can be included as an electrolyte used in the present invention can be used without limitation, those which are commonly used in a lithium secondary battery electrolyte, such as the lithium salt, the anion is F -, Cl -, Br -, I -, NO 3 -, N (CN) 2 -, BF 4 -, ClO 4 -, PF 6 -, (CF 3) 2 PF 4 -, (CF 3) 3 PF 3 -, (CF 3) 4 PF 2 -, (CF 3) 5 PF -, (CF 3) 6 P -, CF 3 SO 3 -, CF 3 CF 2 SO 3 -, (CF 3 SO 2) 2 N -, (FSO 2) 2 N -, CF 3 CF 2 (CF 3) 2 CO -, (CF 3 SO 2) 2 CH -, (SF 5) 3 C -, (CF 3 SO 2) 3 C -, CF 3 (CF 2) 7 SO 3 -, CF 3 CO 2 - may be any one
- Examples of the electrolyte used in the present invention include an organic liquid electrolyte, an inorganic liquid electrolyte, a solid polymer electrolyte, a gel polymer electrolyte, a solid inorganic electrolyte, a molten inorganic electrolyte, and the like, which can be used in manufacturing a lithium secondary battery. no.
- the lithium secondary battery having the above configuration may be manufactured by manufacturing an electrode assembly through a separator between a positive electrode and a negative electrode, placing the electrode assembly inside a case, and then injecting an electrolyte solution into the case.
- the lithium secondary battery including the cathode active material according to the present invention stably exhibits excellent discharge capacity, output characteristics, and capacity retention rate, portable devices such as mobile phones, notebook computers, digital cameras, and hybrid electric vehicles It is useful in the field of electric vehicles.
- a battery module including the lithium secondary battery as a unit cell and a battery pack including the same are provided.
- the battery module or the battery pack is a power tool (Power Tool); Electric vehicles including electric vehicles (EVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs); Or it can be used as a power source for any one or more of the system for power storage.
- Power Tool Electric vehicles including electric vehicles (EVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs); Or it can be used as a power source for any one or more of the system for power storage.
- NiCl 2 nickel chloride
- ethylene glycol (C 2 H 6 O 2 ) solution 20 g was dispersed in 400 g of ethylene glycol (C 2 H 6 O 2 ) solution, followed by stirring to prepare a mixed solution.
- the mixed solution was heated at a temperature of 160 ° C. for 5 hours with stirring, cooled to 90 ° C., and water was added to prepare Ni nanosols having an average particle diameter (D 50 ) of 10 nm.
- the precursor prepared above was placed in an alumina crucible and calcining was performed at about 860 ° C. for 6 hours in an air atmosphere.
- the cake obtained after firing was pulverized, and then classified using a 400 mesh sieve (American Tyler standard screen scale) to carry out LiNi 0.6 Mn 0.2 Co 0.2 O 2 (average particle diameter (D 50). ): 5 m).
- 6 Mn 0 . 2 Co 0 . 2 O 2 (average particle diameter (D 50 ): 5 ⁇ m) 50 g was mixed and mixed. The resulting mixture was heat treated at 400 ° C. for 6 hours, then induced and sieved to LiNi 0 . 6 Mn 0 . 2 Co 0 . 2 O 2 A cathode active material containing YSZ on the particle surface was prepared.
- Example 1-1 except for using the CSZ nanosol prepared in Preparation Example 2 instead of the YSZ nanosol prepared in Preparation Example 1 was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1-1 to the cathode active material Was prepared.
- Example 1-1 the positive electrode active material was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1-1 except for using the SSZ nanosol prepared in Preparation Example 3 instead of the YSZ nanosol prepared in Preparation Example 1. Was prepared.
- Example 1-1 the positive electrode active material was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1-1 except for using the GDC nanosol prepared in Preparation Example 4 instead of the YSZ nanosol prepared in Preparation Example 1. Was prepared.
- Example 1-1 except for using the LSGM nanosol prepared in Preparation Example 5 instead of the YSZ nanosol prepared in Preparation Example 1 was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1-1 to the cathode active material Was prepared.
- Ni nanosol prepared in Preparation Example 6 further mixed so that the Ni content is 0.2% by weight relative to the total weight of the lithium composite metal oxide.
- a positive electrode active material having a surface treatment layer containing an YSZ ceramic ion conductor and NiO (average particle diameter (D 50 ): 5 ⁇ m).
- a positive active material (average particle diameter (D 50 ): 5 ⁇ m) was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that YSZ nanosol was not added in Example 1-1.
- a positive electrode active material was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1-1, except for using an aqueous dispersion containing an average particle diameter (D 50 ) of 50 nm YSZ powder instead of the YSZ nanosol in Example 1-1.
- N-methyl-2 Positive electrode slurry was prepared by addition to pyrrolidone (NMP).
- NMP pyrrolidone
- the positive electrode slurry was applied to a thin film of aluminum (Al), which is a positive electrode current collector having a thickness of about 20 ⁇ m, dried to prepare a positive electrode, and then roll rolled to prepare a positive electrode.
- LiPF 6 was added to a non-aqueous electrolyte solvent prepared by mixing ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate as a electrolyte in a volume ratio of 30:70 to prepare a 1 M LiPF 6 non-aqueous electrolyte.
- a cell was prepared by injecting a lithium salt-containing electrolyte solution through a separator of porous polyethylene between the positive electrode and the negative electrode prepared above.
- a lithium secondary battery was manufactured by the same method as in Example 2-1, except for using the cathode active materials prepared in Examples 1-2 to 1-6, respectively.
- a lithium secondary battery was manufactured by the same method as Example 2, except that the cathode active materials prepared in Comparative Examples 1-1 and 1-2 were used, respectively.
- the nanosol of the ceramic ion conductor prepared in Preparation Example 1 was observed using a transmission electron microscope (TEM), and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) was performed.
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- XRD X-ray diffraction analysis
- the average particle diameter (D 50 ) in the nanosol is 5 nm or less, and the amorphous YSZ without a crystal pattern is prepared in the hydroxide state.
- Example 1-1 The surface of the cathode active material prepared in Example 1-1 was observed using a Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM), and the results are shown in FIG. 3.
- FE-SEM Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscope
- YSZ nanoparticles from Figure 3 is LiNi 0 . 6 Mn 0 . 2 Co 0 . 2 O 2 It can be seen that the oxide is uniformly coated on the surface.
- the YSZ powder is LiNi 0.6 Mn 0.2 Co 0.2 O 2 oxide It can be seen that the surface is unevenly coated.
- XRD analysis was performed on the cathode active material prepared in Example 1-1, and the crystal structure of YSZ contained in the coating layer was confirmed. XRD analysis was also performed on ZrO 2 for comparison.
- Measurement Zone and Step Angle / Measurement Time -10.0 degrees ⁇ 2 ⁇ ⁇ 90 degrees, 0.5 seconds, 0.024 degrees where 2 ⁇ represents the diffraction angle.
- YSZ showed a cubic crystal structure and showed a single-phase peak where 2 ⁇ of the main peak existed at 29 to 31 degrees.
- ZrO 2 showed a monoclinic crystal structure differently from YSZ, with a main peak between 27.5 and 28.5 degrees and a second peak between 31.1 and 31.8 degrees.
- Lithium secondary batteries (Examples 2-1 to 2-6 and Comparative Examples 2-1 and 2) including the cathode active materials prepared in Examples 1-1 to 1-6 and Comparative Examples 1-1 and 1-2, respectively
- the electrochemical evaluation experiment was performed as follows.
- the cycle characteristics evaluation was performed for the lithium secondary batteries prepared in Examples 2-1 to 2-6 and Comparative Examples 2-1 and 2-2 until the constant current (CC) of 4.25V of 0.5C at 25 °C.
- the battery was charged at a constant voltage (CV) of 4.25V and charged for the first time until the charging current became 0.05 mAh.
- the battery was discharged until it became 3.0V with a constant current of 1C (cut-off proceeded to 0.05C). This was repeated in 1 to 50 cycles.
- the results are shown in FIG.
- the lithium secondary batteries (Examples 2-1 to 2-6) including the positive electrode active materials of Examples 1-1 to 1-6, in which a coating layer was formed using nanosols, may have a surface coating layer.
- LiNi 0 . 6 Mn 0 . 2 Co 0 . 2 O 2 In the battery of Comparative Example 2-1 including the positive electrode active material of Comparative Example 1-1, in which the YSZ coating layer was not formed on the oxide surface, it can be confirmed that the capacity decreases as the number of battery cycles increases. In addition, LiNi 0 . 6 Mn 0 . 2 Co 0 . 2 O 2 When the YSZ coating layer was formed on the oxide surface, the battery of Example 2-1 including the positive electrode active material of Example 1-1 in which YSZ nanoparticles were uniformly coated, was prepared in Comparative Example 1-2 in which YSZ was unevenly coated. The capacity decrease was less than that of the battery of Comparative Example 2-2 containing the positive electrode active material.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (29)
- 리튬 복합금속 산화물 입자를 세라믹계 이온전도체의 나노졸과 혼합하고 열처리하여, 리튬 복합금속 산화물 입자 상에 세라믹계 이온전도체를 포함하는 코팅층을 형성하는 단계를 포함하는 양극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 세라믹계 이온전도체는 지르코니아계 세라믹, 세리아계 세라믹, 란타늄계 세라믹 및 이들의 서멧으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 어느 하나 또는 둘 이상의 혼합물을 포함하는 것인 양극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 세라믹계 이온전도체는 이트리아 안정화 지르코니아, 가돌리니아 도핑된 세리아, 사마륨 도핑된 세리아, 란타늄 스트론튬 코발트 페라이트, 란타늄 스트론튬 갈레이트 마그네사이트, 란타늄 스트론튬 망가네이트, 칼시아 안정화 지르코니아, 스칸디아 안정화 지르코니아 및 니켈-이트리아 안정화 지르코니아 서멧으로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 어느 하나 또는 둘 이상의 혼합물을 포함하는 것인 양극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 세라믹계 이온전도체는 이트리아 안정화 지르코니아, 칼시아 안정화 지르코니아, 가돌리니아 도핑된 세리아, 란타늄 스트론튬 갈레이트 마그네사이트 및 스칸디아 안정화 지르코니아로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 어느 하나 또는 둘 이상의 혼합물을 포함하는 것인 양극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제 4 항에 있어서,상기 이트리아 안정화 지르코니아는 Zr(1-x)YxO2 -x/2 (0.01≤x≤0.30)인 것인 양극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제 4 항에 있어서,상기 칼시아 안정화 지르코니아는 칼시아 안정화 지르코니아 총 중량에 대해 CaO를 1몰% 내지 20몰%로 포함하는 것인 양극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제 4 항에 있어서,상기 스칸디아 안정화 지르코니아는 (ZrO2)1- 2x(Sc2O3)X, (ZrO2)1- 2x(Sc2O3)x -z(Y2O3)z 및 (Zr02)1-2x- z(Sc2O3)x(CeO2)z(0.01≤x≤0.2, 0.01≤z≤0.l)로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 어느 하나 또는 둘 이상의 혼합물을 포함하는 것인 양극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 세라믹계 이온전도체는 비정질인 것인 양극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 세라믹계 이온전도체는 수산화물 형태를 갖는 것인 양극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 세라믹계 이온전도체의 평균 입경(D50)이 1 nm 내지 100 nm인 것인 양극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 세라믹계 이온전도체의 나노졸은, 글리콜계 용매 중에 세라믹계 이온전도체 형성용 금속의 전구체를 용해시켜 반응시킨 후, 물을 첨가하여 제조되는 것인 양극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제 11 항에 있어서,상기 글리콜계 용매는 에틸렌 글리콜, 프로필렌 글리콜, 디에틸렌 글리콜, 트리에틸렌 글리콜 및 폴리에틸렌 글리콜로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 어느 하나 또는 둘 이상의 혼합물을 포함하는 것인 양극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제 11 항에 있어서,상기 세라믹계 이온전도체 형성용 금속의 전구체의 용해 후 물을 첨가하기 전에, 120 ℃ 내지 글리콜계 용매의 비점 이하의 온도에서 열처리하는 공정이 더 수행되는 것인 양극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 세라믹계 이온전도체의 나노졸은, 양극 활물질 총 중량에 대하여 상기 세라믹계 이온전도체의 함량이 50ppm 내지 300,000ppm이 되도록 하는 양으로 사용되는 것인 양극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 세라믹계 이온전도체의 나노졸은, 알루미늄(Al), 니오븀(Nb), 티타늄(Ti), 텅스텐(W), 몰리브덴(Mo), 크롬(Cr), 구리(Cu), 바나듐(V) 및 아연(Zn)으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 어느 하나 또는 둘 이상의 금속을 더 포함하거나, 또는 상기한 금속을 포함하는 나노졸과 함께 혼합 사용되는 것인 양극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 열처리는 100 ℃ 내지 600 ℃의 온도 범위에서 수행되는 것인 양극 활물질의 제조방법.
- 제 1 항 내지 제 16 항 중 어느 한 항에 따른 제조방법에 의해 제조되며,리튬 복합금속 산화물의 입자; 및 상기 리튬 복합금속 산화물 입자 상에 위치하는 코팅층을 포함하고,상기 코팅층은 세라믹계 이온전도체를 포함하는 것인 양극 활물질.
- 제 17 항에 있어서,상기 리튬 복합금속 산화물은 하기 화학식 1의 화합물을 포함하는 것인 양극 활물질.<화학식 1>Li1+aNi1-b-cMnbCocO2(상기 화학식 1에서, 0≤a≤0.33, 0≤b≤0.5 및 0≤c≤0.5이다)
- 제 18 항에 있어서,상기 화학식 1에 있어서, 0≤a≤0.09인 양극 활물질.
- 제 17 항에 있어서,상기 세라믹계 이온전도체는 X선 분석시 단일상 피크를 갖는 것인 양극 활물질.
- 제 17 항에 있어서,상기 세라믹계 이온전도체는 비정질인 것인 것인 양극 활물질.
- 제 17 항에 있어서,상기 코팅층은 Al, Nb, Ti, W, Mo, Cr, Cu, V 및 Zn으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 어느 하나 또는 이들 중 2종 이상의 금속을 포함하는 금속 산화물을 더 포함하는 것인 양극 활물질.
- 제 17 항에 있어서,평균 입경(D50)이 3㎛ 내지 25 ㎛인 양극 활물질.
- 제 17 항에 따른 양극 활물질을 포함하는 양극.
- 제 24 항에 따른 양극을 포함하는 리튬 이차전지.
- 제 25 항에 따른 리튬이차전지를 단위셀로 포함하는 전지모듈.
- 제 26 항에 따른 전지모듈을 포함하는 전지팩.
- 제 27 항에 있어서,중대형 디바이스의 전원으로 사용되는 것인 전지팩.
- 제 28 항에 있어서,상기 중대형 디바이스가 전기자동차, 하이브리드 전기자동차, 플러그-인 하이브리드 전기자동차 및 전력 저장용 시스템으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 것인 전지팩.
Priority Applications (4)
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| CN201580066090.7A CN107004841B (zh) | 2014-12-05 | 2015-12-04 | 正极活性材料、制备其的方法以及包含其的锂二次电池 |
| EP15865992.0A EP3229295B1 (en) | 2014-12-05 | 2015-12-04 | Method for manufacturing a cathode active material |
| US15/531,107 US10374227B2 (en) | 2014-12-05 | 2015-12-04 | Positive electrode active material, method for preparing the same and lithium secondary battery including the same |
| JP2017529380A JP6472520B2 (ja) | 2014-12-05 | 2015-12-04 | 正極活物質の製造方法 |
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| KR10-2014-0174080 | 2014-12-05 | ||
| KR20140174080 | 2014-12-05 | ||
| KR10-2015-0172360 | 2015-12-04 | ||
| KR1020150172360A KR101777022B1 (ko) | 2014-12-05 | 2015-12-04 | 양극 활물질, 이의 제조방법, 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 |
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| WO2016089177A1 true WO2016089177A1 (ko) | 2016-06-09 |
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| PCT/KR2015/013267 Ceased WO2016089177A1 (ko) | 2014-12-05 | 2015-12-04 | 양극 활물질, 이의 제조방법, 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 |
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| CN112055900A (zh) * | 2018-05-21 | 2020-12-08 | 株式会社Lg化学 | 二次电池用正极和包含其的二次电池 |
| CN115832615A (zh) * | 2022-07-06 | 2023-03-21 | 惠州锂威电子科技有限公司 | 一种复合隔膜及其制备方法、二次电池和用电装置 |
| CN118002452A (zh) * | 2023-12-28 | 2024-05-10 | 安徽壹石通材料科学研究院有限公司 | 在金属或合金材料表面制备陶瓷保护层的方法、复合材料及其应用 |
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| CN112055900A (zh) * | 2018-05-21 | 2020-12-08 | 株式会社Lg化学 | 二次电池用正极和包含其的二次电池 |
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| CN115832615A (zh) * | 2022-07-06 | 2023-03-21 | 惠州锂威电子科技有限公司 | 一种复合隔膜及其制备方法、二次电池和用电装置 |
| CN118002452A (zh) * | 2023-12-28 | 2024-05-10 | 安徽壹石通材料科学研究院有限公司 | 在金属或合金材料表面制备陶瓷保护层的方法、复合材料及其应用 |
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