WO2016103501A1 - 解析装置、解析方法、解析プログラム、細胞の製造方法、および細胞 - Google Patents
解析装置、解析方法、解析プログラム、細胞の製造方法、および細胞 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to an analysis apparatus, an analysis method, an analysis program, a cell manufacturing method, and a cell.
- a technique using image processing is known as various analysis techniques for cells, tissue pieces, and the like (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- Such a conventional technique is, for example, a technique for performing image processing on an image of a cell acquired from a living body or the like and analyzing it, acquiring cell image data every predetermined time, and acquiring the acquired image data and
- This is a technique for calculating correlations and differences between feature amounts of cell morphology by comparing image data related to cell morphology acquired at different timings. Thereby, the activity of the acquired cell can be judged, and it can be used for elucidation of biological phenomena such as canceration and pathogenesis of the cell.
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and is an analysis that can analyze the relevance between elements constituting a mechanism that controls a biological phenomenon related to a cell while appropriately analyzing an image.
- An object is to provide an apparatus, an analysis method, an analysis program, a cell manufacturing method, and a cell.
- an acquisition unit that acquires an image of a cell, and an identification that identifies an identifiable element based on the cell image acquired by the acquisition unit And a feature amount of each element identified by the identification unit, a correlation between the feature amounts is calculated based on the calculated feature amount of the element, and a correlation between the calculated feature amounts is calculated. And a calculation unit that calculates a correlation between the elements based on the analysis device.
- another aspect of the present invention obtains an image of a cell, identifies identifiable elements based on the obtained cell image, and identifies each identified element.
- An analysis apparatus that calculates feature quantities of elements, calculates correlations between the feature quantities based on the calculated feature quantities of the elements, and calculates correlations between the elements based on the calculated correlations between the feature quantities Analyzing the acquired cell image, and acquiring a new image of the cell and analyzing the analysis device until a model indicating a correlation between elements calculated by the analysis device has a predetermined relationship. It is an analysis method characterized by repeating.
- another aspect of the present invention obtains an image of a cell, identifies identifiable elements based on the acquired cell image, and identifies each identified element.
- An analysis apparatus that calculates feature quantities of elements, calculates correlations between the feature quantities based on the calculated feature quantities of the elements, and calculates correlations between the elements based on the calculated correlations between the feature quantities Until the model indicating the correlation between the elements calculated by the analysis device and the processing for analyzing the acquired cell image has a predetermined relationship, a new image of the cell is acquired and analyzed by the analysis device. And an analysis program for executing the process of repeating the process.
- another aspect of the present invention obtains an image of a cell, identifies identifiable elements based on the acquired cell image, and identifies each identified element.
- An analysis apparatus that calculates feature quantities of elements, calculates correlations between the feature quantities based on the calculated feature quantities of the elements, and calculates correlations between the elements based on the calculated correlations between the feature quantities Analyzing the acquired cell image until the model showing the correlation between the elements calculated by the analyzing device and the model calculated by the analyzing device has a predetermined relationship and acquiring the new cell image And a step of repeating the step of producing a cell.
- another aspect of the present invention is a cell manufactured using the above-described cell manufacturing method.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a functional configuration of the analysis apparatus 100.
- FIG. It is sectional drawing which showed an example of the inside of a cell cell. It is a figure which shows an example of the image at the time of imaging the whole culture container to which the fluorescent dyeing reagent was given at low magnification (wide range). It is a figure which shows an example of the cell area
- FIG. It is the figure which showed the process which calculates the peak number and average luminance value of a luminance value based on the luminance value in the scanned range.
- FIG. It is a schematic diagram which shows an example of the detection result of the region of interest R. It is a figure which shows an example of the transmission DIC image 30 and the color development image 32.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows an example of the detection process of the cell area
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing a flow of processing executed by the analysis apparatus 100. It is a figure showing an example showing how a signal of a stimulus transmitted between cells spreads. It is a figure which shows an example of the process performed based on the optimal imaging condition OC. It is a figure which shows an example of the process which acquires the image previously matched with the other information. It is a figure which shows an example of the process which selects the next imaging position based on the acquired imaging information.
- the signal cascade is the first stimulus given to a cell, or the state change of the cell itself is signaled and transmitted in a chain between elements that constitute the cell, and the elements involved in the transmission increase one after another. It is an example of the mechanism showing the transmission path of the signal which carries out reduction and feedback control.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically illustrating an example of a configuration of an observation apparatus 1 including an analysis apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the observation apparatus 1 is an apparatus that analyzes an image acquired by imaging a cell or the like, for example.
- the analysis apparatus 100 connected to the microscope 200 via the internal bus IB communicates with the external storage device 300 or the like via the network NW.
- the network NW is a communication line such as the Internet or a telephone line.
- the microscope 200 is, for example, a biological microscope including an electric stage 210 that can arbitrarily operate the position of an imaging target (for example, a culture vessel) in a two-dimensional plane in the horizontal direction.
- the microscope 200 has functions such as, for example, a differential interference microscope (DIC), a phase contrast microscope, a fluorescence microscope, a confocal microscope, and a super-resolution microscope.
- the microscope 200 images a culture vessel (for example, a well plate WP) placed on the electric stage 210.
- the microscope 200 irradiates cells cultured in a number of wells (holes) included in the well plate WP, and thereby captures transmitted light transmitted through the cells as an image of the cells.
- the fluorescence emitted from the biological material is captured as an image of the cell by irradiating the cell with excitation light that excites the fluorescent material.
- the microscope 200 captures the fluorescence emitted from the coloring material itself taken into the biological material or the fluorescence emitted when the substance having the chromophore is bound to the biological material as the above-described cell image. May be.
- the observation apparatus 1 can acquire a fluorescence image, a confocal image, and a super-resolution image.
- the cells in this embodiment are, for example, primary culture cells, subculture cells, tissue sections, and the like.
- the state of the cell is not particularly limited, and may be alive or fixed, and may be “in-vivo” or “in-vitro”.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of cells cultured on the well plate WP and elements thereof.
- the well plate WP is a plate having 96 ⁇ 12 wells U for culturing cells, for example.
- the cells cultured in the well U are cultured under specific conditions.
- the specific conditions include the elapsed time since the stimulus is applied, the type and intensity of the applied stimulus, the presence or absence of the stimulus, induction of biological characteristics, and the like.
- the stimulus is, for example, a physical stimulus such as electricity, sound wave, magnetism, or light, or a chemical stimulus caused by administration of a substance or a drug.
- Biological characteristics are characteristics indicating the stage of cell differentiation, morphology, number of cells, and the like.
- the cells are cultured, for example, in 12 stages according to the type of specific conditions on the longitudinal direction (X direction) of the well plate WP. Further, the cells classified into 12 stages are classified for each analysis object on the short direction (Y direction) of the well plate WP.
- Analysis targets include, for example, cells, intracellular nuclei, intracellular organelles such as nuclear structures, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum, cell body matrix, cell surface sugar chains, and intracellular proteins. It is an element that constitutes a mechanism that controls biological phenomena, including peptides, mRNA (nucleic acid), metabolites, reactive oxygen species, and biological substances such as various ions.
- the elements to be analyzed are, for example, a to c for the first row (A row), d to f for the second row (B row), and the following are omitted.
- the 8th line (H line) is classified into 3 types from 1 to m.
- the well plate WP is not limited to a plate having 96 wells U, and may be a plate having an arbitrary number of wells U. Depending on this, the cells may also be classified in any number of stages.
- the culture container is not limited to the well plate WP, and may be any plate as long as an image can be acquired by the microscope 200, for example, a petri dish or a slide glass.
- the analysis target may be an image that is indirectly imaged by being stained or labeled with a fluorescent substance or the like.
- the elements constituting the mechanism governing the life phenomenon are not limited to those constituting the cell's original mechanism, but are elements artificially added to the cell's original mechanism such as inhibitors, agonists, and viruses. May be.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a functional configuration of the analysis apparatus 100.
- the analysis device 100 is a computer device that analyzes an image acquired by the microscope 200. Note that the image analyzed by the analysis device 100 is not limited to the image captured by the microscope 200, for example, an image stored in advance in the storage unit 130 included in the analysis device 100 or stored in advance in the external storage device 300. It may be an image.
- the analysis device 100 includes a processor such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit), ROM (Read Only Memory), RAM (Random Access Memory), HDD (Hard Disk Drive), EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory), flash memory, and the like.
- Storage unit 130 a communication interface for communicating with other devices, and the like.
- the analysis apparatus 100 includes a control unit 110 and a storage unit 130.
- the control unit 110 includes a microscope control unit 112, a density calculation unit 114, a region of interest detection unit 116, a cell region separation unit 118, a luminance value correction unit 120, a feature amount extraction unit 122, and a mechanism analysis unit 124. Is provided.
- the control unit 110 is, for example, a software function unit that functions when the processor executes a program stored in the storage unit 130. Also, some or all of the functional units of the control unit 110 may be hardware functional units such as LSI (Large Scale Integration) and ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit).
- the storage unit 130 is controlled to store parameters of experimental conditions used for pre-observation and main observation, information obtained by the processing of the control unit 110, cell information, and the like.
- the storage unit 130 may be an external storage device (for example, a NAS (Network Attached Storage) device) instead of the storage device 130 built in the analysis device 100.
- NAS Network Attached Storage
- Pre-observation is a process that is automatically performed to derive a region to be observed.
- the microscope control unit 112 controls the microscope 200 so that the entire culture vessel is imaged at a low magnification (wide range). Thereby, at the time of imaging, it is possible to acquire an image indicating a region in which cells are suitable for an analysis target while suppressing phototoxicity and fluorescence fading caused by light hitting the cells.
- the microscope control unit 112 may control the microscope 200 so that the entire culture container is imaged with tiling at a low to medium magnification. Tiling imaging is to divide the entire culture vessel into two, three, four, etc. images. As a result, it is possible to obtain an image showing the cell existence region that can observe the state of the cell to some extent and is suitable for the analysis target in the culture vessel. At this time, phototoxicity and fluorescence fading can be suppressed by performing high-speed imaging with a low-resolution, minimum necessary fluorescence channel.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the inside of a cell cell.
- the microscope control unit 112 sets the focus position at which the contrast and integrated value of the luminance values of the entire image captured by the microscope 200 are maximized as the best focus position P1.
- the microscope control unit 112 controls the microscope 200 so that the cell cell is continuously imaged while changing the focal position up and down starting from the best focus position P1.
- the analysis apparatus 100 can acquire a three-dimensional image of the cell cell.
- the microscope control unit 112 controls the microscope 200 so as to detect the optimum focus position according to the analysis target with reference to the best focus position P1. For example, when analyzing the protein aggregate 12, the microscope control unit 112 sets, for example, the focal position where the dispersion value of the luminance value of the entire image captured by the microscope 200 is the maximum as the focal position P ⁇ b> 2 of the protein aggregate 12. Set. The microscope control unit 112 calculates a relative value from the best focus position P1 to the focal position P2 of the protein aggregate 12.
- the microscope control unit 112 sets, for example, the focal position where the integrated value of the luminance values of the entire image captured by the microscope 200 is the maximum as the focal position P3. To do. That is, the microscope control unit 112 sets a position where the area of the cell cell in the XY plane is maximized as the focal position P3. The microscope control unit 112 calculates a relative value from the best focus position P1 to the focus position P3.
- the microscope control unit 112 stores the calculated relative values and the analysis target in the storage unit 130 in association with each other. Accordingly, when performing a plurality of analyzes on the same cell cell at the same time, an optimal focal position can be set by acquiring the relative value associated with each analysis target from the storage unit 130. As a result, analysis processing can be performed in a shorter time.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of an image when the entire culture container to which the fluorescent staining reagent is given is imaged at a low magnification (wide range).
- the density calculation unit 114 calculates the cell density and the cell adhesion degree of the cell cell existing in the region F indicating the entire image of the culture container.
- the density calculation unit 114 detects an existing region of cells in the culture vessel from the image acquired by the microscope 200, and extracts an arbitrary region (for example, regions A to C) from the detected region. .
- the density calculation unit 114 generates a cell region mask from the cell region 20 indicating the cell cell region existing in the extracted arbitrary region.
- the density calculation unit 114 generates a background area mask from the background area 22 indicating the area obtained by subtracting the area 20 from the area A.
- the density calculation unit 114 generates a cell region mask in which the cell region 20 that is fluorescent at a predetermined luminance value or more is set to “1” and the other regions are set to “0”.
- a mask excluding is generated as a background area mask.
- the predetermined luminance value is a luminance value that can determine whether the cell emits fluorescence or is a fluorescently labeled cell, and is obtained in advance by an experiment or the like.
- the density calculation unit 114 calculates the number of cell cells existing in an arbitrary region based on the reference cell size stored in advance in the storage unit 130 and the calculated total area S of the cell region mask. For example, the density calculation unit 114 calculates the number of cell cells by dividing the total area S of the cell region mask by the reference cell size.
- the reference cell size is a value indicating a size per cell that is statistically calculated in advance according to the cells cultured in the culture container.
- the analysis device 100 uses a value input from an input device (not shown) (for example, a mouse, a keyboard, a touch panel, etc.) connected via the communication interface as the reference cell size. It may be accepted.
- the analysis apparatus 100 may overwrite and store the value input from the input device in the storage unit 130 as the reference cell size regardless of whether or not the reference cell size is stored.
- the density calculation unit 114 calculates the variation in the distribution of the cell cells in an arbitrary region based on the calculated cell region mask and the background region mask. For example, when the pixel having the value “1” indicating that the luminance value is equal to or higher than a predetermined luminance value is configured with pixels having a predetermined cell size or higher, the density calculation unit 114 sets the variation of the cell cell distribution as a small value. calculate. That is, when the cells are adjacent to each other or overlap each other, the density calculation unit 114 calculates a value indicating that there is little cell variation in an arbitrary region.
- the histograms shown in the cell cell graphs G1 to G3 in FIG. 5 indicate the distribution tendency of the cell cells calculated by the density calculation unit 114.
- the horizontal axis represents the total area Sg [ ⁇ m 2 ] of a group of cell region masks
- the vertical axis represents the total value of the number N of cells included in the cell region mask corresponding to the total area Sg. It is. That is, the density calculation unit 114 calculates a correspondence relationship between the total area Sg of a group of cell region masks and the total value of the number N of cell cells included in the cell region mask corresponding to the total area S.
- the correspondence relationship thus calculated is preferably displayed by a display unit (not shown).
- the graph G1 since the total area S of the cell region mask and the number N of cell cells are both small values, it can be evaluated that the cell density and the cell adhesion degree are small. Further, in the graph G2, since the total area S of the cell region mask is small and the number N of cells is a large value, it can be evaluated that the cell density is large and the cell adhesion degree is small. Further, in the graph G3, since the total area S of the cell region mask and the number N of cell cells are large values, it can be evaluated that the cell density and the cell adhesion degree are large.
- the density calculation unit 114 calculates a cell adhesion degree indicating a degree of adhesion between the cell cell and the cell cell. For example, the density calculation unit 114 calculates the cell adhesion degree by dividing the largest one of the total area Sg of the cell area masks in a group by the total area S of the cell area masks of the entire area. Thus, in the case of the region B and the region C in which the number N (cell density) of the cell cells as shown in FIG. 5 is the same value, the state of cells existing in an arbitrary region is quantified by calculating the cell adhesion degree. Can be judged.
- a cell to be analyzed by the analyzer 100 can be selected from a plurality of cells cultured in the culture container (hereinafter referred to as a cell group). Moreover, by calculating the cell density and the cell adhesion degree, it can be useful for elucidating diseases such as cancer metastasis and leukocyte adhesion failure.
- the density calculation unit 114 has been described as performing processing related to an image captured by the microscope 200, but the image is stored in advance in the storage unit 130, stored in the external storage device 300, or the like. Such processing may be performed on the existing image.
- the density calculation unit 114 may generate a cell region mask based on an image captured at a low resolution.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a cell region mask generated based on a low-resolution image.
- the density calculation unit 114 is an image (for example, an image composed of a predetermined number of pixels that is equal to or higher than a predetermined luminance value (for example, a luminance value indicating black) in a captured low-resolution image. A square image composed of 4 ⁇ 8 pixels) is detected. That is, in FIG. 6, the density calculation unit 114 generates a cell area mask in which an area indicated by black is “0” and an area indicated by another color is “1”. Thereby, the density calculation unit 114 can calculate the cell density and the cell adhesion degree.
- a predetermined luminance value for example, a luminance value indicating black
- the density calculation unit 114 may scan the luminance value linearly for an arbitrary region, and calculate the peak number of luminance values and the average luminance value based on the luminance values within the scanned range.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a process of calculating the peak number of luminance values and the average luminance value based on the luminance values within the scanned range. As shown in FIG. 7, the density calculation unit 114 scans the luminance value along the direction indicated by the arrow 24 in an arbitrary region. Note that the density calculation unit 114 may further perform scanning in a direction orthogonal to the arrow 24, not limited to only one direction.
- the density calculation unit 114 calculates the number of times the luminance value obtained by scanning exceeds a predetermined luminance value TH as the number of amplitude peaks.
- Luminance values obtained by scanning by the density calculation unit 114 can be represented by curves (LN1 to LN3) as shown in graphs G4 to G6.
- the horizontal axis of the graphs G4 to G6 is a linear range to be scanned (unit: [ ⁇ m]), and the vertical axis is the luminance value of the pixel.
- the curve LN1 indicating the luminance value obtained by scanning has a single amplitude peak.
- the curve LN2 indicating the brightness value obtained by scanning has three amplitude peaks.
- the curve LN3 indicating the luminance value obtained by scanning is a curve having a single amplitude peak. Become. That is, unless the fluorescent cells are adjacent or overlap, the number of fluorescent cells present in the scanned range tends to be the same as the peak number of luminance values shown in the graph.
- the density calculation unit 114 calculates an average luminance value from the luminance value obtained within the scanned range.
- the average luminance value is calculated by dividing the luminance value obtained by scanning by the number of pixels existing in the scanned range.
- the density calculation unit 114 can calculate an average luminance value 10 (arbitrary unit [arb.unit]) from the graph G4, and can calculate an average luminance value 45 from the graph G5.
- the average luminance value 80 can be calculated.
- the density calculation unit 114 does not generate a cell region mask by calculating the number of amplitude peaks and the average luminance value, and can be simplified.
- the degree of cell adhesion can be calculated by the treatment.
- the region to be observed can be derived based on the cell density and the cell adhesion degree calculated by the processing of the density calculation unit 114.
- the region-of-interest detection unit 116 detects a region of interest R (Region Of Interest; ROI) based on the cell density and cell adhesion degree calculated by the density calculation unit 114.
- the region of interest R is a region that is detected as a target region to be subjected to the main observation from the region F that shows the entire image of the culture vessel.
- the region of interest R corresponds to a “location of interest”.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing an example of the detection result of the region of interest R.
- the region-of-interest detection unit 116 detects, as the region of interest R1, a region in which the cell density and the degree of cell adhesion exceed the threshold values (for example, about 80%, respectively) set for each in the region F1. .
- This threshold value is obtained in advance by simulation or experiment.
- the region of interest detection unit 116 may detect a region formed by the user as the region of interest R.
- the region of interest R is formed, for example, when a user uses an input device (not shown) (for example, a mouse, a keyboard, a touch panel, etc.) connected via a communication interface and performs an input designating a specific region.
- the region-of-interest detection unit 116 detects, as the region of interest R, a region surrounded by a line having a predetermined line width input by the user. Thereby, an arbitrary region of the user can be detected as the region of interest R.
- the observation device 1 determines various parameters at the time of imaging based on the result of the pre-observation, and images the region of interest R with high resolution using these parameters. That is, the microscope control unit 112 controls the microscope 200 so that the region of interest R is imaged at a high magnification. At this time, when the condition of the target object of the main observation matches or resembles past data stored in the storage unit 130 or the like, the observation device 1 performs imaging applied when the data is acquired. These parameters may be applied as imaging parameters for the main observation. Further, the observation apparatus 1 may improve accuracy by automatically measuring an SN ratio (Signal-Noise ratio) of an image. Below, the process of the analyzer 100 at the time of this observation is demonstrated.
- SN ratio Synchrone ratio
- the cell region separation unit 118 detects a cell region from the image captured by the microscope 200 and separates the cell.
- the cell region separation unit 118 detects a cell region for each cell from, for example, a transmission DIC image, a phase difference image, a dark field image, a bright field image, and a color image acquired from the same cell group.
- a color image is an image showing that one or more of the whole cell, cytoplasm, cell membrane, nucleus, intracellular organelle group, and biological material have been colored by a fluorescent staining reagent or antibody.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of the transmission DIC image 30 and the color development image 32.
- the cell region separation unit 118 superimposes the transmission DIC image 30 and the color image 32 captured by the microscope 200, for example.
- the cell region separation unit 118 detects the cell membrane and the colored nucleus from the superimposed transmission DIC image 30 and color image 32.
- the cell region separation unit 118 displays the cells on the image so that the detected colored nuclei are present one by one inside the cell membrane. Separate with. Specifically, the cells are separated so that the distance between the nucleus and the nucleus is equal.
- the cell region separation unit 118 detects the cell region by calculating the internal area of the separated cells.
- the cell region separation unit 118 calculates the average value of the areas of all the detected cell regions and stores it in the storage unit 130.
- the cell region separation unit 118 may detect a cell region based on a single image such as a transmission DIC image, a phase difference image, a bright field image, or a dark field image as an image captured by the microscope 200. Good.
- the cell region separation unit 118 sharpens the transmission DIC image 30 so that the cell membrane and the nucleus can be detected. Sharpening is a process of converting to a sharp image using a differential filter or the like.
- the cell region separation unit 118 detects cell membranes and nuclei from the sharpened image. Accordingly, the cell region separation unit 118 can separate cells, and can detect a cell region by calculating the area inside the separated cell membrane.
- the cells are not colored by a fluorescent staining reagent, enzyme, or the like, the adverse effects on the cells can be reduced.
- the cell region separation unit 118 may perform appropriate processing, and connect the interrupted cell membrane to separate the cells.
- the cell region separation unit 118 may separate cells by performing machine learning based on information stored in the storage unit 130, the external storage device 300, or the like. As a result, the cells can be separated more accurately.
- the cell region separation unit 118 may detect the cell region based on the color image.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of a cell region detection process performed on a color image.
- the cell region separation unit 118 generates a cell region mask 44 based on the color image 40 or the color image 42 captured at a predetermined focal position.
- the predetermined focus position is, for example, a best focus position or a position shifted from the best focus position by a predetermined correction amount in the positive direction (or negative direction) of the Z axis.
- the predetermined correction amount is calculated in advance according to the state of a cell that is one of analysis objects (elements), and is stored in the storage unit 130, the external storage device 300, or the like.
- the cell region can be detected from the cell group cultured in the culture vessel by the separation process of these cells. Moreover, even when the adhesion degree and density of a cell group are large, a cell area
- the analysis apparatus 100 may perform the following processing in advance before extracting the feature amount for each cell separated on the image.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of processing for correcting a luminance value.
- the luminance value correction unit 120 corrects the luminance value of the background region in the region F indicating the entire image of the culture vessel. For example, the brightness value correction unit 120 generates the cell region mask 50 from the cell region indicating the cell cell region separated by the cell region separation unit 118 in the region F indicating the entire image of the culture vessel. Further, the luminance value correction unit 120 generates the background area mask 52 from the background area indicating the area obtained by subtracting the cell area from the area F. The luminance value correction unit 120 calculates the average luminance value of the entire generated background area mask 52. The luminance value correction unit 120 corrects the luminance value of the background region by subtracting the calculated average luminance value from the luminance value of each pixel constituting the generated cell region mask 50.
- the luminance value correction unit 120 may correct the luminance value of the background area by the following process. For each cell cell separated by the cell region separation unit 118, the luminance value correction unit 120 calculates the average luminance value of the background region mask 54 in the vicinity of the cell cell. The vicinity means that, for example, within 5 pixels from the outermost pixel among the pixels indicating the cell cell. That is, the luminance value correction unit 120 calculates an average luminance value for a part of the background area mask 54 that surrounds the outline of the cell cell. The luminance value correction unit 120 corrects the luminance value of the background region by subtracting the calculated average luminance value from the luminance value of each pixel constituting the generated cell region mask 50.
- the cell region separation unit 118 detects a predetermined color development pattern from the developed analysis target image, and selects an optimal cell region detection method associated with the predetermined color development pattern in advance for the analysis target image. To do.
- the cell region separation unit 118 detects a predetermined color development pattern based on, for example, the dispersion value of the luminance of the image.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of a colored cell image.
- the cell region separation unit 118 detects the image 60 of the cell nucleus detection pattern as a predetermined color development pattern
- the cell region separation unit 118 selects a predetermined region corresponding to the cell nucleus dark color pattern from the cell region detection methods stored in the storage unit 130 in advance. Get the way.
- the cell nucleus detection pattern is a color development pattern in which nuclei can be detected by a difference in luminance value between an image region indicating the cell nucleus and an image region around the nucleus.
- the cell region separation unit 118 separates the cell membrane on the image based on a predetermined method acquired from the storage unit 130, and calculates individual cell regions (for example, the image 62).
- the cell region separation unit 118 detects the image 64 of the cell nucleus non-detection pattern as a predetermined color development pattern
- the cell region separation unit 118 selects a cell nucleus non-detection pattern from the cell region detection methods stored in the storage unit 130 in advance. A corresponding predetermined method is acquired.
- the cell nucleus non-detection pattern is a color development pattern in which the nucleus cannot be detected because the luminance values of the image region indicating the cell nucleus and the image region around the nucleus are substantially the same.
- the cell region separation unit 118 separates cells on the image based on a predetermined method acquired from the storage unit 130, and calculates individual cell regions (for example, the image 66).
- the optimal cell region detection method previously associated with the predetermined color development pattern is configured to be stored in the storage unit 130, it is not limited thereto. For example, it may be stored in the external storage device 300 or another storage device.
- the feature amount extraction unit 122 is a feature amount of a substance that travels between the cell nucleus and the cytoplasm with respect to the cells separated by the cell region separation unit 118 inside the region of interest detected by the region of interest detection unit 116. To extract. These substances are fluorescently stained in advance with an antibody, a fluorescent protein, or the like.
- the feature quantity extraction unit 122 extracts, for example, a feature quantity of a protein that is a substance that travels between the cell nucleus and the cytoplasm. For example, when the protein localized in the nucleus moves to the cytoplasm that covers the outside of the nucleus, the feature amount extraction unit 122 extracts the following values as feature amounts from the images before and after the movement of the protein. Further, the feature quantity extraction unit 122 extracts feature quantities from the images before and after the movement of the protein even when the protein localized in the cytoplasm moves into the nucleus. Note that the feature amounts shown below are examples, and other feature amounts may be extracted.
- -Total brightness value of nucleus / total brightness value of cytoplasm -Total brightness value of nucleus / total brightness value of cells.
- -Average brightness value of nucleus / average brightness value of cytoplasm -Average brightness value of nucleus / average brightness value of cell.
- ⁇ Dispersion of luminance values in cells ⁇ Dispersion of luminance values in the nucleus.
- ⁇ Dispersion of luminance values in the cytoplasm -Average brightness value in the cell. ⁇ Average brightness value in the cytoplasm.
- Median nucleus brightness / median cell brightness. Median nucleus brightness / median cell brightness.
- -Median luminance value in the cell -Median luminance value in the nucleus. • Median cytoplasmic brightness value.
- the feature amount extraction unit 122 may extract a feature amount of a substance that travels between the cell nuclear membrane and the cell nucleus, or a feature amount of a substance that travels between the cell nuclear membrane and the cytoplasm. Good.
- the feature amount extraction unit 122 extracts a feature amount of a protein such as Nup98 as a substance that travels between the cell structures. For example, when the protein localized in the cell nuclear membrane (cell nucleus) moves to the cell nucleus (cell nuclear membrane), or the feature amount extraction unit 122 is localized in the cell nuclear membrane (cytoplasm).
- the existing protein moves to the cytoplasm (cell nuclear membrane)
- the following values are extracted as feature amounts from the images before and after the protein movement. Note that the feature amounts shown below are examples, and other feature amounts may be extracted.
- -Total brightness value of nuclear membrane / total brightness value of nucleus. Average brightness value of nuclear membrane / Average brightness value of nucleus. ⁇ Dispersion of luminance values in the nucleus. -Number of bright spots in the cytoplasm. -Average luminance value of bright spots in the cell. ⁇ Total brightness value of bright spots in cells (total value for each cell) ⁇ The area of each bright spot. -Average area of bright spots per cell. • Median value of nuclear membrane brightness / median value of nuclear brightness value. ⁇ Total brightness value of nuclear membrane / total brightness value of cytoplasm. -Average brightness value of nuclear membrane / average brightness value of cytoplasm.
- -Median value of nuclear membrane brightness value / median value of cytoplasmic brightness value -Total brightness value of nuclear membrane / total brightness value of cells. -Average brightness value of nuclear membrane / average brightness value of cells. -Median value of nuclear membrane brightness / median cell luminance value. ⁇ Total brightness value of the nuclear membrane. -Average brightness value of the nuclear membrane. ⁇ Nuclear film brightness dispersion. -Median nuclear membrane. ⁇ Dispersion of luminance values in the cytoplasm. -Average brightness value in the cell. ⁇ Average brightness value in the cytoplasm. Median nucleus brightness / median cytoplasm brightness. Median nucleus brightness / median cell brightness. -Median luminance value in the cell. -Median luminance value in the nucleus. • Median cytoplasmic brightness value.
- the feature amount extraction unit 122 extracts a feature amount of a substance from images before and after aggregation when the substance uniformly distributed in a predetermined region of the cell is formed to aggregate (spot).
- the feature quantity extraction unit 122 extracts feature quantities from proteins such as GSK3 ⁇ and p-GSK3 ⁇ , for example, as a substance that is uniformly distributed in a predetermined region of the cell.
- the feature amount extraction unit 122 extracts the following values as feature amounts from images before and after protein aggregation. Note that the feature amounts shown below are examples, and other feature amounts may be extracted.
- -Total brightness value of nucleus / total brightness value of cells -Total brightness value of nucleus / total brightness value of cytoplasm.
- -Average brightness value of nucleus / average brightness value of cell -Average brightness value of nucleus / average brightness value of cytoplasm.
- ⁇ Dispersion of luminance values in cells. ⁇ The number of spots. -Number of spots inside the nucleus / number of spots outside the nucleus.
- the feature amount extraction unit 122 when a substance uniformly distributed in a predetermined region of a cell is partially aggregated to form a specific aggregate (domain), features of the substance forming the specific aggregate (domain) Extract the amount.
- the feature amount extraction unit 122 extracts, for example, feature amounts of proteins that are substances forming a specific aggregate (domain). Examples of the protein include actin (Actin), SNX-9, p-Akt (S473), WASH1, and EEA1.
- the feature amount extraction unit 122 extracts, for example, the following values as feature amounts from images before and after the protein forms a specific aggregate (domain). Note that the feature amounts shown below are examples, and other feature amounts may be extracted.
- ⁇ Dispersion of luminance value of cytoplasm -Domain area. -Number of domains in cells (total value and average value for each cell). -Total luminance value of the domain / total luminance value of the cytoplasm. -Average luminance value of domain / average luminance value of cells.
- the feature amount extraction unit 122 collects at the same location as the specific aggregate (domain). Extract feature values for other substances. Further, the feature quantity extraction unit 122 analyzes whether or not a plurality of substances exist at the same location by extracting feature quantities of the substances when a specific aggregate is not formed. The feature quantity extraction unit 122 extracts, for example, the feature quantity of a protein that is a substance that aggregates at the same location as a specific aggregate (domain).
- the feature amount extraction unit 122 calculates a feature amount from the luminance value of the protein distributed in a certain range around the domain. Extract.
- the feature amount extraction unit 122 extracts the following values as feature amounts of the luminance value of the protein. Note that the feature amounts shown below are examples, and other feature amounts may be extracted.
- ⁇ Dispersion of the luminance value of the protein in a certain range around the actin domain The total luminance value of the protein on the actin domain / the total luminance value of the protein in the whole cell.
- the feature amount extraction unit 122 extracts the following values as feature amounts based on the formed domain. Note that the feature amounts shown below are examples, and other feature amounts may be extracted.
- Cells may change their shape as they move and act.
- actin which is a kind of protein present in cells
- microfibers such as microtubules exhibit a specific direction as cells change.
- microfibers can be fluorescently stained with antibodies, fluorescent proteins, and the like.
- the feature quantity extraction unit 122 extracts the feature quantity of the microfibers existing in the cell from the images before and after the microfibers exhibit directionality.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of intracellular microfibers.
- the feature amount extraction unit 122 extracts a vector and an angle ⁇ as a feature amount from minute fibers having directionality in a cell.
- the feature amount extraction unit 122 calculates the number of directional microfibers and the direction ⁇ of the directional microfibers.
- the graph G7 is a histogram composed of the number of directional microfibers and the angle ⁇ of the directional microfibers.
- the feature amount extraction unit 122 calculates the number of cells having microfibers inside and the statistical value of the angle ⁇ of the microfiber for each cell.
- the graph G8 is a histogram including the number of cells having microfibers therein and the statistical value of the microfiber angle ⁇ for each cell.
- the feature amount extraction unit 122 calculates the number of directional microfibers and the length of the directional microfibers.
- the graph G9 is a histogram composed of the number of directional microfibers and the length of the directional microfibers.
- the feature amount extraction unit 122 calculates the number of cells having microfibers inside and a statistical value of the length of microfibers for each cell.
- the graph G9 is a histogram including the number of cells having microfibers inside and the statistical value of the length of microfibers for each cell. In addition, all the histograms mentioned above are produced
- Protein complexes such as chromatin that are uniformly distributed inside the cell nucleus aggregate into small clumps when the cell dies. These proteins can be fluorescently stained with antibodies, fluorescent proteins, and fluorescent dyes (for example, DAPI and Hoechst).
- the feature amount extraction unit 122 extracts the aggregation degree of the protein complex as a feature amount from the images before and after the aggregation of the protein complex.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an example of a protein complex.
- the feature amount extraction unit 122 extracts, for example, the variance of the luminance value of the entire region of the nucleus 70 detected by the cell region separation unit 118 as a feature amount indicating the aggregation degree of the protein complex. Thereby, the aggregation of the protein complex can be quantitatively analyzed. As a result, it can be useful for elucidating the phenomenon of cell death.
- the feature amount extraction unit 122 linearly scans the nucleus 70 detected by the cell region separation unit 118, and based on the luminance value within the scanned range, the feature value extraction unit 122 An average luminance value may be calculated.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating an example of a process of scanning the luminance value linearly with respect to the images before and after aggregation of the protein complex. As shown in FIG. 15, the feature amount extraction unit 122 scans the nucleus 70 for luminance values along the direction indicated by the arrow 72. Note that the feature amount extraction unit 122 may perform scanning not only in one direction but also in a direction orthogonal to the arrow 72 or the like.
- the feature amount extraction unit 122 calculates the number of times the luminance value obtained by scanning exceeds a predetermined luminance value TH as the number of amplitude peaks.
- the luminance value obtained by scanning by the feature amount extraction unit 122 can be represented by curves (LN4, LN5) as shown in the graphs G11, G12.
- the horizontal axis of the graphs G11 and G12 is a linear range to be scanned (unit: [ ⁇ m]), and the vertical axis is the luminance value of the pixel.
- the curve LN4 indicating the luminance value obtained by scanning becomes, for example, a single peak of amplitude. .
- the curve LN5 indicating the brightness value obtained by scanning has, for example, three amplitude peaks. Accordingly, it can be determined that the number of amplitude peaks increases as the aggregation of the protein complex proceeds. Further, when the aggregation process of the protein complex is analyzed by a time-series image, a graph G13 represented by the number of peaks of time and amplitude can be shown. Thereby, the aggregation of the protein complex can be quantitatively analyzed.
- the feature amount extraction unit 122 may extract a feature amount related to the space series from an image indicating an analysis target (for example, a cell).
- the feature amount related to the space series is, for example, coordinate information on the image, distances between a plurality of analysis targets, and the like.
- the feature quantity related to the space series can be used as one index in the process of visualization of the analysis target, imaging, image analysis, and the like.
- the mechanism analysis unit 124 is characterized by time series or changes in the environment around the cell such as stimulation conditions, or with changes in the state of the cells such as differentiation stage, elapsed time after stimulation, and gene expression. Based on data indicating various feature amounts extracted by the extraction unit 122 (hereinafter referred to as “feature data”), a correlation between the feature data is calculated.
- feature data data indicating various feature amounts extracted by the extraction unit 122
- a correlation between the feature data is calculated.
- a plurality of feature data is generated for one analysis target (element), for example.
- feature data a1 to an number of data are generated from the element a
- feature data b1 to bn data are generated from the element b.
- n represents a positive integer.
- the feature data is generated as data indicating a feature quantity such as form, speed, directionality (migration direction), and the like.
- the feature data is generated as data indicating a feature amount such as a form and a distribution.
- the feature data is generated as data indicating a feature amount such as expression, localization, co-localization, and aggregation.
- the feature data is generated as data indicating a feature amount such as a form and a distribution.
- the feature data is generated as data indicating a feature amount such as a form and a distribution.
- the feature data is generated as data indicating a feature quantity such as gene expression, gene product localization, co-localization, and aggregation.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating an example of feature amounts extracted in time series by the feature amount extraction unit 122.
- the mechanism analysis unit 124 calculates the correlation between the feature data X that changes with time shown in the graph G14, the feature data Y that changes with time shown in the graph G15, and the feature data Z that changes with time shown in the graph G16. , Based on the following formulas (1) and (2).
- the feature amount is represented by, for example, a length n and a time difference k.
- Formula (1) is a calculation formula for calculating the mutual covariance Ck
- Formula (2) is a calculation formula for calculating the cross-correlation Rk.
- the mechanism analysis unit 124 compares, for example, the feature data X and the feature data by comparing a section (t to t + n) where the change amount of the feature data X is large with a section (t + k to t + k + n) where the change amount of the feature data Y is large.
- the correlation of data Y is calculated.
- the correlation between the feature data X and the feature data Y is calculated as, for example, a cross-correlation coefficient 0.9 (positive correlation).
- the mechanism analysis unit 124 samples the value of the feature data with a constant step size with respect to the feature data, and sets a section in which the difference from the temporally adjacent data is equal to or greater than a threshold to a section with a large amount of change. As specified.
- the mechanism analysis unit 124 for example, the feature data X extracted when the protein (FoxO1) localized in the nucleus moves to the cytoplasm covering the outside of the nucleus, and the protein ( The correlation is calculated by comparing the feature data Y extracted when Nup 98) moves into the nucleus.
- the mechanism analysis unit 124 makes a hypothesis that the change of the feature data Y is caused by the change of the feature data X shown in FIG. “Establish a hypothesis” means that information indicating the correlation between provisional feature data is written in the storage unit 130 and various selections are made in later processing. In other words, the mechanism analysis unit 124 calculates the correlation between provisional feature data with the feature data X as the main and the feature data Y as the subordinate.
- the mechanism analysis unit 124 compares, for example, the feature data X and the feature data by comparing a section (t to t + n) in which the change amount of the feature data X is large and a section (t + k to t + k + n) in which the change amount of the feature data Z is large.
- the correlation of data Z is calculated.
- the correlation between the feature data X and the feature data Z is calculated, for example, as a cross-correlation coefficient ⁇ 0.9 (negative correlation).
- the mechanism analysis unit 124 makes a hypothesis that the change of the feature data Z is caused by the change of the feature data X shown in FIG. That is, the mechanism analysis unit 124 calculates the correlation between the feature data with the feature data X as the main and the feature data Z as the subordinate.
- the value of the cross-correlation coefficient representing the correlation is classified stepwise by a plurality of reference levels.
- the value of the cross-correlation coefficient is classified as a level showing strong correlation in the range A7 ( ⁇ 1.0 to ⁇ 0.7) and the range A1 (0.7 to 1.0), for example.
- the value of the cross-correlation coefficient is classified as a level indicating correlation in a range A6 ( ⁇ 0.7 to ⁇ 0.4) and a range A2 (0.4 to 0.7), for example.
- the value of the cross-correlation coefficient is classified as a level indicating weak correlation in the range A5 ( ⁇ 0.4 to ⁇ 0.2) and the range A3 (0.2 to 0.4), for example.
- the value of the cross-correlation coefficient is classified as a level indicating no correlation, for example, in the range A4 ( ⁇ 0.2 to 0.2).
- the level classification for these cross-correlation coefficients is an example, and may be a more detailed level.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating an example of feature data indicating a strong correlation with the feature data a.
- the mechanism analysis unit 124 identifies, for example, a section showing a strong correlation with respect to the other feature data b to f on the basis of the feature data a in the section (0 to k). For example, in the feature data b, the mechanism analysis unit 124 specifies a section showing a strong correlation with the feature data a in the section (0 to k) as (6 to 6 + k). Further, for example, in the feature data c, the mechanism analysis unit 124 specifies a section showing a strong correlation with the feature data a in the section (0 to k) as (9 to 9 + k).
- the mechanism analysis unit 124 specifies a section showing a strong correlation with the feature data a in the section (0 to k) as (4 to 4 + k). Further, for example, in the feature data e, the mechanism analysis unit 124 does not specify a section showing strong correlation because there is no section showing strong correlation with the feature data a in the section (0 to k). In addition, for example, in the feature data f, the mechanism analysis unit 124 specifies a section showing a strong correlation with the feature data a in the section (0 to k) as (8 to 8 + k).
- the mechanism analysis unit 124 assumes an order in which, in the feature data showing a strong correlation, the data with the earlier start time of the section is shown as a stronger correlation.
- the mechanism analysis unit 124 calculates the correlation between the feature data based on the assumed order. That is, the mechanism analysis unit 124 calculates the correlation between the feature data in the permutation of the feature data d, b, f, and c when the feature data a is mainly used.
- the mechanism analysis unit 124 specifies a section showing a strong correlation with respect to the other feature data c to f on the basis of the feature data b in the section (6 to 6 + k).
- the mechanism analysis unit 124 performs the same processing on all feature data, and builds a model indicating the correlation between feature data of the feature data.
- FIG. 18 shows a correspondence table showing the correlation between all feature data constructed by the mechanism analysis unit 124.
- the cell is subjected to a treatment that mainly loses the assumed change in the feature value, and the other conditions are the same.
- Create The observation apparatus 1 captures images in time series on the cells after the treatment for losing the change in the feature amount is performed in the same manner as before the treatment for the change in the feature amount is performed. The same feature amount as before the treatment for losing the change is acquired.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating an example of feature data showing a strong correlation with feature data indicated by cells to which an inhibitor has been added.
- the change in the feature amount is lost due to the addition of the inhibitor in the interval (0 to k).
- the mechanism analysis unit 124 compares the feature data a of the cell to which the inhibitor is added in the section (0 to k) with the other feature data b, c, d, and f in the predetermined section. Calculate the relationship.
- the predetermined section is a section in which other feature data has a strong correlation with the feature data a before the inhibitor is added.
- the mechanism analysis unit 124 identifies the feature data b and f as feature data that shows a strong correlation with the feature data a of the cell subjected to the treatment in which the change in the feature amount a is lost, for example. That is, the mechanism analysis unit 124 identifies feature data in which the change in the feature amount is reduced due to the reduction in the feature amount in the feature data a. As a result, the mechanism analysis unit 124 newly removes the correlation between the feature data from the correlation between the feature data calculated before the process of losing the change in the feature quantity a, except for the weak correlation. Calculate the correlation.
- FIG. 20 shows a correspondence table showing the correlation between feature data newly calculated by the mechanism analysis unit 124.
- a new treatment is performed on the cell so that the change in the feature amount d is lost, and a new cell (sample) is created under the same other conditions.
- the observation device 1 captures images in time series on the cells after the treatment for losing the change in the feature d is performed in the same manner as before the treatment for losing the change in the feature d is performed. The same feature amount as before the treatment that the change of the amount d is lost is obtained.
- the mechanism analysis unit 124 calculates a correlation between feature data based on the feature amount.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating an example of feature data indicating a strong correlation with feature data indicated by a cell subjected to a treatment in which a change in the feature amount d is lost. In the feature data d, the change in the feature amount is lost in the section (4-4 + k) due to the applied treatment.
- the mechanism analysis unit 124 for example, the feature data d of the cell subjected to the treatment in which the change in the feature value d in the section (4-4 + k) is lost, and the other feature data a, b, c, f in the predetermined section. To calculate the correlation between the feature data.
- the mechanism analysis unit 124 identifies the feature data b and c as feature data that shows a strong correlation with the feature data d of a cell that has undergone a treatment in which a change in the feature d is lost, for example. That is, the mechanism analysis unit 124 identifies feature data in which the change in the feature amount is reduced due to the reduction in the feature amount in the feature data d. As a result, the mechanism analysis unit 124 performs a procedure for losing the change in the feature quantity a, and calculates the correlation from the correlation between the feature data calculated before performing the procedure for losing the change in the feature quantity d. A correlation between feature data is newly calculated except for weakly related ones.
- FIG. 22 shows a correspondence table showing the correlation between feature data newly calculated by the mechanism analysis unit 124.
- the mechanism analysis unit 124 calculates a correlation matrix based on the calculated correlation between the feature data.
- the correlation matrix is represented by a combination of feature data and an index (for example, a cross-correlation coefficient) indicating the degree of correlation calculated by this combination.
- the mechanism analysis unit 124 calculates a plurality of correlation matrices so as to cover all patterns (variations) of combinations of feature data.
- FIG. 23 is a diagram illustrating an example of a correlation matrix.
- feature data a1 to an pieces of data are generated from the element a
- feature data b1 to bn pieces of data are generated from the element b.
- the description of the following elements is omitted.
- the mechanism analysis unit 124 represents a combination of various feature data a1 to an extracted from the element a and various feature data b1 to bn extracted from the element b as a matrix.
- the mechanism analysis unit 124 stores the correlation value calculated by the combination of the feature data in each component of the matrix.
- the analysis apparatus 100 preferably represents each component with a color corresponding to the correlation value.
- the mechanism analysis unit 124 extracts feature data combinations having high correlation from the calculated correlation matrix. For example, the mechanism analysis unit 124 calculates the number of components having a correlation value (cross-correlation coefficient or the like) higher than a predetermined value, and extracts a combination having a large number of calculated components as a combination of feature data having a high correlation. To do.
- a correlation value cross-correlation coefficient or the like
- the mechanism analysis unit 124 builds a model indicating the correlation between elements based on the combination of extracted feature data having a high correlation.
- a process for constructing a model indicating the correlation between elements will be described.
- FIG. 24 is a model diagram showing the correlation between elements.
- the combination of the elements a and b, the elements a and n, the elements b and c, the elements c and n, and the elements c and m are highly correlated by the mechanism analysis unit 124.
- the thickness of the solid line connecting the elements shown in FIG. 24 represents the strength of the correlation.
- a broken line connecting the elements indicates that the correlation between the elements has changed due to the processing for losing the feature amount of the element a.
- a solid line connecting the elements indicates that the correlation between the elements does not change regardless of whether or not a treatment for losing the feature amount of the element a is performed.
- characteristic quantities such as protein expression, localization change between the nucleus and cells, and the number of aggregates are shown.
- the feature data of the element 1 indicates, for example, feature quantities such as nucleic acid (mRNA) expression, cytoplasmic localization, and co-localization with a predetermined protein.
- feature quantities such as nucleic acid (mRNA) expression, cytoplasmic localization, and co-localization with a predetermined protein.
- feature data of the element n for example, feature quantities such as organelle orientation and length are shown.
- a feature amount such as a cell area or a circular degree is shown.
- the mechanism analysis unit 124 can construct a model indicating the correlation between new elements.
- a model showing the correlation will be described with reference to the drawings.
- FIG. 25 is a model diagram showing a correlation between elements that are constructed after performing a treatment in which the expression that is the characteristic amount of the element a is lost.
- feature data (feature amount) to which an underline is given represents feature data (feature amount) that changes when a treatment for losing the expression that is one of the feature amounts of the element a is performed.
- the feature data (feature amount) to which no underline is given represents feature data (feature amount) that does not change when a treatment for losing the expression that is one of the feature amounts of the element a is performed.
- elements b and n are arranged at positions adjacent to the downstream side of element a. This indicates that the characteristic amount of the elements b and n has changed after the treatment for losing the expression of the element a is performed.
- the mechanism analysis unit 124 performs the following processing.
- the mechanism analysis unit 124 arranges the elements b and n from which the feature data that changes with the change is located adjacent to the downstream side of the element a. Build a model. As a result, the mechanism analysis unit 124 determines that the element a controls the elements b and n.
- the elements l, c, and m are arranged at positions where the element a is not adjacent. This indicates that the characteristic amounts of the elements l, c, and m do not change after the treatment for losing the expression of the element a is performed.
- the mechanism analysis unit 124 performs the following processing.
- the mechanism analysis unit 124 sets the elements l, c, and m from which the feature data that does not change with the change is located at a non-adjacent position on the downstream side of the element a. Build the placed model. As a result, the mechanism analysis unit 124 determines that the element a does not control the elements l, c, and m.
- the mechanism analysis unit 124 can similarly derive the following determination results by performing the above-described processing on other elements.
- -Expression of element b is not controlled by element a.
- -Localization change and aggregation of the element b are controlled by the element a.
- -It is estimated that the expression level of the element b is controlling the element c. It is presumed that the orientation of element n is linked to element a. It is presumed that the orientation of the element n is linked to the local change or aggregation of the element b.
- the mechanism analysis unit 124 performs a process of losing the change for each of the other elements simultaneously with the process of losing the expression of the element a or after the process, and determines the feature amount of the other element. Calculate the change. By repeating this, a model showing the correlation between elements is constructed. That is, the mechanism analysis unit 124 calculates the correlation between the analysis objects (elements) based on the calculated correlation between the feature data, and constructs a model indicating the correlation between the elements.
- the correlation between the elements described above represents the strength and direction of the correlation by, for example, a vector.
- this vector is referred to as a “correlation vector”.
- An element correlation is a relationship in which the fluctuation, maintenance, disappearance, or expression of an element affects the fluctuation, maintenance, disappearance, or expression of another element, or the fluctuation, maintenance, disappearance, or expression of an element. It is a relationship that affects its own fluctuation, maintenance, disappearance, and expression. Note that these relationships are one-way, two-way, or feedback relationships. Such a model corresponds to, for example, a so-called signal cascade or a signal network. Note that the mechanism analysis unit 124 may calculate not only the treatment in which the change in the feature quantity a is lost but also the other treatment in which the change in the feature quantity is lost, and calculate the correlation between the elements.
- the correlation between elements is not limited to chemical reactions such as gene expression, protein activation, and metabolite generation, but also organelle activity, microfiber orientation, cell death, It may be a cascade reaction of elements over all life phenomena including cell reactions such as cell cycle.
- FIG. 26 is a model diagram showing the correlation between elements.
- the arrow shown in FIG. 26 represents a correlation vector.
- the thickness of the arrow represents the strength of the correlation
- the direction of the arrow represents the direction of the correlation.
- the mechanism analysis unit 124 builds a model indicating the correlation between elements so that the element a is the base point and the element having the strongest correlation with the element a is the next chain destination. To do.
- the mechanism analysis unit 124 builds a model with elements n and b as the next chain destination of the base point based on the calculated correlation between the feature data.
- the analysis apparatus 100 can estimate the following.
- the element a controls the orientation of the element n (microtubule) and also controls the change in localization between the nucleus and the cell of the element b (protein), the number of aggregates, and the like.
- the length of the element n (microtubule) controls the directionality (migration) of the element m (cell).
- the expression of the element b (protein) controls the expression of the element c (protein), the localization change between the nucleus and the cell, the number of aggregates, and the like.
- nuclear translocation of element c (protein) renews expression of element l (nucleic acid mRNA).
- the expression of element c (protein) leads to enlargement of element m (cell).
- the analysis apparatus 100 allows the user to perform a treatment in which a change in a specific feature amount is lost or a plurality of feature amounts until a model indicating a correlation between elements calculated by the mechanism analysis unit 124 indicates a predetermined relationship.
- a cell that has undergone the treatment that loses the change in the combination is newly created, and the above-described processing is repeated.
- the predetermined relationship is, for example, that the directionality of the correlation vector is determined. That is, the mechanism analysis unit 124 calculates a model indicating a correlation between elements with the analysis target X that is the extraction source of the feature data X as the main and the analysis target Y that is the extraction source of the feature data Y as the subordinate. Thereby, a user's arbitrary cell can be produced.
- the mechanism analysis unit 124 may perform grouping for each element close to a predetermined feature amount based on a cross-correlation coefficient between feature data, and calculate a correlation between the grouped elements. Below, the process which groups for every element is demonstrated. In the following description, an element is described as a “cell” as an example, but it may be an element constituting a mechanism that controls other life phenomena.
- the mechanism analysis unit 124 calculates a cross-correlation coefficient as a value indicating a correlation for each cell separated by the cell region separation unit 118, for example. For example, in the cell 1 separated by the cell region separation unit 118, the mechanism analysis unit 124 calculates the cross-correlation coefficient of each of the elements a to f constituting the cell 1.
- FIG. 1 An example of the cross-correlation coefficient calculated by the mechanism analysis unit 124 is shown in FIG.
- the mechanism analysis unit 124 calculates the cross-correlation coefficient from the element a to the element b as 0.85.
- the mechanism analysis unit 124 performs grouping for each cell close to a predetermined feature amount based on the cross-correlation coefficient calculated for each cell.
- the predetermined feature amount is, for example, an amount indicating a distance between cells exceeding a certain threshold on the coordinates of the n-dimensional vector space indicating the influence between elements.
- the predetermined feature amount may be calculated in advance through experiments or the like and stored in the storage unit 130 or the like.
- FIG. 28 is a schematic diagram of an example showing a grouping process performed on cells.
- the mechanism analysis unit 124 distributes the cells in n-dimensional coordinates with the number n indicating the influence between the elements.
- the mechanism analysis unit 124 performs clustering processing on cells distributed on n-dimensional coordinates based on a predetermined feature amount, and groups the cells.
- the mechanism analysis unit 124 distributes cells on n-dimensional coordinates based on, for example, the influence from the element a to the element b direction, the influence from the element b to the element g direction, and the influence from the element d to the element b direction. .
- the mechanism analysis unit 124 classifies the cells distributed on the n-dimensional coordinates into, for example, three groups (GP1 to GP3) by clustering processing.
- the mechanism analysis unit 124 constructs and analyzes a model (for example, a signal cascade) indicating the correlation between elements based on the cross-correlation coefficient of the grouped cells.
- a model for example, a signal cascade
- FIG. 29 is a diagram illustrating an example of a signal cascade model constructed for each group by the mechanism analysis unit 124.
- the mechanism analysis unit 124 constructs a signal cascade model for each of the three classified groups (GP1 to GP3).
- FIG. 30 is a flowchart showing a flow of processing executed by the analysis apparatus 100.
- the analysis apparatus 100 repeatedly executes the process of this flowchart, for example, the user's arbitrary number of times.
- the microscope control unit 112 controls the microscope 200 so as to image the entire culture vessel at a low magnification (wide range), and acquires a low-resolution image (step S100). Further, the microscope control unit 112 may control the microscope 200 so that the entire culture container is tiled and imaged at a medium magnification.
- the density calculation unit 114 calculates the cell density and the cell adhesion degree of the cell cell existing in the region F indicating the entire image of the culture container in the image acquired by the microscope 200 (step S102).
- the region-of-interest detection unit 116 detects the region of interest R based on the cell density and cell adhesion degree calculated by the density calculation unit 114 (step S104).
- the microscope control unit 112 controls the microscope 200 so as to capture the region of interest R at a high magnification, and acquires a high resolution image (step S106).
- the cell region separation unit 118 detects the cell region and separates the cells on the image captured at a high magnification by the microscope 200 (step S108).
- the feature amount extraction unit 122 performs the inter-cell or intra-cell material, gene expression, organelle activity, and direction of the elements in the cell from the image in which the cells are separated by the cell region separation unit 118.
- Various feature amounts such as sex and cell reaction such as cell cycle are extracted (step S110).
- the mechanism analysis unit 124 based on the time series extracted by the feature amount extraction unit 122, the change in the growth environment of the cell, or the state data of the cell itself based on the feature data and the feature data of the spatial series, The correlation between the feature data is calculated (step S112).
- the mechanism analysis unit 124 calculates the correlation between the elements from which the feature data is extracted based on the calculated correlation between the feature data (step S114). Thereby, this flowchart is completed.
- the mechanism analysis unit 124 may calculate a correlation between elements based on various feature data extracted in a spatial series by the feature amount extraction unit 122.
- FIG. 31 is a diagram illustrating an example of how a stimulus signal transmitted between cells is spread. As shown in FIG. 31, for example, when a stimulus 80 is applied to the culture container from the outside, the mechanism analysis unit 124 transmits a signal from the cell 82 to the surrounding cells according to the stimulus 80. Therefore, the mechanism analysis unit 124 can identify a signal network group that is activated by surrounding cells, triggered by a stimulus applied to the culture vessel. As a result, the analysis apparatus 100 measures the feature quantity that identifies the activated signal network group with respect to each cell, and measures the spatiotemporal timing at which the feature quantity is expressed. The spatiotemporal timing that is activated can be analyzed.
- the mechanism analysis unit 124 also analyzes the spatio-temporal timing at which the signal network group is activated by combining the feature data 84 extracted in the space series and the feature data 86 extracted in the time series. Good.
- the mechanism analysis unit 124 may construct a relationship in which the cells that are stimulated are the main and the cells that are not stimulated are the subordinates. As a result, the mechanism analysis unit 124 can assume a permutation from feature data extracted from cells that are not stimulated and showing correlation, from the more correlated data. The mechanism analysis unit 124 builds a model indicating the correlation between elements based on the assumed permutation of feature data. That is, the mechanism analysis unit 124 calculates a correlation between elements based on the distance between the elements, and builds a model indicating the correlation between elements based on the calculated magnitude of the correlation between the elements.
- the analysis apparatus 100 may acquire an optimal imaging condition (Optical Configuration: OC) from the external storage device 300 at the time of imaging of the analysis target, and perform the processing based on the acquired optimal imaging condition OC.
- the optimum imaging condition OC is, for example, the magnification of the microscope 200 associated with the analysis target, the sensitivity of the focus position detector, the exposure condition, the resolution of the detector, the intensity of transmitted light, the intensity or wavelength of fluorescence excitation light, auto These are parameters such as focus conditions and filter selection for fluorescence imaging. It is assumed that the optimum imaging condition OC is acquired in advance by the analysis device 100 or another analysis device and stored in a storage device such as the external storage device 300.
- FIG. 32 is a diagram illustrating an example of processing performed based on the optimum imaging condition OC.
- the analysis apparatus 100 acquires an optimal imaging condition OC that matches or is similar from the external storage device 300 according to the analysis target.
- the analysis device 100 performs the processing based on the optimal imaging condition OC acquired from the external storage device 300.
- the external storage device uses the changed condition as a new optimal imaging condition OC. 300.
- setting of conditions can be reduced in imaging of the analysis target.
- the reproducibility of the experiment related to the analysis is improved.
- the analysis apparatus 100 may acquire an image associated with other information in advance from a storage device such as the external storage device 300.
- FIG. 33 is a diagram illustrating an example of processing for acquiring an image previously associated with other information.
- the analysis apparatus 100 associates an image with other information and stores the image in a storage device such as the external storage device 300 in advance.
- the other information is all information related to the analysis such as wavelength, analysis target name, cell type, project name, and experimental conditions.
- the user can acquire an image related to the protein that is the analysis target name from the external storage device 300 via the analysis device 100.
- the user can acquire an image related to predetermined staining, which is an experimental condition, from the external storage device 300 via the analysis device 100. Thereby, it is possible to adapt to the usage state of the user, and convenience is improved.
- the analysis apparatus 100 may acquire information on the previous imaging position from the storage unit 130 and select a next imaging position based on the acquired information on the previous imaging position.
- the pre-imaging position is a position that has already been imaged in the culture vessel.
- FIG. 34 is a diagram illustrating an example of processing for selecting the next imaging position based on the acquired imaging information.
- the analysis apparatus 100 selects the next imaging position while avoiding the previous imaging position 92. Thereby, it is possible to suppress the influence of phototoxicity due to the irradiation of light during imaging, the fading of fluorescence and the like. It is also useful when evaluating light intensity, cytotoxicity, or the like.
- an image of a cell is acquired, elements constituting a mechanism that controls a life phenomenon are identified based on the acquired cell image, and element characteristics are identified for each identified element.
- the feature data indicating the quantity is calculated, the correlation between the feature data is calculated based on the calculated feature data, and the correlation between the elements is calculated based on the calculated correlation between the feature data.
- the analysis apparatus 100 can analyze the relevance between the elements constituting the mechanism governing the life phenomenon related to the cell while appropriately analyzing the image.
- an element that can be identified based on the acquired cell image is analyzed, so that the reliability of the mechanism that controls the life phenomenon is highly reflected.
- the correlation between them can be calculated.
- by performing analysis on an element that can be identified based on the acquired cell image even if it is a correlation between different types of elements, A high correlation can be calculated.
- a signal cascade model as a model indicating the correlation between elements for each classified group, a plurality of different signal cascades are activated. Even in the case of a cell constituted by cells, a model of a signal cascade adapted to the cell can be constructed.
- the mechanism analysis unit 124 of the embodiment by combining the feature data extracted in the space series and the feature data extracted in the time series, the signal transmission state between the cells with respect to the stimulus and between the cells It is possible to analyze the influence of contact and the like.
- a model indicating the correlation between elements constructed by the mechanism analysis unit 124 is repeatedly analyzed until a model indicating a predetermined relationship is generated, thereby creating an arbitrary cell of the user. be able to.
- the microscope 200 in the above embodiment is an example of an “acquisition unit”
- the density calculation unit 114, the region of interest detection unit 116, and the cell region separation unit 118 are examples of an “identification unit”
- a feature amount extraction unit. 122 and the mechanism analysis unit 124 are examples of the “calculation unit”. Note that the processes of the feature quantity extraction unit 122 and the mechanism analysis unit 124 may be performed by only one of the functional units. Further, the processing of the feature amount extraction unit 122 and the mechanism analysis unit 124 may be performed by other functional units such as the density calculation unit 114, the region of interest detection unit 116, and the cell region separation unit 118.
- the “computer system” referred to here may include an OS and hardware such as peripheral devices. Further, the “computer system” includes a homepage providing environment (or display environment) if the WWW system is used.
- “Computer-readable recording medium” means a flexible disk, a magneto-optical disk, a ROM, a writable nonvolatile memory such as a flash memory, a portable medium such as a CD-ROM, a hard disk built in a computer system, etc. This is a storage device.
- the “computer-readable recording medium” means a volatile memory (for example, DRAM) in a computer system that becomes a server or a client when a program is transmitted via a network such as the Internet or a communication line such as a telephone line. In this way, it is assumed to include those that hold programs for a certain period of time.
- the program may be transmitted from a computer system storing the program in a storage device or the like to another computer system via a transmission medium or by a transmission wave in the transmission medium.
- the “transmission medium” for transmitting the program refers to a medium having a function of transmitting information, such as a network (communication network) such as the Internet or a communication line (communication line) such as a telephone line.
- the program may be for realizing a part of the functions described above. Furthermore, what can implement
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Abstract
Description
観察装置1は、後述する「本観察」を行う前に「プレ観察」を行う。プレ観察とは、本観察すべき領域を導出するために自動で行われる処理である。
密度算出部114は、顕微鏡200によって取得された画像において、培養容器の全体像を示す領域Fの中に存在する細胞cellの細胞密度及び細胞密着度を算出する。図5に示すように、密度算出部114は、顕微鏡200によって取得された画像から、培養容器中の細胞の存在領域を検出し、その中から任意の領域(例えば領域A~C)を抽出する。まず、密度算出部114は、抽出した任意の領域の中に存在する細胞cellの領域を示す細胞領域20から、細胞領域マスクを生成する。また、密度算出部114は、領域Aから領域20を差し引いた領域を示す背景領域22から、背景領域マスクを生成する。密度算出部114は、例えば、所定の輝度値以上で蛍光されている細胞領域20を“1”とし、その他の領域を“0”とする細胞領域マスクを生成し、細胞領域マスクから細胞領域20を除いたマスクを背景領域マスクとして生成する。所定の輝度値とは、蛍光を発する細胞、或いは蛍光標識されている細胞か否かを判定することができる輝度値であり、実験等によって予め求められている。
観察装置1は、プレ観察の結果に基づいて、撮像時の種々のパラメータを決定し、このパラメータで関心領域Rを高解像で撮像する。すなわち、顕微鏡制御部112は、関心領域Rを高倍率で撮像するように顕微鏡200を制御する。この際、観察装置1は、当該本観察の対象物の条件が、記憶部130等に記憶されている過去のデータと一致または類似する場合、このデータが取得された際に適用された撮像時のパラメータを、当該本観察の撮像パラメータとして適用してもよい。また、観察装置1は、画像のSN比(Signal-Noise ratio)を自動計測して精度を向上させてもよい。以下に、本観察時における解析装置100の処理について説明する。
細胞領域分離部118は、顕微鏡200により撮像された画像から、細胞領域を検出し細胞を分離する。細胞領域分離部118は、例えば、同一の細胞群から取得される透過DIC画像、位相差画像、暗視野画像、明視野画像、及び発色画像から、細胞1つごとの細胞領域を検出する。発色画像とは、蛍光染色試薬や抗体等によって、細胞全体、細胞質、細胞膜、核、細胞内小器官群、生体物質のうち、一つ以上が呈色されたことを示す画像である。
また、細胞領域分離部118は、発色画像に基づいて、細胞領域を検出してもよい。図10は、発色画像に対して行われる細胞領域の検出処理の一例を示す図である。
解析装置100は、画像上で分離した各細胞に対して、特徴量を抽出する前に、以下の処理を予め行ってもよい。図11は、輝度値を補正する処理の一例を示す図である。
細胞領域分離部118は、発色された解析対象の画像から所定の発色パターンを検出し、解析対象の画像に対して、所定の発色パターンと予め対応付けられた最適な細胞領域の検出方法を選択する。細胞領域分離部118は、例えば、画像の輝度の分散値に基づいて、所定の発色パターンを検出する。図12は、発色された細胞の画像の一例を示す図である。
特徴量抽出部122は、関心領域検出部116により検出された関心領域内部における、細胞領域分離部118により分離された細胞に対して、細胞の核と細胞質との間を往来する物質の特徴量を抽出する。なお、これらの物質は、抗体や蛍光蛋白質等で、予め蛍光染色しておく。特徴量抽出部122は、例えば、細胞の核と細胞質との間を往来する物質である蛋白質の特徴量を抽出する。特徴量抽出部122は、例えば、核の内部に局在していた蛋白質が、核の外部を覆う細胞質に移動した場合、蛋白質の移動前後の画像から特徴量として以下の値を抽出する。また、特徴量抽出部122は、細胞質に局在していた蛋白質が、核の内部に移動した場合でも、蛋白質の移動前後の画像から特徴量を抽出する。なお、以下に示す特徴量は一例であって、他の特徴量を抽出してもよい。
・核の総輝度値/細胞の総輝度値。
・核の平均輝度値/細胞質の平均輝度値。
・核の平均輝度値/細胞の平均輝度値。
・細胞内の輝度値の分散。
・核内の輝度値の分散。
・核内の輝度値の平均。
・細胞質内の輝度値の分散。
・細胞内の輝度値の平均。
・細胞質内の輝度値の平均。
・核の輝度の中央値/細胞質の輝度の中央値。
・核の輝度の中央値/細胞の輝度の中央値。
・細胞内の輝度値の中央値。
・核内の輝度値の中央値。
・細胞質の輝度値の中央値。
・核膜の平均輝度値/核の平均輝度値。
・核内の輝度値の分散。
・細胞質内の輝点数。
・細胞内の輝点の平均輝度値。
・細胞内の輝点の総輝度値(細胞毎の合計値)
・各輝点の面積。
・細胞毎の輝点の平均面積。
・核膜の輝度値の中央値/核の輝度値の中央値。
・核膜の総輝度値/細胞質の総輝度値。
・核膜の平均輝度値/細胞質の平均輝度値。
・核膜の輝度値の中央値/細胞質の輝度値の中央値。
・核膜の総輝度値/細胞の総輝度値。
・核膜の平均輝度値/細胞の平均輝度値。
・核膜の輝度値の中央値/細胞の輝度値の中央値。
・核膜の総輝度値。
・核膜の平均輝度値。
・核膜の輝度分散。
・核膜の中央値。
・細胞質内の輝度値の分散。
・細胞内の輝度値の平均。
・細胞質内の輝度値の平均。
・核の輝度の中央値/細胞質の輝度の中央値。
・核の輝度の中央値/細胞の輝度の中央値。
・細胞内の輝度値の中央値。
・核内の輝度値の中央値。
・細胞質の輝度値の中央値。
特徴量抽出部122は、細胞の所定の領域に一様に分布している物質が凝集(スポット)するように形成された場合、凝集する前後の画像から物質の特徴量を抽出する。特徴量抽出部122は、例えば、細胞の所定の領域に一様に分布している物質として、GSK3βやp-GSK3β等の蛋白質から特徴量を抽出する。特徴量抽出部122は、例えば、蛋白質の凝集する前後の画像から特徴量として以下の値を抽出する。なお、以下に示す特徴量は一例であって、他の特徴量を抽出してもよい。
・核の総輝度値/細胞質の総輝度値。
・核の平均輝度値/細胞の平均輝度値。
・核の平均輝度値/細胞質の平均輝度値。
・細胞内の輝度値の分散。
・スポット数。
・核内のスポット数/核外のスポット数。
特徴量抽出部122は、細胞の所定の領域に一様に分布している物質が部分集合し特定の集合体(ドメイン)を形成する場合、特定の集合体(ドメイン)を形成する物質の特徴量を抽出する。特徴量抽出部122は、例えば、特定の集合体(ドメイン)を形成する物質である蛋白質の特徴量を抽出する。蛋白質は、例えば、アクチン(Actin)、SNX-9、p-Akt(S473)、WASH1、及びEEA1等である。特徴量抽出部122は、例えば、蛋白質が特定の集合体(ドメイン)を形成する前後の画像から特徴量として以下の値を抽出する。なお、以下に示す特徴量は一例であって、他の特徴量を抽出してもよい。
・ドメインの面積。
・細胞内のドメインの数(細胞毎の合計値及び平均値)。
・ドメインの総輝度値/細胞質の総輝度値。
・ドメインの平均輝度値/細胞の平均輝度値。
特徴量抽出部122は、細胞の所定の領域に一様に分布している物質が部分集合し特定の集合体(ドメイン)を形成する場合、特定の集合体(ドメイン)と同箇所に集合する他の物質について特徴量を抽出する。また、特徴量抽出部122は、特定の集合体を形成しない場合において、複数の物質が同箇所に存在するか否かをその物質の特徴量の抽出により解析する。特徴量抽出部122は、特徴量抽出部122は、例えば、特定の集合体(ドメイン)と同箇所に集合する物質である蛋白質の特徴量を抽出する。
・アクチンドメイン上の蛋白質の総輝度値/細胞全体の蛋白質の総輝度値。
・アクチンドメイン上の蛋白質の平均輝度値/細胞全体の蛋白質の平均輝度値。
・アクチンドメイン周囲の一定の範囲における蛋白質の総輝度値/細胞全体の蛋白質の総輝度値。
・アクチンドメイン上の蛋白質の平均輝度値/ドメイン周囲の一定の範囲における蛋白質の平均輝度値。
・アクチンドメイン上の蛋白質の総輝度値/ドメイン周囲の一定の範囲における蛋白質の総輝度値。
・アクチンドメイン周囲の一定の範囲における蛋白質の輝度値の分散。
細胞は、移動して活動する際に細胞の形を変化させる場合がある。このとき、細胞内に存在する蛋白質の一種であるアクチンや、微小管等の微小線維が、細胞の変化に伴って特定の方向性を示す。これらの微小繊維は、抗体や蛍光蛋白質等により蛍光染色することが可能である。
細胞の核の内部に一様に分布しているクロマチン等の蛋白質複合体は、細胞が死ぬ際に小さな塊となって凝集する。これらの蛋白質は、抗体、蛍光蛋白質、蛍光色素(例えばDAPIやHoechst等)により蛍光染色することが可能である。
機構解析部124は、時系列、もしくは、刺激条件等の細胞周辺環境の変化に伴って、もしくは、分化段階や刺激後の経過時間や、遺伝子発現等の、細胞の状態変化に伴って特徴量抽出部122により抽出された種々の特徴量を示すデータ(以下、「特徴データ」と記載する)に基づいて、特徴データ間の相関関係を算出する。本実施形態において、特徴データは、例えば、1つの解析対象(要素)に対して複数生成される。例えば、要素aからは、特徴データa1~an個のデータが生成され、要素bからは、特徴データb1~bn個のデータが生成される。なお、要素c以降については説明を省略する。また、ここでnは、正の整数を表すものとする。
機構解析部124は、例えば、グラフG14に示す時間によって変化する特徴データXと、グラフG15に示す時間によって変化する特徴データYと、グラフG16に示す時間によって変化する特徴データZとの相関関係を、下記に示す式(1)及び(2)に基づいて算出する。特徴量は、例えば、長さn、時間差kで表される。式(1)は、相互共分散Ckを算出する算出式であり、式(2)は、相互相関Rkを算出する算出式である。
機構解析部124は、例えば、特徴データXの変化量が大きい区間(t~t+n)と、特徴データYの変化量が大きい区間(t+k~t+k+n)とを比較することにより、特徴データX及び特徴データYの相関関係を算出する。このとき、特徴データX及び特徴データYの相関関係は、例えば、相互相関係数0.9(正の相関)として算出される。機構解析部124は、例えば、特徴データに対して、一定の刻み幅で特徴データの値をサンプリングし、時間的に隣接するデータとの差分がしきい値以上である区間を変化量が大きい区間として特定する。
機構解析部124は、例えば、特徴データXの変化量が大きい区間(t~t+n)と、特徴データZの変化量が大きい区間(t+k~t+k+n)とを比較することにより、特徴データX及び特徴データZの相関関係を算出する。図16に示す具体例においては、特徴データX及び特徴データZの相関関係は、例えば、相互相関係数-0.9(負の相関)として算出される。
図19は、阻害薬が添加された細胞が示す特徴データに対して強い相関を示す特徴データの一例を示す図である。特徴データaは、区間(0~k)において、阻害薬が添加されたことにより特徴量の変化が失われている。
・要素bの発現は要素aの制御を受けていない。
・要素bの局在変化と凝集は、要素aの制御を受けている。
・要素bの発現量は、要素cを制御していることが推定される。
・要素nの配向は、要素aと連動していることが推定される。
・要素nの配向は、要素bの局在変化か凝集と連動していることが推定される。
機構解析部124は、要素aの発現を失わせる処理と同時に、または当該処理のあとに、他の要素ごとに対して、その変化が失われる処置を実施して、その他の要素の特徴量の変化を算出する。これを繰り返すことで、要素間の相関関係を示すモデルを構築する。すなわち、機構解析部124は、算出した特徴データ間の相関に基づいて、解析対象(要素)間の相関を算出し、要素間の相関関係を示すモデルを構築する。上述した要素間の相関関係は、例えば、ベクトルによって、相関関係の強さおよび方向を表す。以下、このベクトルを、「相関ベクトル」と称する。
<機構の解析III>
機構解析部124は、特徴量抽出部122により空間系列で抽出された種々の特徴データに基づいて、要素間の相関関係を算出してもよい。図31は、細胞間に伝達される刺激の信号の広がり方を表した一例を示す図である。図31に示すように、機構解析部124は、例えば、外部から培養容器内に刺激80が与えられる場合、この刺激80に応じて細胞82から周囲の細胞へと信号が伝達される。そのため、機構解析部124は、培養容器に与えられた刺激がトリガとなって、周囲の細胞で活性化されるシグナルネットワーク群を特定することができる。この結果、解析装置100は、活性化されたシグナルネットワーク群を特定する特徴量を、各細胞に対して計測し、その特徴量が発現する時空間的タイミングを計測することで、シグナルネットワーク群が活性化される時空間タイミングを解析することができる。
解析装置100は、解析対象の撮像の際に、外部記憶装置300から最適な撮像条件(Optical Configuration:OC)を取得し、取得した最適な撮像条件OCに基づいて係る処理を行ってもよい。最適な撮像条件OCは、例えば、解析対象に対応付けられた顕微鏡200の倍率や焦点位置検出器の感度、露光条件、検出器の解像度、透過光の強度、蛍光励起光の強度や波長、オートフォーカスの条件、蛍光撮像用のフィルタ選択等のパラメータである。なお、最適な撮像条件OCは、予め解析装置100や他の解析装置等によって取得され、外部記憶装置300等の記憶装置に記憶されているものとする。
解析装置100は、複数回にわたり培養容器内を撮像する場合、前撮像位置の情報を記憶部130から取得し、取得した前撮像位置の情報に基づいて、次の撮像位置を選定してもよい。前撮像位置とは、培養容器内において既に撮像した位置である。図34は、取得した撮像情報に基づいて、次の撮像位置を選定する処理の一例を示す図である。
本発明の実施形態における解析装置100の各処理を実行するためのプログラムをコンピューター読み取り可能な記録媒体に記録して、当該記録媒体に記録されたプログラムをコンピューターシステムに読み込ませ、実行することにより、上述した種々の処理を行ってもよい。
Claims (26)
- 細胞の画像を取得する取得部と、
前記取得部により取得された細胞の画像に基づいて、識別可能な要素を識別する識別部と、
前記識別部により識別された要素ごとに要素の特徴量を算出し、算出した前記要素の特徴量に基づいて前記特徴量間の相関を算出し、算出した前記特徴量間の相関に基づいて前記要素間の相関を算出する算出部と、
を備える解析装置。 - 前記要素は、前記画像のコントラストの情報に基づき識別可能な物質と、前記画像のコントラストの情報に基づき識別可能な現象との少なくとも一方を含む、
請求項1記載の解析装置。 - 前記要素は、前記細胞と、前記細胞内に存在して前記細胞を構成する物質との少なくとも一方を含む、
請求項1記載の解析装置。 - 前記物質は、細胞小器官と、前記細胞の生体物質との少なくとも一方を含む、
請求項3記載の解析装置。 - 前記算出部は、算出した前記特徴量間の相関に基づいて、前記要素間の相関を示す相関ベクトルを算出する、
請求項1から4のうちいずれか1記載の解析装置。 - 前記算出部は、算出した前記要素の特徴量に基づいて、前記特徴量間の相関を示すマトリクスを算出する、
請求項1から5のうちいずれか1項記載の解析装置。 - 前記算出部は、前記細胞内に存在する要素の発現を、前記要素の特徴量として算出する。
請求項1から6のうちいずれか1項記載の解析装置。 - 前記算出部は、前記細胞内に存在する要素の形状の分布または位置の分布を、前記特徴量として算出する、
請求項1から7のうちいずれか1項記載の解析装置。 - 前記算出部は、前記細胞の核内部に存在する要素の形状の分布を、前記要素の特徴量として算出する、
請求項8記載の解析装置。 - 前記算出部は、前記細胞内に存在する要素の方向性を、前記要素の特徴量として算出する、
請求項1から9のうちいずれか1記載の解析装置。 - 前記算出部は、前記細胞の状態を、前記要素の特徴量として算出する、
請求項1から10のうちいずれか1項記載の解析装置。 - 前記細胞の状態とは、細胞死と細胞周期とを含む状態である、
請求項11記載の解析装置。 - 前記算出部は、前記細胞内に存在する要素の移動を、前記特徴量として算出する、
請求項1から12のうちいずれか1項記載の解析装置。 - 前記算出部は、前記細胞内に存在する要素の位置の共局在を、前記特徴量として算出する、
請求項1から13のうちいずれか1項記載の解析装置。 - 前記算出部は、前記細胞内に存在する要素のドメインを、前記特徴量として算出する、
請求項1から14のうちいずれか1項記載の解析装置。 - 前記算出部は、前記細胞の画像における前記要素の位置および配置に基づいて空間系列の要素の特徴量を算出し、時系列に取得された前記細胞の画像から時系列の要素の特徴量を算出し、算出した前記空間系列の要素の特徴量と前記時系列の要素の特徴量とを組み合わせて前記要素間の相関を算出する、
請求項1から15のうちいずれか1項記載の解析装置。 - 前記算出部は、時間と、前記細胞の生育環境の変化度合と、前記細胞の状態変化度合とのうちいずれか1つ以上を変化させながら前記特徴量間の相関を算出する、
請求項1から16のうちいずれか1項記載の解析装置。 - 前記算出部は、前記特徴量間の相関が最も大きくなったときの、前記時間と、前記細胞の生育環境の変化度合と、前記細胞の状態変化度合とを変化させた方向に基づいて、前記要素間の相関を算出する、
請求項17記載の解析装置。 - 前記算出部は、複数の前記要素ごとについて、複数の特徴量間の相互相関を示す値を算出することによって、前記要素をグループ化する、
請求項1から18のうちいずれか1項記載の解析装置。 - 前記算出部は、グループ化した前記要素ごとに、前記要素間の相関を示すモデルを算出する、
請求項19記載の解析装置。 - 細胞の画像を取得し、取得した細胞の画像に基づいて、識別可能な要素を識別し、識別した要素ごとに要素の特徴量を算出し、算出した前記要素の特徴量に基づいて前記特徴量間の相関を算出し、算出した前記特徴量間の相関に基づいて前記要素間の相関を算出する解析装置に、前記取得した細胞の画像を解析させ、
前記解析装置により算出される要素間の相関を示すモデルが所定の関係になるまで、新たな前記細胞の画像を取得して前記解析装置に解析させることを繰り返すことを特徴とする、
解析方法。 - 前記画像は、時間と、前記細胞の生育環境の変化度合と、前記細胞の状態変化度合とのうちいずれか1つ以上を変化させながら撮像した画像である、
請求項21記載の解析方法。 - 所定の関係とは、少なくとも一部の関係の方向性が定まることである、
請求項21または22記載の解析方法。 - 細胞の画像を取得し、取得した細胞の画像に基づいて、識別可能な要素を識別し、識別した要素ごとに要素の特徴量を算出し、算出した前記要素の特徴量に基づいて前記特徴量間の相関を算出し、算出した前記特徴量間の相関に基づいて前記要素間の相関を算出する解析装置に、前記取得した細胞の画像を解析させる処理と、
前記解析装置により算出される要素間の相関を示すモデルが所定の関係になるまで、新たな前記細胞の画像を取得して前記解析装置に解析させることを繰り返す処理と、
を実行させる解析プログラム。 - 細胞の画像を取得し、取得した細胞の画像に基づいて、識別可能な要素を識別し、識別した要素ごとに要素の特徴量を算出し、算出した前記要素の特徴量に基づいて前記特徴量間の相関を算出し、算出した前記特徴量間の相関に基づいて前記要素間の相関を算出する解析装置に、前記取得した細胞の画像を解析させるステップと、
前記解析装置により算出される要素間の相関を示すモデルが所定の関係になるまで、新たな前記細胞の画像を取得して前記解析装置に解析させることを繰り返すステップと、
を有する細胞の製造方法。 - 請求項25に記載の細胞の製造方法を用いて製造された細胞。
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| WO2018066039A1 (ja) * | 2016-10-03 | 2018-04-12 | 株式会社ニコン | 解析装置、解析方法、及びプログラム |
| WO2018122908A1 (ja) * | 2016-12-26 | 2018-07-05 | 株式会社ニコン | 解析装置、解析プログラム及び解析方法 |
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Also Published As
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| US10746647B2 (en) | 2020-08-18 |
| US20170350805A1 (en) | 2017-12-07 |
| EP3239287A1 (en) | 2017-11-01 |
| EP3239287A4 (en) | 2018-08-15 |
| JPWO2016103501A1 (ja) | 2017-10-05 |
| JP6670757B2 (ja) | 2020-03-25 |
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