WO2016105907A1 - Methods of making halogenated partially fluorinated compounds - Google Patents

Methods of making halogenated partially fluorinated compounds Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016105907A1
WO2016105907A1 PCT/US2015/063947 US2015063947W WO2016105907A1 WO 2016105907 A1 WO2016105907 A1 WO 2016105907A1 US 2015063947 W US2015063947 W US 2015063947W WO 2016105907 A1 WO2016105907 A1 WO 2016105907A1
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Prior art keywords
cfh
compound
formula
integer
partially fluorinated
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French (fr)
Inventor
Klaus Hintzer
Markus E. HIRSCHBERG
Kai Helmut Lochhaas
Oleg Shyshkov
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3M Innovative Properties Co
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3M Innovative Properties Co
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Priority to RU2017121034A priority Critical patent/RU2017121034A/en
Priority to CN201580070324.5A priority patent/CN107108421B/en
Priority to JP2017531854A priority patent/JP6758781B2/en
Priority to US15/529,116 priority patent/US10099982B2/en
Priority to EP15874088.6A priority patent/EP3237367B1/en
Publication of WO2016105907A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016105907A1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C41/00—Preparation of ethers; Preparation of compounds having groups, groups or groups
    • C07C41/01—Preparation of ethers
    • C07C41/18—Preparation of ethers by reactions not forming ether-oxygen bonds
    • C07C41/22—Preparation of ethers by reactions not forming ether-oxygen bonds by introduction of halogens; by substitution of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C43/00—Ethers; Compounds having groups, groups or groups
    • C07C43/02—Ethers
    • C07C43/03—Ethers having all ether-oxygen atoms bound to acyclic carbon atoms
    • C07C43/04—Saturated ethers
    • C07C43/12—Saturated ethers containing halogen
    • C07C43/126—Saturated ethers containing halogen having more than one ether bond
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C17/00—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons
    • C07C17/07—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by addition of hydrogen halides
    • C07C17/08—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by addition of hydrogen halides to unsaturated hydrocarbons
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C17/00—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons
    • C07C17/07—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by addition of hydrogen halides
    • C07C17/087—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by addition of hydrogen halides to unsaturated halogenated hydrocarbons
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C17/00—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons
    • C07C17/093—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C17/00—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons
    • C07C17/093—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens
    • C07C17/20—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms
    • C07C17/202—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms two or more compounds being involved in the reaction
    • C07C17/208—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms two or more compounds being involved in the reaction the other compound being MX
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C19/00—Acyclic saturated compounds containing halogen atoms
    • C07C19/08—Acyclic saturated compounds containing halogen atoms containing fluorine
    • C07C19/16—Acyclic saturated compounds containing halogen atoms containing fluorine and iodine
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C21/00—Acyclic unsaturated compounds containing halogen atoms
    • C07C21/02—Acyclic unsaturated compounds containing halogen atoms containing carbon-to-carbon double bonds
    • C07C21/18—Acyclic unsaturated compounds containing halogen atoms containing carbon-to-carbon double bonds containing fluorine
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C41/00—Preparation of ethers; Preparation of compounds having groups, groups or groups
    • C07C41/01—Preparation of ethers
    • C07C41/18—Preparation of ethers by reactions not forming ether-oxygen bonds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C41/00—Preparation of ethers; Preparation of compounds having groups, groups or groups
    • C07C41/01—Preparation of ethers
    • C07C41/18—Preparation of ethers by reactions not forming ether-oxygen bonds
    • C07C41/20—Preparation of ethers by reactions not forming ether-oxygen bonds by hydrogenation of carbon-to-carbon double or triple bonds

Definitions

  • Bromine/iodine containing compounds are key materials for producing peroxide curable elastomers. They are used as chain transfer agents (CTA) and/or as cure site monomers (CSM) in polymer synthesis.
  • CTA chain transfer agents
  • CSM cure site monomers
  • diiodoperfluorobutane [I(CF 2 )4l] is a popular chain transfer agent.
  • ⁇ , ⁇ -diiodo (per)fluoroalkanes are prepared by radical reaction of iodine with a fluoroolefin, reaction of ICF 2 I with a (fluoro)olefin, telomerization of a
  • a method of making a partially fluorinated halogenated compound comprising:
  • X and Y are independently selected from F and CI; wherein Rf is a fluorinated monovalent group comprising 1 to 10 carbon atoms;
  • X and Y are independently selected from F and CI; Z is selected from I and Br; and R'f is a fluorinated monovalent group comprising 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
  • a and/or B includes, (A and B) and (A or B).
  • At least one includes all numbers of one and greater (e.g., at least 2, at least 4, at least 6, at least 8, at least 10, at least 25, at least 50, at least 100, etc.).
  • the present disclosure is directed toward the addition reaction of an iodine or bromine containing compound to a terminal double bond containing compound of the formula (I)
  • R f -CF CXY (I) wherein X and Y are independently selected from F and CI; wherein Rf is a fluorinated monovalent group comprising 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
  • Rf may be partially fluorinated (comprising at least one carbon-hydrogen bond and at least one carbon- fluorine bond) or perfluorinated (comprising at least one carbon- fluorine bond and no carbon-hydrogen bonds).
  • Rf may be linear, branched, or cyclic.
  • Rf may be saturated or unsaturated, optionally comprising at least one catenated O, S, and/or N (e.g, an ether linkage).
  • Rf comprises at least one halogen selected from CI, Br, and I.
  • Rf comprises a functional group selected from a sulfate, a carboxylate, a nitrile, and a sulfonate.
  • R'f is the same as Rf in the starting material. In another embodiment R'f is different from Rf.
  • the compound of formula (I) is reacted with an iodine or bromine containing salt in the presence of an acid.
  • the iodine or bromine containing salt is of the formula ZiM +1 , where Z is selected from I and Br, and M is a counter ion with a valency of i in the range of 1 to 4, preferably i is 1 to 2.
  • the counter ion is organic, such as an alkylammonium (e.g., tetramethylammonium, terabutylammonium, etc.).
  • the counter ion is inorganic, such as an ammonium, or a metal, such as alkali metal (e.g., Na, K, Li, etc.) or alkaline earth metal (e.g., Mg, Ca, etc.).
  • the molar ratio ofthe salt to formula (I) is 0.5 : 1 to 10: 1 , preferably 1 : 1 to 5 : 1.
  • An acid is used to favor the addition reaction of the halogenide to the terminal olefin. Generally the lower the pKa (the stronger the acid) the better the yield for the addition reaction. In one embodiment the acid has a pKa of no more than 4.8 at 25 °C, or even no more than 2.
  • Exemplary acids include sulfonic acids (e.g.
  • trifluoromethanesulfonic acid and carboxylic acids (e.g. acetic acid and trifluoroacetic acid), or mixtures thereof.
  • carboxylic acids e.g. acetic acid and trifluoroacetic acid
  • the acids may be diluted with water to any concentration, preferably the acids or mixtures thereof are used in the absence of water.
  • reaction of the iodine or bromine containing salt with the compound of formula (I) may occur in an aqueous solution or a non-aqueous solution.
  • Exemplary solvents that are preferably used are non-reactive organic solvents, such as those which have a boiling point up to 275 °C (e.g. triglyme and tetraglyme), preferably those having a boiling point up to 170 °C (e.g. CH3CN, tetrahydrofuran, propionitrile, monoglyme, diglyme) or mixtures thereof.
  • Exemplary solvents include: acetonitrile, diglyme, monoglyme, propionitrile, triglyme, tetraglyme, tetrahydrofuran, water, and mixtures thereof.
  • reaction of the iodine or bromine containing salt with the compound of formula (I) may occur at pressures from at least ambient (1 bar), 3 bar, or even 5 bar to pressures no higher than 10 bar, 15 bar, or even 20 bar.
  • the reaction of the iodine or bromine containing salt with the compound of formula (I) may occur at temperatures of at least -10 °C, 0 °C, 20 °C, 25 °C , 30 °C, 40 °C, or even 50 °C; and at most 275 °C, 250 °C, 220 °C, 200 °C, 180 °C, 150 °C, 120 °C, 110 °C, or even 100 °C.
  • the compound of formula (I) is reacted with an aqueous solution comprising HZ wherein Z is selected from I and Br.
  • the molar ratio of HZ to formula (I) is 0.5: 1 to 10: 1, preferably 1 : 1 to 5 : 1.
  • the reaction of HZ with the compound of formula (I) may occur at pressures from at least ambient (1 bar), 3 bar, or even 5 bar to pressures no higher than 10 bar, 15 bar, or even 20 bar.
  • the reaction of HZ with compound of formula (I) may occur at temperatures of at least -10 °C, 0 °C, 20 °C, 25 °C , 30 °C, 40 °C, or even 50 °C; and at most 275 °C, 250 °C, 220 °C, 200 °C, 180 °C, 150 °C, 120 °C, 110 °C, or even 100 °C.
  • the reaction of HZ with the compound of formula (I) can be conducted in the presence of cosolvents.
  • cosolvents that are preferably used are non-reactive organic solvents, as those which have a boiling point up to 275 °C (e.g. triglyme and tetraglyme), preferably those having a boiling point up to 170 °C (e.g.
  • Exemplary solvents include: acetonitrile, diglyme, monoglyme, propionitrile, triglyme, tetraglyme, tetrahydrofuran, water, and mixtures thereof.
  • the amount of compound according to formula (I) to the amount of the iodine or bromine containing compounds can be adjusted to favor the reaction of one or both terminal double bonds.
  • the preparation of I-CF 2 -CFH-CF 2 -I using the methods disclosed herein can occur in either a two-step or a one-step synthesis.
  • the perfluoroallyl fluorosulfate can directly be reacted with an iodine containing salt in the presence of an acid.
  • the halogenated partially fluorinated compound of formula (II) can be reacted with a hydrocarbon olefin such as ethylene to elongate the halogenated partially fluorinated compound, adding, for example, a -CH 2 -CH 2 - group.
  • This group on the elongated halogenated partially fluorinated compound can then be reduced to form a partially fluorinated compound according to formula (III):
  • Such insertions of the hydrocarbon olefin into the halogenated partially fluorinated compounds of formula (II) could be conducted by known methods in the absence or in the presence of a radical initiator (e.g. di-tert-butyl peroxide, azobisisobutyronitrile), in the absence or in the presence of a catalyst (e.g.
  • reaction times are from at least 2, 3, 6, or even 10 hrs up to 12, 15, or even 24 hrs or more.
  • Exemplary reaction temperatures are from at least 30, 50, 75, 100, or even 150 °C up to 175, 200, 225, or even 250 °C.
  • the reaction is conducted in a steel or hastelloy autoclave.
  • the corresponding ethylene elongated compound can be reduced to a double bond by known methods (e.g. via KOH/phase transfer catalysts, KOH/EtOH, trialkylamines, Zn/DMF at temperatures ranging from at least 0, 25, 50, 75 or even 100 °C up to 175, 200, 225, or even 250 °C).
  • the compounds according to formulas (II) and (III) can be used, for example, as starting materials or building blocks in chemical synthesis, and/or as a chain transfer agents and/or cure site monomers in a fluoropolymer polymerization.
  • the reactions disclosed herein involve contacting the compound of formula (I) with an iodide or bromide ion in the presence of an acid.
  • the reactions can be conducted at mild pressures and temperatures (for example, ambient pressure at
  • the resulting products can be isolated from the reaction by phase separation.
  • the reaction product is washed with an aqueous solution which separates the compound of formula (II) from the starting materials and by-products.
  • the desired product is isolated via distillation.
  • Embodiment 1 A method of making a halogenated partially fluorinated compound, the method comprising:
  • R f -CF CXY wherein X and Y are independently selected from F and CI; wherein Rf is a fluorinated monovalent group comprising 1 to 10 carbon atoms;
  • X and Y are independently selected from F and CI; Z is selected from I and Br; and R'f is a fluorinated monovalent group comprising 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
  • Embodiment 2 The method of embodiment 1, wherein Rf comprises at least one catenated oxygen or sulfur atom.
  • Embodiment 3 The method of any one of the previous embodiments, wherein Rf comprises at least one halogen selected from at least one CI, Br, and I.
  • Embodiment 4 The method of any one of the previous embodiments, wherein Rf is a linear, branched or cyclic group.
  • Embodiment 6 The method of any one of the previous embodiments, wherein the compound of formula (I) is selected from:
  • Embodiment 7 The method of any one of the previous embodiments, wherein R'f is the same as Rf.
  • Embodiment 8 The method of any one of the previous embodiments, wherein the iodine or bromine containing salt is selected from alkaline halogenides, alkaline earth halogenides, and tetraalkylammonium halogenides.
  • Embodiment 9 The method of any one of the previous embodiments, wherein the pKa of the acid is at most 4.8.
  • Embodiment 10 The method of any one of the previous embodiments, wherein the contacting of the compound of formula (I) with the iodine or bromine containing salt occurs in the presence of a solvent.
  • Embodiment 11 The method of embodiment 10, wherein the solvent is selected from acetonitrile, diglyme, monoglyme, propionitrile, tetraglyme, triglyme,
  • Embodiment 12 The method of any one of the previous embodiments, wherein the contacting of the compound with the iodine or bromine containing salt or the aqueous solution of HZ is conducted at a pressure of 1 to 20 bar and a temperature of 20 to 200 °C.
  • Embodiment 13 The method of any one of the previous embodiments, further comprising, (c) reacting the halogenated partially fluorinated compound of formula (II) with a (terminal) hydrocarbon olefin to elongate the halogenated partially fluorinated compound.
  • Embodiment 14 The method of embodiment 13, further comprising:
  • Embodiment 15 A compound having the following structure:
  • CF 2 CF-CF 2 -OS0 2 F (300 g, 1.3 mol) was added to a mixture of Lil (455 g, 3.4 mol) and acetonitrile (1010 g) at 10 °C. After 6 hr, trifluoroacetic acid (222 g, 1.9 mol) was added at 10 °C and the reaction mixture was intensively stirred and heated up to 60 °C for 106 hr. Subsequently, the reaction mixture was poured into H2O (4 L) creating a biphasic material. The organic phase was separated and washed with water, followed by a washing with a 5 % solution of Na 2 S 2 0 3 . The organic phase was then distilled, collecting I-CF2-CFH-CF2-I (77 g, 0.2 mol) in an isolated yield of 15 %.
  • reaction mixture was poured into H2O (4 L) creating a biphasic material.
  • the organic phase was separated and washed with water, followed by a washing with a 5 % solution of Na2S2C"3.
  • the organic phase was then distilled, collecting I-CF2- CFH-CF2-I (251 g, 0.7 mol) in an isolated yield of 54 %.

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Abstract

Described herein is method of making a halogenated partially fluorinated compound, comprising: (a) providing a compound having the following structure of formula (I): Rf-CF=CXY wherein X and Y are independently selected from F and C1; wherein Rf is a fluorinated monovalent group comprising 1 to 10 carbon atoms; (b) contacting the compound with at least one of (i) an iodine or bromine containing salt in the presence of an acid; and (ii) aqueous solution of HZ wherein Z is selected from I and Br to form the halogenated partially fluorinated compound of the formula (II): R'f-CFH-CXYZ wherein X and Y are independently selected from F and C1; Z is selected from I and Br; and R'f is a fluorinated monovalent group comprising 1 to 10 carbon atoms.

Description

METHODS OF MAKING HALOGENATED PARTIALLY FLUORINATED
COMPOUNDS
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] Methods of making halogenated partially fluorinated compounds from a perhalogenated terminal olefin are disclosed.
BACKGROUND
[0002] Bromine/iodine containing compounds are key materials for producing peroxide curable elastomers. They are used as chain transfer agents (CTA) and/or as cure site monomers (CSM) in polymer synthesis. For example, diiodoperfluorobutane [I(CF2)4l] is a popular chain transfer agent.
[0003] Typically, α,ω-diiodo (per)fluoroalkanes are prepared by radical reaction of iodine with a fluoroolefin, reaction of ICF2I with a (fluoro)olefin, telomerization of a
(fluoro)olefin with shorter-chained α,ω-diiodo fluoroalkanes, and coupling reactions of diiodofluoroalkanes.
[0004] Partially fluorinated α,ω-diiodo fluoroalkanes, such as I-CF2-CFH-CF2-I have been prepared by reaction of pentafluorocyclopropane (0C3F5H) with iodine, as described in J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 5397-5398; or by the reaction of CF2I2 with trifluoroethylene (CF2=CHF), as described in J. Org. Chem. 2004, 69, 2394-2403.
SUMMARY
[0005] There is a desire for alternative methods of making partially fluorinated compounds, which may be simpler, use more readily available starting materials, and/or are more cost effective than current manufacturing processes.
[0006] In one aspect, a method of making a partially fluorinated halogenated compound is described comprising:
(a) providing a compound having the following structure of formula (I): Rf-CF=CXY
wherein X and Y are independently selected from F and CI; wherein Rf is a fluorinated monovalent group comprising 1 to 10 carbon atoms;
(b) contacting the compound with at least one of
(i) an iodine or bromine containing salt in the presence of an acid; and
(ii) aqueous solution of HZ wherein Z is selected from I and Br to form the halogenated partially fluorinated compound of the formula (II):
R'f-CFH-CXYZ
wherein X and Y are independently selected from F and CI; Z is selected from I and Br; and R'f is a fluorinated monovalent group comprising 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
[0007] In another aspect, novel halogenated partially fluorinated compounds are described.
[0008] The above summary is not intended to describe each embodiment. The details of one or more embodiments of the invention are also set forth in the description below. Other features, objects, and advantages will be apparent from the description and from the claims.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0009] As used herein, the term
"a", "an", and "the" are used interchangeably and mean one or more; and
"and/or" is used to indicate one or both stated cases may occur, for example A and/or B includes, (A and B) and (A or B).
[0010] Also herein, recitation of ranges by endpoints includes all numbers subsumed within that range (e.g., 1 to 10 includes 1.4, 1.9, 2.33, 5.75, 9.98, etc.).
[0011] Also herein, recitation of "at least one" includes all numbers of one and greater (e.g., at least 2, at least 4, at least 6, at least 8, at least 10, at least 25, at least 50, at least 100, etc.).
[0012] The present disclosure is directed toward the addition reaction of an iodine or bromine containing compound to a terminal double bond containing compound of the formula (I)
Rf-CF=CXY (I) wherein X and Y are independently selected from F and CI; wherein Rf is a fluorinated monovalent group comprising 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
[0013] Rf may be partially fluorinated (comprising at least one carbon-hydrogen bond and at least one carbon- fluorine bond) or perfluorinated (comprising at least one carbon- fluorine bond and no carbon-hydrogen bonds). Rf may be linear, branched, or cyclic. Rf may be saturated or unsaturated, optionally comprising at least one catenated O, S, and/or N (e.g, an ether linkage). In some embodiments, Rf comprises at least one halogen selected from CI, Br, and I.
[0014] In one embodiment, Rf comprises a functional group selected from a sulfate, a carboxylate, a nitrile, and a sulfonate.
[0015] In one embodiment, Rf is selected from -CF2-O-SO2F; -CF2-I; -CF2-Br; -0-(CF2)a- F; -0-(CF2)a-I; -0-(CF2)a-Br; -0-(CF2)b-0-CF=CXY wherein X and Y are independently selected from F and CI; a is an integer from 1-10; and b is an integer from 2-4.
[0016] Exemplary, compounds of formula (I) have the structure:
X'-CF2-CF=CF2, CF3-0-CF=CF2, C3F7-0-CF=CF2, CF3CF2CF2-0-CF(CF3)-CF2-0- CF=CF2, X'-(CF2)i-4-CF=CF2, CF3-0-(CF2)3-0-CF=CF2, CF2=CF-0-(CF2)2-4-0-CF=CF2, X' -CF2-CF2-0-(CF2)2-4-0-CF=CF2 CF2=CF-0-(CF2)2-4-0-CF2-CF=CF2, CF2=CF-CF2-0- (CF2)2-4-0-CF2-CF=CF2, X'-CF2-CF2-0-(CF2)2-4-0-CF2CF=CF2, X'-CF2-CF2-0-CF=CF2, X'-CF2-CF2-0-CF2-CF=CF2, X'-CF(CF3)-CF2-0-CF=CF2, X'-CF(CF3)-CF2-0-CF2- CF=CF2, X'-CF2-CF2-(0-CF(CF3)-CF2)i-2-0-CF=CF2, X'-CF2-CF2-(0-CF(CF3)-CF2)i-2- 0-CF2-CF=CF2, X'-CF2-CF2-CF2-0-CF=CF2, X'-CF2-CF2-CF2-0-CF2-CF=CF2, X'-CF2- CF2-CF2-(0-CF(CF3)-CF2)i-2-0-CF=CF2, X'-CF2-CF2-CF2-(0-CF(CF3)-CF2)i-2-0-CF2- CF=CF2, X'-CF2-CF2-0-(CF2)2-(0-CF(CF3)CF2)i-2-0-CF2=CF2 wherein X' is selected from Br, I, C(0)X", and SO2X" wherein X" is selected from F, CI, OH, and salts thereof. Exemplary salts of C(0)OH include for example, ammonium salts, alkali and alkaline earth metal salts, such as C(0)ONa.
[0017] It has been discovered that by reacting the compound of formula (I) with either (i) an iodine or bromine containing salt in the presence of an acid or (ii) an aqueous solution of HZ wherein Z is selected from I and Br, the compound of formula (I) undergoes an addition reaction forming a halogenated partially fluorinated compound of formula II
R'f-CFH-CXYZ (II) wherein X and Y are the same as above, Z is selected from I and Br, and R'f is a monovalent fluorinated group.
[0018] In one embodiment, R'f is the same as Rf in the starting material. In another embodiment R'f is different from Rf.
[0019] Exemplary, compounds of formula (II) have the structure:
X'-CF2-CFH-CF2-Z, CF3-0-CFH-CF2-Z, C3F7-0-CFH-CF2-Z, CF3CF2CF2-0-CF(CF3)- CF2-0-CFH-CF2-Z, X'-(CF2)i-4-CFH-CF2-Z , CF3-0-(CF2)3-0-CFH-CF2-Z , Z-CF2-CFH- 0-(CF2)2-4-0-CF=CF2, Z-CF2-CFH-0-(CF2)2-4-0-CFH-CF2-Z, Z-CF2-CFH-0-(CF2)2-4-0- CF2-CF=CF2, Z-CF2-CFH-0-(CF2)2-4-0-CF2-CFH-CF2-Z, CF2=CF-0-(CF2)2-4-0-CF2- CFH-CF2-Z, Z-CF2-CFH-CF2-0-(CF2)2-4-0-CF2-CF=CF2, Z-CF2-CFH-CF2-0-(CF2)2-4-0- CF2-CFH-CF2-Z, X'-CF2-CF2-0-(CF2)2-4-0-CF2CFH-CF2-Z, X'-CF2-CF2-0-CFH-CF2-Z , X'-CF2-CF2-0-CF2-CFH-CF2-Z , X'-CF(CF3)-CF2-0-CFH-CF2-Z , X'-CF(CF3)-CF2-0- CF2-CFH-CF2-Z, X'-CF2-CF2-(0-CF(CF3)-CF2)i-2-0-CFH-CF2-Z, X'-CF2-CF2-(0- CF(CF3)-CF2)i-2-0-CF2-CFH-CF2-Z, X'-CF2-CF2-CF2-0-CFH-CF2-Z, X'-CF2-CF2-CF2- 0-CF2-CFH-CF2-Z, X'-CF2-CF2-CF2-(0-CF(CF3)-CF2)i-2-0-CFH-CF2-Z, X'-CF2-CF2- CF2-(0-CF(CF3)-CF2)I-2-0-CF2-CFH-CF2-Z, X'-CF2-CF2-0-(CF2)2-(0-CF(CF3)CF2)I-2- 0-CFH-CF2-Z wherein Z is Br and I; X' is selected from Br, I, C(0)X", and S02X" wherein X" is selected from F, CI, OH, and salts thereof. Exemplary salts of the C(0)OH include for example, ammonium salts, alkali and alkaline earth metal salts, such as C(0)ONa.
[0020] In one embodiment, the compound of formula (I) is reacted with an iodine or bromine containing salt in the presence of an acid.
[0021] The iodine or bromine containing salt is of the formula ZiM+1, where Z is selected from I and Br, and M is a counter ion with a valency of i in the range of 1 to 4, preferably i is 1 to 2. In one embodiment, the counter ion is organic, such as an alkylammonium (e.g., tetramethylammonium, terabutylammonium, etc.). In another embodiment, the counter ion is inorganic, such as an ammonium, or a metal, such as alkali metal (e.g., Na, K, Li, etc.) or alkaline earth metal (e.g., Mg, Ca, etc.).
[0022] Typically the molar ratio ofthe salt to formula (I) is 0.5 : 1 to 10: 1 , preferably 1 : 1 to 5 : 1.
[0023] An acid is used to favor the addition reaction of the halogenide to the terminal olefin. Generally the lower the pKa (the stronger the acid) the better the yield for the addition reaction. In one embodiment the acid has a pKa of no more than 4.8 at 25 °C, or even no more than 2. Exemplary acids include sulfonic acids (e.g.
trifluoromethanesulfonic acid) and carboxylic acids (e.g. acetic acid and trifluoroacetic acid), or mixtures thereof. The acids may be diluted with water to any concentration, preferably the acids or mixtures thereof are used in the absence of water.
[0024] The reaction of the iodine or bromine containing salt with the compound of formula (I) may occur in an aqueous solution or a non-aqueous solution.
[0025] Exemplary solvents that are preferably used are non-reactive organic solvents, such as those which have a boiling point up to 275 °C (e.g. triglyme and tetraglyme), preferably those having a boiling point up to 170 °C (e.g. CH3CN, tetrahydrofuran, propionitrile, monoglyme, diglyme) or mixtures thereof. Exemplary solvents include: acetonitrile, diglyme, monoglyme, propionitrile, triglyme, tetraglyme, tetrahydrofuran, water, and mixtures thereof.
[0026] In one embodiment, the reaction of the iodine or bromine containing salt with the compound of formula (I) may occur at pressures from at least ambient (1 bar), 3 bar, or even 5 bar to pressures no higher than 10 bar, 15 bar, or even 20 bar. In one embodiment, the reaction of the iodine or bromine containing salt with the compound of formula (I) may occur at temperatures of at least -10 °C, 0 °C, 20 °C, 25 °C , 30 °C, 40 °C, or even 50 °C; and at most 275 °C, 250 °C, 220 °C, 200 °C, 180 °C, 150 °C, 120 °C, 110 °C, or even 100 °C.
[0027] In another embodiment, the compound of formula (I) is reacted with an aqueous solution comprising HZ wherein Z is selected from I and Br.
[0028] In one embodiment, the molar ratio of HZ to formula (I) is 0.5: 1 to 10: 1, preferably 1 : 1 to 5 : 1.
[0029] In one embodiment, the reaction of HZ with the compound of formula (I) may occur at pressures from at least ambient (1 bar), 3 bar, or even 5 bar to pressures no higher than 10 bar, 15 bar, or even 20 bar. In one embodiment, the reaction of HZ with compound of formula (I) may occur at temperatures of at least -10 °C, 0 °C, 20 °C, 25 °C , 30 °C, 40 °C, or even 50 °C; and at most 275 °C, 250 °C, 220 °C, 200 °C, 180 °C, 150 °C, 120 °C, 110 °C, or even 100 °C.
[0030] In one embodiment, the reaction of HZ with the compound of formula (I) can be conducted in the presence of cosolvents. Exemplary cosolvents that are preferably used are non-reactive organic solvents, as those which have a boiling point up to 275 °C (e.g. triglyme and tetraglyme), preferably those having a boiling point up to 170 °C (e.g.
CH3CN, tetrahydrofuran, propionitrile, monoglyme, diglyme) or mixtures thereof.
Exemplary solvents include: acetonitrile, diglyme, monoglyme, propionitrile, triglyme, tetraglyme, tetrahydrofuran, water, and mixtures thereof.
[0031] The reactions described above involve the addition of the HBr an HI group across the double bond of formula (I), thus, the Rf group should remain unchanged in the product (i.e., R'f in formula (II)). However, as mentioned above, in one embodiment, R'f is different from Rf. Such differences may be due to the reaction of the iodine or bromine containing compounds (i.e., the iodine or bromine salts in the presence of an acid or HZ with Z = I, Br) with reactive groups located in the Rf group (e.g. carboxylate, nitrile, or unsaturated groups).
[0032] When the compound of formula (I) comprises two terminal double bonds (such as divinyl ethers of the formula CF2=CF-0-(CF2)2-4-0-CF=CF2 or CF2=CF-0-CF=CF2), the amount of compound according to formula (I) to the amount of the iodine or bromine containing compounds (i.e., the iodine or bromine salts in the presence of an acid or HZ with Z = I, Br) can be adjusted to favor the reaction of one or both terminal double bonds.
[0033] As will be shown in the examples, the preparation of I-CF2-CFH-CF2-I using the methods disclosed herein can occur in either a two-step or a one-step synthesis. For example, perfluoroallyl fluorosulfate (CF2=CF-CF2-0-S02F) can be reacted in a first step with an iodine containing salt via nucleophilic substitution reaction, followed by a second step, wherein the CF2=CF-CF2-I is reacted with an iodine containing salt in the presence of an acid. Alternatively, the perfluoroallyl fluorosulfate can directly be reacted with an iodine containing salt in the presence of an acid.
[0034] Further, in another embodiment, the halogenated partially fluorinated compound of formula (II) can be reacted with a hydrocarbon olefin such as ethylene to elongate the halogenated partially fluorinated compound, adding, for example, a -CH2-CH2- group. This group on the elongated halogenated partially fluorinated compound can then be reduced to form a partially fluorinated compound according to formula (III):
R"-CFH-CF2-CH=CH2 wherein R" is selected from X'-CF2-, CH2=CH-CF2-, CF3O-, CF3CF2CF2-0-, or CF3-O- (CF2)3-0-, wherein X' is selected from Br, I, C(0)X", and S02X" wherein X" is selected from F, CI, OH, and salts thereof
[0035] Such insertions of the hydrocarbon olefin into the halogenated partially fluorinated compounds of formula (II) could be conducted by known methods in the absence or in the presence of a radical initiator (e.g. di-tert-butyl peroxide, azobisisobutyronitrile), in the absence or in the presence of a catalyst (e.g. Ni, Cu, Fe, CuCl/CH3CN, P(OEt)3, Ru/C, Pt/C, Ag/Al203, Ni(CO)2(PPh3)2, W(CO)5P(OEt)3, Mo(CO)5(PPh3), where Et is ethyl and Ph is phenyl). Exemplary reaction times are from at least 2, 3, 6, or even 10 hrs up to 12, 15, or even 24 hrs or more. Exemplary reaction temperatures are from at least 30, 50, 75, 100, or even 150 °C up to 175, 200, 225, or even 250 °C. Typically the reaction is conducted in a steel or hastelloy autoclave.
[0036] Subsequently, the corresponding ethylene elongated compound can be reduced to a double bond by known methods (e.g. via KOH/phase transfer catalysts, KOH/EtOH, trialkylamines, Zn/DMF at temperatures ranging from at least 0, 25, 50, 75 or even 100 °C up to 175, 200, 225, or even 250 °C).
[0037] The compounds according to formulas (II) and (III) can be used, for example, as starting materials or building blocks in chemical synthesis, and/or as a chain transfer agents and/or cure site monomers in a fluoropolymer polymerization.
[0038] The reactions disclosed herein involve contacting the compound of formula (I) with an iodide or bromide ion in the presence of an acid. Advantageously, the reactions can be conducted at mild pressures and temperatures (for example, ambient pressure at
100 °C). Advantageously, in one embodiment, the resulting products can be isolated from the reaction by phase separation. For example, the reaction product is washed with an aqueous solution which separates the compound of formula (II) from the starting materials and by-products. In one embodiment the desired product is isolated via distillation.
[0039] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are listed below:
[0040] Embodiment 1 : A method of making a halogenated partially fluorinated compound, the method comprising:
(a) providing a compound having the following structure of formula (I):
Rf-CF=CXY wherein X and Y are independently selected from F and CI; wherein Rf is a fluorinated monovalent group comprising 1 to 10 carbon atoms;
(b) contacting the compound with at least one of
(i) an iodine or bromine containing salt in the presence of an acid; and
(ii) aqueous solution of HZ wherein Z is selected from I and Br to form the halogenated partially fluorinated compound of the formula (II):
R'f-CFH-CXYZ
wherein X and Y are independently selected from F and CI; Z is selected from I and Br; and R'f is a fluorinated monovalent group comprising 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
[0041] Embodiment 2: The method of embodiment 1, wherein Rf comprises at least one catenated oxygen or sulfur atom.
[0042] Embodiment 3: The method of any one of the previous embodiments, wherein Rf comprises at least one halogen selected from at least one CI, Br, and I.
[0043] Embodiment 4: The method of any one of the previous embodiments, wherein Rf is a linear, branched or cyclic group.
[0044] Embodiment 5: The method of any one of the previous embodiments, wherein Rfis selected from -CF2-O-SO2F; -CF2I; -CF2Br; -0-(CF2)a-F; -0-(CF2)a-I; -0-(CF2)a-Br; -O- (CF2)b-0-CF=XY wherein X and Y are independently selected from F and CI and a is an integer from 1-10 and b is an integer from 2-4.
[0045] Embodiment 6: The method of any one of the previous embodiments, wherein the compound of formula (I) is selected from:
X'-CF2-CF=CF2, CF3-0-CF=CF2, C3F7-0-CF=CF2, CF3CF2CF2-0-CF(CF3)-CF2-0- CF=CF2, X'-(CF2)m-CF=CF2, CF3-0-(CF2)3-0-CF=CF2, CF2=CF-0-(CF2)n-0- CF=CF2, X'-CF2-CF2-0-(CF2)n-0-CF=CF2, CF2=CF-0-(CF2)n-0-CF2-CF=CF2, CF2=CF-CF2-0-(CF2)n-0-CF2-CF=CF2, X'-CF2-CF2-0-(CF2)n-0-CF2CF=CF2, X'- CF2-CF2-0-CF=CF2, X'-CF2-CF2-0-CF2-CF=CF2, X'-CF(CF3)-CF2-0-CF=CF2, X'- CF(CF3)-CF2-0-CF2-CF=CF2, X'-CF2-CF2-(0-CF(CF3)-CF2)p-0-CF=CF2, X'-CF2- CF2-(0-CF(CF3)-CF2)p-0-CF2-CF=CF2, X'-CF2-CF2-CF2-0-CF=CF2, X'-CF2-CF2- CF2-0-CF2-CF=CF2, X'-CF2-CF2-CF2-(0-CF(CF3)-CF2)p-0-CF=CF2, X'-CF2-CF2- CF2-(0-CF(CF3)-CF2)p-0-CF2-CF=CF2, and X'-CF2-CF2-0-(CF2)2-(0-CF(CF3)CF2)p- 0-CF2=CF2 wherein X' is selected from Br, I, C(0)X", and SO2X" wherein X" is selected from F, CI, OH, and salts thereof; m is an integer from 1-4; n is an integer from 2-4; and p is an integer from 1-2 .
[0046] Embodiment 7: The method of any one of the previous embodiments, wherein R'f is the same as Rf.
[0047] Embodiment 8: The method of any one of the previous embodiments, wherein the iodine or bromine containing salt is selected from alkaline halogenides, alkaline earth halogenides, and tetraalkylammonium halogenides.
[0048] Embodiment 9: The method of any one of the previous embodiments, wherein the pKa of the acid is at most 4.8.
[0049] Embodiment 10: The method of any one of the previous embodiments, wherein the contacting of the compound of formula (I) with the iodine or bromine containing salt occurs in the presence of a solvent.
[0050] Embodiment 11 : The method of embodiment 10, wherein the solvent is selected from acetonitrile, diglyme, monoglyme, propionitrile, tetraglyme, triglyme,
tetrahydrofuran, and water.
[0051] Embodiment 12: The method of any one of the previous embodiments, wherein the contacting of the compound with the iodine or bromine containing salt or the aqueous solution of HZ is conducted at a pressure of 1 to 20 bar and a temperature of 20 to 200 °C.
[0052] Embodiment 13: The method of any one of the previous embodiments, further comprising, (c) reacting the halogenated partially fluorinated compound of formula (II) with a (terminal) hydrocarbon olefin to elongate the halogenated partially fluorinated compound.
[0053] Embodiment 14: The method of embodiment 13, further comprising:
reducing the elongated halogenated partially fluorinated compound of embodiment 13 to form a compound of formula (III):
R"-CFH-CF2-CH=CH2
wherein R" is selected from X'-CF2-, CH2=CH-CF2-, CFsO-, CF3CF2CF2-0-, and CF3-O-
(CF2)3-0-, wherein X' is selected from Br, I, C(0)X", and S02X" wherein X" is selected from F, CI, OH, and salts thereof. [0054] Embodiment 15: A compound having the following structure:
Br-CF2-CFH-CF2-I, CF3-0-CFH-CF2-I, C3F7-0-CFH-CF2-Z, CF3-CF2-CF2-0-CF(CF3)- CF2-0-CFH-CF2-Z, I-(CF2)n-CFH-CF2-I, I-(CF2)m-CFH-CF2-Br, Br-(CF2)m-CFH-CF2-I, Br-(CF2)q-CFH-CF2-Br, CF3-0-(CF2)3-0-CFH-CF2-Z, Z-CF2-CFH-0-(CF2)n-0-CF=CF2, Z-CF2-CFH-0-(CF2)n-0-CFH-CF2-Z, Z-CF2-CFH-0-(CF2)n-0-CF2-CF=CF2, Z-CF2-CFH- 0-(CF2)n-0-CF2-CFH-CF2-Z, CF2=CF-0-(CF2)n-0-CF2-CFH-CF2-Z, Z-CF2-CFH-CF2-0- (CF2)n-0-CF2-CF=CF2, Z-CF2-CFH-CF2-0-(CF2)n-0-CF2-CFH-CF2-Z, X'-CF2-CF2-0- (CF2)n-0-CF2CFH-CF2-Z, X'-CF2-CF2-0-CFH-CF2-Z , X'-CF2-CF2-0-CF2-CFH-CF2-Z , X'-CF(CF3)-CF2-0-CFH-CF2-Z , X'-CF(CF3)-CF2-0-CF2-CFH-CF2-Z, X'-CF2-CF2-(0- CF(CF3)-CF2)p-0-CFH-CF2-Z, X'-CF2-CF2-(0-CF(CF3)-CF2)p-0-CF2-CFH-CF2-Z, X'- CF2-CF2-CF2-0-CFH-CF2-Z, X' -CF2-CF2-CF2-0-CF2-CFH-CF2-Z, X' -CF2-CF2-CF2-(0- CF(CF3)-CF2)p-0-CFH-CF2-Z, X'-CF2-CF2-CF2-(0-CF(CF3)-CF2)p-0-CF2-CFH-CF2-Z, X'-CF2-CF2-0-(CF2)2-(0-CF(CF3)CF2)p-0-CFH-CF2-Z, wherein Z is Br, I; X' is selected from Br, I, C(0)X", and S02X" wherein X" is selected from F, CI, OH, and salts thereof; m is an integer from 1-4; n is an integer from 2-4; and p is 1 or 2; and q is 3 or 4.
EXAMPLES
[0055] Advantages and embodiments of this disclosure are further illustrated by the following examples, but the particular materials and amounts thereof recited in these examples, as well as other conditions and details, should not be construed to unduly limit this invention. In these examples, all percentages, proportions and ratios are by weight unless otherwise indicated.
[0056] All materials are commercially available, for example from Sigma-Aldrich
Chemical Company; Milwaukee, WI, or known to those skilled in the art unless otherwise stated or apparent.
[0057] These abbreviations are used in the following examples: b.p. = boiling point, g = gram, h and hr = hour, min = minutes, mol = mole, mbar = millibar, and L = liter.
[0058] Example 1
[0059] Synthesis of CF2=CF-CF2-F
[0060] Perfiuoroallylfluorosulfate (CF2=CF-CF2-0-S02F; 1270 g, 5.5 mol) was added over the course of 9 hrs to a slurry of Nal (531 g, 3.5 mol) and KI (433 g, 2.6 mol) in monoglyme (1910 g) maintained at a temperature between 5 and 20 °C. Afterwards, the reaction mixture was poured into H2O (4 L), creating a biphasic material. The organic phase was separated and washed with water, followed by a washing with a 5 % solution of Na2S203. The organic phase was then distilled, collecting CF2=CF-CF2-I (1246 g, 4.8 mol; b.p. 57 °C at 967 mbar) in an isolated yield of 87 %.
[0061] Synthesis of I-CF2-CFH-CF2-I:
[0062] A mixture of acetonitrile (1010 g), trifluoroacetic acid (220 g, 1.9 mol), Lil (511 g, 3.8 mol) and CF2=CF-CF2-I (328 g, 1.3 mol, from above) was heated to 60 °C for 110 hr. Then the reaction mixture was poured into H2O (4 L), creating a biphasic material. The organic phase was separated and washed with water, followed by a washing with a 5 % solution of Na2S203. The organic phase was then distilled, collecting I-CF2-CFH-CF2-I (402 g, 1.1 mol; b.p. 79 °C at 133 mbar) in an isolated yield of 85 %.
[0063] Example 2
[0064] Synthesis of I-CF2-CFH-CF2-I:
[0065] In a steel autoclave, a mixture of CF2=CF-CF2-I (7.7 g, 29.9 mmol), [NBu4]I (0.6 g, 1.6 mmol), HIaq (57%; 9.1 mL, 15.5 g, 69.0 mmol) and CH3CN (38.9 g) was heated at 96 °C for 14 hr. Afterwards, the reaction mixture was cooled to 25 °C poured into H2O (50 mL) creating a biphasic material. The organic phase was separated and washed with water, followed by a washing with a 5 % solution of Na2S203. 1-CF2-CFH-CF2-I (2.8 g, 7.8 mmol) was obtained in an isolated yield of 26 %.
[0066] Example 3
[0067] Synthesis I-CF2-CFH-CF2-I
[0068] CF2=CF-CF2-OS02F (300 g, 1.3 mol) was added to a mixture of Lil (455 g, 3.4 mol) and acetonitrile (1010 g) at 10 °C. After 6 hr, trifluoroacetic acid (222 g, 1.9 mol) was added at 10 °C and the reaction mixture was intensively stirred and heated up to 60 °C for 106 hr. Subsequently, the reaction mixture was poured into H2O (4 L) creating a biphasic material. The organic phase was separated and washed with water, followed by a washing with a 5 % solution of Na2S203. The organic phase was then distilled, collecting I-CF2-CFH-CF2-I (77 g, 0.2 mol) in an isolated yield of 15 %.
[0069] Example 4
[0070] Synthesis of CF3-0-(CF2)3-0-CFH-CF2-I via HI(aq) in a steel autoclave
[0071] In a steel autoclave a mixture of CF3-0-(CF2)3-0-CF=CF2 (10 g, 31.3 mmol), Lil
(1.9 g, 14.2 mmol), HIaq (57%; 9.5 mL, 16 g, 72.2 mmol) and CH3CN (35 g) was heated at 142 °C for 14 h. Afterwards, the reaction mixture was cooled to 25 °C poured into H2O (50 mL) creating a biphasic material. The organic phase was separated and washed with water, followed by a washing with a 5 % solution of Na2S203. CF3-0-(CF2)3-0-CFH-CF2- I (6.2 g, 13.5 mmol) was obtained in an isolated yield of 43 %.
[0072] Example 5:
[0073] Synthesis of I-CF2-CFH-CF2-I
[0074] A reaction mixture of acetonitrile (1016 g), acetic acid (114 g, 1.9 mol), Lil (513 g, 3.8 mol) and CF2=CF-CF2-I (330 g, 1.3 mol) was heated up to 60 °C for 112 h.
Subsequently, the reaction mixture was poured into H2O (4 L) creating a biphasic material. The organic phase was separated and washed with water, followed by a washing with a 5 % solution of Na2S2C"3. The organic phase was then distilled, collecting I-CF2- CFH-CF2-I (251 g, 0.7 mol) in an isolated yield of 54 %.
[0075] Foreseeable modifications and alterations of this invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of this invention. This invention should not be restricted to the embodiments that are set forth in this application for illustrative purposes.

Claims

What is claimed is:
1. A method of making a halogenated partially fluorinated compound, the method
comprising:
(a) providing a compound having the following structure of formula (I):
Rf-CF=CXY
wherein X and Y are independently selected from F and CI; wherein Rf is a fluorinated monovalent group comprising 1 to 10 carbon atoms;
(c) contacting the compound with at least one of
(iii) an iodine or bromine containing salt in the presence of an acid; and
(iv) aqueous solution of HZ wherein Z is selected from I and Br to form the halogenated partially fluorinated compound of the formula (II):
R'f-CFH-CXYZ
wherein X and Y are independently selected from F and CI; Z is selected from I and Br; and R'f is a fluorinated monovalent group comprising 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein Rf comprises at least one catenated oxygen or sulfur atom.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein Rfis selected from -CF2-O-SO2F; -CF2I; -CF2Br; -O- (CF2)a-F; -0-(CF2)a-I; -0-(CF2)a-Br; -0-(CF2)b-0-CF=XY wherein X and Y are independently selected from F and CI and a is an integer from 1-10 and b is an integer from 2-4.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the compound of formula (I) is selected from:
X'-CF2-CF=CF2, CF3-0-CF=CF2, C3F7-0-CF=CF2, CF3CF2CF2-0-CF(CF3)-CF2-0- CF=CF2, X'-(CF2)m-CF=CF2, CF3-0-(CF2)3-0-CF=CF2, CF2=CF-0-(CF2)n-0- CF=CF2, X'-CF2-CF2-0-(CF2)n-0-CF=CF2, CF2=CF-0-(CF2)n-0-CF2-CF=CF2, CF2=CF-CF2-0-(CF2)n-0-CF2-CF=CF2, X'-CF2-CF2-0-(CF2)n-0-CF2CF=CF2, X'- CF2-CF2-0-CF=CF2, X'-CF2-CF2-0-CF2-CF=CF2, X'-CF(CF3)-CF2-0-CF=CF2, X'- CF(CF3)-CF2-0-CF2-CF=CF2, X'-CF2-CF2-(0-CF(CF3)-CF2)P-0-CF=CF2, X'-CF2- CF2-(0-CF(CF3)-CF2)p-0-CF2-CF=CF2, X'-CF2-CF2-CF2-0-CF=CF2, X'-CF2-CF2- CF2-0-CF2-CF=CF2, X'-CF2-CF2-CF2-(0-CF(CF3)-CF2)p-0-CF=CF2, X'-CF2-CF2- CF2-(0-CF(CF3)-CF2)P-0-CF2-CF=CF2, and X'-CF2-CF2-0-(CF2)2-(0-CF(CF3)CF2)p- 0-CF2=CF2 wherein X' is selected from Br, I, C(0)X", and S02X" wherein X" is selected from F, CI, OH, and salts thereof; m is an integer from 1-4; n is an integer from 2-4; and p is an integer from 1-2 .
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the iodine or bromine containing salt is selected from alkaline halogenides, alkaline earth halogenides, and tetraalkylammonium
halogenides.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pKa of the acid is at most 4.8.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the contacting of the compound of formula (I) with the iodine or bromine containing salt occurs in the presence of a solvent, wherein the solvent is optionally selected from acetonitrile, diglyme, monoglyme, propionitrile, tetraglyme, triglyme, tetrahydrofuran, and water.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the contacting of the compound with the iodine or bromine containing salt or the aqueous solution of HZ is conducted at a pressure of 1 to 20 bar and a temperature of 20 to 200 °C.
9. The method of claim 1, further comprising, (c) reacting the halogenated partially fluorinated compound of formula (II) with a (terminal) hydrocarbon olefin to elongate the halogenated partially fluorinated compound.
10. A compound having the following structure:
Br-CF2-CFH-CF2-I, CF3-0-CFH-CF2-I, C3F7-0-CFH-CF2-Z, CF3-CF2-CF2-0-CF(CF3)- CF2-0-CFH-CF2-Z, I-(CF2)n-CFH-CF2-I, I-(CF2)m-CFH-CF2-Br, Br-(CF2)m-CFH-CF2-I, Br-(CF2)q-CFH-CF2-Br, CF3-0-(CF2)3-0-CFH-CF2-Z, Z-CF2-CFH-0-(CF2)n-0-CF=CF2, Z-CF2-CFH-0-(CF2)n-0-CFH-CF2-Z, Z-CF2-CFH-0-(CF2)n-0-CF2-CF=CF2, Z-CF2-CFH- 0-(CF2)n-0-CF2-CFH-CF2-Z, CF2=CF-0-(CF2)n-0-CF2-CFH-CF2-Z, Z-CF2-CFH-CF2-0- (CF2)n-0-CF2-CF=CF2, Z-CF2-CFH-CF2-0-(CF2)n-0-CF2-CFH-CF2-Z, X'-CF2-CF2-0- (CF2)n-0-CF2CFH-CF2-Z, X'-CF2-CF2-0-CFH-CF2-Z , X'-CF2-CF2-0-CF2-CFH-CF2-Z , X'-CF(CF3)-CF2-0-CFH-CF2-Z , X'-CF(CF3)-CF2-0-CF2-CFH-CF2-Z, X'-CF2-CF2-(0- CF(CF3)-CF2)p-0-CFH-CF2-Z, X'-CF2-CF2-(0-CF(CF3)-CF2)p-0-CF2-CFH-CF2-Z, X'- CF2-CF2-CF2-0-CFH-CF2-Z, X' -CF2-CF2-CF2-0-CF2-CFH-CF2-Z, X' -CF2-CF2-CF2-(0- CF(CF3)-CF2)p-0-CFH-CF2-Z, X'-CF2-CF2-CF2-(0-CF(CF3)-CF2)p-0-CF2-CFH-CF2-Z, X'-CF2-CF2-0-(CF2)2-(0-CF(CF3)CF2)p-0-CFH-CF2-Z, wherein Z is Br, I; X' is selected from Br, I, C(0)X", and S02X" wherein X" is selected from F, CI, OH, and salts thereof; m is an integer from 1-4; n is an integer from 2-4; and p is 1 or 2; and q is 3 or 4.
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