WO2016106615A1 - 多个电子束熔融和铣削复合3d打印设备 - Google Patents

多个电子束熔融和铣削复合3d打印设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016106615A1
WO2016106615A1 PCT/CN2014/095719 CN2014095719W WO2016106615A1 WO 2016106615 A1 WO2016106615 A1 WO 2016106615A1 CN 2014095719 W CN2014095719 W CN 2014095719W WO 2016106615 A1 WO2016106615 A1 WO 2016106615A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electron beam
powder
milling
processing platform
milling head
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2014/095719
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
徐毅
李军旗
聂炎
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Yuanmeng Precision Technology Shenzhen Institute
Original Assignee
Yuanmeng Precision Technology Shenzhen Institute
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Yuanmeng Precision Technology Shenzhen Institute filed Critical Yuanmeng Precision Technology Shenzhen Institute
Priority to EP14909274.4A priority Critical patent/EP3228404A4/en
Priority to US15/110,552 priority patent/US20160332250A1/en
Priority to PCT/CN2014/095719 priority patent/WO2016106615A1/zh
Publication of WO2016106615A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016106615A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
    • B23K15/004—Tandem beams or torches, i.e. working simultaneously with several beams or torches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/40—Radiation means
    • B22F12/44—Radiation means characterised by the configuration of the radiation means
    • B22F12/45—Two or more
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
    • B23K15/002—Devices involving relative movement between electron beam and workpiece
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
    • B23K15/0026—Auxiliary equipment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
    • B23K15/0046—Welding
    • B23K15/0086—Welding welding for purposes other than joining, e.g. build-up welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
    • B23K15/0046—Welding
    • B23K15/0093—Welding characterised by the properties of the materials to be welded
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
    • B23K15/02—Control circuits therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
    • B23K15/06—Electron-beam welding or cutting within a vacuum chamber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/12—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special environment or atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure
    • B23K26/1224—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special environment or atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure in vacuum
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/12—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special environment or atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure
    • B23K26/127—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special environment or atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure in an enclosure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/346—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/36—Removing material
    • B23K26/38—Removing material by boring or cutting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/36—Removing material
    • B23K26/40—Removing material taking account of the properties of the material involved
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P23/00—Machines or arrangements of machines for performing specified combinations of different metal-working operations not covered by a single other subclass
    • B23P23/04—Machines or arrangements of machines for performing specified combinations of different metal-working operations not covered by a single other subclass for both machining and other metal-working operations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/70—Recycling
    • B22F10/73—Recycling of powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/60—Planarisation devices; Compression devices
    • B22F12/67—Blades
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of 3D printing devices, and more particularly to a plurality of electron beam melting and milling composite 3D printing devices.
  • Metal fused 3D printing technology (Selective Laser Melting, SLM) is a high-brightness laser that directly melts the metal powder material without the need for a binder.
  • SLM Selective Laser Melting
  • the 3D model directly forms an arbitrarily complex structural part equivalent to that of the casting.
  • the metal-melting 3D printing technology can form parts that reach the casting strength level, the shape of the formed parts is large and the surface finish is not high. Thus, the formed parts need to be processed twice by conventional machining methods. Processing can get the shape and surface accuracy required by the aerospace manufacturing industry. Most parts of the aerospace industry, such as engine nozzles, blades, honeycomb combustion chambers, etc., are generally complex thin-wall or lattice sandwich structures, or larger-sized shapes, or free-form surfaces, etc. When the parts processed by the metal-melting 3D printing technology are placed in the machine for secondary processing, the following problems exist:
  • the high-power electron beam is directly used to melt the metal powder material without binder, by 3D.
  • the model directly forms any complex structural part that is comparable in performance to the forging.
  • the scanning area is basically 400mm x Below 400mm, it is impossible to mold large parts.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a plurality of electron beam melting and milling composite 3D printing equipment, aiming at solving the prior art, the parts processed by the metal melting 3D printing technology are subjected to secondary processing on the machine tool, and the clamping is difficult and the processing error is large.
  • the problem of variability and difficult processing of parts, as well as the use of electron beam melting 3D printing, can not form large-sized parts.
  • the present invention is achieved by a plurality of electron beam melting and milling composite 3D printing apparatus including a base having a processing platform vertically movable thereon; the base being provided with a metal powder for laying Forming a powder coating structure of a metal powder layer on the processing platform; a plurality of electron beam emission structures and a milling head are respectively disposed above the processing platform, and the plurality of electron beam emission structures are circumferentially arranged around the milling head
  • the plurality of electron beam emitting structures emit electron beams to perform sub-region melt processing on the metal powder layer on the processing platform to form a plurality of single or multiple layers of approximate shapes; the milling head pair is formed at A plurality of single-layer or multi-layer approximate bodies on the processing platform are respectively subjected to milling processing, and a plurality of single-layer or multi-layered approximate bodies formed on the processing platform are integrally connected.
  • the electron beam emitting structure includes an electron beam generator that emits an electron beam and a coil that energizes to generate a magnetic field, and an electron beam emitted from the electron beam generator passes through a magnetic field generated by the coil.
  • the base is provided with two guide rails arranged side by side, the processing platform is located between the two guide rails;
  • the powder spreading structure comprises a scraper and a powder leakage tank located above the scraper.
  • the two ends of the scraper are respectively movably connected to the two guide rails, and a gap is formed between the lower end of the scraper and the processing platform;
  • the powder leakage tank is provided with a powder storage chamber for installing metal powder, and the leakage powder
  • the lower end of the box is provided with a powder leakage hole, and the upper end of the blade is provided with a powder collecting groove for collecting metal powder dropped through the powder leakage hole.
  • the powder-laying structure comprises two scrapers and two of the powder leakage tanks, two of which are respectively provided with a front end and a rear end of the processing platform, and the two powder leakage boxes are respectively located at two Above the scraper.
  • the base is provided with two guide rails arranged side by side, the processing platform is located between the two guide rails;
  • the powder laying structure comprises a scraper and a powder storage box, and the two ends of the scraper respectively Actively connected to the two guide rails, a gap between the lower end of the scraper and the processing platform;
  • the powder storage tank has a powder storage chamber with an upper end opening and used for installing metal powder, and the base is provided with a through hole in which an upper end of the powder storage chamber is aligned;
  • a powder moving chamber of the powder storage tank is provided with a vertical movement and a powder conveying table for transporting metal powder to the base, the powder conveying powder
  • the stages are respectively arranged in alignment with the upper end opening and the through hole of the powder storage chamber.
  • two sides of the processing platform are respectively provided with sensors for detecting the thickness of the metal powder layer laid on the processing platform.
  • the milling head is a laser milling head
  • the two guide rails are movably connected with a gantry
  • the gantry comprises two spaced apart connecting arms and a cross beam, and the lower ends of the two connecting arms are respectively movable Connected to the two rails, the two ends of the beam are respectively connected to the upper ends of the two connecting arms;
  • the beam is movably connected with a moving terminal of the beam moving, and the movable connection on the moving terminal is opposite to The moving terminal moves up and down the connecting plate, and the laser milling head is connected to the connecting plate.
  • a cooling pipeline for circulating cooling water is disposed in the laser milling head.
  • the milling head is a laser milling head
  • the laser milling head includes a laser generator for emitting a laser beam and a plurality of polarizing plates for emitting a laser beam emitted by the laser generator, and the plurality of The polarizing plate is disposed in the accommodating case.
  • the plurality of electron beam melting and milling composite 3D printing apparatus further includes a recovery tank having a recovery chamber for recovering metal powder on the susceptor, the recovery tank being located at the base Below the seat, a recovery port communicating with the recovery chamber is disposed in the base.
  • the present invention provides a plurality of electron beam melting and milling composite 3D printing equipment processing parts, and the metal beam layer is layer-by-layer fused by the electron beam emitting structure emitted by the electron beam emitting structure, and the milling head is used for multiple The single-layer or multi-layer approximation is milled and the cycle is repeated until the part is finished.
  • the 3D printing equipment combines the traditional milling-based demolition precision machining with the electron beam fusion 3D printing-based incremental lamination process. Integration into one, can overcome the defects of the traditional 3D printing technology in terms of size and shape accuracy, and can also overcome the constraints of the machining process on the complexity of the components, so that it is not necessary to perform secondary processing on the processed parts.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a plurality of electron beam melting and milling composite 3D printing apparatuses according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a simplified schematic diagram of a plurality of electron beam melting and milling composite 3D printing apparatuses using two electron beam emitting structures and a milling head according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a simplified schematic diagram of a plurality of electron beam melting and milling composite 3D printing apparatuses using three electron beam emission structures and a milling head according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a simplified schematic diagram of a plurality of electron beam melting and milling composite 3D printing apparatuses using four electron beam emitting structures and one milling head according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the 3D printing apparatus 1 provided by the present invention combines milling processing and electron beam melting, which can be used for molding various parts, such as parts required for the aerospace manufacturing industry.
  • the plurality of electron beam melting and milling composite 3D printing apparatus 1 includes a susceptor 100, a powder laying structure, a plurality of electron beam emitting structures 101, and a milling head 102, wherein the susceptor 100 serves as a basis for the entire 3D printing apparatus 1 to carry
  • the susceptor 100 is provided with a processing platform 109 that moves in a vertical direction, on which the metal powder is laid; the powder-laying structure is disposed on the susceptor 100, and the powder-laying structure is used to transport the metal powder to the metal
  • the metal powder forms a metal powder layer on the processing platform 109;
  • the plurality of electron beam emitting structures 101 are circumferentially arranged outside the milling head 102, and the electron beam emitting structures 101 are located above the processing platform 109. It emits an electron beam that can move in a horizontal plane, and the electron beam is used for sub-region melt processing of the metal powder layer formed on the processing platform 109 to form a single layer or a plurality of layers.
  • the milling head 102 is located above the processing platform 109, which is located in the surrounding enclosing of the plurality of electron beam emitting structures 101, that is, the plurality of electron beam emitting structures 101 are spaced around the outer circumference of the milling head 102, milling
  • the head 102 can mill a plurality of single or multi-layer approximations melt-molded on the processing platform 109 and join a plurality of single or multiple layers of approximate shapes into one body.
  • the XY plane parallel to the processing platform 109 is set to a horizontal plane
  • the Z direction is a vertical direction
  • the plane perpendicular to the horizontal plane is a vertical plane, so that the processing platform 109 can move up and down in the Z direction.
  • the electron beam emitted from the electron beam emitting structure 101 moves in the XY plane, and the metal powder layer is melt-molded in accordance with the set traveling trajectory.
  • a plurality of electron beam molten metal powder layers emitted from a plurality of electron beam emitting structures 101 are used for 3D printing, so that for large-sized parts, it is possible to utilize
  • the plurality of electron beam emitting structures are subjected to zone melt processing, and the plurality of single or multiple layers of the approximate shape processed by the plurality of electron beam emitting structures 101 are milled by the milling head 102, and the plurality of single layers after milling are milled Or a multi-layer approximation of the shape of the body, combined with 3D printing technology and milling processing.
  • the powder coating structure transports the metal powder onto the processing platform 109 and is laid on the processing platform 109 to form a metal powder layer; according to the 3D printing technology, the plurality of electron beam emission structures 101 emit a plurality of electron beam pair processing platforms 109
  • the molten metal powder layer is melt-processed and stacked one by one to form a single-layer or multi-layered approximate shape. In this process, part zoning processing is performed, and thus, the coverage and parts of the electron beam emitted by the electron beam emitting structure 101 are obtained.
  • the size, then the corresponding number of electron beam emitting structures 101 can be arranged correspondingly;
  • the processing platform 109 is moved downward by a certain distance to ensure that the metal powder layer relocated on the processing platform 109 and the focus of the electron beam emitted by the electron beam emitting structure 101 are between The distance remains the same.
  • step 1) a plurality of electron beams emitted by the plurality of electron beam emitting structures 101 are moved in a horizontal plane, and a plurality of single or multiple layers of approximate shapes are formed in the metal powder layer on the processing platform 109; in step 2) The milling head 102 is used to mill a plurality of various types of single or multiple layers of approximate shapes in all directions.
  • the milling head 102 is used to approximate a plurality of single layers or multiple layers. The body is milled and the cycle is repeated until the part has been machined.
  • the 3D printing device integrates the traditional milling-based demolition precision machining with the incremental stack manufacturing process based on electron beam fusion 3D printing, which can overcome the size and shape accuracy of traditional 3D printing technology.
  • the defects can also overcome the constraints of the machining process on the complexity of the components, so that it is not necessary to perform secondary processing on the processed parts, avoiding the difficulty of current clamping, large machining errors, deformation of parts during processing, and difficulty
  • the problem of processing opens up a wider application space for 3D printing technology and provides new methods and means for the manufacture of core precision parts in the aerospace industry.
  • a plurality of electron beams emitted from the plurality of electron beam emitting structures 101 can be utilized to perform partial-region melt processing, and then the plurality of single-layer or multi-layer approximate bodies formed by the milling head 102 are milled. Machining, etc., to achieve the molding of any large size parts.
  • two rows of guide rails 105 arranged in parallel are arranged on the base 100, and the two guide rails 105 are arranged on both sides of the processing platform 109; the scraping blade 104 and the powder leakage box 103 included in the powder spreading structure, the scraper
  • the two ends of the 104 are respectively movably connected to the two guide rails 105, so that the scraper 104 can be moved along the guide rail 105 on a horizontal plane, and a gap is formed between the lower end of the scraper 104 and the processing platform 109;
  • the powder leakage tank 103 is located above the base 100, and a powder storage chamber is disposed therein, and the metal powder is stored in the powder storage chamber of the powder leakage tank 103.
  • a powder leakage hole is disposed at a lower end of the powder leakage box 103, and the powder leakage hole communicates with the powder leakage cavity, and a powder collecting groove 1041 is provided at an upper end of the doctor blade 104, and the powder collecting groove 1041 and the powder leakage hole of the powder leakage box 103
  • the alignment is such that the metal powder falling through the powder leakage hole of the powder leakage tank 103 falls into the powder collecting groove 1041 of the doctor blade 104, and is laid on the processing table 109 by the doctor blade 104 to form a metal powder layer.
  • the powder leakage holes of the powder leakage box 103 are arranged in a strip shape, and the powder collecting grooves 1041 on the doctor blade 104 are also arranged in a strip shape, so that the width of the metal powder layer after the powdering by the doctor blade 104 is satisfied. Need to use.
  • the thickness of the metal powder layer laid on the processing platform 109 each time can be selected, and only the gap between the lower end of the blade 104 and the processing platform 109 needs to be adjusted.
  • the powder-laying structure includes two the above-mentioned doctor blades 104 and two of the above-mentioned powder leakage boxes 103, so that the two ends of the two doctor blades 104 are respectively
  • the two squeegees 104 are respectively disposed on the front end and the rear end of the processing platform 109.
  • the two powder hoppers 103 are also located above the front end and the rear end of the processing platform 109, respectively.
  • the powder spreading structure may also include the above-mentioned scraper 104 and the powder storage box;
  • the powder storage box has a powder storage chamber with an open upper end, and the powder storage chamber of the powder storage tank is used for storing metal powder, the powder storage The box is located below the base 100, and in the base 100, there is a through hole communicating with the opening of the upper end of the container, that is, the through hole is aligned with the upper end opening of the container, of course, the through hole is also located Between the two rails 105.
  • the powder storage box is further provided with a powder conveying table which can be moved up and down, and the powder conveying table is arranged in alignment with the upper end opening of the powder storage box and the through hole in the base 100, so that when the scraper 104 needs to be on the processing platform 109
  • the powder powder bed carries the metal powder and moves upwards, respectively passing through the upper end opening of the powder storage box and the through hole of the base 100 until the metal powder is exposed on the base 100, so that the scraper is used 104, the metal powder can be scraped onto the processing platform 109 to form a metal powder layer.
  • the thickness of the metal powder layer formed on the processing platform 109 each time coincides with the gap between the lower end of the doctor blade 104 and the processing platform 109.
  • two of the above-mentioned scraper 104 and two powder storage boxes may be provided, and the two ends of the two scrapers 104 are respectively connected by movement.
  • two scrapers 104 and two powder storage tanks are respectively disposed at the front end and the rear end of the processing platform 109, so that when the powder is laid by the scraper 104, the two scrapers 104 can be used for interaction. , greatly improving the efficiency of paving.
  • sensors 107 are respectively disposed on both sides of the processing platform 109, and the sensor 107 is used for the metal powder laid on the processing platform 109.
  • the thickness of the layer is detected, and the information detected by the sensor 107 is fed back to the control center, and the gap between the processing platform 109 and the doctor blade 104 is adjusted by the control center.
  • a plurality of the above-mentioned sensors 107 are respectively disposed on both sides of the processing platform 109 along the sides of the processing platform 109.
  • the electron beam emitting structure 101 includes an electron beam generator and a coil, wherein the electron beam generator can emit an electron beam, and the emitted electron beam is energized by the coil to form a magnetic field, so that the electron beam can be changed by adjusting the magnetic field of the coil.
  • the transmission path realizes the movement of the electron beam in the horizontal plane, and processes the shape requirements of the approximate body member as needed, and correspondingly adjusts the magnetic field generated by the coil, thereby realizing the deflection of the electron beam.
  • a lifting motor 111 is connected below the processing platform 109, and the driving of the processing platform 109 is driven by the power of the lifting motor 111, and the paving structure is laid on the processing platform 109 each time.
  • the lifting platform controls the processing platform 109 to descend a fixed distance, thereby ensuring that the distance of the focus of the electron beam emitted by the electron beam emitting structure 101 falls on the metal powder layer.
  • the plurality of electron beam melting and milling composite 3D printing apparatus 1 further includes a metal powder recovery structure for recovering the remaining metal powder processed on the susceptor 100, thereby facilitating the metal. Recycling of powder.
  • the metal powder recovery structure includes a recovery tank 110.
  • the recovery tank 110 is provided with a recovery chamber for accommodating the recovered metal powder.
  • the recovery tank 110 is located below the base 100, and the recovery port 106 is disposed in the base 100.
  • the recovery port 106 communicates with the recovery chamber of the recovery tank 110.
  • the recovery port 106 is disposed at the rear end of the processing platform 109 along the moving direction when the blade 104 is powdered; or, for the two doctor blades 104 to cooperate with the interactive powdering operation, the recovery ports 106 may be respectively disposed at The front end and the rear end of the processing platform 109.
  • the 3D printing apparatus 1 further includes a processing chamber 107 having a processing space 1071 therein, and the processing space 1071 is in a vacuum state, or the processing space 1071 is filled with an inert gas, and the above-described susceptor 100 is disposed in the processing chamber 107.
  • a plurality of electron beam melting and milling composite 3D printing apparatus 1 is processed in the processing space 1071 of the processing chamber 107, so that the influence of the environment on the melting or solidification of the metal can be reduced, and the metal is improved.
  • Mechanical and physical properties open up a wider application space for metal electron beam melting 3D printing technology, providing new methods and means for the production of high melting point metals.
  • the milling head 102 is a laser milling head that uses a laser milling head to emit a laser beam to mill a plurality of single or multiple layers of approximate shapes on the processing platform 109.
  • the milling head 102 can also be an electron beam milling or a different processing method such as NC milling.
  • the laser beam emitted by the laser milling head is used to mill single or multiple layers of approximate shape, which is a non-contact milling process, which avoids the defects of the traditional tool directly contacting the single or multiple layers of the approximate shape, greatly improving the milling. Processing accuracy.
  • the laser milling head can be moved in a three-dimensional space.
  • the two guide rails 105 are provided with a gantry.
  • the gantry includes two spaced-apart connecting arms and a cross beam.
  • the lower ends of the two connecting arms are respectively movably connected to the two guide rails 105, and can be moved along the guide rails 105.
  • the cross beams are connected to the two rails.
  • the upper end of the connecting arm is such that the cross member is arranged across the rails 105 in a span.
  • a moving terminal 112 is movably coupled to the beam, and the moving terminal 112 is movable along the beam.
  • a connecting plate is also movably connected to the moving terminal, and the connecting plate can move up and down with respect to the moving terminal, that is, move along the vertical direction and move along the Z direction.
  • the laser milling head is attached to the web such that when the web is moved vertically, the laser milling head is also moved vertically so that the laser milling head can move in a three-dimensional space.
  • a cooling pipeline is arranged in the laser milling head, and the cooling pipeline is connected with cooling water.
  • the flow of the cooling water can be utilized to take away the components of the laser milling head.
  • the heat generated during the work process has the effect of dissipating heat, ensuring better working efficiency and performance of the laser milling head.
  • the laser milling head includes a laser generator and a plurality of rotationally arranged polarizers, wherein the laser generator is used to generate a laser beam, and the plurality of polarizers are spaced apart on the transmission path of the laser beam for The laser beam is reflected so as to change the direction in which the laser beam is transmitted, so that the laser beam is directed perpendicularly onto the processing platform 109. Moreover, by adjusting the rotation of the plurality of polarizers, the position of the laser beam can be changed, that is, the movement of the laser beam in the horizontal plane can be achieved.
  • the laser milling head further includes a polarization controller for controlling the rotation adjustment of the plurality of polarizers, and of course, may be embedded according to the needs of the processing. Control program, etc., according to different processing, the polarization controller performs different rotation adjustments on multiple polarizers.
  • the plurality of polarizers are placed in the accommodating case, and the laser light emitted by the laser generator enters the accommodating case, is reflected by the plurality of polarizers, and is emitted from the exit port of the accommodating case.
  • a milling head 102 and a plurality of electron beam emitting structures 101 are used, wherein the electron beam emitting structure 101 may be two or three. Or four and so on.

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Abstract

一种多个电子束熔融及激光铣削复合3D打印设备（1）包括基座（100），基座上设有加工平台（109）；基座上设有铺粉结构；加工平台的上方分别设有多个电子束发射结构（101）以及铣削头（102），多个电子束发射结构相间隔环绕布置在铣削头的外部；多个电子束发射结构发射电子束对金属粉层进行分区域熔融加工以形成多个单层或多层近似形体；铣削头对多个单层或多层近似形体分别进行铣削加工。所述设备将以激光铣削为主的去除式加工与以电子束熔融3D打印为主的增量叠层制造工艺集成，克服3D打印技术在尺寸和形状等方面的缺陷，且多个电子束进行分区域熔融加工，再利用铣削头进行铣削加工，实现对任意大尺寸零件的成型。

Description

多个电子束熔融和铣削复合3D打印设备 技术领域
本发明涉及3D打印设备的技术领域，尤其涉及多个电子束熔融和铣削复合3D打印设备。
 背景技术
金属熔融3D打印技术（Selective Laser Melting，SLM）是利用高亮度激光直接熔化金属粉末材料，无需粘结剂，由3D模型直接成型出与铸件性能相当的任意复杂结构零件。
金属熔融3D打印技术虽然可以成型出达到铸造强度级别的零件，但是成型出的零件的形状误差大、表面光洁度不高，这样，成型后的零件则需要采用传统的机械加工方式对此进行二次加工，才能得到航空制造工业所要求的形状及表面精度。而航空航天行业大部分零件，如发动机喷嘴、叶片、蜂窝结构的燃烧室等，一般是复杂薄壁或点阵夹芯结构，或是尺寸较大的形状，或是自由曲面等形状，当采用金属熔融3D打印技术加工出来的零件，再放入机床进行二次加工时，则存在以下问题：
1） 、装夹困难，或装夹后，由于坐标变换无法精确定位零件参考点，导致加工误差大；
2） 、对于薄壁结构的零件，加工时，由于无支撑零件的面，导致零件应力变形；
3） 、部分零件由于内部结构复杂，刀具无法伸入其内部，导致难以加工。
由于上述问题的存在，导致目前金属熔融3D打印技术虽然已经应用到飞机零件的生产制造中，但应用面较窄，仅应用于一些对精度、强度要求不高的零件，或者形状较简单及容易二次机械加工的零件的加工上，距离广泛应用还存在较大差距。
另外，现有技术中，利用大功率电子束直接熔化金属粉材料，无需粘结剂，由3D 模型直接成型出与锻件性能相当的任意复杂结构零件。但是，由于电子束的偏转角度受限，其扫描面积基本在400mm x 400mm以下，从而则无法进行大尺寸零件的成型。
 技术问题
本发明的目的在于提供多个电子束熔融和铣削复合3D打印设备，旨在解决现有技术中，采用金属熔融3D打印技术加工的零件在机床进行二次加工，存在装夹困难、加工误差大、零件易变性及难以加工的问题，以及利用电子束熔融3D打印，无法成型大尺寸零件的问题。
 技术解决方案
本发明是这样实现的，多个电子束熔融和铣削复合3D打印设备，包括基座，所述基座上设有沿竖向移动的加工平台；所述基座上设有用于将金属粉铺设在所述加工平台形成金属粉层的铺粉结构；所述加工平台的上方分别设有多个电子束发射结构以及铣削头，多个所述电子束发射结构相间隔环绕布置在所述铣削头的外部；多个所述电子束发射结构发射电子束对位于所述加工平台上的金属粉层进行分区域熔融加工以形成多个单层或多层近似形体；所述铣削头对形成在所述加工平台上的多个单层或多层近似形体分别进行铣削加工，且将形成在所述加工平台上的多个单层或多层近似形体连接为一体。
进一步地，所述电子束发射结构包括发射电子束的电子束发生器以及通电产生磁场的线圈，所述电子束发生器发射的电子束穿过所述线圈产生的磁场。
进一步地，所述基座上设有两个相间隔并排布置的导轨，所述加工平台位于两所述导轨之间；所述铺粉结构包括刮刀以及位于所述刮刀上方的漏粉箱，所述刮刀的两端分别活动连接于两所述导轨，所述刮刀的下端与所述加工平台之间具有间隙；所述漏粉箱中设有用于装置金属粉的储粉腔，所述漏粉箱的下端设有漏粉孔，所述刮刀的上端设有用于收集经由所述漏粉孔落下的金属粉的集粉槽。
进一步地，所述铺粉结构包括两个刮刀及两个所述漏粉箱，两个所述刮刀分别设置有所述加工平台的前端及后端，两个所述漏粉箱分别位于两个所述刮刀的上方。
进一步地，所述基座上设有两个相间隔并排布置的导轨，所述加工平台位于两所述导轨之间；所述铺粉结构包括刮刀以及储粉箱，所述刮刀的两端分别活动连接于两所述导轨，所述刮刀的下端与所述加工平台之间具有间隙；所述储粉箱具有上端开口且用于装置金属粉的储粉腔，所述基座中设有与所述储粉腔的上端开口对齐的通孔；所述储粉箱的储粉腔中设有竖向移动且用于将金属粉运送至所述基座上的运粉台，所述运粉台分别与所述储粉腔的上端开口及通孔对齐布置。
进一步地，所述加工平台的两侧分别设有用于检测铺设在所述加工平台上的金属粉层厚度的传感器。
进一步地，所述铣削头为激光铣削头，两个所述导轨上活动连接有门架，所述门架包括两个相间隔布置的连接臂以及横梁，两个所述连接臂的下端分别活动连接在两个所述导轨上，所述横梁的两端分别连接在两个所述连接臂的上端；所述横梁上活动连接有横梁移动的移动端子，所述移动端子上活动连接有相对于所述移动端子上下移动的连接板，所述激光铣削头连接于所述连接板上。
进一步地，所述激光铣削头内设有供冷却水流通的冷却管路。
进一步地，所述铣削头为激光铣削头，所述激光铣削头包括用于发射激光束的激光发生器以及多个对所述激光发生器发射的激光束进行发射的偏振片，多个所述偏振片设于容置盒内。
进一步地，所述多个电子束熔融和铣削复合3D打印设备还包括回收箱，所述回收箱中具有用于装置回收所述基座上金属粉的回收腔，所述回收箱位于所述基座的下方，所述基座中设有连通所述回收腔的回收口。
 有益效果
与现有技术相比，本发明提供的多个电子束熔融和铣削复合3D打印设备加工零件，利用电子束发射结构发射的电子束分区域逐层熔融金属粉层后，利用铣削头对多个单层或多层近似形体进行铣削加工，循环重复直至零件加工完毕,该3D打印设备将传统的以铣削为主的去除式精密加工与以电子束熔融3D打印为主的增量叠层制造工艺集成为一体，既能克服传统3D打印技术在尺寸和形状精度等方面的缺陷，也可以克服切削加工对零部件复杂程度等方面的制约，这样，则不需要对加工后的零件进行二次加工，避免现时装夹困难、加工误差大、加工时零件出现变形以及难以加工的问题，为3D打印技术开辟更加广阔的应用空间，为航空航天产业核心精密零部件的生产制造提供新的方法和手段；且针对大尺寸的零件，则可以充分利用多个电子束发射结构发出的多个电子束进行分区域熔融加工，再利用铣削头对形成的多个单层或多层近似形体进行铣削加工等，从而实现对任意大尺寸零件的成型。
 附图说明
图1是本发明实施例提供的多个电子束熔融和铣削复合3D打印设备的立体示意图；
图2是本发明实施例提供的多个电子束熔融和铣削复合3D打印设备采用两个电子束发射结构及一个铣削头的简易示意图；
图3是本发明实施例提供的多个电子束熔融和铣削复合3D打印设备采用三个电子束发射结构及一个铣削头的简易示意图；
图4是本发明实施例提供的多个电子束熔融和铣削复合3D打印设备采用四个电子束发射结构及一个铣削头的简易示意图。
 本发明的最佳实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
以下结合具体实施例对本发明的实现进行详细的描述。
如图1~4所示，为本发明提供的较佳实施例。
本发明提供的3D打印设备1，复合了铣削加工及电子束熔融，其可以用于成型各种零件，如航空制造工业所需的零件等。
多个电子束熔融和铣削复合3D打印设备1包括基座100、铺粉结构、多个电子束发射结构101以及铣削头102，其中，基座100作为整个3D打印设备1的基础，起到承载作用，基座100上设有沿竖直方向移动的加工平台109，金属粉被铺设在该加工平台109上；铺粉结构设置在基座100上，铺粉结构用于将金属粉等输送到加工平台109上，且金属粉在加工平台109上形成金属粉层；多个电子束发射结构101相间隔呈环绕状布置在铣削头102的外部，各电子束发射结构101位于加工平台109的上方，其发射可以在水平面移动的电子束，且该电子束用于对形成在加工平台109上的金属粉层进行分区域熔融加工以形成单层或多层近似形体。
铣削头102位于加工平台109的上方，该铣削头102位于多个电子束发射结构101的环绕包围之中，也就是说，多个电子束发射结构101相间隔环绕铣削头102的外周布置，铣削头102可以对加工平台109上熔融成型的多个单层或多层近似形体进行铣削加工，并将多个单层或多层近似形体连接为一体。
参照图1所示，设定平行于加工平台109的XY平面为水平面，Z方向则为竖直方向，垂直于水平面的平面为竖直平面，这样，加工平台109可以在沿Z方向上下移动，电子束发射结构101发射的电子束在XY平面移动，按照设定的行走轨迹，对金属粉层进行熔融成型加工。
在上述的多个电子束熔融和铣削复合3D打印设备1中，采用多个电子束发射结构101发射的多个电子束熔融金属粉层进行3D打印，这样，对于大尺寸的零件，则可以利用多个电子束发射结构进行分区熔融加工，并利用铣削头102对多个电子束发射结构101每次加工的多个单层或多层近似形体进行铣削加工，且将铣削后的多个单层或多层近似形体连接为一体，融合3D打印技术及铣削加工为一体。
在实际加工过程中，其具体操作过程如下：
1）、铺粉结构将金属粉输送至加工平台109上，并铺设在加工平台109上，形成金属粉层；按照3D打印技术，多个电子束发射结构101发射多个电子束对加工平台109上的金属粉层熔融加工，逐行逐层堆积形成单层或多层的近似形体，在此过程中，实现零件分区加工，这样，针对电子束发射结构101发射的电子束的覆盖范围以及零件的尺寸，则可以相对应布置相对应数量的电子束发射结构101；
2）、利用铣削头102对加工平台109上形成的多个单层或多层的近似形体进行铣削，以达到单层或多层近似形体所需的尺寸及表面精度，并将多个单层或多层近似形体连接为一体；
3）、重复循环上述步骤1）及步骤2），一直到最后零件的形状加工完毕。
每次完成上述步骤1）及2），加工平台109则会向下移动一定距离，以保证重新布置在加工平台109上的金属粉层与电子束发射结构101发射的电子束的焦点之间的距离保持不变。
在步骤1）中，利用多个电子束发射结构101发出的多个电子束在水平面移动，在加工平台109上的金属粉层中成型多个单层或多层近似形体；在步骤2）中，利用铣削头102对多个各种类型的单层或多层近似形体全方位进行铣削。
利用本实施例提供的多个电子束熔融和铣削复合3D打印设备1加工零件，利用多个电子束分区域且逐层熔融金属粉层后，利用铣削头102对多个单层或多层近似形体进行铣削加工，循环重复直至零件加工完毕。
该3D打印设备将传统的以铣削为主的去除式精密加工与以电子束熔融3D打印为主的增量叠层制造工艺集成为一体，既能克服传统3D打印技术在尺寸和形状精度等方面的缺陷，也可以克服切削加工对零部件复杂程度等方面的制约，这样，则不需要对加工后的零件进行二次加工，避免现时装夹困难、加工误差大、加工时零件出现变形以及难以加工的问题，为3D打印技术开辟更加广阔的应用空间，为航空航天产业核心精密零部件的生产制造提供新的方法和手段。
另外，针对大尺寸的零件，则可以充分利用多个电子束发射结构101发出的多个电子束进行分区域熔融加工，再利用铣削头102对形成的多个单层或多层近似形体进行铣削加工等，从而实现对任意大尺寸零件的成型。
本实施例中，在基座100上设有两排相间隔并行布置的导轨105,该两个导轨105布置在加工平台109的两侧；铺粉结构包括的刮刀104以及漏粉箱103，刮刀104的两端分别活动连接在两个导轨105上，这样，刮刀104则可以沿着导轨105在水平面上移动，且刮刀104的下端与加工平台109之间具有间隙；
漏粉箱103位于基座100的上方，其中设有储粉腔,金属粉则存储在该漏粉箱103的储粉腔中。在漏粉箱103的下端设有漏粉孔，该漏粉孔连通漏粉腔，并且，在刮刀104的上端设有集粉槽1041，该集粉槽1041与漏粉箱103的漏粉孔对齐布置，这样，经由漏粉箱103的漏粉孔落下的金属粉则落入在刮刀104的集粉槽1041中，并由刮刀104铺设在加工平台109上，形成金属粉层。
具体地，漏粉箱103的漏粉孔呈条状延伸布置，并且，刮刀104上的集粉槽1041也呈条状布置，这样，保证通过刮刀104进行铺粉后的金属粉层的宽度满足使用需要。
根据实际加工需要，可以选择每次铺设在加工平台109上的金属粉层的厚度，只需要调整刮刀104下端与加工平台109之间的间隙则可。
当然，对于上述设置漏粉箱103实现自上而下漏粉的结构，铺粉结构包括有两个上述的刮刀104以及两个上述的漏粉箱103，这样，两个刮刀104的两端分别活动连接在两个导轨105上，且两个刮刀104分别设置在加工平台109的前端及后端，当然，两个漏粉箱103也分别位于加工平台109前端及后端的上方，这样，在利用刮刀104进行铺粉时，则可以利用两个刮刀104交互操作，大大提高了铺粉效率。
或者，作为其它实施例，铺粉结构也可以是包括上述的刮刀104以及储粉箱；储粉箱具有上端开口的储粉腔，储粉箱的储粉腔用于存储金属粉，该储粉箱位于基座100的下方，且在基座100中，设有连通该储粉箱上端开口的通孔，也就是说，通孔与储粉箱的上端开口对齐，当然，该通孔也位于两个导轨105之间。
在储粉箱中还设有可以上下移动的运粉台，该运粉台与储粉箱的上端开口及基座100中的通孔分别对齐布置，这样，当刮刀104需要在加工平台109上铺设金属粉层时，运粉台上运载着金属粉，并向上移动，分别穿过储粉箱的上端开口及基座100的通孔，直至金属粉显露在基座100上，这样，利用刮刀104则可以将金属粉刮至加工平台109上，形成金属粉层，当然，每次形成在加工平台109上的金属粉层的厚度，与刮刀104下端与加工平台109的间隙一致。
当然，对于上述采用刮刀104及储粉箱配合，实现自下而上供粉的操作，其也可以设置两个上述的刮刀104及两个储粉箱，两个刮刀104的两端分别活动连接在两个导轨105上，且两个刮刀104及两个储粉箱分别设置在加工平台109的前端及后端，这样，在利用刮刀104进行铺粉时，则可以利用两个刮刀104交互操作，大大提高了铺粉效率。
为了对铺设在加工平台109上的金属粉层的厚度进行检测，本实施例中，在加工平台109的两侧分别设有传感器107，该传感器107用于对铺设在加工平台109上的金属粉层的厚度进行检测，传感器107检测的信息通过反馈给控制中心，进而由控制中心对加工平台109与刮刀104之间的间隙进行调节。
具体地，为了更加准确的检测金属粉层的厚度，本实施例，在加工平台109的两侧，沿着加工平台109的侧边延伸，分别布置有多个上述的传感器107。
电子束发射结构101包括电子束发生器以及线圈，其中，电子束发生器可以发射电子束，其发射的电子束通过线圈通电形成的磁场，这样，通过对线圈磁场的调节，则可以改变电子束的传输路径，实现电子束在水平面的移动，根据需要加工近似形体构件的形状要求，对应地调节线圈产生的磁场，从而实现电子束的偏移。
为了实现加工平台109上上下移动,上述的加工平台109下方连接有升降马达111，利用该升降马达111的动力驱动，驱动加工平台109的上下移动，当每次铺粉结构在加工平台109上铺设一层金属粉层后，升降平台则控制加工平台109下降固定距离，从而保证电子束发射结构101发射的电子束的焦点落在金属粉层上的距离不变。
本实施例中，多个电子束熔融和铣削复合3D打印设备1还包括金属粉回收结构，该金属粉回收结构用于将基座100上加工剩余的金属粉进行回收，这样，则有利于金属粉的循环利用。
具体地，金属粉回收结构包括回收箱110，该回收箱110中设有用于容置回收的金属粉的回收腔，回收箱110位于基座100的下方，在基座100中设有回收口106，该回收口106连通回收箱110的回收腔，这样，基座100上加工剩余的金属粉则可以通过回收口进入回收箱110的回收腔中，回收腔内的金属粉，进行残渣滤除，则可以重新循环使用。
本实施例中，沿着刮刀104铺粉时的移动方向，回收口106布置在加工平台109的后端；或者，对于两个刮刀104配合交互式铺粉的操作，回收口106可以分别设置在加工平台109的前端及后端。
为了使得多个电子束熔融和铣削复合3D打印设备1在加工的过程中，金属粉不会被氧化，从而使得成型的零件的性能较佳，本实施例中，多个电子束熔融和铣削复合3D打印设备1还包括加工室107，该加工室107内具有加工空间1071，且该加工空间1071呈真空状态，或者，加工空间1071内充入惰性气体，上述的基座100布置在加工室107的加工空间1071内,也就是多个电子束熔融和铣削复合3D打印设备1装置在加工室107的加工空间1071内进行加工，这样，可以减少环境对金属熔融或凝固时的影响，提高金属的机械以及物理性能，为金属电子束熔融3D打印技术开辟更加广阔的应用空间，为高熔点金属的生产制造提供新的方法和手段。
本实施例中，铣削头102为激光铣削头，其利用激光铣削头发射激光束，对加工平台109上的多个单层或多层近似形体进行铣削加工。当然，作为其它实施例，该铣削头102也可以是电子束铣削，或者是NC铣削等不同加工方式。
采用激光铣削头发射的激光束对单层或多层近似形体进行铣削加工，属于非接触式铣削加工，避免传统式刀具直接与单层或多层近似形体直接接触加工存在的缺陷，大大提高铣削加工的精度。
对于激光铣削头的设置方式可以有多种方式，本实施例中，激光铣削头可以在立体空间中移动。两个导轨105上设有门架，该门架包括两相间隔布置的连接臂以及横梁，两连接臂的下端分别活动连接在两导轨105上，且可以沿着导轨105移动，横梁连接在两连接臂的上端，这样，横梁则呈横跨状布置在两个导轨105之间。在横梁上活动连接有移动端子112，该移动端子112可以沿着横梁移动。在移动端子上还活动连接有连接板，该连接板可以相对移动端子上下移动，也就是沿着竖向移动，沿着Z方向移动。激光铣削头连接在该连接板上，这样，当连接板在竖向移动时，激光铣削头也随之在竖向移动，这样，激光铣削头则可以在立体空间移动。
另外，激光铣削头内设有冷却管路，该冷却管路中供冷却水连通，这样，通过在冷却管路内流通冷却水，则可以利用冷却水的流动，带走激光铣削头中个构件工作过程中产生的热量，起到散热的效果，保证激光铣削头较佳的工作效率及性能。
或者，作为其它实施例，激光铣削头包括激光发生器以及多个转动布置的偏振镜，其中，激光发生器用于产生激光束，多个偏振镜相间隔布置在激光束的传输路线上，用于对激光束进行反射，从而达到改变激光束传输方向的目的，使得激光束垂直射至加工平台109上。并且，通过对多个偏振镜的转动调节，则可以改变激光束的位置，也就是实现激光束在水平面的移动。
本实施例中，为了实现对多个偏振镜1012的自动控制，激光铣削头还包括偏振控制器，该偏振控制器用于控制多个偏振镜的转动调节，当然，根据加工的需要，可以内嵌控制程序等，根据不同的加工，偏振控制器则对多个偏振镜进行不同的转动调节。
上述的多个偏振镜放置在容置盒中，激光发生器发出的激光进入容置盒中，经过多个偏振镜进行反射，再由容置盒的出射口射出。
对于本实施例提供的多个电子束熔融和铣削复合3D打印设备1，采用一个铣削头102及多个电子束发射结构101，其中，电子束发射结构101可以是两个，也可以是三个或四个等等。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 多个电子束熔融和铣削复合3D打印设备，其特征在于，包括基座，所述基座上设有沿竖向移动的加工平台；所述基座上设有用于将金属粉铺设在所述加工平台形成金属粉层的铺粉结构；所述加工平台的上方分别设有多个电子束发射结构以及铣削头，多个所述电子束发射结构相间隔环绕布置在所述铣削头的外部；多个所述电子束发射结构发射电子束对位于所述加工平台上的金属粉层进行分区域熔融加工以形成多个单层或多层近似形体；所述铣削头对形成在所述加工平台上的多个单层或多层近似形体分别进行铣削加工，且将形成在所述加工平台上的多个单层或多层近似形体连接为一体。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的多个电子束熔融和铣削复合3D打印设备，其特征在于，所述电子束发射结构包括发射电子束的电子束发生器以及通电产生磁场的线圈，所述电子束发生器发射的电子束穿过所述线圈产生的磁场。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的多个电子束熔融和铣削复合3D打印设备，其特征在于，所述基座上设有两个相间隔并排布置的导轨，所述加工平台位于两所述导轨之间；所述铺粉结构包括刮刀以及位于所述刮刀上方的漏粉箱，所述刮刀的两端分别活动连接于两所述导轨，所述刮刀的下端与所述加工平台之间具有间隙；所述漏粉箱中设有用于装置金属粉的储粉腔，所述漏粉箱的下端设有漏粉孔，所述刮刀的上端设有用于收集经由所述漏粉孔落下的金属粉的集粉槽。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的多个电子束熔融和铣削复合3D打印设备，其特征在于，所述铺粉结构包括两个刮刀及两个所述漏粉箱，两个所述刮刀分别设置有所述加工平台的前端及后端，两个所述漏粉箱分别位于两个所述刮刀的上方。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的多个电子束熔融和铣削复合3D打印设备，其特征在于，所述基座上设有两个相间隔并排布置的导轨，所述加工平台位于两所述导轨之间；所述铺粉结构包括刮刀以及储粉箱，所述刮刀的两端分别活动连接于两所述导轨，所述刮刀的下端与所述加工平台之间具有间隙；所述储粉箱具有上端开口且用于装置金属粉的储粉腔，所述基座中设有与所述储粉腔的上端开口对齐的通孔；所述储粉箱的储粉腔中设有竖向移动且用于将金属粉运送至所述基座上的运粉台，所述运粉台分别与所述储粉腔的上端开口及通孔对齐布置。
  6. 如权利要求1至5任一项所述的多个电子束熔融和铣削复合3D打印设备，其特征在于，所述加工平台的两侧分别设有用于检测铺设在所述加工平台上的金属粉层厚度的传感器。
  7. 如权利要求1至5任一项所述的多个电子束熔融和铣削复合3D打印设备，其特征在于，所述铣削头为激光铣削头，两个所述导轨上活动连接有门架，所述门架包括两个相间隔布置的连接臂以及横梁，两个所述连接臂的下端分别活动连接在两个所述导轨上，所述横梁的两端分别连接在两个所述连接臂的上端；所述横梁上活动连接有横梁移动的移动端子，所述移动端子上活动连接有相对于所述移动端子上下移动的连接板，所述激光铣削头连接于所述连接板上。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的多个电子束熔融和铣削复合3D打印设备，其特征在于，所述激光铣削头内设有供冷却水流通的冷却管路。
  9. 如权利要求1至5任一项所述的多个电子束熔融和铣削复合3D打印设备，其特征在于，所述铣削头为激光铣削头，所述激光铣削头包括用于发射激光束的激光发生器以及多个对所述激光发生器发射的激光束进行发射的偏振片，多个所述偏振片设于容置盒内。
  10. 如权利要求1至5任一项所述的多个电子束熔融和铣削复合3D打印设备，其特征在于，所述多个电子束熔融和铣削复合3D打印设备还包括回收箱，所述回收箱中具有用于装置回收所述基座上金属粉的回收腔，所述回收箱位于所述基座的下方，所述基座中设有连通所述回收腔的回收口。
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